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Alasady MJ, Mendillo ML. The Heat Shock Factor Code: specifying a diversity of transcriptional regulatory programs broadly promoting stress resilience. Cell Stress Chaperones 2024:S1355-8145(24)00125-1. [PMID: 39454718 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstres.2024.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2024] [Revised: 10/19/2024] [Accepted: 10/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The Heat Shock Factor (HSF) family of transcription factors drives gene expression programs that maintain cytosolic protein homeostasis (proteostasis) in response to a vast array of physiological and exogenous stressors. The importance of HSF function has been demonstrated in numerous physiological and pathological contexts. Evidence accumulating over the last two decades has revealed that the regulatory programs driven by the HSF family can vary dramatically depending on the context in which it is activated. To broadly maintain proteostasis across these contexts, HSFs must bind and appropriately regulate the correct target genes at the correct time. Here we discuss "the heat shock factor code" - our current understanding of how human cells use HSF paralog diversification and interplay, local concentration, post-translational modifications (PTMs), and interactions with other proteins to enable the functional plasticity required for cellular resilience across a multitude of environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad J Alasady
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA; Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Marc L Mendillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA; Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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2
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Mayer MP. Hsf1 and Hsf2 in normal, healthy human tissues: Immunohistochemistry provokes new questions. Cell Stress Chaperones 2024; 29:437-439. [PMID: 38641046 PMCID: PMC11067330 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstres.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The heat shock transcription factors heat shock transcription factor 1 and Hsf2 have been studied for many years, mainly in the context of stress response and in malignant cells. Their physiological function in nonmalignant human cells under nonstress conditions is still largely unknown. To approach this important issue, Joutsen et al. present immunohistochemical staining data on Hsf1 and Hsf2 in 80 nonpathological human tissue samples. The wealth of these data elicits many interesting questions that will spur many future research projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias P Mayer
- Center for Molecular Biology Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH-Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.
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3
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Huang X, Wang C, Zhang T, Li R, Chen L, Leung KL, Lakso M, Zhou Q, Zhang H, Wong G. PIWI-interacting RNA expression regulates pathogenesis in a Caenorhabditis elegans model of Lewy body disease. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6137. [PMID: 37783675 PMCID: PMC10545829 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41881-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression, yet their molecular functions in neurobiology are unclear. While investigating neurodegeneration mechanisms using human α-syn(A53T)Tg and AβTg;α-syn(A53T)Tg pan-neuronal overexpressing strains, we unexpectedly observed dysregulation of piRNAs. RNAi screening revealed that knock down of piRNA biogenesis genes improved thrashing behavior; further, a tofu-1 gene deletion ameliorated phenotypic deficits in α-syn(A53T)Tg and AβTg;α-syn(A53T)Tg transgenic strains. piRNA expression was extensively downregulated and H3K9me3 marks were decreased after tofu-1 deletion in α-syn(A53T)Tg and AβTg;α-syn(A53T)Tg strains. Dysregulated piRNAs targeted protein degradation genes suggesting that a decrease of piRNA expression leads to an increase of degradation ability in C. elegans. Finally, we interrogated piRNA expression in brain samples from PD patients. piRNAs were observed to be widely overexpressed at late motor stage. In this work, our results provide evidence that piRNAs are mediators in pathogenesis of Lewy body diseases and suggest a molecular mechanism for neurodegeneration in these and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
- Cancer Centre, Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macau, China
| | - Changliang Wang
- Cancer Centre, Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macau, China
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510799, China
| | - Tianjiao Zhang
- Cancer Centre, Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macau, China
| | - Rongzhen Li
- Cancer Centre, Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macau, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Ka Lai Leung
- Cancer Centre, Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macau, China
| | - Merja Lakso
- Cancer Centre, Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macau, China
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- Cancer Centre, Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macau, China
| | - Garry Wong
- Cancer Centre, Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macau, China.
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Gabriel S, Czerny T, Riegel E. Repression motif in HSF1 regulated by phosphorylation. Cell Signal 2023; 110:110813. [PMID: 37468051 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is a transcription factor that itself is a sensor for stress and integrates various intrinsic or environmental stress sensing pathways. Thus HSF1 orchestrates the heat shock response (HSR) by translating these pathways into a distinct transcriptional program that aids the cells to cope with and adapt to proteotoxic stress. Although heavily researched the regulation of HSF1 activation is still not completely understood. A conserved reaction to stress is the hyperphosphorylation of the otherwise confined constitutive phosphorylated HSF1. Therefore, this stress specific phosphorylation is believed to be involved in the regulatory mechanism and hence, was and is focus of many studies, ascribing various effects to single phosphorylation sites. To gain additional insight into effects of phosphorylation, HSF1 carrying amino acid substitutions on up to 18 amino acids were tested for their transactivation potential on an HSR reporter plasmid. A pattern of eleven phosphor-mimicking and diminishing amino acid substitutions on well-known phosphorylation sites of HSF1 were introduced to produce transcriptional active [11 M(+)] or repressed [11 M(-)] phenotypes. It could be confirmed that heat activates HSF1 regardless of phosphorylation. Distinct cellular stress, obtained by chemical HSR inducers or mimicked by a constitutively active HSF1, showed clear differences in the activation potential of HSF1-11 M(+) and 11 M(-). Further refinement to the single amino acid level identified the S303/307 double-phosphorylation motif, wherein phosphorylation of S303 was sole responsible for the repressing effect. The effect could be reproduced in different cell lines and is not entirely based on degradation. A small repression motif could be dissociated from the HSF1 context, which is still capable of repressing the background transcription of a specifically designed reporter plasmid. Taken together these results indicate, that besides already described mechanisms of pS303/307 mediated repression of HSF1 activation, an additional mechanism repressing the transcriptional output of the entire HSE containing promoter is mediated by this small repressive motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Gabriel
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences, FH Campus Wien, Favoritenstraße 222, A-1100 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Czerny
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences, FH Campus Wien, Favoritenstraße 222, A-1100 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Riegel
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences, FH Campus Wien, Favoritenstraße 222, A-1100 Vienna, Austria.
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Kim H, Gomez-Pastor R. HSF1 and Its Role in Huntington's Disease Pathology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1410:35-95. [PMID: 36396925 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is the master transcriptional regulator of the heat shock response (HSR) in mammalian cells and is a critical element in maintaining protein homeostasis. HSF1 functions at the center of many physiological processes like embryogenesis, metabolism, immune response, aging, cancer, and neurodegeneration. However, the mechanisms that allow HSF1 to control these different biological and pathophysiological processes are not fully understood. This review focuses on Huntington's disease (HD), a neurodegenerative disease characterized by severe protein aggregation of the huntingtin (HTT) protein. The aggregation of HTT, in turn, leads to a halt in the function of HSF1. Understanding the pathways that regulate HSF1 in different contexts like HD may hold the key to understanding the pathomechanisms underlying other proteinopathies. We provide the most current information on HSF1 structure, function, and regulation, emphasizing HD, and discussing its potential as a biological target for therapy. DATA SOURCES We performed PubMed search to find established and recent reports in HSF1, heat shock proteins (Hsp), HD, Hsp inhibitors, HSF1 activators, and HSF1 in aging, inflammation, cancer, brain development, mitochondria, synaptic plasticity, polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases, and HD. STUDY SELECTIONS Research and review articles that described the mechanisms of action of HSF1 were selected based on terms used in PubMed search. RESULTS HSF1 plays a crucial role in the progression of HD and other protein-misfolding related neurodegenerative diseases. Different animal models of HD, as well as postmortem brains of patients with HD, reveal a connection between the levels of HSF1 and HSF1 dysfunction to mutant HTT (mHTT)-induced toxicity and protein aggregation, dysregulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and disruption of the structural and functional integrity of synaptic connections, which eventually leads to neuronal loss. These features are shared with other neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Currently, several inhibitors against negative regulators of HSF1, as well as HSF1 activators, are developed and hold promise to prevent neurodegeneration in HD and other NDs. CONCLUSION Understanding the role of HSF1 during protein aggregation and neurodegeneration in HD may help to develop therapeutic strategies that could be effective across different NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuck Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rocio Gomez-Pastor
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Roos-Mattjus P, Sistonen L. Interplay between mammalian heat shock factors 1 and 2 in physiology and pathology. FEBS J 2022; 289:7710-7725. [PMID: 34478606 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The heat-shock factors (HSFs) belong to an evolutionary conserved family of transcription factors that were discovered already over 30 years ago. The HSFs have been shown to a have a broad repertoire of target genes, and they also have crucial functions during normal development. Importantly, HSFs have been linked to several disease states, such as neurodegenerative disorders and cancer, highlighting their importance in physiology and pathology. However, it is still unclear how HSFs are regulated and how they choose their specific target genes under different conditions. Posttranslational modifications and interplay among the HSF family members have been shown to be key regulatory mechanisms for these transcription factors. In this review, we focus on the mammalian HSF1 and HSF2, including their interplay, and provide an updated overview of the advances in understanding how HSFs are regulated and how they function in multiple processes of development, aging, and disease. We also discuss HSFs as therapeutic targets, especially the recently reported HSF1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Roos-Mattjus
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biochemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Lea Sistonen
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
