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Graham E, Esashi F. DNA strand breaks at centromeres: Friend or foe? Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:141-151. [PMID: 37872040 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Centromeres are large structural regions in the genomic DNA, which are essential for accurately transmitting a complete set of chromosomes to daughter cells during cell division. In humans, centromeres consist of highly repetitive α-satellite DNA sequences and unique epigenetic components, forming large proteinaceous structures required for chromosome segregation. Despite their biological importance, there is a growing body of evidence for centromere breakage across the cell cycle, including periods of quiescence. In this review, we provide an up-to-date examination of the distinct centromere environments at different stages of the cell cycle, highlighting their plausible contribution to centromere breakage. Additionally, we explore the implications of these breaks on centromere function, both in terms of negative consequences and potential positive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Graham
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fumiko Esashi
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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2
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Zhu G, Liu J, Li Y, Huang H, Chen C, Wu D, Cao P, Su L, Wang Y, Zhang H, Liu H, Chen J. ARID1B Deficiency Leads to Impaired DNA Damage Response and Activated cGAS-STING Pathway in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Cancer 2024; 15:2601-2612. [PMID: 38577613 PMCID: PMC10988295 DOI: 10.7150/jca.91955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Lung cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally, necessitating the identification of predictive markers for effective immunotherapy. Mutations in SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex genes were reported sensitized human tumors to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. This study aims to investigate the association between SWI/SNF gene ARID1B mutation and ICI response in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, to explore the functional consequences of ARID1B mutation on DNA damage response, immune microenvironment, and cGAS-STING pathway activation. Methods: TCGA LUAD, LUSC, and AACR GENIE data are analyzed to assess ARID1B mutation status in NSCLC patients. Prognostic analysis evaluates the effect of ARID1B mutation on patient outcomes. In vitro experiments carried to investigate the consequences of ARID1B knockdown on DNA damage response and repair. The immune microenvironment is assessed based on ARID1B expression, and the relationship between ARID1B and the cGAS-STING pathway is explored. Results: ARID1B mutation frequency is 5.7% in TCGA databases and 4.4% in the AACR GENIE project. NSCLC patients with ARID1B mutation showed improved overall and progression-free survival following ICIs treatment. ARID1B knockdown in lung cancer cell lines enhances DNA damage, impairs DNA repair, alters chromatin accessibility, and activates the cGAS-STING pathway. ARID1B deficiency is associated with immune suppression, indicated by reduced immune scores, decreased immune cell infiltration, and negative correlations with immune-related cell types and functions. Conclusion: ARID1B mutation may predict improved response to ICIs in NSCLC patients. ARID1B mutation leads to impaired DNA damage response and repair, altered chromatin accessibility, and cGAS-STING pathway activation. These findings provide insights into ARID1B's biology and therapeutic implications in lung cancer, highlighting its potential as a target for precision medicine and immunotherapy. Further validation and clinical studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangsheng Zhu
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghao Liu
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongwen Li
- Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Peijun Cao
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianchun Su
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbing Zhang
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
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3
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Goddard AM, Cho MG, Lerner LM, Gupta GP. Mechanisms of Immune Sensing of DNA Damage. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168424. [PMID: 38159716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Genomic stability relies on a multifaceted and evolutionarily conserved DNA damage response (DDR). In multicellular organisms, an integral facet of the DDR involves the activation of the immune system to eliminate cells with persistent DNA damage. Recent research has shed light on a complex array of nucleic acid sensors crucial for innate immune activation in response to oncogenic stress-associated DNA damage, a process vital for suppressing tumor formation. Yet, these immune sensing pathways may also be co-opted to foster tolerance of chromosomal instability, thereby driving cancer progression. This review aims to provide an updated overview of how the innate immune system detects and responds to DNA damage. An improved understanding of the regulatory intricacies governing this immune response may uncover new avenues for cancer prevention and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Goddard
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Min-Guk Cho
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lynn M Lerner
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Genetics and Molecular Biology Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Gaorav P Gupta
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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4
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Miyakawa Y, Otsuka M, Shibata C, Seimiya T, Yamamoto K, Ishibashi R, Kishikawa T, Tanaka E, Isagawa T, Takeda N, Kamio N, Imai K, Fujishiro M. Gut Bacteria-derived Membrane Vesicles Induce Colonic Dysplasia by Inducing DNA Damage in Colon Epithelial Cells. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 17:745-767. [PMID: 38309455 PMCID: PMC10966291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world. Gut microbiota has recently been implicated in the development of CRC. Actinomyces odontolyticus is one of the most abundant bacteria in the gut of patients with very early stages of CRC. A odontolyticus is an anaerobic bacterium existing principally in the oral cavity, similar to Fusobacterium nucleatum, which is known as a colon carcinogenic bacterium. Here we newly determined the biological functions of A odontolyticus on colonic oncogenesis. METHODS We examined the induction of intracellular signaling by A odontolyticus in human colonic epithelial cells (CECs). DNA damage levels in CECs were confirmed using the human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived gut organoid model and mouse colon tissues in vivo. RESULTS A odontolyticus secretes membrane vesicles (MVs), which induce nuclear factor kappa B signaling and also produce excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) in colon epithelial cells. We found that A odontolyticus secretes lipoteichoic acid-rich MVs, promoting inflammatory signaling via TLR2. Simultaneously, those MVs are internalized into the colon epithelial cells, co-localize with the mitochondria, and cause mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in excessive ROS production and DNA damage. Induction of excessive DNA damage in colonic cells by A odontolyticus-derived MVs was confirmed in the gut organoid model and also in mouse colon tissues. CONCLUSIONS A odontolyticus secretes MVs, which cause chronic inflammation and ROS production in colonic epithelial cells, leading to the initiation of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Miyakawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Otsuka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Field of Medicine, Density and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Chikako Shibata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Seimiya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rei Ishibashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Isagawa
- Division of Cardiology and Metabolism, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Norihiko Takeda
- Division of Cardiology and Metabolism, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriaki Kamio
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Imai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Fujishiro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Rinaldi F, Schipani F, Balboni B, Catalano F, Marotta R, Myers SH, Previtali V, Veronesi M, Scietti L, Cecatiello V, Pasqualato S, Ortega JA, Girotto S, Cavalli A. Isolation and Characterization of Monomeric Human RAD51: A Novel Tool for Investigating Homologous Recombination in Cancer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312517. [PMID: 37924230 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
DNA repair protein RAD51 is a key player in the homologous recombination pathway. Upon DNA damage, RAD51 is transported into the nucleus by BRCA2, where it can repair DNA double-strand breaks. Due to the structural complexity and dynamics, researchers have not yet clarified the mechanistic details of every step of RAD51 recruitment and DNA repair. RAD51 possesses an intrinsic tendency to form oligomeric structures, which make it challenging to conduct biochemical and biophysical investigations. Here, for the first time, we report on the isolation and characterization of a human monomeric RAD51 recombinant form, obtained through a double mutation, which preserves the protein's integrity and functionality. We investigated different buffers to identify the most suitable condition needed to definitively stabilize the monomer. The monomer of human RAD51 provides the community with a unique biological tool for investigating RAD51-mediated homologous recombination, and paves the way for more reliable structural, mechanistic, and drug discovery studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Rinaldi
- Computational and Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Schipani
- Computational and Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
| | - Beatrice Balboni
- Computational and Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico Catalano
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberto Marotta
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
| | - Samuel H Myers
- Computational and Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
| | - Viola Previtali
- Computational and Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marina Veronesi
- Structural Biophysics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luigi Scietti
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Cecatiello
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
- Current address: Structural Biology Research Centre, Human Technopole Milan, Italy Palazzo Italia Viale Rita Levi-Montalcini 1, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Pasqualato
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
- Current address: Structural Biology Research Centre, Human Technopole Milan, Italy Palazzo Italia Viale Rita Levi-Montalcini 1, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Jose Antonio Ortega
- Computational and Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefania Girotto
- Structural Biophysics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- Computational and Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
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6
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Zhang X, Haeri M, Swerdlow RH, Wang N. Loss of Adaptive DNA Breaks in Alzheimer's Disease Brains. bioRxiv 2023:2023.12.11.566423. [PMID: 38168316 PMCID: PMC10760021 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.11.566423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Background DNA breaks accumulate in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains. While their role as true genomic lesions is recognized, DNA breaks also support cognitive function by facilitating the expression of activity-dependent immediate early genes (IEGs). This process involves TOP2B, a DNA topoisomerase that catalyzes the formation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Objective To characterize how AD impacts adaptive DNA breaks at nervous system genes. Methods We leveraged the ability of DNA single- and double-strand breaks to activate poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) that conjugate poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) to adjacent proteins. To characterize the genomic sites harboring DNA breaks in AD brains, nuclei extracted from 3 AD and 3 non-demented (ND) autopsy brains (frontal cortex, all male donors, age 78 to 91 years of age) were analyzed through CUT&RUN in which we targeted PAR with subsequent DNA sequencing. Results Although the AD brains contained 19.9 times more PAR peaks than the ND brains, PAR peaks at nervous system genes were profoundly lost in AD brains, and the expression of these genes was downregulated. This result is consistent with our previous CUT&RUN targeting γH2AX, which marks DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). In addition, TOP2B expression was significantly decreased in the AD brains. Conclusion Although AD brains contain a net increase in DNA breaks, adaptive DNA breaks at nervous system genes are lost in AD brains. This could potentially reflect diminished TOP2B expression and contribute to impaired neuron function and cognition in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Institute of Reproduction and Developmental Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Mohammad Haeri
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Russell H. Swerdlow
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Institute of Reproduction and Developmental Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Siddiqui MA, Wahab R, Saquib Q, Ahmad J, Farshori NN, Al-Sheddi ES, Al-Oqail MM, Al-Massarani SM, Al-Khedhairy AA. Iron oxide nanoparticles induced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, cell cycle arrest, and DNA damage in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 80:127302. [PMID: 37734210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanotechnology and material science have developed enormously fast in recent years. Due to their excellent magnetic properties, iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have been broadly applied in the field of bioengineering and biomedical. Thus, it is important to evaluate the safety issues and health effects of these nanomaterials. The present investigation was aimed to evaluate the adverse effects of IONPs on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). METHODS The cytotoxic potential of IONPs was assessed by MTT and neutral red uptake (NRU) assays. The impact of IONPs on oxidative stress markers (glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO)), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was also examined. Furthermore, the toxic effect of IONPs was quantified by assessing DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis by quantitative real time PCR. RESULTS We found that IONPs induce a dose-dependent cytotoxicity on HUVECs with IC50 value of 79.13 μg/mL. The results also displayed that IONPs induce oxidative stress, ROS production, and mitochondrial membrane dysfunction. The comet assay results exhibited IONPs induces DNA damage in HUVECs. We found significant cell cycle arrest at SubG1 phase in treated cells and consequent cell death was evidenced by microscopic analysis. Moreover, IONPs display substantial up-regulation of pro-apoptotic genes and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic gene evidenced by real time qPCR. CONCLUSION Overall, our results clearly demonstrated that IONPs have the potential to induce cytotoxicity, DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in HUVECs mediated through oxidative stress and ROS production. Thus, IONPs are cytotoxic and it should be handled with proper care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maqsood A Siddiqui
- Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rizwan Wahab
- Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Quaiser Saquib
- Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Ahmad
- Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nida N Farshori
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebtesam S Al-Sheddi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai M Al-Oqail
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaza M Al-Massarani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A Al-Khedhairy
- Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Li XY, Cui X, Xie CQ, Wu Y, Song T, He JD, Feng J, Cui QR, Bin JL, Li QY, Xiao C, Deng JH, Lu GD, Zhou J. Andrographolide causes p53-independent HCC cell death through p62 accumulation and impaired DNA damage repair. Phytomedicine 2023; 121:155089. [PMID: 37738908 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly lethal cancer characterized by dominant driver mutations, including p53. Consequently, there is an urgent need to search for novel therapeutic agents to treat HCC. Andrographolide (Andro), a clinically available anti-inflammatory phytochemical agent, has shown inhibitory effects against various types of cancer, including HCC. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of its action remain poorly understood. PURPOSE This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which p53 and p62 collectively affect Andro-induced HCC cell death, using both in vitro and in vivo models. METHODS In vitro cellular experiments were conducted to examine the effects of Andro on cell viability and elucidate its mechanisms of action. In vivo xenograft experiments further validated the anti-cancer effects of Andro. RESULTS Andro induced dose- and time-dependent HCC cell death while sparing normal HL-7702 hepatocytes. Furthermore, Andro caused DNA damage through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), a critical event leading to cell death. Notably, HCC cells expressing p53 exhibited greater resistance to Andro-induced cell death compared to p53-deficient cells, likely due to the ability of p53 to induce G2/M cell cycle arrest. Additionally, Andro-induced p62 aggregation led to the proteasomal degradation of RAD51 and 53BP1, two key proteins involved in DNA damage repair. Consequently, silencing or knocking out p62 facilitated DNA damage repair and protected HCC cells. Importantly, disruption of either p53 or p62 did not affect the expression of the other protein. These findings were further supported by the observation that xenograft tumors formed by p62-knockout HCC cells displayed increased resistance to Andro treatment. CONCLUSION This study elucidates the mechanistic basis of Andro-induced HCC cell death. It provides valuable insights for repurposing Andro for the treatment of HCC, regardless of the presence of functional p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China, 530021
| | - Xuan Cui
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China, 530021
| | - Chang-Quan Xie
- Department of Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital & Guangxi Cancer Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China, 530021
| | - Yong Wu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China, 530021
| | - Tang Song
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China, 530021
| | - Jin-Di He
- Department of Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital & Guangxi Cancer Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China, 530021
| | - Ji Feng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China, 530021
| | - Qian-Ru Cui
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China, 530021
| | - Jin-Lian Bin
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China, 530021
| | - Qiu-Yun Li
- Department of Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital & Guangxi Cancer Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China, 530021
| | - Cheng Xiao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China, 100029
| | - Jing-Huan Deng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China, 530021
| | - Guo-Dong Lu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China, 530021; Department of Toxicology, School of the Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 200032; Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment (Guangxi Medical University), Nanning, Guangxi, China, 530021.
