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Zhang X, Li H, Chen L, Wu Y, Li Y. NRF2 in age-related musculoskeletal diseases: Role and treatment prospects. Genes Dis 2024; 11:101180. [PMID: 39281838 PMCID: PMC11400624 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.101180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The NRF2 pathway is a metabolic- and redox-sensitive signaling axis in which the transcription factor controls the expression of a multitude of genes that enable cells to survive environmental stressors, such as oxidative stress, mainly by inducing the expression of cytoprotective genes. Basal NRF2 levels are maintained under normal physiological conditions, but when exposed to oxidative stress, cells activate the NRF2 pathway, which is crucial for supporting cell survival. Recently, the NRF2 pathway has been found to have novel functions in metabolic regulation and interplay with other signaling pathways, offering novel insights into the treatment of various diseases. Numerous studies have shown that targeting its pathway can effectively investigate the development and progression of age-related musculoskeletal diseases, such as sarcopenia, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and intervertebral disc degeneration. Appropriate regulation of the NRF2 pathway flux holds promise as a means to improve musculoskeletal function, thereby providing a new avenue for drug treatment of age-related musculoskeletal diseases in clinical settings. The review summarized an overview of the relationship between NRF2 and cellular processes such as oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, ferroptosis, and autophagy, and explores the potential of targeted NRF2 regulation in the treatment of age-related musculoskeletal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Hengzhen Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, China
| | - Yuxiang Wu
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, China
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
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2
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Rutter LA, MacKay MJ, Cope H, Szewczyk NJ, Kim J, Overbey E, Tierney BT, Muratani M, Lamm B, Bezdan D, Paul AM, Schmidt MA, Church GM, Giacomello S, Mason CE. Protective alleles and precision healthcare in crewed spaceflight. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6158. [PMID: 39039045 PMCID: PMC11263583 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49423-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Common and rare alleles are now being annotated across millions of human genomes, and omics technologies are increasingly being used to develop health and treatment recommendations. However, these alleles have not yet been systematically characterized relative to aerospace medicine. Here, we review published alleles naturally found in human cohorts that have a likely protective effect, which is linked to decreased cancer risk and improved bone, muscular, and cardiovascular health. Although some technical and ethical challenges remain, research into these protective mechanisms could translate into improved nutrition, exercise, and health recommendations for crew members during deep space missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A Rutter
- Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
- Department of Genome Biology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Matthew J MacKay
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
- The WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Henry Cope
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Nathaniel J Szewczyk
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, DE22 3DT, UK
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - JangKeun Kim
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Eliah Overbey
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Braden T Tierney
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Masafumi Muratani
- Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
- Department of Genome Biology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Ben Lamm
- Colossal Biosciences, 1401 Lavaca St, Unit #155 Austin, Austin, TX, 78701, USA
| | - Daniela Bezdan
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- NGS Competence Center Tübingen (NCCT), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Yuri GmbH, Meckenbeuren, Germany
| | - Amber M Paul
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Department of Human Factors and Behavioral Neurobiology, Daytona Beach, FL, 32114, USA
| | - Michael A Schmidt
- Sovaris Aerospace, Boulder, CO, 80302, USA.
- Advanced Pattern Analysis & Human Performance Group, Boulder, CO, 80302, USA.
| | - George M Church
- GC Therapeutics Inc, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02115, USA.
| | | | - Christopher E Mason
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
- The WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02115, USA.
- The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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3
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Babu B, Pawar S, Mittal A, Kolanthai E, Neal CJ, Coathup M, Seal S. Nanotechnology enabled radioprotectants to reduce space radiation-induced reactive oxidative species. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1896. [PMID: 37190884 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Interest in space exploration has seen substantial growth following recent launch and operation of modern space technologies. In particular, the possibility of travel beyond low earth orbit is seeing sustained support. However, future deep space travel requires addressing health concerns for crews under continuous, longer-term exposure to adverse environmental conditions. Among these challenges, radiation-induced health issues are a major concern. Their potential to induce chronic illness is further potentiated by the microgravity environment. While investigations into the physiological effects of space radiation are still under investigation, studies on model ionizing radiation conditions, in earth and micro-gravity conditions, can provide needed insight into relevant processes. Substantial formation of high, sustained reactive oxygen species (ROS) evolution during radiation exposure is a clear threat to physiological health of space travelers, producing indirect damage to various cell structures and requiring therapeutic address. Radioprotection toward the skeletal system components is essential to astronaut health, due to the high radio-absorption cross-section of bone mineral and local hematopoiesis. Nanotechnology can potentially function as radioprotectant and radiomitigating agents toward ROS and direct radiation damage. Nanoparticle compositions such as gold, silver, platinum, carbon-based materials, silica, transition metal dichalcogenides, and ceria have all shown potential as viable radioprotectants to mitigate space radiation effects with nanoceria further showing the ability to protect genetic material from oxidative damage in several studies. As research into space radiation-induced health problems develops, this review intends to provide insights into the nanomaterial design to ameliorate pathological effects from ionizing radiation exposure. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Cells at the Nanoscale Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaashwin Babu
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Nanoscience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Shreya Pawar
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Agastya Mittal
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Elayaraja Kolanthai
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Craig J Neal
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Melanie Coathup
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Sudipta Seal
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
- College of Medicine, Nanoscience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
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Wei F, Tuong ZK, Omer M, Ngo C, Asiatico J, Kinzel M, Pugazhendhi AS, Khaled AR, Ghosh R, Coathup M. A novel multifunctional radioprotective strategy using P7C3 as a countermeasure against ionizing radiation-induced bone loss. Bone Res 2023; 11:34. [PMID: 37385982 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00273-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a critical component of cancer care but can cause osteoporosis and pathological insufficiency fractures in surrounding and otherwise healthy bone. Presently, no effective countermeasure exists, and ionizing radiation-induced bone damage continues to be a substantial source of pain and morbidity. The purpose of this study was to investigate a small molecule aminopropyl carbazole named P7C3 as a novel radioprotective strategy. Our studies revealed that P7C3 repressed ionizing radiation (IR)-induced osteoclastic activity, inhibited adipogenesis, and promoted osteoblastogenesis and mineral deposition in vitro. We also demonstrated that rodents exposed to clinically equivalent hypofractionated levels of IR in vivo develop weakened, osteoporotic bone. However, the administration of P7C3 significantly inhibited osteoclastic activity, lipid formation and bone marrow adiposity and mitigated tissue loss such that bone maintained its area, architecture, and mechanical strength. Our findings revealed significant enhancement of cellular macromolecule metabolic processes, myeloid cell differentiation, and the proteins LRP-4, TAGLN, ILK, and Tollip, with downregulation of GDF-3, SH2B1, and CD200. These proteins are key in favoring osteoblast over adipogenic progenitor differentiation, cell matrix interactions, and shape and motility, facilitating inflammatory resolution, and suppressing osteoclastogenesis, potentially via Wnt/β-catenin signaling. A concern was whether P7C3 afforded similar protection to cancer cells. Preliminarily, and remarkably, at the same protective P7C3 dose, a significant reduction in triple-negative breast cancer and osteosarcoma cell metabolic activity was found in vitro. Together, these results indicate that P7C3 is a previously undiscovered key regulator of adipo-osteogenic progenitor lineage commitment and may serve as a novel multifunctional therapeutic strategy, leaving IR an effective clinical tool while diminishing the risk of adverse post-IR complications. Our data uncover a new approach for the prevention of radiation-induced bone damage, and further work is needed to investigate its ability to selectively drive cancer cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wei
- Biionix Cluster, and Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Zewen Kelvin Tuong
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Mahmoud Omer
- Biionix Cluster, and Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Christopher Ngo
- Biionix Cluster, and Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Jackson Asiatico
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Michael Kinzel
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Abinaya Sindu Pugazhendhi
- Biionix Cluster, and Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Annette R Khaled
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Ranajay Ghosh
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Melanie Coathup
- Biionix Cluster, and Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
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Anti-Osteoporotic Effect of Viscozyme-Assisted Polysaccharide Extracts from Portulaca oleracea L. on H2O2-Treated MC3T3-E1 Cells and Zebrafish. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9050128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to screen and characterize the protective effect of polysaccharides from Portulaca oleracea L. (POP) against H2O2-stimulated osteoblast apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. The enzymes viscozyme, celluclast, α-amylase, and β-glucanase were used to extract POPs. Among all enzyme-assisted POPs, the first participating fraction of viscozyme extract POP (VPOP1) exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. Hoechst 33342 and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining and flow cytometry of MC3T3 cells revealed that VPOP1 inhibited apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, VPOP1 increased the expression levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NADPH quinine oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and decreased the expression levels of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) in H2O2-induced cells compared with their controls. The results of an in vivo experiment show that VPOP1 significantly reduced reactive oxygen species generation and lipid peroxidation in zebrafish at 72 h post-fertilization and promoted bone growth at 9 days post-fertilization. Furthermore, VPOP1 was identified via 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone derivatization as an acidic heteropolysaccharide comprising mannose and possessing a molecular weight of approximately 7.6 kDa. Collectively, VPOP1 was selected as a potential anti-osteoporotic functional food because of its protective activity against H2O2-induced damage in vitro and in vivo.
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Richardson KK, Ling W, Krager K, Fu Q, Byrum SD, Pathak R, Aykin-Burns N, Kim HN. Ionizing Radiation Activates Mitochondrial Function in Osteoclasts and Causes Bone Loss in Young Adult Male Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:675. [PMID: 35054859 PMCID: PMC8775597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The damaging effects of ionizing radiation (IR) on bone mass are well-documented in mice and humans and are most likely due to increased osteoclast number and function. However, the mechanisms leading to inappropriate increases in osteoclastic bone resorption are only partially understood. Here, we show that exposure to multiple fractions of low-doses (10 fractions of 0.4 Gy total body irradiation [TBI]/week, i.e., fractionated exposure) and/or a single exposure to the same total dose of 4 Gy TBI causes a decrease in trabecular, but not cortical, bone mass in young adult male mice. This damaging effect was associated with highly activated bone resorption. Both osteoclast differentiation and maturation increased in cultures of bone marrow-derived macrophages from mice exposed to either fractionated or singular TBI. IR also increased the expression and enzymatic activity of mitochondrial deacetylase Sirtuin-3 (Sirt3)-an essential protein for osteoclast mitochondrial activity and bone resorption in the development of osteoporosis. Osteoclast progenitors lacking Sirt3 exposed to IR exhibited impaired resorptive activity. Taken together, targeting impairment of osteoclast mitochondrial activity could be a novel therapeutic strategy for IR-induced bone loss, and Sirt3 is likely a major mediator of this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly K. Richardson
- Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research and Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (K.K.R.); (W.L.); (Q.F.)
| | - Wen Ling
- Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research and Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (K.K.R.); (W.L.); (Q.F.)
| | - Kimberly Krager
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (K.K.); (R.P.); (N.A.-B.)
| | - Qiang Fu
- Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research and Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (K.K.R.); (W.L.); (Q.F.)
| | - Stephanie D. Byrum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Rupak Pathak
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (K.K.); (R.P.); (N.A.-B.)
| | - Nukhet Aykin-Burns
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (K.K.); (R.P.); (N.A.-B.)
| | - Ha-Neui Kim
- Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research and Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (K.K.R.); (W.L.); (Q.F.)
