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Lima ALR, Macedo Pereira C, Schiavetti A, Hackradt CW, Félix-Hackradt FC. Multiple events determine the distribution of fishes' early life stages in the Abrolhos Bank, Southwestern Atlantic. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 199:106575. [PMID: 38843654 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Fluctuations in reef fish settlement and recruitment significantly impact local population dynamics and adult population size. We use light traps to evaluate reef fish settlement in inshore and offshore reefs in the Abrolhos Bank, in addition to the spatio-temporal distribution patterns, and environmental variables' influence. Data were collected from inshore and offshore reefs, and statistical analyses, including GLMs, PERMANOVA and nMDS, aimed to understand spatial-temporal species distribution patterns and the relationship between environmental variables. Results indicate greater species abundance and diversity offshore, influenced by winds, tides, and distance from shore, explaining 50% of larval patterns and highlighting the importance of spatial-temporal variations in early-life reef fish assemblages. However, several factors, including habitat type, quality, complexity, seascape configuration, and MPA location, may influence these patterns. Additionally, we provide evidence that commercially important species like Lutjanids use Abrolhos reef areas as nursery grounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- André L R Lima
- Marine Ecology and Conservation Lab. Centre for Environmental Science, Universidade Federal Do Sul da Bahia, Campus Sosígenes Costa, Rod BR 367 Km 10, 45810-000, Porto Seguro, Bahia, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação Em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rod Jorge Amado Km 16, Bairro Salobrinho, 45662-900, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Cristiano Macedo Pereira
- Marine Ecology and Conservation Lab. Centre for Environmental Science, Universidade Federal Do Sul da Bahia, Campus Sosígenes Costa, Rod BR 367 Km 10, 45810-000, Porto Seguro, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Schiavetti
- Ethnoconservation and Protected Areas Lab. Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais (DCAA), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, BA, Brazil; Research Associate CESIMAR, CENPAT, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Carlos Werner Hackradt
- Marine Ecology and Conservation Lab. Centre for Environmental Science, Universidade Federal Do Sul da Bahia, Campus Sosígenes Costa, Rod BR 367 Km 10, 45810-000, Porto Seguro, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Cézar Félix-Hackradt
- Marine Ecology and Conservation Lab. Centre for Environmental Science, Universidade Federal Do Sul da Bahia, Campus Sosígenes Costa, Rod BR 367 Km 10, 45810-000, Porto Seguro, Bahia, Brazil
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2
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Ngisiange N, Tarimo B, Daudi L, Mwangi S, Malesa F, George R, Kyewalyanga MS, Gullström M, Osore M, Mwaluma J, Winder M. Seasonal fish larvae abundance and composition in seagrass habitats of coastal East Africa. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11203. [PMID: 38755235 PMCID: PMC11099122 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62012-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Seagrass habitats play a major role in fisheries productivity through nursery functions and feeding grounds for diverse fish species. However, little is known about the seasonal distribution of fish larvae at large spatial scales in coastal East Africa. We investigated drivers of the seasonal fish larvae abundance and composition in seagrass habitats in Kenya and Tanzania. We found a high diversity of fish larvae (54 families) inhabiting seagrass habitats that differed between sites and seasons. Fish larvae abundance were highest in Kenya, particularly during the northeast monsoon season. Overall, total larval abundances per site were low, reaching less than 190 individuals/100 m3 in Kenya and less than 40 individuals/100 m3 in Tanzania, likely related to the low productivity and strong hydrodynamic processes in this region. Our data suggests that most of the fish spawn year-round in these tropical waters as we did not find strong seasonal patterns. All sites had a high relative abundance of larvae from demersal spawning fishes, indicating that many fish species move to coastal sites for spawning. Primary productivity and dissolved oxygen, driven by hydrodynamics conditions are positively related to fish larvae productivity both in Kenya and Tanzania. These findings indicate that the occurrence of both resident and transient fish larvae in seagrass meadows is driven by strong hydrodynamic and tidal processes that transport fish larvae across adjacent habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Ngisiange
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Directorate of Ocean and Coastal Systems, Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, Mombasa, Kenya.
| | - Barnabas Tarimo
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, Zanzibar, Tanzania
| | - Lillian Daudi
- Directorate of Ocean and Coastal Systems, Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, Mombasa, Kenya
| | - Stephen Mwangi
- Directorate of Ocean and Coastal Systems, Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, Mombasa, Kenya
| | - Fadhili Malesa
- School of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Technology, University of Dar es Salaam, Zanzibar, Tanzania
| | | | | | - Martin Gullström
- School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Melckzedeck Osore
- Directorate of Ocean and Coastal Systems, Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, Mombasa, Kenya
| | - James Mwaluma
- Directorate of Ocean and Coastal Systems, Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, Mombasa, Kenya
| | - Monika Winder
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
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3
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Franklin PA, Bašić T, Davison PI, Dunkley K, Ellis J, Gangal M, González-Ferreras AM, Gutmann Roberts C, Hunt G, Joyce D, Klöcker CA, Mawer R, Rittweg T, Stoilova V, Gutowsky LFG. Aquatic connectivity: challenges and solutions in a changing climate. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38584261 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The challenge of managing aquatic connectivity in a changing climate is exacerbated in the presence of additional anthropogenic stressors, social factors, and economic drivers. Here we discuss these issues in the context of structural and functional connectivity for aquatic biodiversity, specifically fish, in both the freshwater and marine realms. We posit that adaptive management strategies that consider shifting baselines and the socio-ecological implications of climate change will be required to achieve management objectives. The role of renewable energy expansion, particularly hydropower, is critically examined for its impact on connectivity. We advocate for strategic spatial planning that incorporates nature-positive solutions, ensuring climate mitigation efforts are harmonized with biodiversity conservation. We underscore the urgency of integrating robust scientific modelling with stakeholder values to define clear, adaptive management objectives. Finally, we call for innovative monitoring and predictive decision-making tools to navigate the uncertainties inherent in a changing climate, with the goal of ensuring the resilience and sustainability of aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Franklin
- National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Tea Bašić
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft, UK
| | - Phil I Davison
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft, UK
| | - Katie Dunkley
- Christ's College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan Ellis
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Mayuresh Gangal
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
- Nature Conservation Foundation, Mysore, India
| | - Alexia M González-Ferreras
- IHCantabria - Instituto de Hidráulica Ambiental de la Universidad de Cantabria. C/Isabel Torres 15, Santander, Spain
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | | | - Georgina Hunt
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Domino Joyce
- Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - C Antonia Klöcker
- Institute of Marine Research, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rachel Mawer
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Timo Rittweg
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Division of Integrative Fisheries Management, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden, Berlin, Germany
| | - Velizara Stoilova
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
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4
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Caughman AM, Gaines SD, Bradley D. Climate change reduces long-term population benefits from no-take marine protected areas through selective pressures on species movement. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17240. [PMID: 38511480 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Marine protected areas (MPAs) are important conservation tools that confer ecosystem benefits by removing fishing within their borders to allow stocks to rebuild. Fishing mortality outside a traditionally fixed MPA can exert selective pressure for low movement alleles, resulting in enhanced protection. While evolving to move less may be useful for conservation presently, it could be detrimental in the face of climate change for species that need to move to track their thermal optimum. Here, we build a spatially explicit simulation model to assess the impact of movement evolution in and around static MPAs resulting from both fishing mortality and temperature-dependent natural mortality on conservation benefits across five climate scenarios: (i) linear mean temperature shift, (ii) El Niño/La Niña conditions, (iii) heat waves, (iv) heatwaves with a mean temperature shift, and (v) no climate change. While movement evolution allows populations within MPAs to survive longer, we find that over time, climate change degrades the benefits by selecting for higher movement genotypes. Resulting population declines within MPAs are faster than expected based on climate mortality alone, even within the largest MPAs. Our findings suggest that while static MPAs may conserve species for a time, other strategies, such as dynamic MPA networks or assisted migration, may also be required to effectively incorporate climate change into conservation planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M Caughman
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Steven D Gaines
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Darcy Bradley
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
- The Nature Conservancy, California Oceans Program, Santa Barbara, California, USA
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5
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Keggin T, Waldock C, Skeels A, Hagen O, Albouy C, Manel S, Pellissier L. Diversity across organisational scale emerges through dispersal ability and speciation dynamics in tropical fish. BMC Biol 2023; 21:282. [PMID: 38053182 PMCID: PMC10696697 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01771-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biodiversity exists at different levels of organisation: e.g. genetic, individual, population, species, and community. These levels of organisation all exist within the same system, with diversity patterns emerging across organisational scales through several key processes. Despite this inherent interconnectivity, observational studies reveal that diversity patterns across levels are not consistent and the underlying mechanisms for variable continuity in diversity across levels remain elusive. To investigate these mechanisms, we apply a spatially explicit simulation model to simulate the global diversification of tropical reef fishes at both the population and species levels through emergent population-level processes. RESULTS We find significant relationships between the population and species levels of diversity which vary depending on both the measure of diversity and the spatial partitioning considered. In turn, these population-species relationships are driven by modelled biological trait parameters, especially the divergence threshold at which populations speciate. CONCLUSIONS To explain variation in multi-level diversity patterns, we propose a simple, yet novel, population-to-species diversity partitioning mechanism through speciation which disrupts continuous diversity patterns across organisational levels. We expect that in real-world systems this mechanism is driven by the molecular dynamics that determine genetic incompatibility, and therefore reproductive isolation between individuals. We put forward a framework in which the mechanisms underlying patterns of diversity across organisational levels are universal, and through this show how variable patterns of diversity can emerge through organisational scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Keggin
- Ecosystems and Landscape Evolution, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Unit of Land Change Science, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
| | - Conor Waldock
- Division of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Skeels
- Ecosystems and Landscape Evolution, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Unit of Land Change Science, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Division of Ecology & Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Oskar Hagen
- Evolution and Adaptation, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Ecological Modelling, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Camille Albouy
- Ecosystems and Landscape Evolution, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Unit of Land Change Science, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Manel
- CEFE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE- PSL University, Montpellier, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Loïc Pellissier
- Ecosystems and Landscape Evolution, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Unit of Land Change Science, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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Hendrick GC, Nicholson MD, Pagan JA, Artim JM, Dolan MC, Sikkel PC. Blood meal identification reveals extremely broad host range and host-bias in a temporary ectoparasite of coral reef fishes. Oecologia 2023; 203:349-360. [PMID: 37951847 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05468-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Appreciation for the role of cryptofauna in ecological systems has increased dramatically over the past decade. The impacts blood-feeding arthropods, such as ticks and mosquitos, have on terrestrial communities are the subject of hundreds of papers annually. However, blood-feeding arthropods have been largely ignored in marine environments. Gnathiid isopods, often referred to as "ticks of the sea", are temporary external parasites of fishes. They are found in all marine environments and have many consequential impacts on host fitness. Because they are highly mobile and only associated with their hosts while obtaining a blood meal, their broader trophic connections are difficult to discern. Conventional methods rely heavily on detecting gnathiids on wild-caught fishes. However, this approach typically yields few gnathiids and does not account for hosts that avoid capture. To overcome this limitation, we sequenced blood meals of free-living gnathiids collected in light traps to assess the host range and community-dependent exploitation of Caribbean gnathiid isopods. Using fish-specific COI (cox1) primers, sequencing individual blood meals from 1060 gnathiids resulted in the identification of 70 host fish species from 27 families. Comparisons of fish assemblages to blood meal identification frequencies at four collection sites indicated that fishes within the families Haemulidae (grunts) and Lutjanidae (snappers) were exploited more frequently than expected based on their biomass, and Labrid parrotfishes were exploited less frequently than expected. The broad host range along with the biased exploitation of diel-migratory species has important implications for the role gnathiid isopods play in Caribbean coral reef communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina C Hendrick
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Matthew D Nicholson
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - J Andres Pagan
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, CIBIO - Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - John M Artim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, USA
| | - Maureen C Dolan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, USA
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, USA
| | - Paul C Sikkel
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
- Water Research Group, Unit of Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
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7
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Zamborain-Mason J, Cinner JE, MacNeil MA, Graham NAJ, Hoey AS, Beger M, Brooks AJ, Booth DJ, Edgar GJ, Feary DA, Ferse SCA, Friedlander AM, Gough CLA, Green AL, Mouillot D, Polunin NVC, Stuart-Smith RD, Wantiez L, Williams ID, Wilson SK, Connolly SR. Sustainable reference points for multispecies coral reef fisheries. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5368. [PMID: 37666831 PMCID: PMC10477311 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41040-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustainably managing fisheries requires regular and reliable evaluation of stock status. However, most multispecies reef fisheries around the globe tend to lack research and monitoring capacity, preventing the estimation of sustainable reference points against which stocks can be assessed. Here, combining fish biomass data for >2000 coral reefs, we estimate site-specific sustainable reference points for coral reef fisheries and use these and available catch estimates to assess the status of global coral reef fish stocks. We reveal that >50% of sites and jurisdictions with available information have stocks of conservation concern, having failed at least one fisheries sustainability benchmark. We quantify the trade-offs between biodiversity, fish length, and ecosystem functions relative to key benchmarks and highlight the ecological benefits of increasing sustainability. Our approach yields multispecies sustainable reference points for coral reef fisheries using environmental conditions, a promising means for enhancing the sustainability of the world's coral reef fisheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Zamborain-Mason
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.