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China, 530021; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Regional Diseases (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China, 530021.
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9
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Gibney A, de Paiva REF, Singh V, Fox R, Thompson D, Hennessy J, Slator C, McKenzie CJ, Johansson P, McKee V, Westerlund F, Kellett A. A Click Chemistry-Based Artificial Metallo-Nuclease. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305759. [PMID: 37338105 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Artificial metallo-nucleases (AMNs) are promising DNA damaging drug candidates. Here, we demonstrate how the 1,2,3-triazole linker produced by the Cu-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction can be directed to build Cu-binding AMN scaffolds. We selected biologically inert reaction partners tris(azidomethyl)mesitylene and ethynyl-thiophene to develop TC-Thio, a bioactive C3 -symmetric ligand in which three thiophene-triazole moieties are positioned around a central mesitylene core. The ligand was characterised by X-ray crystallography and forms multinuclear CuII and CuI complexes identified by mass spectrometry and rationalised by density functional theory (DFT). Upon Cu coordination, CuII -TC-Thio becomes a potent DNA binding and cleaving agent. Mechanistic studies reveal DNA recognition occurs exclusively at the minor groove with subsequent oxidative damage promoted through a superoxide- and peroxide-dependent pathway. Single molecule imaging of DNA isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells shows that the complex has comparable activity to the clinical drug temozolomide, causing DNA damage that is recognised by a combination of base excision repair (BER) enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Gibney
- SSPC, the, Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Raphael E F de Paiva
- SSPC, the, Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Vandana Singh
- Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Robert Fox
- SSPC, the, Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Damien Thompson
- SSPC, the, Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Department of Physics, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Joseph Hennessy
- SSPC, the, Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Creina Slator
- SSPC, the, Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christine J McKenzie
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Pegah Johansson
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vickie McKee
- SSPC, the, Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Westerlund
- Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrew Kellett
- SSPC, the, Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland
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10
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Zhu J, Wang L, Yang Y, Han M, Yang Y, Feng R, Hu Y. Bruceine D and afatinib combination inhibits ovarian cancer cells proliferation and migration through DNA damage repair and EGFR pathway. J Investig Med 2023; 71:511-525. [PMID: 36859802 DOI: 10.1177/10815589231158043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the high rates of relapse and migration, ovarian cancer (OC) has been recognized as the most lethal gynecological malignancy worldwide. The activity of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway is frequently associated with OC cell proliferation and migration. Despite this knowledge, inhibition of EGFR signaling in OC patients failed to achieve satisfactory therapeutic effects. In this study, we identified that bruceine D (BD) and EGFR inhibitor, afatinib, combination resulted in synergistic anti-OC effects. The results indicated that compared with one of both drugs alone, the combination of BD and afatinib slowed the DNA replication rate, inhibition of cell viability, and proliferation and clone formation. This resulted in cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis. In addition, the combination of BD and afatinib possessed a stronger ability to inhibit the OC cell adhesion and migration than treatment with BD or afatinib alone. Mechanistically, the combined treatment triggered intense DNA damage, suppressed DNA damage repair, and enhanced the inhibition of the EGFR pathway. These results demonstrated that compared with each pathway inhibition, combined blocking of both DNA damage repair and the EGFR pathway appears to more effective against OC treatment. The results support the potential of BD and afatinib combination as a therapeutic strategy for OC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jufan Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Luo Wang
- Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanjun Yang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengfei Han
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiheng Yang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Renqian Feng
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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11
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Copp ME, Shine J, Brown HL, Nimmala KR, Chubinskaya S, Collins JA, Loeser RF, Diekman BO. SIRT6 activation rescues the age-related decline in DNA damage repair in primary human chondrocytes. bioRxiv 2023:2023.02.27.530205. [PMID: 36909504 PMCID: PMC10002640 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.27.530205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
While advanced age has long been recognized as the greatest risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA), the biological mechanisms behind this connection remain unclear. Previous work has demonstrated that chondrocytes from older cadaveric donors have elevated levels of DNA damage as compared to chondrocytes from younger donors. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a decline in DNA repair efficiency is one explanation for the accumulation of DNA damage with age, and to quantify the improvement in repair with activation of Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6). Using an acute irradiation model to bring the baseline level of all donors to the same starting point, this study demonstrates a decline in repair efficiency during aging when comparing chondrocytes from young (≤45 years old), middle-aged (50-65 years old), or older (>70 years old) cadaveric donors with no known history of OA or macroscopic cartilage degradation at isolation. Activation of SIRT6 in middle-aged chondrocytes with MDL-800 (20 μM) improved the repair efficiency, while inhibition with EX-527 (10 μM) inhibited the rate of repair and the increased the percentage of cells that retained high levels of damage. Treating chondrocytes from older donors with MDL-800 for 48 hours significantly reduced the amount of DNA damage, despite this damage having accumulated over decades. Lastly, chondrocytes isolated from the proximal femurs of mice between 4 months and 22 months of age revealed both an increase in DNA damage with aging, and a decrease in DNA damage following MDL-800 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela E Copp
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Jacqueline Shine
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Hannon L Brown
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Kirti R Nimmala
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Susan Chubinskaya
- Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - John A Collins
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University
| | - Richard F Loeser
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of North Carolina
| | - Brian O Diekman
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
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12
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Sabahi Z, Hasan SMF, Ayatollahi SA, Farmani F, Afsari A, Moein M. Improvement of Phenolic Compound Extraction by Using Ion Exchange Chromatography and Evaluation of Biological Activities of Polyphenol-enriched Fraction of Rosa canina Fruits. Iran J Pharm Res 2022; 21:e126558. [PMID: 36942078 PMCID: PMC10024319 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-126558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Rosa canina has been traditionally known as a medicinal plant. Different applications of fruits (Rose hip) comprise the food, perfume, and cosmetic industries. Objectives This study aimed to prepare an enriched polyphenolic fraction from Rosa canina in addition to its biological activities. Methods Poly phenolic enriched fraction was prepared using Amberlite XAD-7 for removing unwanted components. Phenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins content analyses showed that they increased significantly compared to the extract. HPLC analysis showed that this fraction is a rich source of ascorbic acid. Results The results of the DPPH, ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), ABTS, and nitric oxide assay confirmed that the antioxidant activities of the fraction had been increased compared to the extract. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay and cellular antioxidant activity of the fraction also confirmed its potential antioxidant activity. This fraction showed xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity at 100 µg/mL concentration. Comet assay analysis revealed that this fraction at 25 - 100 µg/mL concentrations inhibited H2O2 genotoxicity in human lymphocytes. Conclutions This study suggests that the fruit of Rosa canina could be considered as a potential antioxidant, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, and an antigenotoxic source, and the application of Amberlite XAD-7 improves extraction efficiencies through enrichment of phenolic compounds in this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Sabahi
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Muhammad Farid Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Seyed Abdulmajid Ayatollahi
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Farmani
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Afshin Afsari
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahmoodreza Moein
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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13
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Davis Sanders O, Rajagopal L, Chase Barton C, Archa Rajagopal J, Lopez O, Lopez K, Malik F. Does oxidative DNA damage trigger histotoxic hypoxia via PARP1/AMP-driven mitochondrial ADP depletion-induced ATP synthase inhibition in Alzheimer's disease? Mitochondrion 2022; 67:59-64. [PMID: 36367519 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The low cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen despite the relatively preserved perfusion in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients' medial temporal lobes suggest histotoxic hypoxia due to mitochondrial dysfunction that is independent of, but could precede, insulin resistance. Neuropathological, metabolomic, and preclinical evidence are consistent with the notion that this mitochondrial dysfunction may be contributed to by oxidative stress and DNA damage, leading to poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase-1 (PARP1) activation and consequent AMP accumulation, clogging of mitochondrial adenine nucleotide transporters (ANTs), matrix ADP deprivation, and ATP synthase inhibition. Complementary mechanisms may include mitochondrial-protein poly-ADP-ribosylation and mitochondrial-biogenesis suppression via PARPs outcompeting Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) for nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide (NAD+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Davis Sanders
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, 42(nd) and Emile St., Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Lekshmy Rajagopal
- Seven Hills Hospital, Marol Maroshi Rd, Shivaji Nagar JJC, Marol, Andheri East, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400059, India
| | - Chandler Chase Barton
- Oregon Health and Sciences University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Rd. Portland, Oregon 97239-3098, USA
| | | | - Olga Lopez
- Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Kalei Lopez
- Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Fayeza Malik
- Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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14
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Katagiri M, Yamada S, Katoh M, Ko T, Ito M, Komuro I. Heart Failure Pathogenesis Elucidation and New Treatment Method Development. JMA J 2022; 5:399-406. [PMID: 36407067 PMCID: PMC9646284 DOI: 10.31662/jmaj.2022-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of death worldwide. In Japan, the number of HF patients has increased with its aging population, resulting in "HF pandemic." HF is the final stage of various cardiovascular diseases, including valvular heart disease, ischemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, and hypertension. Cardiac hypertrophy is a compensatory response to increased workload and maintains cardiac function. Pressure overload due to mechanical stress causes cardiac hypertrophy, whereas continuous cardiac stress reduces wall thickness and consequently causes HF. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying this process is crucial to elucidate HF pathophysiology. We demonstrated that ischemia and DNA damage are important in the progression of hypertrophy to HF. Genetic mutations associated with cardiomyopathy and prognosis has been identified. To realize precision medicines for HF, the underlying molecular mechanisms need to be elucidated. In this review, we introduce new paradigms for understanding HF pathophysiology discovered through basic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikako Katagiri
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Yamada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manami Katoh
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Genome Science Laboratory, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ko