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Kim HN, Richardson KK, Krager KJ, Ling W, Simmons P, Allen AR, Aykin-Burns N. Simulated Galactic Cosmic Rays Modify Mitochondrial Metabolism in Osteoclasts, Increase Osteoclastogenesis and Cause Trabecular Bone Loss in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11711. [PMID: 34769141 PMCID: PMC8583929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Space is a high-stress environment. One major risk factor for the astronauts when they leave the Earth's magnetic field is exposure to ionizing radiation from galactic cosmic rays (GCR). Several adverse changes occur in mammalian anatomy and physiology in space, including bone loss. In this study, we assessed the effects of simplified GCR exposure on skeletal health in vivo. Three months following exposure to 0.5 Gy total body simulated GCR, blood, bone marrow and tissue were collected from 9 months old male mice. The key findings from our cell and tissue analysis are (1) GCR induced femoral trabecular bone loss in adult mice but had no effect on spinal trabecular bone. (2) GCR increased circulating osteoclast differentiation markers and osteoclast formation but did not alter new bone formation or osteoblast differentiation. (3) Steady-state levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial respiration were increased without any changes in mitochondrial mass in pre-osteoclasts after GCR exposure. (4) Alterations in substrate utilization following GCR exposure in pre-osteoclasts suggested a metabolic rewiring of mitochondria. Taken together, targeting radiation-mediated mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming of osteoclasts could be speculated as a viable therapeutic strategy for space travel induced bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Neui Kim
- Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research and Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (K.K.R.); (W.L.)
| | - Kimberly K. Richardson
- Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research and Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (K.K.R.); (W.L.)
| | - Kimberly J. Krager
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (K.J.K.); (P.S.); (A.R.A.)
| | - Wen Ling
- Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research and Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (K.K.R.); (W.L.)
| | - Pilar Simmons
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (K.J.K.); (P.S.); (A.R.A.)
| | - Antino R. Allen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (K.J.K.); (P.S.); (A.R.A.)
| | - Nukhet Aykin-Burns
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (K.J.K.); (P.S.); (A.R.A.)
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Xu L, Wang Y, Wang J, Zhai J, Ren L, Zhu G. Radiation-Induced Osteocyte Senescence Alters Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation Potential via Paracrine Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179323. [PMID: 34502232 PMCID: PMC8430495 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence and its senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) are widely regarded as promising therapeutic targets for aging-related diseases, such as osteoporosis. However, the expression pattern of cellular senescence and multiple SASP secretion remains unclear, thus leaving a large gap in the knowledge for a desirable intervention targeting cellular senescence. Therefore, there is a critical need to understand the molecular mechanism of SASP secretion in the bone microenvironment that can ameliorate aging-related degenerative pathologies including osteoporosis. In this study, osteocyte-like cells (MLO-Y4) were induced to cellular senescence by 2 Gy γ-rays; then, senescence phenotype changes and adverse effects of SASP on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) differentiation potential were investigated. The results revealed that 2 Gy irradiation could hinder cell viability, shorten cell dendrites, and induce cellular senescence, as evidenced by the higher expression of senescence markers p16 and p21 and the elevated formation of senescence-associated heterochromatin foci (SAHF), which was accompanied by the enhanced secretion of SASP markers such as IL-1α, IL-6, MMP-3, IGFBP-6, resistin, and adiponectin. When 0.8 μM JAK1 inhibitors were added to block SASP secretion, the higher expression of SASP was blunted, but the inhibition in osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential of BMSCs co-cultured with irradiated MLO-Y4 cell conditioned medium (CM- 2 Gy) was alleviated. These results suggest that senescent osteocytes can perturb BMSCs’ differential potential via the paracrine signaling of SASP, which was also demonstrated by in vivo experiments. In conclusion, we identified the SASP factor partially responsible for the degenerative differentiation of BMSCs, which allowed us to hypothesize that senescent osteocytes and their SASPs may contribute to radiation-induced bone loss.
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Huang Q, Chai H, Wang S, Sun Y, Xu W. 0.5‑Gy X‑ray irradiation induces reorganization of cytoskeleton and differentiation of osteoblasts. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:379. [PMID: 33760136 PMCID: PMC7986016 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoblasts are sensitive to ionizing radiation. The small GTPase RhoA and its effector Rho‑associated protein kinase (ROCK) are critical to several cellular functions, including cytoskeleton reorganization, cell survival, and cell differentiation. However, whether the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of osteoblast cytoskeleton reorganization and differentiation induced by low‑dose X‑ray irradiation remains to be determined. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway in mediating differentiation of osteoblasts and reorganization of the cytoskeleton under low‑dose X‑ray irradiation. Osteoblasts were pretreated with the ROCK kinase‑specific inhibitor (Y‑27632) before exposure to low‑dose X‑ray irradiation. The changes of F‑actin in MC3T3 cells were observed at different time points following X‑ray irradiation. Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay, alkaline phosphatase activity, Alizarin red staining and western blotting were used to detect the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts after 0.5‑Gy X‑ray irradiation. In the present study, low‑dose X‑ray irradiation promoted the expression of genes associated with the cytoskeleton reorganization. Indeed, the results showed that, 0.5‑Gy X‑ray irradiation can induce reorganization of cytoskeleton and promote differentiation of osteoblasts through the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. Additionally, inhibiting ROCK activity blocked low‑dose X‑ray irradiation‑induced LIMK2 phosphorylation, stress fiber formation and cell differentiation. Thus, these results demonstrated the excitatory effects of low‑dose X‑ray irradiation on MC3T3‑E1 cells, including reorganization of the cytoskeleton and differentiation of osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang City, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215600, P.R. China
| | - Hao Chai
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Shendong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Yongming Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
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10
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Wang H, Dong J, Li G, Tan Y, Zhao H, Zhang L, Wang Y, Hu Z, Cao X, Shi F, Zhang S. The small protein MafG plays a critical role in MC3T3-E1 cell apoptosis induced by simulated microgravity and radiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 555:175-181. [PMID: 33819748 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Microgravity and radiation exposure-induced bone damage is one of the most significant alterations in astronauts after long-term spaceflight. However, the underlying mechanism is still largely unknown. Recent ground-based simulation studies have suggested that this impairment is likely mediated by increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during spaceflight. The small Maf protein MafG is a basic-region leucine zipper-type transcription factor, and it globally contributes to regulation of antioxidant and metabolic networks. Our research investigated the role of MafG in the process of apoptosis induced by simulated microgravity and radiation in MC3T3-E1 cells. We found that simulated microgravity or radiation alone decreased MafG expression and elevated apoptosis in MC3T3-E1 cells, and combined simulated microgravity and radiation treatment aggravated apoptosis. Meanwhile, under normal conditions, increased ROS levels facilitated apoptosis and downregulated the expression of MafG in MC3T3-E1 cells. Overexpression of MafG decreased apoptosis induced by simulated microgravity and radiation. These findings provide new insight into the mechanism of bone damage induced by microgravity and radiation during space flight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghui Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, 100094, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Rehabilitation Physiotherapy Department, Lintong Rehabilitation and Recuperation Center, PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, 710600, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gaozhi Li
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingjun Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, 100094, Beijing, China
| | - Hai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, 100094, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zebing Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinsheng Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fei Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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11
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Postradiation Fractures after Combined Modality Treatment in Extremity Soft Tissue Sarcomas. Sarcoma 2021; 2021:8877567. [PMID: 33790687 PMCID: PMC7984930 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8877567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) of the extremities is typically treated with limb-sparing surgery and radiation therapy; with this treatment approach, high local control rates can be achieved. However, postradiation bone fractures, fractures occurring in the prior radiation field with minimal or no trauma, are a serious late complication that occurs in 2–22% of patients who receive surgery and radiation for STS. Multiple risk factors for sustaining a postradiation fracture exist, including high radiation dose, female sex, periosteal stripping, older age, femur location, and chemotherapy administration. The treatment of these pathological fractures can be difficult, with complications including delayed union, nonunion, and infection posing particular challenges. Here, we review the mechanisms, risk factors, and treatment challenges associated with postradiation fractures in STS patients.