| | - Joshua E Cinner
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - M Aaron MacNeil
- Ocean Frontier Institute, Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 3J5, Canada
| | | | - Andrew S Hoey
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Maria Beger
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, UK
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Andrew J Brooks
- Coastal Research Center, Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - David J Booth
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney 2007 Australia, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Graham J Edgar
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | | | - Sebastian C A Ferse
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), 28359, Bremen, Germany
- Faculty of Biology & Chemistry (FB2), University of Bremen, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Alan M Friedlander
- National Geographic Society, Pristine Seas Program, 1145 17th Street N.W, Washington DC, 20036-4688, USA
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, Kāne'ohe, Hawai'i, 96744, USA
| | | | - Alison L Green
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - David Mouillot
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicholas V C Polunin
- School of Natural & Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University NE17RU, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Rick D Stuart-Smith
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Laurent Wantiez
- University of New Caledonia, BPR4 98851, Noumea cedex, New Caledonia
| | - Ivor D Williams
- Coral Reef Ecosystems Division, NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Honolulu, HI, 96818, USA
| | - Shaun K Wilson
- Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
- Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Kensington, Perth, WA, 6151, Australia
| | - Sean R Connolly
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
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8
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Froehlich CYM, Klanten OS, Hing ML, Dowton M, Wong MYL. Delayed recovery and host specialization may spell disaster for coral-fish mutualism. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10209. [PMID: 37361899 PMCID: PMC10285627 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutualisms are prevalent in many ecosystems, yet little is known about how symbioses are affected by ecological pressures. Here, we show delayed recovery for 13 coral-dwelling goby fishes (genus Gobiodon) compared with their host Acropora corals following four consecutive cyclones and heatwaves. While corals became twice as abundant in 3 years postdisturbances, gobies were only half as abundant relative to predisturbances and half of the goby species disappeared. Although gobies primarily occupied one coral species in greater abundance predisturbances, surviving goby species shifted hosts to newly abundant coral species when their previously occupied hosts became rare postdisturbances. As host specialization is key for goby fitness, shifting hosts may have negative fitness consequences for gobies and corals alike and affect their survival in response to environmental changes. Our study is an early sign that mutualistic partners may not recover similarly from multiple disturbances, and that goby host plasticity, while potentially detrimental, may be the only possibility for early recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - O. Selma Klanten
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Martin L. Hing
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and HealthUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Mark Dowton
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and HealthUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Marian Y. L. Wong
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and HealthUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
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9
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Muenzel D, Critchell K, Cox C, Campbell SJ, Jakub R, Suherfian W, Sara L, Chollett I, Treml EA, Beger M. Integrating larval connectivity into the marine conservation decision-making process across spatial scales. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2023; 37:e14038. [PMID: 36478610 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Larval dispersal connectivity is typically integrated into spatial conservation decisions at regional or national scales, but implementing agencies struggle with translating these methods to local scales. We used larval dispersal connectivity at regional (hundreds of kilometers) and local (tens of kilometers) scales to aid in design of networks of no-take reserves in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. We used Marxan with Connectivity informed by biophysical larval dispersal models and remotely sensed coral reef habitat data to design marine reserve networks for 4 commercially important reef species across the region. We complemented regional spatial prioritization with decision trees that combined network-based connectivity metrics and habitat quality to design reserve boundaries locally. Decision trees were used in consensus-based workshops with stakeholders to qualitatively assess site desirability, and Marxan was used to identify areas for subsequent network expansion. Priority areas for protection and expected benefits differed among species, with little overlap in reserve network solutions. Because reef quality varied considerably across reefs, we suggest reef degradation must inform the interpretation of larval dispersal patterns and the conservation benefits achievable from protecting reefs. Our methods can be readily applied by conservation practitioners, in this region and elsewhere, to integrate connectivity data across multiple spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Muenzel
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Kay Critchell
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Raymond Jakub
- Rare, Arlington, Virginia, USA
- Rare Indonesia, Kota Bogor, Indonesia
| | | | - La Sara
- Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Haluoleo University, Kendari, Indonesia
| | | | - Eric A Treml
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maria Beger
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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10
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Fitz KS, Montes HR, Thompson DM, Pinsky ML. Isolation-by-distance and isolation-by-oceanography in Maroon Anemonefish ( Amphiprion biaculeatus). Evol Appl 2023; 16:379-392. [PMID: 36793687 PMCID: PMC9923474 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obtaining dispersal estimates for a species is key to understanding local adaptation and population dynamics and to implementing conservation actions. Genetic isolation-by-distance (IBD) patterns can be used for estimating dispersal, and these patterns are especially useful for marine species in which few other methods are available. In this study, we genotyped coral reef fish (Amphiprion biaculeatus) at 16 microsatellite loci across eight sites across 210 km in the central Philippines to generate fine-scale estimates of dispersal. All sites except for one followed IBD patterns. Using IBD theory, we estimated a larval dispersal kernel spread of 8.9 km (95% confidence interval of 2.3-18.4 km). Genetic distance to the remaining site correlated strongly with the inverse probability of larval dispersal from an oceanographic model. Ocean currents were a better explanation for genetic distance at large spatial extents (sites greater than 150 km apart), while geographic distance remained the best explanation for spatial extents less than 150 km. Our study demonstrates the utility of combining IBD patterns with oceanographic simulations to understand connectivity in marine environments and to guide marine conservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyra S Fitz
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources Rutgers University New Brunswick New Jersey USA
| | - Humberto R Montes
- Institute of Tropical Ecology and Environmental Management Visayas State University Baybay City Philippines
| | - Diane M Thompson
- Department of Geosciences University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USA
| | - Malin L Pinsky
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources Rutgers University New Brunswick New Jersey USA
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11
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Lakescape connectivity: Mobile fish consumers link Lake Michigan coastal wetland and nearshore food webs. Ecosphere 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
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12
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Gunn RL, Benkwitt CE, Graham NAJ, Hartley IR, Algar AC, Keith SA. Terrestrial invasive species alter marine vertebrate behaviour. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:82-91. [PMID: 36604551 PMCID: PMC9834043 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01931-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Human-induced environmental changes, such as the introduction of invasive species, are driving declines in the movement of nutrients across ecosystems with negative consequences for ecosystem function. Declines in nutrient inputs could thus have knock-on effects at higher trophic levels and broader ecological scales, yet these interconnections remain relatively unknown. Here we show that a terrestrial invasive species (black rats, Rattus rattus) disrupts a nutrient pathway provided by seabirds, ultimately altering the territorial behaviour of coral reef fish. In a replicated ecosystem-scale natural experiment, we found that reef fish territories were larger and the time invested in aggression lower on reefs adjacent to rat-infested islands compared with rat-free islands. This response reflected changes in the economic defendability of lower-quality resources, with reef fish obtaining less nutritional gain per unit foraging effort adjacent to rat-infested islands with low seabird populations. These results provide a novel insight into how the disruption of nutrient flows by invasive species can affect variation in territorial behaviour. Rat eradication as a conservation strategy therefore has the potential to restore species interactions via territoriality, which can scale up to influence populations and communities at higher ecological levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Gunn
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.
| | | | | | - Ian R Hartley
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Adam C Algar
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sally A Keith
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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13
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Kwan KY, Yang X, Wang CC, Kuang Y, Wen Y, Tan KA, Xu P, Zhen W, Wang X, Zhu J, Huang X. Chemically mediated rheotaxis of endangered tri-spine horseshoe crab: potential dispersing mechanism to vegetated nursery habitats along the coast. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14465. [PMID: 36523452 PMCID: PMC9745956 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An enhanced understanding of larval ecology is fundamental to improve the management of locally depleted horseshoe crab populations in Asia. Recent studies in the northern Beibu Gulf, China demonstrated that nesting sites of Asian horseshoe crabs are typically close to their nursery beaches with high-density juveniles distributed around mangrove, seagrass and other structured habitats. Methods A laboratory Y-maze chamber was used to test whether the dispersal of early-stage juvenile tri-spine horseshoe crab Tachypleus tridentatus is facilitated by chemical cues to approach suitable nursery habitats. The juvenile orientation to either side of the chamber containing controlled seawater or another with various vegetation cues, as well as their movement time, the largest distance and displacement were recorded. Results The juveniles preferred to orient toward seagrass Halophila beccarii cues when the concentration reached 0.5 g l-1, but ceased at 2 g l-1. The results can be interpreted as a shelter-seeking process to get closer to the preferred settlement habitats. However, the juveniles exhibited avoidance behaviors in the presence of mangrove Avicennia marina and invasive saltmarsh cordgrass Spartina alterniflora at 2 g l-1. The juveniles also spent less time moving in the presence of the A. marina cue, as well as reduced displacement in water containing the S. alterniflora cue at 1 and 2 g l-1. These results may explain the absence of juvenile T. tridentatus within densely vegetated areas, which have generally higher organic matter and hydrogen sulfide. Conclusion Early-stage juvenile T. tridentatus are capable of detecting and responding to habitat chemical cues, which can help guide them to high-quality settlement habitats. Preserving and restoring seagrass beds in the intertidal areas should be prioritized when formulating habitat conservation and management initiatives for the declining horseshoe crab populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Yue Kwan
- College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf Ocean Development Research Centre, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Xin Yang
- College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf Ocean Development Research Centre, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Chun-Chieh Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Guangxi Beibu Gulf Marine Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Yang Kuang
- College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf Ocean Development Research Centre, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Yulong Wen
- College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf Ocean Development Research Centre, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Kian Ann Tan
- College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf Ocean Development Research Centre, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Peng Xu
- College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf Ocean Development Research Centre, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenquan Zhen
- College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf Ocean Development Research Centre, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Xueping Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf Ocean Development Research Centre, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Junhua Zhu
- College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf Ocean Development Research Centre, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Xing Huang
- College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf Ocean Development Research Centre, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, Guangxi, China
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14
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Mulas A, Sbaraglia S, Bellodi A, Bitetto I, Carbonara P, Carugati L, Cau A, Marongiu MF, Pascale N, Porcu C, Zupa W, Follesa MC. Movement patterns analysis as a tool in Fully Protected Areas design: Influence of relocations on travelled distances of Palinurus elephas (Fabr. 1787) in Sardinian FPAs (central-western Mediterranean). MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 182:105766. [PMID: 36306552 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Effectiveness of restocking programs in Marine Fully Protected Areas' (FPAs) can be highly affected by the movement behavior of the species to protect. We analyzed the data of 744 Palinurus elephas specimens tagged, relocated inside 12 FPAs, established in the seas surrounding Sardinia (central-western Mediterranean), and then recaptured. The overall aims were to characterize the individuals' movements after the relocation and to discuss strengths and weaknesses of the current FPAs' design. Almost 80% of tagged individuals travelled progressively increasing distances, as a function of the release distance, up to a maximum value of 11,500 m. Then, for larger release distances, individuals' mobility appeared reduced and more chaotic. A similar trend was found analyzing the distances travelled with respect to the FPAs with the highest number of recaptured individuals and to the size. These results allow to establish a threshold limit of the release distance, to take into account when designing FPAs, as a useful tool to keep a portion of the individuals into FPAs' borders, in order to both preserve the species and guarantee a spillover of individuals in the commercial areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonello Mulas
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences - University of Cagliari, Via T. Fiorelli 1, 09126, Cagliari, Italy; CoNISMa Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze Mare, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196, Rome, Italy.