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Tokunaga Y, Otsuyama KI, Kakuta S, Hayashida N. Heat Shock Transcription Factor 2 Is Significantly Involved in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Cancer, Male Infertility, and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: The Novel Mechanisms of Several Severe Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213763. [PMID: 36430241 PMCID: PMC9691173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
HSF (heat shock transcription factor or heat shock factor) was discovered as a transcription factor indispensable for heat shock response. Although four classical HSFs were discovered in mammals and two major HSFs, HSF1 and HSF2, were cloned in the same year of 1991, only HSF1 was intensively studied because HSF1 can give rise to heat shock response through the induction of various HSPs' expression. On the other hand, HSF2 was not well studied for some time, which was probably due to an underestimate of HSF2 itself. Since the beginning of the 21st century, HSF2 research has progressed and many biologically significant functions of HSF2 have been revealed. For example, the roles of HSF2 in nervous system protection, inflammation, maintenance of mitosis and meiosis, and cancer cell survival and death have been gradually unveiled. However, we feel that the fact HSF2 has a relationship with various factors is not yet widely recognized; therefore, the biological significance of HSF2 has been underestimated. We strongly hope to widely communicate the significance of HSF2 to researchers and readers in broad research fields through this review. In addition, we also hope that many readers will have great interest in the molecular mechanism in which HSF2 acts as an active transcription factor and gene bookmarking mechanism of HSF2 during cell cycle progression, as is summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Tokunaga
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
- Institute of Gene Research, Yamaguchi University Science Research Center, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Otsuyama
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kakuta
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Naoki Hayashida
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-836-22-2359
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McManus CM, Lucci CM, Maranhão AQ, Pimentel D, Pimentel F, Rezende Paiva S. Response to heat stress for small ruminants: Physiological and genetic aspects. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.105028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Smith RS, Takagishi SR, Amici DR, Metz K, Gayatri S, Alasady MJ, Wu Y, Brockway S, Taiberg SL, Khalatyan N, Taipale M, Santagata S, Whitesell L, Lindquist S, Savas JN, Mendillo ML. HSF2 cooperates with HSF1 to drive a transcriptional program critical for the malignant state. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabj6526. [PMID: 35294249 PMCID: PMC8926329 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj6526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is well known for its role in the heat shock response (HSR), where it drives a transcriptional program comprising heat shock protein (HSP) genes, and in tumorigenesis, where it drives a program comprising HSPs and many noncanonical target genes that support malignancy. Here, we find that HSF2, an HSF1 paralog with no substantial role in the HSR, physically and functionally interacts with HSF1 across diverse types of cancer. HSF1 and HSF2 have notably similar chromatin occupancy and regulate a common set of genes that include both HSPs and noncanonical transcriptional targets with roles critical in supporting malignancy. Loss of either HSF1 or HSF2 results in a dysregulated response to nutrient stresses in vitro and reduced tumor progression in cancer cell line xenografts. Together, these findings establish HSF2 as a critical cofactor of HSF1 in driving a cancer cell transcriptional program to support the anabolic malignant state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger S. Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Seesha R. Takagishi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Tetrad Graduate Program, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - David R. Amici
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Kyle Metz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Sitaram Gayatri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Milad J. Alasady
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yaqi Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Master of Biotechnology Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Sonia Brockway
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Stephanie L. Taiberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Natalia Khalatyan
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Mikko Taipale
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Molecular Architecture of Life Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sandro Santagata
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Luke Whitesell
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Susan Lindquist
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jeffrey N. Savas
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Marc L. Mendillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Kanugovi Vijayavittal A, Kumar P, Sugunan S, Joseph C, Devaki B, Paithankar K, Amere Subbarao S. Heat shock transcription factor HSF2 modulates the autophagy response through the BTG2-SOD2 axis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 600:44-50. [PMID: 35182974 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The heat shock transcription factor HSF1 regulates the inducible Hsp gene transcription, whereas HSF2 is involved in the constitutive transcription. HSFs can work for the non-heat shock genes transcription in a case-specific manner to facilitate normal cellular functions. Here, we demonstrate that HSF2 acts as an upstream regulator of heat shock-induced autophagy response in a rat histiocytoma. The heat-induced HSF2 transactivates the B-cell translocation gene-2 (BTG2) transcription, and the latter acts as a transcriptional coactivator for superoxide dismutase (SOD2). The altered HSF2 promoter occupancy on the BTG2 promoter enhances BTG2 transcription. Since SOD2 regulation is linked to mitochondrial redox sensing, HSF2 appears to act as a redox sensor in deciding the cell fate. The HSF2 shRNA or NFE2L2/BTG2 siRNA treatments have interfered with the autophagy response. We demonstrate that HSF2 is an upstream activator of autophagy response, and the HSF2-BTG2-SOD2 axis acts as a switch between the non-selective (micro/macro) and selective (chaperone-mediated) autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Sreedevi Sugunan
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Chitra Joseph
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Bharath Devaki
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Khanderao Paithankar
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Sreedhar Amere Subbarao
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India.
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11
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Murugan NJ, Voutsadakis IA. Proteasome regulators in pancreatic cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:38-54. [PMID: 35116102 PMCID: PMC8790418 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i1.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is one of the most lethal cancers with rising incidence. Despite progress in its treatment, with the introduction of more effective chemotherapy regimens in the last decade, prognosis of metastatic disease remains inferior to other cancers with long term survival being the exception. Molecular characterization of pancreatic cancer has elucidated the landscape of the disease and has revealed common lesions that contribute to pancreatic carcinogenesis. Regulation of proteostasis is critical in cancers due to increased protein turnover required to support the intense metabolism of cancer cells. The proteasome is an integral part of this regulation and is regulated, in its turn, by key transcription factors, which induce transcription of proteasome structural units. These include FOXO family transcription factors, NFE2L2, hHSF1 and hHSF2, and NF-Y. Networks that encompass proteasome regulators and transduction pathways dysregulated in pancreatic cancer such as the KRAS/ BRAF/MAPK and the Transforming growth factor beta/SMAD pathway contribute to pancreatic cancer progression. This review discusses the proteasome and its transcription factors within the pancreatic cancer cellular micro-environment. We also consider the role of stemness in carcinogenesis and the use of proteasome inhibitors as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirosha J Murugan
- Department of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Sainte Marie P6A3T6, ON, Canada
| | - Ioannis A Voutsadakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sault Area Hospital, Sault Sainte Marie P6A3T6, ON, Canada
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12
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Chen F, Fan Y, Liu X, Zhang J, Shang Y, Zhang B, Liu B, Hou J, Cao P, Tan K. Pan-Cancer Integrated Analysis of HSF2 Expression, Prognostic Value and Potential Implications for Cancer Immunity. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:789703. [PMID: 35087869 PMCID: PMC8787226 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.789703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock factor 2 (HSF2), a transcription factor, plays significant roles in corticogenesis and spermatogenesis by regulating various target genes and signaling pathways. However, its expression, clinical significance and correlation with tumor-infiltrating immune cells across cancers have rarely been explored. In the present study, we comprehensively investigated the expression dysregulation and prognostic significance of HSF2, and the relationship with clinicopathological parameters and immune infiltration across cancers. The mRNA expression status of HSF2 was analyzed by TCGA, GTEx, and CCLE. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression were applied to explore the prognostic significance of HSF2 in different cancers. The relationship between HSF2 expression and DNA methylation, immune infiltration of different immune cells, immune checkpoints, tumor mutation burden (TMB), and microsatellite instability (MSI) were analyzed using data directly from the TCGA database. HSF2 expression was dysregulated in the human pan-cancer dataset. High expression of HSF2 was associated with poor overall survival (OS) in BRCA, KIRP, LIHC, and MESO but correlated with favorable OS in LAML, KIRC, and PAAD. The results of Cox regression and nomogram analyses revealed that HSF2 was an independent factor for KIRP, ACC, and LIHC prognosis. GO, KEGG, and GSEA results indicated that HSF2 was involved in various oncogenesis- and immunity-related signaling pathways. HSF2 expression was associated with TMB in 9 cancer types and associated with MSI in 5 cancer types, while there was a correlation between HSF2 expression and DNA methylation in 27 types of cancer. Additionally, HSF2 expression was correlated with immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint genes, and the tumor immune microenvironment in various cancers, indicating that HSF2 could be a potential therapeutic target for immunotherapy. Our findings revealed the important roles of HSF2 across different cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yumei Fan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaopeng Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yanan Shang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiajie Hou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Pengxiu Cao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ke Tan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Ke Tan,
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13