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12
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Little-Letsinger SE, Turner ND, Ford JR, Suva LJ, Bloomfield SA. Omega-3 fatty acid modulation of serum and osteocyte tumor necrosis factor-α in adult mice exposed to ionizing radiation. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 130:627-639. [PMID: 33411639 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00848.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation leads to bone loss and fragility. Proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) consistently promote bone resorption. Dietary modulation of proinflammatory cytokines is an accepted therapeutic approach to treat chronic inflammation, including that induced by space-relevant radiation exposure. As such, these studies were designed to determine whether an anti-inflammatory diet, high in omega-3 fatty acids, could reduce radiation-mediated bone damage via reductions in the levels of inflammatory cytokines in osteocytes and serum. Lgr5-EGFP C57BL/6 mice were randomized to receive diets containing fish oil and pectin (FOP; high in omega-3 fatty acids) or corn oil and cellulose (COC; high in omega-6 fatty acids) and then acutely exposed to 0.5-Gy 56Fe or 2.0-Gy gamma-radiation. Mice fed the FOP diet exhibited consistent reductions in serum TNF-α in the 56Fe experiment but not the gamma-experiment. The percentage osteocytes (%Ot) positive for TNF-α increased in gamma-exposed COC, but not FOP, mice. Minimal changes in %Ot positive for sclerostin were observed. FOP mice exhibited modest improvements in several measures of cancellous microarchitecture and volumetric bone mineral density (BMD) postexposure to 56Fe and gamma-radiation. Reduced serum TNF-α in FOP mice exposed to 56Fe was associated with either neutral or modestly positive changes in bone structural integrity. Collectively, these data are generally consistent with previous findings that dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids may effectively mitigate systemic inflammation after acute radiation exposure and facilitate maintenance of BMD during spaceflight in humans.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first investigation, to our knowledge, to test the impact of a diet high in omega-3 fatty acids on multiple bone structural and biological outcomes following space-relevant radiation exposure. Novel in biological outcomes is the assessment of osteocyte responses to this stressor. These data also add to the growing evidence that low-dose exposures to even high-energy ion species like 56Fe may have neutral or even small positive impacts on bone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nancy D Turner
- Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - John R Ford
- Nuclear Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Larry J Suva
- Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Susan A Bloomfield
- Departments of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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13
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Willey JS, Britten RA, Blaber E, Tahimic CG, Chancellor J, Mortreux M, Sanford LD, Kubik AJ, Delp MD, Mao XW. The individual and combined effects of spaceflight radiation and microgravity on biologic systems and functional outcomes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, TOXICOLOGY AND CARCINOGENESIS 2021; 39:129-179. [PMID: 33902391 PMCID: PMC8274610 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2021.1885283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Both microgravity and radiation exposure in the spaceflight environment have been identified as hazards to astronaut health and performance. Substantial study has been focused on understanding the biology and risks associated with prolonged exposure to microgravity, and the hazards presented by radiation from galactic cosmic rays (GCR) and solar particle events (SPEs) outside of low earth orbit (LEO). To date, the majority of the ground-based analogues (e.g., rodent or cell culture studies) that investigate the biology of and risks associated with spaceflight hazards will focus on an individual hazard in isolation. However, astronauts will face these challenges simultaneously Combined hazard studies are necessary for understanding the risks astronauts face as they travel outside of LEO, and are also critical for countermeasure development. The focus of this review is to describe biologic and functional outcomes from ground-based analogue models for microgravity and radiation, specifically highlighting the combined effects of radiation and reduced weight-bearing from rodent ground-based tail suspension via hind limb unloading (HLU) and partial weight-bearing (PWB) models, although in vitro and spaceflight results are discussed as appropriate. The review focuses on the skeletal, ocular, central nervous system (CNS), cardiovascular, and stem cells responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elizabeth Blaber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
| | | | | | - Marie Mortreux
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
| | - Larry D. Sanford
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eastern Virginia Medical School
| | - Angela J. Kubik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
| | - Michael D. Delp
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University
| | - Xiao Wen Mao
- Division of Biomedical Engineering Sciences (BMES), Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University
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14
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Namoju R, Chilaka NK. Alpha-lipoic acid ameliorates cytarabine-induced developmental anomalies in rat fetus. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 40:851-868. [PMID: 33225757 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120975114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cytarabine (Ara-C) is a nucleoside analogue used in the treatment of cancers and viral infections. It has teratogenic potential and causes a variety of birth defects in fetuses. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a natural antioxidant offers protection against the developmental toxicity induced by drug- or toxicant-exposure or pathological conditions. This study was aimed at evaluating the protective effect of ALA against Ara-C induced developmental toxicity in rat fetus. Pregnant rats divided into five groups and received normal saline, ALA200 mg/kg, Ara-C12.5 mg/kg, Ara-C25 mg/kg and, Ara-C25 mg/kg plus ALA200 mg/kg respectively from gestational day (GD) 8 to GD14 and sacrificed on GD21. Ara-C treatment led to a significant and dose-dependent decrease in food intake, weight gain, placental weight, and an increase in oxidative stress in pregnant rats. Further, the in-utero exposure to Ara-C led to an increase in fetal mortality, resorptions, oxidative stress, external morphological anomalies and limb abnormalities, and impaired ossification. Co-administration of ALA resulted in amelioration of the footprints of Ara-C induced toxicity in pregnant rats as well as the fetus. These findings indicate that the ALA supplementation offers protection against developmental toxicity caused by Ara-C prenatal exposure in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramanachary Namoju
- Department of Pharmacology, 78997GITAM Institute of Pharmacy, GITAM Deemed to be University, Vishakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.,Department of Pharmacology, Bhaskar Pharmacy College, Jawaharlal Nehru Technical University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Naga Kavitha Chilaka
- Department of Pharmacology, 78997GITAM Institute of Pharmacy, GITAM Deemed to be University, Vishakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
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15
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The Influence of Radiation on Bone and Bone Cells-Differential Effects on Osteoclasts and Osteoblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176377. [PMID: 32887421 PMCID: PMC7504528 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The bone is a complex organ that is dependent on a tight regulation between bone formation by osteoblasts (OBs) and bone resorption by osteoclasts (OCs). These processes can be influenced by environmental factors such as ionizing radiation (IR). In cancer therapy, IR is applied in high doses, leading to detrimental effects on bone, whereas radiation therapy with low doses of IR is applied for chronic degenerative and inflammatory diseases, with a positive impact especially on bone homeostasis. Moreover, the effects of IR are of particular interest in space travel, as astronauts suffer from bone loss due to space radiation and microgravity. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the effects of IR on bone with a special focus on the influence on OCs and OBs, as these cells are essential in bone remodeling. In addition, the influence of IR on the bone microenvironment is discussed. In summary, the effects of IR on bone and bone remodeling cells strongly depend on the applied radiation dose, as differential results are provided from in vivo as well as in vitro studies with varying doses of IR. Furthermore, the isolated effects of IR on a single cell type are difficult to determine, as the bone cells and bone microenvironment are building a tightly regulated network, influencing on one another. Therefore, future research is necessary in order to elucidate the influence of different bone cells on the overall radiation-induced effects on bone.
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16
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Schreurs AS, Torres S, Truong T, Moyer EL, Kumar A, Tahimic CGT, Alwood JS, Globus RK. Skeletal tissue regulation by catalase overexpression in mitochondria. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C734-C745. [PMID: 32783660 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00068.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of oxidative damage from excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) may contribute to skeletal aging and mediate adverse responses to physiological challenges. Wild-type (WT) mice and transgenic mice (male, 16 wk of age) with human catalase targeted to the mitochondria (mCAT) were analyzed for skeletal responses to the remodeling stimuli of combined hind-limb unloading and exposure to ionizing radiation (137Cs, 2 Gy). Treatment for 2 wk caused lipid peroxidation in the bones WT but not mCAT mice, showing that transgene expression mitigated oxidative stress. Ex vivo osteoblast colony growth rate was 95% greater in mCAT than WT mice and correlated with catalase activity levels (P < 0.005, r = 0.67), although terminal osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation were unaffected. mCAT mice had lower cancellous bone volume and cortical size than WT mice. Ambulatory control mCAT animals also displayed reduced cancellous and cortical structural properties compared with control WT mice. In mCAT but not WT mice, treatment caused an unexpectedly rapid radial expansion (+8% cortical area, +22% moment of inertia), reminiscent of compensatory bone growth during advancing age. In contrast, treatment caused similar structural deficits in cancellous tissue of mCAT and WT mice. In sum, mitochondrial ROS signaling via H2O2 was important for the acquisition of adult bone structure and catalase overexpression failed to protect cancellous tissue from treatment. In contrast, catabolic stimuli caused radial expansion in mCAT not WT mice, suggesting that mitochondrial ROS in skeletal cells act to suppress tissue turnover in response to remodeling challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Sofie Schreurs
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.,Universities Space Research Association, Moffett Field, California
| | - Samantha Torres
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.,Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, Washington
| | - Tiffany Truong
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.,Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, Washington
| | - Eric L Moyer
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.,Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, Washington
| | - Akhhilesh Kumar
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.,Universities Space Research Association, Moffett Field, California
| | - Candice G T Tahimic
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.,KBR, Moffett Field, California
| | - Joshua S Alwood
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California
| | - Ruth K Globus
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California
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17
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Tong L, Wang Y, Wang J, He F, Zhai J, Bai J, Zhu G. Radiation alters osteoclastogenesis by regulating the cytoskeleton and lytic enzymes in RAW 264.7 cells and mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:1296-1308. [PMID: 32687425 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1798542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to investigate the duality of irradiation effect on osteoclastogenesis, particularly on the cytoskeleton and expression of lytic enzymes in osteoclast precursors. Therefore, the present study may serve as a useful reference for the prevention and treatment of radiation-induced bone loss in the clinic. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two typical osteoclast precursors, murine RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs), were exposed to radiation in the order of 0.25-8 Gy, and the effects on cell viability, TRAP activity and bone resorption were subsequently investigated. Furthermore, changes in the cytoskeleton, cell apoptosis, and expression of lytic enzymes in osteoclasts were examined to elucidate the molecular mechanism of the duality of irradiation on osteoclastogenesis. RESULTS Morphological changes and impaired viability were observed in RAW 264.7 cells and BMMs treated with 1-8 Gy irradiation with or without RANKL. However, the cell fusion tendency of osteoclasts was enhanced after 2 Gy irradiation, and an increased number of fused giant osteoclasts and enhanced F-actin ring formation were observed. Consistently, the bone resorption activity and the enzyme expression of TRAP, cathepsin K, matrix metalloproteinase 9, activator protein 1, and Caspase 9 were increased following irradiation with 2 Gy. Furthermore, intracellular ROS production and apoptosis of osteoclast precursors were increased. CONCLUSIONS Irradiation with 2 Gy inhibited the viability of osteoclast precursors, but increased osteoclastogenesis by enhancing cell fusion and increasing the secretion of lytic enzymes, which may be an important mechanism of radiation-induced bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Tong
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.,Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yuyang Wang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Feilong He
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.,Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jianglong Zhai
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jiangtao Bai
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Guoying Zhu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
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18
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Xiao J, Wang C, Yao JC, Alippe Y, Yang T, Kress D, Sun K, Kostecki KL, Monahan JB, Veis DJ, Abu-Amer Y, Link DC, Mbalaviele G. Radiation causes tissue damage by dysregulating inflammasome-gasdermin D signaling in both host and transplanted cells. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000807. [PMID: 32760056 PMCID: PMC7446913 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a commonly used conditioning regimen for bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Cytotoxicity limits the use of this life-saving therapy, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly defined. Here, we use the syngeneic mouse BMT model to test the hypothesis that lethal radiation damages tissues, thereby unleashing signals that indiscriminately activate the inflammasome pathways in host and transplanted cells. We find that a clinically relevant high dose of radiation causes severe damage to bones and the spleen through mechanisms involving the NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes but not the NLRC4 inflammasome. Downstream, we demonstrate that gasdermin D (GSDMD), the common effector of the inflammasomes, is also activated by radiation. Remarkably, protection against the injury induced by deadly ionizing radiation occurs only when NLRP3, AIM2, or GSDMD is lost simultaneously in both the donor and host cell compartments. Thus, this study reveals a continuum of the actions of lethal radiation relayed by the inflammasome-GSDMD axis, initially affecting recipient cells and ultimately harming transplanted cells as they grow in the severely injured and toxic environment. This study also suggests that therapeutic targeting of inflammasome-GSDMD signaling has the potential to prevent the collateral effects of intense radiation regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiu Xiao
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United Sates of America
| | - Chun Wang
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United Sates of America
| | - Juo-Chin Yao
- Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United Sates of America
| | - Yael Alippe
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United Sates of America
| | - Tong Yang
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United Sates of America
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dustin Kress
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United Sates of America
| | - Kai Sun
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United Sates of America
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | | | - Joseph B. Monahan
- Aclaris Therapeutics, Inc., St. Louis, Missouri, United Sates of America
| | - Deborah J. Veis
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United Sates of America
| | - Yousef Abu-Amer
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United Sates of America
- Shriners Hospital for Children, St. Louis, Missouri, United Sates of America
| | - Daniel C. Link
- Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United Sates of America
| | - Gabriel Mbalaviele
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United Sates of America
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19
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Farley A, Gnyubkin V, Vanden-Bossche A, Laroche N, Neefs M, Baatout S, Baselet B, Vico L, Mastrandrea C. Unloading-Induced Cortical Bone Loss is Exacerbated by Low-Dose Irradiation During a Simulated Deep Space Exploration Mission. Calcif Tissue Int 2020; 107:170-179. [PMID: 32451574 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-020-00708-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Spaceflight-induced bone losses have been reliably reproduced in Hind-Limb-Unloading (HLU) rodent models. However, a considerable knowledge gap exists regarding the effects of low-dose radiation and microgravity together. Ten-week-old male C57BL/6J mice, randomly allocated to Control (CONT), Hind-Limb Unloading (HLU), and Hind-Limb Unloading plus Irradiation (HLUIR), were acclimatized at 28 °C, close to thermoneutral temperature, for 28 days prior to the 14-day HLU protocol. HLUIR mice received a 25 mGy dose of X-ray irradiation, simulating 14 days of exposure to the deep space radiation environment, on day 7 of the HLU protocol. Trabecular bone mass was similarly reduced in HLU and HLUIR mice when compared to CONT, with losses driven by osteoclastic bone resorption rather than changes to osteoblastic bone formation. Femoral cortical thickness was reduced only in the HLUIR mice (102 μm, 97.5-107) as compared to CONT (108.5 μm, 102.5-120.5). Bone surface area was also reduced only in the HLUIR group, with no difference between HLU and CONT. Cortical losses were driven by osteoclastic resorption on the posterior endosteal surface of the distal femoral diaphysis, with no increase in the numbers of dead osteocytes. In conclusion, we show that low-dose radiation exposure negatively influences bone physiology beyond that induced by microgravity alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Farley
- INSERM U1059-SAINBIOSE, Université de Lyon, 10 rue de la Marandière, 42270, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France
| | - Vasily Gnyubkin
- INSERM U1059-SAINBIOSE, Université de Lyon, 10 rue de la Marandière, 42270, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France
| | - Arnaud Vanden-Bossche
- INSERM U1059-SAINBIOSE, Université de Lyon, 10 rue de la Marandière, 42270, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France
| | - Norbert Laroche
- INSERM U1059-SAINBIOSE, Université de Lyon, 10 rue de la Marandière, 42270, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France
| | - Mieke Neefs
- SCK CEN, Radiobiology Unit, Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Sarah Baatout
- SCK CEN, Radiobiology Unit, Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Bjorn Baselet
- SCK CEN, Radiobiology Unit, Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Laurence Vico
- INSERM U1059-SAINBIOSE, Université de Lyon, 10 rue de la Marandière, 42270, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France.
