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Takahashi K, Kiso H, Mihara E, Takagi J, Tokita Y, Murashima-Suginami A. Development of a new antibody drug to treat congenital tooth agenesis. J Oral Biosci 2024:S1349-0079(24)00204-4. [PMID: 39389160 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2024.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2024] [Revised: 10/04/2024] [Accepted: 10/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to develop a therapeutic agent promoting teeth regeneration from autologous tissues for congenital tooth agenesis, specifically for hypodontia (≤ 5 missing congenital teeth, 10% prevalence) and oligodontia (≥ 6 missing congenital teeth, 0.1% prevalence). HIGHLIGHT We studied mice genetically deficient in the USAG-1 protein, an antagonist of BMP/Wnt which forms excessive teeth. We identified USAG-1 as a target molecule for increasing the number of teeth. Crossing USAG-1-deficient mice with a congenital tooth agenesis model restored tooth formation. We produced anti-USAG-1 neutralizing antibodies as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of congenital tooth agenesis. Mice anti-USAG-1 neutralizing antibodies can potentially rescue the developmentally arrested tooth germ programmed to a certain tooth type. A humanized anti-USAG-1 antibody was developed as the final candidate. CONCLUSION Targeting USAG-1 shows promise for treating missing congenital tooth. Anti-USAG-1 neutralizing antibodies have been developed and will progress towards clinical trials, which may regenerate missing congenital teeth in conditions, such as hypodontia and oligodontia. The protocol framework for a phase 1 study has been finalized, and preparation for future studies is underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Takahashi
- Dentistry & Oral Surgery, Medical Research Institute KITANO HOSPITAL, PIIF Tazuke-kofukai, Osaka, Japan; Toregem Toregem BioPharma, Co.,Ltd, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - H Kiso
- Toregem Toregem BioPharma, Co.,Ltd, Kyoto, Japan
| | - E Mihara
- Laboratory of Protein Synthesis and Expression, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - J Takagi
- Laboratory of Protein Synthesis and Expression, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Tokita
- Department of Disease model, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - A Murashima-Suginami
- Dentistry & Oral Surgery, Medical Research Institute KITANO HOSPITAL, PIIF Tazuke-kofukai, Osaka, Japan; Toregem Toregem BioPharma, Co.,Ltd, Kyoto, Japan
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2
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Calsa B, Menezes LDS, Neves JG, Gontijo JAR, Santamaria-Jr M, Boer PA. Mandible development under gestational protein restriction: cellular and molecular mechanisms. J Mol Histol 2024; 55:937-953. [PMID: 39105943 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-024-10242-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Insufficient evidence regarding how maternal undernutrition affects craniofacial bone development persists. With its unique focus on the impact of gestational protein restriction on calvaria and mandible osteogenesis, this study aims to fill, at least in part, this gap. Female mice were mated and randomized into NP (normal protein) or LP (low protein) groups. On the 18th gestational day (GD), male embryos were collected and submitted to microtomography (µCT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), PCR, and autophagy dynamic analyses. The study shows that the LP offspring exhibited lower body mass than the NP group, with µCT analysis revealing no volumetric differences in fetus's head. EDS analysis showed lower calcium and higher phosphorus percentages in mandibles and calvaria. SEM assessment evidenced higher hydroxyapatite crystal-like (HC) deposition on the calvaria surface in LP fetus. Conversely, lower HC deposition was observed on the mandible surface, suggesting delayed matrix mineralization in LP fetuses with a higher percentage of collagen fibers in the mandible bone. The autophagy process was reduced in the mesenchyme of LP fetuses. PCR array analysis of 84 genes revealed 27 genes with differential expression in the LP progeny-moreover, increased mRNA levels of Akt1, Mtor, Nfkb, and Smad1 in the LP offspring. In conclusion, the results suggest that gestational protein restriction anticipated bone differentiation in utero, before 18GD, where this process is reduced compared to the control, leading to the reduction in bone area at 15 postnatal day previously observed. These findings provide insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms of mandible development and suggest potential implications for the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Calsa
- Fetal Programming and Hydroelectrolyte Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, FCM, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Luan Dos Santos Menezes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - José Guilherme Neves
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - José Antônio Rocha Gontijo
- Fetal Programming and Hydroelectrolyte Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, FCM, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Milton Santamaria-Jr
- Department of Social and Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, College of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, São Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Aline Boer
- Fetal Programming and Hydroelectrolyte Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, FCM, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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3
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Wu Y, Lai L, Chen J, Li X, Hou J. Genotypic and phenotypic correlations in tooth agenesis: insights from WNT10A and EDA mutations in syndromic and non-syndromic forms. Hum Genet 2024:10.1007/s00439-024-02705-x. [PMID: 39320561 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-024-02705-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Tooth agenesis (TA) occurs when tooth development is disrupted at the initiation stage. It can be classified into non-syndromic and syndromic forms (named NSTA and STA), depending on whether it is accompanied by abnormalities of other organs and systems. Genetic factors play a predominant role in the pathogenesis of tooth agenesis, with dozens of genes implicated in both forms. Several genes have been identified, mutations in which can lead to both forms of TA. Among these, WNT10A and EDA are frequently mutated genes in this context, representing extensively researched and documented genes in human non-syndromic selective agenesis of permanent teeth and their association with ectodermal dysplasia syndromes. In this review, we present an overview of the current knowledge regarding genes associated with NSTA and STA, focusing on the distribution and nature of WNT10A and EDA gene mutations. We also explore how these mutations relate to the condition's both forms, including their association with the number of missing permanent teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youmei Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ling Lai
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Junyang Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xinzhu Li
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jin Hou
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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4
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Adasooriya D, Jeong JK, Kyeong M, Kan S, Kim J, Cho ES, Cho SW. Notum regulates the cusp and root patterns in mouse molar. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13633. [PMID: 38871845 PMCID: PMC11176191 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64340-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Notum is a direct target of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and plays a crucial role as a Wnt inhibitor within a negative feedback loop. In the tooth, Notum is known to be expressed in odontoblasts, and severe dentin defects and irregular tooth roots have been reported in Notum-deficient mice. However, the precise expression pattern of Notum in early tooth development, and the role of Notum in crown and root patterns remain elusive. In the present study, we identified a novel Notum expression in primary enamel knot (EK), secondary EKs, and dental papilla during tooth development. Notum-deficient mice exhibited enlarged secondary EKs, resulting in broader cusp tips, altered cusp patterns, and reduced concavity in crown outline. These alterations in crown outline led to a reduction in cervical tongue length, thereby inducing root fusion in Notum-deficient mice. Overall, these results suggest that the secondary EK size, regulated by the Wnt/Notum negative feedback loop, has a significant impact on the patterns of crown and root during tooth morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinuka Adasooriya
- Division of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju-Kyung Jeong
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Jeonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Minjae Kyeong
- Division of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shiqi Kan
- Division of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiwoo Kim
- Division of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eui-Sic Cho
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Jeonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, Korea.
| | - Sung-Won Cho
- Division of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.
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5
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Benard EL, Küçükaylak I, Hatzold J, Berendes KU, Carney TJ, Beleggia F, Hammerschmidt M. wnt10a is required for zebrafish median fin fold maintenance and adult unpaired fin metamorphosis. Dev Dyn 2024; 253:566-592. [PMID: 37870737 PMCID: PMC11035493 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations of human WNT10A are associated with odonto-ectodermal dysplasia syndromes. Here, we present analyses of wnt10a loss-of-function mutants in the zebrafish. RESULTS wnt10a mutant zebrafish embryos display impaired tooth development and a collapsing median fin fold (MFF). Rescue experiments show that wnt10a is essential for MFF maintenance both during embryogenesis and later metamorphosis. The MFF collapse could not be attributed to increased cell death or altered proliferation rates of MFF cell types. Rather, wnt10a mutants show reduced expression levels of dlx2a in distal-most MFF cells, followed by compromised expression of col1a1a and other extracellular matrix proteins encoding genes. Transmission electron microscopy analysis shows that although dermal MFF compartments of wnt10a mutants initially are of normal morphology, with regular collagenous actinotrichia, positioning of actinotrichia within the cleft of distal MFF cells becomes compromised, coinciding with actinotrichia shrinkage and MFF collapse. CONCLUSIONS MFF collapse of wnt10a mutant zebrafish is likely caused by the loss of distal properties in the developing MFF, strikingly similar to the proposed molecular pathomechanisms underlying the teeth defects caused by the loss of Wnt10 in fish and mammals. In addition, it points to thus fur unknown mechanisms controlling the linear growth and stability of actinotrichia and their collagen fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica L. Benard
- Institute of Zoology, Developmental Biology Unit,
University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ismail Küçükaylak
- Institute of Zoology, Developmental Biology Unit,
University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julia Hatzold
- Institute of Zoology, Developmental Biology Unit,
University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kilian U.W. Berendes
- Institute of Zoology, Developmental Biology Unit,
University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas J. Carney
- Discovery Research Division, Institute of Molecular and
Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research),
Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Filippo Beleggia
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and
University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany
- Department of Translational Genomics, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Mildred Scheel School of Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne
Düsseldorf (MSSO ABCD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne,
University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias Hammerschmidt
- Institute of Zoology, Developmental Biology Unit,
University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of
Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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6
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Neupane S, Aryal YP, Kwak HJ, Lee SG, Kim TY, Pokharel E, Kim JY, Kim JH, Sohn WJ, An SY, An CH, Jung JK, Ha JH, Yamamoto H, Cho SW, Lee S, Lee Y, Park KK, Min BK, Park C, Kwon TY, Cho SJ, Kim JY. Developmental roles of glomerular epithelial protein-1 in mice molar morphogenesis. Cell Tissue Res 2024; 395:53-62. [PMID: 37985496 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03841-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Glomerular epithelial protein-1 (Glepp1), a R3 subtype family of receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatases, plays important role in the activation of Src family kinases and regulates cellular processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. In this study, we firstly examined the functional evaluation of Glepp1 in tooth development and morphogenesis. The precise expression level and developmental function of Glepp1 were examined by RT-qPCR, in situ hybridization, and loss and gain of functional study using a range of in vitro organ cultivation methods. Expression of Glepp1 was detected in the developing tooth germs in cap and bell stage of tooth development. Knocking down Glepp1 at E13 for 2 days showed the altered expression levels of tooth development-related signaling molecules, including Bmps, Dspp, Fgf4, Lef1, and Shh. Moreover, transient knock down of Glepp1 revealed alterations in cellular physiology, examined by the localization patterns of Ki67 and E-cadherin. Similarly, knocking down of Glepp1 showed disrupted enamel rod and interrod formation in 3-week renal transplanted teeth. In addition, due to attrition of odontoblastic layers, the expression signals of Dspp and the localization of NESTIN were almost not detected after knock down of Glepp1; however, their expressions were increased after Glepp1 overexpression. Thus, our results suggested that Glepp1 plays modulating roles during odontogenesis by regulating the expression levels of signaling molecules and cellular events to achieve the proper structural formation of hard tissue matrices in mice molar development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjiv Neupane
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
| | - Yam Prasad Aryal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Kwak
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sung-Gwon Lee
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Tae-Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Elina Pokharel
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ji-Youn Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jung-Hyeuk Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Wern-Joo Sohn
- Pre-Major of Cosmetics and Pharmaceutics, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Seo-Young An
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Chang-Hyeon An
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae-Kwang Jung
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jung-Hong Ha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hitoshi Yamamoto
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sung-Won Cho
- Division of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sanggyu Lee
- School of Life Science, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Youngkyun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kwang-Kyun Park
- Professor Emeritus Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bong-Ki Min
- Center for Research Facilities, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Chungoo Park
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Tae-Yub Kwon
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Cho
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea.