| | - Simone Sbaraglia
- Department of Economics and Business Sciences - University of Cagliari, Viale Sant'Ignazio, 70, 09123, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Bellodi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences - University of Cagliari, Via T. Fiorelli 1, 09126, Cagliari, Italy; CoNISMa Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze Mare, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196, Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Bitetto
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences - University of Cagliari, Via T. Fiorelli 1, 09126, Cagliari, Italy; COISPA Tecnologia & Ricerca, Via Trulli, 18-20, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Laura Carugati
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences - University of Cagliari, Via T. Fiorelli 1, 09126, Cagliari, Italy; CoNISMa Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze Mare, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cau
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences - University of Cagliari, Via T. Fiorelli 1, 09126, Cagliari, Italy; CoNISMa Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze Mare, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Francesca Marongiu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences - University of Cagliari, Via T. Fiorelli 1, 09126, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Noemi Pascale
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences - University of Cagliari, Via T. Fiorelli 1, 09126, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Cristina Porcu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences - University of Cagliari, Via T. Fiorelli 1, 09126, Cagliari, Italy; CoNISMa Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze Mare, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196, Rome, Italy
| | - Walter Zupa
- COISPA Tecnologia & Ricerca, Via Trulli, 18-20, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Follesa
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences - University of Cagliari, Via T. Fiorelli 1, 09126, Cagliari, Italy; CoNISMa Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze Mare, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196, Rome, Italy
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15
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Roe P, Hashim AS, Evans V, Sadovy de Mitcheson Y. Status of Napoleon wrasse in Laamu Atoll, Maldives, after three decades of protection. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2022. [DOI: 10.3354/esr01210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Napoleon or humphead wrasse Cheilinus undulatus is a large, globally threatened coral reef fish. In recognition of suspected declines and considering its ecotourism importance, the Maldives was the first country to ban its export in 1995. The present study, a quarter-century after the ban, documents the species around Laamu Atoll, southern Maldives, using dive guides and researchers to conduct surveys during commercial dive tourism trips. Data were collected on abundance, body size, and potential spawning sites in 4 habitat types: channels (reef passes to open ocean), inner reefs (reef slopes inside the atoll), outer reefs (reef slopes outside the atoll), and faros (isolated submerged reefs inside the atoll). Abundance was recorded in number of fish per hectare, and fish length was classified as <100 cm, ≥100 cm, or unknown size. Possible spawning aggregation sites were identified based on multiple occasions of temporarily increased fish density associated with large male presence. Mean densities ranged from 6.02 fish ha-1 in channels, 2.65 and 2.29 fish ha-1 in outer and inner reefs, respectively, and 0.73 fish ha-1 in faros. These densities are consistent with those found in unexploited areas in similar habitats elsewhere and indicate successful protection of the species on Laamu Atoll. The data highlight the significance of reef channel habitat for this species as important megafauna and the need for management to conserve both species and channel habitats. The value of non-specialist observers for conducting labour-intensive surveys on large, wide-ranging species is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Roe
- MUI by Six Senses Laamu, Olhuveli Island, Laamu Atoll, Maldives
| | - AS Hashim
- Blue Marine Foundation, South Building, Somerset House, London WC2R 1LA, UK
| | - V Evans
- Blue Marine Foundation, South Building, Somerset House, London WC2R 1LA, UK
| | - Y Sadovy de Mitcheson
- Science and Conservation of Fish Aggregations (SCRFA) & IUCN Grouper & Wrasse Specialist Group, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong SAR
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16
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Schlatter E, Klawon C, Webb C, Buston P. Heritability of dispersal‐related larval traits in the clown anemonefish
Amphiprion percula. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9541. [PMCID: PMC9702578 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Colleen Webb
- Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
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17
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Alós J, Aarestrup K, Abecasis D, Afonso P, Alonso-Fernandez A, Aspillaga E, Barcelo-Serra M, Bolland J, Cabanellas-Reboredo M, Lennox R, McGill R, Özgül A, Reubens J, Villegas-Ríos D. Toward a decade of ocean science for sustainable development through acoustic animal tracking. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:5630-5653. [PMID: 35929978 PMCID: PMC9541420 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The ocean is a key component of the Earth's dynamics, providing a great variety of ecosystem services to humans. Yet, human activities are globally changing its structure and major components, including marine biodiversity. In this context, the United Nations has proclaimed a Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development to tackle the scientific challenges necessary for a sustainable use of the ocean by means of the Sustainable Development Goal 14 (SDG14). Here, we review how Acoustic animal Tracking, a widely distributed methodology of tracking marine biodiversity with electronic devices, can provide a roadmap for implementing the major Actions to achieve the SDG14. We show that acoustic tracking can be used to reduce and monitor the effects of marine pollution including noise, light, and plastic pollution. Acoustic tracking can be effectively used to monitor the responses of marine biodiversity to human-made infrastructures and habitat restoration, as well as to determine the effects of hypoxia, ocean warming, and acidification. Acoustic tracking has been historically used to inform fisheries management, the design of marine protected areas, and the detection of essential habitats, rendering this technique particularly attractive to achieve the sustainable fishing and spatial protection target goals of the SDG14. Finally, acoustic tracking can contribute to end illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing by providing tools to monitor marine biodiversity against poachers and promote the development of Small Islands Developing States and developing countries. To fully benefit from acoustic tracking supporting the SDG14 Targets, trans-boundary collaborative efforts through tracking networks are required to promote ocean information sharing and ocean literacy. We therefore propose acoustic tracking and tracking networks as relevant contributors to tackle the scientific challenges that are necessary for a sustainable use of the ocean promoted by the United Nations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Alós
- Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Esporles, Spain
| | - Kim Aarestrup
- Section for Freshwater Fisheries and Ecology, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - David Abecasis
- Center of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve (CCMAR), Faro, Portugal
| | - Pedro Afonso
- Institute of Marine Research (IMAR/Okeanos), University of the Azores, Horta, Portugal
| | | | - Eneko Aspillaga
- Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Esporles, Spain
| | | | - Jonathan Bolland
- Hull International Fisheries Institute, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | | | - Robert Lennox
- NORCE Norwegian Research Center AS, Bergen, Norway
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Aytaç Özgül
- Ege University, Faculty of Fisheries, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - David Villegas-Ríos
- Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Esporles, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM), CSIC, Vigo, Spain
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18
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Cooke SJ, Bergman JN, Twardek WM, Piczak ML, Casselberry GA, Lutek K, Dahlmo LS, Birnie-Gauvin K, Griffin LP, Brownscombe JW, Raby GD, Standen EM, Horodysky AZ, Johnsen S, Danylchuk AJ, Furey NB, Gallagher AJ, Lédée EJI, Midwood JD, Gutowsky LFG, Jacoby DMP, Matley JK, Lennox RJ. The movement ecology of fishes. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 101:756-779. [PMID: 35788929 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Movement of fishes in the aquatic realm is fundamental to their ecology and survival. Movement can be driven by a variety of biological, physiological and environmental factors occurring across all spatial and temporal scales. The intrinsic capacity of movement to impact fish individually (e.g., foraging) with potential knock-on effects throughout the ecosystem (e.g., food web dynamics) has garnered considerable interest in the field of movement ecology. The advancement of technology in recent decades, in combination with ever-growing threats to freshwater and marine systems, has further spurred empirical research and theoretical considerations. Given the rapid expansion within the field of movement ecology and its significant role in informing management and conservation efforts, a contemporary and multidisciplinary review about the various components influencing movement is outstanding. Using an established conceptual framework for movement ecology as a guide (i.e., Nathan et al., 2008: 19052), we synthesized the environmental and individual factors that affect the movement of fishes. Specifically, internal (e.g., energy acquisition, endocrinology, and homeostasis) and external (biotic and abiotic) environmental elements are discussed, as well as the different processes that influence individual-level (or population) decisions, such as navigation cues, motion capacity, propagation characteristics and group behaviours. In addition to environmental drivers and individual movement factors, we also explored how associated strategies help survival by optimizing physiological and other biological states. Next, we identified how movement ecology is increasingly being incorporated into management and conservation by highlighting the inherent benefits that spatio-temporal fish behaviour imbues into policy, regulatory, and remediation planning. Finally, we considered the future of movement ecology by evaluating ongoing technological innovations and both the challenges and opportunities that these advancements create for scientists and managers. As aquatic ecosystems continue to face alarming climate (and other human-driven) issues that impact animal movements, the comprehensive and multidisciplinary assessment of movement ecology will be instrumental in developing plans to guide research and promote sustainability measures for aquatic resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and the Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jordanna N Bergman
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and the Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - William M Twardek
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and the Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Morgan L Piczak
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and the Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Grace A Casselberry
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Keegan Lutek
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lotte S Dahlmo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Laboratory for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kim Birnie-Gauvin
- Section for Freshwater Fisheries and Ecology, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Lucas P Griffin
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jacob W Brownscombe
- Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - Graham D Raby
- Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily M Standen
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrij Z Horodysky
- Department of Marine and Environmental Science, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia, USA
| | - Sönke Johnsen
- Biology Department, Duke University, Durham, North Caroline, USA
| | - Andy J Danylchuk
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nathan B Furey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | | | - Elodie J I Lédée
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jon D Midwood
- Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lee F G Gutowsky
- Environmental & Life Sciences Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - David M P Jacoby
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Jordan K Matley
- Program in Aquatic Resources, St Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Robert J Lennox
- Laboratory for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Trondheim, Norway
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19
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Cybulski JD, Skinner C, Wan Z, Wong CKM, Toonen RJ, Gaither MR, Soong K, Wyatt ASJ, Baker DM. Improving stable isotope assessments of inter- and intra-species variation in coral reef fish trophic strategies. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9221. [PMID: 36172294 PMCID: PMC9468908 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish have one of the highest occurrences of individual specialization in trophic strategies among Eukaryotes. Yet, few studies characterize this variation during trophic niche analysis, limiting our understanding of aquatic food web dynamics. Stable isotope analysis (SIA) with advanced Bayesian statistics is one way to incorporate this individual trophic variation when quantifying niche size. However, studies using SIA to investigate trophodynamics have mostly focused on species‐ or guild‐level (i.e., assumed similar trophic strategy) analyses in settings where source isotopes are well‐resolved. These parameters are uncommon in an ecological context. Here, we use Stable Isotope Bayesian Ellipses in R (SIBER) to investigate cross‐guild trophodynamics of 11 reef fish species within an oceanic atoll. We compared two‐ (δ15N and δ13C) versus three‐dimensional (δ15N, δ13C, and δ34S) reconstructions of isotopic niche space for interpreting guild‐, species‐, and individual‐level trophic strategies. Reef fish isotope compositions varied significantly among, but also within, guilds. Individuals of the same species did not cluster together based on their isotope values, suggesting within‐species specializations. Furthermore, while two‐dimensional isotopic niches helped differentiate reef fish resource use, niche overlap among species was exceptionally high. The addition of δ34S and the generation of three‐dimensional isotopic niches were needed to further characterize their isotopic niches and better evaluate potential trophic strategies. These data suggest that δ34S may reveal fluctuations in resource availability, which are not detectable using only δ15N and δ13C. We recommend that researchers include δ34S in future aquatic food web studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Cybulski