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masamichi Ito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Hirose W, Horiuchi M, Li D, Motoike IN, Zhang L, Nishi H, Taniyama Y, Kamei T, Suzuki M, Kinoshita K, Katsuoka F, Taguchi K, Yamamoto M. Selective Elimination of NRF2-Activated Cells by Competition With Neighboring Cells in the Esophageal Epithelium. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 15:153-178. [PMID: 36115578 PMCID: PMC9672893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a transcription factor that regulates cytoprotective gene expression in response to oxidative and electrophilic stresses. NRF2 activity is mainly controlled by Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1). Constitutive NRF2 activation by NRF2 mutations or KEAP1 dysfunction results in a poor prognosis for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) through the activation of cytoprotective functions. However, the detailed contributions of NRF2 to ESCC initiation or promotion have not been clarified. Here, we investigated the fate of NRF2-activated cells in the esophageal epithelium. METHODS We generated tamoxifen-inducible, squamous epithelium-specific Keap1 conditional knockout (Keap1-cKO) mice in which NRF2 was inducibly activated in a subset of cells at the adult stage. Histologic, quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, single-cell RNA-sequencing, and carcinogen experiments were conducted to analyze the Keap1-cKO esophagus. RESULTS KEAP1-deleted/NRF2-activated cells and cells with normal NRF2 expression (KEAP1-normal cells) coexisted in the Keap1-cKO esophageal epithelium in approximately equal numbers, and NRF2-activated cells formed dysplastic lesions. NRF2-activated cells exhibited weaker attachment to the basement membrane and gradually disappeared from the epithelium. In contrast, neighboring KEAP1-normal cells exhibited accelerated proliferation and started dominating the epithelium but accumulated DNA damage that triggered carcinogenesis upon carcinogen exposure. CONCLUSIONS Constitutive NRF2 activation promotes the selective elimination of epithelial cells via cell competition, but this competition induces DNA damage in neighboring KEAP1-normal cells, which predisposes them to chemical-induced ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Hirose
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan,Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Makoto Horiuchi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan,Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Donghan Li
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ikuko N. Motoike
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan,Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Lin Zhang
- Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hafumi Nishi
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan,Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yusuke Taniyama
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Kamei
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mikiko Suzuki
- Center for Radioisotope Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kengo Kinoshita
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan,Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan,Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next Generation Medicine (INGEM), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Fumiki Katsuoka
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan,Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next Generation Medicine (INGEM), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keiko Taguchi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan,Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan,Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next Generation Medicine (INGEM), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next Generation Medicine (INGEM), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
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16
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Holmes TH, Winn LM. DNA damage, DNA repair gene expression, and topoisomerase IIα activity in CD-1 mice following in utero benzene exposure. Toxicol Lett 2022; 368:47-55. [PMID: 35963423 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Benzene is an environmental toxicant and known human carcinogen. Recent epidemiological studies show a relationship between exposure to benzene in pregnant women and increased incidence of childhood leukemias. Studies in murine models demonstrate a relationship between carcinogenicity and in utero benzene exposure which was sex dependent, thus the cellular mechanisms of benzene toxicity by sex require further studies. A hypothesized mechanism of benzene-induced in utero carcinogenicity is through increased DNA damage and reduced fetal DNA repair capacity. This includes the potential inhibition of topoisomerase IIα (topo IIα), in part, to generate double stranded DNA (dsDNA) breaks and induction of error-prone DNA repair. Using a mouse model of transplacental benzene carcinogenicity, gestational day (GD) 14 fetal livers were harvested 2, 6, and 24 h following maternal exposure to 200 mg/kg benzene and used to assess DNA damage, DNA repair gene expression and topo IIα activity. DNA damage, measured by levels of modified histone H2AX (γH2AX), is significantly increased in benzene exposed pups, with sex-dependent significance seen only in female pups. Comet assay results confirmed that benzene exposure in utero induces dsDNA damage in the GD14 fetal liver. Genes involved in DNA repair were assessed, and DNA repair gene expression changes were observed after 24 h in genes related to nucleotide excision repair, homologous recombination, and non-homologous end-joining. There were no significant differences in topo IIα activity in GD14 fetal livers at any timepoint, or between sexes. Overall, this study shows that 200 mg/kg benzene exposure induces dsDNA damage and alters fetal DNA repair gene expression in utero, without perturbing fetal topo IIα in CD-1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trent H Holmes
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Louise M Winn
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada; School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada.
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17
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Jagadeesan SK, Potter T, Al-Gafari M, Hooshyar M, Hewapathirana CM, Takallou S, Hajikarimlou M, Burnside D, Samanfar B, Moteshareie H, Smith M, Golshani A. Discovery and identification of genes involved in DNA damage repair in yeast. Gene 2022; 831:146549. [PMID: 35569766 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
DNA repair defects are common in tumour cells and can lead to misrepair of double-strand breaks (DSBs), posing a significant challenge to cellular integrity. The overall mechanisms of DSB have been known for decades. However, the list of the genes that affect the efficiency of DSB repair continues to grow. Additional factors that play a role in DSB repair pathways have yet to be identified. In this study, we present a computational approach to identify novel gene functions that are involved in DNA damage repair in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Among the primary candidates, GAL7, YMR130W, and YHI9 were selected for further analysis since they had not previously been identified as being active in DNA repair pathways. Originally, GAL7 was linked to galactose metabolism. YHI9 and YMR130W encode proteins of unknown functions. Laboratory testing of deletion strains gal7Δ, ymr130wΔ, and yhi9Δ implicated all 3 genes in Homologous Recombination (HR) and/or Non-Homologous End Joining (NHEJ) repair pathways, and enhanced sensitivity to DNA damage-inducing drugs suggested involvement in the broader DNA damage repair machinery. A subsequent genetic interaction analysis revealed interconnections of these three genes, most strikingly through SIR2, SIR3 and SIR4 that are involved in chromatin regulation and DNA damage repair network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasi Kumar Jagadeesan
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Taylor Potter
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Mustafa Al-Gafari
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Mohsen Hooshyar
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | - Sarah Takallou
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Maryam Hajikarimlou
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Daniel Burnside
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Bahram Samanfar
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre (ORDC), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Houman Moteshareie
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Myron Smith
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Ashkan Golshani
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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18
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Chen J, Liu J, Zeng P, Zhao C, Liu X, Sun J, Wang J, Fang P, Chen W, Ding J. Estrogen and BRCA1 deficiency synergistically induce breast cancer mutation-related DNA damage. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 613:140-145. [PMID: 35561581 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.04.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen (E2) is crucial for the development of breast cancer caused by BRCA1 mutation, and can increase the DNA damage in BRCA1-deficient cells. However, the mechanisms through which BRCA1 deficiency and E2 synergistically induce DNA damage remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed the distribution of DNA damage in E2-treated BRCA1-deficient cells. We detected DNA lesions in the vicinity of genes that are transcriptionally activated by estrogen receptor-α (ER). Loss of BRCA1 altered chromatin binding by ER, which significantly affected the distribution of DNA damage. Moreover, these changes were associated with the established mutations in BRCA1-mutant breast cancer. Taken together, our findings reveal a new mechanism underlying the DNA damage in breast cancer cells that is synergistically induced by BRCA1 deficiency and E2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Chen
- Vaccine Research Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China; Department of Cell Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jingxin Liu
- Vaccine Research Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China; Department of Cell Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Pengguihang Zeng
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Cai Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Guangzhou Medical University-Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Peihang Fang
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Vaccine Research Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Junjun Ding
- Vaccine Research Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China; Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China; Department of Cell Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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19
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Moretton A, Slyskova J, Simaan ME, Arasa-Verge EA, Meyenberg M, Cerrón-Infantes DA, Unterlass MM, Loizou JI. Clickable Cisplatin Derivatives as Versatile Tools to Probe the DNA Damage Response to Chemotherapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:874201. [PMID: 35719993 PMCID: PMC9202558 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.874201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin induces DNA crosslinks that are highly cytotoxic. Hence, platinum complexes are frequently used in the treatment of a broad range of cancers. Efficiency of cisplatin treatment is limited by the tumor-specific DNA damage response to the generated lesions. We reasoned that better tools to investigate the repair of DNA crosslinks induced by cisplatin would therefore be highly useful in addressing drug limitations. Here, we synthesized a series of cisplatin derivatives that are compatible with click chemistry, thus allowing visualization and isolation of DNA-platinum crosslinks from cells to study cellular responses. We prioritized one alkyne and one azide Pt(II) derivative, Pt-alkyne-53 and Pt-azide-64, for further biological characterization. We demonstrate that both compounds bind DNA and generate DNA lesions and that the viability of treated cells depends on the active DNA repair machinery. We also show that the compounds are clickable with both a fluorescent probe as well as biotin, thus they can be visualized in cells, and their ability to induce crosslinks in genomic DNA can be quantified. Finally, we show that Pt-alkyne-53 can be used to identify DNA repair proteins that bind within its proximity to facilitate its removal from DNA. The compounds we report here can be used as valuable experimental tools to investigate the DNA damage response to platinum complexes and hence might shed light on mechanisms of chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Moretton
- Center for Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jana Slyskova
- Center for Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marwan E Simaan
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Materials Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emili A Arasa-Verge
- Center for Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathilde Meyenberg
- Center for Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - D Alonso Cerrón-Infantes
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Materials Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Chemistry, Solid State Chemistry, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Miriam M Unterlass
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Materials Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Chemistry, Solid State Chemistry, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Joanna I Loizou
- Center for Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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20
