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Marzęta-Assas P, Jacenik D, Zasłona Z. Pathophysiology of Arginases in Cancer and Efforts in Their Pharmacological Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9782. [PMID: 39337272 PMCID: PMC11431790 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25189782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Arginases are key enzymes that hydrolyze L-arginine to urea and L-ornithine in the urea cycle. The two arginase isoforms, arginase 1 (ARG1) and arginase 2 (ARG2), regulate the proliferation of cancer cells, migration, and apoptosis; affect immunosuppression; and promote the synthesis of polyamines, leading to the development of cancer. Arginases also compete with nitric oxide synthase (NOS) for L-arginine, and their participation has also been confirmed in cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and inflammation. Due to the fact that arginases play a crucial role in the development of various types of diseases, finding an appropriate candidate to inhibit the activity of these enzymes would be beneficial for the therapy of many human diseases. In this review, based on numerous experimental, preclinical, and clinical studies, we provide a comprehensive overview of the biological and physiological functions of ARG1 and ARG2, their molecular mechanisms of action, and affected metabolic pathways. We summarize the recent clinical trials' advances in targeting arginases and describe potential future drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Damian Jacenik
- Molecure S.A., 101 Żwirki i Wigury St., 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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Zhang J, Chen M, Yang Y, Liu Z, Guo W, Xiang P, Zeng Z, Wang D, Xiong W. Amino acid metabolic reprogramming in the tumor microenvironment and its implication for cancer therapy. J Cell Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38946173 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Amino acids are essential building blocks for proteins, crucial energy sources for cell survival, and key signaling molecules supporting the resistant growth of tumor cells. In tumor cells, amino acid metabolic reprogramming is characterized by the enhanced uptake of amino acids as well as their aberrant synthesis, breakdown, and transport, leading to immune evasion and malignant progression of tumor cells. This article reviews the altered amino acid metabolism in tumor cells and its impact on tumor microenvironment, and also provides an overview of the current clinical applications of amino acid metabolism. Innovative drugs targeting amino acid metabolism hold great promise for precision and personalized cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingjian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuxin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ziqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wanni Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pingjuan Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Wu YC, Wang WT, Yang MC, Su YT, Yeh JL, Hsu JH, Wu JR. The novel roles of YULINK in the migration, proliferation and glycolysis of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells: implications for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Biol Res 2023; 56:66. [PMID: 38057829 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-023-00480-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature, characterized by the proliferation and migration of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) along with dysregulated glycolysis, is a pathognomonic feature of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). YULINK (MIOS, Entrez Gene: 54468), a newly identified gene, has been recently shown to possess pleiotropic physiologic functions. This study aims to determine novel roles of YULINK in the regulation of PAH-related pathogenesis, including PASMC migration, proliferation and glycolysis. RESULTS Our results utilized two PAH-related cell models: PASMCs treated with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and PASMCs harvested from monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH rats (PAH-PASMCs). YULINK modulation, either by knockdown or overexpression, was found to influence PASMC migration and proliferation in both models. Additionally, YULINK was implicated in glycolytic processes, impacting glucose uptake, glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) expression, hexokinase II (HK-2) expression, and pyruvate production in PASMCs. Notably, YULINK and GLUT1 were observed to colocalize on PASMC membranes under PAH-related pathogenic conditions. Indeed, increased YULINK expression was also detected in the pulmonary artery of human PAH specimen. Furthermore, YULINK inhibition led to the suppression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) and the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and protein kinase B (AKT) in both cell models. These findings suggest that the effects of YULINK are potentially mediated through the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that YULINK appears to play a crucial role in the migration, proliferation, and glycolysis in PASMCs and therefore positioning it as a novel promising therapeutic target for PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chia Wu
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80145, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Wang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chun Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, E-Da Hospital/I-Shou University, No. 1, Yi-Da Road, Jiao-Su Village, Yan-Chao District, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tsun Su
- Department of Pediatrics, E-Da Hospital/I-Shou University, No. 1, Yi-Da Road, Jiao-Su Village, Yan-Chao District, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jwu-Lai Yeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Hau Hsu
- Division of Pediatric Cardio-Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Ren Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, E-Da Hospital/I-Shou University, No. 1, Yi-Da Road, Jiao-Su Village, Yan-Chao District, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan.
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Fang Q, Bai Y, Hu S, Ding J, Liu L, Dai M, Qiu J, Wu L, Rao X, Wang Y. Unleashing the Potential of Nrf2: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1978. [PMID: 38001831 PMCID: PMC10669195 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary vascular remodeling, characterized by the thickening of all three layers of the blood vessel wall, plays a central role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Despite the approval of several drugs for PH treatment, their long-term therapeutic effect remains unsatisfactory, as they mainly focus on vasodilation rather than addressing vascular remodeling. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic targets in the treatment of PH. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a vital transcription factor that regulates endogenous antioxidant defense and emerges as a novel regulator of pulmonary vascular remodeling. Growing evidence has suggested an involvement of Nrf2 and its downstream transcriptional target in the process of pulmonary vascular remodeling. Pharmacologically targeting Nrf2 has demonstrated beneficial effects in various diseases, and several Nrf2 inducers are currently undergoing clinical trials. However, the exact potential and mechanism of Nrf2 as a therapeutic target in PH remain unknown. Thus, this review article aims to comprehensively explore the role and mechanism of Nrf2 in pulmonary vascular remodeling associated with PH. Additionally, we provide a summary of Nrf2 inducers that have shown therapeutic potential in addressing the underlying vascular remodeling processes in PH. Although Nrf2-related therapies hold great promise, further research is necessary before their clinical implementation can be fully realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Fang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Q.F.); (Y.B.); (S.H.); (J.D.); (L.L.); (M.D.); (J.Q.); (L.W.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Q.F.); (Y.B.); (S.H.); (J.D.); (L.L.); (M.D.); (J.Q.); (L.W.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shuiqing Hu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Q.F.); (Y.B.); (S.H.); (J.D.); (L.L.); (M.D.); (J.Q.); (L.W.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Q.F.); (Y.B.); (S.H.); (J.D.); (L.L.); (M.D.); (J.Q.); (L.W.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Q.F.); (Y.B.); (S.H.); (J.D.); (L.L.); (M.D.); (J.Q.); (L.W.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Meiyan Dai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Q.F.); (Y.B.); (S.H.); (J.D.); (L.L.); (M.D.); (J.Q.); (L.W.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jie Qiu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Q.F.); (Y.B.); (S.H.); (J.D.); (L.L.); (M.D.); (J.Q.); (L.W.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lujin Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Q.F.); (Y.B.); (S.H.); (J.D.); (L.L.); (M.D.); (J.Q.); (L.W.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaoquan Rao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Q.F.); (Y.B.); (S.H.); (J.D.); (L.L.); (M.D.); (J.Q.); (L.W.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Q.F.); (Y.B.); (S.H.); (J.D.); (L.L.); (M.D.); (J.Q.); (L.W.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Zeng Z, Wang X, Cui L, Wang H, Guo J, Chen Y. Natural Products for the Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension: Mechanism, Progress, and Future Opportunities. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:2351-2371. [PMID: 36975522 PMCID: PMC10047369 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45030152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a lethal disease due to the remodeling of pulmonary vessels. Its pathophysiological characteristics include increased pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance, leading to right heart failure and death. The pathological mechanism of PH is complex and includes inflammation, oxidative stress, vasoconstriction/diastolic imbalance, genetic factors, and ion channel abnormalities. Currently, many clinical drugs for the treatment of PH mainly play their role by relaxing pulmonary arteries, and the treatment effect is limited. Recent studies have shown that various natural products have unique therapeutic advantages for PH with complex pathological mechanisms owing to their multitarget characteristics and low toxicity. This review summarizes the main natural products and their pharmacological mechanisms in PH treatment to provide a useful reference for future research and development of new anti-PH drugs and their mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuomei Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lidan Cui
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hongjuan Wang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jian Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yucai Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (Y.C.)
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Yang X, Yang Y, Liu K, Zhang C. Traditional Chinese medicine monomers: Targeting pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells proliferation to treat pulmonary hypertension. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14916. [PMID: 37128338 PMCID: PMC10147991 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a complex multifactorial disease characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary vascular remodeling (PVR), with high morbidity, disability, and mortality. The abnormal proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) is the main pathological change causing PVR. At present, clinical treatment drugs for PH are limited, which can only improve symptoms and reduce hospitalization but cannot delay disease progression and reduce survival rate. In recent years, numerous studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine monomers (TCMs) inhibit excessive proliferation of PASMCs resulting in alleviating PVR through multiple channels and multiple targets, which has attracted more and more attention in the treatment of PH. In this paper, the experimental evidence of inhibiting PASMCs proliferation by TCMs was summarized to provide some directions for the future development of these mentioned TCMs as anti-PH drugs in clinical.