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science The University of Hong Kong Shek O Hong Kong SAR.,School of Biological Sciences The University of Hong Kong Pok Fu Lam Hong Kong SAR
| | - Christina Skinner
- Department of Ocean Science The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Hong Kong SAR
| | - Zhongyue Wan
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Hong Kong Pok Fu Lam Hong Kong SAR
| | - Carmen K M Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong SAR
| | - Robert J Toonen
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean & Earth Sciences & Technology University of Hawai'i at Mānoa Kaneohe Hawaii USA
| | | | - Keryea Soong
- Department of Oceanography National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Alex S J Wyatt
- Department of Ocean Science The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Hong Kong SAR
| | - David M Baker
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science The University of Hong Kong Shek O Hong Kong SAR.,School of Biological Sciences The University of Hong Kong Pok Fu Lam Hong Kong SAR
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20
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Meng Y, Lai YC, Grebogi C. The fundamental benefits of multiplexity in ecological networks. J R Soc Interface 2022; 19:20220438. [PMID: 36167085 PMCID: PMC9514891 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A tipping point presents perhaps the single most significant threat to an ecological system as it can lead to abrupt species extinction on a massive scale. Climate changes leading to the species decay parameter drifts can drive various ecological systems towards a tipping point. We investigate the tipping-point dynamics in multi-layer ecological networks supported by mutualism. We unveil a natural mechanism by which the occurrence of tipping points can be delayed by multiplexity that broadly describes the diversity of the species abundances, the complexity of the interspecific relationships, and the topology of linkages in ecological networks. For a double-layer system of pollinators and plants, coupling between the network layers occurs when there is dispersal of pollinator species. Multiplexity emerges as the dispersing species establish their presence in the destination layer and have a simultaneous presence in both. We demonstrate that the new mutualistic links induced by the dispersing species with the residence species have fundamental benefits to the well-being of the ecosystem in delaying the tipping point and facilitating species recovery. Articulating and implementing control mechanisms to induce multiplexity can thus help sustain certain types of ecosystems that are in danger of extinction as the result of environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Meng
- Institute for Complex Systems and Mathematical Biology, School of Natural and Computing Sciences, King’s College, University of Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, UK
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, Dresden 01187, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Ying-Cheng Lai
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Celso Grebogi
- Institute for Complex Systems and Mathematical Biology, School of Natural and Computing Sciences, King’s College, University of Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, UK
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21
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Kitchel ZJ, Conrad HM, Selden RL, Pinsky ML. The role of continental shelf bathymetry in shaping marine range shifts in the face of climate change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:5185-5199. [PMID: 35698263 PMCID: PMC9540106 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
As a consequence of anthropogenic climate change, marine species on continental shelves around the world are rapidly shifting deeper and poleward. However, whether these shifts deeper and poleward will allow species to access more, less, or equivalent amounts of continental shelf area and associated critical habitats remains unclear. By examining the proportion of seabed area at a range of depths for each large marine ecosystem (LME), we found that shelf area declined monotonically for 19% of LMEs examined. However, the majority exhibited a greater proportion of shelf area in mid-depths or across several depth ranges. By comparing continental shelf area across 2° latitudinal bands, we found that all coastlines exhibit multiple instances of shelf area expansion and contraction, which have the potential to promote or restrict poleward movement of marine species. Along most coastlines, overall shelf habitat increases or exhibits no significant change moving towards the poles. The exception is the Southern West Pacific, which experiences an overall loss of area with increasing latitude. Changes in continental shelf area availability across latitudes and depths are likely to affect the number of species local ecosystems can support. These geometric analyses help identify regions of conservation priority and ecological communities most likely to face attrition or expansion due to variations in available area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë J. Kitchel
- Ecology and Evolution Graduate ProgramRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - Hailey M. Conrad
- Department of Fish and Wildlife ConservationBlacksburgVirginiaUSA
| | | | - Malin L. Pinsky
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural ResourcesRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
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22
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Esquivel KE, Hesselbarth MHK, Allgeier JE. Mechanistic support for increased primary production around artificial reefs. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 32:e2617. [PMID: 35368128 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding factors controlling primary production is fundamental for the protection, management, and restoration of ecosystems. Tropical seagrass ecosystems are among the most productive ecosystems worldwide, yielding tremendous services for society. Yet they are also among the most impaired from anthropogenic stressors, prompting calls for ecosystem-based restoration approaches. Artificial reefs (ARs) are commonly applied in coastal marine ecosystems to rebuild failing fisheries and have recently gained attention for their potential to promote carbon sequestration. Nutrient hotspots formed via excretion from aggregating fishes have been empirically shown to enhance local primary production around ARs in seagrass systems. Yet, if and how increased local production affects primary production at ecosystem scale remains unclear, and empirical tests are challenging. We used a spatially explicit individual-based simulation model that combined a data-rich single-nutrient primary production model for seagrass and bioenergetics models for fish to test how aggregating fish on ARs affect seagrass primary production at patch and ecosystem scales. Specifically, we tested how the aggregation of fish alters (i) ecosystem seagrass primary production at varying fish densities and levels of ambient nutrient availability and (ii) the spatial distribution of seagrass primary production. Comparing model ecosystems with equivalent nutrient levels, we found that when fish aggregate around ARs, ecosystem-scale primary production is enhanced synergistically. This synergistic increase in production was caused by nonlinear dynamics associated with nutrient uptake and biomass allocation that enhances aboveground primary production more than belowground production. Seagrass production increased near the AR and decreased in areas away from the AR, despite marginal reductions in seagrass biomass at the ecosystem level. Our simulation's findings that ARs can increase ecosystem production provide novel support for ARs in seagrass ecosystems as an effective means to promote (i) fishery restoration (increased primary production can increase energy input to the food web) and (ii) carbon sequestration, via higher rates of primary production. Although our model represents a simplified, closed seagrass system without complex trophic interactions, it nonetheless provides an important first step in quantifying ecosystem-level implications of ARs as a tool for ecological restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenzo E Esquivel
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Jacob E Allgeier
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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23
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Payet SD, Pratchett MS, Saenz‐Agudelo P, Berumen ML, DiBattista JD, Harrison HB. Demographic histories shape population genomics of the common coral grouper (
Plectropomus leopardus
). Evol Appl 2022; 15:1221-1235. [PMID: 36051464 PMCID: PMC9423088 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Many coral reef fishes display remarkable genetic and phenotypic variation across their geographic ranges. Understanding how historical and contemporary processes have shaped these patterns remains a focal question in evolutionary biology since they reveal how diversity is generated and how it may respond to future environmental change. Here, we compare the population genomics and demographic histories of a commercially and ecologically important coral reef fish, the common coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus [Lacépède 1802]), across two adjoining regions (the Great Barrier Reef; GBR, and the Coral Sea, Australia) spanning approximately 14 degrees of latitude and 9 degrees of longitude. We analysed 4548 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers across 11 sites and show that genetic connectivity between regions is low, despite their relative proximity (~100 km) and an absence of any obvious geographic barrier. Inferred demographic histories using 10,479 markers suggest that the Coral Sea population was founded by a small number of GBR individuals and that divergence occurred ~190 kya under a model of isolation with asymmetric migration. We detected population expansions in both regions, but estimates of contemporary effective population sizes were approximately 50% smaller in Coral Sea sites, which also had lower genetic diversity. Our results suggest that P. leopardus in the Coral Sea have experienced a long period of isolation that precedes the recent glacial period (~10–120 kya) and may be vulnerable to localized disturbances due to their relative reliance on local larval replenishment. While it is difficult to determine the underlying events that led to the divergence of the Coral Sea and GBR lineages, we show that even geographically proximate populations of a widely dispersed coral reef fish can have vastly different evolutionary histories.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. D. Payet
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook University Townsville Australia
| | - M. S. Pratchett
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook University Townsville Australia
| | - P. Saenz‐Agudelo
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
| | - M. L. Berumen
- Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
| | - J. D. DiBattista
- Australian Museum Research Institute Australian Museum, 1 William St Sydney NSW Australia
| | - H. B. Harrison
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook University Townsville Australia
- Australian Institute of Marine Science Townsville Australia
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24
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Assessment of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contamination of the Red Sea with Endemic Fish from Jeddah (Saudi Arabia) as Bioindicator of Aquatic Environmental Pollution. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14111706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether endemic coral fish commonly consumed by Jeddah residents could serve as bioindicators of oil contamination. In addition, we planned to investigate the relationship between amino acid changes and hydrocarbon concentrations in fish tissue. The composition of amino acids was analyzed using high-pressure liquid chromatography with precolumn derivatization. An analytical study of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and total petroleum hydrocarbons was conducted by combining gas chromatography with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Multivariate statistical analysis was applied using Statgraphics software to determine the impact of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and total petroleum hydrocarbons on the amino acid profile of three species of fish. In addition, the bioconcentration factor was estimated in the studied species and was used to validate the results obtained from the multivariate analysis. Based on the results of the study, the sum of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with two cycles, and with five to six cycles, is in reverse order in Plectropomus pessuliferus with respect to Epinephelus tauvina and Cephalopholis argus. The factor analysis showed high factor scores for aspartic acid, glutamic acid, tyrosine, chrysene, and total petroleum hydrocarbons, and for lipids and benzo(g,h,i)perylene, which could be explained by bioaccumulation. It was concluded that the high proportions of glutamic acid (8.32–11.10%) and aspartic acid (6.06–8.27%) in the muscles of the studied species are a sign of contamination with petroleum hydrocarbons. The incremental lifetime cancer risk values for the three endemic fish exceeded the limit value (>10−5), indicating a high potential cancer risk for the Saudi population.
