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McCleskey SG, Vargas Bustamante A, Ahluwalia SC, Nuckols TK, Kominski GF, Chuang E. Racial Differences in Treatment Intensity at the End of Life Among Older Adults with Heart Failure: Evidence from the Health and Retirement Study. J Palliat Med 2024; 27:854-860. [PMID: 38546482 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2023.0369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Black Americans experience the highest prevalence of heart failure (HF) and the worst clinical outcomes of any racial or ethnic group, but little is known about end-of-life care for this population. Objective: Compare treatment intensity between Black and White older adults with HF near the end of life. Design: Negative binomial and logistic regression analyses of pooled, cross-sectional data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Setting/Subjects: A total of 1607 U.S. adults aged 65 years and older with HF who identify as Black or White, and whose proxy informant participated in an HRS exit interview between 2002 and 2016. Measurements: We compared four common measures of treatment intensity at the end of life (number of hospital admissions, receipt of care in an intensive care unit (ICU), utilization of life support, and whether the decedent died in a hospital) between Black and White HF patients, controlling for demographic, social, and health characteristics. Results: Racial identity was not significantly associated with the number of hospital admissions or admission to an ICU in the last 24 months of life. However, Black HF patients were more likely to spend time on life support (odds ratio [OR] = 2.16, confidence interval [CI] = 1.35-3.44, p = 0.00) and more likely to die in a hospital (OR = 1.53, CI = 1.03-2.28, p = 0.04) than White HF patients. Conclusion: Black HF patients were more likely to die in a hospital and to spend time on life support than White HF patients. Thoughtful and consistent engagement with HF patients regarding treatment preferences is an important step in addressing inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara G McCleskey
- Behavioral and Policy Sciences, RAND, Santa Monica, California, USA
| | - Arturo Vargas Bustamante
- Department of Health Policy and Management, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Teryl K Nuckols
- Behavioral and Policy Sciences, RAND, Santa Monica, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gerald F Kominski
- Department of Health Policy and Management, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Emmeline Chuang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
- School of Social Welfare, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
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2
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Rivera FB, Choi S, Carado GP, Adizas AV, Bantayan NRB, Loyola GJP, Cha SW, Aparece JP, Rocha AJB, Placino S, Ansay MFM, Mangubat GFE, Mahilum MLP, Al-Abcha A, Suleman N, Shah N, Suboc TMB, Volgman AS. End-Of-Life Care for Patients With End-Stage Heart Failure, Comparisons of International Guidelines. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2024; 41:87-98. [PMID: 36705612 DOI: 10.1177/10499091231154575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a chronic, debilitating condition associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and socioeconomic burden. Patients with end-stage HF (ESHF) who are not a candidate for advanced therapies will continue to progress despite standard medical therapy. Thus, the focus of care shifts from prolonging life to controlling symptoms and improving quality of life through palliative care (PC). Because the condition and prognosis of HF patients evolve and can rapidly deteriorate, it is imperative to begin the discussion on end-of-life (EOL) issues early during HF management. These include the completion of an advance directive, do-not-resuscitate orders, and policies on device therapy and discontinuation as part of advance care planning (ACP). ESHF patients who do not have indications for advanced therapies or those who wish not to have a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) or heart transplant (HT) often experience high symptom burden despite adequate medical management. The proper identification and assessment of symptoms such as pain, dyspnea, nausea, depression, and anxiety are essential to the management of ESHF and may be underdiagnosed and undertreated. Psychological support and spiritual care are also crucial to improving the quality of life during EOL. Caregivers of ESHF patients must also be provided supportive care to prevent compassion fatigue and improve resilience in patient care. In this narrative review, we compare the international guidelines and provide an overview of end-of-life and palliative care for patients with ESHF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarang Choi
- Ateneo de Manila School of Medicine and Public Health, Pasig City, Philippines
| | - Genquen Philip Carado
- University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center, Inc, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Arcel V Adizas
- University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Siena Placino
- St Luke's Medical Center College of Medicine, William H. Quasha Memorial, Manila, Philippines
| | | | | | | | - Abdullah Al-Abcha
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Natasha Suleman
- Department of Palliative Care, Lincoln Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Nishant Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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3
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Morita K, Miyamoto Y, Mizuno A, Shirane S, Ohbe H, Hashimoto Y, Kaneko H, Matsui H, Fushimi K, Yasunaga H. Impact of a financial incentive scheme for team-based palliative care in patients with heart failure in Japan: A nationwide database study. Int J Cardiol 2023; 387:131145. [PMID: 37364713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.131145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Palliative care provided to patients with heart failure (HF) are reported to be inadequate. Herein, we examined the impact of the recently introduced financial incentive scheme for team-based palliative care for patients with HF in acute care hospitals in Japan. METHODS Using a nationwide inpatient database, we identified patients aged ≥65 years with HF who had died between April 2015 and March 2021. Interrupted time-series analyses were used to compare practice patterns in end-of-life care (symptom management and invasive medical procedures within one week before death) before and after the financial incentive scheme issuance in April 2018. RESULTS Overall, 53,857 patients in 835 hospitals were eligible. The adoption of the financial incentive was 1.10 to 1.22% after the introduction. There were upward pre-trends in opioid use (+0.11% per month; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.06 to 0.15) and antidepressant use (+0.06% per month; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.09). Opioid use showed a downward slope change during the post-period (-0.07% change in trend; 95% CI, -0.13 to -0.01). Intensive care unit stay showed a downward pre-trend (-0.09% per month; 95% CI, -0.14 to -0.04) and upward slope changes during the post-period (+0.12% change in trend; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.19). Invasive mechanical ventilation showed downward slope changes during the post-period (-0.11% change in trend; 95% CI, -0.18 to -0.04). CONCLUSIONS The financial incentive scheme for team-based palliative care was rarely adopted and not associated with changes in end-of-life care. Further multifaceted strategies to promote palliative care for HF are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kojiro Morita
- Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Yoshihisa Miyamoto
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Mizuno
- Department of Cardiology, QI center, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1, Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan
| | - Sachie Shirane
- Department of Palliative Therapy, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan; Department of Palliative Care, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohbe
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yohei Hashimoto
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Kaneko
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Advanced Cardiology, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroki Matsui
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kiyohide Fushimi
- Department of Health Policy and Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hideo Yasunaga
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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4
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Höijer CJ, Johnson MJ. Deactivation of implantable defibrillators at the end of life - A register-based study of ICD-deactivation at home and the impact of palliative care. Int J Cardiol 2023:S0167-5273(23)00740-4. [PMID: 37263357 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) is a well-established life-saving therapy for heart failure patients, but due to the risk for unnecessary shocks, deactivation of ICD:s is recommended at the end of life. We aimed to identify i) how many people with HF and an ICD who died in Sweden in 2018 received Specialized Palliative Care (SPC), ii) of those dying outside of hospital, the proportion with deactivated ICDs prior to death for the group as a whole and by SPC access. METHODS AND RESULTS We analyzed data from i) the Swedish ICD and Pacemaker Registry to find all who died with an ICD in Sweden in 2018, ii) the Swedish Register of Palliative Care and, iii) the Swedish Causes of Death Certificate Register to find those who died outside of hospital. Clinical records were obtained to assess if ICDs were deactivated before death. Descriptive statistics, t-tests and chi-squared tests were applied. 46/406 (11%) of those who died with an ICD in Sweden in 2018 had SPC access, of whom 50% also had cancer. 86/164 (52%) ICDs were deactivated prior to death in people dying outside of hospital; higher in those accessing SPC (36/46, (78%) SPC access versus 151/360, (42%) no SPC access; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Half of those with HF and an ICD dying outside of hospital had ICD deactivation prior to death. Those accessing SPC were more likely to have their ICD deactivated but few received SPC, without a comorbid cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl J Höijer
- Department of Cardiology and Institute for Palliative Care, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Sweden.