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Qiu ZK, Zhang MZ, Zhang WC, Li ZJ, Si LB, Long X, Yu NZ, Wang XJ. Role of HIF-1α in pathogenic mechanisms of keloids. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:1436-1448. [PMID: 36718786 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUDS AND OBJECTIVE Keloids are defined as overrepairing products that develop after skin lesions. Keloids are characterized by the proliferation of fibroblasts and the overaccumulation of extracellular matrix components (mainly collagen), leading to a locally hypoxic microenvironment. Hence, this article was aimed to review hypoxia in pathogenesis of keloids. METHODS We reviewed and summarized the relevant published studies. RESULTS Hypoxia results in the accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) in keloids, contributing to overactivation of the fibrotic signaling pathway, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and changes in metabolism, eventually leading to aggravated fibrosis, infiltrative growth, and radiotherapy resistance. CONCLUSION It is, therefore, essential to understand the role of HIF-1α in the pathogenic mechanisms of keloids in order to develop new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Kai Qiu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking Union Medical college Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Zi Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking Union Medical college Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Chao Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking Union Medical college Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Jin Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking Union Medical college Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lou-Bin Si
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking Union Medical college Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Long
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking Union Medical college Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nan-Ze Yu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking Union Medical college Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking Union Medical college Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Bahroudi Z, Shoorei H, Hussen BM, Talebi SF, Baig SG, Taheri M, Ayatollahi SA. Disease-associated regulation of gene expression by resveratrol: Special focus on the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:298. [PMID: 36180892 PMCID: PMC9524725 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02719-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a natural phenol that is present in the skin of the grape, blueberry, raspberry, mulberry, and peanut. This substance is synthesized in these plants following injury or exposure to pathogens. Resveratrol is used as a dietary supplement for a long time and its effects have been assessed in animal models of human disorders. It has potential beneficial effects in diverse pathological conditions such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertension, neoplastic conditions, Alzheimer's disease, and cardiovascular disorders. Notably, resveratrol has been found to affect the expression of several genes including cytokine coding genes, caspases, matrix metalloproteinases, adhesion molecules, and growth factors. Moreover, it can modulate the activity of several signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT, Wnt, NF-κB, and Notch pathways. In the current review, we summarize the results of studies that reported modulatory effects of resveratrol on the expression of genes and the activity of signaling pathways. We explain these results in two distinct sections of non-neoplastic and neoplastic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Bahroudi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Shoorei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.,Center of Research and Strategic Studies, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Seyedeh Fahimeh Talebi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Sadia Ghousia Baig
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany. .,Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Mohammadi A, Higazy R, Gauda EB. PGC-1α activity and mitochondrial dysfunction in preterm infants. Front Physiol 2022; 13:997619. [PMID: 36225305 PMCID: PMC9548560 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.997619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Extremely low gestational age neonates (ELGANs) are born in a relatively hyperoxic environment with weak antioxidant defenses, placing them at high risk for mitochondrial dysfunction affecting multiple organ systems including the nervous, respiratory, ocular, and gastrointestinal systems. The brain and lungs are highly affected by mitochondrial dysfunction and dysregulation in the neonate, causing white matter injury (WMI) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), respectively. Adequate mitochondrial function is important in providing sufficient energy for organ development as it relates to alveolarization and axonal myelination and decreasing oxidative stress via reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) detoxification. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) is a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Since mitochondrial dysfunction is at the root of WMI and BPD pathobiology, exploring therapies that can regulate PGC-1α activity may be beneficial. This review article describes several promising therapeutic agents that can mitigate mitochondrial dysfunction through direct and indirect activation and upregulation of the PGC-1α pathway. Metformin, resveratrol, omega 3 fatty acids, montelukast, L-citrulline, and adiponectin are promising candidates that require further pre-clinical and clinical studies to understand their efficacy in decreasing the burden of disease from WMI and BPD in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Mohammadi
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Translational Medicine Program, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Randa Higazy
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Translational Medicine Program, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Estelle B. Gauda
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Translational Medicine Program, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Estelle B. Gauda,
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10
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Niu F, Yu Y, Li Z, Ren Y, Li Z, Ye Q, Liu P, Ji C, Qian L, Xiong Y. Arginase: An emerging and promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112840. [PMID: 35316752 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginase is a key hydrolase in the urea cycle that hydrolyses L-arginine to urea and L-ornithine. Increasing number of studies in recent years demonstrate that two mammalian arginase isoforms, arginase 1 (ARG1) and arginase 2 (ARG2), were aberrantly upregulated in various types of cancers, and played crucial roles in the regulation of tumor growth and metastasis through various mechanisms such as regulating L-arginine metabolism, influencing tumor immune microenvironment, etc. Thus, arginase receives increasing focus as an attractive target for cancer therapy. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the physiological and biological roles of arginase in a variety of cancers, and shed light on the underlying mechanisms of arginase mediating cancer cells growth and development, as well as summarize the recent clinical research advances of targeting arginase for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanglin Niu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhuozhuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zi Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Endocrinology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an 710018, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenshuang Ji
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lu Qian
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Endocrinology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an 710018, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yuyan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China; Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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11
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Ho L, Hossen N, Nguyen T, Vo A, Ahsan F. Epigenetic Mechanisms as Emerging Therapeutic Targets and Microfluidic Chips Application in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010170. [PMID: 35052850 PMCID: PMC8773438 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a disease that progress over time and is defined as an increase in pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance that frequently leads to right-ventricular (RV) failure and death. Epigenetic modifications comprising DNA methylation, histone remodeling, and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been established to govern chromatin structure and transcriptional responses in various cell types during disease development. However, dysregulation of these epigenetic mechanisms has not yet been explored in detail in the pathology of pulmonary arterial hypertension and its progression with vascular remodeling and right-heart failure (RHF). Targeting epigenetic regulators including histone methylation, acetylation, or miRNAs offers many possible candidates for drug discovery and will no doubt be a tempting area to explore for PAH therapies. This review focuses on studies in epigenetic mechanisms including the writers, the readers, and the erasers of epigenetic marks and targeting epigenetic regulators or modifiers for treatment of PAH and its complications described as RHF. Data analyses from experimental cell models and animal induced PAH models have demonstrated that significant changes in the expression levels of multiple epigenetics modifiers such as HDMs, HDACs, sirtuins (Sirt1 and Sirt3), and BRD4 correlate strongly with proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis linked to the pathological vascular remodeling during PAH development. The reversible characteristics of protein methylation and acetylation can be applied for exploring small-molecule modulators such as valproic acid (HDAC inhibitor) or resveratrol (Sirt1 activator) in different preclinical models for treatment of diseases including PAH and RHF. This review also presents to the readers the application of microfluidic devices to study sex differences in PAH pathophysiology, as well as for epigenetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Ho
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA; (N.H.); (T.N.)
- Correspondence: (L.H.); (F.A.); Tel.: +1-916-686-7370 (L.H.); +1-916-686-3529 (F.A.)
| | - Nazir Hossen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA; (N.H.); (T.N.)
| | - Trieu Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA; (N.H.); (T.N.)
- East Bay Institute for Research & Education (EBIRE), Mather, CA 95655, USA
| | - Au Vo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Fakhrul Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA; (N.H.); (T.N.)
- Correspondence: (L.H.); (F.A.); Tel.: +1-916-686-7370 (L.H.); +1-916-686-3529 (F.A.)
