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Esposito TVF, Rodríguez-Rodríguez C, Blackadar C, Kłodzińska S, Mørck Nielsen H, Saatchi K, Häfeli UO. Biodistribution of the cationic host defense peptide LL-37 using SPECT/CT. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 202:114398. [PMID: 38972467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Human cathelicidin LL-37, a cationic host defense peptide (CHDP), has several important physiological roles, including antimicrobial activity, immune modulation, and wound healing, and is a being investigated as a therapeutic candidate for several indications. While the effects of endogenously produced LL-37 are well studied, the biodistribution of exogenously administered LL-37 are less known. Here we assess the biodistribution of a gallium-67 labeled variant of LL-37 using nuclear imaging techniques over a 48 h period in healthy mice. When administered as an intravenous bolus just over 20 µg, the LL-37-based radiotracer was rapidly cleared from the blood, largely by the liver, while an appreciable fraction of the dose temporarily distributed to the lungs. When administered subcutaneously at the same dose level, the radiotracer was absorbed systemically following a two-phase kinetic model and was predominately cleared renally. Uptake into sites rich in immune cells, such as the lymph nodes and the spleen, was observed for both routes of administration. Scans of free gallium-67 were also performed as controls. Important preclinical insights into the biodistribution of exogenously administered LL-37 were gained from this study, which can aid in the understanding of this and related cationic host-defense peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tullio V F Esposito
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Colin Blackadar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sylvia Kłodzińska
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Mørck Nielsen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katayoun Saatchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Urs O Häfeli
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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2
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Abe R, Ram-Mohan N, Yang S. Re-visiting humoral constitutive antibacterial heterogeneity in bloodstream infections. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 24:e245-e251. [PMID: 37944543 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00494-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Although cellular immunity has garnered much attention in the era of single-cell technologies, humoral innate immunity has receded in priority due to its presumed limited roles. Hence, despite the long-recognised bactericidal activity of serum-a functional characteristic of constitutive humoral immunity-much remains unclear regarding mechanisms underlying its inter-individual heterogeneity and clinical implications in bloodstream infections. Recent work suggests that the immediate antimicrobial effect of humoral innate immunity contributes to suppression of the excessive inflammatory responses to infection by reducing the amount of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. In this Personal View, we propose the need to re-explore factors underlying the inter-individual heterogeneity in serum antibacterial competence as a new approach to better understand humoral innate immunity and revisit the clinical use of measuring serum antibacterial activity in the management of bacterial bloodstream infections. Given the current emphasis on subtyping sepsis, a serum bactericidal assay might prove useful in defining a distinct sepsis endotype, to enable more personalised management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichiro Abe
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Nikhil Ram-Mohan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Samuel Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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3
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Behera LM, Ghosh M, Gupta PK, Rana S. A rationally engineered small antimicrobial peptide with potent antibacterial activity. J Cell Biochem 2024; 125:e30503. [PMID: 37992185 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a silent pandemic declared by the WHO that requires urgent attention in the post-COVID world. AMR is a critical public health concern worldwide, potentially affecting people at different stages of life, including the veterinary and agriculture industries. Notably, very few new-age antimicrobial agents are in the current developmental pipeline. Thus, the design, discovery, and development of new antimicrobial agents are required to address the menace of AMR. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are an important class of antimicrobial agents for combating AMR due to their broad-spectrum activity and ability to evade AMR through a multimodal mechanism of action. However, molecular size, aggregability, proteolytic degradation, cytotoxicity, and hemolysis activity significantly limit the clinical application of natural AMPs. The de novo design and engineering of a short synthetic amphipathic AMP (≤16 aa, Mol. Wt. ≤ 2 kDa) with an unusual architecture comprised of coded and noncoded amino acids (NCAAs) is presented here, which demonstrates potent antibacterial activity against a few selected bacterial strains mentioned in the WHO priority list. The designer AMP is conformationally ordered in solution and effectively permeabilizes the outer and inner membranes, leading to bacterial growth inhibition and death. Additionally, the peptide is resistant to proteolysis and has negligible cytotoxicity and hemolysis activity up to 150 μM toward cultured human cell lines and erythrocytes. The designer AMP is unique and appears to be a potent therapeutic candidate, which can be subsequently subjected to preclinical studies to explicitly understand and address the menace of AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalita Mohan Behera
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Manaswini Ghosh
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Pulkit Kr Gupta
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Soumendra Rana
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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4
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van Dijk A, Guabiraba R, Bailleul G, Schouler C, Haagsman HP, Lalmanach AC. Evolutionary diversification of defensins and cathelicidins in birds and primates. Mol Immunol 2023; 157:53-69. [PMID: 36996595 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Divergent evolution for more than 310 million years has resulted in an avian immune system that is complex and more compact than that of primates, sharing much of its structure and functions. Not surprisingly, well conserved ancient host defense molecules, such as defensins and cathelicidins, have diversified over time. In this review, we describe how evolution influenced the host defense peptides repertoire, its distribution, and the relationship between structure and biological functions. Marked features of primate and avian HDPs are linked to species-specific characteristics, biological requirements, and environmental challenge.
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5
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Hazam PK, Cheng CC, Lin WC, Hsieh CY, Hsu PH, Chen YR, Li CC, Hsueh PR, Chen JY. Strategic modification of low-activity natural antimicrobial peptides confers antibacterial potential in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 249:115131. [PMID: 36669399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) show great promise for clinical applications, but the utility of naturally occurring AMPs is often limited by their stability. Here, we used a rational design approach to improve the characteristics of a pair of inactive peptides, tilapia piscidin 1 and 2 (TP1 and TP2). From each starting peptide, we generated a series of novel derivatives by substituting residues to adjust cationic charge density, percent hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity coefficients. This approach yielded a novel peptide, TP2-5 (KKCIAKAILKKAKKLLKKLVNP), that exhibits significant bactericidal potency, low cytotoxicity and high stability. The designed peptide further showed antibiofilm activity, rapid antibacterial action and a low capacity to induce bacterial resistance. Importantly, we also demonstrated that TP2-5 can protect mice in a Vibrio vulnificus-infected wound model. Therefore, our peptide modification strategy successfully generated a novel AMP with high potential for future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Kishore Hazam
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 23-10, Dahuen Rd., Jiaushi, Ilan, 262, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Cheng
- Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road, Sec. 4, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chun Lin
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 23-10, Dahuen Rd., Jiaushi, Ilan, 262, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Yi Hsieh
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 23-10, Dahuen Rd., Jiaushi, Ilan, 262, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsien Hsu
- Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road, Sec. 4, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ru Chen
- Academia Sinica Protein Clinic, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang District, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Chin Li
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ren Hsueh
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; PhD Program for Aging, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Yih Chen
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 23-10, Dahuen Rd., Jiaushi, Ilan, 262, Taiwan; The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center and the Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
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Disparate Regions of the Human Chemokine CXCL10 Exhibit Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Activity against Biodefense and Antibiotic-Resistant Bacterial Pathogens. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 9:122-139. [PMID: 36475632 PMCID: PMC9841529 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CXCL10 is a pro-inflammatory chemokine produced by the host in response to microbial infection. In addition to canonical, receptor-dependent actions affecting immune-cell migration and activation, CXCL10 has also been found to directly kill a broad range of pathogenic bacteria. Prior investigations suggest that the bactericidal effects of CXCL10 occur through two distinct pathways that compromise the cell envelope. These observations raise the intriguing notion that CXCL10 features a separable pair of antimicrobial domains. Herein, we affirm this possibility through peptide-based mapping and structure/function analyses, which demonstrate that discrete peptides derived from the N- and C-terminal regions of CXCL10 mediate bacterial killing. The N-terminal derivative, peptide P1, exhibited marked antimicrobial activity against Bacillus anthracis vegetative bacilli and spores, as well as antibiotic-resistant clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterococcus faecium, and Staphylococcus aureus, among others. At bactericidal concentrations, peptide P1 had a minimal degree of chemotactic activity, but did not cause red blood cell hemolysis or cytotoxic effects against primary human cells. The C-terminal derivative, peptide P9, exhibited antimicrobial effects, but only against Gram-negative bacteria in low-salt medium─conditions under which the peptide can adopt an α-helical conformation. The introduction of a hydrocarbon staple induced and stabilized α-helicity; accordingly, stapled peptide P9 displayed significantly improved bactericidal effects against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in media containing physiologic levels of salt. Together, our findings identify and characterize the antimicrobial regions of CXCL10 and functionalize these novel determinants as discrete peptides with potential therapeutic utility against difficult-to-treat pathogens.