| | - Miriam J Johnson
- Professor in Palliative Medicine, Wolfson Palliative Care Research Centre, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
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5
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Brondeel KC, Duncan SA, Luther PM, Anderson A, Bhargava P, Mosieri C, Ahmadzadeh S, Shekoohi S, Cornett EM, Fox CJ, Kaye AD. Palliative Care and Multi-Agent Systems: A Necessary Paradigm Shift. Clin Pract 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/clinpract13020046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Palliative care is intended to relieve caregivers of physical, psychological, and even spiritual elements of care. One of the most prevalent issues facing this form of care is a lack of healthcare resources and structures to deal with an aging population. This aging population is placing a strain on the healthcare system, prompting a need for a shift in system management. A potential answer to this issue may be the Multi-Agent System (MAS). This category of computerized networking system was created by programmers to gather relevant health information on a patient and allow for the system to act with other agents to decide the best course for disease management. It can also allow for a multidisciplinary healthcare team to make more informed plans of actions for their patients by providing accurate and up-to-date information resulting from a greater synergetic mesh. MASs could fulfill the demands of a rising chronic illness population and deliver high-quality care, indicating a major paradigm shift within the US. In this review, we will evaluate the aging population and contributing factors, palliative care and the need for the multi-agent system, and clinical considerations involving examples from healthcare systems both on and beyond US shores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley C. Brondeel
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Sheina A. Duncan
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Patrick M. Luther
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Alexandra Anderson
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Pranav Bhargava
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Chizoba Mosieri
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Shahab Ahmadzadeh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Sahar Shekoohi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Elyse M. Cornett
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Charles J. Fox
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Alan D. Kaye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
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6
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Ijaopo EO, Zaw KM, Ijaopo RO, Khawand-Azoulai M. A Review of Clinical Signs and Symptoms of Imminent End-of-Life in Individuals With Advanced Illness. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2023; 9:23337214231183243. [PMID: 37426771 PMCID: PMC10327414 DOI: 10.1177/23337214231183243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: World population is not only aging but suffering from serious chronic illnesses, requiring an increasing need for end-of-life care. However, studies show that many healthcare providers involved in the care of dying patients sometimes express challenges in knowing when to stop non-beneficial investigations and futile treatments that tend to prolong undue suffering for the dying person. Objective: To evaluate the clinical signs and symptoms that show end-of-life is imminent in individuals with advanced illness. Design: Narrative review. Methods: Computerized databases, including PubMed, Embase, Medline,CINAHL, PsycInfo, and Google Scholar were searched from 1992 to 2022 for relevant original papers written in or translated into English language that investigated clinical signs and symptoms of imminent death in individuals with advanced illness. Results: 185 articles identified were carefully reviewed and only those that met the inclusion criteria were included for review. Conclusion: While it is often difficult to predict the timing of death, the ability of healthcare providers to recognize the clinical signs and symptoms of imminent death in terminally-ill individuals may lead to earlier anticipation of care needs and better planning to provide care that is tailored to individual's needs, and ultimately results in better end-of-life care, as well as a better bereavement adjustment experience for the families.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khin Maung Zaw
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL, USA
- Miami VA Medical Center, FL, USA
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7
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Zehnder AR, Pedrosa Carrasco AJ, Etkind SN. Factors associated with hospitalisations of patients with chronic heart failure approaching the end of life: A systematic review. Palliat Med 2022; 36:1452-1468. [PMID: 36172637 PMCID: PMC9749018 DOI: 10.1177/02692163221123422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure has high mortality and is linked to substantial burden for patients, carers and health care systems. Patients with chronic heart failure frequently experience recurrent hospitalisations peaking at the end of life, but most prefer to avoid hospital. The drivers of hospitalisations are not well understood. AIM We aimed to synthesise the evidence on factors associated with all-cause and heart failure hospitalisations of patients with advanced chronic heart failure. DESIGN Systematic review of studies quantitatively evaluating factors associated with all-cause or heart failure hospitalisations in adult patients with advanced chronic heart failure. DATA SOURCES Five electronic databases were searched from inception to September 2020. Additionally, searches for grey literature, citation searching and hand-searching were performed. We assessed the quality of individual studies using the QualSyst tool. Strength of evidence was determined weighing number, quality and consistency of studies. Findings are reported narratively as pooling was not deemed feasible. RESULTS In 54 articles, 68 individual, illness-level, service-level and environmental factors were identified. We found high/moderate strength evidence for specialist palliative or hospice care being associated with reduced risk of all-cause and heart failure hospitalisations, respectively. Based on high strength evidence, we further identified black/non-white ethnicity as a risk factor for all-cause hospitalisations. CONCLUSION Efforts to integrate hospice and specialist palliative services into care may reduce avoidable hospitalisations in advanced heart failure. Inequalities in end-of-life care in terms of race/ethnicity should be addressed. Further research should investigate the causality of the relationships identified here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina R Zehnder
- Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy and Rehabilitation, King's College London, London, UK.,Rautipraxis, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Simon N Etkind
- Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy and Rehabilitation, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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8
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Lee JH, Hwang KK. End-of-Life Care for End-stage Heart Failure Patients. Korean Circ J 2022; 52:659-679. [PMID: 36097835 PMCID: PMC9470494 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2022.0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts to improve end-of-life (EOL) care have generally been focused on cancer patients, but high-quality EOL care is also important for patients with other serious medical illnesses including heart failure (HF). Recent HF guidelines offer more clinical considerations for palliative care including EOL care than ever before. Because HF patients can experience rapid, unexpected clinical deterioration or sudden death throughout the disease trajectory, choosing an appropriate time to discuss issues such as advance directives or hospice can be challenging in real clinical situations. Therefore, EOL issues should be discussed early. Conversations are important for understanding patient and family expectations and developing mutually agreed goals of care. In particular, high-quality communication with patient and family through a multidisciplinary team is necessary to define patient-centered goals of care and establish treatment based on goals. Control of symptoms such as dyspnea, pain, anxiety/depression, fatigue, nausea, anorexia, and altered mental status throughout the dying process is an important issue that is often overlooked. When quality-of-life outweighs expanding quantity-of-life, the transition to EOL care should be considered. Advanced care planning including resuscitation (i.e., do-not resuscitate order), device deactivation, site for last days and bereavement support for the family should focus on ensuring a good death and be reviewed regularly. It is essential to ensure that treatment for all HF patients incorporates discussions about the overall goals of care and individual patient preferences at both the EOL and sudden changes in health status. In this review, we focus on EOL care for end-stage HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Kyung-Kuk Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea.
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9
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The Value of SII in Predicting the Mortality of Patients with Heart Failure. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:3455372. [PMID: 35634435 PMCID: PMC9135558 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3455372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background The main purpose of this study was to explore the predictive value of the systemic immune inflammation index (SII), a novel clinical marker, in heart failure (HF) patients. Methods Critically ill patients with HF were identified from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC III) database. Patients were divided into three groups according to tertiles of SII (group 1, group 2, group 3). We used Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards regression models to evaluate the association between the SII and all-cause mortality in HF. Subgroup analysis was used to verify the predictive effect of the SII on mortality. Results This study included 9107 patients with a diagnosis of HF from the MIMIC III database. After 30, 60, 180, and 365 days of follow-up, 25.60%, 32.10%, 41.30%, and 47.50% of the patients in group 3 had died. Using the Kaplan-Meier curve, we observed that patients with higher SII values had a shorter survival time (log rank p < 0.001). The Cox proportional hazards regression model adjusted for all possible confounders and indicated that the higher SII group had a higher mortality (30-day: HR = 1.304, 95%CI = 1.161 − 1.465, 60-day: HR = 1.266, 95% CI = 1.120 − 1.418, 180-day: HR = 1.274, 95%CI = 1.163 − 1.395, and 365-day: HR = 1.255, 95%CI = 1.155 − 1.364). Conclusions SII values could be used as a predictor of prognosis in critically ill patients with HF.
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10
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Impact of Palliative Care on Interhospital Transfers to the Intensive Care Unit. J Crit Care Med (Targu Mures) 2022; 8:100-106. [PMID: 35950152 PMCID: PMC9097642 DOI: 10.2478/jccm-2022-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Community hospitals will often transfer their most complex, critically ill patients to intensive care units (ICUs) of tertiary care centers for specialized, comprehensive care. This population of patients has high rates of morbidity and mortality. Palliative care involvement in critically ill patients has been demonstrated to reduce over-utilization of resources and hospital length of stays. We hypothesized that transfers from community hospitals had low rates of palliative care involvement and high utilization of ICU resources. In this single-center retrospective cohort study, 848 patients transferred from local community hospitals to the medical ICU (MICU) and cardiac care unit (CCU) at a tertiary care center between 2016-2018 were analyzed for patient disposition, length of stay, hospitalization cost, and time to palliative care consultation. Of the 848 patients, 484 (57.1%) expired, with 117 (13.8%) having expired within 48 hours of transfer. Palliative care consult was placed for 201 (23.7%) patients. Patients with palliative care consult were statistically more likely to be referred to hospice (p<0.001). Over two-thirds of palliative care consults were placed later than 5 days after transfer. Time to palliative care consult was positively correlated with length of hospitalization among MICU patients (r=0.79) and CCU patients (r=0.90). Time to palliative consult was also positively correlated with hospitalization cost among MICU patients (r=0.75) and CCU patients (r=0.86). These results indicate early palliative care consultation in this population may result in timely goals of care discussions and optimization of resources.
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11
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Singh GK, Ivynian SE, Davidson PM, Ferguson C, Hickman LD. Elements of Integrated Palliative Care in Chronic Heart Failure Across the Care Continuum: A Scoping Review. Heart Lung Circ 2021; 31:32-41. [PMID: 34593316 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2021.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with chronic heart failure experience high symptom burden, reduced quality of life and high health care utilisation. Although there is growing evidence that a palliative approach, provided concurrently with usual treatment improves outcomes, the method of integrating palliative care for individuals living with chronic heart failure across the care continuum remains elusive. AIM To examine the key elements of integrated palliative care recommended for individuals living with chronic heart failure across the care continuum. DESIGN Scoping review. DATA SOURCES Databases searched were CINAHL, Ovid MEDLINE, Scopus and OpenGrey. Studies written in English and containing key strategic elements specific to chronic heart failure were included. Search terms relating to palliative care and chronic heart failure and the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews was used. RESULTS Seventy-nine (79) articles were selected that described key elements to integrate palliative care for individuals with chronic heart failure. This review identifies four levels of key strategic elements: 1) clinical; 2) professional; 3) organisational and 4) system-level integration. Implementing strategies across these elements facilitates integrated palliative care for individuals with chronic heart failure. CONCLUSIONS Inter-sectorial collaborations across systems and the intersection of health and social services are essential to delivering integrated, person-centred palliative care. Further research focussing on patient and family needs at a system-level is needed. Research with strong theoretical underpinnings utilising implementation science methods are required to achieve and sustain complex behaviour change to translate key elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gursharan K Singh
- Centre for Healthcare Transformation, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Qld, Australia; Cancer and Palliative Care Outcomes Centre, School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
| | - Serra E Ivynian
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Patricia M Davidson
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA & Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Caleb Ferguson
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia; Western Sydney Local Health District, Blacktown Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Louise D Hickman
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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12
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Sacco A, Morici N, Villanova L, Viola G, Lissoni B, Forni L, Mazza U, Oliva F. Withdrawal of active treatments in terminally ill heart failure patients. Int J Cardiol 2021; 336:81-83. [PMID: 33964316 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heart failure (HF) constitutes a growing public health problem in aging societies: when pharmacological therapies fail, HF can be sustained intensively if patients are eligible for either orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) or mechanical ventricular assistance, otherwise additional treatments could be inappropriate. In December 2017 Italian Legislator brought in the provisions regarding the end-of-life choices, including indications for withdrawing and withholding life-sustaining therapies. The aim of our study was to provide an overview of the daily practice of our center with regard to terminally ill HF patients. METHODS AND RESULTS In April 2019 the 7 intensivist cardiologists and 21 nurses of a tertiary ICCU were asked in, to complete a questionnaire relating to a hypothetical terminally ill HF patient for whom the decision to withdraw active treatment had been made. To assess current practice, we also identified patients who died in the previous 12 months. Out of 29 deceased patients, 18 were identified as terminally ill HF, with no indications for therapy upgrading. We observed a striking disparity between belief and practice. CONCLUSIONS Our survey showed that the care of terminally ill HF patients in our ICCU was characterized by aggressive use of medical therapy and invasive technology. The wide disparity between belief and practice could be in part a consequence of lack of professional training, with regard to law, ethics and communication techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sacco
- Intensive Cardiac Care Unit and "De Gasperis" Cardio Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.