| | - Jae-Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
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7
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Fang Z, Atukorallaya D. Count Me in, Count Me out: Regulation of the Tooth Number via Three Directional Developmental Patterns. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15061. [PMID: 37894742 PMCID: PMC10606784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tooth number anomalies, including hyperdontia and hypodontia, are common congenital dental problems in the dental clinic. The precise number of teeth in a dentition is essential for proper speech, mastication, and aesthetics. Teeth are ectodermal organs that develop from the interaction of a thickened epithelium (dental placode) with the neural-crest-derived ectomesenchyme. There is extensive histological, molecular, and genetic evidence regarding how the tooth number is regulated in this serial process, but there is currently no universal classification for tooth number abnormalities. In this review, we propose a novel regulatory network for the tooth number based on the inherent dentition formation process. This network includes three intuitive directions: the development of a single tooth, the formation of a single dentition with elongation of the continual lamina, and tooth replacement with the development of the successional lamina. This article summarizes recent reports on early tooth development and provides an analytical framework to classify future relevant experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Devi Atukorallaya
- Department of Oral Biology, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E0W2, Canada;
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8
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Zimm R, Berio F, Debiais-Thibaud M, Goudemand N. A shark-inspired general model of tooth morphogenesis unveils developmental asymmetries in phenotype transitions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2216959120. [PMID: 37027430 PMCID: PMC10104537 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2216959120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental complexity stemming from the dynamic interplay between genetic and biomechanic factors canalizes the ways genotypes and phenotypes can change in evolution. As a paradigmatic system, we explore how changes in developmental factors generate typical tooth shape transitions. Since tooth development has mainly been researched in mammals, we contribute to a more general understanding by studying the development of tooth diversity in sharks. To this end, we build a general, but realistic, mathematical model of odontogenesis. We show that it reproduces key shark-specific features of tooth development as well as real tooth shape variation in small-spotted catsharks Scyliorhinus canicula. We validate our model by comparison with experiments in vivo. Strikingly, we observe that developmental transitions between tooth shapes tend to be highly degenerate, even for complex phenotypes. We also discover that the sets of developmental parameters involved in tooth shape transitions tend to depend asymmetrically on the direction of that transition. Together, our findings provide a valuable base for furthering our understanding of how developmental changes can lead to both adaptive phenotypic change and trait convergence in complex, phenotypically highly diverse, structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Zimm
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5242, Lyon Cedex07 69364, France
| | - Fidji Berio
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5242, Lyon Cedex07 69364, France
- Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Institut de la Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier34095, France
| | - Mélanie Debiais-Thibaud
- Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Institut de la Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier34095, France
| | - Nicolas Goudemand
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5242, Lyon Cedex07 69364, France
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9
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Hu R, Jiang X, Yang H, Liu G. Selection signature analysis reveals RDH5 performed key function in vision during sheep domestication process. Arch Anim Breed 2023. [DOI: 10.5194/aab-66-81-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract. As one of the most successful domesticated animals in the Neolithic age,
sheep gradually migrated all over the world with human activities. During the
domestication process, remarkable changes have taken place in morphology,
physiology, and behavior, resulting in different breeds with different
characters via artificial and natural selection. However, the genetic
background responsible for these phenotypic variations remains largely
unclear. Here, we used whole genome resequencing technology to compare and
analyze the genome differences between Asiatic mouflon wild sheep (Ovis orientalis) and Hu
sheep (Ovis aries). A total of 755 genes were positively selected in the process of
domestication and selection, and the genes related to sensory perception had
directional evolution in the autosomal region, such as OPRL1, LEF1, TAS1R3, ATF6, VSX2, MYO1A, RDH5, and some novel
genes. A missense mutation of c.T722C/p.M241T in exon 4 of RDH5 existing in sheep
were found, and the T allele was completely fixed in Hu sheep. In addition, the
mutation with the C allele reduced the retinol dehydrogenase activity encoding
by RDH5, which can impair retinoic acid metabolism and further influenced the visual
cycle. Overall, our results showed significant enrichment for positively
selected genes involved in sensory perception development during sheep
domestication; RDH5 and its variants may be related to the retinal degeneration
in sheep. We infer that the wild sheep ancestors with weaker visual sensitivity
were weeded out by humans, and the mutation was selective, swept by the dual
pressures of natural and artificial selection.
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10
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Zhang H, Gong X, Xu X, Wang X, Sun Y. Tooth number abnormality: from bench to bedside. Int J Oral Sci 2023; 15:5. [PMID: 36604408 PMCID: PMC9816303 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-022-00208-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tooth number abnormality is one of the most common dental developmental diseases, which includes both tooth agenesis and supernumerary teeth. Tooth development is regulated by numerous developmental signals, such as the well-known Wnt, BMP, FGF, Shh and Eda pathways, which mediate the ongoing complex interactions between epithelium and mesenchyme. Abnormal expression of these crutial signalling during this process may eventually lead to the development of anomalies in tooth number; however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this review, we summarized the major process of tooth development, the latest progress of mechanism studies and newly reported clinical investigations of tooth number abnormality. In addition, potential treatment approaches for tooth number abnormality based on developmental biology are also discussed. This review not only provides a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of tooth number abnormality in clinical practice but also facilitates the translation of basic research to the clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuyan Gong
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqiao Xu
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaogang Wang
- grid.64939.310000 0000 9999 1211Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Sun
- Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Winchester EW, Hardy A, Cotney J. Integration of multimodal data in the developing tooth reveals candidate regulatory loci driving human odontogenic phenotypes. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022; 3:1009264. [PMID: 37034481 PMCID: PMC10078798 DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.1009264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Human odontogenic aberrations such as abnormal tooth number and delayed tooth eruption can occur as a symptom of rare syndromes or, more commonly, as nonsyndromic phenotypes. These phenotypes can require extensive and expensive dental treatment, posing a significant burden. While many dental phenotypes are heritable, most nonsyndromic cases have not been linked to causal genes. We demonstrate the novel finding that common sequence variants associated with human odontogenic phenotypes are enriched in developmental craniofacial enhancers conserved between human and mouse. However, the bulk nature of these samples obscures if this finding is due to the tooth itself or the surrounding tissues. We therefore sought to identify enhancers specifically active in the tooth anlagen and quantify their contribution to the observed genetic enrichments. We systematically identified 22,001 conserved enhancers active in E13.5 mouse incisors using ChIP-seq and machine learning pipelines and demonstrated biologically relevant enrichments in putative target genes, transcription factor binding motifs, and in vivo activity. Multi-tissue comparisons of human and mouse enhancers revealed that these putative tooth enhancers had the strongest enrichment of odontogenic phenotype-associated variants, suggesting a role for dysregulation of tooth developmental enhancers in human dental phenotypes. The large number of these regions genome-wide necessitated prioritization of enhancer loci for future investigations. As enhancers modulate gene expression, we prioritized regions based on enhancers' putative target genes. We predicted these target genes and prioritized loci by integrating chromatin state, bulk gene expression and coexpression, GWAS variants, and cell type resolved gene expression to generate a prioritized list of putative odontogenic phenotype-driving loci active in the developing tooth. These genomic regions are of particular interest for downstream experiments determining the role of specific dental enhancer:gene pairs in odontogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexis Hardy
- Master of Genetics Program, Paris Diderot University,
Paris, France
| | - Justin Cotney
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of
Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut,
Storrs, CT, United States
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12
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Genetic Parameter Estimation and Genome-Wide Association Analysis of Social Genetic Effects on Average Daily Gain in Purebreds and Crossbreds. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12172300. [PMID: 36078021 PMCID: PMC9454713 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Average daily gain (ADG) is influenced by both an individual’s direct genetic effect (DGE) and by a social genetic effect (SGE) derived from pen mates. Therefore, identifying the DGE and SGE on ADG is essential for a better understanding of pig breeding systems. We conducted this study to elucidate the genetic characteristics and relationships of DGE and SGE on ADG using purebred and crossbred pigs. We found that the DGE and SGE both contributed to ADG in both populations. In addition, the SGE of purebred pigs was highly correlated with the DGE of crossbred pigs. Furthermore, we identified several genomic regions that may be associated with the DGE and SGE on ADG. Our findings will contribute to future genomic evaluation studies of socially affected traits. Abstract Average daily gain (ADG) is an important growth trait in the pig industry. The direct genetic effect (DGE) has been studied mainly to assess the association between genetic information and economic traits. The social genetic effect (SGE) has been shown to affect ADG simultaneously with the DGE because of group housing systems. We conducted this study to elucidate the genetic characteristics and relationships of the DGE and SGE of purebred Korean Duroc and crossbred pigs by single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction and a genome-wide association study. We used the genotype, phenotype, and pedigree data of 1779, 6022, and 7904 animals, respectively. Total heritabilities on ADG were 0.19 ± 0.04 and 0.39 ± 0.08 for purebred and crossbred pigs, respectively. The genetic correlation was the greatest (0.77 ± 0.12) between the SGE of purebred and DGE of crossbred pigs. We found candidate genes located in the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the SGE that were associated with behavior and neurodegenerative diseases, and candidate genes in the QTLs for DGE that were related to body mass, size of muscle fiber, and muscle hypertrophy. These results suggest that the genomic selection of purebred animals could be applied for crossbred performance.