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Casciaro B, Loffredo MR, Cappiello F, O’Sullivan N, Tortora C, Manzer R, Karmakar S, Haskell A, Hasan SK, Mangoni ML. KDEON WK-11: A short antipseudomonal peptide with promising potential. Front Chem 2022; 10:1000765. [PMID: 36465859 PMCID: PMC9713011 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1000765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The plight of antimicrobial resistance continues to limit the availability of antibiotic treatment effective in combating resistant bacterial infections. Despite efforts made to rectify this issue and minimise its effects on both patients and the wider community, progress in this area remains minimal. Here, we de-novo designed a peptide named KDEON WK-11, building on previous work establishing effective residues and structures active in distinguished antimicrobial peptides such as lactoferrin. We assessed its antimicrobial activity against an array of bacterial strains and identified its most potent effect, against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with an MIC value of 3.12 μM, lower than its counterparts developed with similar residues and chain lengths. We then determined its anti-biofilm properties, potential mechanism of action and in vitro cytotoxicity. We identified that KDEON WK-11 had a broad range of antimicrobial activity and specific capabilities to fight Pseudomonas aeruginosa with low in vitro cytotoxicity and promising potential to express anti-lipopolysaccharide qualities, which could be exploited to expand its properties into an anti-sepsis agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Casciaro
- Laboratory Affiliated to Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Loffredo
- Laboratory Affiliated to Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Floriana Cappiello
- Laboratory Affiliated to Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Niamh O’Sullivan
- Laboratory Affiliated to Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carola Tortora
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, “Department of Excellence 2018–2022”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rizwan Manzer
- Iuventis Technologies Inc. (DBA Immunotrex Biologics), Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Sougata Karmakar
- Iuventis Technologies Inc. (DBA Immunotrex Biologics), Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Alan Haskell
- Iuventis Technologies Inc. (DBA Immunotrex Biologics), Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Syed K. Hasan
- Iuventis Technologies Inc. (DBA Immunotrex Biologics), Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Maria Luisa Mangoni
- Laboratory Affiliated to Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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8
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Direct Detection of Antibacterial-Producing Soil Isolates Utilizing a Novel High-Throughput Screening Assay. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10112235. [DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ever-increasing global threat of common infections developing resistance to current therapeutics is rapidly accelerating the onset of a primitive post-antibiotic era in medicine. The prevention of further antimicrobial resistance development is unlikely due to the continued misuse of antibiotics, augmented by the lack of discovery of novel antibiotics. Screening large libraries of synthetic compounds have yet to offer effective replacements for current antibiotics. Due to historical successes, discovery from large and diverse natural sources and, more specifically, environmental bacteria, may still yield novel alternative antibiotics. However, the process of antibiotic discovery from natural sources is laborious and time-consuming as a result of outdated methodologies. Therefore, we have developed a simple and rapid preliminary screening assay to identify antibacterial-producing bacteria from natural sources. In brief, the assay utilizes the presence or absence of luminescence in bioluminescent reporter bacteria and test bacterium co-cultures in a 96-well plate format to determine the absence or presence of antibacterial compound production. Our assay, called the bioluminescent simultaneous antagonism (BSLA) assay, can accurately distinguish between known antibacterial-producing and non-producing test bacteria. The BSLA assay was validated by screening 264 unknown soil isolates which resulted in the identification of 10 antibacterial-producing isolates, effectively decreasing the pool of isolates for downstream analysis by 96%. By design, the assay is simple and requires only general laboratory equipment; however, we have shown that the assay can be scaled to automated high-throughput screening systems. Taken together, the BSLA assay allows for the rapid pre-screening of unknown bacterial isolates which, when coupled with innovative downstream dereplication and identification technologies, can effectively fast-track antimicrobial discovery.
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9
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Arrigoni R, Ballini A, Topi S, Bottalico L, Jirillo E, Santacroce L. Antibiotic Resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Potential Use of Natural and Biological Products as Alternative Anti-Mycobacterial Agents. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11101431. [PMID: 36290089 PMCID: PMC9598247 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11101431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). TB treatment is based on the administration of three major antibiotics: isoniazid, rifampicin, and pyrazinamide. However, multi-drug resistant (MDR) Mtb strains are increasing around the world, thus, allowing TB to spread around the world. The stringent response is demonstrated by Mtb strains in order to survive under hostile circumstances, even including exposure to antibiotics. The stringent response is mediated by alarmones, which regulate bacterial replication, transcription and translation. Moreover, the Mtb cell wall contributes to the mechanism of antibiotic resistance along with efflux pump activation and biofilm formation. Immunity over the course of TB is managed by M1-macrophages and M2-macrophages, which regulate the immune response against Mtb infection, with the former exerting inflammatory reactions and the latter promoting an anti-inflammatory profile. T helper 1 cells via secretion of interferon (IFN)-gamma, play a protective role in the course of TB, while T regulatory cells secreting interleukin 10, are anti-inflammatory. Alternative therapeutic options against TB require further discussion. In view of the increasing number of MDR Mtb strains, attempts to replace antibiotics with natural and biological products have been object of intensive investigation. Therefore, in this review the anti-Mtb effects exerted by probiotics, polyphenols, antimicrobial peptides and IFN-gamma will be discussed. All the above cited compounds are endowed either with direct antibacterial activity or with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Arrigoni
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrea Ballini
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Skender Topi
- Department of Clinical Disciplines, School of Technical Medical Sciences, “A. Xhuvani”, 3001 Elbasan, Albania
| | - Lucrezia Bottalico
- Department of Clinical Disciplines, School of Technical Medical Sciences, “A. Xhuvani”, 3001 Elbasan, Albania
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Santacroce
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
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Acyldepsipeptide Analogues: A Future Generation Antibiotics for Tuberculosis Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091956. [PMID: 36145704 PMCID: PMC9502522 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acyldepsipeptides (ADEPs) are a new class of emerging antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which are currently explored for treatment of pathogenic infections, including tuberculosis (TB). These cyclic hydrophobic peptides have a unique bacterial target to the conventional anti-TB drugs, and present a therapeutic window to overcome Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (M. tb) drug resistance. ADEPs exerts their antibacterial activity on M. tb strains through activation of the protein homeostatic regulatory protease, the caseinolytic protease (ClpP1P2). ClpP1P2 is normally regulated and activated by the ClpP-ATPases to degrade misfolded and toxic peptides and/or short proteins. ADEPs bind and dysregulate all the homeostatic capabilities of ClpP1P2 while inducing non-selective proteolysis. The uncontrolled proteolysis leads to M. tb cell death within the host. ADEPs analogues that have been tested possess cytotoxicity and poor pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. However, these can be improved by drug design techniques. Moreover, the use of nanomaterial in conjunction with ADEPs would yield effective synergistic effect. This new mode of action has potential to combat and eradicate the extensive multi-drug resistance (MDR) problem that is currently faced by the public health pertaining bacterial infections, especially TB.
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11
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Particles Morphology Impact on Cytotoxicity, Hemolytic Activity and Sorption Properties of Porous Aluminosilicates of Kaolinite Group. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12152559. [PMID: 35893527 PMCID: PMC9332423 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A comparative study of the properties of aluminosilicates of the kaolinite (Al2Si2O5(OH)4∙nH2O) group with different particles morphology has been carried out. Under conditions of directed hydrothermal synthesis, kaolinite nanoparticles with spherical, sponge, and platy morphologies were obtained. Raw nanotubular halloysite was used as particles with tubular morphology. The samples were studied by X-ray diffraction, SEM, solid-state NMR, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, and the dependence of the zeta potential of the samples on the pH of the medium was defined. The sorption capacity with respect to cationic dye methylene blue in aqueous solutions was studied. It was found that sorption capacity depends on particles morphology and decreases in the series spheres-sponges-tubes-plates. The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin models describe experimental methylene blue adsorption isotherms on aluminosilicates of the kaolinite subgroup with different particles morphology. To process the kinetic data, pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order were used. For the first time, studies of the dependence of hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity of aluminosilicate nanoparticles on their morphology were carried out. It was found that aluminosilicate nanosponges and spherical particles are not toxic to human erythrocytes and do not cause their destruction at sample concentrations from 0.1 to 1 mg/g. Based on the results of the MTT test, the concentration value that causes 50% inhibition of cell population growth (IC50, mg/mL) was calculated. For nanotubes, this value turned out to be the smallest—0.33 mg/mL. For samples with platy, spherical and nanosponge morphology, the IC50 values were 1.55, 2.68, and 4.69 mg/mL, respectively.
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12
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Choi M, Cho HS, Ahn B, Prathap S, Nagasundarapandian S, Park C. Genomewide Analysis and Biological Characterization of Cathelicidins with Potent Antimicrobial Activity and Low Cytotoxicity from Three Bat Species. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:989. [PMID: 35892379 PMCID: PMC9330922 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11080989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cathelicidins are potent antimicrobial peptides with broad spectrum antimicrobial activity in many vertebrates and an important component of the innate immune system. However, our understanding of the genetic variations and biological characteristics of bat cathelicidins is limited. In this study, we performed genome-level analysis of the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidins from seven bat species in the six families, listed 19 cathelicidin-like sequences, and showed that the number of functional cathelicidin genes differed among bat species. Based on the identified biochemical characteristics of bat cathelicidins, three cathelicidins, HA-CATH (from Hipposideros armiger), ML-CATH (from Myotis lucifugus), and PD-CATH (from Phyllostomus discolor), with clear antimicrobial signatures were chemically synthesized and evaluated antimicrobial activity. HA-CATH showed narrow-spectrum antibacterial activity against a panel of 12 reference bacteria, comprising 6 Gram-negative and 6 Gram-positive strains. However, ML-CATH and PD-CATH showed potent antibacterial activity against a broad spectrum of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1 and 3 μg/mL, respectively, against Staphylococcus aureus. ML-CATH and PD-CATH also showed antifungal activities against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus cuniculi with MIC of 5 to 40 μg/mL, respectively, and 80% inhibition of the metabolism of Mucor hiemalis hyphae at 80 μg/mL, while displaying minimal cytotoxicity to HaCaT cells. Taken together, although the spectrum and efficacy of bat cathelicidins were species-dependent, the antimicrobial activity of ML-CATH and PD-CATH was comparable to that of other highly active cathelicidins in vertebrates while having negligible cytotoxicity to mammalian cells. ML-CATH and PD-CATH can be exploited as promising candidates for the development of antimicrobial therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chankyu Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (M.C.); (H.-s.C.); (B.A.); (S.P.); (S.N.)