| | - N Morici
- Intensive Cardiac Care Unit and "De Gasperis" Cardio Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy; Dept. of Clincal Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - L Villanova
- Intensive Cardiac Care Unit and "De Gasperis" Cardio Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - G Viola
- Intensive Cardiac Care Unit and "De Gasperis" Cardio Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - B Lissoni
- Clinical Psicology Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - L Forni
- Comitato per l'Etica di Fine Vita, Italy; Università Milano-Bicocca, School of Law, Milano, Italy
| | - U Mazza
- Clinical Psicology Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - F Oliva
- Intensive Cardiac Care Unit and "De Gasperis" Cardio Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
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13
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Webb EJD, Meads D, Gardiner C. Changing the eligibility criteria for welfare payments at the end of life - a budget impact analysis for England and Wales. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21:421. [PMID: 33947386 PMCID: PMC8094542 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-06390-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Terminal illness can cause a financial burden for many households. In England and Wales, fast-track access to welfare payments is available through special rules for the terminally ill (SRTI). Individuals are eligible for SRTI if they are judged to have 6 months or less to live. This criterion has been criticised as lacking a clinical basis, and being unfair for people with conditions where life-expectancy is difficult to accurately assess. AIM To conduct a budget impact analysis on the possible increase in expenditure of personal independence payments (PIP) following a change in England and Wales to SRTI so that everyone with a terminal illness is eligible. METHODS The fraction of individuals with a given long-term condition was estimated by combining data from the Health Survey for England, the Office for National Statistics (ONS) and the Department for Work and Pensions. Logistic growth modelling and ONS population projections were used to project PIP expenditure from 2020 to 2025. The increased expenditure was calculated for hypothetical scenarios which may occur following an SRTI regime change, specifically an increase of 1, 2 and 3 percentage points in the fraction of individuals claiming PIP under SRTI. Data from the literature on the projected prevalence of mild, moderate and severe dementia was used to calculate the cost if everyone with a given severity of dementia claimed PIP under SRTI. RESULTS Under the current SRTI regime, PIP expenditure under SRTI was projected to increase from £0.231bn in 2020 to £0.260bn in 2025, compared to equivalent figures of £11.1bn and £12.7bn under non-SRTI. Expenditure in 2025 following an increase in the fraction claiming of 1, 2 and 3 percentage points was projected to be £1.1bn, £1.9bn and £2.7bn respectively. In 2025, PIP expenditure was estimated to be £7.4bn if everyone with dementia claimed under SRTI, compared to £6.4bn if only individuals with moderate and severe dementia claimed, and £4.7bn if only individuals with severe dementia claimed. CONCLUSION Changes in SRTI are projected to lead to increases in PIP expenditure. However, the increased cost is small compared to expenditure under non-SRTI, especially as the highest costs were associated with extreme scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J. D. Webb
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9NL UK
| | - David Meads
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9NL UK
| | - Clare Gardiner
- Health Sciences School, The University of Sheffield, Barber House Annexe, 387 Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ UK
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14
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Anzai T, Sato T, Fukumoto Y, Izumi C, Kizawa Y, Koga M, Nishimura K, Ohishi M, Sakashita A, Sakata Y, Shiga T, Takeishi Y, Yasuda S, Yamamoto K, Abe T, Akaho R, Hamatani Y, Hosoda H, Ishimori N, Kato M, Kinugasa Y, Kubozono T, Nagai T, Oishi S, Okada K, Shibata T, Suzuki A, Suzuki T, Takagi M, Takada Y, Tsuruga K, Yoshihisa A, Yumino D, Fukuda K, Kihara Y, Saito Y, Sawa Y, Tsutsui H, Kimura T. JCS/JHFS 2021 Statement on Palliative Care in Cardiovascular Diseases. Circ J 2021; 85:695-757. [PMID: 33775980 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-20-1127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshihisa Anzai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Takuma Sato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yoshihiro Fukumoto
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Chisato Izumi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Yoshiyuki Kizawa
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Masatoshi Koga
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | | | - Mitsuru Ohishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University
| | - Akihiro Sakashita
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yasushi Sakata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tsuyoshi Shiga
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The Jikei University School of Medicine
| | | | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tottori University Hospital
| | - Takahiro Abe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Rie Akaho
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Women's Medical University
| | - Yasuhiro Hamatani
- Department of Cardiology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center
| | - Hayato Hosoda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chikamori Hospital
| | - Naoki Ishimori
- Department of Community Heart Failure Healthcare and Pharmacy, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Mika Kato
- Nursing Department, Hokkaido University Hospital
| | - Yoshiharu Kinugasa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tottori University Hospital
| | - Takuro Kubozono
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University
| | - Toshiyuki Nagai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Shogo Oishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hyogo Brain and Heart Center
| | - Katsuki Okada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tatsuhiro Shibata
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University
| | | | - Masahito Takagi
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Yasuko Takada
- Nursing Department, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | | | - Akiomi Yoshihisa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University
| | | | - Keiichi Fukuda
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine
| | | | - Yoshihiko Saito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University
| | - Yoshiki Sawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hiroyuki Tsutsui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Takeshi Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine
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15
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Prevalence of advanced heart failure and use of palliative care in admitted patients: Findings from the EPICTER study. Int J Cardiol 2020; 327:125-131. [PMID: 33171167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIM Palliative care in patients with advanced heart failure is strongly recommended by Clinical Practice Guidelines. We aimed to calculate the prevalence of advanced heart failure in admitted patients, to describe their management, and to analyse the factors that influence their referral to specialised palliative care. PATIENTS AND METHODS Cross-sectional, multicentre study that consecutively included patients admitted for heart failure in 74 Spanish hospitals. If they met criteria for advanced heart failure, their treatment, complications and procedures were recorded. RESULTS A total of 3153 patients were included. Of them, 739 (23%) met criteria for advanced heart failure. They were more likely to be women, older and to have a history of anaemia, chronic kidney disease and cognitive impairment. For their management, furosemide infusions (30%) and vasodilators (21%) were used. Refractory symptoms were treated with opioids (47%) and benzodiazepines (44%). Palliative care was only provided in the last hours of life in 48% of them. A multidisciplinary approach, involving palliative care specialists was sought in 15% of these patients. Treatment with furosemide infusions, an advanced New York Heart Association functional class, to meet advanced HF criteria and the presence of cancer were associated with the referral to specialised palliative care. CONCLUSIONS Almost one in four patients admitted with HF met criteria of advanced disease. They were older and had more comorbidities. Specialist palliative care services were involved in only a minority of patients, mainly those who were highly symptomatic or had cancer.
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16
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW With an aging population with heart failure, there is a growing need for end-of-life care in this population, including a focus on symptom management and quality-of-life considerations. RECENT FINDINGS Targeted therapies focusing on symptom control and improving quality of life is the cornerstone of providing care in patients with heart failure near the end of life. Such therapies, including the use of inotropes for palliative purposes, have been shown to improve symptoms without an increase in mortality. In addition, recent evidence shows that implementing certain strategies in planning for end of life, including advance care planning and palliative care involvement, can significantly improve symptoms and quality of life, reduce hospitalizations, and ensure care respects patient values and preferences. SUMMARY Shifting focus from prolonging life to enhancing quality of life in heart failure patients approaching the end of life can be achieved by recognizing and managing end-stage heart failure-related symptoms, advanced care planning, and a multidisciplinary care approach.