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Fan Y, Hou J, Liu X, Han B, Meng Y, Liu B, Chen F, Shang Y, Cao P, Tan K. Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis Identifies Heat Shock Factor 2 as a Prognostic Biomarker Associated With Immune Cell Infiltration in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Genet 2021; 12:668516. [PMID: 34917120 PMCID: PMC8669829 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.668516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies and ranks as the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Heat shock factor 2 (HSF2) is a transcription factor that plays a critical role in development, particularly corticogenesis and spermatogenesis. However, studies examining the expression and prognostic value of HSF2 and its association with tumor-infiltrating immune cells in HCC are still rare. In the present study, we found that HSF2 expression was significantly upregulated in HCC tissues compared with normal liver tissues using the TCGA, ICGC, GEO, UALCAN, HCCDB and HPA databases. High HSF2 expression was associated with shorter survival of patients with HCC. Cox regression analyses and nomogram were used to evaluate the association of HSF2 expression with the prognosis of patients with HCC. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that HSF2 was associated with various signaling pathways, including the immune response. Notably, HSF2 expression was significantly correlated with the infiltration levels of different immune cells using the TIMER database and CIBERSORT algorithm. HSF2 expression also displayed a significant correlation with multiple immune marker sets in HCC tissues. Knockdown of HSF2 significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion and colony formation ability of HCC cells. In summary, we explored the clinical significance of HSF2 and provided a therapeutic basis for the early diagnosis, prognostic judgment, and immunotherapy of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Fan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiajie Hou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaopeng Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bihui Han
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yanxiu Meng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yanan Shang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Pengxiu Cao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ke Tan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
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14
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Miao W, Yang YY, Wang Y. Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Revealed Broad Roles of N6-Methyladenosine in Heat Shock Response. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:3611-3620. [PMID: 34043365 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
As optimum temperature is essential for all living organisms, heat shock represents a challenging problem for their survival. Therefore, cellular response to heat shock is among the most extensively investigated stress response pathways; however, how the human proteome responds to heat shock has not been comprehensively investigated. In this study, we employed stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC), together with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, to fulfill an in-depth analysis of the alterations in the human proteome in M14 human melanoma cells in response to heat shock stress. We found that, after heat shock, 284 and 278 out of the 4319 quantified proteins were with substantially diminished and elevated expressions, respectively. We also examined the alterations in human kinome after heat shock by using our recently developed targeted proteomic method relying on parallel-reaction monitoring. Our results showed that the expression levels of 11 and 22 kinase proteins were increased and decreased, respectively, by at least 1.5-fold upon heat shock. By interrogating publicly available RNA-seq and m6A sequencing data, we observed that the elevated expression of more than 30 proteins, including CHEK1 and CCND3 kinases, could occur via an m6A-mediated mechanism. Furthermore, our results from single-base elongation and ligation-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) amplification (SELECT) and luciferase reporter assays revealed that heat shock gave rise to elevated m6A levels at A280 and A286 sites in the 5'-untranslated region of HSPH1 mRNA, thereby leading to increased translation of HSPH1 protein. Together, our discovery and targeted proteomic methods revealed the reprogramming of human proteome and kinome upon heat shock stress and provided insights into cellular responses toward heat shock stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Miao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, United States
| | - Yen-Yu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, United States
| | - Yinsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, United States
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15
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Lang BJ, Guerrero ME, Prince TL, Okusha Y, Bonorino C, Calderwood SK. The functions and regulation of heat shock proteins; key orchestrators of proteostasis and the heat shock response. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:1943-1970. [PMID: 34003342 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03070-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cells respond to protein-damaging (proteotoxic) stress by activation of the Heat Shock Response (HSR). The HSR provides cells with an enhanced ability to endure proteotoxic insults and plays a crucial role in determining subsequent cell death or survival. The HSR is, therefore, a critical factor that influences the toxicity of protein stress. While named for its vital role in the cellular response to heat stress, various components of the HSR system and the molecular chaperone network execute essential physiological functions as well as responses to other diverse toxic insults. The effector molecules of the HSR, the Heat Shock Factors (HSFs) and Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs), are also important regulatory targets in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases and cancers. Modulation of the HSR and/or its extended network have, therefore, become attractive treatment strategies for these diseases. Development of effective therapies will, however, require a detailed understanding of the HSR, important features of which continue to be uncovered and are yet to be completely understood. We review recently described and hallmark mechanistic principles of the HSR, the regulation and functions of HSPs, and contexts in which the HSR is activated and influences cell fate in response to various toxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Lang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Martin E Guerrero
- Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicine and Experimental Biology of Cuyo (IMBECU), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), 5500, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Thomas L Prince
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Yuka Okusha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Cristina Bonorino
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Stuart K Calderwood
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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16
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Joutsen J, Da Silva AJ, Luoto JC, Budzynski MA, Nylund AS, de Thonel A, Concordet JP, Mezger V, Sabéran-Djoneidi D, Henriksson E, Sistonen L. Heat Shock Factor 2 Protects against Proteotoxicity by Maintaining Cell-Cell Adhesion. Cell Rep 2021; 30:583-597.e6. [PMID: 31940498 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of protein homeostasis, through inducible expression of molecular chaperones, is essential for cell survival under protein-damaging conditions. The expression and DNA-binding activity of heat shock factor 2 (HSF2), a member of the heat shock transcription factor family, increase upon exposure to prolonged proteotoxicity. Nevertheless, the specific roles of HSF2 and the global HSF2-dependent gene expression profile during sustained stress have remained unknown. Here, we found that HSF2 is critical for cell survival during prolonged proteotoxicity. Strikingly, our RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses revealed that impaired viability of HSF2-deficient cells is not caused by inadequate induction of molecular chaperones but is due to marked downregulation of cadherin superfamily genes. We demonstrate that HSF2-dependent maintenance of cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion is required for protection against stress induced by proteasome inhibition. This study identifies HSF2 as a key regulator of cadherin superfamily genes and defines cell-cell adhesion as a determinant of proteotoxic stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Joutsen
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, 20520 Turku, Finland; Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Alejandro Jose Da Silva
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, 20520 Turku, Finland; Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Jens Christian Luoto
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, 20520 Turku, Finland; Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Marek Andrzej Budzynski
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, 20520 Turku, Finland; Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Anna Serafia Nylund
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, 20520 Turku, Finland; Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Aurelie de Thonel
- CNRS, UMR 7216 "Epigenetic and Cell Fate," 75250 Paris Cedex 13, France; University of Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75250 Paris Cedex 13, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire DHU PROTECT, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Paul Concordet
- INSERM U1154, CNRS UMR 7196, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Mezger
- CNRS, UMR 7216 "Epigenetic and Cell Fate," 75250 Paris Cedex 13, France; University of Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75250 Paris Cedex 13, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire DHU PROTECT, Paris, France
| | - Délara Sabéran-Djoneidi
- CNRS, UMR 7216 "Epigenetic and Cell Fate," 75250 Paris Cedex 13, France; University of Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75250 Paris Cedex 13, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire DHU PROTECT, Paris, France
| | - Eva Henriksson
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, 20520 Turku, Finland; Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Lea Sistonen
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, 20520 Turku, Finland; Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, 20520 Turku, Finland.
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17
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Santopolo S, Riccio A, Rossi A, Santoro MG. The proteostasis guardian HSF1 directs the transcription of its paralog and interactor HSF2 during proteasome dysfunction. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:1113-1129. [PMID: 32607595 PMCID: PMC11071745 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03568-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein homeostasis is essential for life in eukaryotes. Organisms respond to proteotoxic stress by activating heat shock transcription factors (HSFs), which play important roles in cytoprotection, longevity and development. Of six human HSFs, HSF1 acts as a proteostasis guardian regulating stress-induced transcriptional responses, whereas HSF2 has a critical role in development, in particular of brain and reproductive organs. Unlike HSF1, that is a stable protein constitutively expressed, HSF2 is a labile protein and its expression varies in different tissues; however, the mechanisms regulating HSF2 expression remain poorly understood. Herein we demonstrate that the proteasome inhibitor anticancer drug bortezomib (Velcade), at clinically relevant concentrations, triggers de novo HSF2 mRNA transcription in different types of cancers via HSF1 activation. Similar results were obtained with next-generation proteasome inhibitors ixazomib and carfilzomib, indicating that induction of HSF2 expression is a general response to proteasome dysfunction. HSF2-promoter analysis, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, and chromatin immunoprecipitation studies unexpectedly revealed that HSF1 is recruited to a heat shock element located at 1.397 bp upstream from the transcription start site in the HSF2-promoter. More importantly, we found that HSF1 is critical for HSF2 gene transcription during proteasome dysfunction, representing an interesting example of transcription factor involved in controlling the expression of members of the same family. Moreover, bortezomib-induced HSF2 was found to localize in the nucleus, interact with HSF1, and participate in bortezomib-mediated control of cancer cell migration. The results shed light on HSF2-expression regulation, revealing a novel level of HSF1/HSF2 interplay that may lead to advances in pharmacological modulation of these fundamental transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Santopolo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Riccio
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Rossi
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - M Gabriella Santoro
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy.
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, CNR, Rome, Italy.