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13
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Le MNT, Kawada-Matsuo M, Komatsuzawa H. Efficiency of Antimicrobial Peptides Against Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcal Pathogens. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:930629. [PMID: 35756032 PMCID: PMC9218695 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.930629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics play a vital role in saving millions of lives from fatal infections; however, the inappropriate use of antibiotics has led to the emergence and propagation of drug resistance worldwide. Multidrug-resistant bacteria represent a significant challenge to treating infections due to the limitation of available antibiotics, necessitating the investigation of alternative treatments for combating these superbugs. Under such circumstances, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), including human-derived AMPs and bacteria-derived AMPs (so-called bacteriocins), are considered potential therapeutic drugs owing to their high efficacy against infectious bacteria and the poor ability of these microorganisms to develop resistance to them. Several staphylococcal species including Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus are commensal bacteria and known to cause many opportunistic infectious diseases. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococci, especially methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), are of particular concern among the critical multidrug-resistant infectious Gram-positive pathogens. Within the past decade, studies have reported promising AMPs that are effective against MRSA and other methicillin-resistant Staphylococci. This review discusses the sources and mechanisms of AMPs against staphylococcal species, as well as their potential to become chemotherapies for clinical infections caused by multidrug-resistant staphylococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Nguyen-Tra Le
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Miki Kawada-Matsuo
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Komatsuzawa
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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14
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de Souza GS, de Jesus Sonego L, Santos Mundim AC, de Miranda Moraes J, Sales-Campos H, Lorenzón EN. Antimicrobial-wound healing peptides: Dual-function molecules for the treatment of skin injuries. Peptides 2022; 148:170707. [PMID: 34896165 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic non-healing wounds caused by microbial infections extend the necessity for hospital care and constitute a public health problem and a great financial burden. Classic therapies include a wide range of approaches, from wound debridement to vascular surgery. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a preserved trait of the innate immune response among different animal species, with known effects on the immune system and microorganisms. Thus, AMPs may represent promising candidates for the treatment of chronic wounds with dual functionality in two of the main agents that lead to this condition, proliferation of microorganisms and uncontrolled inflammation. Here, our goal is to critically review AMPs with wound healing properties. We strongly believe that these dual-function peptides alone, or in combination with other wound healing strategies, constitute an underexplored field that researchers can take advantage of.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Helioswilton Sales-Campos
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiás, Brazil
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15
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van Harten RM, Tjeerdsma-van Bokhoven JL, de Greeff A, Balhuizen MD, van Dijk A, Veldhuizen EJ, Haagsman HP, Scheenstra MR. d-enantiomers of CATH-2 enhance the response of macrophages against Streptococcus suis serotype 2. J Adv Res 2022; 36:101-112. [PMID: 35127168 PMCID: PMC8799869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
D-CATH-2 has strong antimicrobial activities towards multiple S.suis strains. D-CATH-2 ameliorates macrophage function. DCATH-2 binds LTA. DCATH-2 has prophylactic effect against S. suis infection in vivo.
Introduction Due to the increase of antibiotic resistant bacterial strains, there is an urgent need for development of alternatives to antibiotics. Cathelicidins can be such an alternative to antibiotics having both a direct antimicrobial capacity as well as an immunomodulatory function. Previously, the full d-enantiomer of chicken cathelicidin-2 (d-CATH-2) has shown to prophylactically protect chickens against infection 7 days post hatch when administered in ovo three days before hatch. Objectives To further evaluate d-CATH-2 in mammals as a candidate for an alternative to antibiotics. In this study, the prophylactic capacity of d-CATH-2 and two truncated derivatives, d-C(1–21) and d-C(4–21), was determined in mammalian cells. Methods Antibacterial assays; immune cell differentiation and modulation; cytotoxicity, isothermal titration calorimetry; in vivo prophylactic capacity of peptides in an S. suis infection model. Results d-CATH-2 and its derivatives were shown to have a strong direct antibacterial capacity against four different S. suis serotype 2 strains (P1/7, S735, D282, and OV625) in bacterial medium and even stronger in cell culture medium. In addition, d-CATH-2 and its derivatives ameliorated the efficiency of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) and skewed mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDC) towards cells with a more macrophage-like phenotype. The peptides directly bind lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and inhibit LTA-induced activation of macrophages. In addition, S. suis killed by the peptide was unable to further activate mouse macrophages, which indicates that S. suis was eliminated by the previously reported silent killing mechanism. Administration of d-C(1–21) at 24 h or 7 days before infection resulted in a small prophylactic protection with reduced disease severity and reduced mortality of the treated mice. Conclusion d-enantiomers of CATH-2 show promise as anti-infectives against pathogenic S. suis for application in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel M. van Harten
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Astrid de Greeff
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, Houtribweg 39, 8221 RA Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | - Melanie D. Balhuizen
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Albert van Dijk
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Edwin J.A. Veldhuizen
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author.
| | - Henk P. Haagsman
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maaike R. Scheenstra
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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16
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Escobar‐Salom M, Torrens G, Jordana‐Lluch E, Oliver A, Juan C. Mammals' humoral immune proteins and peptides targeting the bacterial envelope: from natural protection to therapeutic applications against multidrug‐resistant
Gram
‐negatives. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:1005-1037. [PMID: 35043558 PMCID: PMC9304279 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian innate immunity employs several humoral ‘weapons’ that target the bacterial envelope. The threats posed by the multidrug‐resistant ‘ESKAPE’ Gram‐negative pathogens (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.) are forcing researchers to explore new therapeutic options, including the use of these immune elements. Here we review bacterial envelope‐targeting (peptidoglycan and/or membrane‐targeting) proteins/peptides of the mammalian immune system that are most likely to have therapeutic applications. Firstly we discuss their general features and protective activity against ESKAPE Gram‐negatives in the host. We then gather, integrate, and discuss recent research on experimental therapeutics harnessing their bactericidal power, based on their exogenous administration and also on the discovery of bacterial and/or host targets that improve the performance of this endogenous immunity, as a novel therapeutic concept. We identify weak points and knowledge gaps in current research in this field and suggest areas for future work to obtain successful envelope‐targeting therapeutic options to tackle the challenge of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Escobar‐Salom
- Department of Microbiology University Hospital Son Espases‐Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa) Carretera de Valldemossa 79 Palma Balearic Islands 07010 Spain
| | - Gabriel Torrens
- Department of Microbiology University Hospital Son Espases‐Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa) Carretera de Valldemossa 79 Palma Balearic Islands 07010 Spain
| | - Elena Jordana‐Lluch
- Department of Microbiology University Hospital Son Espases‐Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa) Carretera de Valldemossa 79 Palma Balearic Islands 07010 Spain
| | - Antonio Oliver
- Department of Microbiology University Hospital Son Espases‐Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa) Carretera de Valldemossa 79 Palma Balearic Islands 07010 Spain
| | - Carlos Juan
- Department of Microbiology University Hospital Son Espases‐Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa) Carretera de Valldemossa 79 Palma Balearic Islands 07010 Spain
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17
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Endogenous cathelicidin is required for protection against ZIKV-caused testis damage via inactivating virons. Antiviral Res 2022; 198:105248. [PMID: 35038500 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cathelicidins have been shown to effectively inhibit flavivirus replication in vitro. However, the effects of mouse and human endogenous cathelicidins on flavivirus infection in vivo are rarely known. We herein found that mouse endogenous cathelicidin CRAMP was significantly up-regulated upon Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. CRAMP deficiency markedly exacerbated ZIKV replication in testis, and aggravated ZIKV-induced testicular damage and ZIKV-induced spermatic damage in mice, indicating that endogenous cathelicidin is required for protection against ZIKV-caused male infertility in mice. In vitro antiviral assay showed that both mouse cathelidin CRAMP and human cathelicidin LL-37 obviously reduced ZIKV-caused cytopathic effect and inhibited ZIKV replication in Vero cells. Antiviral mechanism revealed that they both directly inactivated ZIKV virons by binding to ZIKV virons and inducing the leakage of ZIKV genomic RNA, consequently inactivated ZIKV virons. In vivo antiviral assay indicated that both of them effectively inhibited ZIKV replication in C57BL/6J and IFNα/β receptor-deficient (Ifnar1-/-) mice when CRAMP or LL-37 was intravenously injected in parallel with or at 1 h after intravenous injection of ZIKV, implying that mouse cathelidin CRAMP and human cathelicidin LL-37 effectively inactivated ZIKV particles and exhibited therapeutic potential against ZIKV infection in vivo. Our findings reveal that endogenous cahtelicidin CRAMP and LL-37 act as inactivators of ZIKV, and effectively protect against ZIKV replication and ZIKV-induced male infertility, highlighting their potential for therapy of ZIKV infection.