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13
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Thiery AP, Standing AS, Cooper RL, Fraser GJ. An epithelial signalling centre in sharks supports homology of tooth morphogenesis in vertebrates. eLife 2022; 11:73173. [PMID: 35536602 PMCID: PMC9249395 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of tooth shape is regulated by the enamel knot signalling centre, at least in mammals. Fgf signalling regulates differential proliferation between the enamel knot and adjacent dental epithelia during tooth development, leading to formation of the dental cusp. The presence of an enamel knot in non-mammalian vertebrates is debated given differences in signalling. Here, we show the conservation and restriction of fgf3, fgf10, and shh to the sites of future dental cusps in the shark (Scyliorhinus canicula), whilst also highlighting striking differences between the shark and mouse. We reveal shifts in tooth size, shape, and cusp number following small molecule perturbations of canonical Wnt signalling. Resulting tooth phenotypes mirror observed effects in mammals, where canonical Wnt has been implicated as an upstream regulator of enamel knot signalling. In silico modelling of shark dental morphogenesis demonstrates how subtle changes in activatory and inhibitory signals can alter tooth shape, resembling developmental phenotypes and cusp shapes observed following experimental Wnt perturbation. Our results support the functional conservation of an enamel knot-like signalling centre throughout vertebrates and suggest that varied tooth types from sharks to mammals follow a similar developmental bauplan. Lineage-specific differences in signalling are not sufficient in refuting homology of this signalling centre, which is likely older than teeth themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre P Thiery
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ariane S Standing
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States
| | - Rory L Cooper
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gareth J Fraser
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States
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14
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Bou-Rouphael J, Durand BC. T-Cell Factors as Transcriptional Inhibitors: Activities and Regulations in Vertebrate Head Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:784998. [PMID: 34901027 PMCID: PMC8651982 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.784998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its first discovery in the late 90s, Wnt canonical signaling has been demonstrated to affect a large variety of neural developmental processes, including, but not limited to, embryonic axis formation, neural proliferation, fate determination, and maintenance of neural stem cells. For decades, studies have focused on the mechanisms controlling the activity of β-catenin, the sole mediator of Wnt transcriptional response. More recently, the spotlight of research is directed towards the last cascade component, the T-cell factor (TCF)/Lymphoid-Enhancer binding Factor (LEF), and more specifically, the TCF/LEF-mediated switch from transcriptional activation to repression, which in both embryonic blastomeres and mouse embryonic stem cells pushes the balance from pluri/multipotency towards differentiation. It has been long known that Groucho/Transducin-Like Enhancer of split (Gro/TLE) is the main co-repressor partner of TCF/LEF. More recently, other TCF/LEF-interacting partners have been identified, including the pro-neural BarH-Like 2 (BARHL2), which belongs to the evolutionary highly conserved family of homeodomain-containing transcription factors. This review describes the activities and regulatory modes of TCF/LEF as transcriptional repressors, with a specific focus on the functions of Barhl2 in vertebrate brain development. Specific attention is given to the transcriptional events leading to formation of the Organizer, as well as the roles and regulations of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in growth of the caudal forebrain. We present TCF/LEF activities in both embryonic and neural stem cells and discuss how alterations of this pathway could lead to tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Béatrice C. Durand
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR7622, IBPS Developmental Biology Laboratory, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
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15
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Aryal YP, Kim TY, Lee ES, An CH, Kim JY, Yamamoto H, Lee S, Lee Y, Sohn WJ, Neupane S, Kim JY. Signaling Modulation by miRNA-221-3p During Tooth Morphogenesis in Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:697243. [PMID: 34513833 PMCID: PMC8424101 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.697243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNAs are conserved short non-coding RNAs that play a role in the modulation of various biological pathways during tissue and organ morphogenesis. In this study, the function of miRNA-221-3p in tooth development, through its loss or gain in function was evaluated. A variety of techniques were utilized to evaluate detailed functional roles of miRNA-221-3p during odontogenesis, including in vitro tooth cultivation, renal capsule transplantation, in situ hybridization, real-time PCR, and immunohistochemistry. Two-day in vitro tooth cultivation at E13 identified altered cellular events, including cellular proliferation, apoptosis, adhesion, and cytoskeletal arrangement, with the loss and gain of miRNA-221-3p. qPCR analysis revealed alterations in gene expression of tooth-related signaling molecules, including β-catenin, Bmp2, Bmp4, Fgf4, Ptch1, and Shh, when inhibited with miRNA-221-3p and mimic. Also, the inhibition of miRNA-221-3p demonstrated increased mesenchymal localizations of pSMAD1/5/8, alongside decreased expression patterns of Shh and Fgf4 within inner enamel epithelium (IEE) in E13 + 2 days in vitro cultivated teeth. Moreover, 1-week renal transplantation of in vitro cultivated teeth had smaller tooth size with reduced enamel and dentin matrices, along with increased cellular proliferation and Shh expression along the Hertwig epithelial root sheath (HERS), within the inhibitor group. Similarly, in 3-week renal calcified teeth, the overexpression of miRNA-221-3p did not affect tooth phenotype, while the loss of function resulted in long and slender teeth with short mesiodistal length. This study provides evidence that a suitable level of miRNA-221-3p is required for the modulation of major signaling pathways, including Wnt, Bmp, and Shh, during tooth morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yam Prasad Aryal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Tae-Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Eui-Seon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Chang-Hyeon An
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ji-Youn Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hitoshi Yamamoto
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sanggyu Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Youngkyun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Wern-Joo Sohn
- Pre-Major of Cosmetics and Pharmaceutics, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si, South Korea
| | - Sanjiv Neupane
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Jae-Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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16
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Lin C, Ruan N, Li L, Chen Y, Hu X, Chen Y, Hu X, Zhang Y. FGF8-mediated signaling regulates tooth developmental pace during odontogenesis. J Genet Genomics 2021; 49:40-53. [PMID: 34500094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The developing human and mouse teeth constitute an ideal model system to study the regulatory mechanism underlying organ growth control since their teeth share highly conserved and well-characterized developmental processes and their developmental tempo varies notably. In the current study, we manipulated heterogenous recombination between human and mouse dental tissues and demonstrate that the dental mesenchyme dominates the tooth developmental tempo and FGF8 could be a critical player during this developmental process. Forced activation of FGF8 signaling in the dental mesenchyme of mice promoted cell proliferation, prevented cell apoptosis via p38 and perhaps PI3K-Akt intracellular signaling, and impelled the transition of the cell cycle from G1- to S-phase in the tooth germ, resulting in the slowdown of the tooth developmental pace. Our results provide compelling evidence that extrinsic signals can profoundly affect tooth developmental tempo and the dental mesenchymal FGF8 could be a pivotal factor in controlling the developmental pace in a non-cell-autonomous manner during mammalian odontogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chensheng Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P.R. China
| | - Ningsheng Ruan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P.R. China
| | - Linjun Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P.R. China
| | - Yibin Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Hu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P.R. China
| | - YiPing Chen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Xuefeng Hu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P.R. China.
| | - Yanding Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P.R. China.
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17
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Abramyan J, Geetha-Loganathan P, Šulcová M, Buchtová M. Role of Cell Death in Cellular Processes During Odontogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:671475. [PMID: 34222243 PMCID: PMC8250436 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.671475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of a tooth germ in a precise size, shape, and position in the jaw, involves meticulous regulation of cell proliferation and cell death. Apoptosis, as the most common type of programmed cell death during embryonic development, plays a number of key roles during odontogenesis, ranging from the budding of the oral epithelium during tooth initiation, to later tooth germ morphogenesis and removal of enamel knot signaling center. Here, we summarize recent knowledge about the distribution and function of apoptotic cells during odontogenesis in several vertebrate lineages, with a special focus on amniotes (mammals and reptiles). We discuss the regulatory roles that apoptosis plays on various cellular processes during odontogenesis. We also review apoptosis-associated molecular signaling during tooth development, including its relationship with the autophagic pathway. Lastly, we cover apoptotic pathway disruption, and alterations in apoptotic cell distribution in transgenic mouse models. These studies foster a deeper understanding how apoptotic cells affect cellular processes during normal odontogenesis, and how they contribute to dental disorders, which could lead to new avenues of treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Abramyan
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan–Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, United States
| | | | - Marie Šulcová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Marcela Buchtová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
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18
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Kashoura Y, Serakinci N, Beleva N, Kaçamak NI, Tuncel G, Oz U. WNT signaling pathway genes expression profile in isolated hypodontia. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-01850-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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19
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Marañón-Vásquez GA, Vieira AR, Dos Santos LV, Cunha AS, Weiss SG, Araujo MTDS, Bolognese AM, Scariot R, Küchler EC, Stuani MBS. FGF10 and FGF13 genetic variation and tooth-size discrepancies. Angle Orthod 2021; 91:356-362. [PMID: 33492380 DOI: 10.2319/060920-531.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore whether variations in odontogenesis-related genes are associated with tooth-size discrepancies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Measurements of the width of permanent teeth were obtained from dental casts of 62 orthodontic patients (age 15.65 ± 6.82 years; 29 males and 33 females). Participants were classified according to the anterior and overall Bolton ratios as without tooth-size discrepancy or with maxillary or mandibular tooth-size excess. Genomic DNA extracted from buccal cells was used, and 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across nine genes were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction using TaqMan chemistry. χ2 or Fisher exact tests were applied to determine the overrepresentation of genotypes/alleles depending on the type of tooth-size discrepancy (α = .05; corrected P value: P < 5.556 × 10-3). Odds ratios (ORs) and their correspondent 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were also calculated to investigate the risk of this phenotype for the SNPs having significant association. RESULTS Individuals carrying the FGF10 rs900379 T allele were more likely to have larger mandibular teeth (OR = 3.74; 95% CI: 1.65-8.47; P = .002). This effect appeared to be stronger when two copies of the risk allele (TT) were found (recessive model, OR = 6.16; 95% CI: 1.71-22.16; P = .006). On the other hand, FGF13 rs5931572 rare homozygotes (AA, or male A hemizygotes) had increased risk of displaying tooth-size discrepancies when compared with the common homozygotes (GG, or male G hemizygotes; OR = 10.32; 95% CI: 2.20-48.26; P = .003). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that FGF10 and FGF13 may contribute to the presence of tooth-size discrepancies.