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12
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Liu X, Zhou H, Hu Z. Resveratrol attenuates chronic pulmonary embolism-related endothelial cell injury by modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and autophagy. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2022; 77:100083. [PMID: 35932505 PMCID: PMC9357834 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2022.100083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Due to Pulmonary Artery Endothelial Cell (PAEC) dysfunction, Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) persists even after the Pulmonary Embolism (PE) has been relieved. However, the mechanism behind this remains unclear. METHOD Here, the authors incubated Human PAECs (HPAECs) with thrombin to simulate the process of arterial thrombosis. RESULTS CCK8 results showed a decrease in the viability of HPAECs after thrombin incubation. In addition, the expression of Tissue Factor (TF), Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 (MCP-1), VCAM-1, ICAM-1, cleaved caspase 3, cleaved caspase 9, and Bax protein were all increased after thrombin incubation, while Bcl-2 was decreased. The effects of 3-MA treatment further suggested that autophagy might mediate the partial protective effects of Resveratrol on HPAECs. To observe the effects of Resveratrol in vivo, the authors established a Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension (CTEPH) model by repeatedly injecting autologous blood clots into a rat's left jugular vein. The results exhibited that Mean Pulmonary Arterial Pressure (mPAP) and vessel Wall Area/Total Area (WA/TA) ratio were both decreased after Resveratrol treatment. Moreover, Resveratrol could reduce the concentration and activity of TF, vWF, P-selectin, and promote these Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) in plasma. Western blot analysis of inflammation, platelet activation, autophagy, and apoptosis-associated proteins in pulmonary artery tissue validated the results in PHAECs. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that reduced autophagy, increased oxidative stress, increased platelet activation, and increased inflammation were involved in CTEPH-induced HPAEC dysfunction and the development of PH, while Resveratrol could improve PAEC dysfunction and PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiying Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixiong Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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13
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Bryant AJ, Ebrahimi E, Nguyen A, Wolff CA, Gumz ML, Liu AC, Esser KA. A wrinkle in time: circadian biology in pulmonary vascular health and disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L84-L101. [PMID: 34850650 PMCID: PMC8759967 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00037.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
An often overlooked element of pulmonary vascular disease is time. Cellular responses to time, which are regulated directly by the core circadian clock, have only recently been elucidated. Despite an extensive collection of data regarding the role of rhythmic contribution to disease pathogenesis (such as systemic hypertension, coronary artery, and renal disease), the roles of key circadian transcription factors in pulmonary hypertension remain understudied. This is despite a large degree of overlap in the pulmonary hypertension and circadian rhythm fields, not only including shared signaling pathways, but also cell-specific effects of the core clock that are known to result in both protective and adverse lung vessel changes. Therefore, the goal of this review is to summarize the current dialogue regarding common pathways in circadian biology, with a specific emphasis on its implications in the progression of pulmonary hypertension. In this work, we emphasize specific proteins involved in the regulation of the core molecular clock while noting the circadian cell-specific changes relevant to vascular remodeling. Finally, we apply this knowledge to the optimization of medical therapy, with a focus on sleep hygiene and the role of chronopharmacology in patients with this disease. In dissecting the unique relationship between time and cellular biology, we aim to provide valuable insight into the practical implications of considering time as a therapeutic variable. Armed with this information, physicians will be positioned to more efficiently use the full four dimensions of patient care, resulting in improved morbidity and mortality of pulmonary hypertension patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Bryant
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Elnaz Ebrahimi
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Amy Nguyen
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Christopher A. Wolff
- 2Department of Physiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Michelle L. Gumz
- 2Department of Physiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Andrew C. Liu
- 2Department of Physiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Karyn A. Esser
- 2Department of Physiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
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14
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Xue Z, Li Y, Zhou M, Liu Z, Fan G, Wang X, Zhu Y, Yang J. Traditional Herbal Medicine Discovery for the Treatment and Prevention of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:720873. [PMID: 34899290 PMCID: PMC8660120 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.720873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by pulmonary artery remodeling that may subsequently culminate in right heart failure and premature death. Although there are currently both non-pharmacological (lung transplantation, etc.) and pharmacological (Sildenafil, Bosentan, and new oral drugs on trial) therapies available, PAH remains a serious and fatal pulmonary disease. As a unique medical treatment, traditional herbal medicine (THM) treatment has gradually exerted its advantages in treating PAH worldwide through a multi-level and multi-target approach. Additionally, the potential mechanisms of THM were deciphered, including suppression of proliferation and apoptosis of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, controlling the processes of inflammation and oxidative stress, and regulating vasoconstriction and ion channels. In this review, the effects and mechanisms of the frequently studied compound THM, single herbal preparations, and multiple active components from THM are comprehensively summarized, as well as their related mechanisms on several classical preclinical PAH models. It is worth mentioning that sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate sodium and tetramethylpyrazine are under clinical trials and are considered the most promoting medicines for PAH treatment. Last, reverse pharmacology, a strategy to discover THM or THM-derived components, has also been proposed here for PAH. This review discusses the current state of THM, their working mechanisms against PAH, and prospects of reverse pharmacology, which are expected to facilitate the natural anti-PAH medicine discovery and development and its bench-to-bedside transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhidong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
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15
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Natural ingredients from Chinese materia medica for pulmonary hypertension. Chin J Nat Med 2021; 19:801-814. [PMID: 34844719 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(21)60092-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe pathophysiological condition characterized by pulmonary artery remodeling and continuous increases in pulmonary artery pressure, which may eventually develop to right heart failure and death. Although newly discovered and incredible treatment strategies in recent years have improved the prognosis of PH, limited types of effective and economical drugs for PH still makes it as a life-threatening disease. Some drugs from Chinese materia medica (CMM) have been traditionally applied in the treatment of lung diseases. Accumulating evidence suggests active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) derived from those medicines brings promising future for the prevention and treatment of PH. In this review, we summarized the pharmacological effects of APIs derived from CMM which are potent in treating PH, so as to provide new thoughts for initial drug discovery and identification of potential therapeutic strategies in alternative medicine for PH.
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16
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Alonazi ASA, Willets JM. G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 is essential to enable vasoconstrictor-mediated arterial smooth muscle proliferation. Cell Signal 2021; 88:110152. [PMID: 34555505 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is associated with increased production and circulation of vasoconstrictors, resulting in enhanced signalling through their cognate G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). Prolonged vasoconstrictor GPCR signalling increases arterial contraction and stimulates signalling pathways that promote vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, contributing to the development of atherosclerotic plaques, re-stenosis lesions and vascular remodelling. GPCR signalling through phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) promotes VSMC proliferation. In VSMC, G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is known to regulate numerous vasoconstrictor GPCRs and their downstream signalling pathways. As GRK2 is implicated in controlling various aspects of cellular growth, we examined whether GRK2 could affect VSMC proliferation. Using two indices of cell growth, we show that PI3K inhibition and depletion of GRK2 expression produced a similar ablation of pro-proliferative vasoconstrictor-stimulated VSMC growth. Furthermore, GRK2-knockdown ablated the sustained phase of endothelin-1 and angiotensin-II-stimulated Akt phosphorylation, whilst the peak (5 min) phase was unaffected. Conversely, the GRK2 inhibitor compound 101 did not affect vasoconstrictor-driven Akt phosphorylation. Vasoconstrictor-stimulated phosphorylation of the Akt substrates GSK3α and GSK3β was ablated following RNAi-mediated GRK2 depletion, or after PI3K inhibition. Moreover, GRK2 knockdown prevented endothelin-1 and angiotensin-II from increasing cyclin D1 expression. These data suggest GRK2 expression is essential to facilitate vasoconstrictor-driven VSMC proliferation through its ability to promote efficient prolonged PI3K-Akt signalling, and thus relieve the GSK3-mediated block on cell cycling. Considering VSMC GRK2 expression increases early in the development of hypertension, this highlights the potential for GRK2 to promote VSMC growth and exacerbate hypertensive pathophysiological vascular remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma S A Alonazi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry Wellcome Building, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmacy College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jonathon M Willets
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry Wellcome Building, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom.
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Tian Q, Fan X, Ma J, Li D, Han Y, Yin X, Wang H, Huang T, Wang Z, Shentu Y, Xue F, Du C, Wang Y, Mao S, Fan J, Gong Y. Critical role of VGLL4 in the regulation of chronic normobaric hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in mice. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21822. [PMID: 34314061 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002650rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH), a rare but deadly cardiopulmonary disorder, is characterized by extensive remodeling of pulmonary arteries resulting from enhancement of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation and suppressed apoptosis; however, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain largely unknown. Recently, epigenetics has gained increasing prominence in the development of PH. We aimed to investigate the role of vestigial-like family member 4 (VGLL4) in chronic normobaric hypoxia (CNH)-induced PH and to address whether it is associated with epigenetic regulation. The rodent model of PH was established by CNH treatment (10% O2 , 23 hours/day). Western blot, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, and adeno-associated virus tests were performed to explore the potential mechanisms involved in CNH-induced PH in mice. VGLL4 expression was upregulated and correlated with CNH in PH mouse lung tissues in a time-dependent manner. VGLL4 colocalized with α-smooth muscle actin in cultured pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and VGLL4 immunoactivity was increased in PASMCs following hypoxia exposure in vitro. VGLL4 knockdown attenuated CNH-induced PH and pulmonary artery remodeling by blunting signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling; conversely, VGLL4 overexpression exacerbated the development of PH. CNH enhanced the acetylation of VGLL4 and increased the interaction of ac-H3K9/VGLL4 and ac-H3K9/STAT3 in the lung tissues, and levels of ac-H3K9, p-STAT3/STAT3, and proliferation-associated protein levels were markedly up-regulated, whereas apoptosis-related protein levels were significantly downregulated, in the lung tissues of mice with CNH-induced PH. Notably, abrogation of VGLL4 acetylation reversed CNH-induced PH and pulmonary artery remodeling and suppressed STAT3 signaling. Finally, STAT3 knockdown alleviated CNH-induced PH. In conclusion, VGLL4 acetylation upregulation could contribute to CNH-induced PH and pulmonary artery remodeling via STAT3 signaling, and abrogation of VGLL4 acetylation reversed CNH-induced PH. Pharmacological or genetic deletion of VGLL4 might be a potential target for therapeutic interventions in CNH-induced PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyun Tian
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaofang Fan
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianshe Ma
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dantong Li
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yujiao Han
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xianghong Yin
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhenglu Wang
- Renji College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yangping Shentu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Feng Xue
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Congkuo Du
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yongyu Wang
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Sunzhong Mao
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Junming Fan
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yongsheng Gong
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Chemistry and Pharmacology of Cyperaceae Stilbenoids: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092794. [PMID: 34068509 PMCID: PMC8125981 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyperaceae is a cosmopolitan plant family with approx. 5000 species distributed worldwide. Several members of this family are used in traditional medicines for the treatment of different diseases. In the last few decades, constituents with great chemical diversity were isolated from sedges, and a wide range of biological activities were detected either for crude extracts or for pure compounds. Among the isolated compounds, phenolic derivatives are the most important, especially stilbenoids, and flavonoids. To date, more than 60 stilbenoids were isolated from 28 Cyperaceae species. Pharmacological investigation of Cyperaceae stilbenoids revealed that several compounds possess promising activities; mainly antiproliferative, antibacterial, antioxidant and anthelmintic effects. Isolation, synthesis and pharmacological investigation of stilbenes are increasing constantly. As Cyperaceae species are very good sources of a wide variety of stilbenes, and several of them occur in large amount worldwide, they are worthy for phytochemical and pharmacological investigations. Moreover, stilbenes are important from chemotaxonomical point of view, and they play a key role in plant defense mechanisms as well. This review summarizes the stilbenoids isolated from sedges, and their biological activities.