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18
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Račková L, Csekes E. Proteasome Biology: Chemistry and Bioengineering Insights. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2909. [PMID: 33291646 PMCID: PMC7761984 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasomal degradation provides the crucial machinery for maintaining cellular proteostasis. The biological origins of modulation or impairment of the function of proteasomal complexes may include changes in gene expression of their subunits, ubiquitin mutation, or indirect mechanisms arising from the overall impairment of proteostasis. However, changes in the physico-chemical characteristics of the cellular environment might also meaningfully contribute to altered performance. This review summarizes the effects of physicochemical factors in the cell, such as pH, temperature fluctuations, and reactions with the products of oxidative metabolism, on the function of the proteasome. Furthermore, evidence of the direct interaction of proteasomal complexes with protein aggregates is compared against the knowledge obtained from immobilization biotechnologies. In this regard, factors such as the structures of the natural polymeric scaffolds in the cells, their content of reactive groups or the sequestration of metal ions, and processes at the interface, are discussed here with regard to their influences on proteasomal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Račková
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia;
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19
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Ohigashi I, Tanaka Y, Kondo K, Fujimori S, Kondo H, Palin AC, Hoffmann V, Kozai M, Matsushita Y, Uda S, Motosugi R, Hamazaki J, Kubota H, Murata S, Tanaka K, Katagiri T, Kosako H, Takahama Y. Trans-omics Impact of Thymoproteasome in Cortical Thymic Epithelial Cells. Cell Rep 2020; 29:2901-2916.e6. [PMID: 31775054 PMCID: PMC6897492 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The thymic function to produce self-protective and self-tolerant T cells is chiefly mediated by cortical thymic epithelial cells (cTECs) and medullary TECs (mTECs). Recent studies including single-cell transcriptomic analyses have highlighted a rich diversity in functional mTEC subpopulations. Because of their limited cellularity, however, the biochemical characterization of TECs, including the proteomic profiling of cTECs and mTECs, has remained unestablished. Utilizing genetically modified mice that carry enlarged but functional thymuses, here we show a combination of proteomic and transcriptomic profiles for cTECs and mTECs, which identified signature molecules that characterize a developmental and functional contrast between cTECs and mTECs. Our results reveal a highly specific impact of the thymoproteasome on proteasome subunit composition in cTECs and provide an integrated trans-omics platform for further exploration of thymus biology. Ohigashi et al. show that the use of cyclin D1-transgenic mice allows quantitative proteomic analysis of cortical and medullary thymic epithelial cells (TECs). Results provide a trans-omics platform for further exploration of TEC biology and reveal the specific impact of the thymoproteasome on proteasome subunit composition in cortical TECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izumi Ohigashi
- Division of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yu Tanaka
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kenta Kondo
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sayumi Fujimori
- Division of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kondo
- Division of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Amy C Palin
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Victoria Hoffmann
- Division of Veterinary Resources, Office of Research Services, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mina Kozai
- Division of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yosuke Matsushita
- Division of Genome Medicine, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Uda
- Division of Integrated Omics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ryo Motosugi
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Jun Hamazaki
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kubota
- Division of Integrated Omics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shigeo Murata
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Toyomasa Katagiri
- Division of Genome Medicine, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Kosako
- Division of Cell Signaling, Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yousuke Takahama
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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20
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Maier KC, Gressel S, Cramer P, Schwalb B. Native molecule sequencing by nano-ID reveals synthesis and stability of RNA isoforms. Genome Res 2020; 30:1332-1344. [PMID: 32887688 PMCID: PMC7545145 DOI: 10.1101/gr.257857.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic genes often generate a variety of RNA isoforms that can lead to functionally distinct protein variants. The synthesis and stability of RNA isoforms is poorly characterized because current methods to quantify RNA metabolism use short-read sequencing and cannot detect RNA isoforms. Here we present nanopore sequencing–based isoform dynamics (nano-ID), a method that detects newly synthesized RNA isoforms and monitors isoform metabolism. Nano-ID combines metabolic RNA labeling, long-read nanopore sequencing of native RNA molecules, and machine learning. Nano-ID derives RNA stability estimates and evaluates stability determining factors such as RNA sequence, poly(A)-tail length, secondary structure, translation efficiency, and RNA-binding proteins. Application of nano-ID to the heat shock response in human cells reveals that many RNA isoforms change their stability. Nano-ID also shows that the metabolism of individual RNA isoforms differs strongly from that estimated for the combined RNA signal at a specific gene locus. Nano-ID enables studies of RNA metabolism at the level of single RNA molecules and isoforms in different cell states and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin C Maier
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Saskia Gressel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Cramer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Björn Schwalb
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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21
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Duchateau A, de Thonel A, El Fatimy R, Dubreuil V, Mezger V. The "HSF connection": Pleiotropic regulation and activities of Heat Shock Factors shape pathophysiological brain development. Neurosci Lett 2020; 725:134895. [PMID: 32147500 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.134895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Heat Shock Factors (HSFs) have been historically identified as a family of transcription factors that are activated and work in a stress-responsive manner, after exposure to a large variety of stimuli. However, they are also critical in normal conditions, in a life long manner, in a number of physiological processes that encompass gametogenesis, embryonic development and the integrity of adult organs and organisms. The importance of such roles is emphasized by the devastating impact of their deregulation on health, ranging from reproductive failure, neurodevelopmental disorders, cancer, and aging pathologies, including neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we provide an overview of the delicate choreography of the regulation of HSFs during neurodevelopment, at prenatal and postnatal stages. The regulation of HSFs acts at multiple layers and steps, and comprises the control of (i) HSF mRNA and protein levels, (ii) HSF activity in terms of DNA-binding and transcription, (iii) HSF homo- and hetero-oligomerization capacities, and (iv) HSF combinatory set of post-translational modifications. We also describe how these regulatory mechanisms operate in the normal developing brain and how their perturbation impact neurodevelopment under prenatal or perinatal stress conditions. In addition, we put into perspective the possible role of HSFs in the evolution of the vertebrate brains and the importance of the HSF pathway in a large variety of neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Duchateau
- Université de Paris, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire DHU PROTECT, Paris, France; ED 562 BioSPC, Université de Paris, F-75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Aurélie de Thonel
- Université de Paris, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire DHU PROTECT, Paris, France
| | - Rachid El Fatimy
- Université de Paris, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire DHU PROTECT, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Dubreuil
- Université de Paris, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire DHU PROTECT, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Mezger
- Université de Paris, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire DHU PROTECT, Paris, France.
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22
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Sari G, Okat Z, Sahin A, Karademir B. Proteasome Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy and their Relation to Redox Regulation. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:5252-5267. [PMID: 30706779 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190201120013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Redox homeostasis is important for the maintenance of cell survival. Under physiological conditions, redox system works in a balance and involves activation of many signaling molecules. Regulation of redox balance via signaling molecules is achieved by different pathways and proteasomal system is a key pathway in this process. Importance of proteasomal system on signaling pathways has been investigated for many years. In this direction, many proteasome targeting molecules have been developed. Some of them are already in the clinic for cancer treatment and some are still under investigation to highlight underlying mechanisms. Although there are many studies done, molecular mechanisms of proteasome inhibitors and related signaling pathways need more detailed explanations. This review aims to discuss redox status and proteasomal system related signaling pathways. In addition, cancer therapies targeting proteasomal system and their effects on redox-related pathways have been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulce Sari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine / Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center, Marmara University, 34854 Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Okan University, 34959, Tuzla, I stanbul, Turkey
| | - Zehra Okat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine / Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center, Marmara University, 34854 Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Sahin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine / Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center, Marmara University, 34854 Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Betul Karademir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine / Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center, Marmara University, 34854 Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey
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23
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Morozov AV, Burov AV, Astakhova TM, Spasskaya DS, Margulis BA, Karpov VL. Dynamics of the Functional Activity and Expression of Proteasome Subunits during Cellular Adaptation to Heat Shock. Mol Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893319040071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Gressel S, Schwalb B, Cramer P. The pause-initiation limit restricts transcription activation in human cells. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3603. [PMID: 31399571 PMCID: PMC6689055 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11536-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic gene transcription is often controlled at the level of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) pausing in the promoter-proximal region. Pausing Pol II limits the frequency of transcription initiation ('pause-initiation limit'), predicting that the pause duration must be decreased for transcriptional activation. To test this prediction, we conduct a genome-wide kinetic analysis of the heat shock response in human cells. We show that the pause-initiation limit restricts transcriptional activation at most genes. Gene activation generally requires the activity of the P-TEFb kinase CDK9, which decreases the duration of Pol II pausing and thereby enables an increase in the productive initiation frequency. The transcription of enhancer elements is generally not pause limited and can be activated without CDK9 activity. Our results define the kinetics of Pol II transcriptional regulation in human cells at all gene classes during a natural transcription response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Gressel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Björn Schwalb
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Patrick Cramer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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25
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Sejian V, Bagath M, Krishnan G, Rashamol V, Pragna P, Devaraj C, Bhatta R. Genes for resilience to heat stress in small ruminants: A review. Small Rumin Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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26