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20
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Bernatik O, Paclikova P, Kotrbova A, Bryja V, Cajanek L. Primary Cilia Formation Does Not Rely on WNT/β-Catenin Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:623753. [PMID: 33718363 PMCID: PMC7952446 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.623753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia act as crucial regulators of embryo development and tissue homeostasis. They are instrumental for modulation of several signaling pathways, including Hedgehog, WNT, and TGF-β. However, gaps exist in our understanding of how cilia formation and function is regulated. Recent work has implicated WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway in the regulation of ciliogenesis, yet the results are conflicting. One model suggests that WNT/β-catenin signaling negatively regulates cilia formation, possibly via effects on cell cycle. In contrast, second model proposes a positive role of WNT/β-catenin signaling on cilia formation, mediated by the re-arrangement of centriolar satellites in response to phosphorylation of the key component of WNT/β-catenin pathway, β-catenin. To clarify these discrepancies, we investigated possible regulation of primary cilia by the WNT/β-catenin pathway in cell lines (RPE-1, NIH3T3, and HEK293) commonly used to study ciliogenesis. We used WNT3a to activate or LGK974 to block the pathway, and examined initiation of ciliogenesis, cilium length, and percentage of ciliated cells. We show that the treatment by WNT3a has no- or lesser inhibitory effect on cilia formation. Importantly, the inhibition of secretion of endogenous WNT ligands using LGK974 blocks WNT signaling but does not affect ciliogenesis. Finally, using knock-out cells for key WNT pathway components, namely DVL1/2/3, LRP5/6, or AXIN1/2 we show that neither activation nor deactivation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway affects the process of ciliogenesis. These results suggest that WNT/β-catenin-mediated signaling is not generally required for efficient cilia formation. In fact, activation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway in some systems seems to moderately suppress ciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Bernatik
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Petra Paclikova
- Section of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Anna Kotrbova
- Section of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Vitezslav Bryja
- Section of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Lukas Cajanek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
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21
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Exploiting teeth as a model to study basic features of signaling pathways. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:2729-2742. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20200514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Teeth constitute a classical model for the study of signaling pathways and their roles in mediating interactions between cells and tissues in organ development, homeostasis and regeneration. Rodent teeth are mostly used as experimental models. Rodent molars have proved fundamental in the study of epithelial–mesenchymal interactions and embryonic organ morphogenesis, as well as to faithfully model human diseases affecting dental tissues. The continuously growing rodent incisor is an excellent tool for the investigation of the mechanisms regulating stem cells dynamics in homeostasis and regeneration. In this review, we discuss the use of teeth as a model to investigate signaling pathways, providing an overview of the many unique experimental approaches offered by this organ. We discuss how complex networks of signaling pathways modulate the various aspects of tooth biology, and the models used to obtain this knowledge. Finally, we introduce new experimental approaches that allow the study of more complex interactions, such as the crosstalk between dental tissues, innervation and vascularization.
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22
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Xie Y, Su N, Yang J, Tan Q, Huang S, Jin M, Ni Z, Zhang B, Zhang D, Luo F, Chen H, Sun X, Feng JQ, Qi H, Chen L. FGF/FGFR signaling in health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:181. [PMID: 32879300 PMCID: PMC7468161 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00222-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidences suggest that the fibroblast growth factor/FGF receptor (FGF/FGFR) signaling has crucial roles in a multitude of processes during embryonic development and adult homeostasis by regulating cellular lineage commitment, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis of various types of cells. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of FGF signaling and its roles in organ development, injury repair, and the pathophysiology of spectrum of diseases, which is a consequence of FGF signaling dysregulation, including cancers and chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this context, the agonists and antagonists for FGF-FGFRs might have therapeutic benefits in multiple systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangli Xie
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Nan Su
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiaoyan Tan
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuo Huang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Jin
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenhong Ni
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dali Zhang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fengtao Luo
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hangang Chen
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianding Sun
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Q Feng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Huabing Qi
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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23
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Neupane S, Aryal YP, Kim TY, Yeon CY, An CH, Kim JY, Yamamoto H, Lee Y, Sohn WJ, Kim JY. Signaling Modulations of miR-206-3p in Tooth Morphogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5251. [PMID: 32722078 PMCID: PMC7432545 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of naturally occurring small non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression in organisms. Most mammalian miRNAs influence biological processes, including developmental changes, tissue morphogenesis and the maintenance of tissue identity, cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and metabolism. The miR-206-3p has been correlated with cancer; however, developmental roles of this miRNA are unclear. In this study, we examined the expression pattern and evaluated the developmental regulation of miR-206-3p during tooth morphogenesis using ex-vivo culture method. The expression pattern of miR-206-3p was examined in the epithelium and mesenchyme of developing tooth germ with stage-specific manners. Perturbation of the expression of miR-206-3p clearly altered expression patterns of dental-development-related signaling molecules, including Axin2, Bmp2, Fgf4, Lef1 and Shh. The gene expression complemented with change in cellular events including, apoptosis and proliferation which caused altered crown and pulp morphogenesis in renal-capsule-calcified teeth. Especially, mislocalization of β-Catenin and SMAD1/5/8 were observed alongside dramatic alterations in the expression patterns of Fgf4 and Shh. Overall, our data suggest that the miR-206-3p regulate the cellular physiology during tooth morphogenesis through modulation of the Wnt, Bmp, Fgf, and Shh signaling pathways to form proper tooth pulp and crown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjiv Neupane
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea; (Y.P.A.); (T.-Y.K.); (C.-Y.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA
| | - Yam Prasad Aryal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea; (Y.P.A.); (T.-Y.K.); (C.-Y.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Tae-Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea; (Y.P.A.); (T.-Y.K.); (C.-Y.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Chang-Yeol Yeon
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea; (Y.P.A.); (T.-Y.K.); (C.-Y.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Chang-Hyeon An
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea;
| | - Ji-Youn Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea;
| | - Hitoshi Yamamoto
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan;
| | - Youngkyun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea; (Y.P.A.); (T.-Y.K.); (C.-Y.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Wern-Joo Sohn
- Pre-Major of Cosmetics and Pharmaceutics, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Korea;
| | - Jae-Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea; (Y.P.A.); (T.-Y.K.); (C.-Y.Y.); (Y.L.)