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Van Ravenstein SX, Mehta KP, Kavlashvili T, Byl JAW, Zhao R, Osheroff N, Cortez D, Dewar JM. Topoisomerase II poisons inhibit vertebrate DNA replication through distinct mechanisms. EMBO J 2022; 41:e110632. [PMID: 35578785 PMCID: PMC9194788 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022110632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Topoisomerase II (TOP2) unlinks chromosomes during vertebrate DNA replication. TOP2 "poisons" are widely used chemotherapeutics that stabilize TOP2 complexes on DNA, leading to cytotoxic DNA breaks. However, it is unclear how these drugs affect DNA replication, which is a major target of TOP2 poisons. Using Xenopus egg extracts, we show that the TOP2 poisons etoposide and doxorubicin both inhibit DNA replication through different mechanisms. Etoposide induces TOP2-dependent DNA breaks and TOP2-dependent fork stalling by trapping TOP2 behind replication forks. In contrast, doxorubicin does not lead to appreciable break formation and instead intercalates into parental DNA to stall replication forks independently of TOP2. In human cells, etoposide stalls forks in a TOP2-dependent manner, while doxorubicin stalls forks independently of TOP2. However, both drugs exhibit TOP2-dependent cytotoxicity. Thus, etoposide and doxorubicin inhibit DNA replication through distinct mechanisms despite shared genetic requirements for cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kavi P Mehta
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Tamar Kavlashvili
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jo Ann W Byl
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Runxiang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Neil Osheroff
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David Cortez
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James M Dewar
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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21
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Mustafa E, Makinistian L, Luukkonen J, Juutilainen J, Naarala J. Do 50/60 Hz magnetic fields influence oxidative or DNA damage responses in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells? Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 98:1581-1591. [PMID: 35320060 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2055803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: We investigated possible effects of 50 Hz and 60 Hz magnetic fields (MFs) on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, DNA damage, DNA damage repair rate, as well as gene expression related to oxidative stress and DNA damage signaling.Materials and methods: Human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were sham-exposed or exposed to 100 µTRMS MFs for 24 h, then assayed or further treated with 100 µM menadione for 1 h before the assay. The levels of ROS and cytosolic superoxide anion (O2•-) were assayed fluorometrically. DNA damage and gene expression were assayed by comet assay and RT-qPCR, respectively. To examine whether MFs affected DNA damage repair rate, cells were allowed to repair their DNA for 1 or 2 h after menadione treatment and then assayed for DNA damage.Results: There was suggestive evidence of a general low-magnitude increase in the expression of ROS-related genes (primarily genes with antioxidant activity) when quantified immediately after MF exposure, suggesting a response to a small increase in ROS level. The possible upregulation of ROS-related genes is supported by the finding that the level of menadione-induced ROS was consistently decreased by 50 Hz MFs (not significantly by 60 Hz MFs) in several measurements 30 - 60 min after MF exposure. MF exposures did not affect cytosolic O2•- levels, DNA damage, or its repair rate. Changes in the expression of DNA damage-signaling genes in the MF-exposed cells did not exceed the expected rate of false positive findings. No firm evidence was found for differential effects from 50 Hz vs. 60 Hz MFs.Conclusions: While only weak effects were found on the endpoints measured, the results are consistent with MF effects on ROS signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab Mustafa
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Leonardo Makinistian
- Department of Physics and Institute of Applied Physics (INFAP), Universidad Nacional de San Luis-CONICET, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Jukka Luukkonen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jukka Juutilainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jonne Naarala
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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22
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Lihui X, Xiaojie Q, Hao Y, Jialiang C, Jinming G, Ying C. Albicanol modulates oxidative stress and the p53 axis to suppress profenofos induced genotoxicity in grass carp hepatocytes. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 122:325-333. [PMID: 35143987 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The organophosphorus pesticide profenofos (PFF) is widely used as an environmental contaminant, and it can remain in water bodies causing serious harm to aquatic organisms. Albicanol is a sesquiterpenoid with potent antioxidant and antagonistic activities against heavy metal toxicity. However, the mechanism of PFF induced genotoxicity in fish hepatocytes and the role Albicanol can play in this process are unknown. In this study, the model was established by treating grass carp hepatocytes with PFF (150 μM) and/or Albicanol (5 × 10-5 μg mL-1) for 24 h. The results showed that PFF exposure arrested L8824 cells in the G1-S phase. PFF caused the increase of MDA level in L8824 cells, while the decrease of SOD, CAT and T-AOC levels caused oxidative stress. Elevated levels of γH2AX, tail moment, tail length, % DNA and 8-OHdG indicated that PFF caused DNA damage in L8824 cells. PFF inhibited the expression levels of cell cycle related regulatory genes (cyclin A, cyclin D, cyclin E, CDK2 and CDK4) by upregulating p53/p21 genes and activating the p53 signaling pathway. Albicanol was used to significantly reduce the above effects caused by PFF exposure on hepatocytes in grass carp. Albicanol could reduce the increase in the proportion of cells in the G1-S phase caused by PFF. In summary, Albicanol could inhibit the genotoxicity of L8824 cells resulted from PFF exposure by decreasing oxidative stress and the p53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Lihui
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Qiu Xiaojie
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yu Hao
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Chu Jialiang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Guo Jinming
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Chang Ying
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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23
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Yu D, Fan H, Sun J, Xue L, Wang L, Jia Y, Tian J, Sun H. Phenyl Selenide-Based Precursors as Hydrogen Peroxide Inducible DNA Interstrand Cross-Linkers. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200086. [PMID: 35224848 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) are highly toxic DNA lesions, and induce cell death by blocking DNA strands separation. Most developed ICL agents, aiming to kill cancer cells, also generate adverse side effects to normal cells. H2O2-inducible DNA ICL agents are highly selective to target cancer cells, as the concentration of H2O2 is higher in cancer cells than normal cells. Previous studies focus on arylboronate-based precursors, reacting with H2O2 to generate reactive quinone methides (QMs) crosslinking DNA. Here we explore phenyl selenide-based precursors 1-3 as H2O2-inducible DNA ICL agents. The precursors 1-3 can be activated by H2O2 to generate the good benzylic leaving group and promote production of reactive QMs to crosslink DNA. Moreover, the DNA cross-linking ability is enhanced by the introduction of substituents in the para position of the phenolic hydroxyl group. From the substituents explored (H, OMe, F), the introduction of electron donating group (OMe) shows a pronounced elevating effect. Further mechanistic studies at the molecular and DNA levels confirm alkylation sites located mainly at dAs, dCs and dGs in DNA. Additionally, cellular experiments reveal that agents 1-3 exhibit higher cytotoxicity toward H1299 human lung cancer cells compared to clinically used drugs, by inducing cellular DNA damage, apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. This study provides a strategy to develop H2O2-inducible DNA interstrand cross-linkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehao Yu
- Tianjin Medical University, Pharmacy, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, 300070, Tianjin, CHINA
| | - Heli Fan
- Tianjin Medical University, Pharmacy, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, 300070, Tianjin, CHINA
| | - Jing Sun
- Tianjin Medical University, Pharmacy, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, 300070, Tianjin, CHINA
| | - Li Xue
- Tianjin Medical University, Pharmacy, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, 300070, Tianjin, CHINA
| | - Luo Wang
- Tianjin Medical University, Pharmacy, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, 300070, Tianjin, CHINA
| | - Yuanyuan Jia
- Tianjin Medical University, Pharmacy, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, 300070, Tianjin, CHINA
| | - Junyu Tian
- Tianjin Medical University, Pharmacy, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, 300070, Tianjin, CHINA
| | - Huabing Sun
- Tianjin Medical University, Pharmacy, 22 Qixiangtai Road, 300070, Tianjin, CHINA
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24
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Soylemez E, Ozcagli E, Korkmaz S, Tok OE, Aydin MS, Omurtag GZ. The modulation of oxidative stress and DNA damage to radiology technicians by repair enzymes XRCC1 and XRCC3 The association of oxidative stress and DNA damage with XRCC1 and XRCC3 polymorphisms in radiology technicians. Toxicol Ind Health 2022; 38:70-79. [PMID: 35191782 DOI: 10.1177/07482337211062680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation has widespread use in medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of many medical conditions. Radiology technicians are one group that is occupationally exposed to low doses of radiation. There are questions regarding whether low dose exposure to radiation could have long-term health consequences. Assessing the effect of radiation on genetic material is essential for appraising long-term health results. Hereditary variations in DNA repair genes cause differentiation in individual responses to radiation related health effects. This study aimed to determine oxidative stress and DNA damage, and their relationship to XRCC1 (Arg399Gln) and XRCC3 (Thr241Met) polymorphisms in radiology technicians occupationally exposed to low dose radiation. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 45 radiology technicians and age-matched with 40 healthy control individuals working in office environments. Our results showed that radiology technicians had significantly greater oxidative stress and DNA damage than the control group, and women appeared more susceptible to occupational radiation exposure than men. Individuals with wild-type genotypes for XRCC1 (Arg/Arg) and XRCC3 (Thr/Thr) had less DNA damage. Lower DNA damage levels could be explained by the enhanced capacity to repair low dose radiation induced DNA damage. Further studies are needed to evaluate the role of DNA repair genes in individuals that are occupationally exposed to low dose radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esma Soylemez
- Department of Pharmacology, 498029Pendik Veterinary Control Institute, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Eren Ozcagli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 369917İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Serol Korkmaz
- Department of Virology, 498029Pendik Veterinary Control Institute, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Olgu Enis Tok
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, 218502İstanbul Medipol University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Serif Aydin
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center, 472602İstanbul Medipol University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulden Zehra Omurtag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 218502İstanbul Medipol University, İstanbul, Turkey
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25
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Lowder D, Rizwan K, McColl C, Paparella A, Ittmann M, Mitsiades N, Kaochar S. Racial disparities in prostate cancer: A complex interplay between socioeconomic inequities and genomics. Cancer Lett 2022:S0304-3835(22)00044-1. [PMID: 35122875 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The largest US cancer health disparity exists in prostate cancer, with Black men having more than a two-fold increased risk of dying from prostate cancer compared to all other races. This disparity is a result of a complex network of factors including socioeconomic status (SES), environmental exposures, and genetics/biology. Inequity in the US healthcare system has emerged as a major driver of disparity in prostate cancer outcomes and has raised concerns that the actual incidence rates may be higher than current estimates. However, emerging studies argue that equalizing healthcare access will not fully eliminate racial health disparities and highlight the important role of biology. Significant differences have been observed in prostate cancer biology between various ancestral groups that may contribute to prostate cancer health disparities. These differences include enhanced androgen receptor signaling, increased genomic instability, metabolic dysregulation, and enhanced inflammatory and cytokine signaling. Immediate actions are needed to increase the establishment of adequate infrastructure and multi-center, interdisciplinary research to bridge the gap between social and biological determinants of prostate cancer health disparities.