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17
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Hansen VB, Aagaard S, Hygum A, Johansen JB, Pedersen SS, Nielsen VL, Neergaard MA, Salomonsen GR, Guldin MB, Gustafsson I, Eiskjær H, Gustafsson F, Roikjær SG, Nørager B, Larsen H, Zwisler AD. The First Steps Taken to Implement Palliative Care in Advanced Heart Disease: A Position Statement from Denmark. J Palliat Med 2020; 23:1159-1166. [PMID: 32380928 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2019.0566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, palliative care must be available for everyone with life-threatening diseases. However, in daily practice the primary focus worldwide is on cancer patients. The aim of the article was to generate a national position statement as the first step in implementing palliative care in severe heart disease with focus on advanced heart failure, including tools to identify the need for and timing of palliative care and how palliative care could be organized in Denmark. A task force was formed in the Danish Society of Cardiology Heart Failure Working Group, and the position statement was prepared in collaboration with members from a broad group of specialties, including palliative medicine. Because of major gaps in evidence, the position statement was based on small and low-quality studies and clinical practice statements. This position statement was aligned with the European Society of Cardiology recommendation, focusing on relieving suffering from the early disease stages parallel to standard care and supplementing life-prolonging treatment. The statement delivers practical guidance on clinical aspects and managing symptoms during the three stages of advanced heart disease. Furthermore, the statement describes the importance of communication and topics to be broached, including deactivating implantable cardioverter defibrillators. The statement recommends a targeted effort on organizational strategies using high-quality assessment tools and emphasizes multidisciplinary and intersectoral collaboration. Danish cardiologists supported by allied professionals acknowledge the importance of palliative care in advanced heart disease. This national position statement intended to inform and influence policy and practice and can hopefully inspire other countries to take action toward implementing palliative care in advanced heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibeke Brogaard Hansen
- Heart Failure, Department of Cardiology, Lillebaelt Hospital Vejle, Vejle, Denmark.,Danish Society of Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Aagaard
- Danish Society of Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Heart Failure, Department of Heart Disease, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anette Hygum
- Palliative Care Team, Department of Oncology, Lillebaelt Hospital Vejle, Vejle, Denmark.,Danish Society of Palliative Medicine, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Brock Johansen
- Danish Society of Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Arrhythmias, Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Susanne S Pedersen
- Danish Society of Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Palliative Care Team, Department of Oncology, Lillebaelt Hospital Vejle, Vejle, Denmark.,Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Vivi Lindeborg Nielsen
- Danish Society of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Nursing, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Heart Failure, Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mette Asbjørn Neergaard
- Danish Society of Palliative Medicine, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Palliative Care Team, Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gitte Ryom Salomonsen
- Heart Failure, Department of Heart Disease, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Danish Society of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Nursing, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mai-Britt Guldin
- Institute of Public Health-Research Unit for General Practice, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ida Gustafsson
- Danish Society of Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Eiskjær
- Danish Society of Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Heart Failure, Department of Heart Disease, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Finn Gustafsson
- Danish Society of Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Heart Failure, Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine Gundtoft Roikjær
- Danish Society of Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Knowledge Centre for Rehabilitation and Palliative Care (REHPA), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Nyborg, Denmark
| | - Betina Nørager
- Danish Society of Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Congenital Heart Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Herlev & Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Henrik Larsen
- Danish Society of Palliative Medicine, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Palliative Care Team, Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Multidisciplinary Group for Cancer and Palliative Care, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ann-Dorthe Zwisler
- Danish Society of Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Knowledge Centre for Rehabilitation and Palliative Care (REHPA), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Nyborg, Denmark.,Rehabilitation, Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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18
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Symptom-Related Distress among Indigenous Australians in Specialist End-of-Life Care: Findings from the Multi-Jurisdictional Palliative Care Outcomes Collaboration Data. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17093131. [PMID: 32365883 PMCID: PMC7246427 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Symptom relief is fundamental to palliative care. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Indigenous) Australians are known to experience inequities in health care delivery and outcomes, but large-scale studies of end-of-life symptoms in this population are lacking. We compared symptom-related distress among Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australian patients in specialist palliative care using the multi-jurisdictional Palliative Care Outcomes Collaboration dataset. Based on patient-reported rating scale responses, adjusted relative risks (aRRs) stratified by care setting were calculated for occurrence of (i) symptom-related moderate-to-severe distress and worsening distress during a first episode of care and (ii) symptom-related moderate-to-severe distress at the final pre-death assessment. The p-value significance threshold was corrected for multiple comparisons. First-episode frequencies of symptom-related distress were similar among Indigenous (n = 1180) and non-Indigenous (n = 107,952) patients in both inpatient and community settings. In final pre-death assessments (681 Indigenous and 67,339 non-Indigenous patients), both groups had similar occurrence of moderate-to-severe distress when care was provided in hospital. In community settings, Indigenous compared with non-Indigenous patients had lower pre-death risks of moderate-to-severe distress from overall symptom occurrence (aRR 0.78; p = 0.001; confidence interval [CI] 0.67-0.91). These findings provide reassurance of reasonable equivalence of end-of-life outcomes for Indigenous patients who have been accepted for specialist palliative care.
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19
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Chuzi S, Molsberry R, Ogunseitan A, Warraich HJ, Wilcox JE, Grady KL, Yancy CW, Khan SS. Trends in Place of Death for Cardiovascular Mortality Related to Heart Failure in the United States From 2003 to 2017. Circ Heart Fail 2020; 13:e006587. [PMID: 32059627 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.119.006587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The location of death is an important component of end-of-life care. However, contemporary trends in the location of death for cardiovascular deaths related to heart failure (CV-HF) and comparison to cancer deaths have not been fully examined. METHODS We analyzed data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Control Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database between 2003 and 2017 to identify location of death for CV-HF and cancer deaths. The proportions of deaths that occurred in a hospice facility, home, and medical facility were tested for trends using linear regression. Odds ratios were calculated to determine the odds of death occurring in a hospice facility or home (versus a medical facility) stratified by sex and race. RESULTS We identified 2 940 920 CV-HF and 8 852 066 cancer deaths. Increases were noted in the proportion of CV-HF deaths in hospice facilities (0.2% to 8.2%; Ptrend<0.001) and at home (20.6% to 30.7%; Ptrend<0.001), whereas decreases were noted in the proportion of deaths in medical facilities (44.5% to 31.0%; Ptrend<0.001) and nursing homes (30.8% to 25.7%; Ptrend<0.001). The odds of dying in a hospice facility (odds ratio, 1.79 [1.75-1.82]) or at home (odds ratio, 1.55 [1.53-1.56]) versus a medical facility was higher for whites versus blacks. The rate of increase in proportion of deaths in hospice facilities was higher for cancer deaths (β=1.05 [95% CI, 0.97-1.12]) than for CV-HF deaths (β=0.61 [95% CI, 0.58-0.64]). CONCLUSIONS The proportion of CV-HF deaths occurring in hospice facilities is increasing but remains low. Disparities are noted whereby whites are more likely to die in hospice facilities or at home versus medical facilities compared with blacks. More research is needed to determine end-of-life preferences for patients with HF and identify the basis for these differences in location of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Chuzi
- Division of Cardiology (S.C., J.E.W., K.L.G., C.W.Y., S.S.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Rebecca Molsberry
- Department of Preventive Medicine (R.M., S.S.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Adeboye Ogunseitan
- Division of Hospital Medicine (A.O.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Haider J Warraich
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (H.J.W.).,Cardiology Section, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System (H.J.W.)
| | - Jane E Wilcox
- Division of Cardiology (S.C., J.E.W., K.L.G., C.W.Y., S.S.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Kathleen L Grady
- Division of Cardiology (S.C., J.E.W., K.L.G., C.W.Y., S.S.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine.,Division of Cardiac Surgery (K.L.G.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Clyde W Yancy
- Division of Cardiology (S.C., J.E.W., K.L.G., C.W.Y., S.S.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Sadiya S Khan
- Division of Cardiology (S.C., J.E.W., K.L.G., C.W.Y., S.S.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine.,Department of Preventive Medicine (R.M., S.S.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
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20
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Abstract
The heart failure (HF) guidelines recommend palliative care; however, it can often be difficult to determine the timing of palliative care referral. Because HF with fluid retention and low-cardiac output may trigger several unpleasant symptoms, continuous HF treatment is required to alleviate these symptoms in advanced HF. The patients with HF often suffer from total pain; therefore, the support from a multidisciplinary team plays a crucial role to improve quality of life of the patients and their families not only in the terminal phase but also from the early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Kida
- Department of Pharmacology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao Miyamae, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan.
| | - Shunichi Doi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao Miyamae, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Norio Suzuki
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine Yokohama City Seibu Hospital, 1197-1 Yasachi-chou, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 241-0811, Japan
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21
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Barriers to Early Utilization of Palliative Care in Heart Failure: A Narrative Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2020; 8:healthcare8010036. [PMID: 32046146 PMCID: PMC7151150 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Palliative care is indicated in patients with heart failure since the early phases of the disease, as suggested by international guidelines. However, patients are referred to palliative care very late. Many barriers could explain the gap between the guidelines’ indications and clinical practice. The term palliative is perceived as a stigma by doctors, patients, and family members because it is charged with negative meanings, a poor prognosis, and no hope for improvement. Many authors prefer the term supportive care, which could facilitate a discussion between doctors, patients, and caregivers. There is substantial variation and overlap in the meanings assigned to these two terms in the literature. Prognosis, as the main indication to palliative care, delays its implementation. It is necessary to modify this paradigm, moving from prognosis to patients’ needs. The lack of access to palliative care programs is often due to a lack of palliative care specialists and this shortage will be greater in the near future. In this study, a new model is proposed to integrate early over the course of the disease the palliative care (PC) specialist in the heart failure team, allowing to overcome the barriers and to achieve truly simultaneous care in the treatment of heart failure (HF) patients.