| | - Carmelo Mastrandrea
- INSERM U1059-SAINBIOSE, Université de Lyon, 10 rue de la Marandière, 42270, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France
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20
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Steczina S, Tahimic CGT, Pendleton M, M'Saad O, Lowe M, Alwood JS, Halloran BP, Globus RK, Schreurs AS. Dietary countermeasure mitigates simulated spaceflight-induced osteopenia in mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6484. [PMID: 32300161 PMCID: PMC7162976 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63404-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Spaceflight is a unique environment that includes at least two factors which can negatively impact skeletal health: microgravity and ionizing radiation. We have previously shown that a diet supplemented with dried plum powder (DP) prevented radiation-induced bone loss in mice. In this study, we investigated the capacity of the DP diet to prevent bone loss in mice following exposure to simulated spaceflight, combining microgravity (by hindlimb unloading) and radiation exposure. The DP diet was effective at preventing most decrements in bone micro-architectural and mechanical properties due to hindlimb unloading alone and simulated spaceflight. Furthermore, we show that the DP diet can protect osteoprogenitors from impairments resulting from simulated microgravity. Based on our findings, a dietary supplementation with DP could be an effective countermeasure against the skeletal deficits observed in astronauts during spaceflight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonette Steczina
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, WA, 98154, USA.,Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA
| | - Candice G T Tahimic
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA.,KBR, Moffett Field, California, USA
| | - Megan Pendleton
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Ons M'Saad
- Space Life Sciences Training Program, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA
| | - Moniece Lowe
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, WA, 98154, USA.,Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA
| | - Joshua S Alwood
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA
| | - Bernard P Halloran
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Ruth K Globus
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA
| | - Ann-Sofie Schreurs
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA. .,Universities Space Research Association, Moffett Field, CA, USA.
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21
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Farris MK, Helis CA, Hughes RT, LeCompte MC, Borg AM, Nieto K, Munley MT, Willey JS. Bench to Bedside: Animal Models of Radiation Induced Musculoskeletal Toxicity. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020427. [PMID: 32059447 PMCID: PMC7073177 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation is a critical aspect of current cancer therapy. While classically mature bone was thought to be relatively radio-resistant, more recent data have shown this to not be the case. Radiation therapy (RT)-induced bone loss leading to fracture is a source of substantial morbidity. The mechanisms of RT likely involve multiple pathways, including changes in angiogenesis and bone vasculature, osteoblast damage/suppression, and increased osteoclast activity. The majority of bone loss appears to occur rapidly after exposure to ionizing RT, with significant changes in cortical thickness being detectable on computed tomography (CT) within three to four months. Additionally, there is a dose–response relationship. Cortical thinning is especially notable in areas of bone that receive >40 gray (Gy). Methods to mitigate toxicity due to RT-induced bone loss is an area of active investigation. There is an accruing clinical trial investigating the use of risderonate, a bisphosphonate, to prevent rib bone loss in patients undergoing lung stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Additionally, several other promising therapeutic/preventative approaches are being explored in preclinical studies, including parathyroid hormone (PTH), amifostine, and mechanical loading of irradiated bones.
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22
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Arfat Y, Rani A, Jingping W, Hocart CH. Calcium homeostasis during hibernation and in mechanical environments disrupting calcium homeostasis. J Comp Physiol B 2020; 190:1-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-019-01255-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Johnson D, Lawrence SE, Livingston EW, Hienz RD, Davis CM, Lau AG. Modeling Space Radiation Induced Bone Changes in Rat Femurs through Finite Element Analysis. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2019; 2018:1763-1766. [PMID: 30440736 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2018.8512620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
As the duration of manned missions outside of the Earth's protective shielding increase, astronauts are at risk for exposure to space radiation. Various organ systems may be damaged due to exposure. This study investigates the bone strength changes using finite element modeling of Long Evans rats (n=85) subjected to graded, head-only proton (0, 10, 25, and 100 cGy, 150 MeV/n) and 28silicon (0, 10, 25, and 50 cGy, 300 MeV/n) radiation. The strength of the femoral neck will be examined due its clinical relevance to hip fractures. It has been shown in previous studies that bone mineral density was not reduced at the site of fracture. These findings question whether measurements of bone mineral density may be used to assess risk of hip fracture. The mechanisms leading to the irregular relationship between bone density and strength are still uncertain within literature and investigated to greater extent in clinical applications. Finite element analysis within this study simulated physiological loading of the femoral neck. No significant changes in femoral neck strength were found across doses of proton or 28silicon head-only radiation. Future work includes performing mechanical testing of the bone samples. Moving from mouse to larger animal models may also provide the increased lifespan for assessing the long-term outcomes of radiation exposure.
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24
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Tahimic CGT, Paul AM, Schreurs AS, Torres SM, Rubinstein L, Steczina S, Lowe M, Bhattacharya S, Alwood JS, Ronca AE, Globus RK. Influence of Social Isolation During Prolonged Simulated Weightlessness by Hindlimb Unloading. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1147. [PMID: 31572207 PMCID: PMC6753329 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The hindlimb unloading (HU) model has been used extensively to simulate the cephalad fluid shift and musculoskeletal disuse observed in spaceflight with its application expanding to study immune, cardiovascular and central nervous system responses, among others. Most HU studies are performed with singly housed animals, although social isolation also can substantially impact behavior and physiology, and therefore may confound HU experimental results. Other HU variants that allow for paired housing have been developed although no systematic assessment has been made to understand the effects of social isolation on HU outcomes. Hence, we aimed to determine the contribution of social isolation to tissue responses to HU. To accomplish this, we developed a refinement to the traditional NASA Ames single housing HU system to accommodate social housing in pairs, retaining desirable features of the original design. We conducted a 30-day HU experiment with adult, female mice that were either singly or socially housed. HU animals in both single and social housing displayed expected musculoskeletal deficits versus housing matched, normally loaded (NL) controls. However, select immune and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis responses were differentially impacted by the HU social environment relative to matched NL controls. HU led to a reduction in % CD4+ T cells in singly housed, but not in socially housed mice. Unexpectedly, HU increased adrenal gland mass in socially housed but not singly housed mice, while social isolation increased adrenal gland mass in NL controls. HU also led to elevated plasma corticosterone levels at day 30 in both singly and socially housed mice. Thus, musculoskeletal responses to simulated weightlessness are similar regardless of social environment with a few differences in adrenal and immune responses. Our findings show that combined stressors can mask, not only exacerbate, select responses to HU. These findings further expand the utility of the HU model for studying possible combined effects of spaceflight stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice G T Tahimic
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States.,KBR, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Amber M Paul
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States.,Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, United States
| | - Ann-Sofie Schreurs
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States.,KBR, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Samantha M Torres
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States.,Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Linda Rubinstein
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States.,Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, United States
| | - Sonette Steczina
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States.,Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Moniece Lowe
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States.,Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Sharmila Bhattacharya
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States
| | - Joshua S Alwood
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States
| | - April E Ronca
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Ruth K Globus
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States
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25
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A comparison of exercise interventions from bed rest studies for the prevention of musculoskeletal loss. NPJ Microgravity 2019; 5:12. [PMID: 31098391 PMCID: PMC6506471 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-019-0073-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal loss in actual or simulated microgravity occurs at a high rate. Bed rest studies are a reliable ground-based spaceflight analogue that allow for direct comparison of intervention and control participants. The aim of this review was to investigate the impact of exercise compared to no intervention on bone mineral density (BMD) and muscle cross-sectional area (muscle CSA) in bed rest studies relative to other terrestrial models. Eligible bed rest studies with healthy participants had an intervention arm with an exercise countermeasure and a control arm. A search strategy was implemented for MEDLINE. After screening, eight studies were identified for inclusion. Interventions included resistive exercise (RE), resistive vibration exercise (RVE), flywheel resistive exercise, treadmill exercise with lower body negative pressure (LBNP) and a zero-gravity locomotion simulator (ZLS). Lower limb skeletal sites had the most significant BMD losses, particularly at the hip which reduced in density by 4.59% (p < 0.05) and the tibial epiphysis by 6% (p < 0.05). Exercise attenuated bone loss at the hip and distal tibia compared to controls (p < 0.05). Muscle CSA changes indicated that the calf and quadriceps were most affected by bed rest. Exercise interventions significantly attenuated loss of muscle mass. ZLS, LBNP treadmill and RE significantly attenuated bone and muscle loss at the hip compared to baseline and controls. Despite exercise intervention, high rates of bone loss were still observed. Future studies should consider adding bisphosphonates and pharmacological/nutrition-based interventions for consideration of longer-duration missions. These findings correlate to terrestrial bed rest settings, for example, stroke or spinal-injury patients.