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25
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Darius HT, Paillon C, Mou-Tham G, Ung A, Cruchet P, Revel T, Viallon J, Vigliola L, Ponton D, Chinain M. Evaluating Age and Growth Relationship to Ciguatoxicity in Five Coral Reef Fish Species from French Polynesia. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20040251. [PMID: 35447924 PMCID: PMC9027493 DOI: 10.3390/md20040251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciguatera poisoning (CP) results from the consumption of coral reef fish or marine invertebrates contaminated with potent marine polyether compounds, namely ciguatoxins. In French Polynesia, 220 fish specimens belonging to parrotfish (Chlorurus microrhinos, Scarus forsteni, and Scarus ghobban), surgeonfish (Naso lituratus), and groupers (Epinephelus polyphekadion) were collected from two sites with contrasted risk of CP, i.e., Kaukura Atoll versus Mangareva Island. Fish age and growth were assessed from otoliths’ yearly increments and their ciguatoxic status (negative, suspect, or positive) was evaluated by neuroblastoma cell-based assay. Using permutational multivariate analyses of variance, no significant differences in size and weight were found between negative and suspect specimens while positive specimens showed significantly greater size and weight particularly for E. polyphekadion and S. ghobban. However, eating small or low-weight specimens remains risky due to the high variability in size and weight of positive fish. Overall, no relationship could be evidenced between fish ciguatoxicity and age and growth characteristics. In conclusion, size, weight, age, and growth are not reliable determinants of fish ciguatoxicity which appears to be rather species and/or site-specific, although larger fish pose an increased risk of poisoning. Such findings have important implications in current CP risk management programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Taiana Darius
- Institut Louis Malardé (ILM), Laboratory of Marine Biotoxins, UMR 241-EIO (IFREMER, ILM, IRD, Université de Polynésie Française), P.O. Box 30, Papeete 98713, Tahiti, French Polynesia; (A.U.); (P.C.); (T.R.); (J.V.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +689-40-416-484
| | - Christelle Paillon
- ENTROPIE, IRD-Université de la Réunion-CNRS-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie-IFREMER, Labex Corail, 98848 Nouméa, New Caledonia, France; (C.P.); (G.M.-T.); (L.V.)
| | - Gérard Mou-Tham
- ENTROPIE, IRD-Université de la Réunion-CNRS-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie-IFREMER, Labex Corail, 98848 Nouméa, New Caledonia, France; (C.P.); (G.M.-T.); (L.V.)
| | - André Ung
- Institut Louis Malardé (ILM), Laboratory of Marine Biotoxins, UMR 241-EIO (IFREMER, ILM, IRD, Université de Polynésie Française), P.O. Box 30, Papeete 98713, Tahiti, French Polynesia; (A.U.); (P.C.); (T.R.); (J.V.); (M.C.)
| | - Philippe Cruchet
- Institut Louis Malardé (ILM), Laboratory of Marine Biotoxins, UMR 241-EIO (IFREMER, ILM, IRD, Université de Polynésie Française), P.O. Box 30, Papeete 98713, Tahiti, French Polynesia; (A.U.); (P.C.); (T.R.); (J.V.); (M.C.)
| | - Taina Revel
- Institut Louis Malardé (ILM), Laboratory of Marine Biotoxins, UMR 241-EIO (IFREMER, ILM, IRD, Université de Polynésie Française), P.O. Box 30, Papeete 98713, Tahiti, French Polynesia; (A.U.); (P.C.); (T.R.); (J.V.); (M.C.)
| | - Jérôme Viallon
- Institut Louis Malardé (ILM), Laboratory of Marine Biotoxins, UMR 241-EIO (IFREMER, ILM, IRD, Université de Polynésie Française), P.O. Box 30, Papeete 98713, Tahiti, French Polynesia; (A.U.); (P.C.); (T.R.); (J.V.); (M.C.)
| | - Laurent Vigliola
- ENTROPIE, IRD-Université de la Réunion-CNRS-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie-IFREMER, Labex Corail, 98848 Nouméa, New Caledonia, France; (C.P.); (G.M.-T.); (L.V.)
| | - Dominique Ponton
- ENTROPIE, IRD-Université de la Réunion-CNRS-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie-IFREMER, c/o Institut Halieutique et des Sciences Marines (IH.SM), Université de Toliara, Rue Dr. Rabesandratana, P.O. Box 141, Toliara 601, Madagascar;
| | - Mireille Chinain
- Institut Louis Malardé (ILM), Laboratory of Marine Biotoxins, UMR 241-EIO (IFREMER, ILM, IRD, Université de Polynésie Française), P.O. Box 30, Papeete 98713, Tahiti, French Polynesia; (A.U.); (P.C.); (T.R.); (J.V.); (M.C.)
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26
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Seasonal distribution of fish larvae in mangrove-seagrass seascapes of Zanzibar (Tanzania). Sci Rep 2022; 12:4196. [PMID: 35264688 PMCID: PMC8907160 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07931-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish larvae supply in nearshore vegetated habitats, such as seagrass meadows and mangroves, contributes significantly to sustainable fish stocks. Yet, little information is available on distribution patterns of fish larvae in mangrove and seagrass habitats of the western Indian Ocean. The present study investigated the abundance, diversity and assemblage composition of fish larvae in mangrove creeks, inshore seagrass meadows (located adjacent to mangroves) and nearshore seagrass meadows (located in-between mangroves and coral reefs) in two coastal seascapes of Zanzibar (Tanzania) across seasons for 1 year. The highest mean abundances of fish larvae were recorded in mangrove creeks, while nearshore- and inshore seagrass meadows showed similar mean abundance levels. Generally, fish larvae representing 42 families were identified, with the fourteen most abundant families comprising 83% of all specimens. Fish larvae communities were dominated by specimens of the postflexion growth stage in all habitats, except in mangrove creeks in one of the two seascapes (i.e. Chwaka Bay) from April through June when abundances of the preflexion and very small-sized individuals were exceptionally high. Slightly higher fish larvae abundances were observed in mangroves during the southeast monsoon compared to the northeast monsoon, and there were also differences across months within monsoon periods for all three habitats studied. Assemblage composition of larvae did, however, not vary significantly in time or space. Our findings suggest that mangroves and seagrass meadows are highly linked shallow-water habitats with high retention of fish larvae contributing to similarity in assemblage compositions across shallow coastal seascapes. Conservation and management efforts should prioritize connected shallow-water seascapes for protection of fish larvae and to uphold sustainable coastal fisheries.
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27
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Osuka KE, Stewart BD, Samoilys M, McClean CJ, Musembi P, Yahya S, Hamad AR, Mbugua J. Depth and habitat are important drivers of abundance for predatory reef fish off Pemba Island, Tanzania. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 175:105587. [PMID: 35196583 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Coral reefs across the world face significant threats from fishing and climate change, which tends to be most acute in shallower waters. This is the case off Pemba Island, Tanzania, yet the effects of these anthropogenic stressors on the distribution and abundance of economically and ecologically important predatory reef fish, including how they vary with depth and habitat type, is poorly understood. Thus, we deployed 79 baited remote underwater videos (BRUVs) in variable water depths and habitats off Pemba Island, and modeled the effects of depth and habitat on abundance of predatory reef fish. Predatory reef fish types/taxa were significantly predicted by depth and habitat types. Habitats in relatively deeper waters and dominated by hard and soft corals hosted high species richness and abundance of predatory reef fish types/taxa compared to mixed sandy and rubble habitats. The findings add to the growing evidence that deep waters around coral reefs are important habitats for predatory reef fish. Thus, careful management, through effective area and species protection measures, is needed to prevent further depletion of predatory reef-associated fish populations and to conserve this biologically important area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kennedy E Osuka
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5NG, United Kingdom; Coastal Oceans Research and Development - Indian Ocean (CORDIO East Africa), 9 Kibaki Flats P.O. Box 10135-80101, Mombasa, Kenya.
| | - Bryce D Stewart
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Melita Samoilys
- Coastal Oceans Research and Development - Indian Ocean (CORDIO East Africa), 9 Kibaki Flats P.O. Box 10135-80101, Mombasa, Kenya
| | - Colin J McClean
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Musembi
- Coastal Oceans Research and Development - Indian Ocean (CORDIO East Africa), 9 Kibaki Flats P.O. Box 10135-80101, Mombasa, Kenya
| | - Saleh Yahya
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, Zanzibar, Tanzania
| | - Ali R Hamad
- Department of Fisheries Development, Zanzibar, Tanzania
| | - James Mbugua
- Coastal Oceans Research and Development - Indian Ocean (CORDIO East Africa), 9 Kibaki Flats P.O. Box 10135-80101, Mombasa, Kenya
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28
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Willis SC, Hollenbeck CM, Puritz JB, Portnoy DS. Genetic recruitment patterns are patchy and spatiotemporally unpredictable in a deep-water snapper (Lutjanus vivanus) sampled in fished and protected areas of western Puerto Rico. CONSERV GENET 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-021-01426-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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29
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Dunn RE, Bradley D, Heithaus MR, Caselle JE, Papastamatiou YP. Conservation implications of forage base requirements of a marine predator population at carrying capacity. iScience 2022; 25:103646. [PMID: 35024583 PMCID: PMC8728395 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prey depletion may contribute to marine predator declines, yet the forage base required to sustain an unfished population of predatory fish at carrying capacity is unknown. We integrated demographic and physiological data within a Bayesian bioenergetic model to estimate annual consumption of a gray reef shark (Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos) population at a remote Pacific atoll (Palmyra Atoll) that are at carrying capacity. Furthermore, we estimated the proportion of the atoll's reef fish biomass production consumed by the gray reef sharks, assuming sharks either partially foraged pelagically (mean 7%), or solely within the reef environment (mean 52%). We then predicted the gray reef shark population potential of other, less remote Pacific Ocean coral reef islands, illustrating that current populations are substantially smaller than could be supported by their forage base. Our research highlights the utility of modeling how far predator population sizes are from their expected carrying capacity in informing marine conservation. Diet impacts the consumptive influence of gray reef sharks on reef fish resources Some gray reef shark populations could be larger, considering their forage base Modeling potential predator population sizes can inform their conservation
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth E Dunn
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.,Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Darcy Bradley
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Michael R Heithaus
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer E Caselle
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Yannis P Papastamatiou
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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30
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Sadykov A, Farnsworth KD. Model of two competing populations in two habitats with migration: Application to optimal marine protected area size. Theor Popul Biol 2021; 142:114-122. [PMID: 34762901 DOI: 10.1016/j.tpb.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The standard model of a single population fragmented into two patches connected by migration, was first introduced in the 1970s by Freedman and Waltman, since generating long-term research interest, though its full analysis for arbitrary values of migration rate has only been completed relatively recently. Here, we present a model of two competing species in a two-patch habitat with migrations between patches. We derive equilibrium solutions of this model for three cases of migration rate resulting in isolated, well-mixed and semi-isolated habitats. We evaluate the full range of effects of habitat, life-history and migration parameters on population sizes. Finally, we add harvesting mortality and define conditions under which introduction of a no-harvesting (protected) area may lead to increased maximum sustainable yield. The results have applications in mixed fishery management and the design of wildlife protection zones, including marine protected areas (MPAs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Sadykov
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK; The Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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31
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Blanco A, Beger M, Planes S, Miller M, Olabarria C. Estimating benthic trophic levels to assess the effectiveness of marine protected area management. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 790:148234. [PMID: 34380278 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Designating and managing marine protected areas (MPAs) can mitigate many ocean threats. Banning fishing activities within MPAs enhances the robustness of food-web dynamics and thus increases trophic resilience. Ecosystem function indicators, such as mean trophic level, are increasingly applied in conservation management. Stable isotope analysis is a common tool in trophodynamic studies as it provides information about food sources and trophic level within food webs. In contrast to the traditional top-down approaches in conservation management (mainly for fisheries), this study focuses on bottom-up responses to protection according to the target species in regional small-scale fisheries. The present study aimed to examine how MPA status affects trophodynamics in the rocky reefs of the Illas Atlánticas Marine-Terrestrial National Park (Galicia, NW Spain). Results showed no differences between inside and outside the MPA in species stable isotopic signatures or trophic level. However, these results should be considered with caution due to some limitations in the study design (small number of sites per location, biogeographic differences associated with the island nature of the MPA, or seasonal variability). Nevertheless, the lax fishing management, the lack of proper implementation (the MPA was established in 2002 without a management plan until 2019), and the small size of the studied MPA may result in ineffective conservation outcomes that could have been reflected in the stable isotopic content of the food web. The large number of "paper park" MPAs existing worldwide are not only detrimental to the perception of marine protection, but also provide poor protection of marine ecosystems. Subject to further studies accounting for both environmental and management factors on stable isotope signatures, trophic interactions can form a cost-effective tool for monitoring MPA effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreu Blanco
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, EcoCost, Facultade de Ciencias del Mar, Edificio CC Experimentais, Campus de Vigo, As Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain; Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Universidade de Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Maria Beger
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; Centre for Biodiversity Conservation Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Serge Planes
- CRIOBE-USR 3278, CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, Laboratoire d'Excellence 'CORAIL', 58 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan, France.