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26
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Sanders OD, Rajagopal L, Rajagopal JA. The oxidatively damaged DNA and amyloid-β oligomer hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 179:403-412. [PMID: 34506904 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomer hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) still dominates the field, yet the clinical trial evidence does not robustly support it. A falsifiable prediction of the hypothesis is that Aβ oligomer levels should be elevated in the brain regions and at the disease stages where and when neuron death and synaptic protein loss begin and are the most severe, but we review previous evidence to demonstrate that this is not consistently the case. To rescue the Aβ oligomer hypothesis from falsification, we propose the novel ad-hoc hypothesis that the exceptionally vulnerable hippocampus may normally produce Aβ peptides even in healthily aging individuals, and hippocampal oxidatively damaged DNA, pathogen DNA, and metal ions such as zinc may initiate and drive Aβ peptide aggregation into oligomers and spreading, neuron death, synaptic dysfunction, and other aspects of AD neurodegeneration. We highlight additional evidence consistent with the underwhelming efficacy of Aβ oligomer-lowering agents, such as aducanumab, and of antioxidants, such as vitamin E, versus the so far isolated case report that DNase-I treatment for 2 months resulted in a severe AD patient's Mini-Mental State Exam score increasing from 3 to 18, reversing his diagnosis to moderate AD, according to the Mini-Mental State Exam.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lekshmy Rajagopal
- Seven Hills Hospital, Marol Maroshi Rd, Shivaji Nagar JJC, Marol, Andheri East, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400059, India
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27
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Welz L, Kakavand N, Hang X, Laue G, Ito G, Silva MG, Plattner C, Mishra N, Tengen F, Ogris C, Jesinghaus M, Wottawa F, Arnold P, Kaikkonen L, Stengel S, Tran F, Das S, Kaser A, Trajanoski Z, Blumberg R, Roecken C, Saur D, Tschurtschenthaler M, Schreiber S, Rosenstiel P, Aden K. Epithelial X-Box Binding Protein 1 Coordinates Tumor Protein p53-Driven DNA Damage Responses and Suppression of Intestinal Carcinogenesis. Gastroenterology 2022; 162:223-237.e11. [PMID: 34599932 PMCID: PMC8678303 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Throughout life, the intestinal epithelium undergoes constant self-renewal from intestinal stem cells. Together with genotoxic stressors and failing DNA repair, this self-renewal causes susceptibility toward malignant transformation. X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) is a stress sensor involved in the unfolded protein response (UPR). We hypothesized that XBP1 acts as a signaling hub to regulate epithelial DNA damage responses. METHODS Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas were analyzed for association of XBP1 with colorectal cancer (CRC) survival and molecular interactions between XBP1 and p53 pathway activity. The role of XBP1 in orchestrating p53-driven DNA damage response was tested in vitro in mouse models of chronic intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) DNA damage (Xbp1/H2bfl/fl, Xbp1ΔIEC, H2bΔIEC, H2b/Xbp1ΔIEC) and via orthotopic tumor organoid transplantation. Transcriptome analysis of intestinal organoids was performed to identify molecular targets of Xbp1-mediated DNA damage response. RESULTS In The Cancer Genome Atlas data set of CRC, low XBP1 expression was significantly associated with poor overall survival and reduced p53 pathway activity. In vivo, H2b/Xbp1ΔIEC mice developed spontaneous intestinal carcinomas. Orthotopic tumor organoid transplantation revealed a metastatic potential of H2b/Xbp1ΔIEC-derived tumors. RNA sequencing of intestinal organoids (H2b/Xbp1fl/fl, H2bΔIEC, H2b/Xbp1ΔIEC, and H2b/p53ΔIEC) identified a transcriptional program downstream of p53, in which XBP1 directs DNA-damage-inducible transcript 4-like (Ddit4l) expression. DDIT4L inhibits mechanistic target of rapamycin-mediated phosphorylation of 4E-binding protein 1. Pharmacologic mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibition suppressed epithelial hyperproliferation via 4E-binding protein 1. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest a crucial role for XBP1 in coordinating epithelial DNA damage responses and stem cell function via a p53-DDIT4L-dependent feedback mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Welz
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine I, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nassim Kakavand
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Xiang Hang
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Georg Laue
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Go Ito
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miguel Gomes Silva
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Plattner
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Neha Mishra
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Felicitas Tengen
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Ogris
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz Jesinghaus
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Felix Wottawa
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Philipp Arnold
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Leena Kaikkonen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stefanie Stengel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Florian Tran
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine I, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Saumya Das
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Arthur Kaser
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Zlatko Trajanoski
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Richard Blumberg
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christoph Roecken
- Department of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dieter Saur
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Tschurtschenthaler
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine I, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Konrad Aden
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine I, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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28
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Alagia A, Ketley RF, Gullerova M. Proximity Ligation Assay for Detection of R-Loop Complexes upon DNA Damage. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2528:289-303. [PMID: 35704199 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2477-7_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In situ Proximity Ligation Assay (PLA ) can be used to detect the close proximity (less than ~40 nm) of two biological molecules of interest in cells. Here we report the application of this method for the specific detection of R-loop interacting proteins and RNA modifications in close proximity to R-loops in non-damage and ionizing radiation (IR) induced DNA damage conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Alagia
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ruth F Ketley
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Monika Gullerova
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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29
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Abstract
The genome of a living cell is continuously damaged by various exogenous and endogenous factors yielding multiple types of DNA damage including base damage and damage to the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA. Double Strand Breaks (DSBs) are the most severe form of DNA damage and if left unchecked, may precipitate genomic rearrangements, cell death or contribute to malignancy. In clinical contexts, radiation is often used to induce DSBs as a form of genotoxic therapy. Despite the importance of DSBs and their repair, as yet there is no facile assay to detect DSBs in situ or to quantify their location or proximity to other cellular constituents. Such an assay would help to disentangle DDR signaling pathways and identify new molecular players involved in DSB repair. These efforts, in turn, may facilitate drug screening and accelerate the discovery of novel, more effective genotoxic agents. We have developed such an assay, presented here, and term it TdT-dUTP DSB End Labeling (TUDEL).TUDEL makes use of Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase (TdT), a template-independent DNA polymerase. TdT is commonly used in TUNEL assays to yield a binary output of DNA damage. We have adapted this approach, using TdT and EdUTP to label individual DNA double strand breaks in irradiated cells and detecting the incorporated EdU with fluorescent probes via Click chemistry. This tool complements and is compatible with existing, indirect methods to track DSBs such as immunofluorescent detection of γH2AX. TUDEL is also sufficiently specific, sensitive, quantitative, and robust to replace the neutral Comet assay for routine measurement of DSB formation and repair. Here we present a protocol for TUDEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Lutze
- The Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sara E Warrington
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stephen J Kron
- The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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30
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DuRoss AN, Landry MR, Thomas CR, Neufeld MJ, Sun C. Preclinical data on co-delivery of temozolomide and talazoparib by fucodain-coated nanoscale metal organic frameworks for colorectal cancer chemoradiation. Data Brief 2021; 38:107394. [PMID: 34632011 PMCID: PMC8488234 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.107394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle characterization and in vitro data on the effects of combined PARP inhibition and DNA damage by chemoradiation are shown. This data accompanies the research article “Fucoidan-coated nanoparticles target radiation-induced P-selectin to enhance chemoradiotherapy in murine colorectal cancer” (DuRoss et al., 2021) Additional characterization of the physiochemical properties of nanoscale metal organic frameworks (nMOFs) comprised of hafnium and 1,4-dicarboxybenzene (Hf-BDC) loaded with temozolomide (TMZ) and talazoparib (Tal) are presented. Toxicity data of the drug-loaded nMOF coated with fucoidan (TT@Hf-BDC-Fuco) in colorectal cancer cells, CT-26, from alamarBlue-based chemoradiation experiments are shown. Experimental methods for the nanoparticle characterization and cell-based assays of the nMOF formulation are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison N DuRoss
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, 2730 SW Moody Ave, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Madeleine R Landry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, 2730 SW Moody Ave, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Charles R Thomas
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Radiation Oncology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Megan J Neufeld
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, 2730 SW Moody Ave, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Conroy Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, 2730 SW Moody Ave, Portland, OR 97201, USA.,Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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31
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Ainsbury EA, Barnard SGR. Sensitivity and latency of ionising radiation-induced cataract. Exp Eye Res 2021; 212:108772. [PMID: 34562436 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
When managed with appropriate radiation protection procedures, ionising radiation is of great benefit to society. Opacification of the lens, and vision impairing cataract, have recently been recognised at potential effects of relatively low dose radiation exposure, on the order of 1 Gy or below. Within the last 10 years, understanding of the effects of low dose ionising radiation on the lens has increased, particularly in terms of DNA damage and responses, and how multiple radiation or other events in the lens might contribute to the overall risk of cataract. However, gaps remain, not least in the understanding of how radiation interacts with other risk factors such as aging, as well as the relative radiosensitivity of the lens compared to tissues of the body. This paper reviews the current literature in the field of low dose radiation cataract, with a particular focus on sensitivity and latency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Ainsbury
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, Didcot Oxford, OX11 ORQ, UK.
| | - Stephen G R Barnard
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, Didcot Oxford, OX11 ORQ, UK.