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22
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Huitema AA, Harkness K, Malik S, Suskin N, McKelvie RS. Therapies for Advanced Heart Failure Patients Ineligible for Heart Transplantation: Beyond Pharmacotherapy. Can J Cardiol 2020; 36:234-243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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23
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Bergman TD, Pasman HRW, Onwuteaka-Philipsen BD. Complexities in consultations in case of euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide: a survey among SCEN physicians. BMC FAMILY PRACTICE 2020; 21:6. [PMID: 31918673 PMCID: PMC6953152 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-019-1063-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the Netherlands, euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide (EAS) is allowed if due care criteria are met. One criterion is consultation of a second independent physician, often SCEN physicians. The public debate about EAS focuses on patients with psychiatric disorders, dementia, and tired of living, as complex cases. What complexities SCEN physicians perceive during consultation is unknown. This study aims to assess the frequency of EAS consultations that are perceived difficult by SCEN physicians, to explore what complexities are perceived by SCEN physicians during consultation, and to assess what characteristics are associated with difficult consultations. METHODS Data from 2015 to 2017 from an annual cross-sectional survey among SCEN physicians was used. In 2015, the survey focused on the most difficult consultation that year and in 2016/2017 on the most recent consultation. Frequencies of coded answers to an open-ended question were done to explore what complexities SCEN physicians perceived during their most difficult consultation. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to assess what characteristics were associated with difficult consultations. RESULTS 21.6% of cases consulted by SCEN physicians is perceived difficult. Complexities that SCEN physicians perceive were mainly in contact with patients (79.7%) and in the assessment of due care criteria (41.0%). Characteristics that were associated with a higher likelihood of a consultation being difficult are the attending physician being less certain to perform the EAS, patients staying in the hospital, main diagnosis heart failure/CVA, and accumulation of age-related health problems/psychiatry/dementia, and the presence of a psychiatric disorder, or psychosocial or existential problems besides the main diagnosis. Characteristics that were associated with a lower likelihood of a consultation being difficult are high patient's age and physical suffering as reason to request EAS. CONCLUSION Complexities perceived by SCEN physicians in EAS consultations are not limited to the 'complex' cases present in the current public debate about EAS, e.g. patients with psychiatric disorders, dementia, and tired of living. Attention for these complexities in intervision could indicate if there is a need among SCEN physicians to enhance knowledge and skills in training and to receive specific support in intervision on these complexities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa D Bergman
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, P.O. Box 7057, 1007, MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - H Roeline W Pasman
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, P.O. Box 7057, 1007, MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bregje D Onwuteaka-Philipsen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, P.O. Box 7057, 1007, MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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García Pinilla JM, Díez-Villanueva P, Bover Freire R, Formiga F, Cobo Marcos M, Bonanad C, Crespo Leiro MG, Ruiz García J, Díaz Molina B, Enjuanes Grau C, García L, Rexach L, Esteban A, Martínez-Sellés M. Documento de consenso y recomendaciones sobre cuidados paliativos en insuficiencia cardiaca de las Secciones de Insuficiencia Cardiaca y Cardiología Geriátrica de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología. Rev Esp Cardiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2019.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Chuzi S, Pak ES, Desai AS, Schaefer KG, Warraich HJ. Role of Palliative Care in the Outpatient Management of the Chronic Heart Failure Patient. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2019; 16:220-228. [DOI: 10.1007/s11897-019-00440-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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26
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Wammes JJG, Auener S, van der Wees PJ, Tanke MAC, Bellersen L, Westert GP, Atsma F, Jeurissen PPT. Characteristics and health care utilization among patients with chronic heart failure: a longitudinal claim database analysis. ESC Heart Fail 2019; 6:1243-1251. [PMID: 31556246 PMCID: PMC6989283 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to determine the characteristics of patients with heart failure and high costs (top 1% and top 2-5% highest costs in perspective of the general population) and to explore the longitudinal health care utilization and persistency of high costs. METHODS AND RESULTS Longitudinal observational study using claims data from 2006 to 2014 in the Netherlands. We identified all patients that received a hospital treatment for chronic heart failure between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2010. Of each selected patient, all claims from the Dutch curative health system and with a starting date between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2014 were extracted. Pharmaceutical and hospital claims were used to establish characteristics and indicators for health care utilization. Descriptive analyses and generalized estimating equation models were used to analyse characteristics, longitudinal health care utilization and to identify factors associated with high costs. Our findings revealed that the difference in costs between top 1%, top 2-5%, and bottom 95% patients with heart failure was mainly driven by hospital costs; and the top 1% group experienced a remarkable increase of mental health costs. Top 1% and top 2-5% patients with heart failure differed from lower cost patients in their higher rate of chronic conditions, excessive polypharmacy, hospital admissions, and heart-related surgeries. Heart-related surgeries contributed to the incidental high costs in 54% of top 1% patients, and the costs of the remaining top 1% patients were driven by mental health and pharmaceuticals use and rates of chronic conditions and multimorbidity. Top 1% patients were relatively young. Anaemia, dementia, diseases of arteries, veins and lymphatic vessels, influenza, and kidney failure were significantly associated with high costs. The end-of-life period was predictive of top 1% and top 5% costs. More than 90% of the population incurred at least one top 5% year during follow-up, and 31.8% incurred at least one top 1% year. Fifty-seven per cent incurred multiple top 5% years whereas only 8.6% incurred multiple top 1% years. Top 5% years were more frequently consecutive than top 1% years. CONCLUSIONS Top 1% utilization occurs predominantly incidentally and among less than a third of patients with heart failure, whereas almost all patients with heart failure experience at least one top 5% year, and more than half experience two or more top 5% years. Both medical and psychiatric/psychosocial needs contribute to high costs in heart failure patients. Comprehensive and integrated efforts are needed to further improve quality of care and reduce unnecessary costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost Johan Godert Wammes
- Scientific Center for Quality of Healthcare, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500, HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Auener
- Scientific Center for Quality of Healthcare, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500, HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Philip J van der Wees
- Scientific Center for Quality of Healthcare, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500, HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marit A C Tanke
- Scientific Center for Quality of Healthcare, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500, HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Louise Bellersen
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gert P Westert
- Scientific Center for Quality of Healthcare, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500, HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Femke Atsma
- Scientific Center for Quality of Healthcare, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500, HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick P T Jeurissen
- Scientific Center for Quality of Healthcare, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500, HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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García Pinilla JM, Díez-Villanueva P, Bover Freire R, Formiga F, Cobo Marcos M, Bonanad C, Crespo Leiro MG, Ruiz García J, Díaz Molina B, Enjuanes Grau C, García L, Rexach L, Esteban A, Martínez-Sellés M. Consensus document and recommendations on palliative care in heart failure of the Heart Failure and Geriatric Cardiology Working Groups of the Spanish Society of Cardiology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 73:69-77. [PMID: 31761573 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2019.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure is a complex entity, with high morbidity and mortality. The clinical course and outcome are uncertain and difficult to predict. This document, instigated by the Heart Failure and Geriatric Cardiology Working Groups of the Spanish Society of Cardiology, addresses various aspects related to palliative care, where most cardiovascular disease will eventually converge. The document also establishes a consensus and a series of recommendations with the aim of recognizing and understanding the need to implement and progressively apply palliative care throughout the course of the disease, not only in the advanced stages, thus improving the care provided and quality of life. The purpose is to improve and adapt treatment to the needs and wishes of each patient, who must have adequate information and participate in decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel García Pinilla
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ramón Bover Freire
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Formiga
- Programa de Geriatría, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Cobo Marcos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Bonanad
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - María G Crespo Leiro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Cardiología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Juan Ruiz García
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de Torrejón, Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Díaz Molina
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Cristina Enjuanes Grau
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluisa García
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | - Lourdes Rexach
- Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Esteban
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Martínez-Sellés
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
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28
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Tsutsui H, Isobe M, Ito H, Ito H, Okumura K, Ono M, Kitakaze M, Kinugawa K, Kihara Y, Goto Y, Komuro I, Saiki Y, Saito Y, Sakata Y, Sato N, Sawa Y, Shiose A, Shimizu W, Shimokawa H, Seino Y, Node K, Higo T, Hirayama A, Makaya M, Masuyama T, Murohara T, Momomura SI, Yano M, Yamazaki K, Yamamoto K, Yoshikawa T, Yoshimura M, Akiyama M, Anzai T, Ishihara S, Inomata T, Imamura T, Iwasaki YK, Ohtani T, Onishi K, Kasai T, Kato M, Kawai M, Kinugasa Y, Kinugawa S, Kuratani T, Kobayashi S, Sakata Y, Tanaka A, Toda K, Noda T, Nochioka K, Hatano M, Hidaka T, Fujino T, Makita S, Yamaguchi O, Ikeda U, Kimura T, Kohsaka S, Kosuge M, Yamagishi M, Yamashina A. JCS 2017/JHFS 2017 Guideline on Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure - Digest Version. Circ J 2019; 83:2084-2184. [PMID: 31511439 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-19-0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 411] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tsutsui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | | | - Hiroshi Ito
- Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Division of Biophysiological Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Ken Okumura
- Division of Cardiology, Saiseikai Kumamoto Hospital Cardiovascular Center
| | - Minoru Ono
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Masafumi Kitakaze
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Development, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | | | - Yasuki Kihara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | | | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Yoshikatsu Saiki
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yoshihiko Saito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University
| | - Yasushi Sakata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Naoki Sato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kawaguchi Cardiovascular and Respiratory Hospital
| | - Yoshiki Sawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Akira Shiose
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Wataru Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Hiroaki Shimokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Koichi Node