| | - Mark Miller
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
| | - Celia Olabarria
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, EcoCost, Facultade de Ciencias del Mar, Edificio CC Experimentais, Campus de Vigo, As Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain; Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Universidade de Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
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32
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Mumby PJ, Steneck RS, Roff G, Paul VJ. Marine reserves, fisheries ban, and 20 years of positive change in a coral reef ecosystem. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2021; 35:1473-1483. [PMID: 33909928 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
By 2004, Belize was exhibiting classic fishing down of the food web. Groupers (Serranidae) and snappers (Lutjanidae) were scarce and fisheries turned to parrotfishes (Scarinae), leading to a 41% decline in their biomass. Several policies were enacted in 2009-2010, including a moratorium on fishing parrotfish and a new marine park with no-take areas. Using a 20-year time series on reef fish and benthos, we evaluated the impact of these policies approximately 10 years after their implementation. Establishment of the Southwater Caye Marine Reserve led to a recovery of snapper at 2 out of 3 sites, but there was no evidence of recovery outside the reserve. Snapper populations in an older reserve continued to increase, implying that at least 9 years is required for their recovery. Despite concerns over the feasibility of banning parrotfish harvest once it has become a dominant fin fishery, parrotfishes returned and exceeded biomass levels prior to the fishery. The majority of these changes involved an increase in parrotfish density; species composition and adult body size generally exhibited little change. Recovery occurred equally well in reserves and areas open to other forms of fishing, implying strong compliance. Temporal trends in parrotfish grazing intensity were strongly negatively associated with the cover of macroalgae, which by 2018 had fallen to the lowest levels observed since measurements began in 1998. Coral populations remained resilient and continued to exhibit periods of net recovery after disturbance. We found that a moratorium on parrotfish harvesting is feasible and appears to help constrain macroalgae, which can otherwise impede coral resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Mumby
- Marine Spatial Ecology Lab & ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert S Steneck
- Darling Marine Center, School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Walpole, Maine, USA
| | - George Roff
- Marine Spatial Ecology Lab & ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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Hamilton RJ, Lozano‐Cortés D, Bode M, Almany G, Harrison HB, Pita J, Saenz‐Agudelo P, Gereniu C, Waldie PA, Peterson N, Choat JH, Berumen ML. Larval dispersal and fishing pressure influence recruitment in a coral reef fishery. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J. Hamilton
- The Nature Conservancy Asia Pacific Resource Centre South Brisbane Queensland Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia
| | - Diego Lozano‐Cortés
- Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Red Sea Research Center King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael Bode
- School of Mathematical Sciences Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Australia
| | - Glenn R. Almany
- Laboratoire d'Excellence “CORAIL” CRIOBE USR 3278, CNRS–EPHE–UPVD Perpignan Cedex France
| | - Hugo B. Harrison
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia
- Australian Institute of Marine Science Townsville Queensland Australia
| | - John Pita
- The Nature Conservancy Isabel Environmental Office Buala Solomon Islands
| | - Pablo Saenz‐Agudelo
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
| | - Collin Gereniu
- Solomon Islands National University Honiara Solomon Islands
| | - Pete A. Waldie
- The Nature Conservancy Asia Pacific Resource Centre South Brisbane Queensland Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia
| | - Nate Peterson
- The Nature Conservancy Asia Pacific Resource Centre South Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - John Howard Choat
- College of Science and Engineering James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia
| | - Michael L. Berumen
- Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Red Sea Research Center King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia
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Habitat Suitability Modeling to Inform Seascape Connectivity Conservation and Management. DIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/d13100465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Coastal habitats have experienced significant degradation and fragmentation in recent decades under the strain of interacting ecosystem stressors. To maintain biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, coastal managers and restoration practitioners face the urgent tasks of identifying priority areas for protection and developing innovative, scalable approaches to habitat restoration. Facilitating these efforts are models of seascape connectivity, which represent ecological linkages across heterogeneous marine environments by predicting species-specific dispersal between suitable habitat patches. However, defining the suitable habitat patches and migratory pathways required to construct ecologically realistic connectivity models remains challenging. Focusing on two reef-associated fish species of the Florida Keys, United States of America (USA), we compared two methods for constructing species- and life stage-specific spatial models of habitat suitability—penalized logistic regression and maximum entropy (MaxEnt). The goal of the model comparison was to identify the modeling algorithm that produced the most realistic and detailed products for use in subsequent connectivity assessments. Regardless of species, MaxEnt’s ability to distinguish between suitable and unsuitable locations exceeded that of the penalized regressions. Furthermore, MaxEnt’s habitat suitability predictions more closely aligned with the known ecology of the study species, revealing the environmental conditions and spatial patterns that best support each species across the seascape, with implications for predicting connectivity pathways and the distribution of key ecological processes. Our research demonstrates MaxEnt’s promise as a scalable, species-specific, and spatially explicit tool for informing models of seascape connectivity and guiding coastal conservation efforts.
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Nanami A. Spatial distribution of parrotfishes and groupers in an Okinawan coral reef: size-related associations in relation to habitat characteristics. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12134. [PMID: 34557361 PMCID: PMC8420873 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parrotfishes (Labridae: Scarini) and groupers (Epinephelidae) are important fish groups that are regarded as the fisheries targets of primary importance in coral reefs. In order to establish ecosystem-based management of these two fish groups, clarifying the spatial distribution relative to habitat characteristics is of central importance. The present study investigated the spatial distributions of 12 parrotfishes species and seven groupers species in relation to environmental characteristics in an Okinawan coral reef. Ten out of the 12 parrotfish species and all seven grouper species showed species-specific spatial distributions. Four substrate types in the inner reefs (branching Acropora, bottlebrush Acropora, dead branching Acropora, and dead bottlebrush Acropora), three substrate types in the exposed reefs (massive coral, other coral, and calcium carbonate substratum), and water depth showed significant associations with the spatial distribution of fishes. Among the 12 parrotfish species, two species (Scarus spinus and S. forsteni) and four species (S. psittacus, S. hypselopterus, S. dimidiatus and S. ghobban) were primarily found in exposed reefs and inner reefs, respectively. Among the seven grouper species, two species (Cephalopholis argus and C. urodeta) and two other species (C. miniata and Epinephelus ongus) were primarily found in exposed reefs and inner reefs, respectively. Size-related spatial distribution was also found for three parrotfish species (Chlorurus microrhinos, Scarus rivulatus and S. hypselopterus), indicating that smaller-sized and larger-sized individuals were respectively found at sites with greater coverage of substrates with fine structure (live bottlebrush Acropora and dead bottlebrush Acropora) and coarse structure (live branching Acropora, dead branching Acropora and calcium carbonate substratum). The present study suggested that the spatial distribution of parrotfishes and groupers is not necessarily associated with the higher coverage of living corals, but positively associated with high substrate complexity. Thus, actual spatial distributional patterns of species should be considered to select candidate sites for protection and conservation for the two fish groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Nanami
- Yaeyama Field Station, Coastal and Inland Fisheries Ecosystem Division, Environment and Fisheries Applied Techniques Research Department, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Ishigaki, Okinawa, Japan
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Gajdzik L, DeCarlo TM, Aylagas E, Coker DJ, Green AL, Majoris JE, Saderne VF, Carvalho S, Berumen ML. A portfolio of climate-tailored approaches to advance the design of marine protected areas in the Red Sea. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:3956-3968. [PMID: 34021662 PMCID: PMC8453993 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Intensified coastal development is compromising the health and functioning of marine ecosystems. A key example of this is the Red Sea, a biodiversity hotspot subjected to increasing local human pressures. While some marine-protected areas (MPAs) were placed to alleviate these stressors, it is unclear whether these MPAs are managed or enforced, thus providing limited protection. Yet, most importantly, MPAs in the Red Sea were not designed using climate considerations, likely diminishing their effectiveness against global stressors. Here, we propose to tailor the design of MPAs in the Red Sea by integrating approaches to enhance climate change mitigation and adaptation. First, including coral bleaching susceptibility could produce a more resilient network of MPAs by safeguarding reefs from different thermal regions that vary in spatiotemporal bleaching responses, reducing the risk that all protected reefs will bleach simultaneously. Second, preserving the basin-wide genetic connectivity patterns that are assisted by mesoscale eddies could further ensure recovery of sensitive populations and maintain species potential to adapt to environmental changes. Finally, protecting mangrove forests in the northern and southern Red Sea that act as major carbon sinks could help offset greenhouse gas emissions. If implemented with multinational cooperation and concerted effort among stakeholders, our portfolio of climate-tailored approaches may help build a network of MPAs in the Red Sea that protects more effectively its coastal resources against escalating coastal development and climate instability. Beyond the Red Sea, we anticipate this study to serve as an example of how to improve the utility of tropical MPAs as climate-informed conservation tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gajdzik
- Red Sea Research CenterKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)ThuwalSaudi Arabia
- Present address:
Division of Aquatic ResourcesDepartment of Land and Natural ResourcesState of HawaiʻiHonoluluHI96813USA
| | - Thomas M. DeCarlo
- Red Sea Research CenterKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)ThuwalSaudi Arabia
- Present address:
College of Natural and Computational SciencesHawaiʻi Pacific UniversityHonoluluHI96813USA
| | - Eva Aylagas
- Red Sea Research CenterKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)ThuwalSaudi Arabia
| | - Darren J. Coker
- Red Sea Research CenterKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)ThuwalSaudi Arabia
| | - Alison L. Green
- Red Sea Research CenterKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)ThuwalSaudi Arabia
| | - John E. Majoris
- Red Sea Research CenterKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)ThuwalSaudi Arabia
| | - Vincent F. Saderne
- Red Sea Research CenterKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)ThuwalSaudi Arabia
| | - Susana Carvalho
- Red Sea Research CenterKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)ThuwalSaudi Arabia
| | - Michael L. Berumen
- Red Sea Research CenterKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)ThuwalSaudi Arabia
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils C Krueck
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
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38
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Cheutin MC, Villéger S, Hicks CC, Robinson JPW, Graham NAJ, Marconnet C, Restrepo CXO, Bettarel Y, Bouvier T, Auguet JC. Microbial Shift in the Enteric Bacteriome of Coral Reef Fish Following Climate-Driven Regime Shifts. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081711. [PMID: 34442789 PMCID: PMC8398123 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Replacement of coral by macroalgae in post-disturbance reefs, also called a “coral-macroalgal regime shift”, is increasing in response to climate-driven ocean warming. Such ecosystem change is known to impact planktonic and benthic reef microbial communities but few studies have examined the effect on animal microbiota. In order to understand the consequence of coral-macroalgal shifts on the coral reef fish enteric bacteriome, we used a metabarcoding approach to examine the gut bacteriomes of 99 individual fish representing 36 species collected on reefs of the Inner Seychelles islands that, following bleaching, had either recovered to coral domination, or shifted to macroalgae. While the coral-macroalgal shift did not influence the diversity, richness or variability of fish gut bacteriomes, we observed a significant effect on the composition (R2 = 0.02; p = 0.001), especially in herbivorous fishes (R2 = 0.07; p = 0.001). This change is accompanied by a significant increase in the proportion of fermentative bacteria (Rikenella, Akkermensia, Desulfovibrio, Brachyspira) and associated metabolisms (carbohydrates metabolism, DNA replication, and nitrogen metabolism) in relation to the strong turnover of Scarinae and Siganidae fishes. Predominance of fermentative metabolisms in fish found on macroalgal dominated reefs indicates that regime shifts not only affect the taxonomic composition of fish bacteriomes, but also have the potential to affect ecosystem functioning through microbial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Charlotte Cheutin
- UMR MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, 34095 Montpellier, France; (S.V.); (C.M.); (C.X.O.R.); (Y.B.); (T.B.); (J.-C.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Sébastien Villéger
- UMR MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, 34095 Montpellier, France; (S.V.); (C.M.); (C.X.O.R.); (Y.B.); (T.B.); (J.-C.A.)