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24
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Eliason S, Sharp T, Sweat M, Sweat YY, Amendt BA. Ectodermal Organ Development Is Regulated by a microRNA-26b-Lef-1-Wnt Signaling Axis. Front Physiol 2020; 11:780. [PMID: 32760291 PMCID: PMC7372039 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The developmental role of Lef-1 in ectodermal organs has been characterized using Lef-1 murine knockout models. We generated a Lef-1 conditional over-expression (COEL) mouse to determine the role of Lef-1 expression in epithelial structures at later stages of development after endogenous expression switches to the mesenchyme. Lef-1 over expression (OE) in the oral epithelium creates a new dental epithelial stem cell niche that significantly increases incisor growth. These data indicate that Lef-1 expression is switched off in the dental epithelial at early stages to maintain the stem cell niche and regulate incisor growth. Bioinformatics analyses indicated that miR-26b expression increased coinciding with decreased Lef-1 expression in the dental epithelium. We generated a murine model over-expressing miR-26b that targets endogenous Lef-1 expression and Lef-1-related developmental mechanisms. miR-26b OE mice have ectodermal organ defects including a lack of incisors, molars, and hair similar to the Lef-1 null mice. miR-26b OE rescues the Lef-1 OE phenotype demonstrating a critical genetic and developmental role for miR-26b in the temporal and spatial expression of Lef-1 in epithelial tissues. Lef-1 expression regulates Wnt signaling and Wnt target genes as well as cell proliferation mechanisms, while miR-26b OE reduced the levels of Wnt target gene expression. The extra stem cell compartment in the COEL mice expressed Lef-1 suggesting that Lef-1 is a stem cell factor, which was absent in the miR-26b OE/COEL rescue mice. This is the first demonstration of a microRNA OE mouse model that has ectodermal organ defects. These findings demonstrate that the levels of Lef-1 are critical for development and establish a role for miR-26b in the regulation of ectodermal organ development through the control of Lef-1 expression and an endogenous stem cell niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Eliason
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Thad Sharp
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Mason Sweat
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Yan Y Sweat
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Brad A Amendt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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25
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Lévy J, Capri Y, Rachid M, Dupont C, Vermeesch JR, Devriendt K, Verloes A, Tabet AC, Bailleul-Forestier I. LEF1 haploinsufficiency causes ectodermal dysplasia. Clin Genet 2020; 97:595-600. [PMID: 32022899 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ectodermal dysplasias are a family of genodermatoses commonly associated with variants in the ectodysplasin/NF-κB or the Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Both pathways are involved in signal transduction from ectoderm to mesenchyme during the development of ectoderm-derived structures. Wnt/β-catenin pathway requires the lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF1), a nuclear mediator, to activate target gene expression. In mice, targeted inactivation of the LEF1 gene results in a complete block of development of multiple ectodermal appendages. We report two unrelated patients with 4q25 de novo deletion encompassing LEF1, associated with severe oligodontia of primary and permanent dentition, hypotrichosis and hypohidrosis compatible with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Taurodontism and a particular alveolar bone defect were also observed in both patients. So far, no pathogenic variants or variations involving the LEF1 gene have been reported in human. We provide further evidence for LEF1 haploinsufficiency role in ectodermal dysplasia and delineate its clinical phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Lévy
- Genetics Department, AP-HP, Robert-Debré University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Yline Capri
- Genetics Department, AP-HP, Robert-Debré University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Myriam Rachid
- Genetics Department, AP-HP, Robert-Debré University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Céline Dupont
- Genetics Department, AP-HP, Robert-Debré University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Joris R Vermeesch
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Center of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Devriendt
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Center of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alain Verloes
- Genetics Department, AP-HP, Robert-Debré University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Claude Tabet
- Genetics Department, AP-HP, Robert-Debré University Hospital, Paris, France.,Neuroscience Department, Génétique Humaine et Fonction Cognitive Unit, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Bailleul-Forestier
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Rare Oral and Dental Competence Center, CHU Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
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26
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Li J, Xu J, Cui Y, Wang L, Wang B, Wang Q, Zhang X, Qiu M, Zhang Z. Mesenchymal Sufu Regulates Development of Mandibular Molars via Shh Signaling. J Dent Res 2019; 98:1348-1356. [PMID: 31499014 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519872679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) in dental epithelium regulates tooth morphogenesis by epithelial-mesenchymal signaling transduction. However, the action of Shh signaling regulation in this process is not well understood. Here we find that mesenchymal Suppressor of Fused (Sufu), a major negative regulator of Shh signaling, plays an important role in modulating the tooth germ morphogenesis during the bud-to-cap stage transition. Deletion of Sufu in dental mesenchyme by Dermo1-Cre mice leads to delayed development of mandibular molar into cap stage with defect of primary enamel knot (EK) formation. We show the disruption of cell proliferation and programmed cell death in dental epithelium and mesenchyme in Sufu mutants. Epithelial-specific adhesion molecule E-cadherin is evidently reduced in the bilateral basal cells of tooth germ at E14.5. The cells in the presumptive EK, predominantly expressing P-cadherin, appear stratified but fail to condense. Moreover, the transcripts of primary EK marker genes, including Shh, Fgf4, and p21, are significantly decreased compared to controls. In contrast, we find that deficiency of Sufu results in elevation of Shh signaling in mesenchyme, indicated by the significant upregulation of Gli1 and Ptch1. Meanwhile, the expression of Bmp4 and Fgf3, the critical factors of mesenchymal-epithelial induction, is significantly inhibited in dental mesenchyme. Furthermore, the expression of Runx2 experiences a transient decrease at the bud stage. Taken together, these data suggest that mesenchymal Sufu is necessary for tuning the Shh signaling, which may act as an upstream modulator of Bmp4 and Fgf3 to coordinate the interplay between the dental mesenchyme and epithelium of tooth germ.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - J Xu
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Y Cui
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - L Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - B Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Q Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - X Zhang
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - M Qiu
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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27
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Lu X, Yang J, Zhao S, Liu S. Advances of Wnt signalling pathway in dental development and potential clinical application. Organogenesis 2019; 15:101-110. [PMID: 31482738 DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2019.1656996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signalling pathway is widely studied in many processes of biological development, like embryogenesis, tissue homeostasis and wound repair. It is universally known that Wnt signalling pathway plays an important role in tooth development. Here, we summarized the function of Wnt signalling pathway during tooth initiation, crown morphogenesis, root formation, and discussed the therapeutic potential of Wnt modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Lu
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Shouliang Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Shangfeng Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , P. R. China
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28
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Marangoni P, Charles C, Ahn Y, Seidel K, Jheon A, Ganss B, Krumlauf R, Viriot L, Klein OD. Downregulation of FGF Signaling by Spry4 Overexpression Leads to Shape Impairment, Enamel Irregularities, and Delayed Signaling Center Formation in the Mouse Molar. JBMR Plus 2019; 3:e10205. [PMID: 31485553 PMCID: PMC6715786 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
FGF signaling plays a critical role in tooth development, and mutations in modulators of this pathway produce a number of striking phenotypes. However, many aspects of the role of the FGF pathway in regulating the morphological features and the mineral quality of the dentition remain unknown. Here, we used transgenic mice overexpressing the FGF negative feedback regulator Sprouty4 under the epithelial keratin 14 promoter (K14‐Spry4) to achieve downregulation of signaling in the epithelium. This led to highly penetrant defects affecting both cusp morphology and the enamel layer. We characterized the phenotype of erupted molars, identified a developmental delay in K14‐Spry4 transgenic embryos, and linked this with changes in the tooth developmental sequence. These data further delineate the role of FGF signaling in the development of the dentition and implicate the pathway in the regulation of tooth mineralization. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus is published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Marangoni
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences University of California San Francisco CA USA
| | - Cyril Charles
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon Univ Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Lyon France
| | - Youngwook Ahn
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research Kansas City MO USA
| | - Kerstin Seidel
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences University of California San Francisco CA USA
| | - Andrew Jheon
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences University of California San Francisco CA USA
| | | | - Robb Krumlauf
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research Kansas City MO USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology Kansas University Medical Center Kansas City KS USA
| | - Laurent Viriot
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon Univ Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Lyon France
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences University of California San Francisco CA USA.,Department of Pediatrics and Institute for Human Genetics University of California San Francisco CA USA
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29
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Abstract
Wnt/Wingless (Wg) signaling controls many aspects of animal development and is deregulated in different human cancers. The transcription factor dTcf/Pangolin (Pan) is the final effector of the Wg pathway in Drosophila and has a dual role in regulating the expression of Wg target genes. In the presence of Wg, dTcf/Pan interacts with β-catenin/Armadillo (Arm) and induces the transcription of Wg targets. In absence of Wg, dTcf/Pan partners with the transcriptional corepressor TLE/Groucho (Gro) and inhibits gene expression. Here, we use the wing imaginal disk of Drosophila as a model to examine the functions that dTcf/Pan plays in a proliferating epithelium. We report a function of dTcf/Pan in growth control and tumorigenesis. Our results show that dTcf/Pan can limit tissue growth in normal development and suppresses tumorigenesis in the context of oncogene up-regulation. We identify the conserved transcription factors Sox box protein 15 (Sox15) and Ftz transcription factor 1 (Ftz-f1) as genes controlled by dTcf/Pan involved in tumor development. In conclusion, this study reports a role for dTcf/Pan as a repressor of normal and oncogenic growth and identifies the genes inducing tumorigenesis downstream of dTcf/Pan.
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30
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Reynolds K, Kumari P, Sepulveda Rincon L, Gu R, Ji Y, Kumar S, Zhou CJ. Wnt signaling in orofacial clefts: crosstalk, pathogenesis and models. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:12/2/dmm037051. [PMID: 30760477 PMCID: PMC6398499 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.037051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse signaling cues and attendant proteins work together during organogenesis, including craniofacial development. Lip and palate formation starts as early as the fourth week of gestation in humans or embryonic day 9.5 in mice. Disruptions in these early events may cause serious consequences, such as orofacial clefts, mainly cleft lip and/or cleft palate. Morphogenetic Wnt signaling, along with other signaling pathways and transcription regulation mechanisms, plays crucial roles during embryonic development, yet the signaling mechanisms and interactions in lip and palate formation and fusion remain poorly understood. Various Wnt signaling and related genes have been associated with orofacial clefts. This Review discusses the role of Wnt signaling and its crosstalk with cell adhesion molecules, transcription factors, epigenetic regulators and other morphogenetic signaling pathways, including the Bmp, Fgf, Tgfβ, Shh and retinoic acid pathways, in orofacial clefts in humans and animal models, which may provide a better understanding of these disorders and could be applied towards prevention and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Reynolds
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.,Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (BMCDB) Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Priyanka Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Lessly Sepulveda Rincon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Ran Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Yu Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.,Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (BMCDB) Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Chengji J Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA .,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.,Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (BMCDB) Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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31
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Samiei M, Janjić K, Cvikl B, Moritz A, Agis H. The role of sclerostin and dickkopf-1 in oral tissues - A review from the perspective of the dental disciplines. F1000Res 2019; 8:128. [PMID: 31031968 PMCID: PMC6468704 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.17801.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling is of high relevance in the development, homeostasis, and regeneration of oral tissues. Therefore, Wnt signaling is considered to be a potential target for therapeutic strategies. The action of Wnt is tightly controlled by the inhibitors sclerostin (SOST) and Dickkopf (DKK)-1. Given the impact of SOST and DKK-1 in hard tissue formation, related diseases and healing, it is of high relevance to understand their role in oral tissues. The clinical relevance of this knowledge is further underlined by systemic and local approaches which are currently in development for treating a variety of diseases such as osteoporosis and inflammatory hard tissue resorption. In this narrative review, we summarize the current knowledge and understanding on the Wnt signaling inhibitors SOST and DKK-1, and their role in physiology, pathology, and regeneration in oral tissues. We present this role from the perspective of the different specialties in dentistry, including endodontics, orthodontics, periodontics, and oral surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Samiei
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, 1200, Austria
| | - Klara Janjić
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, 1200, Austria
| | - Barbara Cvikl
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, 1200, Austria
| | - Andreas Moritz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, 1200, Austria
| | - Hermann Agis
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, 1200, Austria
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32
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Insulin-like growth factor 1 modulates bioengineered tooth morphogenesis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:368. [PMID: 30675004 PMCID: PMC6344556 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36863-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative therapy to replace missing teeth is a critical area of research. Functional bioengineered teeth have been produced by the organ germ method using mouse tooth germ cells. However, these bioengineered teeth are significantly smaller in size and exhibit an abnormal crown shape when compared with natural teeth. The proper sizes and shapes of teeth contribute to their normal function. Therefore, a method is needed to control the morphology of bioengineered teeth. Here, we investigated whether insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) can regulate the sizes and shapes of bioengineered teeth, and assessed underlying mechanisms of such regulation. IGF1 treatment significantly increased the size of bioengineered tooth germs, while preserving normal tooth histology. IGF1-treated bioengineered teeth, which were developed from bioengineered tooth germs in subrenal capsules and jawbones, showed increased sizes and cusp numbers. IGF1 increased the number of fibroblast growth factor (Fgf4)-expressing enamel knots in bioengineered tooth germs and enhanced the proliferation and differentiation of dental epithelial and mesenchymal cells. This study is the first to reveal that IGF1 increases the sizes and cusp numbers of bioengineered teeth via the induction of enamel knot formation, as well as the proliferation and differentiation of dental epithelial and mesenchymal cells.