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University
| | - Taiki Higo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Atsushi Hirayama
- The Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Tohru Masuyama
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Masafumi Yano
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kenji Yamazaki
- Department of Cardiology Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University
| | - Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University
| | | | - Michihiro Yoshimura
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine
| | - Masatoshi Akiyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Toshihisa Anzai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Shiro Ishihara
- Department of Cardiology, Nippon Medical School Musashi-Kosugi Hospital
| | - Takayuki Inomata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital
| | | | - Yu-Ki Iwasaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Tomohito Ohtani
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Takatoshi Kasai
- Cardiovascular Respiratory Sleep Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Mahoto Kato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nihon University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Makoto Kawai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine
| | | | - Shintaro Kinugawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Toru Kuratani
- Department of Minimally Invasive Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Shigeki Kobayashi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yasuhiko Sakata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Koichi Toda
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Takashi Noda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Kotaro Nochioka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Masaru Hatano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital
| | | | - Takeo Fujino
- Department of Advanced Cardiopulmonary Failure, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Shigeru Makita
- Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center
| | - Osamu Yamaguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Takeshi Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University
| | - Shun Kohsaka
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Masami Kosuge
- Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center
| | - Masakazu Yamagishi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Akira Yamashina
- Medical Education Promotion Center, Tokyo Medical University
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29
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Enguidanos S, Rahman A, Fields T, Mack W, Brumley R, Rabow M, Mert M. Expanding Access to Home-Based Palliative Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol. J Palliat Med 2019; 22:58-65. [DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2019.0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Enguidanos
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anna Rahman
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Torrie Fields
- Blue Shield of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Wendy Mack
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Richard Brumley
- Reliance Hospital and Palliative Care, Costa Mesa, California
| | | | - Melissa Mert
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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30
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Sobanski PZ, Alt-Epping B, Currow DC, Goodlin SJ, Grodzicki T, Hogg K, Janssen DJA, Johnson MJ, Krajnik M, Leget C, Martínez-Sellés M, Moroni M, Mueller PS, Ryder M, Simon ST, Stowe E, Larkin PJ. Palliative care for people living with heart failure: European Association for Palliative Care Task Force expert position statement. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 116:12-27. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Contrary to common perception, modern palliative care (PC) is applicable to all people with an incurable disease, not only cancer. PC is appropriate at every stage of disease progression, when PC needs emerge. These needs can be of physical, emotional, social, or spiritual nature. This document encourages the use of validated assessment tools to recognize such needs and ascertain efficacy of management. PC interventions should be provided alongside cardiologic management. Treating breathlessness is more effective, when cardiologic management is supported by PC interventions. Treating other symptoms like pain or depression requires predominantly PC interventions. Advance Care Planning aims to ensure that the future treatment and care the person receives is concordant with their personal values and goals, even after losing decision-making capacity. It should include also disease specific aspects, such as modification of implantable device activity at the end of life. The Whole Person Care concept describes the inseparability of the physical, emotional, and spiritual dimensions of the human being. Addressing psychological and spiritual needs, together with medical treatment, maintains personal integrity and promotes emotional healing. Most PC concerns can be addressed by the usual care team, supported by a PC specialist if needed. During dying, the persons’ needs may change dynamically and intensive PC is often required. Following the death of a person, bereavement services benefit loved ones. The authors conclude that the inclusion of PC within the regular clinical framework for people with heart failure results in a substantial improvement in quality of life as well as comfort and dignity whilst dying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Z Sobanski
- Palliative Care Unit and Competence Centre, Department of Internal Medicine, Spital Schwyz, Waldeggstrasse 10, 6430 Schwyz, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Alt-Epping
- Department of Palliative Medicine, University Medical Center Göttingen Georg August University, Robertkochstrasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - David C Currow
- University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, Ultimo, Sydney, 2007 New South Wales, Australia
- Improving Palliative, Aged and Chronic Care through Clinical Research and Translation (IMPACCT), Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sarah J Goodlin
- Department of Medicine-Geriatrics, Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Patient-cantered Education and Research, 3710 SW US Veterans Rd, Portland, 97239 OR, USA
| | - Tomasz Grodzicki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Kraków, Śniadeckich 10, Poland
| | | | - Daisy J A Janssen
- Department of Research and Education, CIRO, Hornerheide 1, 6085 NM Horn, The Netherlands
- Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Duboisdomein 30, 6229 GT, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Miriam J Johnson
- Wolfson Palliative Care Research Centre, Allam Medical Building University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Małgorzata Krajnik
- Department of Palliative Care, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Skłodowskiej-Curie 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Carlo Leget
- University of Humanistic Studies, Chair Care Ethics, Kromme Nieuwegracht 29, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Manuel Martínez-Sellés
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, CIBERCV, Universidad Europea, Universidad Complutense, C/ Dr. Esquerdo, 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Matteo Moroni
- S.S.D. Cure Palliative, sede di Ravenna, AUSL Romagna, Via De Gasperi 8, 48121 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Paul S Mueller
- Mayo Clinic Health System, Mayo Clinic Collage of Medicine and Science, 700 West Avennue South, La Crosse, 54601 Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mary Ryder
- School of Nursing, Midwifery & Health Systems, University College Dublin, Ireland St. Vincent’s University Hospital Dublin,Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Steffen T Simon
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Medical Faculty of the Universityof Cologne, Köln, Germany
- Centre for Integrated Oncology Cologne/Bonn (CIO), Medical Faculty ofthe University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924 Köln, Germany
| | | | - Philip J Larkin
- Service des soins palliatifs Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Centre hospitalier univeritaire vaudois, Lausanne Switzerland
- Institut universitaire de formation et de recherche en soins – IUFRS, Faculté de viologie et de medicine – FBM, Lausanne, Switzerland
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31
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Currow DC, Burns CM, Abernethy AP. Place of Death for People with Noncancer and Cancer Illness in South Australia: A Population-Based Survey. J Palliat Care 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/082585970802400303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A large representative population survey of 9,500 households reports the association between place of death, diagnosis (cancer vs. noncancer), and use of palliative care services of terminally ill South Australians. Thirty-one percent (1,920) indicated that someone close to them had died of a terminal illness in the preceding five years; 18% had died of noncancer illness and 82% of cancer. Sixty-two percent of deceased individuals accessed palliative care services. More patients with cancer than noncancer had had palliative care (65% vs. 48%; p<0.0001). Compared with cancer patients, those with noncancer illness had died in hospices less frequently (9% vs. 15%; p=0.0015) and in nursing homes more frequently (15% vs. 5%; p<0.0001). Similar proportions had died in hospital (60%) and at home (16%–20%). Palliative care service involvement did not reduce institutional deaths, but shifted them from hospital to hospice.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Currow
- Department of Palliative and Supportive Services, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia
| | - Catherine M. Burns
- Department of Palliative and Supportive Services, and Australian Centre for Community Services Research, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia
| | - Amy P. Abernethy
- Department of Palliative and Supportive Services, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia, and Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Centre, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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32
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Curtis JR, Engelberg RA, Wenrich MD, Au DH. Communication about Palliative Care for Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. J Palliat Care 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/082585970502100308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of mortality and disability Worldwide. For many patients, maximal therapy for COPD produces only modest relief of disabling symptoms and these symptoms result in a significantly reduced quality of life. Despite the high morbidity and mortality, patients with COPD do not receive adequate palliative care. One reason these patients may receive poor quality palliative care is that patient-physician communication about palliative and EOL care is unlikely to occur. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent research regarding patient-physician communication about palliative care for patients with COPD. Understanding the barriers to this communication may be an important step to improving communication about EOL care and improving patient-centred outcomes. Two areas that may influence the quality of care received by patients with COPD are also highlighted: 1) the role of depression, a common problem in patients with COPD, in physician-patient communication; and 2) the role of advance care planning in this communication. Further research is needed to develop and test interventions that can enhance patient-physician communication about palliative and EOL care for patients with COPD, and we describe our perspective on a research agenda in each area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David H. Au
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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33
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The Role of Palliative Care in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit. Healthcare (Basel) 2019; 7:healthcare7010030. [PMID: 30791385 PMCID: PMC6473424 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare7010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, important changes have occurred in the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients that were admitted to cardiac intensive care units (CICU). Care has shifted from acute coronary syndrome patients towards elderly patients, with a high prevalence of non-ischemic cardiovascular diseases and a high burden of non-cardiovascular comorbid conditions: both increase the susceptibility of patients to developing life-threatening critical conditions. These conditions are associated with a significant symptom burden and mortality rate and an increased length of stay. In this context, palliative care programs, including withholding/withdrawing life support treatments or the deactivation of implanted cardiac devices, are frequently needed, according to the specific guidelines of scientific societies. However, the implementation of these recommendations in clinical practice is still inconsistent. In this review, we analyze the reasons for this gap and the main cultural changes that are required to improve the care of patients with advanced illness.