| | - Christina C. Hicks
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK; (C.C.H.); (J.P.W.R.); (N.A.J.G.)
| | - James P. W. Robinson
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK; (C.C.H.); (J.P.W.R.); (N.A.J.G.)
| | - Nicholas A. J. Graham
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK; (C.C.H.); (J.P.W.R.); (N.A.J.G.)
| | - Clémence Marconnet
- UMR MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, 34095 Montpellier, France; (S.V.); (C.M.); (C.X.O.R.); (Y.B.); (T.B.); (J.-C.A.)
| | - Claudia Ximena Ortiz Restrepo
- UMR MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, 34095 Montpellier, France; (S.V.); (C.M.); (C.X.O.R.); (Y.B.); (T.B.); (J.-C.A.)
| | - Yvan Bettarel
- UMR MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, 34095 Montpellier, France; (S.V.); (C.M.); (C.X.O.R.); (Y.B.); (T.B.); (J.-C.A.)
| | - Thierry Bouvier
- UMR MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, 34095 Montpellier, France; (S.V.); (C.M.); (C.X.O.R.); (Y.B.); (T.B.); (J.-C.A.)
| | - Jean-Christophe Auguet
- UMR MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, 34095 Montpellier, France; (S.V.); (C.M.); (C.X.O.R.); (Y.B.); (T.B.); (J.-C.A.)
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Recent expansion of marine protected areas matches with home range of grey reef sharks. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14221. [PMID: 34244536 PMCID: PMC8270914 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93426-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dramatic declines in reef shark populations have been documented worldwide in response to human activities. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) offer a useful mechanism to protect these species and their roles in coral reef ecosystems. The effectiveness of MPAs notably relies on compliance together with sufficient size to encompass animal home range. Here, we measured home range of 147 grey reef sharks, Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos, using acoustic telemetry in New Caledonia. The distribution of home range was then compared to local MPA sizes. We report a home range of 12 km2 of reef for the species with strong differences between adult males (21 km2), adult females (4.4 km2) and juveniles (6.2 km2 for males, 2.7 km2 for females). Whereas local historic MPA size seemed adequate to protect reef shark home range in general, these were clearly too small when considering adult males only, which is consistent with the reported failure of MPAs to protect sharks in New Caledonia. Fortunately, the recent implementation of several orders of magnitude larger MPAs in New Caledonia and abroad show that recent Indo-Pacific MPAs are now sufficiently large to protect the home ranges of this species, including males, across its geographical range. However, protection efforts are concentrated in a few regions and cannot provide adequate protection at a global scale.
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Natural nutrient subsidies alter demographic rates in a functionally important coral-reef fish. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12575. [PMID: 34131172 PMCID: PMC8206227 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91884-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
By improving resource quality, cross-ecosystem nutrient subsidies may boost demographic rates of consumers in recipient ecosystems, which in turn can affect population and community dynamics. However, empirical studies on how nutrient subsidies simultaneously affect multiple demographic rates are lacking, in part because humans have disrupted the majority of these natural flows. Here, we compare the demographics of a sex-changing parrotfish (Chlorurus sordidus) between reefs where cross-ecosystem nutrients provided by seabirds are available versus nearby reefs where invasive, predatory rats have removed seabird populations. For this functionally important species, we found evidence for a trade-off between investing in growth and fecundity, with parrotfish around rat-free islands with many seabirds exhibiting 35% faster growth, but 21% lower size-based fecundity, than those around rat-infested islands with few seabirds. Although there were no concurrent differences in population-level density or biomass, overall mean body size was 16% larger around rat-free islands. Because the functional significance of parrotfish as grazers and bioeroders increases non-linearly with size, the increased growth rates and body sizes around rat-free islands likely contributes to higher ecosystem function on coral reefs that receive natural nutrient subsidies. More broadly, these results demonstrate additional benefits, and potential trade-offs, of restoring natural nutrient pathways for recipient ecosystems.
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An integrative investigation of sensory organ development and orientation behavior throughout the larval phase of a coral reef fish. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12377. [PMID: 34117298 PMCID: PMC8196062 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91640-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The dispersal of marine larvae determines the level of connectivity among populations, influences population dynamics, and affects evolutionary processes. Patterns of dispersal are influenced by both ocean currents and larval behavior, yet the role of behavior remains poorly understood. Here we report the first integrated study of the ontogeny of multiple sensory systems and orientation behavior throughout the larval phase of a coral reef fish-the neon goby, Elacatinus lori. We document the developmental morphology of all major sensory organs (lateral line, visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory) together with the development of larval swimming and orientation behaviors observed in a circular arena set adrift at sea. We show that all sensory organs are present at hatch and increase in size (or number) and complexity throughout the larval phase. Further, we demonstrate that most larvae can orient as early as 2 days post-hatch, and they swim faster and straighter as they develop. We conclude that sensory organs and swimming abilities are sufficiently developed to allow E. lori larvae to orient soon after hatch, suggesting that early orientation behavior may be common among coral reef fishes. Finally, we provide a framework for testing alternative hypotheses for the orientation strategies used by fish larvae, laying a foundation for a deeper understanding of the role of behavior in shaping dispersal patterns in the sea.
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McClure EC, Hoey AS, Sievers KT, Abesamis RA, Russ GR. Relative influence of environmental factors and fishing on coral reef fish assemblages. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2021; 35:976-990. [PMID: 32939886 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding whether assemblages of species respond more strongly to bottom-up (availability of trophic resources or habitats) or top-down (predation pressure) processes is important for effective management of resources and ecosystems. We determined the relative influence of environmental factors and predation by humans in shaping the density, biomass, and species richness of 4 medium-bodied (10-40 cm total length [TL]) coral reef fish groups targeted by fishers (mesopredators, planktivores, grazer and detritivores, and scrapers) and the density of 2 groups not targeted by fishers (invertivores, small fish ≤10 cm TL) in the central Philippines. Boosted regression trees were used to model the response of each fish group to 21 predictor variables: 13 habitat variables, 5 island variables, and 3 fishing variables (no-take marine reserve [NTMR] presence or absence, NTMR size, and NTMR age). Targeted and nontargeted fish groups responded most strongly to habitat variables, then island variables. Fishing (NTMR) variables generally had less influence on fish groups. Of the habitat variables, live hard coral cover, structural complexity or habitat complexity index, and depth had the greatest effects on density, biomass, and species richness of targeted fish groups and on the density of nontargeted fishes. Of the island variables, proximity to the nearest river and island elevation had the most influence on fish groups. The NTMRs affected only fishes targeted by fishers; NTMR size positively correlated with density, biomass, and species richness of targeted fishes, particularly mesopredatory, and grazing and detritivorous fishes. Importantly, NTMRs as small as 15 ha positively affected medium-bodied fishes. This finding provides reassurance for regions that have invested in small-scale community-managed NTMRs. However, management strategies that integrate sound coastal land-use practices to conserve adjacent reef fish habitat, strategic NTMR placement, and establishment of larger NTMRs will be crucial for maintaining biodiversity and fisheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva C McClure
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
- Australian Rivers Institute - Coast and Estuaries, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, 4215, Australia
| | - Andrew S Hoey
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Katie T Sievers
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Rene A Abesamis
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
- Silliman University Angelo King Center for Research and Environmental Management, Silliman University, Dumaguete, 6200, Philippines
| | - Garry R Russ
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
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Gajdzik L, Green AL, Cochran JEM, Hardenstine RS, Tanabe LK, Berumen ML. Using species connectivity to achieve coordinated large-scale marine conservation efforts in the Red Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 166:112244. [PMID: 33740655 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In the face of increasing anthropogenic threats, coastal nations need to reach common ground for effective marine conservation. Understanding species' connectivity can reveal how nations share resources, demonstrating the need for cooperative protection efforts. Unfortunately, connectivity information is rarely integrated into the design of marine protected areas (MPAs). This is exemplified in the Red Sea where biodiversity is only nominally protected by a non-cohesive network of small-sized MPAs, most of which are barely implemented. Here, we showcase the potential of using connectivity patterns of flagship species to consolidate conservation efforts in the Red Sea. We argue that a large-scale MPA (LSMPA) would more effectively preserve Red Sea species' multinational migration routes. A connectivity-informed LSMPA approach provides thus one avenue to unite coastal nations toward acting for the common good of conservation and reverse the global decline in marine biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gajdzik
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 4700 KAUST, 23955 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Alison L Green
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 4700 KAUST, 23955 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jesse E M Cochran
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 4700 KAUST, 23955 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Royale S Hardenstine
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 4700 KAUST, 23955 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lyndsey K Tanabe
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 4700 KAUST, 23955 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael L Berumen
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 4700 KAUST, 23955 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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Birt MJ, Cure K, Wilson S, Newman SJ, Harvey ES, Meekan M, Speed C, Heyward A, Goetze J, Gilmour J. Isolated reefs support stable fish communities with high abundances of regionally fished species. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:4701-4718. [PMID: 33976841 PMCID: PMC8093692 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic impacts at isolated and inaccessible reefs are often minimal, offering rare opportunities to observe fish assemblages in a relatively undisturbed state. The remote Rowley Shoals are regarded as one of the healthiest reef systems in the Indian Ocean with demonstrated resilience to natural disturbance, no permanent human population nearby, low visitation rates, and large protected areas where fishing prohibitions are enforced. We used baited remote underwater video systems (BRUVS) to quantify fish assemblages and the relative abundance of regionally fished species within the lagoon, on the slope and in the mesophotic habitat at the Rowley Shoals at three times spanning 14 years and compared abundances of regionally fished species and the length distributions of predatory species to other isolated reefs in the northeast Indian Ocean. Fish assemblage composition and the relative abundance of regionally fished species were remarkably stable through time. We recorded high abundances of regionally fished species relative to other isolated reefs, including globally threatened humphead Maori wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus) and bumphead parrotfish (Bolbometopon muricatum). Length distributions of fish differed among habitats at the Rowley Shoals, suggesting differences in ontogenetic shifts among species. The Cocos (Keeling) Islands typically had larger-bodied predatory species than at the Rowley Shoals. Differences in geomorphology, lagoonal habitats, and fishing history likely contribute to the differences among remote reefs. Rowley Shoals is a rare example of a reef system demonstrating ecological stability in reef fish assemblages during a time of unprecedented degradation of coral reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Birt
- The Australian Institute of Marine ScienceIndian Ocean Marine Research Centre, Cnr of Fairway and Service Road 4PerthWA6009Australia
| | - Katherine Cure
- The Australian Institute of Marine ScienceIndian Ocean Marine Research Centre, Cnr of Fairway and Service Road 4PerthWA6009Australia
| | - Shaun Wilson
- Marine Science ProgramDepartment of Biodiversity, Conservation and AttractionsGovernment of Western Australia17 Dick Perry AveKensingtonWA6151Australia
- Oceans InstituteThe University of Western AustraliaIndian Ocean Marine Research Centre, Cnr of Fairway and Service Road 4PerthWA6009Australia
| | - Stephen J. Newman
- Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research LaboratoriesDepartment of Primary Industries and Regional DevelopmentGovernment of Western AustraliaP.O Box 20North BeachWA6920Australia
| | - Euan S. Harvey
- School of Molecular and Life SciencesCurtin UniversityPerthWAAustralia
| | - Mark Meekan
- The Australian Institute of Marine ScienceIndian Ocean Marine Research Centre, Cnr of Fairway and Service Road 4PerthWA6009Australia
| | - Conrad Speed
- The Australian Institute of Marine ScienceIndian Ocean Marine Research Centre, Cnr of Fairway and Service Road 4PerthWA6009Australia
| | - Andrew Heyward
- The Australian Institute of Marine ScienceIndian Ocean Marine Research Centre, Cnr of Fairway and Service Road 4PerthWA6009Australia