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18
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Nikpoor M, Lohrasbi-Nejad A, Zolala J. Heterologous Expression and Functional Characterization of CAP18 from Oryctolagus cuniculus. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 10:622-632. [PMID: 35291606 PMCID: PMC8903354 DOI: 10.52547/rbmb.10.4.622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial peptides belong to the innate defence system of creatures. These peptides attach to the bacterial membrane in order to die microorganisms by penetrating them. Hence, biotechnology researchers pay more attention to produce antimicrobial peptides for use in various fields. The studies showed that rabbit tissue with inflammation and skin ulcers would be producing CAP18 peptide, which belongs to the cathelicidin group. METHODS In this study, the optimized sequence of the cap18 gene was placed into the pPICZAα plasmid after the alpha-factor signal and transformed into Pichia pastoris (X-33 strain). Purification of the recombinant peptide was done based on its histidine tail at C-terminal, and western blotting method was used to demonstrate the purification of rCAP18. The antibacterial activity of the purified and desalted rCAP18 was investigated at different concentrations against pathogenic bacteria. RESULTS The maximum expression level of rCAP18 (17.5 kDa) was seen 90 h after induction of alcohol oxidase I (AOX1) promoter with methanol. The concentration of rCAP18 was 33 mg/L after purification with Ni-NTA Sepharose column. The function of rCAP18 (4.3, 5.7, 7 µg/ml) was investigated against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. Results showed that %CFU/cm2 reached 28% after P. aeruginosa cells treatment with 7 μg/ml of rCAP18. CONCLUSION This study presented the findings related to heterologous expression of cap18 gene, and evaluation of rCAP18 antibacterial effects. Our results showed that rCAP18 plays a significant role in inhibiting bacterial growth, especially Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahla Nikpoor
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Azadeh Lohrasbi-Nejad
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Jafar Zolala
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
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19
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Golubeva OY, Alikina YA, Khamova TV, Vladimirova EV, Shamova OV. Aluminosilicate Nanosponges: Synthesis, Properties, and Application Prospects. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:17008-17018. [PMID: 34723488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A simple one-step method is presented for fabricating inorganic nanosponges with a kaolinite [Al2Si2O5(OH)4] structure. The nanosponges were synthesized by the hydrothermal treatment of aluminosilicate gels in an acidic medium (pH = 2.6) at 220 °C without using organic cross-linking agents, such as cyclodextrin or polymers. The formation of the nanosponge morphology was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, and the assignment of the synthesized aluminosilicates to the kaolinite group was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. The effect of the synthesis conditions, in particular, the nature (HCl, HF, NaOH, and H2O) and pH of the reaction medium (2.6, 7, and 12), as well as the duration of the synthesis (3, 6, and 12 days), on the morphology of aluminosilicates of the kaolinite group was studied. The sorption capacity of aluminosilicate nanosponges with respect to cationic (e.g., methylene blue) and anionic (e.g., azorubine) dyes in aqueous solutions was studied. The pH sensitivity of the surface ζ potential of the synthesized nanosponges was demonstrated. The dependence of the hemolytic activity (the ability to destroy erythrocytes) of aluminosilicate nanoparticles on the particle morphology (platy, spherical, and nanosponge) has been identified for the first time. Aluminosilicate nanosponges were not found to exhibit hemolytic activity. The prospects of using aluminosilicate nanosponges to prepare innovative functional materials for ecology and medicine applications, in particular, as matrices for drug delivery systems, were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Yu Golubeva
- Laboratory of the Nanostructures Research, Institute of Silicate Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Adm. Makarova Emb., 2, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Yulia A Alikina
- Laboratory of the Nanostructures Research, Institute of Silicate Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Adm. Makarova Emb., 2, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Tamara V Khamova
- Laboratory of the Nanostructures Research, Institute of Silicate Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Adm. Makarova Emb., 2, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Elizaveta V Vladimirova
- Department of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academic Pavlov Str., 12, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia
| | - Olga V Shamova
- Department of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academic Pavlov Str., 12, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia
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20
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White LJ, Boles JE, Clifford M, Patenall BL, Hilton KHLF, Ng KKL, Ellaby RJ, Hind CK, Mulvihill DP, Hiscock JR. Di-anionic self-associating supramolecular amphiphiles (SSAs) as antimicrobial agents against MRSA and Escherichia coli. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11839-11842. [PMID: 34698738 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05455d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a series of di-anionic supramolecular self-associating amphiphiles (SSAs). We elucidate the antimicrobial properties of these SSAs against both methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. In addition, we show this class of compound to form both intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonded macrocyclic structures in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J White
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NH, UK.
| | - Jessica E Boles
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NH, UK. .,School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NJ, UK.
| | - Melanie Clifford
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK.
| | - Bethany L Patenall
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK.
| | - Kira H L F Hilton
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NH, UK.
| | - Kendrick K L Ng
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NH, UK.
| | - Rebecca J Ellaby
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NH, UK.
| | - Charlotte K Hind
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK.
| | - Daniel P Mulvihill
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NJ, UK.
| | - Jennifer R Hiscock
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NH, UK.
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21
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Silva-Carvalho AÉ, Cardoso MH, Alencar-Silva T, Bogéa GMR, Carvalho JL, Franco OL, Saldanha-Araujo F. Dissecting the relationship between antimicrobial peptides and mesenchymal stem cells. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 233:108021. [PMID: 34637839 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Among the various biological properties presented by Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), their ability to control the immune response and fight pathogen infection through the production of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been the subject of intense research in recent years. AMPs secreted by MSCs exhibit activity against a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, yeasts, and viruses. The main AMPs produced by these cells are hepcidin, cathelicidin LL-37, and β-defensin-2. In addition to acting against pathogens, those AMPs have also been shown to interact with MSCs to modulate MSC proliferation, migration, and regeneration, indicating that such peptides exert a more diverse biological effect than initially thought. In the present review, we discuss the production of AMPs by MSCs, revise the multiple functions of these peptides, including their influence over MSCs, and present an overview of clinical situations in which the antimicrobial properties of MSCs may be explored for therapy. Finally, we discuss possibilities of combining MSCs and AMPs to generate improved therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandda Évelin Silva-Carvalho
- Laboratório de Hematologia e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Marlon Henrique Cardoso
- S-Inova Biotech, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Thuany Alencar-Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Muller Reche Bogéa
- Laboratório de Hematologia e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Juliana Lott Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- S-Inova Biotech, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Felipe Saldanha-Araujo
- Laboratório de Hematologia e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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22
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Potential Novel Biomarkers for Mastitis Diagnosis in Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11102783. [PMID: 34679803 PMCID: PMC8532728 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Inflammation of the mammary gland (mastitis) is an important disease of dairy sheep. Mastitis management depends mainly on the diagnosis. Conventional diagnostic methods including somatic cell count, California Mastitis Test, and microbial culture have limitations. Therefore researchers are looking for new diagnostic biomarkers of mastitis including specific proteins produced by the liver in case of disease (acute phase proteins), unique genetic sequences (miRNAs), or antimicrobial peptides produced by immune cells during inflammation (cathelicidines). Abstract This review aims to characterize promising novel markers of ovine mastitis. Mastitis is considered as one of the primary factors for premature culling in dairy sheep and has noticeable financial, productional, and animal welfare-related implications. Furthermore, clinical, and subclinical mammary infections negatively affect milk yield and alter the milk composition, thereby leading to lowered quality of dairy products. It is, therefore, crucial to control and prevent mastitis through proper diagnosis, treatment or culling, and appropriate udder health management particularly at the end of the lactation period. The clinical form of mastitis is characterized by abnormalities in milk and mammary gland tissue alteration or systemic symptoms consequently causing minor diagnostic difficulties. However, to identify ewes with subclinical mastitis, laboratory diagnostics is crucial. Mastitis control is primarily dependent on determining somatic cell count (SCC) and the California Mastitis Test (CMT), which aim to detect the quantity of cells in the milk sample. The other useful diagnostic tool is microbial culture, which complements SCC and CMT. However, all mentioned diagnostic methods have their limitations and therefore novel biomarkers of ovine subclinical mastitis are highly desired. These sensitive indicators include acute-phase proteins, miRNA, and cathelicidins measurements, which could be determined in ovine serum and/or milk and in the future may become useful in early mastitis diagnostics as well as a preventive tool. This may contribute to increased detection of ovine mammary gland inflammation in sheep, especially in subclinical form, and consequently improves milk quality and quantity.
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23
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Wu J, Zhang H, Chen X, Chai J, Hu Y, Xiong W, Lu W, Tian M, Chen X, Xu X. FM-CATH, A Novel Cathelicidin From Fejervarya Multistriata, Shows Therapeutic Potential for Treatment of CLP-Induced Sepsis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:731056. [PMID: 34483941 PMCID: PMC8415707 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.731056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is an exacerbated inflammatory reaction induced by severe infection. As important defensive molecules in innate immunity, several AMPs are reported to prevent septic shock. In this study, we characterized a novel cathelicidin, FM-CATH, from the frog skin of F. multistriata. FM-CATH was found to adopt an amphipathic α-helix structural in membrane-mimetic environments and possess favorable antimicrobial effects against bacteria and fungus. In addition, it triggered the agglutination of bacteria. It could also strongly bind to LPS and LTA. Additionally, FM-CATH affected the enzymatic activities of thrombin, plasmin, β-tryptase, and tPA, leading to coagulation inhibition in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we observed that FM-CATH improved survival rate and inhibited pathological alteration, bacterial count, serum biochemistry, and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in the cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis mice. Taken together, these findings suggest that FM-CATH might be served as a promising agent for the treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiena Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyun Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinwei Chai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunrui Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weichen Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wancheng Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maolin Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueqing Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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24
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Valdez-Miramontes CE, De Haro-Acosta J, Aréchiga-Flores CF, Verdiguel-Fernández L, Rivas-Santiago B. Antimicrobial peptides in domestic animals and their applications in veterinary medicine. Peptides 2021; 142:170576. [PMID: 34033877 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are molecules with a broad-spectrum activity against bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. These peptides are widely distributed in insects, amphibians and mammals. Indeed, they are key molecules of the innate immune system with remarkable antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activity. Besides, these peptides have also shown regulatory activity for gut microbiota and have been considered inductors of growth performance. The current review describes the updated findings of antimicrobial peptides in domestic animals, such as bovines, goats, sheep, pigs, horses, canines and felines, analyzing the most relevant aspects of their use as potential therapeutics and their applications in Veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Valdez-Miramontes
- Academic Unit of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico.
| | - Jeny De Haro-Acosta
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security- IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - C F Aréchiga-Flores
- Academic Unit of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - L Verdiguel-Fernández
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Veterinary, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico
| | - B Rivas-Santiago
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security- IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico
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25
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Wu H, Xu P, Huang Y, Wang L, Ye X, Huang X, Ma L, Zhou C. PCL-1, a Trypsin-Resistant Peptide, Exerts Potent Activity Against Drug-Resistant Bacteria. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:1467-1480. [PMID: 34037941 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09801-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which hold tremendous promise in overcoming the emergence of drug resistance, are limited in wide clinical applications due to their instability, especially against trypsin. Herein, we designed six peptide mutants based on the cathelicidin CATHPb2, followed by screening. Pb2-1, which showed the best activity against drug-resistant bacteria among these mutants, was selected to be combined with the trypsin inhibitory loop ORB-C to obtain two hybrid peptides: PCL-1 and Pb2-1TI. Notably, both of the hybrid peptides exhibited a remarkable enhancement in trypsin resistance compared with Pb2-1. The tests showed that PCL-1 displayed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity that was superior to that of Pb2-1TI. In addition, PCL-1 had relatively lower cytotoxicity than Pb2-1TI towards the L02 and HaCaT cell lines and negligible hemolysis, as well as tolerance to high concentrations of salt, extreme pH, and temperature variations. In vivo, PCL-1 effectively improved the survival rate of mice that were systemically infected with drug-resistant Escherichia coli through efficient bacterial clearance from the blood and organs. With regard to mode of action, PCL-1 damaged the integrity of the bacterial cell membrane and attached to the membrane surface while bound to bacterial genomic DNA to eventually kill the bacteria. Altogether, the trypsin-resistant peptide PCL-1 is expected to be a candidate for the clinical treatment of bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haomin Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ya Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liping Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyue Ye
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaowei Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingman Ma
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, China.
| | - ChangLin Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, China.