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26
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Oxidative Stress as Cause, Consequence, or Biomarker of Altered Female Reproduction and Development in the Space Environment. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123729. [PMID: 30477143 PMCID: PMC6320872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathophysiology of numerous terrestrial disease processes and associated with morbidity following spaceflight. Furthermore, oxidative stress has long been considered a causative agent in adverse reproductive outcomes. The purpose of this review is to summarize the pathogenesis of oxidative stress caused by cosmic radiation and microgravity, review the relationship between oxidative stress and reproductive outcomes in females, and explore what role spaceflight-induced oxidative damage may have on female reproductive and developmental outcomes.
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27
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He JP, Feng X, Wang JF, Shi WG, Li H, Danilchenko S, Kalinkevich A, Zhovner M. Icariin prevents bone loss by inhibiting bone resorption and stabilizing bone biological apatite in a hindlimb suspension rodent model. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:1760-1767. [PMID: 29891857 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0040-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone loss induced by microgravity is a substantial barrier to humans in long-term spaceflight. Recent studies have revealed that icariin (ICA) can attenuate osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and ovariectomized rats. However, whether ICA can protect against microgravity-induced bone loss remains unknown. In this study, the effects of ICA on a hindlimb suspension rodent model were investigated. Two-month-old female Wistar rats were hindlimb suspended and treated with ICA (25 mg·kg-1·d-1, i.g.) or a vehicle for 4 weeks (n = 6). The bone mass density of the hindlimbs was analyzed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and micro-CT. mRNA expression of osteogenic genes in the tibia and the content of bone metabolism markers in serum were measured using qRT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. The bone mineral phase was analyzed using X-ray diffraction and atomic spectrometry. The results showed that ICA treatment significantly rescued the hindlimb suspension-induced reduction in bone mineral density, trabecular number and thickness, as well as the increases in trabecular separation and the structure model index. In addition, ICA treatment recovered the decreased bone-related gene expression, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone glaprotein (BGP), and osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of the NF-κB ligand ratio (OPG/RANKL), in the tibia and the decreased bone resorption marker TRACP-5b levels in serum caused by simulated microgravity. Notably, ICA treatment restored the instability of bone biological apatite and the metabolic disorder of bone mineral elicited by simulated microgravity. These results demonstrate that ICA treatment plays osteoprotective roles in bone loss induced by simulated microgravity by inhibiting bone resorption and stabilizing bone biological apatite.
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28
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Zhang J, Qiu X, Xi K, Hu W, Pei H, Nie J, Wang Z, Ding J, Shang P, Li B, Zhou G. Therapeutic ionizing radiation induced bone loss: a review of in vivo and in vitro findings. Connect Tissue Res 2018; 59:509-522. [PMID: 29448860 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2018.1439482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is one of the routine treatment modalities for cancer patients. Ionizing radiation (IR) can induce bone loss, and consequently increases the risk of fractures with delayed and nonunion of the bone in the cancer patients who receive radiotherapy. The orchestrated bone remodeling can be disrupted due to the affected behaviors of bone cells, including bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), osteoblasts and osteoclasts. BMSCs and osteoblasts are relatively radioresistant compared with osteoclasts and its progenitors. Owing to different radiosensitivities of bone cells, unbalanced bone remodeling caused by IR is closely associated with the dose absorbed. For doses less than 2 Gy, osteoclastogenesis and adipogenesis by BMSCs are enhanced, while there are limited effects on osteoblasts. High doses (>10 Gy) induce disrupted architecture of bone, which is usually related to decreased osteogenic potential. In this review, studies elucidating the biological effects of IR on bone cells (BMSCs, osteoblasts and osteoclasts) are summarized. Several potential preventions and therapies are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection , Soochow University , Suzhou , China.,b Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Suzhou , China
| | - Xinyu Qiu
- a State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection , Soochow University , Suzhou , China.,b Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Suzhou , China
| | - Kedi Xi
- a State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection , Soochow University , Suzhou , China.,b Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Suzhou , China
| | - Wentao Hu
- a State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection , Soochow University , Suzhou , China.,b Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Suzhou , China
| | - Hailong Pei
- a State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection , Soochow University , Suzhou , China.,b Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Suzhou , China
| | - Jing Nie
- a State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection , Soochow University , Suzhou , China.,b Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Suzhou , China
| | - Ziyang Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection , Soochow University , Suzhou , China.,b Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Suzhou , China
| | - Jiahan Ding
- a State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection , Soochow University , Suzhou , China.,b Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Suzhou , China
| | - Peng Shang
- a State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection , Soochow University , Suzhou , China.,b Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Suzhou , China.,c Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences , Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an , China.,d Research & Development Institute in Shenzhen , Northwestern Polytechnical University, Fictitious College Garden , Shenzhen , China
| | - Bingyan Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection , Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Guangming Zhou
- a State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection , Soochow University , Suzhou , China.,b Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Suzhou , China
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29
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Bartlow CM, Mann KA, Damron TA, Oest ME. Limited field radiation therapy results in decreased bone fracture toughness in a murine model. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204928. [PMID: 30281657 PMCID: PMC6169919 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragility fractures are a well-known complication following oncologic radiotherapy, and it is suspected that radiation-induced embrittlement of bone within the treatment field may contribute to fracture risk. To explore this phenomenon, a mouse model (BALB/cJ) of fractionated, limited field, bilateral hindlimb irradiation (4x5 Gy) was used. The effects of radiation on femoral (cortical) bone fracture toughness, morphology, and biochemistry-including advanced glycation end products (AGEs)-were quantified and compared to Sham group samples prior to irradiation and at 0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-irradiation. Additionally, alterations to bone fracture toughness mediated directly by radiation (independent of cellular mechanisms) were determined using devitalized mouse cadaver femurs. Finally, the contribution of AGEs to reduced fracture toughness was examined by artificially ribosylating mouse femurs ex vivo. These data demonstrate that in vivo irradiation results in an immediate (-42% at 0 weeks, p < 0.001) and sustained (-28% at 12 weeks, p < 0.001) decrease in fracture toughness with small changes in morphology (-5% in cortical area at 12 weeks), and minimal changes in bone composition (tissue mineral density, mineral:matrix ratio, and AGE content). Irradiation of devitalized femurs also reduced fracture toughness (-29%, p < 0.001), but to a lesser extent than was seen in vivo. While artificial ribosylation decreased fracture toughness with time, the extent of glycation needed to induce this effect exceeded the AGE accumulation that occurred in vivo. Overall, hindlimb irradiation induced a substantial and sustained decrease in bone fracture toughness. Approximately half of this decrease in fracture toughness is due to direct radiation damage, independent of cellular remodeling. Collagen glycation in vivo was not substantially altered, suggesting other matrix changes may contribute to post-radiotherapy bone embrittlement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Bartlow
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Kenneth A. Mann
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Timothy A. Damron
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Megan E. Oest
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
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30
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Yang J, Zhang G, Dong D, Shang P. Effects of Iron Overload and Oxidative Damage on the Musculoskeletal System in the Space Environment: Data from Spaceflights and Ground-Based Simulation Models. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2608. [PMID: 30177626 PMCID: PMC6163331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The space environment chiefly includes microgravity and radiation, which seriously threatens the health of astronauts. Bone loss and muscle atrophy are the two most significant changes in mammals after long-term residency in space. In this review, we summarized current understanding of the effects of microgravity and radiation on the musculoskeletal system and discussed the corresponding mechanisms that are related to iron overload and oxidative damage. Furthermore, we enumerated some countermeasures that have a therapeutic potential for bone loss and muscle atrophy through using iron chelators and antioxidants. Future studies for better understanding the mechanism of iron and redox homeostasis imbalance induced by the space environment and developing the countermeasures against iron overload and oxidative damage consequently may facilitate human to travel more safely in space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Gejing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Dandan Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Peng Shang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Research & Development Institute in Shenzhen, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen 518057, China.