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34
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Lunney JR, Albert SM, Boudreau R, Ives D, Newman AB, Harris T. Fluctuating Physical Function and Health: Their Role at the End of Life. J Palliat Med 2018; 22:424-426. [PMID: 30570377 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2018.0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our recent research suggests that a fluctuating trajectory, previously thought to be the experience of those dying with heart failure or chronic lung disease, may not accurately characterize the end of life for these patients. OBJECTIVE We sought to further examine health and function to investigate whether other measures or a different time frame captures the purported exacerbation/recovery trajectory associated with these diseases. DESIGN Function and health data were collected prospectively at six-month intervals for 17 years during the Heath, Aging and Body Composition Study. SUBJECTS AND MEASURES We analyzed self-reported mobility, health status, and health care utilization for 1410 decedents, defining high fluctuations as transitions in two or more adjacent assessment pairs during the last three years of life. RESULTS Among decedents, only 207 (14.7%) reported two or more changes in mobility during the last three years of life; and 586 (41.6%) reported more than two transitions in self-reported health during the period. This fluctuation was not associated with any clinical condition in the three years before death, but decedents with chronic heart failure or chronic lung disease reported significantly more changes in mobility (odds ratio = 1.15, p = 0.025) for a longer follow-up period. Decedents with heart failure were also more likely to report hospital stays in the last three years of life. CONCLUSIONS Fluctuations in mobility and self-reported health do not differ by clinical condition in the three years before death, but people dying with chronic heart failure or chronic lung disease are more frequently hospitalized during this period and experience more unstable mobility for a longer period of observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- June R Lunney
- 1 Hospice and Palliative Nurses Association , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven M Albert
- 2 Interdisciplinary Studies of Aging Section, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert Boudreau
- 3 Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Diane Ives
- 3 Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Anne B Newman
- 3 Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Tamara Harris
- 4 Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences , NIA, Bethesda, Maryland
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The use of hospital-based services by heart failure patients in the last year of life: a discussion paper. Heart Fail Rev 2018; 24:199-207. [DOI: 10.1007/s10741-018-9751-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Okumura T, Sawamura A, Murohara T. Palliative and end-of-life care for heart failure patients in an aging society. Korean J Intern Med 2018; 33:1039-1049. [PMID: 29779361 PMCID: PMC6234394 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2018.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The populations of Asian countries are expected to age rapidly in the near future, with a dramatic increase in the number of heart failure (HF) patients also anticipated. The need for palliative and end-of-life care for elderly patients with advanced HF is currently recognized in aging societies. However, palliative care and active treatment for HF are not mutually exclusive, and palliative care should be provided to reduce suffering occurring at any stage of symptomatic HF after the point of diagnosis. HF patients are at high risk of sudden cardiac death from the early stages of the disease onwards. The decision of whether to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the event of an emergency is challenging, especially in elderly HF patients, because of the difficulty in accurately predicting the prognosis of the condition. Furthermore, advanced HF patients are often fitted with a device, and device deactivation at the end of life is a complicated process. Treatment strategies should thus be discussed by multi-disciplinary teams, including palliative experts, and should consider patient directives to address the problems discussed above. Open communication with the HF patient regarding the expected prognosis, course, and treatment options will serve to support the patient and aid in future planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Okumura
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akinori Sawamura
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Malhotra C, Foo R, Singh R, Ozdemir S, Teo I, Sim D, Jaufeerally F, Aung T, Keong YK, Nadkarni N, Finkelstein EA. Study protocol for a cohort study of patients with advanced heart failure in Singapore. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e022248. [PMID: 30224389 PMCID: PMC6144387 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTIO Understanding the symptom and health expenditure burden among patients with advanced congestive heart failure (CHF) and their family caregivers is essential to reform policy and practice needed to provide quality care to these patients at affordable prices. The proposed cohort study titled Singapore Cohort of Patients with Advanced Heart Failure aims to describe trajectories of quality of life among patients and their primary informal caregivers, quantify healthcare utilisation and expenditures, assess changes in patient and caregiver awareness of and preferences for knowing diagnostic and prognostic information, awareness and utilisation of palliative care services, preferences for treatments and decision making, perceived quality of care, self-care, caregiver psychological distress and caregiver burden. METHODS This cohort study will recruit 250 patients with New York Heart Association Classification class III and IV CHF from inpatient wards at two public tertiary healthcare institutions in Singapore. Patients and their primary informal caregiver are being surveyed every 4 months until patients' death; caregivers are followed until 8 weeks postpatient death. Medical and billing records of patients are obtained and merged with patients' survey data. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has been approved by an ethics board. Results from the study will be disseminated through publications and presentations targeting researchers, policy makers and clinicians interested in understanding and improving care for patients with advanced CHF. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03089034.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetna Malhotra
- Lien Centre for Palliative Care, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Program in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Renette Foo
- Lien Centre for Palliative Care, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Ratna Singh
- Lien Centre for Palliative Care, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Semra Ozdemir
- Lien Centre for Palliative Care, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Program in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Irene Teo
- Lien Centre for Palliative Care, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Sim
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fazlur Jaufeerally
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Than Aung
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Nivedita Nadkarni
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Eric Andrew Finkelstein
- Lien Centre for Palliative Care, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Program in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
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38
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Effect of subcutaneous oxycodone for end-stage heart failure due to severe aortic stenosis — A case report. J Cardiol Cases 2018; 17:187-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jccase.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Dunbar SB, Khavjou OA, Bakas T, Hunt G, Kirch RA, Leib AR, Morrison RS, Poehler DC, Roger VL, Whitsel LP. Projected Costs of Informal Caregiving for Cardiovascular Disease: 2015 to 2035: A Policy Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2018; 137:e558-e577. [DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Introduction:
In a recent report, the American Heart Association estimated that medical costs and productivity losses of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are expected to grow from $555 billion in 2015 to $1.1 trillion in 2035. Although the burden is significant, the estimate does not include the costs of family, informal, or unpaid caregiving provided to patients with CVD. In this analysis, we estimated projections of costs of informal caregiving attributable to CVD for 2015 to 2035.
Methods:
We used data from the 2014 Health and Retirement Survey to estimate hours of informal caregiving for individuals with CVD by age/sex/race using a zero-inflated binomial model and controlling for sociodemographic factors and health conditions. Costs of informal caregiving were estimated separately for hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart failure, stroke, and other heart disease. We analyzed data from a nationally representative sample of 16 731 noninstitutionalized adults ≥54 years of age. The value of caregiving hours was monetized by the use of home health aide workers’ wages. The per-person costs were multiplied by census population counts to estimate nation-level costs and to be consistent with other American Heart Association analyses of burden of CVD, and the costs were projected from 2015 through 2035, assuming that within each age/sex/racial group, CVD prevalence and caregiving hours remain constant.
Results:
The costs of informal caregiving for patients with CVD were estimated to be $61 billion in 2015 and are projected to increase to $128 billion in 2035. Costs of informal caregiving of patients with stroke constitute more than half of the total costs of CVD informal caregiving ($31 billion in 2015 and $66 billion in 2035). By age, costs are the highest among those 65 to 79 years of age in 2015 but are expected to be surpassed by costs among those ≥80 years of age by 2035. Costs of informal caregiving for patients with CVD represent an additional 11% of medical and productivity costs attributable to CVD.
Conclusions:
The burden of informal caregiving for patients with CVD is significant; accounting for these costs increases total CVD costs to $616 billion in 2015 and $1.2 trillion in 2035. These estimates have important research and policy implications, and they may be used to guide policy development to reduce the burden of CVD on patients and their caregivers.
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Nimmon L, Bates J, Kimel G, Lingard L. Patients with heart failure and their partners with chronic illness: interdependence in multiple dimensions of time. J Multidiscip Healthc 2018; 11:175-186. [PMID: 29588596 PMCID: PMC5858542 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s146938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Informal caregivers play a vital role in supporting patients with heart failure (HF). However, when both the HF patient and their long-term partner suffer from chronic illness, they may equally suffer from diminished quality of life and poor health outcomes. With the focus on this specific couple group as a dimension of the HF health care team, we explored this neglected component of supportive care. Materials and methods From a large-scale Canadian multisite study, we analyzed the interview data of 13 HF patient-partner couples (26 participants). The sample consisted of patients with advanced HF and their long-term, live-in partners who also suffer from chronic illness. Results The analysis highlighted the profound enmeshment of the couples. The couples' interdependence was exemplified in the ways they synchronized their experience in shared dimensions of time and adapted their day-to-day routines to accommodate each other's changing health status. Particularly significant was when both individuals were too ill to perform caregiving tasks, which resulted in the couples being in a highly fragile state. Conclusion We conclude that the salience of this couple group's oscillating health needs and their severe vulnerabilities need to be appreciated when designing and delivering HF team-based care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Nimmon
- Centre for Health Education Scholarship.,Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy
| | - Joanna Bates
- Centre for Health Education Scholarship.,Department of Family Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia
| | - Gil Kimel
- Palliative Care Program, St Paul's Hospital.,Department of Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - Lorelei Lingard
- Centre for Education Research and Innovation, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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"All of a sudden, a lot less still makes it worthwhile to be alive:" Palliative care patients' views on life. Palliat Support Care 2018. [PMID: 29514725 DOI: 10.1017/s1478951518000081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to elucidate the views on life as narrated by patients in palliative care (PC) to find out what patients deem to be essential in their life, whether something has changed concerning their view of life in light of the disease, and whether interviewees would like to give others something to take with them. METHOD Data were collected from narrative audio and video interviews with 18 inpatients in a specialized PC unit. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim and analyzed using qualitative content analysis applying MAXQDA software. CDs and DVDs with recorded interviews were provided to patients. RESULT Eighteen interviews were analyzed: 11 audio and 7 video recordings. The age range was 41-80 years. Patients reported on changes in their views on life. Despite it being a complex and painful process, patients still gave examples of benefits experienced during their illness trajectory. Patients identified resources and coping strategies such as meaningful contacts with close others and mindfulness. Shifts have occurred in terms of taking more time for themselves, enjoying the moment, being more calm, and spending more time with family and friends. What patients wanted to pass on to others was to pay attention to the needs of both the self and the others, shape your life individually, confront yourself early with issues of death and dying, and care for your fellow human beings. Patients and relatives valued the opportunity to keep their interview as a CD/DVD. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS Results support the idea that many people facing terminal illness continue to focus on living and remain within their biographies and the contexts of their lives, even if their functional status declines. Patients and relatives appreciated that interviews were provided as kind of a legacy. Yet, more robust research is needed to decide whether such interviews yield any therapeutic effect.