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Shi S, Shen T, Liu Y, Chen L, Wang C, Liao C. Porcine Myeloid Antimicrobial Peptides: A Review of the Activity and Latest Advances. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:664139. [PMID: 34055951 PMCID: PMC8160099 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.664139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional antibiotics have made great contributions to human health and animal husbandry since the discovery of penicillin in 1928, but bacterial resistance and drug residues are growing threats to global public health due to the long-term uncontrolled application of antibiotics. There is a critical need to develop new antimicrobial drugs to replace antibiotics. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are distributed in all kingdoms of life, presenting activity against pathogens as well as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities; consequently, they have prospects as new potential alternatives to antibiotics. Porcine myeloid antimicrobial peptides (PMAPs), the porcine cathelicidin family of AMPs, have been reported in the literature in recent years. PMAPs have become an important research topic due to their strong antibacterial activity. This review focuses on the universal trends in the biochemical parameters, structural characteristics and biological activities of PMAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaibing Shi
- The Key Lab of Veterinary Biological Products, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Tengfei Shen
- The Key Lab of Veterinary Biological Products, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yongqing Liu
- The Key Lab of Veterinary Biological Products, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Liangliang Chen
- The Key Lab of Veterinary Biological Products, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Chen Wang
- The Key Lab of Veterinary Biological Products, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Chengshui Liao
- The Key Lab of Veterinary Biological Products, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology/Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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27
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Majewska M, Zamlynny V, Pieta IS, Nowakowski R, Pieta P. Interaction of LL-37 human cathelicidin peptide with a model microbial-like lipid membrane. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 141:107842. [PMID: 34049238 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The only representative of cathelicidin peptides in humans is LL-37, a multifunctional antimicrobial peptide (AMP) that is a part of the innate immune response. Details of the LL-37 direct activity against pathogens are not well understood at the molecular level. Here, we present research on the mechanism of interaction between LL-37 and a model multicomponent bilayer lipid membrane (BLM), mimicking microbial cell membrane. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), high-resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging, and polarization-modulation infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) were applied to study the peptide influence on a model microbial-like membrane. We show that LL-37 causes changes in the phospholipid molecules conformation and orientation, leading to membrane disintegration, significantly affecting the membrane electrical parameters, such as capacitance and resistance. High-resolution AFM imaging shows topographical and mechanical effects of such disintegration, while PM-IRRAS data indicates that introduction of LL-37 causes changes in the phospholipid acyl chains from all-trans to gauche conformations. Moreover, the presence of LL-37 significantly alters the value of the phospholipid tilt angle. Altogether, our results suggest a "carpet" membrane dissolution followed by a detergent-like membrane disruption mechanism upon LL-37 activity. This research gives a novel insight into the understanding of LL-37 influence on multicomponent model membranes and a promising contribution to the development of LL-37-derived therapeutic agents against drug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Majewska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Vlad Zamlynny
- Chemistry Department, Acadia University, 6 University Avenue, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Izabela S Pieta
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Nowakowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Pieta
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
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28
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Guglielmi P, Pontecorvi V, Rotondi G. Natural compounds and extracts as novel antimicrobial agents. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2021; 30:949-962. [PMID: 33203288 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2020.1853101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance is a worldwide problem accounting for the reduction or in some cases absence of drugs effectiveness normally used in infections treatment. In the light of the even more spread ability of microbials to develop resistance, there is an urgent necessity to find novel and alternative routes to fight infections. Natural compounds or extracts can be a valid alternative either as monotherapy or as adjuvant in order to improve the effectiveness of the failing drugs. Areas covered: This review provides a comprehensive update (2018-2020) on the development state of innovative antimicrobial agents based on natural compounds and extracts, also describing their compositions, methods of production and use, mechanism of action, along with anti-microbial data when available. Expert opinion: Owing to the pivotal role that natural compounds often cover in the finding of novel drugs, their in-depth analysis could pave the way to the discovery of new antimicrobial agents. Most of the alternative approaches reported in this short review were validated through in vitro and in vivo (animal as well as human) models. The employment of natural derived compounds and extracts, alone or in combination with classical antimicrobial drugs, as antimicrobial agents could represent an important achievement to challenge pathogens resistant mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Guglielmi
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy
| | - Virginia Pontecorvi
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Rotondi
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy
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29
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Peel E, Cheng Y, Djordjevic JT, O’Meally D, Thomas M, Kuhn M, Sorrell TC, Huston WM, Belov K. Koala cathelicidin PhciCath5 has antimicrobial activity, including against Chlamydia pecorum. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249658. [PMID: 33852625 PMCID: PMC8046226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Devastating fires in Australia over 2019-20 decimated native fauna and flora, including koalas. The resulting population bottleneck, combined with significant loss of habitat, increases the vulnerability of remaining koala populations to threats which include disease. Chlamydia is one disease which causes significant morbidity and mortality in koalas. The predominant pathogenic species, Chlamydia pecorum, causes severe ocular, urogenital and reproductive tract disease. In marsupials, including the koala, gene expansions of an antimicrobial peptide family known as cathelicidins have enabled protection of immunologically naïve pouch young during early development. We propose that koala cathelicidins are active against Chlamydia and other bacteria and fungi. Here we describe ten koala cathelicidins, five of which contained full length coding sequences that were widely expressed in tissues throughout the body. Focusing on these five, we investigate their antimicrobial activity against two koala C. pecorum isolates from distinct serovars; MarsBar and IPTaLE, as well as other bacteria and fungi. One cathelicidin, PhciCath5, inactivated C. pecorum IPTaLE and MarsBar elementary bodies and significantly reduced the number of inclusions compared to the control (p<0.0001). Despite evidence of cathelicidin expression within tissues known to be infected by Chlamydia, natural PhciCath5 concentrations may be inadequate in vivo to prevent or control C. pecorum infections in koalas. PhciCath5 also displayed antimicrobial activity against fungi and Gram negative and positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Electrostatic interactions likely drive PhciCath5 adherence to the pathogen cell membrane, followed by membrane permeabilisation leading to cell death. Activity against E. coli was reduced in the presence of 10% serum and 20% whole blood. Future modification of the PhciCath5 peptide to enhance activity, including in the presence of serum/blood, may provide a novel solution to Chlamydia infection in koalas and other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Peel
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yuanyuan Cheng
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julianne T. Djordjevic
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Denis O’Meally
- Center for Gene Therapy, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Mark Thomas
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Kuhn
- Zoetis, Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Tania C. Sorrell
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wilhelmina M. Huston
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katherine Belov
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
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30
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Sinatra L, Kolano L, Icker M, Fritzsche SR, Volke D, Gockel I, Thieme R, Hoffmann R, Hansen FK. Hybrid Peptides Based on α-Aminoxy Acids as Antimicrobial and Anticancer Foldamers. Chempluschem 2021; 86:827-835. [PMID: 33656810 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
α-Aminoxy peptides represent an interesting group of peptidomimetics with high proteolytic stability and the ability to fold into specific, predictable secondary structures. Here, we present a series of hybrid peptides consisting of α-aminoxy acids and α-amino acids with cationic and aromatic, hydrophobic side chains in an alternating manner synthesized using an efficient protocol that combines solution- and solid-phase synthesis. 2D ROESY experiments with a representative hexamer suggested the presence of a 7/8 helical conformation in solution. Biological evaluation revealed a significant impact of the peptide chain length and the N-terminal cap on the antimicrobial and anticancer properties of this series of hybrid peptides. The Fmoc-capped peptide 6e displayed the most potent antimicrobial activity against a panel of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains (e. g. against E. Coli: MIC=8 mg/L; S. aureus: MIC=4 mg/L).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sinatra
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Brüderstr. 34, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lisa Kolano
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BBZ), Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maik Icker
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan R Fritzsche
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Brüderstr. 34, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniela Volke
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BBZ), Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ines Gockel
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - René Thieme
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralf Hoffmann
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BBZ), Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Finn K Hansen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Cell Biological Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
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Citrullination-Resistant LL-37 Is a Potent Antimicrobial Agent in the Inflammatory Environment High in Arginine Deiminase Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239126. [PMID: 33266231 PMCID: PMC7730452 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
LL-37, the only member of the mammalian cathelicidin in humans, plays an essential role in innate immunity by killing pathogens and regulating the inflammatory response. However, at an inflammatory focus, arginine residues in LL-37 can be converted to citrulline via a reaction catalyzed by peptidyl-arginine deiminases (PAD2 and PAD4), which are expressed in neutrophils and are highly active during the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Citrullination impairs the bactericidal activity of LL-37 and abrogates its immunomodulatory functions. Therefore, we hypothesized that citrullination-resistant LL-37 variants would retain the functionality of the native peptide in the presence of PADs. To test this hypothesis, we synthetized LL-37 in which arginine residues were substituted by homoarginine (hArg-LL-37). Bactericidal activity of hArg-LL-37 was comparable with that of native LL-37, but neither treatment with PAD4 nor exposure to NETs affected the antibacterial and immunomodulatory activities of hArg-LL-37. Importantly, the susceptibilities of LL-37 and hArg-LL-37 to degradation by proteases did not significantly differ. Collectively, we demonstrated that citrullination-resistant hArg-LL-37 is an attractive lead compound for the generation of new agents to treat bacterial infections and other inflammatory diseases associated with enhanced PAD activity. Moreover, our results provide a proof-of-concept for synthesis of therapeutic peptides using homoarginine.