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31
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Zhou J, Wang F, Ma Y, Wei F. Vitamin D3 contributes to enhanced osteogenic differentiation of MSCs under oxidative stress condition via activating the endogenous antioxidant system. Osteoporos Int 2018; 29:1917-1926. [PMID: 29860665 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-018-4547-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The anti-oxidative effects of vitamin D3 (Vd3) on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have not been studied before. The present study suggested that Vd3 could not only promote the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs under normal condition but also partly protect it from oxidative stress damage by activating the endogenous antioxidant system. INTRODUCTION Evolving evidence proved that oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction might lead to bone loss. Vd3, a commonly used osteogenic induction drug, was proved to exhibit potent anti-oxidative effects on other cell types. The present study aims to investigate the protective effects of Vd3 on oxidative stress-induced dysfunctions of MSCs, as well as its underlying mechanisms. METHODS The H2O2 was used as exogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS). The influence of ROS and anti-oxidative protection of Vd3 on MSCs were analyzed too. Multi-techniques were used to assess the beneficial effects of Vd3 on MSCs under oxidative stress condition. RESULTS The results demonstrated that Vd3 could significantly attenuate the H2O2-induced cell injury of MSCs via Sirt1/FoxO1 signaling pathway, and reduced the H2O2 exposure-induced intracellular oxidative stress status of MSCs. What's more, the H2O2 exposure resulted in the decreased osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, as evidenced by decreased alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium deposition level, and osteogenic differentiation gene mRNA levels, but the injury was restored via Vd3 administration. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that Vd3 could not only promote the osteogenic differentiation of osteoblastic cells under normal condition but also partly protect the cell from oxidative stress damage by activating endogenous antioxidant system. The study shed light on the new roles of Vd3 in bone modeling and remodeling regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.1, Dongjiaominxiang, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
| | - F Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.1, Dongjiaominxiang, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.1, Dongjiaominxiang, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - F Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.1, Dongjiaominxiang, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
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32
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Suad KA, AL-Shamire JSH, Dhyaa AA. Histological and biochemical evaluation of supplementing broiler diet with β-hydroxy-methyl butyrate calcium (β-HMB-Ca). IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH 2018; 19:27-34. [PMID: 29805459 PMCID: PMC5960769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two hundred and sixteen day-old Ross-308 broiler chicks were allocated into 4 groups to study the impacts of different concentrations (0.0, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2%) of β-hydroxy-methyl butyrate calcium (β-HMB-Ca), on values of tri-iodothyronin (T3) and tetra-iodothyronin (T4) hormones, liver enzymes [aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)], uric acid, peroxide, malondialdihyde (MDA), fatty acids and some histological parameters of small intestine (thickness of mucosa, height of villi, thickness of villi, depth of epithelial crypts and epithelial height). The biochemical results did not show any significant effect on T3 and T4 hormones and ALT while there was significant (P<0.01) decrease of AST in groups 2 and 3 and significant (P<0.05) decrease in uric acid in groups 2, 3 and 4 in comparison to control. In the liver, peroxide value (PV) and free fatty acids (FFA) were significantly (P<0.05 and P<0.01 respectively) decreased in groups 2 and 3 compared to control. The histological changes indicate significant values (P<0.05) in all parameters of duodenum in group 2 and 3, while those parameters of jejunum showed significant values (P<0.05) in most parameters of groups 2 and 4. In conclusion, the addition of β-HMB-Ca to the broiler diet from age 1 to 35 days has improved the levels of liver function enzymes and uric acid in the serum and lowered the parameters of oxidation in the liver with improved the maturity, performance and secretory activities of the small intestine in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kh. A. Suad
- Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - J. S. H. AL-Shamire
- Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - A. A. Dhyaa
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
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33
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Shanmugarajan S, Zhang Y, Moreno-Villanueva M, Clanton R, Rohde LH, Ramesh GT, Sibonga JD, Wu H. Combined Effects of Simulated Microgravity and Radiation Exposure on Osteoclast Cell Fusion. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112443. [PMID: 29156538 PMCID: PMC5713410 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of bone mass and alteration in bone physiology during space flight are one of the major health risks for astronauts. Although the lack of weight bearing in microgravity is considered a risk factor for bone loss and possible osteoporosis, organisms living in space are also exposed to cosmic radiation and other environmental stress factors. As such, it is still unclear as to whether and by how much radiation exposure contributes to bone loss during space travel, and whether the effects of microgravity and radiation exposure are additive or synergistic. Bone is continuously renewed through the resorption of old bone by osteoclast cells and the formation of new bone by osteoblast cells. In this study, we investigated the combined effects of microgravity and radiation by evaluating the maturation of a hematopoietic cell line to mature osteoclasts. RAW 264.7 monocyte/macrophage cells were cultured in rotating wall vessels that simulate microgravity on the ground. Cells under static 1g or simulated microgravity were exposed to γ rays of varying doses, and then cultured in receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) for the formation of osteoclast giant multinucleated cells (GMCs) and for gene expression analysis. Results of the study showed that radiation alone at doses as low as 0.1 Gy may stimulate osteoclast cell fusion as assessed by GMCs and the expression of signature genes such as tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (Trap) and dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (Dcstamp). However, osteoclast cell fusion decreased for doses greater than 0.5 Gy. In comparison to radiation exposure, simulated microgravity induced higher levels of cell fusion, and the effects of these two environmental factors appeared additive. Interestingly, the microgravity effect on osteoclast stimulatory transmembrane protein (Ocstamp) and Dcstamp expressions was significantly higher than the radiation effect, suggesting that radiation may not increase the synthesis of adhesion molecules as much as microgravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasan Shanmugarajan
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA.
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Houston Clear Lake, Houston, TX 77058, USA.
| | - Ye Zhang
- NASA Kennedy Space Center, Cape Canaveral, FL 32899, USA.
| | - Maria Moreno-Villanueva
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA.
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Ryan Clanton
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Larry H Rohde
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Houston Clear Lake, Houston, TX 77058, USA.
| | | | | | - Honglu Wu
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA.
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Zhang J, Wang Z, Wu A, Nie J, Pei H, Hu W, Wang B, Shang P, Li B, Zhou G. Differences in responses to X-ray exposure between osteoclast and osteoblast cells. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2017; 58:791-802. [PMID: 28541506 PMCID: PMC5710662 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrx026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced bone loss is a potential health concern for cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. Enhanced bone resorption by osteoclasts and decreased bone formation by osteoblasts were thought to be the main reasons. In this study, we showed that both pre-differentiating and differentiating osteoclasts were relatively sensitive to X-rays compared with osteoblasts. X-rays decreased cell viability to a greater degree in RAW264.7 cells and in differentiating cells than than in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. X-rays at up to 8 Gy had little effects on osteoblast mineralization. In contrast, X-rays at 1 Gy induced enhanced osteoclastogenesis by enhanced cell fusion, but had no effects on bone resorption. A higher dose of X-rays at 8 Gy, however, had an inhibitory effect on bone resorption. In addition, actin ring formation was disrupted by 8 Gy of X-rays and reorganized into clusters. An increased activity of Caspase 3 was found after X-ray exposure. Actin disorganization and increased apoptosis may be the potential effects of X-rays at high doses, by inhibiting osteoclast differentiation. Taken together, our data indicate high radiosensitivity of osteoclasts. X-ray irradiation at relatively low doses can activate osteoclastogenesis, but not osteogenic differentiation. The radiosensitive osteoclasts are the potentially responsive cells for X-ray-induced bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ziyang Wang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Anqing Wu
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jing Nie
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hailong Pei
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wentao Hu
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-555, Japan
| | - Peng Shang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Bingyan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Guangming Zhou
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
- Corresponding author. School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China. Tel: +86-512-6588-4829; Fax: +86-512-6588-4830;
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35
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Yu K, Doherty AH, Genik PC, Gookin SE, Roteliuk DM, Wojda SJ, Jiang ZS, McGee-Lawrence ME, Weil MM, Donahue SW. Mimicking the effects of spaceflight on bone: Combined effects of disuse and chronic low-dose rate radiation exposure on bone mass in mice. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2017; 15:62-68. [PMID: 29198315 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
During spaceflight, crewmembers are subjected to biomechanical and biological challenges including microgravity and radiation. In the skeleton, spaceflight leads to bone loss, increasing the risk of fracture. Studies utilizing hindlimb suspension (HLS) as a ground-based model of spaceflight often neglect the concomitant effects of radiation exposure, and even when radiation is accounted for, it is often delivered at a high-dose rate over a very short period of time, which does not faithfully mimic spaceflight conditions. This study was designed to investigate the skeletal effects of low-dose rate gamma irradiation (8.5 cGy gamma radiation per day for 20 days, amounting to a total dose of 1.7 Gy) when administered simultaneously to disuse from HLS. The goal was to determine whether continuous, low-dose rate radiation administered during disuse would exacerbate bone loss in a murine HLS model. Four groups of 16 week old female C57BL/6 mice were studied: weight bearing + no radiation (WB+NR), HLS + NR, WB + radiation exposure (WB+RAD), and HLS+RAD. Surprisingly, although HLS led to cortical and trabecular bone loss, concurrent radiation exposure did not exacerbate these effects. Our results raise the possibility that mechanical unloading has larger effects on the bone loss that occurs during spaceflight than low-dose rate radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanglun Yu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Alison H Doherty
- Department of Medical Education, WWAMI Medical Education Program, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Paula C Genik
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Sara E Gookin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Danielle M Roteliuk
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Samantha J Wojda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Zhi-Sheng Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Meghan E McGee-Lawrence
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Michael M Weil
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Seth W Donahue
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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Tahimic CGT, Globus RK. Redox Signaling and Its Impact on Skeletal and Vascular Responses to Spaceflight. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102153. [PMID: 29035346 PMCID: PMC5666834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spaceflight entails exposure to numerous environmental challenges with the potential to contribute to both musculoskeletal and vascular dysfunction. The purpose of this review is to describe current understanding of microgravity and radiation impacts on the mammalian skeleton and associated vasculature at the level of the whole organism. Recent experiments from spaceflight and ground-based models have provided fresh insights into how these environmental stresses influence mechanisms that are related to redox signaling, oxidative stress, and tissue dysfunction. Emerging mechanistic knowledge on cellular defenses to radiation and other environmental stressors, including microgravity, are useful for both screening and developing interventions against spaceflight-induced deficits in bone and vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice G T Tahimic
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
- KBRWyle, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
| | - Ruth K Globus
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
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37
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The Impact of Oxidative Stress on the Bone System in Response to the Space Special Environment. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102132. [PMID: 29023398 PMCID: PMC5666814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The space special environment mainly includes microgravity, radiation, vacuum and extreme temperature, which seriously threatens an astronaut’s health. Bone loss is one of the most significant alterations in mammalians after long-duration habitation in space. In this review, we summarize the crucial roles of major factors—namely radiation and microgravity—in space in oxidative stress generation in living organisms, and the inhibitory effect of oxidative stress on bone formation. We discussed the possible mechanisms of oxidative stress-induced skeletal involution, and listed some countermeasures that have therapeutic potentials for bone loss via oxidative stress antagonism. Future research for better understanding the oxidative stress caused by space environment and the development of countermeasures against oxidative damage accordingly may facilitate human beings to live more safely in space and explore deeper into the universe.