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33
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Kumagai Y, Kikuchi T, Nonaka A, Hiraide M, Sato S, Sakuraoka M, Sasaki A, Kobayashi M. Site-directed mutagenesis of cysteine to serine residues affects heparin binding and mitogenicity in fibroblast growth factor 4 produced in Escherichia coli. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2019.1590161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kumagai
- Laboratory for Advanced Animal Cell Technology, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kikuchi
- Laboratory for Advanced Animal Cell Technology, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
| | - Asumi Nonaka
- Laboratory for Advanced Animal Cell Technology, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
| | - Misuzu Hiraide
- Laboratory for Advanced Animal Cell Technology, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
| | - Suguru Sato
- Laboratory for Advanced Animal Cell Technology, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
| | - Mizuki Sakuraoka
- Laboratory for Advanced Animal Cell Technology, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
| | - Akira Sasaki
- Laboratory for Advanced Animal Cell Technology, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
- Akita Research Institute of Food and Brewing, Akita, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kobayashi
- Laboratory for Advanced Animal Cell Technology, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
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34
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Ruiz-Heiland G, Lenz S, Bock N, Ruf S. Prevalence of WNT10A gene mutations in non-syndromic oligodontia. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:3103-3113. [PMID: 30426266 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2731-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Non-syndromic oligodontia is an infrequent clinical condition whose etiology is not yet completely understood being a wide spectrum of gene mutations described in concomitance with this severe form of tooth agenesis. Recently, multiple observations have linked up to 50% of cases with isolated hypodontia to mutations in the WNT10A gene. Here, we hypothesized that mutations in the WNT10A gene could also be present in families affected by non-syndromic oligodontia. MATERIAL AND METHODS All available patients with non-syndromic oligodontia (n = 20) treated at the Department of Orthodontics, University of Giessen, Germany between 1986 and 2013 as well as their family members were analyzed for mutations in the WNT10A gene. RESULTS Mutation screening was positive in 50% of the 20 patients. The analysis revealed that the mutations 2:219755011(c.682T>TA)(p.F228I), 2:219754822(c.493G>GA)(p.G165R), 2:219754816(c.487C>CT)(p.R163W), and 2:219747090(c.321C>CA)(p.C107*), the novel missense mutation 2:219757676(c.937G/GT)(p.G313C), and the novel synonym variant 2:219754854(c.525C>CT)(p.H175H) were present. CONCLUSION Multiple phenotypes are found in individuals presenting mutations in the WNT10A gene. Among them, the stop codon p.C107* as well as the biallelic p.F228I variants correlate with the most severe oligodontia phenotypes. In addition, we diagnosed the monoallelic mutations p.F228I, p.G165R, and p.G313C in healthy relatives with normal dentitions. CLINICAL RELEVANCE A correct diagnosis of non-syndromic oligodontia is fundamental to discard a possible underlying pathology in which multiple tooth agenesis could be the most evidential clinical sign. Due to the wide spectrum of pathologies that are associated to mutations in the WNT10A gene, an extended genetic analysis of these individuals' relatives is also essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ruiz-Heiland
- Department of Orthodontics, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Schlangenzahl 14, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - N Bock
- Department of Orthodontics, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Schlangenzahl 14, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - S Ruf
- Department of Orthodontics, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Schlangenzahl 14, 35392, Giessen, Germany
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Kim J, Ahn Y, Adasooriya D, Woo E, Kim H, Hu K, Krumlauf R, Cho S. Shh Plays an Inhibitory Role in Cusp Patterning by Regulation of Sostdc1. J Dent Res 2018; 98:98-106. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034518803095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Crown shapes in mammalian teeth vary considerably from species to species, and morphological characters in crown shape have been used to identify species. Cusp pattern is one of the characters in crown shape. In the processes governing the formation of cusp pattern, the Shh pathway has been implicated as an important player. Suppression of Shh signaling activity in vitro in explant assays appears to induce supernumerary cusp formation in wild-type tooth germs. However, the in vivo role of Shh signaling in cusp pattern formation and the molecular mechanisms by which Shh regulates cusp patterning are not clear. Here, through in vivo phenotypic analyses of mice in which Shh activity was suppressed and compared with wild-type mice, we characterized differences in the location, number, incidence, and shape of supernumerary cusps in molars at embryonic day 15.5. We found that the distances between cusps were reduced in molars of Shh activity–suppressed mice in vivo. These findings confirm and extend the previous idea that Shh acts as an inhibitor in the reaction-diffusion model for cusp pattern formation by negatively regulating the intercuspal distance. We uncovered a significant reduction of expression level of Sostdc1, which encodes a secreted modulator of Wnt signaling, after suppression of Shh activity. The supernumerary cusp formation in Sostdc1−/− mice and compound Sostdc1 and Lrp mutant mice indicates a strong association between Wnt and Shh signaling pathways in cusp patterning. In further support of this idea, there is a high degree of similarity in the supernumerary cusp patterns of mice lacking Sostdc1 or Shh at embryonic day 15.5. These results suggest that Shh plays an inhibitory role in cusp pattern formation by modulating Wnt signaling through the positive regulation of Sostdc1.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Kim
- Division of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y. Ahn
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - D. Adasooriya
- Division of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - E.J. Woo
- Department of History, College of Liberal Art, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea
| | - H.J. Kim
- Division of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - K.S. Hu
- Division of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - R. Krumlauf
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - S.W. Cho
- Division of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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36
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Aloysius A, DasGupta R, Dhawan J. The transcription factor Lef1 switches partners from β-catenin to Smad3 during muscle stem cell quiescence. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/540/eaan3000. [PMID: 30042129 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aan3000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle stem cells (MuSCs), also known as satellite cells, persist in adult mammals by entering a state of quiescence (G0) during the early postnatal period. Quiescence is reversed during damage-induced regeneration and re-established after regeneration. Entry of cultured myoblasts into G0 is associated with a specific, reversible induction of Wnt target genes, thus implicating members of the Tcf and Lef1 (Tcf/Lef) transcription factor family, which mediate transcriptional responses to Wnt signaling, in the initiation of quiescence. We found that the canonical Wnt effector β-catenin, which cooperates with Tcf/Lef, was dispensable for myoblasts to enter quiescence. Using pharmacological and genetic approaches in cultured C2C12 myoblasts and in MuSCs, we demonstrated that Tcf/Lef activity during quiescence depended not on β-catenin but on the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) effector and transcriptional coactivator Smad3, which colocalized with Lef1 at canonical Wnt-responsive elements and directly interacted with Lef1 specifically in G0 Depletion of Smad3, but not β-catenin, reduced Lef1 occupancy at target promoters, Tcf/Lef target gene expression, and self-renewal of myoblasts. In vivo, MuSCs underwent a switch from β-catenin-Lef1 to Smad3-Lef1 interactions during the postnatal switch from proliferation to quiescence, with β-catenin-Lef1 interactions recurring during damage-induced reactivation. Our findings suggest that the interplay of Wnt-Tcf/Lef and TGF-β-Smad3 signaling activates canonical Wnt target promoters in a manner that depends on β-catenin during myoblast proliferation but is independent of β-catenin during MuSC quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajoy Aloysius
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065, India.,Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500007, India.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore 560065, India
| | | | - Jyotsna Dhawan
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500007, India. .,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore 560065, India
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Smith EE, Angstadt S, Monteiro N, Zhang W, Khademhosseini A, Yelick PC. Bioengineered Tooth Buds Exhibit Features of Natural Tooth Buds. J Dent Res 2018; 97:1144-1151. [PMID: 29879370 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518779075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tooth loss is a significant health issue currently affecting millions of people worldwide. Artificial dental implants, the current gold standard tooth replacement therapy, do not exhibit many properties of natural teeth and can be associated with complications leading to implant failure. Here we propose bioengineered tooth buds as a superior alternative tooth replacement therapy. We describe improved methods to create highly cellularized bioengineered tooth bud constructs that formed hallmark features that resemble natural tooth buds such as the dental epithelial stem cell niche, enamel knot signaling centers, transient amplifying cells, and mineralized dental tissue formation. These constructs were composed of postnatal dental cells encapsulated within a hydrogel material that were implanted subcutaneously into immunocompromised rats. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the use of postnatal dental cells to create bioengineered tooth buds that exhibit evidence of these features of natural tooth development. We propose future bioengineered tooth buds as a promising, clinically relevant tooth replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Smith
- 1 Program in Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Angstadt
- 2 Department of Orthodontics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - N Monteiro
- 2 Department of Orthodontics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - W Zhang
- 2 Department of Orthodontics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Khademhosseini
- 3 Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - P C Yelick
- 1 Program in Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,2 Department of Orthodontics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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38
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Abstract
Enamel knot (EK) is known to be a central organ in tooth development, especially for cusp patterning. To trace the exact position and movement among the inner dental epithelium (IDE) and EK cells, and to monitor the relationship between the EK and cusp patterning, it is essential that we understand the cell cycle status of the EK in early stages of tooth development. In this study, thymidine analogous (IdU, BrdU) staining was used to evaluate the cell cycle phase of the primary EK at the early casp stage (E13.0) and the gerbil embryo (E19) in a developing mouse embryo. The centerpiece of this study was to describe the cell cycle phasing and sequencing during proliferation in the IDE according to the expression of IdU and BrdU following their injection at calculated time points. The interval time between IdU injection and BrdU injection was set at 4 h. As a result, the cell cycle in the IDE of the mouse and gerbil was found to be synchronous. Conversely, the cell cycle in primary EKs of mice was much longer than that of the IDE. Therefore, the difference of cell cycle of the IDE and the EK is related to the diversity of cusp patterning and would provide a new insight into tooth morphogenesis.