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Guo Y, Liu H, Chen Y, Yan W. The effect of allicin on cell proliferation and apoptosis compared to blank control and cis-platinum in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:13183-13189. [PMID: 33402832 PMCID: PMC7778678 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s178718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) has aggressive clinical behavior with poor prognosis. Allicin plays a tumor-suppressive role in various cancers, although the role of allicin in OTSCC is unknown. We aimed to investigate the effect of allicin on cell proliferation and apoptosis compared to blank control and cis-platinum in OTSCC. Methods Tca-8113 and SCC-25 cells were treated with non-stimulated control, 12.5 µg/mL allicin, 25 µg/mL allicin, 50 µg/mL allicin, and 40 µg/mL cis-platinum, which were divided into blank control, allicin 12.5 µg/mL, allicin 25 µg/mL, allicin 50 µg/mL, and cis-platinum 40 µg/mL groups, respectively. Cell proliferation was determined by the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Cell apoptosis was detected by annexin V/propidium iodide and Western blot assays. Results In Tca-8113 and SCC-25 cells, cell proliferation was inhibited by 40 μg/mL cis-platinum, 12.5 μg/mL allicin, 25 μg/mL allicin, and 50 μg/mL allicin. Cell apoptosis was promoted by 40 μg/mL cis-platinum, 12.5 μg/mL allicin, 25 μg/mL allicin, and 50 μg/mL allicin, while compared to 40 μg/mL cis-platinum, it was increased by 50 μg/mL allicin. Western blot assay revealed that expression of pro-apoptosis protein Bax and C-Caspase 3 increased, but apoptosis-inhibitory protein Bcl-2 expression decreased with 40 μg/mL cis-platinum, 12.5 μg/mL allicin, 25 μg/mL allicin, and 50 μg/mL allicin, while compared to 40 μg/mL cis-platinum, Bax and C-Caspase 3 expression was increased by 50 μg/mL allicin. Conclusion Allicin was shown to have good efficacy in repressing cell proliferation as well as facilitating cell apoptosis in OTSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Guo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongli Liu
- School of Stomatology, Cangzhou Medical College, Cangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Systematic analysis of molecular mechanism of resveratrol for treating pulmonary hypertension based on network pharmacology technology. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 888:173466. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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21
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Zhang S, Wang J, Qi X, Tao X, Xie W, Wan J, Shen YH, Zhai Z. Plasminogen activator Inhibitor-2 inhibits pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation in pulmonary arterial hypertension via PI3K/Akt and ERK signaling. Exp Cell Res 2020; 398:112392. [PMID: 33227315 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and subsequent pulmonary vascular remodeling leads to pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Understanding the underlying mechanisms and identifying molecules that can suppress PASMCs proliferation is critical for developing effective pharmacological treatment. We previously showed that plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 (PAI-2) inhibited human PASMC (hPASMCs) proliferation in vitro. However, its inhibitory effect on PAH remains to be determined, and the mechanism remains to be illustrated. METHODS We compared serum PAI-2 levels between PAH patients and healthy controls, and examined the correlation between PAI-2 level and disease severity. In monocrotaline-induced PAH rats, we examined the effects of exogenous PAI-2 administration on pulmonary vascular remodeling and PAH development. The effect of PAI-2 and potential mechanisms was further examined in cultured hPASMCs. RESULTS The serum PAI-2 was decreased in PAH patients compared with controls. PAI-2 level was negatively correlated with mean pulmonary arterial pressure and estimated systolic pulmonary arterial pressure in ultrasonic cardiogram, while positively correlated with 6-min walking distance. In rats, administration of exogenous PAI-2 significantly reversed monocrotaline-induced PAH, as indicated by the decrease in right ventricle systolic pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy index and percent media thickness of pulmonary arterioles. Further mechanistic investigation in hPASMCs showed that PAI-2 inhibited cell proliferation by preventing the activation of PI3K/Akt and ERK pathways. CONCLUSION PAI-2 is downregulated in PAH patients. PAI-2 attenuates PAH development by suppressing hPASMCs proliferation via the inhibition of PI3K/Akt and ERK pathways. PAI-2 may serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xianmei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathophysiology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xincao Tao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Wanmu Xie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ying H Shen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhenguo Zhai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China.
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Mirhadi E, Roufogalis BD, Banach M, Barati M, Sahebkar A. Resveratrol: Mechanistic and therapeutic perspectives in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Pharmacol Res 2020; 163:105287. [PMID: 33157235 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol, trans 3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene, is a stilbenoid polyphenol with a wide range of properties including antioxidant, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. It is found in the skins of grape (50-100 μg/mL), red wine, peanuts, bilberries, blueberries and cranberries. The most important effects of resveratrol have been found in cardiovascular disease, with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) being a major severe and progressive component. Many factors are involved in the pathogenesis of PAH, including enzymes, transcription factors, proteins, chemokines, cytokines, hypoxia, oxidative stress and others. Resveratrol treats PAH through its actions on various signaling pathways. These signaling pathways are mainly suppressed SphK1-mediated NF-κB activation, BMP/SMAD signaling pathway, miR-638 and NR4A3/cyclin D1 pathway, SIRT1 pathway, Nrf-2, HIF-1 α expression, MAPK/ERK1 and PI3K/AKT pathways, and RhoA-ROCK signaling pathway. Resveratrol efficiently inhibits the proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells and right ventricular remodeling, which are underlying processes leading to enhanced PAH. While supportive evidence from randomized controlled trials is yet to be available, current in vitro and in vivo studies seem to be convincing and suggest a therapeutic promise for the use of resveratrol in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Mirhadi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Basil D Roufogalis
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland; Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
| | - Mehdi Barati
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Ferreira AC, Serejo JS, Durans R, Pereira Costa JM, Maciel AWS, Vieira ASM, Dias-Filho CAA, Dias CJ, Bomfim MRQ, Mostarda CT, Brito-Monzani JDO. Dose-related Effects of Resveratrol in Different Models of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Systematic Review. Curr Cardiol Rev 2020; 16:231-240. [PMID: 31797762 PMCID: PMC7536808 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x15666191203110554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) is a severe and progressive disease of pulmonary arterioles. This pathology is characterized by elevation of the pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary arterial pressure, leading to right heart failure and death. Studies have demonstrated that resveratrol possesses a protective effect on the mechanisms related to the genesis of the PAH-induced by different models. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the dose-related effects of resveratrol in different models of pulmonary arterial hypertension. METHODS To identify eligible papers, we performed a systematic literature search on Scielo, Pub- Med, and Scholar Google. The research was limited to articles written in English in the last 10 years. We used the following descriptors to search: Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Resveratrol, OR Resveratrol, and Animal models of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension, OR Resveratrol, and in vitro models of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. RESULTS 1724 studies were identified through the descriptors used, fifty-five studies with different models of pulmonary arterial hypertension were selected for the full review, forty-four were excluded after application of exclusion and inclusion criteria, totalizing eleven studies included in this systematic review. CONCLUSION The results showed that resveratrol, at low and high doses, protects in a dosedependent manner against the development of PAH induced through monocrotaline, normoxia and hypoxia models. In addition to having chemopreventive, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiproliferative properties. In the case of PAH-related myocardial injury, resveratrol protects cells from apoptosis, thus working as an antiapoptotic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa C Ferreira
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Jerdianny S Serejo
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Rafael Durans
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Jadna M Pereira Costa
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Antonio W S Maciel
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Adeilson S M Vieira
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Carlos A A Dias-Filho
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Carlos J Dias
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | | | - Cristiano T Mostarda
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
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Si L, Zhang M, Guan E, Han Q, Liu Y, Long X, Long F, Zhao RCH, Huang J, Liu Z, Zhao R, Zhang H, Wang X. Resveratrol inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of keloid fibroblasts by targeting HIF-1α. J Plast Surg Hand Surg 2020; 54:290-296. [PMID: 32493094 DOI: 10.1080/2000656x.2020.1771719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A keloid is characterized by red, tickling, hard, and irregular raised tissues, and it tends to outgrow its origin. It frequently occurs in young adults and appears to be refractory to prevailing therapies. Resveratrol is a new drug that has anti-proliferative effect. In this study, keloid-derived fibroblasts were cultured under hypoxia environment and was treated by resveratrol. CCK-8 assay and Annexin V-FITC were used to evaluate cell activity and apoptosis level. Western blot and RT-qPCR were also used to assess the expression of HIF-α, Collagen I and Collagen III. Besides, siRNA was also used to explore the mechanisms of resveratrol's effect. In this study, hypoxia promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis of keloid fibroblasts. These findings highlight the potential obstacle in treating keloids. Furthermore, we demonstrated that resveratrol could reverse the effect of hypoxia on keloids through down-regulation of HIF-1α. Moreover, collagen synthesis in keloid fibroblasts was also inhibited by resveratrol, which corresponded with HIF-1α suppression. These results provide evidence for resveratrol's treatment effect against keloids through inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting cell apoptosis, while, HIF-1α may play the key role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loubin Si