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Joutsen J, Sistonen L. Tailoring of Proteostasis Networks with Heat Shock Factors. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2019; 11:cshperspect.a034066. [PMID: 30420555 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a034066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock factors (HSFs) are the main transcriptional regulators of the heat shock response and indispensable for maintaining cellular proteostasis. HSFs mediate their protective functions through diverse genetic programs, which are composed of genes encoding molecular chaperones and other genes crucial for cell survival. The mechanisms that are used to tailor HSF-driven proteostasis networks are not yet completely understood, but they likely comprise from distinct combinations of both genetic and proteomic determinants. In this review, we highlight the versatile HSF-mediated cellular functions that extend from cellular stress responses to various physiological and pathological processes, and we underline the key advancements that have been achieved in the field of HSF research during the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Joutsen
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland.,Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Lea Sistonen
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland.,Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
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27
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Sane S, Hafner A, Srinivasan R, Masood D, Slunecka JL, Noldner CJ, Hanson AD, Kruisselbrink T, Wang X, Wang Y, Yin J, Rezvani K. UBXN2A enhances CHIP-mediated proteasomal degradation of oncoprotein mortalin-2 in cancer cells. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:1753-1777. [PMID: 30107089 PMCID: PMC6166003 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of oncoproteins is a major cause of treatment failure using current chemotherapeutic drugs. Drug-induced degradation of oncoproteins is feasible and can improve clinical outcomes in diverse types of cancers. Mortalin-2 (mot-2) is a dominant oncoprotein in several tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC). In addition to inactivating the p53 tumor suppressor protein, mot-2 enhances tumor cell invasion and migration. Thus, mot-2 is considered a potential therapeutic target in several cancer types. The current study investigated the biological role of a ubiquitin-like protein called UBXN2A in the regulation of mot-2 turnover. An orthogonal ubiquitin transfer technology followed by immunoprecipitation, in vitro ubiquitination, and Magnetic Beads TUBE2 pull-down experiments revealed that UBXN2A promotes carboxyl terminus of the HSP70-interacting protein (CHIP)-dependent ubiquitination of mot-2. We subsequently showed that UBXN2A increases proteasomal degradation of mot-2. A subcellular compartmentalization experiment revealed that induced UBXN2A decreases the level of mot-2 and its chaperone partner, HSP60. Pharmacological upregulation of UBXN2A using a small molecule, veratridine (VTD), decreases the level of mot-2 in cancer cells. Consistent with the in vitro results, UBXN2A+/- mice exhibited selective elevation of mot-2 in colon tissues. An in vitro Anti-K48 TUBE isolation approach showed that recombinant UBXN2A enhances proteasomal degradation of mot-2 in mouse colon tissues. Finally, we observed enhanced association of CHIP with the UBXN2A-mot-2 complex in tumors in an azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium-induced mouse CRC model. The existence of a multiprotein complex containing UBXN2A, CHIP, and mot-2 suggests a synergistic tumor suppressor activity of UBXN2A and CHIP in mot-2-enriched tumors. This finding validates the UBXN2A-CHIP axis as a novel and potential therapeutic target in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanam Sane
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesSanford School of MedicineThe University of South DakotaVermillionSDUSA
| | - Andre Hafner
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesSanford School of MedicineThe University of South DakotaVermillionSDUSA
| | - Rekha Srinivasan
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesSanford School of MedicineThe University of South DakotaVermillionSDUSA
| | - Daniall Masood
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesSanford School of MedicineThe University of South DakotaVermillionSDUSA
| | - John l. Slunecka
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesSanford School of MedicineThe University of South DakotaVermillionSDUSA
| | - Collin J. Noldner
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesSanford School of MedicineThe University of South DakotaVermillionSDUSA
| | - Alex D. Hanson
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesSanford School of MedicineThe University of South DakotaVermillionSDUSA
| | - Taylor Kruisselbrink
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesSanford School of MedicineThe University of South DakotaVermillionSDUSA
| | - Xuejun Wang
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesSanford School of MedicineThe University of South DakotaVermillionSDUSA
| | - Yiyang Wang
- Department of ChemistryCenter for Diagnostics & TherapeuticsGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of ChemistryCenter for Diagnostics & TherapeuticsGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Khosrow Rezvani
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesSanford School of MedicineThe University of South DakotaVermillionSDUSA
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28
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Barna J, Csermely P, Vellai T. Roles of heat shock factor 1 beyond the heat shock response. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:2897-2916. [PMID: 29774376 PMCID: PMC11105406 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2836-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Various stress factors leading to protein damage induce the activation of an evolutionarily conserved cell protective mechanism, the heat shock response (HSR), to maintain protein homeostasis in virtually all eukaryotic cells. Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) plays a central role in the HSR. HSF1 was initially known as a transcription factor that upregulates genes encoding heat shock proteins (HSPs), also called molecular chaperones, which assist in refolding or degrading injured intracellular proteins. However, recent accumulating evidence indicates multiple additional functions for HSF1 beyond the activation of HSPs. Here, we present a nearly comprehensive list of non-HSP-related target genes of HSF1 identified so far. Through controlling these targets, HSF1 acts in diverse stress-induced cellular processes and molecular mechanisms, including the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response and ubiquitin-proteasome system, multidrug resistance, autophagy, apoptosis, immune response, cell growth arrest, differentiation underlying developmental diapause, chromatin remodelling, cancer development, and ageing. Hence, HSF1 emerges as a major orchestrator of cellular stress response pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Barna
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Stny. 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
- MTA-ELTE Genetics Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Csermely
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Vellai
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Stny. 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
- MTA-ELTE Genetics Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
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29
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Mishra R, Upadhyay A, Prajapati VK, Mishra A. Proteasome-mediated proteostasis: Novel medicinal and pharmacological strategies for diseases. Med Res Rev 2018; 38:1916-1973. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ribhav Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit; Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur; Rajasthan India
| | - Arun Upadhyay
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit; Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur; Rajasthan India
| | - Vijay Kumar Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry; School of Life Sciences; Central University of Rajasthan; Rajasthan India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit; Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur; Rajasthan India
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30
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Zhang X, Zhang M, Su Y, Wang Z, Zhao Q, Zhu H, Qian Z, Xu J, Tang S, Wu D, Lin Y, Kemper N, Hartung J, Bao E. Inhibition of heat stress-related apoptosis of chicken myocardial cells through inducing Hsp90 expression by aspirin administration in vivo. Br Poult Sci 2018; 59:308-317. [PMID: 29557194 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2018.1454585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
1. This experiment investigated the anti-apoptosis effects and the mechanism of aspirin action in the heat shock response of chicken myocardial cells in vivo, via changes in the heat stress (HS) protein Hsp90 and the rate of apoptosis. Broiler chickens were administered aspirin (1 mg/kg body weight) 2 h before exposure to HS, and then exposed to 40 ± 1°C for 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15 and 24 h. 2. The induction and consumption of the HS factor heat shock factor (HSF)-1, and reductions of HSF-2 and HSF-3 induced by HS led to a delay in Hsp90 expression. HSF-1, 2 and 3 regulation of hsp90 expression in turn inhibited the synthesis and activation of protein kinase β (Akt), which resulted in a significant increase in caspase-3 at 2 and 10 h, caspase-9 from 1 to 7 h (except at 5 h), and the heat-stressed apoptosis of the myocardial cells. 3. Administration of aspirin changed the expression patterns of HSF-1, 2 and 3 such that the expression of Hsp90 protein was significantly upregulated (by 2.3-4.1 times compared with that of the non-treated cells). The resultant increase in Akt expression and activation, compared with the HS group, inhibited caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities and reduced the myocardial cells apoptosis rate (by 2.14-2.56 times). 4. Aspirin administration could inhibit heat-stressed apoptosis of myocardial cells in vivo and may be closely associated with its promotion of HS response of chicken hearts, especially Hsp90 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhang
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - M Zhang
- b College of Animal Science and Technology , Jinling Institute of Technology , Nanjing , China
| | - Y Su
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - Z Wang
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - Q Zhao
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - H Zhu
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - Z Qian
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - J Xu
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - S Tang
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - D Wu
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - Y Lin
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - N Kemper
- c Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behaviour , University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover , Hannover , Germany
| | - J Hartung
- c Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behaviour , University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover , Hannover , Germany
| | - E Bao
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
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31
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Inhibition of HSF2 SUMOylation via MEL18 upregulates IGF-IIR and leads to hypertension-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Int J Cardiol 2018; 257:283-290. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.10.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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32
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Effects of Quercetin on Neurodegenerative and Compensatory Processes in the Nigrostriatal System in a Model of the Preclinical Stage of Parkinson’s Disease in Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11055-017-0508-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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33
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Natisvili T, Yandim C, Silva R, Emanuelli G, Krueger F, Nageshwaran S, Festenstein R. Transcriptional Activation of Pericentromeric Satellite Repeats and Disruption of Centromeric Clustering upon Proteasome Inhibition. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165873. [PMID: 27806100 PMCID: PMC5091837 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterochromatinisation of pericentromeres, which in mice consist of arrays of major satellite repeats, are important for centromere formation and maintenance of genome stability. The dysregulation of this process has been linked to genomic stress and various cancers. Here we show in mice that the proteasome binds to major satellite repeats and proteasome inhibition by MG132 results in their transcriptional de-repression; this de-repression is independent of cell-cycle perturbation. The transcriptional activation of major satellite repeats upon proteasome inhibition is accompanied by delocalisation of heterochromatin protein 1 alpha (HP1α) from chromocentres, without detectable change in the levels of histone H3K9me3, H3K4me3, H3K36me3 and H3 acetylation on the major satellite repeats. Moreover, inhibition of the proteasome was found to increase the number of chromocentres per cell, reflecting destabilisation of the chromocentre structures. Our findings suggest that the proteasome plays a role in maintaining heterochromatin integrity of pericentromeres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theona Natisvili
- Gene Control Mechanisms and Disease Group, Department of Medicine, Division of Brain Sciences and MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cihangir Yandim
- Gene Control Mechanisms and Disease Group, Department of Medicine, Division of Brain Sciences and MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Raquel Silva