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32
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von Rosen T, Keller LM, Weber-Ban E. Survival in Hostile Conditions: Pupylation and the Proteasome in Actinobacterial Stress Response Pathways. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:685757. [PMID: 34179091 PMCID: PMC8223512 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.685757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria employ a multitude of strategies to cope with the challenges they face in their natural surroundings, be it as pathogens, commensals or free-living species in rapidly changing environments like soil. Mycobacteria and other Actinobacteria acquired proteasomal genes and evolved a post-translational, ubiquitin-like modification pathway called pupylation to support their survival under rapidly changing conditions and under stress. The proteasomal 20S core particle (20S CP) interacts with ring-shaped activators like the hexameric ATPase Mpa that recruits pupylated substrates. The proteasomal subunits, Mpa and pupylation enzymes are encoded in the so-called Pup-proteasome system (PPS) gene locus. Genes in this locus become vital for bacteria to survive during periods of stress. In the successful human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the 20S CP is essential for survival in host macrophages. Other members of the PPS and proteasomal interactors are crucial for cellular homeostasis, for example during the DNA damage response, iron and copper regulation, and heat shock. The multiple pathways that the proteasome is involved in during different stress responses suggest that the PPS plays a vital role in bacterial protein quality control and adaptation to diverse challenging environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana von Rosen
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lena Ml Keller
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eilika Weber-Ban
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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33
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Wils RS, Jacobsen NR, Vogel U, Roursgaard M, Møller P. Inflammatory response, reactive oxygen species production and DNA damage in mice after intrapleural exposure to carbon nanotubes. Toxicol Sci 2021; 183:184-194. [PMID: 34086969 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are speculated to cause mesothelioma by persistent inflammation, oxidative stress, tissue injury and genotoxicity. To investigate pleural response to CNTs, we exposed C57BL/6 mice by intrapleural injection of 0.2 or 5 µg multi-walled CNTs (MWCNT-7, NM-401 and NM-403) or single-walled CNTs (NM-411). Inflammatory response, cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production of pleural lavage cells and genotoxicity in cells from the mesothelial surface were assessed at day 1 and 90 after the exposure. Long and rigid types of MWCNTs (MWCNT-7 and NM-401) caused acute inflammation, characterized by influx of macrophages, neutrophils and eosinophils into the pleural cavity. The inflammation was still evident at 90 days after the exposure, although it had reduced dramatically. The cellular ROS production was increased at day 90 after the exposure to MWCNT-7 and NM-401. The short and tangled type of MWCNT (i.e. NM-403) did not cause pleural inflammation or ROS production in pleural fluid cells. The exposure to NM-411 did not cause consistent inflammation responses or cellular ROS production. Levels of DNA strand breaks and DNA oxidation damage were unaltered, except for NM-411-exposed mice that had increased level of DNA strand breaks at 90 days after the exposure. In conclusion, the long and rigid CNTs caused prolonged inflammatory response and increased ROS production in pleural lavage cells, yet it was not reflected in higher levels of DNA damage in pleural tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regitze Sølling Wils
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark.,The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkalle 105, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Nicklas Raun Jacobsen
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkalle 105, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Ulla Vogel
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkalle 105, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.,Department of Health Tech, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Martin Roursgaard
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark
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34
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Çobanoğlu H, Belivermiş M, Sıkdokur E, Kılıç Ö, Çayır A. Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of polyethylene microplastics on human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Chemosphere 2021; 272:129805. [PMID: 35534956 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Currently, we need emerging initial data regarding how plastic exposures affect cellular and molecular components and how such interactions will be crucial for human health. We aimed to determine the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of microplastic (MPs,10-45 μm, polyethylene) on human peripheral lymphocytes by using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN) assay, which is a comprehensive method to reveal a range of mechanisms, not only diseases but also response to environmental exposures. We measured micronucleation (MN), nucleoplasmic bridge formation (NPB), and nuclear bud formation (NBUD) in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. We also measured the cytokinesis-block proliferation index (CBPI) to calculate cytostasis, which indicates cytotoxicity in lymphocytes treated with five different MPs concentrations for 48 h. Even lower concentrations of MPs increased the level of genomic instability. We found that the in vitro MP exposure significantly increased MN, NPB, and NBUD frequencies. Since we investigated the effect of larger particles relative to the lymphocytes, mechanic interaction of MPs with cells, the release of monomer and additives from MPs could be suggested as possible mechanisms accounting for increasing genomic instabilities. We did not observe a decrease in the cell proliferation index, indicating a lack of MPs' cytotoxic potential. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to identify MPs' genotoxic potential in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. We suggested further studies to investigate the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of smaller plastics and the chronic effect of MP on the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayal Çobanoğlu
- Health Services Vocational College, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Murat Belivermiş
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ercan Sıkdokur
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Önder Kılıç
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Akın Çayır
- Health Services Vocational College, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100, Çanakkale, Turkey.
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35
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Hosseini M, Alsadat Hashemi SV, Bagheri MH, Tavalaee M, Seifati SM, Zohrabi D, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Effect of Low-Intensity Endurance Training and High-Intensity Interval Training on Sperm Quality in Male Rats with Fatty Liver. Int J Fertil Steril 2021; 15:141-147. [PMID: 33687168 PMCID: PMC8052797 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2020.134593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background We aimed to investigate the effect of low-intensity endurance training (LIET) and high-intensity inter-
val training (HIIT) on sperm parameters, chromatin status, and oxidative stress in a rat model of non-alcoholic fatty
liver disease (NAFLD). Materials and Methods For this experimental study, we divided 40 male Wistar rats into four groups (control, sham,
HIIT and LIET) according to diet treatment and exercise training protocol. Liver triglycerides, sperm parameters,
sperm lipid peroxidation (BODIPY C11 probe) and chromatin status [chromomycin A3 (CMA3)], and acridine orange
[AO] staining) were assessed in these groups at the end of the study. Results The mean liver triglyceride values significantly improved in both the LIET and HIIT groups compared to
the control and sham groups. The mean of testicular volume, sperm concentration, motility, intensity of sperm lipid
peroxidation and DNA damage were similar within groups. While, the mean percentage of sperm lipid peroxidation
and protamine deficiency were significantly higher in the LIET and HIIT groups compared to the control group. Conclusion Both LIET and HIIT in the rat NAFLD model had no adverse effects on testicular morphometric param-
eters, sperm concentration, motility, and DNA integrity. However, the mean sperm lipid peroxidation and protamine
deficiency were significantly higher in both exercise groups. Our study suggests that exercise or antioxidant supple-
mentation could minimise the adverse effects of oxidant by-products of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Hosseini
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Nour Danesh Institute of Higher Education, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyyed Vajiheh Alsadat Hashemi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.,Biology Department, Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Ashkezar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ashkezar, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Bagheri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Tavalaee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Morteza Seifati
- Biology Department, Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Ashkezar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ashkezar, Yazd, Iran
| | - Dina Zohrabi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Nour Danesh Institute of Higher Education, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
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36
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Buitrago-Molina LE, Marhenke S, Becker D, Geffers R, Itzel T, Teufel A, Jaeschke H, Lechel A, Unger K, Markovic J, Sharma AD, Marquardt JU, Saborowski M, Saborowski A, Vogel A. p53-Independent Induction of p21 Fails to Control Regeneration and Hepatocarcinogenesis in a Murine Liver Injury Model. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 11:1387-1404. [PMID: 33484913 PMCID: PMC8024980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS A coordinated stress and regenerative response is important after hepatocyte damage. Here, we investigate the phenotypes that result from genetic abrogation of individual components of the checkpoint kinase 2/transformation-related protein 53 (p53)/cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21) pathway in a murine model of metabolic liver injury. METHODS Nitisinone was reduced or withdrawn in Fah-/- mice lacking Chk2, p53, or p21, and survival, tumor development, liver injury, and regeneration were analyzed. Partial hepatectomies were performed and mice were challenged with the Fas antibody Jo2. RESULTS In a model of metabolic liver injury, loss of p53, but not Chk2, impairs the oxidative stress response and aggravates liver damage, indicative of a direct p53-dependent protective effect on hepatocytes. Cell-cycle control during chronic liver injury critically depends on the presence of both p53 and its downstream effector p21. In p53-deficient hepatocytes, unchecked proliferation occurs despite a strong induction of p21, showing a complex interdependency between p21 and p53. The increased regenerative potential in the absence of p53 cannot fully compensate the surplus injury and is not sufficient to promote survival. Despite the distinct phenotypes associated with the loss of individual components of the DNA damage response, gene expression patterns are dominated by the severity of liver injury, but reflect distinct effects of p53 on proliferation and the anti-oxidative stress response. CONCLUSIONS Characteristic phenotypes result from the genetic abrogation of individual components of the DNA damage-response cascade in a liver injury model. The extent to which loss of gene function can be compensated, or affects injury and proliferation, is related to the level at which the cascade is interrupted. Accession numbers of repository for expression microarray data: GSE156983, GSE156263, GSE156852, and GSE156252.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silke Marhenke
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Diana Becker
- First Department of Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Robert Geffers
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Timo Itzel
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Teufel
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - André Lechel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kristian Unger
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jovana Markovic
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Amar Deep Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jens U. Marquardt
- First Department of Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Michael Saborowski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna Saborowski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Arndt Vogel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Arndt Vogel, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany. fax: (49) 5115328392.
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37
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Irrazabal T, Thakur BK, Croitoru K, Martin A. Preventing Colitis-Associated Colon Cancer With Antioxidants: A Systematic Review. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 11:1177-1197. [PMID: 33418102 PMCID: PMC7907812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients have an increased risk of developing colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC); however, the basis for inflammation-induced genetic damage requisite for neoplasia is unclear. Several studies have shown that IBD patients have signs of increased oxidative damage, which could be a result of genetic and environmental factors such as an excess in oxidant molecules released during chronic inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, a failure in antioxidant capacity, or oxidant promoting diets. It has been suggested that chronic oxidative environment in the intestine leads to the DNA lesions that precipitate colon carcinogenesis in IBD patients. Indeed, several preclinical and clinical studies show that different endogenous and exogenous antioxidant molecules are effective at reducing oxidation in the intestine. However, most clinical studies have focused on the short-term effects of antioxidants in IBD patients but not in CAC. This review article examines the role of oxidative DNA damage as a possible precipitating event in CAC in the context of chronic intestinal inflammation and the potential role of exogenous antioxidants to prevent these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bhupesh K Thakur
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kenneth Croitoru
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alberto Martin
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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38
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Kitabatake K, Kaji T, Tsukimoto M. ATP and ADP enhance DNA damage repair in γ-irradiated BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cells through activation of P2X7 and P2Y12 receptors. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 407:115240. [PMID: 32941855 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Agents that promote DNA repair may be useful as radioprotectants to minimize side effects such as radiation pneumonia caused by damage to normal cells during radiation therapy to treat lung cancer. We have reported that extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides are involved in the P2 or P1 receptor-mediated DNA damage response (DDR) after γ-irradiation. Here, we investigated the effects of ATP, UTP, GTP, ITP and their metabolites on the γH2AX/53BP1 focus formation in nuclei (a measure of γ-irradiation-induced DDR) and the survival of γ-irradiated immortalized human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells. Fluorescence immunostaining showed that ATP and ADP increase DDR and DNA repair, and exhibit radioprotective effects as evaluated by colony formation assay. These effects of ATP or ADP were blocked by inhibitors of P2X7 or P2Y12 receptor, respectively, and by ERK1/2 inhibitor. ATP and ADP enhanced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 by suppressing MKP-1 and MKP-3 expression after γ-irradiation. These results indicate that ATP and ADP exhibit radioprotective effects by phosphorylation of ERK1/2 via activation of P2X7 and P2Y12 receptors, respectively, to promote γ-irradiation-induced DDR and DNA repair. ATP and ADP appear to be candidates for radioprotectants to reduce damage to non-cancerous cells during lung cancer radiotherapy by promoting DDR and DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Kitabatake
- Department of Radiation Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kaji
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Tsukimoto
- Department of Radiation Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-0022, Japan.
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39
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Dakup PP, Porter KI, Gaddameedhi S. The circadian clock protects against acute radiation-induced dermatitis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 399:115040. [PMID: 32422325 PMCID: PMC10523357 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced dermatitis is a common occurrence in cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy (RT) and is caused when ionizing radiation (IR) induces DNA strand breaks in skin cells. The wide use of RT in cancer treatments makes it important to minimize RT-induced toxicities including radiodermatitis. This study sought to determine if the circadian clock plays a protective role in minimizing radiodermatitis. We treated mice in control (Day Shift), environmentally-disrupted (Rotating Shift) and genetically-disrupted (Per 1/2-/-) circadian conditions with 6 Gy of IR to the whole body. There was a significantly increased number of radiodermatitis spots on mice with circadian clock disruption compared to control mice. Additionally, circadian clock disrupted mice exhibited reduced protein levels of Bmal1, a phenomenon that sensitized circadian synchronized keratinocytes to IR-induced DNA damage. Furthermore, the skin phenotype results corresponded with significantly reduced body weights and increased genomic DNA damage in blood cells of mice with clock disruption compared to control mice. These findings suggest that the circadian clock plays a protective role in IR-induced DNA damage and skin toxicity, possibly through BMAL1-dependent mechanisms, and potentially impacts RT-associated radiodermatitis in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panshak P Dakup
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States of America
| | - Kenneth I Porter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States of America
| | - Shobhan Gaddameedhi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States of America; Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States of America.