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32
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Bescucci DM, Clarke ST, Brown CLJ, Boras VF, Montina T, Uwiera RRE, Inglis GD. The absence of murine cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide impacts host responses enhancing Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection. Gut Pathog 2020; 12:53. [PMID: 33292444 PMCID: PMC7666523 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-020-00386-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cathelicidins are a class of antimicrobial peptide, and the murine cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (mCRAMP) has been demonstrated in vitro to impair Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium proliferation. However, the impact of mCRAMP on host responses and the microbiota following S. Typhimurium infection has not been determined. In this study mCRAMP-/- and mCRAMP+/+ mice (± streptomycin) were orally inoculated with S. enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 (SA +), and impacts on the host and enteric bacterial communities were temporally evaluated. RESULTS Higher densities of the pathogen were observed in cecal digesta and associated with mucosa in SA+/mCRAMP-/- mice that were pretreated (ST+) and not pretreated (ST-) with streptomycin at 24 h post-inoculation (hpi). Both SA+/ST+/mCRAMP-/- and SA+/ST-/mCRAMP-/- mice were more susceptible to infection exhibiting greater histopathologic changes (e.g. epithelial injury, leukocyte infiltration, goblet cell loss) at 48 hpi. Correspondingly, immune responses in SA+/ST+/mCRAMP-/- and SA+/ST-/mCRAMP-/- mice were affected (e.g. Ifnγ, Kc, Inos, Il1β, RegIIIγ). Systemic dissemination of the pathogen was characterized by metabolomics, and the liver metabolome was affected to a greater degree in SA+/ST+/mCRAMP-/- and SA+/ST-/mCRAMP-/- mice (e.g. taurine, cadaverine). Treatment-specific changes to the structure of the enteric microbiota were associated with infection and mCRAMP deficiency, with a higher abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and Veillonellaceae observed in infected null mice. The microbiota of mice that were administered the antibiotic and infected with Salmonella was dominated by Proteobacteria. CONCLUSION The study findings showed that the absence of mCRAMP modulated both host responses and the enteric microbiota enhancing local and systemic infection by Salmonella Typhimurium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danisa M Bescucci
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.,Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sandra T Clarke
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.,Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Catherine L J Brown
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Valerie F Boras
- Chinook Regional Hospital, Alberta Health Services, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Tony Montina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.,Southern Alberta Genome Sciences Centre, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Richard R E Uwiera
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - G Douglas Inglis
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.
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Production and characterization of exopolysaccharide from the sponge-associated Bacillus subtilis MKU SERB2 and its in-vitro biological properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 166:1471-1479. [PMID: 33171181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the sponge-associated a potential endosymbiotic bacterium, Bacillus subtilis MKU SERB2 was identified and optimized the production of exopolysaccharide (EPS) by using response surface methodology (RSM). The central composite rotatable design (CCRD) exhibited the highest yield of EPS (617.81 μg/mL) obtained from the optimized medium containing 11.5 g/L of sucrose, 3.5 g/L of yeast extract, 3.0 g/L of peptone, and 2.5 g/L of calcium chloride. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum of purified EPS indicated that the presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl, and amide as functional groups, and their structural composition was confirmed by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. Moreover, the fibrous, porous and semi-crystalline nature of EPS was confirmed by SEM and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis and the EDX inferred demonstrated the presence of C, Na, O, N, S, and Cl respectively. Further, the isolated EPS exhibited potent antioxidant activity and moderate anticoagulant efficacy whereas there was no hemolytic and lymphocytes toxicity. Overall, our result suggests that the functional and biological properties of the EPS imply the potential applications in food and pharmaceutical industries in the future.
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34
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Enigk K, Jentsch H, Rodloff AC, Eschrich K, Stingu CS. Activity of five antimicrobial peptides against periodontal as well as non-periodontal pathogenic strains. J Oral Microbiol 2020; 12:1829405. [PMID: 33133417 PMCID: PMC7580719 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2020.1829405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Due to the increasing emergence of multi-resistant bacteria the search for alternative antimicrobial substances is of high interest. Promising agents are antimicrobial peptides which are host defense molecules of the innate immune system in a wide range of different species. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the activity of nisin, melittin, lactoferrin, parasin-1 and LL-37 against 35 oral bacteria and Candida albicans employing the gold standard method for anaerobic susceptibility testing. Methods: The activity of the peptides was determined by an agar dilution method under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. The test media contained final peptide concentrations between 0.125 µg/ml and 8 µg/ml (melittin, lactoferrin, parasin-1, LL-37) and between 0.125 µg/ml and 128 µg/ml (nisin). Results: Nisin completely inhibited the growth of Megasphaera sp., Bifidobacterium longum, Parvimonas micra, Actinomyces israelii, Actinomyces naeslundii, Actinomyces odontolyticus, Prevotella intermedia, Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus constellatus and Staphylococcus aureus. Melittin and lactoferrin reduced the growth of Megasphaera sp., P. micra, B. longum (melittin) and Selenomonas flueggei (lactoferrin). Parasin-1 and LL-37 showed no activity. Conclusion: AMPs, especially nisin and to a smaller degree lactoferrin, might be promising alternatives to antibiotics because of their antimicrobial activity, high resistance to environmental conditions and partially low costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Enigk
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger Jentsch
- Center for Periodontology, Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arne C. Rodloff
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Klaus Eschrich
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Catalina-Suzana Stingu
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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35
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Kumar SD, Shin SY. Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of short dodecapeptides derived from duck cathelicidin: Plausible mechanism of bactericidal action and endotoxin neutralization. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 204:112580. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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36
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Agrillo B, Proroga YTR, Gogliettino M, Balestrieri M, Tatè R, Nicolais L, Palmieri G. A Safe and Multitasking Antimicrobial Decapeptide: The Road from De Novo Design to Structural and Functional Characterization. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6952. [PMID: 32971824 PMCID: PMC7555028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are excellent candidates to fight multi-resistant pathogens worldwide and are considered promising bio-preservatives to control microbial spoilage through food processing. To date, designing de novo AMPs with high therapeutic indexes, low-cost synthesis, high resistance, and bioavailability, remains a challenge. In this study, a novel decapeptide, named RiLK1, was rationally designed starting from the sequence of the previously characterized AMP 1018-K6, with the aim of developing short peptides, and promoting higher selectivity over mammalian cells, antibacterial activity, and structural resistance under different salt, pH, and temperature conditions. Interestingly, RiLK1 displayed a broad-spectrum of bactericidal activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including multidrug resistant clinical isolates of Salmonella species, with Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) values in low micromolar range, and it was effective even against two fungal pathogens with no evidence of cytotoxicity on human keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Moreover, RiLK1-activated polypropylene films were revealed to efficiently prevent the growth of microbial spoilage, possibly improving the shelf life of fresh food products. These results suggested that de novo designed peptide RiLK1 could be the first candidate for the development of a promising class of decameric and multitask antimicrobial agents to overcome drug-resistance phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yolande T. R. Proroga
- Department of Food Microbiology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Marta Gogliettino
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council (IBBR-CNR), 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Marco Balestrieri
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council (IBBR-CNR), 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Rosarita Tatè
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, National Research Council (IGB-CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | | | - Gianna Palmieri
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council (IBBR-CNR), 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.G.); (M.B.)
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37
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Yang L, Liu Y, Wang N, Wang H, Wang K, Luo XL, Dai RX, Tao RJ, Wang HJ, Yang JW, Tao GQ, Qu JM, Ge BX, Li YY, Xu JF. Albumin-Based LL37 Peptide Nanoparticles as a Sustained Release System against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lung Infection. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 7:1817-1826. [PMID: 33966375 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) has emerged as a pressing challenge to pulmonary infection and lung damage. The LL37 peptide is an efficient antimicrobial agent against PA strains, but its application is limited because of fast clearance in vivo, biosafety concerns, and low bioavailability. Thus, an albumin-based nanodrug delivery system with reduction sensitivity was developed by forming intermolecular disulfide bonds to increase in vivo LL37 performance against PA. Cationic LL37 can be efficiently encapsulated via electrostatic interactions to exert improved antimicrobial effects. The LL37 peptide exhibits greater than 48 h of sustained released from LL37 peptide nanoparticles (LL37 PNP), and prolonged antimicrobial effects were noted as the incubation time increased. Levels of inflammatory cytokines secreted by peritoneal macrophages, including TNF-α and IL-6, were reduced significantly after LL37 PNP treatment following PA stimulation, indicating that LL37 PNP inhibits PA growth and exerts anti-inflammatory effects in vitro. In a murine model of acute PA lung infection, LL37 PNP significantly reduced TNF-α and IL-1β expression and alleviated lung damage. The accelerated clearance of PA indicates that LL37 PNP could improve PA lung infection and the subsequent inflammation response more efficiently compared with free LL37 peptide. In conclusion, this excellent biocompatible LL37 delivery strategy may serve as an alternative approach for the application of new types of clinical treatment in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Kun Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, PR China.,Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Xiao-Li Luo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ruo-Xuan Dai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ru-Jia Tao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Huai-Ji Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, PR China.,Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Jia-Wei Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guo-Qing Tao
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jie-Ming Qu
- Ruijin Hospital, Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Bao-Xue Ge
- Clinical Translation Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yong-Yong Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, PR China.,Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Jin-Fu Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
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Alford MA, Baquir B, Santana FL, Haney EF, Hancock REW. Cathelicidin Host Defense Peptides and Inflammatory Signaling: Striking a Balance. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1902. [PMID: 32982998 PMCID: PMC7481365 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Host-defense peptides (HDPs) are vital components of innate immunity in all vertebrates. While their antibacterial activity toward bacterial cells was the original focus for research, their ability to modulate immune and inflammatory processes has emerged as one of their major functions in the host and as a promising approach from which to develop novel therapeutics targeting inflammation and innate immunity. In this review, with particular emphasis on the cathelicidin family of peptides, the roles of natural HDPs are examined in managing immune activation, cellular recruitment, cytokine responses, and inflammation in response to infection, as well as their contribution(s) to various inflammatory disorders and autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, we discuss current efforts to develop synthetic HDPs as therapeutics aimed at restoring balance to immune responses that are dysregulated and contribute to disease pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan A. Alford
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Beverlie Baquir
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Felix L. Santana
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Evan F. Haney
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Robert E. W. Hancock