- Gene Control Mechanisms and Disease Group, Department of Medicine, Division of Brain Sciences and MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giulia Emanuelli
- Gene Control Mechanisms and Disease Group, Department of Medicine, Division of Brain Sciences and MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Felix Krueger
- Bioinformatics Group, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sathiji Nageshwaran
- Gene Control Mechanisms and Disease Group, Department of Medicine, Division of Brain Sciences and MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Festenstein
- Gene Control Mechanisms and Disease Group, Department of Medicine, Division of Brain Sciences and MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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34
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Slawinska A, Hsieh JC, Schmidt CJ, Lamont SJ. Heat Stress and Lipopolysaccharide Stimulation of Chicken Macrophage-Like Cell Line Activates Expression of Distinct Sets of Genes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164575. [PMID: 27736938 PMCID: PMC5063343 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute heat stress requires immediate adjustment of the stressed individual to sudden changes of ambient temperatures. Chickens are particularly sensitive to heat stress due to development of insufficient physiological mechanisms to mitigate its effects. One of the symptoms of heat stress is endotoxemia that results from release of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the guts. Heat-related cytotoxicity is mitigated by the innate immune system, which is comprised mostly of phagocytic cells such as monocytes and macrophages. The objective of this study was to analyze the molecular responses of the chicken macrophage-like HD11 cell line to combined heat stress and lipopolysaccharide treatment in vitro. The cells were heat-stressed and then allowed a temperature-recovery period, during which the gene expression was investigated. LPS was added to the cells to mimic the heat-stress-related endotoxemia. Semi high-throughput gene expression analysis was used to study a gene panel comprised of heat shock proteins, stress-related genes, signaling molecules and immune response genes. HD11 cell line responded to heat stress with increased mRNA abundance of the HSP25, HSPA2 and HSPH1 chaperones as well as DNAJA4 and DNAJB6 co-chaperones. The anti-apoptotic gene BAG3 was also highly up-regulated, providing evidence that the cells expressed pro-survival processes. The immune response of the HD11 cell line to LPS in the heat stress environment (up-regulation of CCL4, CCL5, IL1B, IL8 and iNOS) was higher than in thermoneutral conditions. However, the peak in the transcriptional regulation of the immune genes was after two hours of temperature-recovery. Therefore, we propose the potential influence of the extracellular heat shock proteins not only in mitigating effects of abiotic stress but also in triggering the higher level of the immune responses. Finally, use of correlation networks for the data analysis aided in discovering subtle differences in the gene expression (i.e. the role of the CASP3 and CASP9 genes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Slawinska
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, UTP University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - John C. Hsieh
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Carl J. Schmidt
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Susan J. Lamont
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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35
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Zhang X, Qian Z, Zhu H, Tang S, Wu D, Zhang M, Kemper N, Hartung J, Bao E. HSP90 gene expression induced by aspirin is associated with damage remission in a chicken myocardial cell culture exposed to heat stress. Br Poult Sci 2016; 57:462-73. [PMID: 27088575 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2016.1174978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
To understand the potential protection of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) induced by aspirin against heat stress damage in chicken myocardial cells, enzyme activities related to stress damage, cytopathological changes, the expression and distribution of HSP90, and HSP90 mRNA levels in the myocardial cells exposed to heat stress (42°C) for different durations with or without aspirin administration (1 mg/ml, 2 h prior) in vitro were investigated. Significant increase of enzyme levels in the supernatant of heat-stressed myocardial cells and cellular lesions characterised by acute degeneration, karyopyknosis and karyorrhexis were observed, compared to non-treated cells. However, the lesions of cells treated with aspirin were milder, characterised by earlier recovery of enzyme levels to the control levels and no obvious heat stress-related cellular necrosis. Stronger positive signals in the cytoplasm and longer retention of HSP90 signal in nuclei were observed in aspirin-treated myocardial cells than those of only heat-stressed cells. HSP90 level in the aspirin-treated myocardial cells was 11.1-fold higher than that in non-treated cells, and remained at a high level at the early stage of heat stress, whereas it was just 4.1-fold higher in only heat-stressed cells and returned rapidly to a low level. Overexpression of HSP90 mRNA in aspirin-treated cells was observed throughout the experiment, whereas HSP90 mRNA decreased significantly only in heat-stressed cells. The early higher HSP90 expression induced by aspirin during heat stress was accompanied by decreased heat stress damage, suggesting that aspirin might play an important role in preventing myocardial cells from heat stress damage in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhang
- a College of Veterinary Medicine , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - Z Qian
- a College of Veterinary Medicine , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - H Zhu
- a College of Veterinary Medicine , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - S Tang
- a College of Veterinary Medicine , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - D Wu
- a College of Veterinary Medicine , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - M Zhang
- b College of Animal Science and Technology , Jinling Institute of Technology , Nanjing , China
| | - N Kemper
- c Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behaviour , University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation , Hannover , Germany
| | - J Hartung
- c Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behaviour , University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation , Hannover , Germany
| | - E Bao
- a College of Veterinary Medicine , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
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Zhang XH, Zhu HS, Qian Z, Tang S, Wu D, Kemper N, Hartung J, Bao ED. The association of Hsp90 expression induced by aspirin with anti-stress damage in chicken myocardial cells. J Vet Sci 2016; 17:35-44. [PMID: 27051338 PMCID: PMC4808642 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2016.17.1.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The protective effect of aspirin during exposure to heat stress in broiler chickens was investigated. We assayed pathological damage, expression and distribution of Hsp90 protein and hsp90 mRNA expression in chicken heart tissues after oral administration of aspirin following exposure to high temperature for varying times. Heat stress induced increases in plasma aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase activities while causing severe heart damage, which was characterized by granular and vacuolar degeneration, nuclear shrinkage and even myocardium fragmentation in cardiac muscle fibers. After aspirin administration, myocardial cells showed fewer pathological lesions than broilers treated with heat alone. A high positive Hsp90 signal was always detected in the nuclei of myocardial cells from broilers treated with aspirin, while in myocardial cells treated with heat alone, Hsp90 in the nuclei decreased, as did that in the cytoplasm. Aspirin induced rapid and significant synthesis of Hsp90 before and at the initial phase of heat stress, and significant expression of hsp90 mRNA was stimulated throughout the experiment when compared with cells exposed to heat stress alone. Thus, specific pre-induction of Hsp90 in cardiovascular tissue was useful for resisting heat stress damage because it produced stable damage-related enzymes and fewer pathologic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-hui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Huai-sen Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhuang Qian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shu Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Di Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Nicole Kemper
- Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behaviour, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover 30173, Germany
| | - Joerg Hartung
- Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behaviour, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover 30173, Germany
| | - En-dong Bao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Keith SA, Maddux SK, Zhong Y, Chinchankar MN, Ferguson AA, Ghazi A, Fisher AL. Graded Proteasome Dysfunction in Caenorhabditis elegans Activates an Adaptive Response Involving the Conserved SKN-1 and ELT-2 Transcription Factors and the Autophagy-Lysosome Pathway. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005823. [PMID: 26828939 PMCID: PMC4734690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of cellular proteins in a biologically active and structurally stable state is a vital endeavor involving multiple cellular pathways. One such pathway is the ubiquitin-proteasome system that represents a major route for protein degradation, and reductions in this pathway usually have adverse effects on the health of cells and tissues. Here, we demonstrate that loss-of-function mutants of the Caenorhabditis elegans proteasome subunit, RPN-10, exhibit moderate proteasome dysfunction and unexpectedly develop both increased longevity and enhanced resistance to multiple threats to the proteome, including heat, oxidative stress, and the presence of aggregation prone proteins. The rpn-10 mutant animals survive through the activation of compensatory mechanisms regulated by the conserved SKN-1/Nrf2 and ELT-2/GATA transcription factors that mediate the increased expression of genes encoding proteasome subunits as well as those mediating oxidative- and heat-stress responses. Additionally, we find that the rpn-10 mutant also shows enhanced activity of the autophagy-lysosome pathway as evidenced by increased expression of the multiple autophagy genes including atg-16.2, lgg-1, and bec-1, and also by an increase in GFP::LGG-1 puncta. Consistent with a critical role for this pathway, the enhanced resistance of the rpn-10 mutant to aggregation prone proteins depends on autophagy genes atg-13, atg-16.2, and prmt-1. Furthermore, the rpn-10 mutant is particularly sensitive to the inhibition of lysosome activity via either RNAi or chemical means. We also find that the rpn-10 mutant shows a reduction in the numbers of intestinal lysosomes, and that the elt-2 gene also plays a novel and vital role in controlling the production of functional lysosomes by the intestine. Overall, these experiments suggest that moderate proteasome dysfunction could be leveraged to improve protein homeostasis and organismal health and longevity, and that the rpn-10 mutant provides a unique platform to explore these possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A. Keith
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sarah K. Maddux
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology, and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Healthy Aging, Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yayu Zhong
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology, and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Healthy Aging, Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Meghna N. Chinchankar
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology, and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Healthy Aging, Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Annabel A. Ferguson
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Arjumand Ghazi
- Rangos Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Alfred L. Fisher
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology, and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Healthy Aging, Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- San Antonio GRECC, South Texas VA Healthcare System, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
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Crinelli R, Bianchi M, Radici L, Carloni E, Giacomini E, Magnani M. Molecular Dissection of the Human Ubiquitin C Promoter Reveals Heat Shock Element Architectures with Activating and Repressive Functions. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136882. [PMID: 26317694 PMCID: PMC4552642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The promoter of the polyubiquitin C gene (UBC) contains putative heat shock elements (HSEs) which are thought to mediate UBC induction upon stress. However, the mapping and the functional characterization of the cis-acting determinants for its up-regulation have not yet been addressed. In this study, the sequence encompassing 916 nucleotides upstream of the transcription start site of the human UBC gene has been dissected by in silico, in vitro and in vivo approaches. The information derived from this analysis was used to study the functional role and the interplay of the identified HSEs in mediating the transcriptional activation of the UBC gene under conditions of proteotoxic stress, induced by the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Here we demonstrate that at least three HSEs, with different configurations, exist in the UBC promoter: two distal, residing within nucleotides -841/-817 and -715/-691, and one proximal to the transcription start site (nt -100/-65). All of them are bound by transcription factors belonging to the heat shock factor (HSF) family, as determined by bandshift, supershift and ChIP analyses. Site-directed mutagenesis of reporter constructs demonstrated that while the distal elements are involved in the up-regulation of UBC in response to proteasome inhibition, the proximal one appears rather to function as negative regulator of the stress-induced transcriptional activity. This is the first evidence that an HSE may exert a negative role on the transcription driven by other HSE motifs on the same gene promoter, highlighting a new level of complexity in the regulation of HSFs and in the control of ubiquitin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Crinelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Urbino, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Marzia Bianchi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Urbino, Italy