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mingzi Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Enling Guan
- Department of Ear-Nose-Throat, Qingdao Huangdao District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong, China
| | - Qin Han
- Department of Ear-Nose-Throat, Qingdao Huangdao District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong, China
| | - Yifang Liu
- International Education College, Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Long
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Long
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Robert Chun-Hua Zhao
- Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiuzuo Huang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifei Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ru Zhao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hailin Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
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25
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Liu YY, Zhang WY, Wang CG, Huang JA, Jiang JH, Zeng DX. Resveratrol prevented experimental pulmonary vascular remodeling via miR-638 regulating NR4A3/cyclin D1 pathway. Microvasc Res 2020; 130:103988. [PMID: 32057731 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2020.103988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Resveratrol has shown benefit for pulmonary hypertension improvement. Our previous reports showed NR4A3/cyclin D1 pathway promoted pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) proliferation. This study tried to explore the mechanism underlying this process, focusing on the role of resveratrol in regulation of miRNA and NR4A3. METHODS Rats were injected with monocrotaline (MCT) to establish pulmonary hypertension (PH) models. Resveratrol was used to prevent pulmonary vascular remodeling. Primary rat PASMCs were cultured in vitro and stimulated by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) with or without resveratrol. Cells proliferation and expression of miR-638 as well as NR4A3 were evaluated. RESULTS MCT resulted in significant pulmonary vascular remodeling and down-regulation of miR-638, which could be suppressed by resveratrol. Moreover, PDGF-induced PASMC proliferation and miR-638 down-regulation were both significantly prevented by resveratrol treatment in vitro. MiR-638 mimics markedly inhibited PASMC proliferation and percentage of PCNA-positive cells in vitro. But anti-miR-638 could markedly promote cells proliferation and percentage of PCNA-positive cells. The luciferase reporter assay showed that NR4A3 was a direct target of miR-638. The loss-of-function and gain-of-function experiments indicated that NR4A3 promoted proliferation via cyclin D1 pathway. CONCLUSION Our data indicated that resveratrol prevented MCT-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling via miR-638 regulating NR4A3/cyclin D1 pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclin D1/genetics
- Cyclin D1/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/drug therapy
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/genetics
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/pathology
- Male
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/drug effects
- Pulmonary Artery/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/pathology
- Rats, Wistar
- Resveratrol/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction
- Vascular Remodeling/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Wei-Yun Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Chang-Guo Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Jian-An Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Jung-Hong Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Da-Xiong Zeng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
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26
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Chelladurai P, Boucherat O, Stenmark K, Kracht M, Seeger W, Bauer UM, Bonnet S, Pullamsetti SS. Targeting histone acetylation in pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:54-71. [PMID: 31749139 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation and histone post-translational modifications (PTMs), have been known to regulate chromatin structure and lineage-specific gene expression during cardiovascular development and disease. However, alterations in the landscape of histone PTMs and their contribution to the pathogenesis of incurable cardiovascular diseases such as pulmonary hypertension (PH) and associated right heart failure (RHF) remain largely unexplored. This review focusses on the studies in PH and RHF that investigated the gene families that write (histone acetyltransferases), read (bromodomain-containing proteins) or erase (histone deacetylases [HDACs] and sirtuins [SIRT]) acetyl moieties from the ε-amino group of lysine residues of histones and non-histone proteins. Analysis of cells and tissues isolated from the in vivo preclinical models of PH and human pulmonary arterial hypertension not only confirmed significant alterations in the expression levels of multiple HDACs, SIRT1, SIRT3 and BRD4 proteins but also demonstrated their strong association to proliferative, inflammatory and fibrotic phenotypes linked to the pathological vascular remodelling process. Due to the reversible nature of post-translational protein acetylation, the therapeutic efficacy of numerous small-molecule inhibitors (vorinostat, valproic acid, sodium butyrate, mocetinostat, entinostat, tubastatin A, apabetalone, JQ1 and resveratrol) have been evaluated in different preclinical models of cardiovascular disease, which revealed the promising therapeutic benefits of targeting histone acetylation pathways in the attenuation of cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, left heart dysfunction, PH and RHF. This review also emphasizes the need for deeper molecular insights into the contribution of epigenetic changes to PH pathogenesis and therapeutic evaluation of isoform-specific modulation in ex vivo and in vivo models of PH and RHF. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Risk factors, comorbidities, and comedications in cardioprotection. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.1/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Chelladurai
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Olivier Boucherat
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Kurt Stenmark
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatrics-Critical Care, Depts of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Michael Kracht
- Rudolf-Buchheim-Institute of Pharmacology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the DZL, Member of CPI, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Uta-Maria Bauer
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sébastien Bonnet
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Soni Savai Pullamsetti
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the DZL, Member of CPI, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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27
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Impact of Nutrition on Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010169. [PMID: 31936113 PMCID: PMC7019983 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by sustained vasoconstriction, vascular remodeling, inflammation, and in situ thrombosis. Although there have been important advances in the knowledge of the pathophysiology of PAH, it remains a debilitating, limiting, and rapidly progressive disease. Vitamin D and iron deficiency are worldwide health problems of pandemic proportions. Notably, these nutritional alterations are largely more prevalent in PAH patients than in the general population and there are several pieces of evidence suggesting that they may trigger or aggravate disease progression. There are also several case reports associating scurvy, due to severe vitamin C deficiency, with PAH. Flavonoids such as quercetin, isoflavonoids such as genistein, and other dietary polyphenols including resveratrol slow the progression of the disease in animal models of PAH. Finally, the role of the gut microbiota and its interplay with the diet, host immune system, and energy metabolism is emerging in multiple cardiovascular diseases. The alteration of the gut microbiota has also been reported in animal models of PAH. It is thus possible that in the near future interventions targeting the nutritional status and the gut dysbiosis will improve the outcome of these patients.
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28
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Sirtuin 1 regulates pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation: role in pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Hypertens 2019; 36:1164-1177. [PMID: 29369849 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Energy metabolism shift from oxidative phosphorylation toward glycolysis in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) is suggested to be involved in their hyperproliferation in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Here, we studied the role of the deacetylase sirtuin1 (SIRT1) in energy metabolism regulation in PASMCs via various pathways including activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. APPROACH AND RESULTS Contents of PGC-1α and its downstream targets as well as markers of mitochondrial mass (voltage-dependent anion channel and citrate synthase) were diminished in human PAH PASMCs. These cells and platelet-derived growth factor-stimulated rat PASMCs demonstrated a shift in cellular acetylated/deacetylated state, as evidenced by the increase of the acetylated forms of SIRT1 targets: histone H1 and Forkhead box protein O1. Rat and human PASMC proliferation was potentiated by SIRT1 pharmacological inhibition or specific downregulation via short-interfering RNA. Moreover, after chronic hypoxia exposure, SIRT1 inducible knock out mice displayed a more intense vascular remodeling compared with their control littermates, which was associated with an increase in right ventricle pressure and hypertrophy. SIRT1 activator Stac-3 decreased the acetylation of histone H1 and Forkhead box protein O1 and strongly inhibited rat and human PASMC proliferation without affecting cell mortality. This effect was associated with the activation of mitochondrial biogenesis evidenced by higher expression of mitochondrial markers and downstream targets of PGC-1α. CONCLUSION Altered acetylation/deacetylation balance as the result of SIRT1 inactivation is involved in the pathogenesis of PAH, and this enzyme could be a promising therapeutic target for PAH treatment.