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Kaur N, Dilawari R, Kaur A, Sahni G, Rishi P. Recombinant expression, purification and PEGylation of Paneth cell peptide (cryptdin-2) with value added attributes against Staphylococcus aureus. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12164. [PMID: 32699335 PMCID: PMC7376037 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptdins are disulfide-rich cationic antimicrobial peptides secreted by mouse Paneth cells and are known to exhibit potent antimicrobial activity against various deadly pathogens. Keeping in view the extremely low yield obtained from mouse Paneth cells and high cost of synthetic peptide(s), herein, we have attempted to produce cryptdin-2 in Escherichia coli using recombinant technology. To avoid lethal effects of peptide on the host cells, cryptdin-2 was expressed as a fusion protein with thioredoxin as fusion partner which yielded 40 mg/L protein in the soluble fraction. Subsequently, mature cryptdin-2 was cleaved from the fusion partner and purified by cation exchange chromatography. Since conjugation of poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG) has been known to improve the biological properties of biomolecules, therefore, we further attempted to prepare PEG-conjugated variant of cryptdin-2 using thiol specific PEGylation. Though the antimicrobial activity of PEGylated cryptdin-2 was compromised to some extent, but it was found to have enhanced serum stability for longer duration as compared to its un-modified forms. Also, it was found to exhibit reduced toxicity to the host cells. Further, its synergism with gentamicin suggests that PEGylated cryptdin-2 can be used with conventional antibiotics, thereby indicating its possibility to be used as an adjunct therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.,CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector-39A, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rahul Dilawari
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector-39A, Chandigarh, India
| | - Amrita Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Girish Sahni
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector-39A, Chandigarh, India
| | - Praveen Rishi
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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Mercer DK, Torres MDT, Duay SS, Lovie E, Simpson L, von Köckritz-Blickwede M, de la Fuente-Nunez C, O'Neil DA, Angeles-Boza AM. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Antimicrobial Peptides to Better Predict Efficacy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:326. [PMID: 32733816 PMCID: PMC7358464 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During the development of antimicrobial peptides (AMP) as potential therapeutics, antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) stands as an essential part of the process in identification and optimisation of candidate AMP. Standard methods for AST, developed almost 60 years ago for testing conventional antibiotics, are not necessarily fit for purpose when it comes to determining the susceptibility of microorganisms to AMP. Without careful consideration of the parameters comprising AST there is a risk of failing to identify novel antimicrobials at a time when antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is leading the planet toward a post-antibiotic era. More physiologically/clinically relevant AST will allow better determination of the preclinical activity of drug candidates and allow the identification of lead compounds. An important consideration is the efficacy of AMP in biological matrices replicating sites of infection, e.g., blood/plasma/serum, lung bronchiolar lavage fluid/sputum, urine, biofilms, etc., as this will likely be more predictive of clinical efficacy. Additionally, specific AST for different target microorganisms may help to better predict efficacy of AMP in specific infections. In this manuscript, we describe what we believe are the key considerations for AST of AMP and hope that this information can better guide the preclinical development of AMP toward becoming a new generation of urgently needed antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcelo D. T. Torres
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, Penn Institute for Computational Science, and Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Searle S. Duay
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Emma Lovie
- NovaBiotics Ltd, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, Penn Institute for Computational Science, and Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Alfredo M. Angeles-Boza
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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41
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Kumagai Y, Murakami T, Kuwahara-Arai, Iba T, Reich J, Nagaoka I. Antimicrobial peptide LL-37 ameliorates a murine sepsis model via the induction of microvesicle release from neutrophils. Innate Immun 2020; 26:565-579. [PMID: 32600088 PMCID: PMC7556193 DOI: 10.1177/1753425920936754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening disease caused by systemic dys-regulated inflammatory response to infection. We previously revealed that LL-37, a human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, improves the survival of cecal ligation and puncture septic mice. Ectosomes, microvesicles released from neutrophils, are reported to be elevated in sepsis survivors; however, the functions of ectosomes in sepsis remain largely unknown. Therefore, we herein elucidated the protective action of LL-37 on sepsis, by focusing on LL-37-induced ectosome release in a cecal ligation and puncture model. The results demonstrated the enhancement of ectosome levels by LL-37 administration, accompanied by a reduction of bacterial load. Importantly, ectosomes isolated from LL-37-injected cecal ligation and puncture mice contained higher amounts of antimicrobial proteins/peptides and exhibited higher antibacterial activity, compared with those from PBS-injected cecal ligation and puncture mice, suggesting that LL-37 induces the release of ectosomes with antibacterial potential in vivo. Actually, LL-37 stimulated mouse bone-marrow neutrophils to release ectosomes ex vivo, and the LL-37-induced ectosomes possessed antibacterial potential. Furthermore, administration of LL-37-induced ectosomes reduced the bacterial load and improved the survival of cecal ligation and puncture mice. Together these observations suggest LL-37 induces the release of antimicrobial ectosomes in cecal ligation and puncture mice, thereby reducing the bacterial load and protecting mice from lethal septic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Kumagai
- Department of Host Defense and Biochemical Research, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Taisuke Murakami
- Department of Host Defense and Biochemical Research, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kuwahara-Arai
- Department of Microbiology, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Iba
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | | | - Isao Nagaoka
- Department of Host Defense and Biochemical Research, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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42
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43
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Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of the EeCentrocin 1 derived peptide EC1-17KV via membrane disruption. EBioMedicine 2020; 55:102775. [PMID: 32403086 PMCID: PMC7218270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation of pathogenic microbes exacerbate the difficulties of anti-infection therapy in the clinic. The structural modification of antimicrobial peptides (AMP) is an effective strategy to develop novel anti-infective agents. Method Seventeen amino acids (AA) in the longer chain of EeCentrocin 1 (from the edible sea-urchin Echinus esculentus) were truncated and underwent further modification. To produce lead peptides with low toxicity and high efficacy, the antimicrobial activity or cytotoxicity of peptides was evaluated against various multidrug-resistant bacteria/fungi or mammalian cells in vivo/ in vitro. In addition, the stability and modes of action of the lead peptide were investigated. Findings EC1-17KV displayed potent activity and an expanded antimicrobial spectrum, especially against drug-resistant gram-negative bacteria and fungi, attributable to its enhanced amphiphilicity and net charge. In addition, it exhibits bactericidal/fungicidal activity and effectively increased the animal survival rate and mitigated the histopathological damage induced by multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa or C. albicans in infected mice or G. mellonella. Moreover, EC1-17KV had a poor ability to induce resistance in bacteria and fungi and exhibited desirable high-salt/high-temperature tolerance properties. In bacteria, EC1-17KV promoted divalent cation release to damage bacterial membrane integrity. In fungi, it changed C. albicans membrane fluidity to increase membrane permeabilization or reduced hyphal formation to suppress biofilm formation. Interpretation EC1-17KV is a promising lead peptide for the development of antimicrobial agents against antibiotic resistant bacteria and fungi. Funding This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81673483, 81803591); National Science and Technology Major Project Foundation of China (2019ZX09721001-004-005); National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFA0902000); "Double First-Class" University project (CPU2018GF/GY16); Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China (No. BK20180563); and A Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
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44
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Patras KA, Coady A, Babu P, Shing SR, Ha AD, Rooholfada E, Brandt SL, Geriak M, Gallo RL, Nizet V. Host Cathelicidin Exacerbates Group B Streptococcus Urinary Tract Infection. mSphere 2020; 5:e00932-19. [PMID: 32321824 PMCID: PMC7178553 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00932-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) causes frequent urinary tract infection (UTI) in susceptible populations, including individuals with type 2 diabetes and pregnant women; however, specific host factors responsible for increased GBS susceptibility in these populations are not well characterized. Here, we investigate cathelicidin, a cationic antimicrobial peptide, known to be critical for defense during UTI with uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). We observed a loss of antimicrobial activity of human and mouse cathelicidins against GBS and UPEC in synthetic urine and no evidence for increased cathelicidin resistance in GBS urinary isolates. Furthermore, we found that GBS degrades cathelicidin in a protease-dependent manner. Surprisingly, in a UTI model, cathelicidin-deficient (Camp-/-) mice showed decreased GBS burdens and mast cell recruitment in the bladder compared to levels in wild-type (WT) mice. Pharmacologic inhibition of mast cells reduced GBS burdens and histamine release in WT but not Camp-/- mice. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice had increased bladder cathelicidin production and mast cell recruitment at 24 h postinfection with GBS compared to levels in nondiabetic controls. We propose that cathelicidin is an important immune regulator but ineffective antimicrobial peptide against GBS in urine. Combined, our findings may in part explain the increased frequency of GBS UTI in diabetic and pregnant individuals.IMPORTANCE Certain populations such as diabetic individuals are at increased risk for developing urinary tract infections (UTI), although the underlying reasons for this susceptibility are not fully known. Additionally, diabetics are more likely to become infected with certain types of bacteria, such as group B Streptococcus (GBS). In this study, we find that an antimicrobial peptide called cathelicidin, which is thought to protect the bladder from infection, is ineffective in controlling GBS and alters the type of immune cells that migrate to the bladder during infection. Using a mouse model of diabetes, we observe that diabetic mice are more susceptible to GBS infection even though they also have more infiltrating immune cells and increased production of cathelicidin. Taken together, our findings identify this antimicrobial peptide as a potential contributor to increased susceptibility of diabetic individuals to GBS UTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Patras
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alison Coady
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Priyanka Babu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Samuel R Shing
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Albert D Ha
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Emma Rooholfada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Stephanie L Brandt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Richard L Gallo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Victor Nizet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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45
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Ma L, Xie X, Liu H, Huang Y, Wu H, Jiang M, Xu P, Ye X, Zhou C. Potent antibacterial activity of MSI-1 derived from the magainin 2 peptide against drug-resistant bacteria. Theranostics 2020; 10:1373-1390. [PMID: 31938070 PMCID: PMC6956804 DOI: 10.7150/thno.39157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The structural modification of existing AMPs is an effective strategy to develop antimicrobial agents with high-efficiency, low-cost and low-toxicity antimicrobial agents. Methods: Here, we truncated 14-amino-acids at the N-terminus of MSI-78 to obtain MSI and further modified MSI to obtain four peptide analogs: MSI-1, MSI-2, MSI-3 and MSI-4. These peptide mutants were evaluated regarding their antibacterial activity against various sensitive or resistant bacteria; toxicity against mammalian cells or mice; and stability against violent pH, temperature variations and high NaCl concentrations. Finally, we also elucidated the possible mechanisms underlying its mode of action. Results: The results showed that MSI-1 and MSI-3 displayed activity that was superior to that of MSI-78 with MICs of 4-16 μg/ml and MBCs of 8-64 μg/ml, respectively, especially against drug-resistant bacteria, due to the increase in percent helicity and amphiphilicity. However, MSI-3, with higher hydrophobicity and antibacterial activity, had a relatively higher hemolysis rate and toxicity than MSI-1. MSI-1 exerted rapid bactericidal activity and effectively improved the survival rate and wound closure in penicillin-resistant E. coli-infected mice by eliminating bacterial counts in mouse organs or subeschar, further inhibiting the systemic dissemination of bacteria. Additionally, MSI-1 displayed perfect stability against violent pH, temperature variations and high NaCl concentrations and has the ability to circumvent the development of drug resistance. In terms of the mode of action, we found that at the super-MIC level, MSI-1 exhibited direct antimicrobial activity by disrupting the integrity of the bacterial cell membrane, while at the sub-MIC level, it bound to bacterial DNA to inhibit DNA replication and protein expression and ultimately disrupted bacterial biological function. Conclusions: This novel peptide MSI-1 could be a potential candidate for drug development against infection induced by drug-resistant bacteria.