| | - Lucia Radici
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Urbino, Italy
| | - Elisa Carloni
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Urbino, Italy
| | - Elisa Giacomini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Urbino, Italy
| | - Mauro Magnani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Urbino, Italy
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PARK SEONMI, KIM SOOA, AHN SANGGUN. HSF2 autoregulates its own transcription. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:1173-9. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Wu D, Xu J, Song E, Tang S, Zhang X, Kemper N, Hartung J, Bao E. Acetyl salicylic acid protected against heat stress damage in chicken myocardial cells and may associate with induced Hsp27 expression. Cell Stress Chaperones 2015; 20:687-96. [PMID: 25956131 PMCID: PMC4463918 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-015-0596-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) protects chicken myocardial cells from heat stress-mediated damage in vivo and whether the induction of Hsp27 expression is connected with this function. Pathological changes, damage-related enzyme levels, and Hsp27 expression were studied in chickens following heat stress (40 ± 1 °C for 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, or 24 h, respectively) with or without ASA administration (1 mg/kg BW, 2 h prior). Appearance of pathological lesions such as degenerations and karyopyknosis as well as the myocardial damage-related enzyme activation indicated that heat stress causes considerable injury to the myocardial cells in vivo. Myocardial cell injury was most serious in chickens exposed to heat stress without prior ASA administration; meanwhile, ASA pretreatment acted protective function against high temperature-induced injury. Hsp27 expression was induced under all experimental conditions but was one-fold higher in the ASA-pretreated animals (0.3138 ± 0.0340 ng/mL) than in untreated animals (0.1437 ± 0.0476 ng/mL) 1 h after heat stress exposure, and such an increase was sustained over the length of the experiment. Our findings indicate that pretreatment with ASA protects chicken myocardial cells from acute heat stress in vivo with almost no obvious side effects, and this protection may involve an enhancement of Hsp27 expression. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying this effect require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- />College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Jiao Xu
- />College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Erbao Song
- />College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Shu Tang
- />College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- />College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - N. Kemper
- />Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behaviour, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - J. Hartung
- />Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behaviour, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Endong Bao
- />College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
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Uncoupling Stress-Inducible Phosphorylation of Heat Shock Factor 1 from Its Activation. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:2530-40. [PMID: 25963659 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00816-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals the stress-inducible expression of genes encoding heat shock proteins is under the control of the heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1). Activation of HSF1 is a multistep process, involving trimerization, acquisition of DNA-binding and transcriptional activities, which coincide with several posttranslational modifications. Stress-inducible phosphorylation of HSF1, or hyperphosphorylation, which occurs mainly within the regulatory domain (RD), has been proposed as a requirement for HSF-driven transcription and is widely used for assessing HSF1 activation. Nonetheless, the contribution of hyperphosphorylation to the activity of HSF1 remains unknown. In this study, we generated a phosphorylation-deficient HSF1 mutant (HSF1Δ∼PRD), where the 15 known phosphorylation sites within the RD were disrupted. Our results show that the phosphorylation status of the RD does not affect the subcellular localization and DNA-binding activity of HSF1. Surprisingly, under stress conditions, HSF1Δ∼PRD is a potent transactivator of both endogenous targets and a reporter gene, and HSF1Δ∼PRD has a reduced activation threshold. Our results provide the first direct evidence for uncoupling stress-inducible phosphorylation of HSF1 from its activation, and we propose that the phosphorylation signature alone is not an appropriate marker for HSF1 activity.
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Mitani T, Ito Y, Harada N, Nakano Y, Inui H, Ashida H, Yamaji R. Resveratrol reduces the hypoxia-induced resistance to doxorubicin in breast cancer cells. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2015; 60:122-8. [PMID: 24975222 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.60.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol (3,4',5-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is known to enhance the cytotoxicity of the anticancer drug doxorubicin. On the other hand, breast cancer MCF-7 cells acquire resistance to doxorubicin under hypoxic conditions. In this study, we investigated the effect of resveratrol on hypoxia-induced resistance to doxorubicin in MCF-7 cells. Resveratrol and its derivative 3,5-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-trans-stilbene, but not 3,5-dimethoxy-4'-hydroxy-trans-stilbene, cancelled hypoxia-induced resistance to doxorubicin at a concentration of 10 μM. Carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1) catalyzes the conversion of doxorubicin to its metabolite doxorubicinol, which is much less effective than doxorubicin. Hypoxia increased the expression of CBR1 at both mRNA and protein levels, and knockdown of CBR1 inhibited hypoxia-induced resistance to doxorubicin in MCF-7 cells. Knockdown of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α repressed the hypoxia-induced expression of CBR1. Resveratrol repressed the expression of HIF-1α protein, but not HIF-1α mRNA, and decreased hypoxia-activated HIF-1 activity. Resveratrol repressed the hypoxia-induced expression of CBR1 at both mRNA and protein levels. Likewise, 3,5-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-trans-stilbene decreased the hypoxia-induced expression of CBR1 protein, but not 3,5-dimethoxy-4'-hydroxy-trans-stilbene. Furthermore, resveratrol decreased the expression of HIF-1α protein even in the presence of the proteasome inhibitor MG132 in hypoxia. Theses results indicate that in MCF-7 cells, HIF-1α-increased CBR1 expression plays an important role in hypoxia-induced resistance to doxorubicin and that resveratrol and 3,5-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-trans-stilbene decrease CBR1 expression by decreasing HIF-1α protein expression, perhaps through a proteasome-independent pathway, and consequently repress hypoxia-induced resistance to doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takakazu Mitani
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
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43
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Madeira D, Mendonça V, Dias M, Roma J, Costa PM, Larguinho M, Vinagre C, Diniz MS. Physiological, cellular and biochemical thermal stress response of intertidal shrimps with different vertical distributions: Palaemon elegans and Palaemon serratus. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2015; 183:107-15. [PMID: 25582544 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The ability to cope with high temperature variations is a critical factor in intertidal communities. Two species of intertidal rocky shore shrimps (Palaemon sp.) with different vertical distributions were collected from the Portuguese coast in order to test if they were differentially sensitive to thermal stress. Three distinct levels of biological organization (organismal, biochemical, and cellular) were surveyed. The shrimp were exposed to a constant rate of temperature increase of 1°C x h(-1), starting at 20°C until reaching the CTMax (critical thermal maximum). During heat stress, two biomarkers of protein damage were quantified in the muscle via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays: heat shock proteins HSP70 (hsp70/hsc70) and total ubiquitin. Muscle histopathological alterations caused by temperature were also evaluated. CTMax values were not significantly different between the congeners (P. elegans 33.4 ± 0.5 °C; P. serratus 33.0 ± 0.5 °C). Biomarker levels did not increase along the temperature trial, but P. elegans (higher intertidal) showed higher amounts of HSP70 and total ubiquitin than P. serratus (lower intertidal). HSP70 and total ubiquitin levels showed a positive significant correlation in both species, suggesting that their association is important in thermal tolerance. Histopathological observations of muscle tissue in P. serratus showed no gross alterations due to temperature but did show localized atrophy of muscle fibers at CTMax. In P. elegans, alterations occurred at a larger scale, showing multiple foci of atrophic muscular fascicles caused by necrotic or autolytic processes. In conclusion, Palaemon congeners displayed different responses to stress at a cellular level, with P. elegans having greater biomarker levels and histopathological alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Madeira
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Centro de Química Fina e Biotecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Vanessa Mendonça
- Centro de Oceanografia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marta Dias
- Centro de Oceanografia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Roma
- Centro de Oceanografia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro M Costa
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; IMAR-Instituto do Mar, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Miguel Larguinho
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Centro de Química Fina e Biotecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Catarina Vinagre
- Centro de Oceanografia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mário S Diniz
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Centro de Química Fina e Biotecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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44
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Ishikawa Y, Sakurai H. Heat-induced expression of the immediate-early gene IER5 and its involvement in the proliferation of heat-shocked cells. FEBS J 2014; 282:332-40. [PMID: 25355627 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The serum-inducible and growth factor-inducible gene IER5 encodes a protein that acts as a regulator of cell proliferation. Expression of IER5 is also induced by treatment of cells with ionizing radiation and anticancer agents. In this study, we demonstrate the expression and function of IER5 in heat-shocked cells. Heat treatment causes robust expression of IER5 in a heat shock factor (HSF)1-dependent manner. HSF1 is the master transcriptional regulator of chaperone genes, and the IER5 promoter contains the binding sequence for HSF1 and is bound by heat-activated HSF1. Proteotoxic stressors, such as celastrol and MG132, are known to activate HSF1, and are potent inducers of HSF1 binding and IER5 expression. Overexpression of IER5 leads to upregulation of chaperone gene expression and to an increase in refolding of heat-denatured proteins. Cells expressing IER5 efficiently recover viability after heat challenge. These observations suggest that HSF1-mediated IER5 expression is involved in the expression of chaperone genes and in recovery from thermal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Ishikawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Japan
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45