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Silva MA, Souza TG, Melo MEG, Silva JM, Lima JR, Lira AFA, de Aguiar-Júnior FCA, Martins RD, Jorge RJB, Chagas CA, Teixeira VW, Teixeira ÁAC. Tityus stigmurus venom causes genetic damage in blood and testicular cells and affects the number and morphology of gametogenic lineage cells in mice. Toxicon 2020; 185:114-119. [PMID: 32659238 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Scorpion envenomation represents an important health problem in many parts of the world, due to the high number and severity of accidents. Recent studies demonstrated that some species can produce venoms with genetic damage potential. Here, we evaluated whether Tityus stigmurus venom causes genetic damage in blood and testicular cells of Swiss mice. We also analyzed the effect of the venom on the number of spermatogenic lineage cells. Five groups of mice received 0.387 mg/kg of the venom, intraperitoneally; one group received saline solution (control group). Blood and testicular cells were collected for comet assay and histological analysis at different times after treatment (1, 2, 6, 12, and 48 h). Blood was also collected 48 h after treatment for the micronucleus test in erythrocytes. Histological analysis was performed by counting cells of the spermatogenic lineages; the nuclear area of elongated spermatocytes was also evaluated. Treatment with the venom induced DNA damage that endured from 1 h to 48 h, as confirmed by the comet assay. The micronucleus test demonstrated that the venom induced mutations in erythrocytes. The number of spermatogonia and rounded spermatids decreased in some groups; the number of elongated spermatids increased, and their nuclear size decreased 1 h after treatment. Genetic damage can be caused directly by the venom, but we suggested that reactive oxygen species that result from inflammatory process caused by the envenomation may have an important role in the DNA damage. Genetic damage and apoptosis may explain the changes in the number of spermatogenic cells. Furthermore, the decrease in nuclear area may result from chromatin loss. Genetic damage in testicular cells, associated with alterations in the number and morphology of spermatogenic cells, can result in reproduction disorders in animals, or humans, stung by T. stigmurus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meykson A Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciência Animal Tropical, Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, Recife, PE, Brazil; Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco-UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil.
| | - Talita G Souza
- Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco-UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Maria E G Melo
- Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco-UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Jeanderson M Silva
- Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco-UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - José R Lima
- Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco-UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - André F A Lira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciência Animal Tropical, Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - René D Martins
- Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco-UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Roberta J B Jorge
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Do Ceará - UFC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Cristiano A Chagas
- Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco-UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Valéria W Teixeira
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Álvaro A C Teixeira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciência Animal Tropical, Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, Recife, PE, Brazil; Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
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Erkisa M, Aydinlik S, Cevatemre B, Aztopal N, Akar RO, Celikler S, Yilmaz VT, Ari F, Ulukaya E. A promising therapeutic combination for metastatic prostate cancer: Chloroquine as autophagy inhibitor and palladium(II) barbiturate complex. Biochimie 2020; 175:159-72. [PMID: 32497551 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic process for cells that can provide energy sources and allows cancer cells to evade cell death. Therefore, studies on the combination of autophagy inhibitors with drugs are increasing as a new treatment modality in cancer. Previously, we reported the anti-tumor activity of a Palladium (Pd)(II) complex against different types of cancer in vitro and in vivo. Chloroquine (CQ), the worldwide used anti-malarial drug, has recently been focused as a chemosensitizer in cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a combined treatment of these agents that work through different mechanisms to provide an effective treatment modality for metastatic prostate cancer that is certainly fatal. Metastatic prostate cancer cell lines (PC-3 and LNCaP) were treated with Pd (II) complex, CQ, and their combination. The combination enhanced apoptosis by increasing phosphatidylserine translocation and pro-apoptotic proteins. Apoptosis was confirmed by the use of apoptosis inhibitor. The formation of acidic vesicular organelles (AVOs) was observed by acridine orange staining in fluorescence microscopy. The Pd (II) complex increased AVOs formation in prostate cancer cells and CQ-pretreatment has potentiated this effect. Importantly, treatment with CQ suppressed the pro-survival function of autophagy, which might have contributed to enhanced cytotoxicity. In addition, PI3K/AKT/mTOR-related protein expressions were altered after the combination of treatments. Our results suggest that combination treatment enhances apoptotic cell death possibly via the inhibition of autophagy, and may therefore be regarded as a novel and better approach for the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer.
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Abstract
A bystander effect is biological changes in non-irradiated cells by transmitted signals from irradiated bystander cells, which causes the radiation toxic effects on the adjacent non-irradiated tissues. This phenomenon occurs by agents such as ionizing radiation, ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and chemotherapy. The bystander effect includes biological processes such as damage to DNA, cell death, chromosomal abnormalities, delay and premature mutations and micronuclei production. The most involved genes in creating this phenomenon are cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), the nuclear factor of kappa B (NFkB) and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs). Radiation generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) can damage DNA, membranes and protein buildings. Studies have shown that Vitamin C, Hesperidin, and melatonin can reduce the number of ROS and have a protective role. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are the most abundant nanoparticles produced and when they enter cells, they can create DNA damage. Studies have shown that combined treatment with UVR and silver nanoparticles could form γ-H2AX and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) synergistically. This article reviews the direct and the bystander effects of UVR on the nuclear DNA, the effect of radioprotectors and Ag NPs on these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eftekhari Z
- MSc, Department of Radiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- MSc, Student research committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fardid R
- PhD, Department of Radiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- PhD, Ionizing and Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Bassiri F, Nasr-Esfahani MH, Forozanfar M, Tavalaee M. Relationship between Sperm Parameters with Sperm Function Tests in Infertile Men with at Least One Failed Cycle after Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Cycle. Int J Fertil Steril 2019; 13:324-329. [PMID: 31710194 PMCID: PMC6875861 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2020.5750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Imbalance between production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and total antioxidant capacity in testis, epididymis, and seminal fluid can eventually lead to infertility. Abnormal sperm chromatin packaging, and DNA fragmentation is considered as the main underlying causes of infertility. Therefore, we aimed to assess relationship between sperm parameters with DNA damage, protamine deficiency, persistent histones, and lipid peroxidation in infertile men with at least one failed cycle after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Materials and Methods In this experimental study, semen samples were collected from infertile men with at least
one failed intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycle (n=20). Sperm parameters, DNA damage, protamine de-
ficiency, persistent histones, and lipid peroxidation were assessed using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA)
system, sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) and Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling
(TUNEL) assays, chromomycin A3, aniline blue, and BODIPY C11 staining, respectively. Results A negative significant correlation was observed between sperm concentration with percentage of sperm
persistent histones (r=-0.56, P=0.02), while positive significant correlations were found between percentage of sperm
persistent histones with percentage of abnormal morphology (r=0.54, P=0.02), CMA3-positive spermatozoa (r=o.6,
P=0.008) and intensity of lipid peroxidation (r=0.6, P=0.01). In addition, significant correlation was observed be-
tween sperm DNA damage with intensity and percentage of lipid peroxidation (r=0.62, P=0.009). Correlation between
CMA3-positive spermatozoa and intensity of lipid peroxidation (r=0.5, P=0.03) were also significant. Conclusion Observed significant correlations between sperm functional tests in infertile men with at least one failed
ICSI cycle, indicated that the reduction of oxidative stress by antioxidant supplementation may be considered as one
therapy approach that can improve sperm function and increase the chance of successful clinical outcomes in next
assisted reproductive cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Bassiri
- Department of Biology, Fars Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fars, Iran.,Department of Biology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.,Isfahan Fertility and Infertility Center, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Forozanfar
- Department of Biology, Fars Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fars, Iran.,Department of Biology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Biology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Tavalaee
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
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Holmes TH, Winn LM. DNA Damage and Perturbed Topoisomerase IIα as a Target of 1,4-Benzoquinone Toxicity in Murine Fetal Liver Cells. Toxicol Sci 2019; 171:339-346. [PMID: 31340051 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzene is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant. Recent studies have shown a link between the development of childhood leukemias and maternal benzene exposure, suggesting that these leukemias may be initiated in utero. Benzene crosses the placental barrier however the mechanisms behind in utero benzene toxicity have not been well elucidated. This study is the first to show that the benzene metabolite, benzoquinone (BQ), perturbs fetal topoisomerase IIα (Topo IIα), an enzyme essential for DNA repair. Using cultured murine CD-1 fetal liver cells, this study shows that Topo IIα activity decreases following 24 hours of exposure to BQ (12.5 and 15.625 µM), with the 12.5 µM confirmed to disrupt the c-kit+Lin-Sca-1-Il7rα- population of cells in culture. Pre-treatment with the antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine did not prevent the inhibtion of Topo IIα by BQ. An increase in Topo IIα-DNA covalent adducts was detected following 24-hour exposures to BQ (12.5 and 50 µM). Interestingly, BQ (12.5 µM) exposure did not significantly increase levels of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), a marker of oxidative stress after 24 hours. However, increased levels of the double-stranded DNA break marker γH2AX were detected following 24 hours of BQ exposure, confirming that Topo IIα-induced breaks are increased in BQ treated cells. This study shows that fetal Topo IIα is perturbed by BQ and suggests that this protein is a target of benzene and may be implicated with in utero benzene toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trent H Holmes
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Louise M Winn
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Wen HJ, Gao S, Wang Y, Ray M, Magnuson MA, Wright CV, Di Magliano MP, Frankel TL, Crawford HC. Myeloid Cell-Derived HB-EGF Drives Tissue Recovery After Pancreatitis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 8:173-192. [PMID: 31125624 PMCID: PMC6661420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Pancreatitis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and is a risk factor for pancreatic tumorigenesis. Upon tissue damage, an inflammatory response, made up largely of macrophages, provides multiple growth factors that promote repair. Here, we examine the molecular pathways initiated by macrophages to promote pancreas recovery from pancreatitis. METHODS To induce organ damage, mice were subjected to cerulein-induced experimental pancreatitis and analyzed at various times of recovery. CD11b-DTR mice were used to deplete myeloid cells. Hbegff/f;LysM-Cre mice were used to ablate myeloid cell-derived heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like growth factor (HB-EGF). To ablate EGFR specifically during recovery, pancreatitis was induced in Egfrf/f;Ptf1aFlpO/+;FSF-Rosa26CAG-CreERT2 mice followed by tamoxifen treatment. RESULTS Macrophages infiltrating the pancreas in experimental pancreatitis make high levels of HB-EGF. Both depletion of myeloid cells and ablation of myeloid cell HB-EGF delayed recovery from experimental pancreatitis, resulting from a decrease in cell proliferation and an increase in apoptosis. Mechanistically, ablation of myeloid cell HB-EGF impaired epithelial cell DNA repair, ultimately leading to cell death. Soluble HB-EGF induced EGFR nuclear translocation and methylation of histone H4, facilitating resolution of DNA damage in pancreatic acinar cells in vitro. Consistent with its role as the primary receptor of HB-EGF, in vivo ablation of EGFR from pancreatic epithelium during recovery from pancreatitis resulted in accumulation of DNA damage. CONCLUSIONS By using novel conditional knockout mouse models, we determined that HB-EGF derived exclusively from myeloid cells induces epithelial cell proliferation and EGFR-dependent DNA repair, facilitating pancreas healing after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ju Wen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Shan Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Michael Ray
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mark A. Magnuson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Marina Pasca Di Magliano
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Howard C. Crawford
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Howard Crawford, PhD, University of Michigan, 4304 Rogel Cancer Center, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, SPC 5936, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5936. fax: (734) 647–9654.