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38
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Alwood JS, Tran LH, Schreurs AS, Shirazi-Fard Y, Kumar A, Hilton D, Tahimic CGT, Globus RK. Dose- and Ion-Dependent Effects in the Oxidative Stress Response to Space-Like Radiation Exposure in the Skeletal System. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102117. [PMID: 28994728 PMCID: PMC5666799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Space radiation may pose a risk to skeletal health during subsequent aging. Irradiation acutely stimulates bone remodeling in mice, although the long-term influence of space radiation on bone-forming potential (osteoblastogenesis) and possible adaptive mechanisms are not well understood. We hypothesized that ionizing radiation impairs osteoblastogenesis in an ion-type specific manner, with low doses capable of modulating expression of redox-related genes. 16-weeks old, male, C57BL6/J mice were exposed to low linear-energy-transfer (LET) protons (150 MeV/n) or high-LET 56Fe ions (600 MeV/n) using either low (5 or 10 cGy) or high (50 or 200 cGy) doses at NASA's Space Radiation Lab. Five weeks or one year after irradiation, tissues were harvested and analyzed by microcomputed tomography for cancellous microarchitecture and cortical geometry. Marrow-derived, adherent cells were grown under osteoblastogenic culture conditions. Cell lysates were analyzed by RT-PCR during the proliferative or mineralizing phase of growth, and differentiation was analyzed by imaging mineralized nodules. As expected, a high dose (200 cGy), but not lower doses, of either 56Fe or protons caused a loss of cancellous bone volume/total volume. Marrow cells produced mineralized nodules ex vivo regardless of radiation type or dose; 56Fe (200 cGy) inhibited osteoblastogenesis by more than 90% (5 weeks and 1 year post-IR). After 5 weeks, irradiation (protons or 56Fe) caused few changes in gene expression levels during osteoblastogenesis, although a high dose 56Fe (200 cGy) increased Catalase and Gadd45. The addition of exogenous superoxide dismutase (SOD) protected marrow-derived osteoprogenitors from the damaging effects of exposure to low-LET (137Cs γ) when irradiated in vitro, but had limited protective effects on high-LET 56Fe-exposed cells. In sum, either protons or 56Fe at a relatively high dose (200 cGy) caused persistent bone loss, whereas only high-LET 56Fe increased redox-related gene expression, albeit to a limited extent, and inhibited osteoblastogenesis. Doses below 50 cGy did not elicit widespread responses in any parameter measured. We conclude that high-LET irradiation at 200 cGy impaired osteoblastogenesis and regulated steady-state gene expression of select redox-related genes during osteoblastogenesis, which may contribute to persistent bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S Alwood
- Bone and Signaling Laboratory, Space BioSciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail-Stop 236-7, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
| | - Luan H Tran
- Bone and Signaling Laboratory, Space BioSciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail-Stop 236-7, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
| | - Ann-Sofie Schreurs
- Bone and Signaling Laboratory, Space BioSciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail-Stop 236-7, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
| | - Yasaman Shirazi-Fard
- Bone and Signaling Laboratory, Space BioSciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail-Stop 236-7, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Bone and Signaling Laboratory, Space BioSciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail-Stop 236-7, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
| | - Diane Hilton
- Bone and Signaling Laboratory, Space BioSciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail-Stop 236-7, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
| | - Candice G T Tahimic
- Bone and Signaling Laboratory, Space BioSciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail-Stop 236-7, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
- Wyle Laboratories, Mail-Stop 236-7, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
| | - Ruth K Globus
- Bone and Signaling Laboratory, Space BioSciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail-Stop 236-7, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
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39
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Lima F, Swift JM, Greene ES, Allen MR, Cunningham DA, Braby LA, Bloomfield SA. Exposure to Low-Dose X-Ray Radiation Alters Bone Progenitor Cells and Bone Microarchitecture. Radiat Res 2017; 188:433-442. [PMID: 28771086 DOI: 10.1667/rr14414.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to high-dose ionizing radiation during medical treatment exerts well-documented deleterious effects on bone health, reducing bone density and contributing to bone growth retardation in young patients and spontaneous fracture in postmenopausal women. However, the majority of human radiation exposures occur in a much lower dose range than that used in the radiation oncology clinic. Furthermore, very few studies have examined the effects of low-dose ionizing radiation on bone integrity and results have been inconsistent. In this study, mice were irradiated with a total-body dose of 0.17, 0.5 or 1 Gy to quantify the early (day 3 postirradiation) and delayed (day 21 postirradiation) effects of radiation on bone microarchitecture and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Female BALBc mice (4 months old) were divided into four groups: irradiated (0.17, 0.5 and 1 Gy) and sham-irradiated controls (0 Gy). Micro-computed tomography analysis of distal femur trabecular bone from animals at day 21 after exposure to 1 Gy of X-ray radiation revealed a 21% smaller bone volume (BV/TV), 22% decrease in trabecular numbers (Tb.N) and 9% greater trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) compared to sham-irradiated controls (P < 0.05). We evaluated the differentiation capacity of bone marrow stromal cells harvested at days 3 and 21 postirradiation into osteoblast and adipocyte cells. Osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation was decreased when cells were harvested at day 3 postirradiation but enhanced in cells isolated at day 21 postirradiation, suggesting a compensatory recovery process. Osteoclast differentiation was increased in 1 Gy irradiated BMSCs harvested at day 3 postirradiation, but not in those harvested at day 21 postirradiation, compared to controls. This study provides evidence of an early, radiation-induced decrease in osteoblast activity and numbers, as well as a later recovery effect after exposure to 1 Gy of X-rays, whereas osteoclastogenesis was enhanced. A better understanding of the effects of radiation on osteoprogenitor cell populations could lead to more effective therapeutic interventions that protect bone integrity for individuals exposed to low-dose ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Lima
- a Division of Nephrology, Bone and Mineral Metabolism, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Joshua M Swift
- b Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Elisabeth S Greene
- b Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Matthew R Allen
- e Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - David A Cunningham
- b Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Leslie A Braby
- c Department of Nuclear Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Susan A Bloomfield
- b Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843.,d Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
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40
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Sasi SP, Yan X, Zuriaga-Herrero M, Gee H, Lee J, Mehrzad R, Song J, Onufrak J, Morgan J, Enderling H, Walsh K, Kishore R, Goukassian DA. Different Sequences of Fractionated Low-Dose Proton and Single Iron-Radiation-Induced Divergent Biological Responses in the Heart. Radiat Res 2017; 188:191-203. [PMID: 28613990 DOI: 10.1667/rr14667.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Deep-space travel presents risks of exposure to ionizing radiation composed of a spectrum of low-fluence protons (1H) and high-charge and energy (HZE) iron nuclei (e.g., 56Fe). When exposed to galactic cosmic rays, each cell in the body may be traversed by 1H every 3-4 days and HZE nuclei every 3-4 months. The effects of low-dose sequential fractionated 1H or HZE on the heart are unknown. In this animal model of simulated ionizing radiation, middle-aged (8-9 months old) male C57BL/6NT mice were exposed to radiation as follows: group 1, nonirradiated controls; group 2, three fractionated doses of 17 cGy 1H every other day (1H × 3); group 3, three fractionated doses of 17 cGy 1H every other day followed by a single low dose of 15 cGy 56Fe two days after the final 1H dose (1H × 3 + 56Fe); and group 4, a single low dose of 15 cGy 56Fe followed (after 2 days) by three fractionated doses of 17 cGy 1H every other day (56Fe + 1H × 3). A subgroup of mice from each group underwent myocardial infarction (MI) surgery at 28 days postirradiation. Cardiac structure and function were assessed in all animals at days 7, 14 and 28 after MI surgery was performed. Compared to the control animals, the treatments that groups 2 and 3 received did not induce negative effects on cardiac function or structure. However, compared to all other groups, the animals in group 4, showed depressed left ventricular (LV) functions at 1 month with concomitant enhancement in cardiac fibrosis and induction of cardiac hypertrophy signaling at 3 months. In the irradiated and MI surgery groups compared to the control group, the treatments received by groups 2 and 4 did not induce negative effects at 1 month postirradiation and MI surgery. However, in group 3 after MI surgery, there was a 24% increase in mortality, significant decreases in LV function and a 35% increase in post-infarction size. These changes were associated with significant decreases in the angiogenic and cell survival signaling pathways. These data suggest that fractionated doses of radiation induces cellular and molecular changes that result in depressed heart functions both under basal conditions and particularly after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharath P Sasi
- a Cardiovascular Research Center, GeneSys Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xinhua Yan
- a Cardiovascular Research Center, GeneSys Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,b Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marian Zuriaga-Herrero
- f Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hannah Gee
- a Cardiovascular Research Center, GeneSys Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Juyong Lee
- c Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Raman Mehrzad
- d Steward Carney Hospital, Dorchester, Massachusetts
| | - Jin Song
- a Cardiovascular Research Center, GeneSys Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jillian Onufrak
- a Cardiovascular Research Center, GeneSys Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James Morgan
- b Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,d Steward Carney Hospital, Dorchester, Massachusetts
| | - Heiko Enderling
- e Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Kenneth Walsh
- f Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Raj Kishore
- 7 Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David A Goukassian
- a Cardiovascular Research Center, GeneSys Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,f Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,7 Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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41
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Sun R, Zhu G, Wang J, Tong L, Zhai J. Indirect effects of X-irradiation on proliferation and osteogenic potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in a local irradiated rat model. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:3706-3714. [PMID: 28440500 PMCID: PMC5436268 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer survivors after radiotherapy may suffer a variety of bone-related adverse side effects, including radioactive osteoporosis and fractures. Localized irradiation is a common treatment modality for malignancies. Recently, a series of reactions and injuries called indirect effects (remote changes in bone when other parts of the body are irradiated) have been reported on the indirect irradiated area of bone tissue after radiotherapy. To address this issue, we developed a rat localized irradiation model. Rats were irradiated with a single dose of X-rays to the left hind limbs, and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) were isolated from bone marrow of the left (direct irradiated) and right (indirect irradiated) hind limbs 3, 7 and 14 days after irradiation, and assayed for the proliferation ability and osteogenic potential by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization assay, RT-PCR and western blot analysis. The results showed that there were significant morphology changes in the BMMSCs from direct and indirect irradiated bone tissue with bigger cell bodies and increased granules. The proliferation of BMMSCs decreased both in the direct irradiated and non-irradiated bone tissue. The ALP expression and activities of BMMSCs from direct irradiated bone was consistently defected following a transient enhancement, the mRNA levels of RUNX2 and OCN, the protein expression of RUNX2, and the mineralization ability also showed the same trend. Simultaneously, in indirect irradiated group, the osteogenic potential indicators of BMMSCs decreased in the early stage of post-irradiation and were still impaired 14 days after irradiation. Our data demonstrate that localized irradiation may have both direct and indirect adverse effects on BMMSCs' proliferation and osteogenic potential into osteoblast, which may be the mechanism of radiation-induced abscopal impairment to the skeleton in the cancer radiotherapy-induced bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilian Sun
- Department of Radiation Protection, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Guoying Zhu
- Department of Radiation Protection, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Department of Radiation Protection, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Ling Tong
- Department of Radiation Protection, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jianglong Zhai
- Department of Radiation Protection, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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42