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Rodriguez KA, Dodds SG, Strong R, Galvan V, Sharp ZD, Buffenstein R. Divergent tissue and sex effects of rapamycin on the proteasome-chaperone network of old mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2014; 7:83. [PMID: 25414638 PMCID: PMC4220119 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2014.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapamycin, an allosteric inhibitor of the mTOR kinase, increases longevity in mice in a sex-specific manner. In contrast to the widely accepted theory that a loss of proteasome activity is detrimental to both life- and healthspan, biochemical studies in vitro reveal that rapamycin inhibits 20S proteasome peptidase activity. We tested if this unexpected finding is also evident after chronic rapamycin treatment in vivo by measuring peptidase activities for both the 26S and 20S proteasome in liver, fat, and brain tissues of old, male and female mice fed encapsulated chow containing 2.24 mg/kg (14 ppm) rapamycin for 6 months. Further we assessed if rapamycin altered expression of the chaperone proteins known to interact with the proteasome-mediated degradation system (PMDS), heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), and the levels of key mTOR pathway proteins. Rapamycin had little effect on liver proteasome activity in either gender, but increased proteasome activity in female brain lysates and lowered its activity in female fat tissue. Rapamycin-induced changes in molecular chaperone levels were also more substantial in tissues from female animals. Furthermore, mTOR pathway proteins showed more significant changes in female tissues compared to those from males. These data show collectively that there are divergent tissue and sex effects of rapamycin on the proteasome-chaperone network and that these may be linked to the disparate effects of rapamycin on males and females. Further our findings suggest that rapamycin induces indirect regulation of the PMDS/heat-shock response through its modulation of the mTOR pathway rather than via direct interactions between rapamycin and the proteasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl A Rodriguez
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Aging and Longevity Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA ; Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sherry G Dodds
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Aging and Longevity Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA ; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Randy Strong
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Aging and Longevity Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA ; Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Veronica Galvan
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Aging and Longevity Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA ; Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Z D Sharp
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Aging and Longevity Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA ; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Rochelle Buffenstein
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Aging and Longevity Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA ; Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA
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Elsing AN, Aspelin C, Björk JK, Bergman HA, Himanen SV, Kallio MJ, Roos-Mattjus P, Sistonen L. Expression of HSF2 decreases in mitosis to enable stress-inducible transcription and cell survival. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 206:735-49. [PMID: 25202032 PMCID: PMC4164949 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201402002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In spite of global transcriptional inhibition, a decrease in HSF2 expression during mitosis allows for heat shock protein expression and protects cells against proteotoxicity. Unless mitigated, external and physiological stresses are detrimental for cells, especially in mitosis, resulting in chromosomal missegregation, aneuploidy, or apoptosis. Heat shock proteins (Hsps) maintain protein homeostasis and promote cell survival. Hsps are transcriptionally regulated by heat shock factors (HSFs). Of these, HSF1 is the master regulator and HSF2 modulates Hsp expression by interacting with HSF1. Due to global inhibition of transcription in mitosis, including HSF1-mediated expression of Hsps, mitotic cells are highly vulnerable to stress. Here, we show that cells can counteract transcriptional silencing and protect themselves against proteotoxicity in mitosis. We found that the condensed chromatin of HSF2-deficient cells is accessible for HSF1 and RNA polymerase II, allowing stress-inducible Hsp expression. Consequently, HSF2-deficient cells exposed to acute stress display diminished mitotic errors and have a survival advantage. We also show that HSF2 expression declines during mitosis in several but not all human cell lines, which corresponds to the Hsp70 induction and protection against stress-induced mitotic abnormalities and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra N Elsing
- Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Camilla Aspelin
- Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna K Björk
- Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Heidi A Bergman
- Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Samu V Himanen
- Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Marko J Kallio
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland VTT Health, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Pia Roos-Mattjus
- Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Lea Sistonen
- Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
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47
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Neueder A, Achilli F, Moussaoui S, Bates GP. Novel isoforms of heat shock transcription factor 1, HSF1γα and HSF1γβ, regulate chaperone protein gene transcription. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:19894-906. [PMID: 24855652 PMCID: PMC4106310 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.570739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The heat shock response, resulting in the production of heat shock proteins or molecular chaperones, is triggered by elevated temperature and a variety of other stressors. Its master regulator is heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1). Heat shock factors generally exist in multiple isoforms. The two known isoforms of HSF1 differ in the inclusion (HSF1α) or exclusion (HSF1β) of exon 11. Although there are some data concerning the differential expression patterns and transcriptional activities of HSF2 isoforms during development, little is known about the distinct properties of the HSF1 isoforms. Here we present evidence for two novel HSF1 isoforms termed HSF1γα and HSF1γβ, and we show that the HSF1 isoform ratio differentially regulates heat shock protein gene transcription. Hsf1γ isoforms are expressed in various mouse tissues and are translated into protein. Furthermore, after heat shock, HSF1γ isoforms are exported from the nucleus more rapidly or degraded more quickly than HSF1α or HSF1β. We also show that each individual HSF1 isoform is sufficient to induce the heat shock response and that expression of combinations of HSF1 isoforms, in particular HSF1α and HSF1β, results in a synergistic enhancement of the transcriptional response. In addition, HSF1γ isoforms potentially suppress the synergistic effect of HSF1α and HSF1β co-expression. Collectively, our observations suggest that the expression of HSF1 isoforms in a specific ratio provides an additional layer in the regulation of heat shock protein gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Neueder
- From the Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom and
| | - Francesca Achilli
- From the Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom and
| | - Saliha Moussaoui
- Neuroscience Discovery, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gillian P Bates
- From the Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom and
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Rossi A, Riccio A, Coccia M, Trotta E, La Frazia S, Santoro MG. The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib is a potent inducer of zinc finger AN1-type domain 2a gene expression: role of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1)-heat shock factor 2 (HSF2) heterocomplexes. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:12705-15. [PMID: 24619424 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.513242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The zinc finger AN1-type domain 2a gene, also known as arsenite-inducible RNA-associated protein (AIRAP), was recently identified as a novel human canonical heat shock gene strictly controlled by heat shock factor (HSF) 1. Little is known about AIRAP gene regulation in human cells. Here we report that bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor with anticancer and antiangiogenic properties used in the clinic for treatment of multiple myeloma, is a potent inducer of AIRAP expression in human cells. Using endothelial cells as a model, we unraveled the molecular mechanism regulating AIRAP expression during proteasome inhibition. Bortezomib induces AIRAP expression at the transcriptional level early after treatment, concomitantly with polyubiquitinated protein accumulation and HSF activation. AIRAP protein is detected at high levels for at least 48 h after bortezomib exposure, together with the accumulation of HSF2, a factor implicated in differentiation and development regulation. Different from heat-mediated induction, in bortezomib-treated cells, HSF1 and HSF2 interact directly, forming HSF1-HSF2 heterotrimeric complexes recruited to a specific heat shock element in the AIRAP promoter. Interestingly, whereas HSF1 has been confirmed to be critical for AIRAP gene transcription, HSF2 was found to negatively regulate AIRAP expression after bortezomib treatment, further emphasizing an important modulatory role of this transcription factor under stress conditions. AIRAP function is still not defined. However, the fact that AIRAP is expressed abundantly in primary human cells at bortezomib concentrations comparable with plasma levels in treated patients suggests that AIRAP may participate in the regulatory network controlling proteotoxic stress during bortezomib treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Rossi
- From the Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 00133 Rome, Italy and
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Rhoads RP, Baumgard LH, Suagee JK, Sanders SR. Nutritional interventions to alleviate the negative consequences of heat stress. Adv Nutr 2013; 4:267-76. [PMID: 23674792 PMCID: PMC3650495 DOI: 10.3945/an.112.003376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy metabolism is a highly coordinated process, and preferred fuel(s) differ among tissues. The hierarchy of substrate use can be affected by physiological status and environmental factors including high ambient temperature. Unabated heat eventually overwhelms homeothermic mechanisms resulting in heat stress, which compromises animal health, farm animal production, and human performance. Various aspects of heat stress physiology have been extensively studied, yet a clear understanding of the metabolic changes occurring at the cellular, tissue, and whole-body levels in response to an environmental heat load remains ill-defined. For reasons not yet clarified, circulating nonesterified fatty acid levels are reduced during heat stress, even in the presence of elevated stress hormones (epinephrine, glucagon, and cortisol), and heat-stressed animals often have a blunted lipolytic response to catabolic signals. Either directly because of or in coordination with this, animals experiencing environmental hyperthermia exhibit a shift toward carbohydrate use. These metabolic alterations occur coincident with increased circulating basal and stimulated plasma insulin concentrations. Limited data indicate that proper insulin action is necessary to effectively mount a response to heat stress and minimize heat-induced damage. Consistent with this idea, nutritional interventions targeting increased insulin action may improve tolerance and productivity during heat stress. Further research is warranted to uncover the effects of heat on parameters associated with energy metabolism so that more appropriate and effective treatment methodologies can be designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Rhoads
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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50
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Jensen L, Farook MF, Reiter LT. Proteomic profiling in Drosophila reveals potential Dube3a regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and neuronal homeostasis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61952. [PMID: 23626758 PMCID: PMC3633955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular defects associated with Angelman syndrome (AS) and 15q duplication autism are directly correlated to expression levels of the E3 ubiquitin ligase protein UBE3A. Here we used Drosophila melanogaster to screen for the targets of this ubiquitin ligase under conditions of both decreased (as in AS) or increased (as in dup(15)) levels of the fly Dube3a or human UBE3A proteins. Using liquid phase isoelectric focusing of proteins from whole fly head extracts we identified a total of 50 proteins that show changes in protein, and in some cases transcriptional levels, when Dube3a fluctuates. We analyzed head extracts from cytoplasmic, nuclear and membrane fractions for Dube3a regulated proteins. Our results indicate that Dube3a is involved in the regulation of cellular functions related to ATP synthesis/metabolism, actin cytoskeletal integrity, both catabolism and carbohydrate metabolism as well as nervous system development and function. Sixty-two percent of the proteins were >50% identical to homologous human proteins and 8 have previously be shown to be ubiquitinated in the fly nervous system. Eight proteins may be regulated by Dube3a at the transcript level through the transcriptional co-activation function of Dube3a. We investigated one autism-associated protein, ATPα, and found that it can be ubiquitinated in a Dube3a dependent manner. We also found that Dube3a mutants have significantly less filamentous actin than wild type larvae consistent with the identification of actin targets regulated by Dube3a. The identification of UBE3A targets is the first step in unraveling the molecular etiology of AS and duplication 15q autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Jensen
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - M. Febin Farook
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Lawrence T. Reiter
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
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