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39
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The Role of Fibroblast Growth Factors in Tooth Development and Incisor Renewal. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:7549160. [PMID: 29713351 PMCID: PMC5866892 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7549160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The mineralized tissue of the tooth is composed of enamel, dentin, cementum, and alveolar bone; enamel is a calcified tissue with no living cells that originates from oral ectoderm, while the three other tissues derive from the cranial neural crest. The fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are critical during the tooth development. Accumulating evidence has shown that the formation of dental tissues, that is, enamel, dentin, and supporting alveolar bone, as well as the development and homeostasis of the stem cells in the continuously growing mouse incisor is mediated by multiple FGF family members. This review discusses the role of FGF signaling in these mineralized tissues, trying to separate its different functions and highlighting the crosstalk between FGFs and other signaling pathways.
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40
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Li L, Tang Q, Kwon HJE, Wu Z, Kim EJ, Jung HS. An Explanation for How FGFs Predict Species-Specific Tooth Cusp Patterns. J Dent Res 2018; 97:828-834. [PMID: 29489426 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518759625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Species-specific cusp patterns result from the iterative formation of enamel knots, the epithelial signaling centers, at the future cusp positions. The expressions of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), especially Fgf4, in the secondary enamel knots in the areas of the future cusp tips are generally used to manifest the appearance of species-specific tooth shapes. However, the mechanism underlying the predictive role of FGFs in species-specific cusp patterns remains obscure. Here, we demonstrated that gerbils, which have a lophodont pattern, exhibit a striped expression pattern of Fgf4, whereas mice, which have a bunodont pattern, have a spotted expression pattern, and these observations verify the predictive role of Fgf4 in species-specific cusp patterns. By manipulating FGFs' signaling in the inner dental epithelium of gerbils, we provide evidence for the intracellular participation of FGF signaling, specifically FGF4 and FGF20, in Rac1- and RhoA-regulated cellular geometry remolding during the determination of different cusp patterns. Our study presents a novel explanation of how different FGF expression patterns produce different cusp patterns and implies that a conserved intracellular FGF-GTPase signaling module might represent an underlying developmental basis for evolutionary changes in cusp patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Li
- 1 Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,2 Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Q Tang
- 1 Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,2 Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - H-J E Kwon
- 1 Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,3 Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Z Wu
- 4 Oral Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - E-J Kim
- 1 Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H-S Jung
- 1 Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,4 Oral Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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41
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Seo H, Amano T, Seki R, Sagai T, Kim J, Cho SW, Shiroishi T. Upstream Enhancer Elements of Shh Regulate Oral and Dental Patterning. J Dent Res 2018; 97:1055-1063. [PMID: 29481312 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518758642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog ( Shh) is important in pattern formation during development. Shh transcription is modulated by a long-range regulatory mechanism containing a number of enhancers, which are spread over nearly 850 kb in the mouse genome. Shh enhancers in the nervous system have been found between intron and 430 kb upstream of Shh. Enhancers in the oral cavity, pharynx, lung, gut, and limbs have been discovered between 610 kb and 850 kb upstream of Shh. However, the intergenic region ranging from 430 to 610 kb upstream of Shh remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we found a novel long-range enhancer located 558 kb upstream of Shh. The enhancer showed in vivo activity in oral cavity and whiskers. A targeted deletion from the novel enhancer to mammal reptile conserved sequence 1 (MRCS1), which is a known enhancer of Shh in oral cavity, resulted in supernumerary molar formation, confirming the essential role of this intergenic region for Shh transcription in teeth. Furthermore, we clarified the binding of Lef1/Tcfs to the new enhancer and MRCS1, suggesting that Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates Shh signaling in the oral cavity via these enhancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Seo
- 1 Division of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,2 Brain Korea 21 Plus Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,3 Current address: Department of Oral Histology-Developmental Biology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - T Amano
- 4 Mammalian Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - R Seki
- 4 Mammalian Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - T Sagai
- 4 Mammalian Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - J Kim
- 1 Division of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,2 Brain Korea 21 Plus Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S W Cho
- 1 Division of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - T Shiroishi
- 4 Mammalian Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
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42
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He R, Xhabija B, Al-Qanber B, Kidder BL. OCT4 supports extended LIF-independent self-renewal and maintenance of transcriptional and epigenetic networks in embryonic stem cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16360. [PMID: 29180818 PMCID: PMC5703885 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16611-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) cell pluripotency is governed by OCT4-centric transcriptional networks. Conventional ES cells can be derived and maintained in vitro with media containing the cytokine leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), which propagates the pluripotent state by activating STAT3 signaling, and simultaneous inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) and MAP kinase/ERK kinase signaling. However, it is unclear whether overexpression of OCT4 is sufficient to overcome LIF-dependence. Here, we show that inducible expression of OCT4 (iOCT4) supports long-term LIF-independent self-renewal of ES cells cultured in media containing fetal bovine serum (FBS) and a glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) inhibitor, and in serum-free media. Global expression analysis revealed that LIF-independent iOCT4 ES cells and control ES cells exhibit similar transcriptional programs relative to epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) and differentiated cells. Epigenomic profiling also demonstrated similar patterns of histone modifications between LIF-independent iOCT4 and control ES cells. Moreover, LIF-independent iOCT4 ES cells retain the capacity to differentiate in vitro and in vivo upon downregulation of OCT4 expression. These findings indicate that OCT4 expression is sufficient to sustain intrinsic signaling in a LIF-independent manner to promote ES cell pluripotency and self-renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runsheng He
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Besa Xhabija
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, MI, USA
| | - Batool Al-Qanber
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Benjamin L Kidder
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA. .,Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Wu X, Li Y, Wang F, Hu L, Li Y, Wang J, Zhang C, Wang S. Spatiotemporal Expression of Wnt/β-catenin Signaling during Morphogenesis and Odontogenesis of Deciduous Molar in Miniature Pig. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:1082-1091. [PMID: 28924388 PMCID: PMC5599912 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.20905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway has been shown to play essential roles in tooth initiation and early tooth development. However, the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in cusp patterning and crown calcification in large mammals are largely unknown. In our previous study, miniature pigs were used as the animal model due to the similarity of tooth anatomy and replacement pattern between miniature pig and human. Dynamic gene expression of third deciduous molar (DM3) in miniature pig at early stages was profiled using microarray method and expression of Wnt genes was significantly correlate with odontogenesis. In the present study, dynamic expression patterns of Wnt/β-catenin signaling genes of DM3 at cap, early bell and late bell (secretory) stage were identified. We found that Lef1 and Axin2 were expressed in the enamel knot and underlying mesenchyme regions. Meanwhile, Dkk1 was expressed in the peripheral and lower parts of dental papilla, thus forming the potential Wnt signaling gradient. We also found that β-Catenin, Axin2 and Lef1 were expressed strongly in undifferentiated cells of the inner enamel epithelium (IEE), but weakly in differentiated ameloblasts. Furthermore, we found that both Wnt signaling read-out gene Lef1 and the inhibitor Dkk1 were co-expressed in the pre-odontoblasts. In conclusion, the spatiotemporal distribution and potential gradient of Wnt signaling may contribute to cusp patterning and crown calcification. These data may yield insight into future study of precise control of crown morphogenesis and regeneration in large mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Wu
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Li
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Fu Wang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Oral Basic Science, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Songlin Wang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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44
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Lu X, Yu F, Liu J, Cai W, Zhao Y, Zhao S, Liu S. The epidemiology of supernumerary teeth and the associated molecular mechanism. Organogenesis 2017; 13:71-82. [PMID: 28598258 DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2017.1332554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Supernumerary teeth are common clinical dental anomalies. Although various studies have provided abundant information regarding genes and signaling pathways involved in tooth morphogenesis, which include Wnt, FGF, BMP, and Shh, the molecular mechanism of tooth formation, especially for supernumerary teeth, is still unclear. In the population, some cases of supernumerary teeth are sporadic, while others are syndrome-related with familial hereditary. The prompt and accurate diagnosis of syndrome related supernumerary teeth is quite important for some distinctive disorders. Mice are the most commonly used model system for investigating supernumerary teeth. The upregulation of Wnt and Shh signaling in the dental epithelium results in the formation of multiple supernumerary teeth in mice. Understanding the molecular mechanism of supernumerary teeth is also a component of understanding tooth formation in general and provides clinical guidance for early diagnosis and treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Lu
- a Department of Stomatology , Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , P.R. China
| | - Fang Yu
- b Department of Pediatric Dentistry , School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration , Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Junjun Liu
- a Department of Stomatology , Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , P.R. China
| | - Wenping Cai
- a Department of Stomatology , Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , P.R. China
| | - Yumei Zhao
- b Department of Pediatric Dentistry , School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration , Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Shouliang Zhao
- a Department of Stomatology , Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , P.R. China
| | - Shangfeng Liu
- a Department of Stomatology , Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , P.R. China
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45
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Seppala M, Fraser GJ, Birjandi AA, Xavier GM, Cobourne MT. Sonic Hedgehog Signaling and Development of the Dentition. J Dev Biol 2017; 5:jdb5020006. [PMID: 29615564 PMCID: PMC5831762 DOI: 10.3390/jdb5020006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is an essential signaling peptide required for normal embryonic development. It represents a highly-conserved marker of odontogenesis amongst the toothed vertebrates. Signal transduction is involved in early specification of the tooth-forming epithelium in the oral cavity, and, ultimately, in defining tooth number within the established dentition. Shh also promotes the morphogenetic movement of epithelial cells in the early tooth bud, and influences cell cycle regulation, morphogenesis, and differentiation in the tooth germ. More recently, Shh has been identified as a stem cell regulator in the continuously erupting incisors of mice. Here, we review contemporary data relating to the role of Shh in odontogenesis, focusing on tooth development in mammals and cartilaginous fishes. We also describe the multiple actions of this signaling protein at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisa Seppala
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London Dental Institute, Floor 27, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK.