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Alpert CM, Smith MA, Hummel SL, Hummel EK. Symptom burden in heart failure: assessment, impact on outcomes, and management. Heart Fail Rev 2018; 22:25-39. [PMID: 27592330 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-016-9581-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Evidence-based management has improved long-term survival in patients with heart failure (HF). However, an unintended consequence of increased longevity is that patients with HF are exposed to a greater symptom burden over time. In addition to classic symptoms such as dyspnea and edema, patients with HF frequently suffer additional symptoms such as pain, depression, gastrointestinal distress, and fatigue. In addition to obvious effects on quality of life, untreated symptoms increase clinical events including emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and long-term mortality in a dose-dependent fashion. Symptom management in patients with HF consists of two key components: comprehensive symptom assessment and sufficient knowledge of available approaches to alleviate the symptoms. Successful treatment addresses not just the physical but also the emotional, social, and spiritual aspects of suffering. Despite a lack of formal experience during cardiovascular training, symptom management in HF can be learned and implemented effectively by cardiology providers. Co-management with palliative medicine specialists can add significant value across the spectrum and throughout the course of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig M Alpert
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael A Smith
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pharmacy Services, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Scott L Hummel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ellen K Hummel
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,University of Michigan Frankel Cardiovascular Center, 1500 East Medical Center Dr., SPC 5233, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5233, USA.
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Årestedt K, Alvariza A, Boman K, Öhlén J, Goliath I, Håkanson C, Fürst CJ, Brännström M. Symptom Relief and Palliative Care during the Last Week of Life among Patients with Heart Failure: A National Register Study. J Palliat Med 2018; 21:361-367. [DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2017.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kristofer Årestedt
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anette Alvariza
- Department of Health Care Sciences and Palliative Research Centre, Ersta Sköndal Bräcke University College, Stockholm, Sweden
- Capio Palliative Care, Dalens Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kurt Boman
- Research Unit, Medicine-Geriatric, Skellefteå, Sweden
- Institution of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Joakim Öhlén
- Centre for Person-Centred Care and Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ida Goliath
- Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Håkanson
- Department of Health Care Sciences and Palliative Research Centre, Ersta Sköndal Bräcke University College, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Nursing Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carl Johan Fürst
- The Institute for Palliative Care, Lund University and Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Developments in the management of pulmonary arterial hypertension have significantly improved prognosis changing this from an acute to a chronic disease. Despite optimal treatment many patients still have a high-symptom burden both because of the disease and the side-effects of therapy, consequently there is an increasing need for a palliative care approach to improve the quality of life for this patient group. This review article will outline the need for palliative care support for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, discuss the barriers that currently exist and suggest how this may be improved. RECENT FINDINGS Studies have been conducted which explore the role of palliative care in pulmonary arterial hypertension including physicians attitudes and the current barriers that exist to prevent its implementation. SUMMARY Specialist palliative support is utilized in the minority of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension despite a need for symptom control. Patients may benefit from the introduction of a palliative care approach as part of their standard care, but to achieve this there needs to be a greater understanding of the role of palliative care by both clinicians and patients and more research into the benefits for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Ng AYM, Wong FKY. Effects of a Home-Based Palliative Heart Failure Program on Quality of Life, Symptom Burden, Satisfaction and Caregiver Burden: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Pain Symptom Manage 2018; 55:1-11. [PMID: 28801001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2017.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Provision of home-based palliative care (PC) for seriously ill patients is important, yet few home-based PC services specifically or exclusively focus on end-stage heart failure (ESHF) patients. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the effect of a home-based palliative heart failure (HPHF) program on quality of life (QOL), symptoms burden, functional status, patient satisfaction, and caregiver burden among patients with ESHF. METHODS This study was a two-group randomized controlled trial undertaken in three hospitals. We recruited a total of 84 hospitalized ESHF patients who were referred to PC. They were randomized to the intervention or control group. The intervention group received a 12-week structured program with regular home visits/telephone calls provided by the nurse case managers. Data were collected at baseline (T1) and at four (T2) and 12 weeks (T3) after discharge. RESULTS A statistically significant between-group effect was found, with the HPHF group having significantly higher McGill QOL total score than the control group (P = 0.016) and there was significant group × time interaction effect (P = 0.032). There was no significant between-group effects detected for the measures of symptom distress or functional status at 12 weeks. The intervention group had higher satisfaction (P = 0.001) and lower caregiver burden (P = 0.024) than the control group at 12 weeks. CONCLUSION The HPHF program is effective in enhancing the QOL of ESHF patients, satisfaction with care, and caregiver burden. The program has potential to reduce distress for some of the symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Yee Man Ng
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; The Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalman Kafetz
- Department of Medicine for Elderly People, Whipps Cross University Hospital, Whipps Cross Road, London E11 1NR, UK
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48
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Gómez-Batiste X, Martínez-Muñoz M, Blay C, Amblàs J, Vila L, Costa X, Espaulella J, Villanueva A, Oller R, Martori JC, Constante C. Utility of the NECPAL CCOMS-ICO © tool and the Surprise Question as screening tools for early palliative care and to predict mortality in patients with advanced chronic conditions: A cohort study. Palliat Med 2017; 31:754-763. [PMID: 27815556 DOI: 10.1177/0269216316676647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Surprise Question (SQ) identifies patients with palliative care needs. The NECPAL CCOMS-ICO© (NECPAL) tool combines the Surprise Question with additional clinical parameters for a more comprehensive assessment. The capacity of these screening tools to predict mortality is still unknown. AIM To explore the predictive validity of the NECPAL and SQ to determine 12- to 24-month mortality. DESIGN Longitudinal, prospective and observational cohort study. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS Three primary care centres, one general hospital, one intermediate care centre, and four nursing homes. Population cohort with advanced chronic conditions and limited life prognosis. Patients were classified according to SQ and NECPAL criteria and followed for 24 months. RESULTS Data available to assess 1059 of 1064 recruited patients (99.6%) at 12 and 24 months: 837 patients were SQ+ and 780 were NECPAL+. Mortality rates at 24 months were as follows: 44.6% (SQ+) versus 15.8% (SQ-) and 45.8% (NECPAL+) versus 18.3% (NECPAL-) ( p = 0.000). SQ+ and NECPAL+ identification was significantly correlated with 24-month mortality risk (hazard ratios: 2.719 and 2.398, respectively). Both tools were highly sensitive (91.4, CI: 88.7-94.1 and 87.5, CI: 84.3-90.7) with high negative predictive values (84.2, CI: 79.4-89.0 and 81.7, CI: 77.2-86.2), with low specificity and positive predictive value. The prognostic accuracy of SQ and NECPAL was 52.9% and 55.2%, respectively. The predictive validity was slightly better for NECPAL. CONCLUSION SQ and NECPAL are valuable screening instruments to identify patients with limited life prognosis who may require palliative care. More research is needed to increase its prognostic utility in combination with other parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Gómez-Batiste
- 1 The Qualy Observatory/WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Palliative Care Programs (WHOCC), Catalan Institute of Oncology (CIO), Department of Health (DoH), Barcelona, Spain.,2 Chair of Palliative Care, University of Vic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marisa Martínez-Muñoz
- 1 The Qualy Observatory/WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Palliative Care Programs (WHOCC), Catalan Institute of Oncology (CIO), Department of Health (DoH), Barcelona, Spain.,2 Chair of Palliative Care, University of Vic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Blay
- 2 Chair of Palliative Care, University of Vic, Barcelona, Spain.,3 Programme for the Prevention and Care of Patients with Chronic Conditions, Department of Health (DoH), Government of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Amblàs
- 2 Chair of Palliative Care, University of Vic, Barcelona, Spain.,4 Hospital de la Santa Creu, Hospital General de Vic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Vila
- 2 Chair of Palliative Care, University of Vic, Barcelona, Spain.,5 Institut Català de la Salut - SAP Osona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Costa
- 2 Chair of Palliative Care, University of Vic, Barcelona, Spain.,5 Institut Català de la Salut - SAP Osona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Espaulella
- 2 Chair of Palliative Care, University of Vic, Barcelona, Spain.,4 Hospital de la Santa Creu, Hospital General de Vic, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ramon Oller
- 7 Department of Economics and Business, University of Vic, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Carles Constante
- 8 Department of Health (DoH), Government of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Heart failure presents unique challenges to the clinician who desires to provide excellent and humane care near the end of life. Accurate prediction of mortality in the individual patient is complicated by a chronic disease that is punctuated by recurrent acute episodes and sudden death. Health care providers continue to have difficulty communicating effectively with terminally ill patients and their caregivers regarding end-of-life care preferences, all of which needs to occur earlier rather than later. This article also discusses various means of providing palliative care, and specific issues regarding device therapy, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and palliative sedation with concurrent discussion of the ethical ramifications and pitfalls of each.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Arthur McClung
- Division of Cardiology, Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, 100 Woods Road, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
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50
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Psotka MA, McKee KY, Liu AY, Elia G, De Marco T. Palliative Care in Heart Failure: What Triggers Specialist Consultation? Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 60:215-225. [PMID: 28483606 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) continues to cause substantial death and suffering despite the availability of numerous medical, surgical, and technological therapeutic advancements. As a patient-centered holistic discipline focused on improving quality of life and decreasing anguish, palliative care (PC) has a crucial role in the care of HF patients that has been acknowledged by multiple international guidelines. PC can be provided by all members of the HF care team, including but not limited to practitioners with specialty PC training. Unfortunately, despite recommendations to routinely include PC techniques and providers in the care of HF patients, use of general PC strategies as well as expert PC consultation is limited by a dearth of evidence-based interventions in the HF population and knowledge as to when to initiate these interventions, uncertainty regarding patient desires, prognosis, and the respective roles of each member of the care team, and a general shortage of specialist PC providers. This review seeks to provide guidance as to when to employ the limited resource of specialist PC practitioners, in combination with services from other members of the care team, to best tend to HF patients as their disease progresses and eventually overcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell A Psotka
- Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Kanako Y McKee
- Palliative Care Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Albert Y Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Giovanni Elia
- Palliative Care Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Teresa De Marco
- Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
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