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Krystofova J, Pathipati P, Russ J, Sheldon A, Ferriero D. The Arginase Pathway in Neonatal Brain Hypoxia-Ischemia. Dev Neurosci 2019; 40:437-450. [PMID: 30995639 PMCID: PMC6784534 DOI: 10.1159/000496467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain damage after hypoxia-ischemia (HI) occurs in an age-dependent manner. Neuroprotective strategies assumed to be effective in adults might have deleterious effects in the immature brain. In order to create effective therapies, the complex pathophysiology of HI in the developing brain requires exploring new mechanisms. Critical determinants of neuronal survival after HI are the extent of vascular dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress, followed later by tissue repair. The key enzyme of these processes in the human body is arginase (ARG) that acts via the bioavailability of nitric oxide, and the synthesis of polyamines and proline. ARG is expressed throughout the brain in different cells. However, little is known about the effect of ARG in pathophysiological states of the brain, especially hypoxia-ischemia. Here, we summarize the role of ARG during neurodevelopment as well as in various brain pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Krystofova
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA,
| | - Praneeti Pathipati
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey Russ
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ann Sheldon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Donna Ferriero
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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30
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Semen KO, Bast A. Towards improved pharmacotherapy in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Can diet play a role? Clin Nutr ESPEN 2019; 30:159-169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.12.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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31
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Breuss JM, Atanasov AG, Uhrin P. Resveratrol and Its Effects on the Vascular System. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1523. [PMID: 30934670 PMCID: PMC6479680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol, the phenolic substance isolated initially from Veratrum grandiflorum and richly present in grapes, wine, peanuts, soy, and berries, has been attracting attention of scientists and medical doctors for many decades. Herein, we review its effects on the vascular system. Studies utilizing cell cultures and pre-clinical models showed that resveratrol alleviates oxidative stress and inflammation. Furthermore, resveratrol suppresses vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, promotes autophagy, and has been investigated in the context of vascular senescence. Pre-clinical models unambiguously demonstrated numerous vasculoprotective effects of resveratrol. In clinical trials, resveratrol moderately diminished systolic blood pressure in hypertensive patients, as well as blood glucose in patients with diabetes mellitus. Yet, open questions remain, as exemplified by a recent report which states that the intake of resveratrol might blunt certain positive effects of exercise in older persons, and further research addressing the framework for long-term use of resveratrol as a food supplement, will stay in demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes M Breuss
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Pavel Uhrin
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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32
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Li Q, Wu J, Xu Y, Liu L, Xie J. Role of RASEF hypermethylation in cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary arterial smooth muscle remodeling. Respir Res 2019; 20:52. [PMID: 30845941 PMCID: PMC6407244 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive and fatal disease. While cigarette smoke can change DNA methylation status, the role of such molecular alterations in smoke-associated PH is unclear. Methods A PH rat model was developed by exposing animals to cigarette smoke for 3 months. Right ventricular systolic pressure was measured with a right heart catheter. Histological changes (right ventricular hypertrophy index, medial wall thickness in pulmonary arteries (PAs)) and DNMT1 protein levels in rat PAs or primary human PA smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs) exposed to cigarette smoke extract were assessed. Methylation sequencing and MassArray® were used to detect genomic and RASEF promoter methylation status, respectively. After DNMT1 knockdown and cigarette smoke extract exposure, HPASMCs behavior (proliferation, migration) and RASEF methylation status were examined; RASEF mRNA expression was evaluated by real-time-polymerase chain reaction. RASEF overexpression viral vectors were used to assess the impact of RASEF on rat PH and HPASMCs remodeling. Results Higher right ventricular systolic pressure, medial wall thickness, and right ventricular hypertrophy index values were observed in the smoking group rats. Smoke exposure increased DNMT1 expression and RASEF methylation levels in rat PAs and HPASMCs. Cigarette smoke extract induced HPASMCs behavioral changes and RASEF hypermethylation followed by silencing, while DNMT1 knockdown markedly inhibited these changes. RASEF overexpression distinctly inhibited PH and HPASMCs remodeling, possibly through phospho-AKT (Ser473), PCNA, and MMP9 downregulation. Conclusions Cigarette smoke caused PA remodeling in PH rats related to RASEF hypermethylation. These results expand our understanding of key epigenetic mechanisms in cigarette smoke-associated PH and potentially provide a novel therapeutic target for PH. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-019-1014-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghai Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266011, China
| | - Jixing Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yongjian Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Jungang Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Efremov YR, Proskurina AS, Potter EA, Dolgova EV, Efremova OV, Taranov OS, Ostanin AA, Chernykh ER, Kolchanov NA, Bogachev SS. Cancer Stem Cells: Emergent Nature of Tumor Emergency. Front Genet 2018; 9:544. [PMID: 30505319 PMCID: PMC6250818 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A functional analysis of 167 genes overexpressed in Krebs-2 tumor initiating cells was performed. In the first part of the study, the genes were analyzed for their belonging to one or more of the three groups, which represent the three major phenotypic manifestation of malignancy of cancer cells, namely (1) proliferative self-sufficiency, (2) invasive growth and metastasis, and (3) multiple drug resistance. 96 genes out of 167 were identified as possible contributors to at least one of these fundamental properties. It was also found that substantial part of these genes are also known as genes responsible for formation and/or maintenance of the stemness of normal pluri-/multipotent stem cells. These results suggest that the malignancy is simply the ability to maintain the stem cell specific genes expression profile, and, as a consequence, the stemness itself regardless of the controlling effect of stem niches. In the second part of the study, three stress factors combined into the single concept of "generalized cellular stress," which are assumed to activate the expression of these genes, were defined. In addition, possible mechanisms for such activation were identified. The data obtained suggest the existence of a mechanism for the de novo formation of a pluripotent/stem phenotype in the subpopulation of "committed" tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslav R Efremov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anastasia S Proskurina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Potter
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgenia V Dolgova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oksana V Efremova
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oleg S Taranov
- The State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector, Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Aleksandr A Ostanin
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena R Chernykh
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay A Kolchanov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey S Bogachev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Shi W, Zhai C, Feng W, Wang J, Zhu Y, Li S, Wang Q, Zhang Q, Yan X, Chai L, Liu P, Chen Y, Li M. Resveratrol inhibits monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial remodeling by suppression of SphK1-mediated NF-κB activation. Life Sci 2018; 210:140-149. [PMID: 30179628 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aims to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) inducing pulmonary vascular remodeling and resveratrol suppressing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). MATERIAL AND METHODS monocrotaline (MCT) was used to induce PAH in rats. The right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), right ventricle hypertrophy index (RVHI) and histological analyses including hematoxylin and eosin staining, the percentage of medial wall thickness (%MT), α-SMA staining and Ki67 staining were performed to evaluate the development of PAH. Protein levels of SphK1, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB)-p65 and cyclin D1 were determined using immunoblotting. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) concentration was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. KEY FINDINGS SphK1 protein level, S1P production, NF-κB activation and cyclin D1 expression were significantly increased in MCT-induced PAH rats. Inhibition of SphK1 by PF543 suppressed S1P synthesis and NF-κB activation and down-regulated cyclin D1 expression in PAH rats. Suppression of NF-κB by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) also reduced cyclin D1 expression in PAH model. Treatment of PAH rats with either PF543 or PDTC dramatically decreased RVSP, RVHI and %MT and reduced pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells proliferation and pulmonary vessel muscularization. In addition, resveratrol effectively inhibited the development of PAH by suppression of SphK1/S1P-mediated NF-κB activation and subsequent cyclin D1 expression. SIGNIFICANCE SphK1/S1P signaling induces the development of PAH by activation of NF-κB and subsequent up-regulation of cyclin D1 expression. Resveratrol inhibits the MCT-induced PAH by targeting on SphK1 and reverses the downstream changes of SphK1, indicating that resveratrol might be a therapeutic agent for the prevention of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Shaanxi Province Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgery Engineering Research, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Cui Zhai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Shaanxi Province Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgery Engineering Research, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Shaanxi Province Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgery Engineering Research, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yanting Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Shaojun Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Qingting Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Limin Chai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Pengtao Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yuqian Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Manxiang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
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MiR-23a regulates the proliferation and migration of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs) through targeting BMPR2/Smad1 signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:1279-1286. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Xiang L, Li Y, Deng X, Kosanovic D, Schermuly RT, Li X. Natural plant products in treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Pulm Circ 2018; 8:2045894018784033. [PMID: 29869936 PMCID: PMC6055327 DOI: 10.1177/2045894018784033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe disease characterized by
progressive remodeling of distal pulmonary arteries and persistent elevation of
pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), which leads to right ventricular
dysfunction, heart failure, and eventually death. Although treatment
responsiveness for this disease is improving, it continues to be a
life-threatening condition. With the clinical efficacy of natural plant products
being fully confirmed by years of practice, more and more recognition and
attention have been obtained from the international pharmaceutical industry.
Moreover, studies over the past decades have demonstrated that drugs derived
from natural plants show unique advantages and broad application prospects in
PAH treatment, not to mention the historical application of Chinese traditional
medicine in cardiopulmonary diseases. In this review, we focus on summarizing
natural plant compounds with therapeutic properties in PAH, according to the
extracts, fractions, and pure compounds from plants into categories, hoping it
to be helpful for basic research and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Xiang
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Li
- 2 Department of Health Management, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,3 Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha, China
| | - Xu Deng
- 4 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Djuro Kosanovic
- 5 Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralph Theo Schermuly
- 5 Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Xiaohui Li
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,3 Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha, China
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Uhrin P, Wang D, Mocan A, Waltenberger B, Breuss JM, Tewari D, Mihaly-Bison J, Huminiecki Ł, Starzyński RR, Tzvetkov NT, Horbańczuk J, Atanasov AG. Vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation as a therapeutic target. Part 2: Natural products inhibiting proliferation. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1608-1621. [PMID: 29678389 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Many natural products have been so far tested regarding their potency to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, a process involved in atherosclerosis, pulmonary hypertension and restenosis. Compounds studied in vitro and in vivo as VSMC proliferation inhibitors include, for example indirubin-3'-monoxime, resveratrol, hyperoside, plumericin, pelargonidin, zerumbone and apamin. Moreover, taxol and rapamycin, the most prominent compounds applied in drug-eluting stents to counteract restenosis, are natural products. Numerous studies show that natural products have proven to yield effective inhibitors of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and ongoing research effort might result in the discovery of further clinically relevant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Uhrin
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, Vienna 1090, Austria.
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Magdalenka 05552, Poland; Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna 1090, Austria; Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Wagistrasse 14, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Strada Victor Babeş 8, Cluj-Napoca 400012, Romania; ICHAT and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca 400372, Romania
| | - Birgit Waltenberger
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Johannes M Breuss
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand 263136, India
| | - Judit Mihaly-Bison
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Łukasz Huminiecki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Magdalenka 05552, Poland
| | - Rafał R Starzyński
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Magdalenka 05552, Poland
| | - Nikolay T Tzvetkov
- Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, Bonn 53121, Germany; NTZ Lab Ltd., Krasno Selo 198, Sofia 1618, Bulgaria
| | - Jarosław Horbańczuk
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Magdalenka 05552, Poland
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Magdalenka 05552, Poland; Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna 1090, Austria.