- Department of Orthodontics, King's College London Dental Institute, Floor 22, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK.
| | - Gareth J Fraser
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, Alfred Denny Building, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
| | - Anahid A Birjandi
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London Dental Institute, Floor 27, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK.
| | - Guilherme M Xavier
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London Dental Institute, Floor 27, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK.
- Department of Orthodontics, King's College London Dental Institute, Floor 22, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK.
| | - Martyn T Cobourne
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London Dental Institute, Floor 27, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK.
- Department of Orthodontics, King's College London Dental Institute, Floor 22, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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Li A, Hooli B, Mullin K, Tate RE, Bubnys A, Kirchner R, Chapman B, Hofmann O, Hide W, Tanzi RE. Silencing of the Drosophila ortholog of SOX5 leads to abnormal neuronal development and behavioral impairment. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:1472-1482. [PMID: 28186563 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
SOX5 encodes a transcription factor that is expressed in multiple tissues including heart, lung and brain. Mutations in SOX5 have been previously found in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and developmental delay, intellectual disability and dysmorphic features. To characterize the neuronal role of SOX5, we silenced the Drosophila ortholog of SOX5, Sox102F, by RNAi in various neuronal subtypes in Drosophila. Silencing of Sox102F led to misorientated and disorganized michrochaetes, neurons with shorter dendritic arborization (DA) and reduced complexity, diminished larval peristaltic contractions, loss of neuromuscular junction bouton structures, impaired olfactory perception, and severe neurodegeneration in brain. Silencing of SOX5 in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells resulted in a significant repression of WNT signaling activity and altered expression of WNT-related genes. Genetic association and meta-analyses of the results in several large family-based and case-control late-onset familial Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) samples of SOX5 variants revealed several variants that show significant association with AD disease status. In addition, analysis for rare and highly penetrate functional variants revealed four novel variants/mutations in SOX5, which taken together with functional prediction analysis, suggests a strong role of SOX5 causing AD in the carrier families. Collectively, these findings indicate that SOX5 is a novel candidate gene for LOAD with an important role in neuronal function. The genetic findings warrant further studies to identify and characterize SOX5 variants that confer risk for AD, ALS and intellectual disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airong Li
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Basavaraj Hooli
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Kristina Mullin
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Rebecca E Tate
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Adele Bubnys
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Rory Kirchner
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Brad Chapman
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Oliver Hofmann
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Center for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3000, Australia and
| | - Winston Hide
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Rudolph E Tanzi
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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Murakami T, Saitoh I, Sato M, Inada E, Soda M, Oda M, Domon H, Iwase Y, Sawami T, Matsueda K, Terao Y, Ohshima H, Noguchi H, Hayasaki H. Isolation and characterization of lymphoid enhancer factor-1-positive deciduous dental pulp stem-like cells after transfection with a piggyBac vector containing LEF1 promoter-driven selection markers. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 81:110-120. [PMID: 28500952 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor-1 (LEF1) is a 48-kD nuclear protein that is expressed in pre-B and T cells. LEF1 is also an important member of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway that plays important roles in the self-renewal and differentiation of embryonic stem cells. We speculated that LEF1 might function in the stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED). In this study, we attempted to isolate such LEF1-positive cells from human deciduous dental pulp cells (HDDPCs) by genetic engineering technology, using the human LEF1 promoter. DESIGN A piggyBac transposon plasmid (pTA-LEN) was introduced into HDDPCs, using the Neon® transfection system. After G418 selection, the emerging colonies were assessed for EGFP-derived fluorescence by fluorescence microscopy. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis was performed using RNA isolated from these colonies to examine stem cell-specific transcript expression. Osteoblastic or neuronal differentiation was induced by cultivating the LEF1-positive cells with differentiation-inducing medium. RESULTS RT-PCR analysis confirmed the expression of several stem cell markers, including OCT3/4, SOX2, REX1, and NANOG, in LEF1-positive HDDPCs, which could be differentiated into osteoblasts and neuronal cells. CONCLUSIONS The isolated LEF1-positive HDDPCs exhibited the properties of stem cells, suggesting that LEF1 might serve as a marker for SHED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Murakami
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Issei Saitoh
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Sato
- Section of Gene Expression Regulation, Frontier Science Research Center, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Emi Inada
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Miki Soda
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masataka Oda
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control Science Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hisanori Domon
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yoko Iwase
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tadashi Sawami
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kazunari Matsueda
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yutaka Terao
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hayato Ohshima
- Division of Anatomy and Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Graduate University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Noguchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Haruaki Hayasaki
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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48
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Nakamura T, Jimenez-Rojo L, Koyama E, Pacifici M, de Vega S, Iwamoto M, Fukumoto S, Unda F, Yamada Y. Epiprofin Regulates Enamel Formation and Tooth Morphogenesis by Controlling Epithelial-Mesenchymal Interactions During Tooth Development. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:601-610. [PMID: 27787957 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The synchronization of cell proliferation and cytodifferentiation between dental epithelial and mesenchymal cells is required for the morphogenesis of teeth with the correct functional shapes and optimum sizes. Epiprofin (Epfn), a transcription factor belonging to the Sp family, regulates dental epithelial cell proliferation and is essential for ameloblast and odontoblast differentiation. Epfn deficiency results in the lack of enamel and ironically the formation of extra teeth. We investigated the mechanism underlying the functions of Epfn in tooth development through the creation of transgenic mice expressing Epfn under the control of an epithelial cell-specific K5 promoter (K5-Epfn). We found that these K5-Epfn mice developed abnormally shaped incisors and molars and formed fewer molars in the mandible. Remarkably, ameloblasts differentiated ectopically and enamel was formed on the lingual side of the K5-Epfn incisors. By contrast, ameloblasts and enamel were found only on the labial side in wild-type mice, as Follistatin (Fst) expressed in the lingual side inhibits BMP4 signaling necessary for ameloblast differentiation. We showed that Epfn transfection into the dental epithelial cell line SF2 abrogated the inhibitory activity of Fst and promoted ameloblast differentiation of SF2 cells. We found that Epfn induced FGF9 in dental epithelial cells and this dental epithelial cell-derived FGF9 promoted dental mesenchymal cell proliferation via the FGF receptor 1c (FGFR1c). Taken together, these results suggest that Epfn preserves the balance between cell proliferation and cytodifferentiation in dental epithelial and mesenchymal cells during normal tooth development and morphogenesis. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nakamura
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, Department of Oral Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan.,Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lucia Jimenez-Rojo
- Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eiki Koyama
- Division of Orthopedic Research Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maurizio Pacifici
- Division of Orthopedic Research Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Susana de Vega
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Iwamoto
- Division of Orthopedic Research Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Satoshi Fukumoto
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Fernando Unda
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Yoshihiko Yamada
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Dos Santos ÍGD, Jorge EC, Copola AGL, Bertassoli BM, Goes AMD, Silva GAB. FGF2, FGF3 and FGF4 expression pattern during molars odontogenesis in Didelphis albiventris. Acta Histochem 2017; 119:129-141. [PMID: 28012573 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Odontogenesis is guided by a complex signaling cascade in which several molecules, including FGF2-4, ensure all dental groups development and specificity. Most of the data on odontogenesis derives from rodents, which does not have all dental groups. Didelphis albiventris is an opossum with the closest dentition to humans, and the main odontogenesis stages occur when the newborns are in the pouch. In this study, D. albiventris postnatals were used to characterize the main stages of their molars development; and also to establish FGF2, FGF3 and FGF4 expression pattern. D. albiventris postnatals were processed for histological and indirect immunoperoxidase analysis of the tooth germs. Our results revealed similar dental structures between D. albiventris and mice. However, FGF2, FGF3 and FGF4 expression patterns were observed in a larger number of dental structures, suggesting broader functions for these molecules in this opossum species. The knowledge of the signaling that determinates odontogenesis in an animal model with complete dentition may contribute to the development of therapies for the replacement of lost teeth in humans. This study may also contribute to the implementation of D. albiventris as model for Developmental Biology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Íria Gabriela Dias Dos Santos
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Morfologia, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Erika Cristina Jorge
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Morfologia, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Aline Gonçalves Lio Copola
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Morfologia, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Bruno Machado Bertassoli
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Morfologia, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Alfredo Miranda de Goes
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Morfologia, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Gerluza Aparecida Borges Silva
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Morfologia, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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50
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Shimizu T, Han J, Asada Y, Okamoto H, Maeda T. Localization of am3 using EL Congenic Mouse Strains. J Dent Res 2016; 84:315-9. [PMID: 15790735 DOI: 10.1177/154405910508400404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
EL/Sea mice have 100% incidence of the absence of third molars (M3). Our previous linkage analysis using EL/Sea and MSM/Msf mouse strains provides statistical evidence of a major locus for the absence of M3, designated am3, of EL/Sea at the middle region of chromosome 3. To obtain independent evidence for linkage and more precisely determine the location of the am3 locus, we generated EL/Sea congenic strains for am3 in which the restricted interval of chromosome 3 of EL/Sea was replaced by an MSM/Msf-derived homologue. EL/Sea congenic mice that were either heterozygous or homozygous for the MSM/Msf-derived interval exhibited a significant decrease in the incidence of the absence of third molars, confirming previous genome scan results. These results confine the am3 locus to an approximately 4.4-cM region, and demonstrate that other unmapped genes are also involved in the absence of M3 in EL/Sea mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shimizu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-Nishi, Chiba 271-8587, Japan.
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