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Crauwels P, Bank E, Walber B, Wenzel UA, Agerberth B, Chanyalew M, Abebe M, König R, Ritter U, Reiling N, van Zandbergen G. Cathelicidin Contributes to the Restriction of Leishmania in Human Host Macrophages. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2697. [PMID: 31824492 PMCID: PMC6883804 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In cutaneous Leishmaniasis the parasitic control in human host macrophages is still poorly understood. We found an increased expression of the human cathelicidin CAMP in skin lesions of Ethiopian patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis. Vitamin D driven, Cathelicidin-type antimicrobial peptides (CAMP) play an important role in the elimination of invading microorganisms. Recombinant cathelicidin was able to induce cell-death characteristics in Leishmania in a dose dependent manner. Using human primary macrophages, we demonstrated pro-inflammatory macrophages (hMDM1) to express a higher level of human cathelicidin, both on gene and protein level, compared to anti-inflammatory macrophages (hMDM2). Activating the CAMP pathway using Vitamin D in hMDM1 resulted in a cathelicidin-mediated-Leishmania restriction. Finally, a reduction of cathelicidin in hMDM1, using a RNA interference (RNAi) approach, increased Leishmania parasite survival. In all, these data show the human cathelicidin to contribute to the innate immune response against Leishmaniasis in a human primary cell model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Crauwels
- Division of Immunology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Langen, Germany.,Institute for Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Clinic of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Elena Bank
- Division of Immunology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Langen, Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Clinic of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bianca Walber
- Division of Immunology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Langen, Germany
| | - Ulf Alexander Wenzel
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Clinic of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Institute of Biomedicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Agerberth
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Menberework Chanyalew
- Research and Innovation Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Markos Abebe
- Research and Innovation Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Renate König
- Research Group "Host-Pathogen Interactions", Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Langen, Germany
| | - Uwe Ritter
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Reiling
- Division of Microbial Interface Biology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - Ger van Zandbergen
- Division of Immunology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Langen, Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Clinic of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Institute of Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.,Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Mohan NM, Zorgani A, Jalowicki G, Kerr A, Khaldi N, Martins M. Unlocking NuriPep 1653 From Common Pea Protein: A Potent Antimicrobial Peptide to Tackle a Pan-Drug Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2086. [PMID: 31620099 PMCID: PMC6759681 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
While the antibiotic era has come and gone, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) hold promise as novel therapies to treat multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens in an age where the threat of multidrug resistance escalates worldwide. Here, we report the bactericidal properties of NuriPep 1653, a novel 22 mer and non-modified peptide. NuriPep 1653 was identified within the sequence of the non-antimicrobial P54 protein, which is involved in nutrient reservoir activity in Pisum sativum. Total bacterial clearance of Acinetobacter baumannii cells (1 × 108 cells/mL) was observed using only 4 × MIC (48 μg/mL) of NuriPep 1653 after just 20 min of treatment. We uncovered a synergistic interaction between NuriPep 1653 and another antimicrobial peptide, colistin. The MIC of NuriPep 1653 and colistin dropped from 12 and 8 μg/mL to 2 and 1 μg/mL, respectively, when they were combined. NuriPep 1653 exhibits no cytotoxicity in different human cell lines and has a low propensity to induce bacterial resistance in a colistin resistant clinical isolate of A. baumannii. The existence of these peptides embedded in proteins unearths potentially new classes of antimicrobials with activity against clinically relevant pathogens. Our findings push the boundaries of traditional peptide discovery and represent a leading edge for natural bioactive compounds which may have a common existence in nature but remain unexposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Maire Mohan
- Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Nuritas Limited, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | - Marta Martins
- Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Qiao X, Yang H, Gao J, Zhang F, Chu P, Yang Y, Zhang M, Wang Y, Yu H. Diversity, immunoregulatory action and structure-activity relationship of green sea turtle cathelicidins. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 98:189-204. [PMID: 31121185 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cathelicidins are a family of gene-encoded immune effectors in vertebrate innate immunity. Here, we reported the diversity and biological activity of cathelicidins in green sea turtle, a marine reptile species known for long lifespan and disease resistance. Four novel cathelicidins (Cm-CATH1-4) were identified from green sea turtle. All of them, especially Cm-CATH2, exhibited potent, broad-spectrum and rapid bactericidal and anti-biofilm activities by inducing the disruption of cell membrane integrity. Additionally, Cm-CATH2 effectively induced the macrophages/monocytes and neutrophils trafficking to the infection site, and inhibited the LPS-induced production of inflammatory cytokines, by blocking TLR4/MD2 complex and the downstream signaling pathway activation. In mouse peritonitis and pneumonia models, Cm-CATH2 exhibited evident protection against drug-resistant bacterial infections. Taken together, the diverse structures and functions of Cm-CATHs indicated their pleiotropic role in innate immunity of green sea turtle, and the potent antimicrobial, anti-biofilm and immunomodulatory properties make them ideal candidates for the development of novel anti-infective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Qiao
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China
| | - Huaixin Yang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China
| | - Jiuxiang Gao
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China
| | - Fen Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Peng Chu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China
| | - Yongliang Yang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China
| | - Minghui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Yipeng Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
| | - Haining Yu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China.
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Suzuki K, Ohkuma M, Nagaoka I. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide and antimicrobial LL-37 enhance ICAM-1 expression and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation in senescent endothelial cells. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:1187-1196. [PMID: 31364735 PMCID: PMC6713406 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is associated with the induction of a proinflammatory phenotype. Notably, senescent endothelial cells are detected at the sites of atherosclerotic lesions, suggesting the involvement of senescent endothelial cells in atherogenesis. Moreover, bacterial infection has been speculated to contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The present study investigated the effects of Gram‑negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LL‑37 (a human antimicrobial peptide of the cathelicidin family), on senescent endothelial cells, using serially passaged human endothelial cells. The results indicated that senescent endothelial cells exhibited the basal proinflammatory phenotype, as evidenced by higher intercellular adhesion molecule‑1 (ICAM‑1) expression and NF‑κB p65 phosphorylation, compared with non‑senescent cells. Additionally, exposure to LPS and LL‑37 further enhanced the expression of ICAM‑1 in senescent endothelial cells, compared with non‑senescent cells. Of note, the NF‑κB p65 pathway was more activated in senescent endothelial cells stimulated with LPS and LL‑37. Furthermore, the expression levels of the receptors for LPS and LL‑37 [toll‑like receptor 4 (TLR4) and purinergic receptor P2X 7 (P2X7), respectively] were upregulated in senescent endothelial cells. These observations indicated that LPS and LL‑37 enhanced the ICAM‑1 expression and NF‑κB p65 activation in senescent endothelial cells, potentially via the upregulated TLR4 and P2X7. Thus, senescent endothelial cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis via the basal proinflammatory phenotype and the enhanced inflammatory responses against atherogenic factors, including LPS and LL‑37.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Suzuki
- Department of Host Defense and Biochemical Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113‑8421, Japan
| | - Mari Ohkuma
- Department of Host Defense and Biochemical Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113‑8421, Japan
| | - Isao Nagaoka
- Department of Host Defense and Biochemical Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113‑8421, Japan
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50
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Febriza A, Hatta M, Natzir R, Kasim VN, Idrus HH. Activity of Antimicrobial Peptide; Cathelicidin, on Bacterial Infection. Open Biochem J 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1874091x01913010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptide is an effector molecule from the natural immune system which plays a central role in defense as an antimicrobial. Cathelicidin is one of the antimicrobial peptides. Human only has one cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide called LL-37 or hCAP18. The detailed mechanism on CAMP (Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptide) gene regulation is still unknown, however, cathelicidin is found to have upregulation when there is bacterial infection. The most effective expression inducer of CAMP gene is 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3(1,25(OH)2D3), which is the active form of vitamin D. Vitamin D mediates cathelicidin synthesis through the expression of Vitamin D Receptor (VDR), then the interaction activates CAMP gene to express cathelicidin. The work mechanisms of cathelicidin against bacterial infection include damaging the bacterial cell membrane, inducing autophagy process of macrophage cell, neutralizing LPS produced by bacteria, and chemotactic activities of PMNs, monocytes and lymphocytes.
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