- Oceans InstituteThe University of Western AustraliaIndian Ocean Marine Research Centre, Cnr of Fairway and Service Road 4PerthWA6009Australia
| | - Jordan Goetze
- Marine Science ProgramDepartment of Biodiversity, Conservation and AttractionsGovernment of Western Australia17 Dick Perry AveKensingtonWA6151Australia
- School of Molecular and Life SciencesCurtin UniversityPerthWAAustralia
| | - James Gilmour
- The Australian Institute of Marine ScienceIndian Ocean Marine Research Centre, Cnr of Fairway and Service Road 4PerthWA6009Australia
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Reguera-Rouzaud N, Díaz-Viloria N, Pérez-Enríquez R, Espino-Barr E, Rivera-Lucero MI, Munguía-Vega A. Drivers for genetic structure at different geographic scales for Pacific red snapper (Lutjanus peru) and yellow snapper (Lutjanus argentiventris) in the tropical eastern Pacific. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 98:1267-1280. [PMID: 33349917 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The tropical eastern Pacific (TEP) is a highly dynamic region and a model system to study how habitat discontinuities affect the distribution of shorefishes, particularly for species that display ontogenetic habitat shifts, including snappers (Lutjanidae). To evaluate the genetic structure of the Pacific red snapper (Lutjanus peru) and the yellow snapper (Lutjanus argentiventris) throughout their distribution range along the TEP, 13 and 11 microsatellite loci were analysed, respectively. The genetic diversity of L. peru (N = 446) and L. argentiventris (N = 170) was evaluated in 10 and 5 localities, respectively, showing slightly higher but non-significant values in the Gulf of California for both species. The genetic structure analysis identified the presence of significant genetic structure in both species, but the locations of the identified barriers for the gene flow differed between species. The principal driver for the genetic structure at large scales >2500 km was isolation by distance. At smaller scales (<250 km), the habitat discontinuity for juveniles and adults and the environmental differences throughout the distribution range represented potential barriers to gene flow between populations for both species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Reguera-Rouzaud
- Departamento de Plancton y Ecología Marina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional-Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (IPN-CICIMAR), La Paz, Mexico
| | - Noé Díaz-Viloria
- Departamento de Plancton y Ecología Marina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional-Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (IPN-CICIMAR), La Paz, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Pérez-Enríquez
- Departamento de Acuicultura, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C., La Paz, Mexico
| | - Elaine Espino-Barr
- Instituto Nacional de Pesca, CRIP-Manzanillo, Playa Ventana, Colima, Mexico
| | | | - Adrián Munguía-Vega
- Conservation Genetics Laboratory & Desert Laboratory on Tumamoc Hill, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- @Lab Applied Genomics, La Paz, Mexico
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Assessing Assemblage Composition of Reproductively Mature Resource Fishes at a Community Based Subsistence Fishing Area (CBSFA). DIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/d13030114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nearshore fisheries in Hawai‘i have been steadily decreasing for over a century. Marine protected areas (MPAs) have been utilized as a method to both conserve biodiversity and enhance fisheries. The composition of resource fishes within and directly outside of the recently established Hā‘ena Community Based Subsistence Fishing Area (CBSFA) on the island of Kaua‘i were assessed to determine temporal and spatial patterns in assemblage structure. In situ visual surveys of fishes, invertebrates, and benthos were conducted using a stratified random sampling design to evaluate the efficacy of the MPA between 2016 and 2020. L50 values—defined as the size at which half of the individuals in a population have reached reproductive maturity—were used as proxies for identifying reproductively mature resource fishes both inside and outside the CBSFA. Surveys between 2016 and 2020 did not indicate strong temporal or spatial changes in overall resource fish assemblage structure; however, some species-specific changes were evident. Although overall resource species diversity and richness were significantly higher by 2020 inside the MPA boundaries, there is currently no strong evidence for a reserve effect.
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Skinner C, Mill AC, Fox MD, Newman SP, Zhu Y, Kuhl A, Polunin NVC. Offshore pelagic subsidies dominate carbon inputs to coral reef predators. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/8/eabf3792. [PMID: 33608282 PMCID: PMC7895429 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf3792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Coral reefs were traditionally perceived as productive hot spots in oligotrophic waters. While modern evidence indicates that many coral reef food webs are heavily subsidized by planktonic production, the pathways through which this occurs remain unresolved. We used the analytical power of carbon isotope analysis of essential amino acids to distinguish between alternative carbon pathways supporting four key reef predators across an oceanic atoll. This technique separates benthic versus planktonic inputs, further identifying two distinct planktonic pathways (nearshore reef-associated plankton and offshore pelagic plankton), and revealing that these reef predators are overwhelmingly sustained by offshore pelagic sources rather than by reef sources (including reef-associated plankton). Notably, pelagic reliance did not vary between species or reef habitats, emphasizing that allochthonous energetic subsidies may have system-wide importance. These results help explain how coral reefs maintain exceptional productivity in apparently nutrient-poor tropical settings, but also emphasize their susceptibility to future ocean productivity fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Skinner
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
- Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering, Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - A C Mill
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - M D Fox
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - S P Newman
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
- Banyan Tree Marine Lab, Vabbinfaru Resort, North Malé Atoll, Republic of Maldives
| | - Y Zhu
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - A Kuhl
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - N V C Polunin
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
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Lin YJ, Rabaoui L, Basali AU, Lopez M, Lindo R, Krishnakumar PK, Qurban MA, Prihartato PK, Cortes DL, Qasem A, Al-Abdulkader K, Roa-Ureta RH. Long-term ecological changes in fishes and macro-invertebrates in the world's warmest coral reefs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 750:142254. [PMID: 33182216 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Arabian Gulf is a natural laboratory for examining the consequences of large-scale disturbances due to global warming on coral reef ecosystems because of its extreme temperature regime. Using a coral reef monitoring time series extending from 1985 to 2015, we examined the long-term ecological changes in fish and macro-invertebrate communities as these habitats suffered heat shocks. We used a GLMM modelling framework to obtain clean annual signals in community indicators from noisy data. We also visualized temporal change in the taxonomic composition of fishes and macro-invertebrates. A phase shift from predominantly reef-building corals to barren grounds occurred between 1996 and 2000. Macro-invertebrates responded rapidly, and most of associated indicators recovered to pre-shift levels in 15 years. Fishes generally had lagged responses to the phase shift and had shifted to a new state with lower abundance, as well as different species composition. Increased levels of herbivory first by macro-invertebrates, mostly sea urchins, and then fishes, could have suppressed macro-algae expansion and consequently led to the dominance of barren ground. When the phase shift occurred, most of the 14 fish families declined in abundance while macro-invertebrate groups increased. Fish families able to utilize non-coral habitats appeared more resilient to the disturbances and subsequent coral degradation. Unlike other regions, we observed high resilience of the coral-dependent butterflyfishes to coral loss, possibly due to local migration from other less-impacted coral reefs. We hypothesized a top-down control mechanism mediated by predation by fishes has contributed to shaping the temporal and spatial patterns of the macro-invertebrates. Our results also revealed differences in spatial preferences among fishes and macro-invertebrate groups, which could be used to set priorities and develop effective conservation and management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jia Lin
- Center for Environment & Water, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Lotfi Rabaoui
- Center for Environment & Water, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullajid Usama Basali
- Center for Environment & Water, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maclopez Lopez
- Center for Environment & Water, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reynaldo Lindo
- Center for Environment & Water, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Periyadan K Krishnakumar
- Center for Environment & Water, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Qurban
- Center for Environment & Water, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Diego Lozano Cortes
- Environmental Protection Department, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Qasem
- Environmental Protection Department, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
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49
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Sievers KT, McClure EC, Abesamis RA, Russ GR. Non-reef habitats in a tropical seascape affect density and biomass of fishes on coral reefs. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:13673-13686. [PMID: 33391672 PMCID: PMC7771147 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonreef habitats such as mangroves, seagrass, and macroalgal beds are important for foraging, spawning, and as nursery habitat for some coral reef fishes. The spatial configuration of nonreef habitats adjacent to coral reefs can therefore have a substantial influence on the distribution and composition of reef fish. We investigate how different habitats in a tropical seascape in the Philippines influence the presence, density, and biomass of coral reef fishes to understand the relative importance of different habitats across various spatial scales. A detailed seascape map generated from satellite imagery was combined with field surveys of fish and benthic habitat on coral reefs. We then compared the relative importance of local reef (within coral reef) and adjacent habitat (habitats in the surrounding seascape) variables for coral reef fishes. Overall, adjacent habitat variables were as important as local reef variables in explaining reef fish density and biomass, despite being fewer in number in final models. For adult and juvenile wrasses (Labridae), and juveniles of some parrotfish taxa (Chlorurus), adjacent habitat was more important in explaining fish density and biomass. Notably, wrasses were positively influenced by the amount of sand and macroalgae in the adjacent seascape. Adjacent habitat metrics with the highest relative importance were sand (positive), macroalgae (positive), and mangrove habitats (negative), and fish responses to these metrics were consistent across fish groups evaluated. The 500-m spatial scale was selected most often in models for seascape variables. Local coral reef variables with the greatest importance were percent cover of live coral (positive), sand (negative), and macroalgae (mixed). Incorporating spatial metrics that describe the surrounding seascape will capture more holistic patterns of fish-habitat relationships on reefs. This is important in regions where protection of reef fish habitat is an integral part of fisheries management but where protection of nonreef habitats is often overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie T. Sievers
- College of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQLDAustralia
- Australia Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef StudiesJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQLDAustralia
| | - Eva C. McClure
- College of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQLDAustralia
- Australia Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef StudiesJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQLDAustralia
| | - Rene A. Abesamis
- Silliman University Angelo King Center for Research and Environmental ManagementSilliman UniversityDumaguete CityPhilippines
| | - Garry R. Russ
- College of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQLDAustralia
- Australia Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef StudiesJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQLDAustralia
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50
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Magris RA, Costa MDP, Ferreira CEL, Vilar CC, Joyeux J, Creed JC, Copertino MS, Horta PA, Sumida PYG, Francini‐Filho RB, Floeter SR. A blueprint for securing Brazil's marine biodiversity and supporting the achievement of global conservation goals. DIVERS DISTRIB 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael A. Magris
- Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation Ministry of Environment Brasilia Brazil
| | - Micheli D. P. Costa
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Centre for Integrative Ecology Deakin University Melbourne Vic. Australia
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Carlos E. L. Ferreira
- Reef Systems Ecology and Conservation Lab Departamento de Biologia Marinha Universidade Federal Fluminense Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Ciro C. Vilar
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo Vitória Brazil
| | - Jean‐Christophe Joyeux
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo Vitória Brazil
| | - Joel C. Creed
- Departamento de Ecologia Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara GomesUniversidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Margareth S. Copertino
- Lab. Ecologia Vegetal Costeira Instituto de Oceanografia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande – FURG Rio Grande Brazil
| | - Paulo A. Horta
- Departamento de Botânica Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina – UFSC Florianópolis Brazil
| | - Paulo Y. G. Sumida
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo Praça do Oceanográfico São Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Sergio R. Floeter
- Marine Macroecology and Biogeography Laboratory Department of Ecology and Zoology Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis Brazil
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