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Zhang Q, Cao Y, Luo Q, Wang P, Shi P, Song C, E M, Ren J, Fu B, Sun H. The transient receptor potential vanilloid-3 regulates hypoxia-mediated pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells proliferation via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Cell Prolif 2018; 51:e12436. [PMID: 29359496 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTVES Transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 (TRPV3) is a member of the TRP channels family of Ca2+ -permeant cation channels. In this study, we aim to investigate the role of TRPV3 in pulmonary vascular remodeling and PASMCs proliferation under hypoxia. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression of TRPV3 was evaluated in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and hypoxic rats, using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemistry. In vitro, MTT assay, flow cytometry, Western blotting and immunofluorescence were performed to investigate the effects of TRPV3 on proliferation of PASMCs. RESULTS We found that, in vivo, the expression of TRPV3 was increased in patients with PAH and hypoxic rats. Right ventricular hypertrophy measurements and pulmonary pathomorphology data show that the ratio of the heart weight/tibia length (HW/TL), the right ventricle/left ventricle plus septum (RV/LV+S) and the medial width of the pulmonary artery were increased in chronic hypoxic rats. Moreover, the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Cyclin D, Cyclin E and Cyclin A, phospho-CaMKII (p-CaMKII) were induced by hypoxia. In vitro, we revealed that hypoxia promoted PASMCs viability, increased the expression of PCNA, Cyclin D, Cyclin E, Cyclin A p-CaMKII, made more cells from G0 /G1 phase to G2 /M + S phase, enhanced the microtubule formation, and increased [Ca2+ ]i , which could be suppressed by Ruthenium Red, an inhibitor of TRPV3, and TRPV3 silencing has similar effects. Furthermore, the up-regulated expression of PCNA, Cyclin D, Cyclin E and Cyclin A, the increased number of cells in G2 /M and S phase, and the enhanced activation and expression of PI3K and AKT proteins induced by hypoxia and in presence of carvacrol (an agonist of TRPV3), was significantly attenuated by incubation of LY 294002, a specific inhibitor for PI3K/AKT. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that TRPV3 is involved in hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling and promotes proliferation of PASMCs and the effect is, at least in part, mediated via the PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianlong Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Yonggang Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Qian Luo
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Pilong Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Chao Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Mingyao E
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Bowen Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Hongli Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
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Zhu XD, Lei XP, Dong WB. Resveratrol as a potential therapeutic drug for respiratory system diseases. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2017; 11:3591-3598. [PMID: 29290681 PMCID: PMC5736354 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s148868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory system diseases are common and major ailments that seriously endanger human health. Resveratrol, a polyphenolic phytoalexin, is considered an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer agent. Thanks to its wide range of biological activities, resveratrol has become a hotspot in many fields, including respiratory system diseases. Indeed, research has demonstrated that resveratrol is helpful to relieve pulmonary function in the general population. Meanwhile, growing evidence indicates that resveratrol plays a protective role in respiratory system diseases. This review aimed to summarize the main protective effects of resveratrol in respiratory system diseases, including its anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, antioxidant, antifibrotic, antihypertensive, and anticancer activities. We found that resveratrol plays a protective role in the respiratory system through a variety of mechanisms, and so it may become a new drug for the treatment of respiratory system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dan Zhu
- Department of Newborn Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ping Lei
- Department of Newborn Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bin Dong
- Department of Newborn Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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40
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Morris SM, You H, Gao T, Vacher J, Cooper TK, Awad AS. Distinct roles of arginases 1 and 2 in diabetic nephropathy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 313:F899-F905. [PMID: 28446459 PMCID: PMC5668588 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00158.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease, resulting in a significant health care burden and loss of economic productivity by affected individuals. Because current therapies for progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN) are only moderately successful, identification of underlying mechanisms of disease is essential to develop more effective therapies. We showed previously that inhibition of arginase using S-(2-boronoethyl)-l-cysteine (BEC) or genetic deficiency of the arginase-2 isozyme was protective against key features of nephropathy in diabetic mouse models. However, those studies did not determine whether all markers of DN were dependent only on arginase-2 expression. The objective of this study was to identify features of DN that are associated specifically with expression of arginase-1 or -2. Elevated urinary albumin excretion rate and plasma urea levels, increases in renal fibronectin mRNA levels, and decreased renal medullary blood flow were associated almost completely and specifically with arginase-2 expression, indicating that arginase-2 selectively mediates major aspects of diabetic renal injury. However, increases in renal macrophage infiltration and renal TNF-α mRNA levels occurred independent of arginase-2 expression but were almost entirely abolished by treatment with BEC, indicating a distinct role for arginase-1. We therefore generated mice with a macrophage-specific deletion of arginase-1 (CD11bCre /Arg1fl/fl ). CD11bCre /Arg1fl/fl mice had significantly reduced macrophage infiltration but had no effect on albuminuria compared with Arg1fl/fl mice after 12 wk of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. These results indicate that selective inhibition of arginase-2 would be effective in preventing or ameliorating major features of diabetic renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidney M Morris
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Hanning You
- Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Ting Gao
- Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Jean Vacher
- Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Départment de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada; and
| | - Timothy K Cooper
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Alaa S Awad
- Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania;
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Guan Z, Shen L, Liang H, Yu H, Hei B, Meng X, Yang L. Resveratrol inhibits hypoxia-induced proliferation and migration of pulmonary artery vascular smooth muscle cells by inhibiting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:1653-1660. [PMID: 28656233 PMCID: PMC5562090 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a risk factor for severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which aggravates the disease and may cause mortality by inducing hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH). Proliferation and migration of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) may mediate this effect. Resveratrol is a phenolic compound extracted from a plant and has been reported to alleviate HPH, although the underlying mechanisms remained to be elucidated. In cancer, resveratrol has been reported to abrogate the phosphoinositide 3‑kinase/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting tumor development. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the role of resveratrol in preventing PASMCs from proliferating and migrating. Resveratrol was demonstrated to be inhibitory in a dose‑dependent manner on hypoxia‑induced cell proliferation and migration, and protein expression levels of phosphorylated AKT and AKT. Additionally, resveratrol was identified to act synergistically with LY‑294002, a phosphorylation inhibitor of AKT, but antagonistically with insulin‑like growth factor‑1, an agonist of AKT phosphorylation. This suggested that resveratrol may reduce proliferation and migration by diminishing expression and phosphorylation of AKT, thereby preventing development of HPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanjiang Guan
- Intensive Care Unit, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161099, P.R. China
| | - Li Shen
- Emergency Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161099, P.R. China
| | - Huan Liang
- Intensive Care Unit, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161099, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Yu
- Intensive Care Unit, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161099, P.R. China
| | - Bingchang Hei
- Intensive Care Unit, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161099, P.R. China
| | - Xianguo Meng
- Intensive Care Unit, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161099, P.R. China
| | - Lei Yang
- Intensive Care Unit, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161099, P.R. China
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Xue J, Nelin LD, Chen B. Hypoxia induces arginase II expression and increases viable human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell numbers via AMPKα 1 signaling. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 312:L568-L578. [PMID: 28213467 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00117.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation is one of the hallmark features of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. With only supportive treatment options available for this life-threatening disease, treating and preventing the proliferation of PASMCs is a viable therapeutic option. A key promoter of hypoxia-induced increases in the number of viable human PASMCs is arginase II, with attenuation of viable cell numbers following pharmacologic inhibition or siRNA knockdown of the enzyme. Additionally, increased levels of arginase have been demonstrated in the pulmonary vasculature of patients with pulmonary hypertension. The signaling pathways responsible for the hypoxic induction of arginase II in PASMCs, however, remain unknown. Hypoxia is a recognized activator of AMPK, which is known to be expressed in human PASMCs (hPASMCs). Activation of AMPK by hypoxia has been shown to promote cell survival in PASMCs. In addition, pharmacologic agents targeting AMPK have been shown to attenuate chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in animal models. The present studies tested the hypothesis that hypoxia-induced arginase II expression in hPASMCs is mediated through AMPK signaling. We found that pharmacologic inhibitors of AMPK, as well as siRNA knockdown of AMPKα1, prevented hypoxia-induced arginase II. The hypoxia-induced increase in viable hPASMC numbers was also prevented following both pharmacologic inhibition and siRNA knockdown of AMPK. Furthermore, we demonstrate that overexpression of AMPK induced arginase II protein expression and viable cells numbers in hPASMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjing Xue
- Pulmonary Hypertension Group, Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; and
| | - Leif D Nelin
- Pulmonary Hypertension Group, Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; and.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Bernadette Chen
- Pulmonary Hypertension Group, Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; and .,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Liu B, Ren KD, Peng JJ, Li T, Luo XJ, Fan C, Yang JF, Peng J. Suppression of NADPH oxidase attenuates hypoxia-induced dysfunctions of endothelial progenitor cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 482:1080-1087. [PMID: 27913300 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
NADPH oxidases (NOX) - derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to oxidative injury in hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension. This study aims to evaluate the status of NOX in endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) under hypoxic condition and to determine whether NOX inhibitors could attenuate hypoxia-induced dysfunctions of EPCs. EPCs were isolated from peripheral blood of SD rats and subjected to hypoxia (O2/N2/CO2, 1/94/5) for 24 h. The cells were collected for β-galactosidase or Hoechst staining, or for functional analysis (migration, adhesion and tube formation). The NOX expression, activity and H2O2 content in EPCs were measured. The results showed that hypoxia treatment promoted EPC senescence and apoptosis, accompanied by the deteriorated functions of EPCs (the reduced abilities in adhesion, migration and tube formation), as well as an increase in NOX2 and NOX4 expression, NOX activity and H2O2 production, these phenomena were attenuated by NOX inhibitors. Furthermore, administration of catalase could also improve the functions of hypoxia-treated EPCs. Based on these observations, we conclude that NOX-derived ROS contributes to the dysfunctions of EPCs under hypoxic condition. Thus, suppression of NOX may provide a novel strategy to improve endothelial functions in hypoxia-relevant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China; Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Kai-Di Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Jing-Jie Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Xiu-Ju Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Chengming Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410011, Changsha, China