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Poletto M, Legrand AJ, Dianov GL. DNA Base Excision Repair: The Achilles' Heel of Tumour Cells and their Microenvironment? Curr Pharm Des 2019; 23:4758-4772. [PMID: 28699540 DOI: 10.2174/1381612823666170710123602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Our current understanding of cancer suggests that every tumour has individual features. Approaches to cancer treatment require thorough comprehension of the mechanisms triggering genomic instability and protecting cancer cells from therapeutic treatments. Base excision repair (BER) is a frontline DNA repair system that is responsible for maintaining genome integrity. The BER pathway prevents the occurrence of disease, including cancer, by constantly repairing DNA base lesions and DNA single strand breaks caused by endogenous and exogenous mutagens. BER is an important DNA repair system for cancer cell survival, as it can affect both chemoand radio-resistance of tumours. Variations in BER capacity are likely responsible for a number of cases of sporadic cancer and may also modulate cancer sensitivity and resistance to therapeutic treatments. For these reasons, it is broadly accepted that targeting BER enzymes might be a promising approach to personalised anti-cancer therapy. However, recent advances in both treatment strategies and the comprehension of cancer development call for a better understanding of the consequences of BER inhibition. Indeed, the impact on both the tumour microenvironment and healthy tissues is still unclear. This review will summarise the current status of the approaches exploiting BER targeting, describing the most promising small molecule inhibitors and synthetic lethality strategies, as well as potential limitations of these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Poletto
- CRUK and MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, OX37DQ Oxford. United Kingdom
| | - Arnaud J Legrand
- CRUK and MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, OX37DQ Oxford. United Kingdom
| | - Grigory L Dianov
- CRUK and MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, OX37DQ Oxford. United Kingdom
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Bai M, Pan T, Yu G, Xie Q, Zeng Z, Zhang Y, Zhu D, Mu L, Qian J, Chang B, Mei WJ, Guan S. Chiral ruthenium(II) complex Δ-[Ru(bpy) 2(o-FMPIP)] (bpy = bipyridine, o-FMPIP = 2-(2'-trifluoromethyphenyl) imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline) as potential apoptosis inducer via DNA damage. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 853:49-55. [PMID: 30880177 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chiral ruthenium(II) complexes have long been considered as potential anticancer agents. Herein, in vivo inhibitory activity of a chiral ruthenium(II) complex coordinated by ligand 2-(2'-trifluoromethyphenyl) imidazo [4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline, Δ-[Ru(bpy)2(o-FMPIP)] (D0402) on Kunming(KM) mice bearing tumor (H22 hepatic cancer) has been evaluated, and the results showed that the tumor weight of mice treated with 0.22 mg/(kg·day) D0402 via i.v. administration for 7 days decreased about 31.79% compared to the control group, while the body weight, as well as the thymus, spleen, liver, lung, and kidney indices of mice treated with D0402 observed almost no loss compared to the control group. Furthermore, the mechanism studies on anti-angiogenic showed that D0402 could inhibit the formation of angiogenesis in the transgenic Tg(fli1a: EGFP) zebrafish. After treated with D0402, the sub-intestinal vessels(SIVs) of the zebrafish became disordered and chaotic, and was dosage dependent. Moreover, the TUNEL analysis and comet assays revealed that D0402 can induce apoptosis of HepG2 cell through DNA damage, and this was further demonstrated by immunofluorescence analysis with the number of γ-H2AX increased following the increasing amount of D0402. Besides, in vivo toxicity of D0402 has also been investigated on the development of zebrafish embryo, and the results showed that there were no death or development delay occurred for zebrafish embryo treated with D0402 up to concentration of 60 μM. All in together, this study suggested that D0402 can be developed as a potential inhibitor against liver cancer through co-junction of anti-angiogenesis and apoptosis-inducing via DNA damage in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Bai
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Tao Pan
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Gengnan Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qiang Xie
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
| | - Zhaolin Zeng
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yanyang Zhang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Duo Zhu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Luwen Mu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jiesheng Qian
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Boyang Chang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Wen-Jie Mei
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Centre for Molecular Probe and Biomedicine Imaging, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Shouhai Guan
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
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Gupta SK, Smith EJ, Mladek AC, Tian S, Decker PA, Kizilbash SH, Kitange GJ, Sarkaria JN. PARP Inhibitors for Sensitization of Alkylation Chemotherapy in Glioblastoma: Impact of Blood-Brain Barrier and Molecular Heterogeneity. Front Oncol 2019; 8:670. [PMID: 30723695 PMCID: PMC6349736 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prognosis of patients with glioblastoma (GBM) remains dismal despite maximal surgical resection followed by aggressive chemo-radiation therapy. Almost every GBM, regardless of genotype, relapses as aggressive recurrent disease. Sensitization of GBM cells to chemo-radiation is expected to extend survival of patients with GBM by enhancing treatment efficacy. The PARP family of enzymes has a pleiotropic role in DNA repair and metabolism and has emerged as an attractive target for sensitization of cancer cells to genotoxic therapies. However, despite promising results from a number of preclinical studies, progress of clinical trials involving PARP inhibitors (PARPI) has been slower in GBM as compared to other malignancies. Preclinical in vivo studies have uncovered limitations of PARPI-mediated targeting of base excision repair, considered to be the likely mechanism of sensitization for temozolomide (TMZ)-resistant GBM. Nevertheless, PARPI remain a promising sensitizing approach for at least a subset of GBM tumors that are inherently sensitive to TMZ. Our PDX preclinical trial has helped delineate MGMT promoter hyper-methylation as a biomarker of the PARPI veliparib-mediated sensitization. In clinical trials, MGMT promoter hyper-methylation now is being studied as a potential predictive biomarker not only for response to TMZ therapy alone, but also PARPI-mediated sensitization of TMZ therapy. Besides the combination approach being investigated, IDH1/2 mutant gliomas associated with 2-hydroxygluterate (2HG)-mediated homologous recombination (HR) defect may potentially benefit from PARPI monotherapy. In this article, we discuss existing results and provide additional data in support of potential alternative mechanisms of sensitization that would help identify potential biomarkers for PARPI-based therapeutic approaches to GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv K Gupta
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Emily J Smith
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Ann C Mladek
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Shulan Tian
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Paul A Decker
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Sani H Kizilbash
- Departments of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Gaspar J Kitange
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Jann N Sarkaria
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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Turagam MK, Vuddanda V, Atkins D, Venkata R, Yarlagadda B, Korra H, Pitchika J, Bommana S, Lakkireddy DR. Assessment of DNA Damage After Ionizing Radiation Exposure in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Device Implantation or Atrial Fibrillation Ablation (The RADAR Study). J Atr Fibrillation 2018; 11:2094. [PMID: 30505385 DOI: 10.4022/jafib.2094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background There is limited data regarding effect of prolonged radiation exposure during electrophysiological (EP) procedures on direct DNA damage. Comet test has shown to assess DNA damage following radiation exposure. Methods We performed a single-center prospective observational study assessing direct DNA damage using the quantitative comet assay in patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization (CRT) and atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation procedures. Venous comet assay was performed pre, immediately post procedure and at 3-month duration in twenty-two (N=22) patients who underwent catheter ablation for symptomatic AF and fourteen (N=14) patients who underwent CRT implantation. Results The median [interquartile range (IQR)] fluoroscopy time, radiation dose and dose area product (DAP) were 34.3 (27.97 - 45.48) minutes, 853.07 (611.36 - 1334.76) mGy and 16,994.10 (9,023.65 - 58,845.00) UGym2 in the ablation group and 30.05 (18.75 - 37.33) minutes, 345.00 (165.09 - 924.79) mGy and 11,837.20 [7182.67 - 35567.75] UGym2 in the CRT group. When compared with pre-procedure, there was a statistically significant increase in median (IQR) DNA migration on comet assay in the ablation group immediately post procedure [+6.55 µm (0.78, 10.25, p=0.02)] that subsequently decreased at 3 months [-1.00 µm (-2.20, 0.78), p=0.03] but not in the CRT group. Conclusion There was a significant increase in DNA damage as detected by comet assay immediately post procedure that normalized at 3 months in patients undergoing AF ablation. Further large prospective studies are warranted to evaluate the impact of this prolonged radiation exposure and DNA damage on long-term follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Venkat Vuddanda
- Kansas City Heart Rhythm Institute and Research Foundation, Overland Park, KS
| | | | - Rakesh Venkata
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Hospital and Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Bhavya Yarlagadda
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Hospital and Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Himabindu Korra
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Hospital and Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Jaya Pitchika
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Hospital and Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
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Brady OA, Jeong E, Martina JA, Pirooznia M, Tunc I, Puertollano R. The transcription factors TFE3 and TFEB amplify p53 dependent transcriptional programs in response to DNA damage. eLife 2018; 7:40856. [PMID: 30520728 PMCID: PMC6292694 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factors TFE3 and TFEB cooperate to regulate autophagy induction and lysosome biogenesis in response to starvation. Here we demonstrate that DNA damage activates TFE3 and TFEB in a p53 and mTORC1 dependent manner. RNA-Seq analysis of TFEB/TFE3 double-knockout cells exposed to etoposide reveals a profound dysregulation of the DNA damage response, including upstream regulators and downstream p53 targets. TFE3 and TFEB contribute to sustain p53-dependent response by stabilizing p53 protein levels. In TFEB/TFE3 DKOs, p53 half-life is significantly decreased due to elevated Mdm2 levels. Transcriptional profiles of genes involved in lysosome membrane permeabilization and cell death pathways are dysregulated in TFEB/TFE3-depleted cells. Consequently, prolonged DNA damage results in impaired LMP and apoptosis induction. Finally, expression of multiple genes implicated in cell cycle control is altered in TFEB/TFE3 DKOs, revealing a previously unrecognized role of TFEB and TFE3 in the regulation of cell cycle checkpoints in response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen A Brady
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Maryland, United States
| | - Eutteum Jeong
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Maryland, United States
| | - José A Martina
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Maryland, United States
| | - Mehdi Pirooznia
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Maryland, United States
| | - Ilker Tunc
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Maryland, United States
| | - Rosa Puertollano
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Maryland, United States
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