| | - Jin-Fu Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410011, Changsha, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
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Huetsch JC, Suresh K, Bernier M, Shimoda LA. Update on novel targets and potential treatment avenues in pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L811-L831. [PMID: 27591245 PMCID: PMC5130539 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00302.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a condition marked by a combination of constriction and remodeling within the pulmonary vasculature. It remains a disease without a cure, as current treatments were developed with a focus on vasodilatory properties but do not reverse the remodeling component. Numerous recent advances have been made in the understanding of cellular processes that drive pathologic remodeling in each layer of the vessel wall as well as the accompanying maladaptive changes in the right ventricle. In particular, the past few years have yielded much improved insight into the pathways that contribute to altered metabolism, mitochondrial function, and reactive oxygen species signaling and how these pathways promote the proproliferative, promigratory, and antiapoptotic phenotype of the vasculature during PH. Additionally, there have been significant advances in numerous other pathways linked to PH pathogenesis, such as sex hormones and perivascular inflammation. Novel insights into cellular pathology have suggested new avenues for the development of both biomarkers and therapies that will hopefully bring us closer to the elusive goal: a therapy leading to reversal of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Huetsch
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Karthik Suresh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Meghan Bernier
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Larissa A Shimoda
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
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Prakash YS. Emerging concepts in smooth muscle contributions to airway structure and function: implications for health and disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L1113-L1140. [PMID: 27742732 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00370.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway structure and function are key aspects of normal lung development, growth, and aging, as well as of lung responses to the environment and the pathophysiology of important diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and fibrosis. In this regard, the contributions of airway smooth muscle (ASM) are both functional, in the context of airway contractility and relaxation, as well as synthetic, involving production and modulation of extracellular components, modulation of the local immune environment, cellular contribution to airway structure, and, finally, interactions with other airway cell types such as epithelium, fibroblasts, and nerves. These ASM contributions are now found to be critical in airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling that occur in lung diseases. This review emphasizes established and recent discoveries that underline the central role of ASM and sets the stage for future research toward understanding how ASM plays a central role by being both upstream and downstream in the many interactive processes that determine airway structure and function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Prakash
- Departments of Anesthesiology, and Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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46
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Xia XD, Lee J, Khan S, Ye L, Li Y, Dong L. Suppression of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Signaling Attenuates Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension Through the Downregulation of Lysyl Oxidase. DNA Cell Biol 2016; 35:599-606. [PMID: 27383273 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2016.3342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysyl oxidase (LOX) is a copper-dependent enzyme that catalyzes covalent cross-linking of collagen. In response to hypoxia, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is activated and contributes to pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, potential role of LOX in hypoxia-induced PAH is poorly understood. In this study, we explored the mechanism responsible for the development of hypoxia-induced PAH. Potent inhibitors of PI3K/Akt and LOX, wortmannin and β-aminopropionitrile (β-APN), were administrated in rat model of hypoxia-induced PAH. The cross-linking of collagen was assessed by the determination of hydroxyproline. LOX, LOXL-1, LOXL-2, LOXL-3, LOXL-4, Akt, and phospho-Akt expression was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. We observed that collagen cross-linking and LOX activity were elevated in hypoxia-exposed rat lung tissue, but these effects were reversed by β-APN and wortmannin. In addition, exposure to hypoxia enhanced mRNA and protein expression and activity of LOX and LOXL-1 in a PI3K/Akt-dependent manner and induced the development of PAH. After the administration of wortmannin, the upregulation of LOX and cross-linking of collagen were significantly reversed in hypoxia-exposed rat pulmonary artery tissue. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that the upregulation of LOX expression and collagen cross-linking is PI3K/Akt dependent in rat with hypoxia-induced PAH. Suppression of PI3K/Akt pathway may alleviate hypoxia-induced PAH through the downregulation of LOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Xia
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University , Jinan, China .,2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, China
| | - Jasmine Lee
- 3 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free and Barnet Hospital , London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sajid Khan
- 3 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free and Barnet Hospital , London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leping Ye
- 2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuan Li
- 2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, China
| | - Liang Dong
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University , Jinan, China
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Xu ZW, Chen X, Jin XH, Meng XY, Zhou X, Fan FX, Mao SY, Wang Y, Zhang WC, Shan NN, Li YM, Xu RC. SILAC-based proteomic analysis reveals that salidroside antagonizes cobalt chloride-induced hypoxic effects by restoring the tricarboxylic acid cycle in cardiomyocytes. J Proteomics 2015; 130:211-20. [PMID: 26435418 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxic status alters the energy metabolism and induces cell injury in cardiomyocytes, and it further triggers the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases. Our previous studies have shown that salidroside (SAL) exhibits anti-hypoxic activity. However, the mechanisms remain obscure. In the present study, we successfully screened 92 different expression proteins in CoCl2-induced hypoxic conditions, 106 different expression proteins in the SAL-mediated anti-hypoxic group were compared with the hypoxic group using quantitative proteomics strategy, respectively. We confirmed that SAL showed a positive protective function involving the acetyl-CoA metabolic, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle using bioinformatics analysis. We also demonstrated that SAL plays a critical role in restoring the TCA cycle and in protecting cardiomyocytes from oxidative injury via up-regulation expressions of PDHE1-B, ACO2, SUCLG1, SUCLG2 and down-regulation of MDH2. SAL also inhibited H9c2 cell apoptosis by inhibiting the activation of pro-apoptotic molecules caspase 3 and caspase 9 as well as activation of the anti-apoptotic molecular Bcl-2. Additionally, SAL also improved mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and intercellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) accumulation and inhibited the excessive consumption of ATP in H9c2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Wei Xu
- Central Laboratory, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, 300309, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Biomarkers of Occupational and Environmental Hazard, Tianjin 300309, China
| | - Xiao-Han Jin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Xiang-Yan Meng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300309, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Feng-Xu Fan
- Central Laboratory, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, 300309, China
| | - Shi-Yun Mao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Biomarkers of Occupational and Environmental Hazard, Tianjin 300309, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Biomarkers of Occupational and Environmental Hazard, Tianjin 300309, China
| | - Wen-Cheng Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Na-Na Shan
- Central Laboratory, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, 300309, China
| | - Yu-Ming Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Tianjin 300162, China.
| | - Rui-Cheng Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Biomarkers of Occupational and Environmental Hazard, Tianjin 300309, China.
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Activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway is involved in lipocalin-2-promoted human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 410:207-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2553-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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49
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Liu FC, Tsai YF, Tsai HI, Yu HP. Anti-Inflammatory and Organ-Protective Effects of Resveratrol in Trauma-Hemorrhagic Injury. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:643763. [PMID: 26273141 PMCID: PMC4529946 DOI: 10.1155/2015/643763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol, a natural polyphenolic compound of grape and red wine, owns potential anti-inflammatory effects, which results in the reduction of cytokines overproduction, the inhibition of neutrophil activity, and the alteration of adhesion molecules expression. Resveratrol also possesses antioxidant, anti-coagulation and anti-aging properties, and it may control of cell cycle and apoptosis. Resveratrol has been shown to reduce organ damage following traumatic and shock-like states. Such protective phenomenon is reported to be implicated in a variety of intracellular signaling pathways including the activation of estrogen receptor, the regulation of the sirtuin 1/nuclear factor-kappa B and mitogen-activated protein kinases/hemeoxygenase-1 pathway, and the mediation of proinflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species formation and reaction. In the recent studies, resveratrol attenuates hepatocyte injury and improves cardiac contractility due to reduction of proinflammatory mediator expression and ameliorates hypoxia-induced liver and kidney mitochondrial dysfunction following trauma and hemorrhagic injuries. Moreover, through anti-inflammatory effects and antioxidant properties, the resveratrol is believed to protect organ function in trauma-hemorrhagic injury. In this review, the organ-protective and anti-inflammatory effects of resveratrol in trauma-hemorrhagic injury will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Chao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Fong Tsai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-I Tsai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Ping Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
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50
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Lou Y, Wang Z, Xu Y, Zhou P, Cao J, Li Y, Chen Y, Sun J, Fu L. Resveratrol prevents doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in H9c2 cells through the inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress and the activation of the Sirt1 pathway. Int J Mol Med 2015. [PMID: 26202177 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment with doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the major causes of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity and is therefore, the principal limiting factor in the effectiveness of chemotherapy for cancer patients. DOX‑induced heart failure is thought to result from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Resveratrol (RV), a polyphenol antioxidant found in red wine, has been shown to play a cardioprotective role. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of RV on DOX‑induced cardiotoxicity in H9c2 cells. We hypothesized that RV would protect H9c2 cells against DOX‑induced ER stress and subsequent cell death through the activation of the Sirt1 pathway. Our results demonstrated that the decrease observed in the viability of the H9c2 cells following exposure to DOX was accompanied by a significant increase in the expression of the ER stress‑related proteins, glucose‑regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). However, we found that RV downregulated the expression of ER stress marker protein in the presence of DOX and restored the viability of the H9c2 cells. Exposure to RV or DOX alone only slightly increased the protein expression of Sirt1, whereas a significant increase in Sirt1 protein levels was observed in the cells treated with both RV and DOX. The Sirt1 inhibitor, nicotinamide (NIC), partially neutralized the effects of RV on the expression of Sirt1 in the DOX‑treated cells and completely abolished the effects of RV on the expression of GRP78 and CHOP. The findings of our study suggest that RV protects H9c2 cells against DOX‑induced ER stress through ER stabilization, and more specifically through the activation of the Sirt1 pathway, thereby leading to cardiac cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Junxian Cao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yuanshi Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yeping Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Junfeng Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Lu Fu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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