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Chandra A, Lin T, Young T, Tong W, Ma X, Tseng WJ, Kramer I, Kneissel M, Levine MA, Zhang Y, Cengel K, Liu XS, Qin L. Suppression of Sclerostin Alleviates Radiation-Induced Bone Loss by Protecting Bone-Forming Cells and Their Progenitors Through Distinct Mechanisms. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:360-372. [PMID: 27635523 PMCID: PMC5476363 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Focal radiotherapy is frequently associated with skeletal damage within the radiation field. Our previous in vitro study showed that activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway can overcome radiation-induced DNA damage and apoptosis of osteoblastic cells. Neutralization of circulating sclerostin with a monoclonal antibody (Scl-Ab) is an innovative approach for treating osteoporosis by enhancing Wnt/β-catenin signaling in bone. Together with the fact that focal radiation increases sclerostin amount in bone, we sought to determine whether weekly treatment with Scl-Ab would prevent focal radiotherapy-induced osteoporosis in mice. Micro-CT and histomorphometric analyses demonstrated that Scl-Ab blocked trabecular bone structural deterioration after radiation by partially preserving osteoblast number and activity. Consistently, trabecular bone in sclerostin null mice was resistant to radiation via the same mechanism. Scl-Ab accelerated DNA repair in osteoblasts after radiation by reducing the number of γ-H2AX foci, a DNA double-strand break marker, and increasing the amount of Ku70, a DNA repair protein, thus protecting osteoblasts from radiation-induced apoptosis. In osteocytes, apart from using similar DNA repair mechanism to rescue osteocyte apoptosis, Scl-Ab restored the osteocyte canaliculi structure that was otherwise damaged by radiation. Using a lineage tracing approach that labels all mesenchymal lineage cells in the endosteal bone marrow, we demonstrated that radiation damage to mesenchymal progenitors mainly involves shifting their fate to adipocytes and arresting their proliferation ability but not inducing apoptosis, which are different mechanisms from radiation damage to mature bone forming cells. Scl-Ab treatment partially blocked the lineage shift but had no effect on the loss of proliferation potential. Taken together, our studies provide proof-of-principle evidence for a novel use of Scl-Ab as a therapeutic treatment for radiation-induced osteoporosis and establish molecular and cellular mechanisms that support such treatment. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Chandra
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tiao Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Musculoskeletal Oncology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tiffany Young
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wei Tong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wei-Ju Tseng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ina Kramer
- Musculoskeletal Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michaela Kneissel
- Musculoskeletal Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael A Levine
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes and the Center for Bone Health, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yejia Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Keith Cengel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - X Sherry Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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43
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Macias BR, Lima F, Swift JM, Shirazi-Fard Y, Greene ES, Allen MR, Fluckey J, Hogan HA, Braby L, Wang S, Bloomfield SA. Simulating the Lunar Environment: Partial Weightbearing and High-LET Radiation-Induce Bone Loss and Increase Sclerostin-Positive Osteocytes. Radiat Res 2016; 186:254-63. [PMID: 27538114 DOI: 10.1667/rr13579.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Exploration missions to the Moon or Mars will expose astronauts to galactic cosmic radiation and low gravitational fields. Exposure to reduced weightbearing and radiation independently result in bone loss. However, no data exist regarding the skeletal consequences of combining low-dose, high-linear energy transfer (LET) radiation and partial weightbearing. We hypothesized that simulated galactic cosmic radiation would exacerbate bone loss in animals held at one-sixth body weight (G/6) without radiation exposure. Female BALB/cByJ four-month-old mice were randomly assigned to one of the following treatment groups: 1 gravity (1G) control; 1G with radiation; G/6 control; and G/6 with radiation. Mice were exposed to either silicon-28 or X-ray radiation. (28)Si radiation (300 MeV/nucleon) was administered at acute doses of 0 (sham), 0.17 and 0.5 Gy, or in three fractionated doses of 0.17 Gy each over seven days. X radiation (250 kV) was administered at acute doses of 0 (sham), 0.17, 0.5 and 1 Gy, or in three fractionated doses of 0.33 Gy each over 14 days. Bones were harvested 21 days after the first exposure. Acute 1 Gy X-ray irradiation during G/6, and acute or fractionated 0.5 Gy (28)Si irradiation during 1G resulted in significantly lower cancellous mass [percentage bone volume/total volume (%BV/TV), by microcomputed tomography]. In addition, G/6 significantly reduced %BV/TV compared to 1G controls. When acute X-ray irradiation was combined with G/6, distal femur %BV/TV was significantly lower compared to G/6 control. Fractionated X-ray irradiation during G/6 protected against radiation-induced losses in %BV/TV and trabecular number, while fractionated (28)Si irradiation during 1G exacerbated the effects compared to single-dose exposure. Impaired bone formation capacity, measured by percentage mineralizing surface, can partially explain the lower cortical bone thickness. Moreover, both partial weightbearing and (28)Si-ion exposure contribute to a higher proportion of sclerostin-positive osteocytes in cortical bone. Taken together, these data suggest that partial weightbearing and low-dose, high-LET radiation negatively impact maintenance of bone mass by lowering bone formation and increasing bone resorption. The impaired bone formation response is associated with sclerostin-induced suppression of Wnt signaling. Therefore, exposure to low-dose, high-LET radiation during long-duration spaceflight missions may reduce bone formation capacity, decrease cancellous bone mass and increase bone resorption. Future countermeasure strategies should aim to restore mechanical loads on bone to those experienced in one gravity. Moreover, low-doses of high-LET radiation during long-duration spaceflight should be limited or countermeasure strategies employed to mitigate bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - M R Allen
- g Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | | | - H A Hogan
- b Biomedical Engineering.,c Mechanical Engineering
| | | | - Suojin Wang
- f Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843 and
| | - S A Bloomfield
- a Health and Kinesiology.,d Intercollegiate Faculty of Nutrition
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44
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Guo C, Li C, Yang K, Kang H, Xu X, Xu X, Deng L. Increased EZH2 and decreased osteoblastogenesis during local irradiation-induced bone loss in rats. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31318. [PMID: 27499068 PMCID: PMC4976370 DOI: 10.1038/srep31318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is commonly used to treat cancer patients but exhibits adverse effects, including insufficiency fractures and bone loss. Epigenetic regulation plays an important role in osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Here, we reported local bone changes after single-dose exposure to 137CS irradiation in rats. Femur bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular bone volume in the tibia were significantly decreased at 12 weeks after irradiation. Micro-CT results showed that tBMD, Tb.h and Tb.N were also significantly reduced at 12 weeks after irradiation exposure. ALP-positive OB.S/BS was decreased by 42.3% at 2 weeks after irradiation and was decreased by 50.8% at 12 weeks after exposure. In contrast to the decreased expression of Runx2 and BMP2, we found EZH2 expression was significantly increased at 2 weeks after single-dose 137CS irradiation in BMSCs. Together, our results demonstrated that single-dose 137CS irradiation induces BMD loss and the deterioration of bone microarchitecture in the rat skeleton. Furthermore, EZH2 expression increased and osteoblastogenesis decreased after irradiation. The underlying mechanisms warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjun Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Address: No. 197, Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai 200025 China
| | - Changwei Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Address: No. 197, Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai 200025 China
| | - Kai Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Address: No. 197, Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai 200025 China
| | - Hui Kang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Address: No. 197, Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai 200025 China
| | - Xiaoya Xu
- Department of Bone Metabolism, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. Address: No. 2094, Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Xiangyang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Address: No. 197, Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai 200025 China
| | - Lianfu Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Address: No. 197, Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai 200025 China
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45
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Lee D, Kook SH, Ji H, Lee SA, Choi KC, Lee KY, Lee JC. N-acetyl cysteine inhibits H2O2-mediated reduction in the mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells by down-regulating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. BMB Rep 2016; 48:636-41. [PMID: 26303969 PMCID: PMC4911206 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2015.48.11.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There are controversial findings regarding the roles of nuclear factor
(erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway on bone
metabolism under oxidative stress. We investigated how Nrf2/HO-1 pathway affects
osteoblast differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells in response to hydrogen peroxide
(H2O2), N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), or
both. Exposing the cells to H2O2 decreased the alkaline
phosphatase activity, calcium accumulation, and expression of osteoblast
markers, such as osteocalcin and runt-related transcription factor-2. In
contrast, H2O2 treatment increased the expression of Nrf2
and HO-1 in the cells. Treatment with hemin, a chemical HO-1 inducer, mimicked
the inhibitory effect of H2O2 on osteoblast
differentiation by increasing the HO-1 expression and decreasing the osteogenic
marker genes. Pretreatment with NAC restored all changes induced by
H2O2 to near normal levels in the cells. Collectively,
our findings suggest that H2O2-mediated activation of
Nrf2/HO-1 pathway negatively regulates the osteoblast differentiation, which is
inhibited by NAC. [BMB Reports 2015; 48(11): 636-641]
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Affiliation(s)
- Daewoo Lee
- Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Kook
- Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry; Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Hyeok Ji
- Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Seung-Ah Lee
- Department of Nursing, Chonnam Techno College, Chonnam 57500, Korea
| | - Ki-Choon Choi
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan 31002, Korea
| | - Kyung-Yeol Lee
- Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Jeong-Chae Lee
- Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry; Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
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Grimm D, Grosse J, Wehland M, Mann V, Reseland JE, Sundaresan A, Corydon TJ. The impact of microgravity on bone in humans. Bone 2016; 87:44-56. [PMID: 27032715 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Experiencing real weightlessness in space is a dream for many of us who are interested in space research. Although space traveling fascinates us, it can cause both short-term and long-term health problems. Microgravity is the most important influence on the human organism in space. The human body undergoes dramatic changes during a long-term spaceflight. In this review, we will mainly focus on changes in calcium, sodium and bone metabolism of space travelers. Moreover, we report on the current knowledge on the mechanisms of bone loss in space, available models to simulate the effects of microgravity on bone on Earth as well as the combined effects of microgravity and cosmic radiation on bone. The available countermeasures applied in space will also be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Grimm
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Jirka Grosse
- Department of Nuclear Medicine Germany, University of Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus Wehland
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Vivek Mann
- Department of Biology, Texas Southern University, 3100 Cleburne, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Janne Elin Reseland
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, N-0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Alamelu Sundaresan
- Department of Biology, Texas Southern University, 3100 Cleburne, Houston, TX 77004, USA
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47
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Bloomfield SA, Martinez DA, Boudreaux RD, Mantri AV. Microgravity Stress: Bone and Connective Tissue. Compr Physiol 2016; 6:645-86. [PMID: 27065165 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c130027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The major alterations in bone and the dense connective tissues in humans and animals exposed to microgravity illustrate the dependency of these tissues' function on normal gravitational loading. Whether these alterations depend solely on the reduced mechanical loading of zero g or are compounded by fluid shifts, altered tissue blood flow, radiation exposure, and altered nutritional status is not yet well defined. Changes in the dense connective tissues and intervertebral disks are generally smaller in magnitude but occur more rapidly than those in mineralized bone with transitions to 0 g and during recovery once back to the loading provided by 1 g conditions. However, joint injuries are projected to occur much more often than the more catastrophic bone fracture during exploration class missions, so protecting the integrity of both tissues is important. This review focuses on the research performed over the last 20 years in humans and animals exposed to actual spaceflight, as well as on knowledge gained from pertinent ground-based models such as bed rest in humans and hindlimb unloading in rodents. Significant progress has been made in our understanding of the mechanisms for alterations in bone and connective tissues with exposure to microgravity, but intriguing questions remain to be solved, particularly with reference to biomedical risks associated with prolonged exploration missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Bloomfield
- Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel A Martinez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ramon D Boudreaux
- Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Anita V Mantri
- Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.,Health Science Center School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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48
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Ghosh P, Behnke BJ, Stabley JN, Kilar CR, Park Y, Narayanan A, Alwood JS, Shirazi-Fard Y, Schreurs AS, Globus RK, Delp MD. Effects of High-LET Radiation Exposure and Hindlimb Unloading on Skeletal Muscle Resistance Artery Vasomotor Properties and Cancellous Bone Microarchitecture in Mice. Radiat Res 2016; 185:257-66. [PMID: 26930379 DOI: 10.1667/rr4308.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Weightlessness during spaceflight leads to functional changes in resistance arteries and loss of cancellous bone, which may be potentiated by radiation exposure. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of hindlimb unloading (HU) and total-body irradiation (TBI) on the vasomotor responses of skeletal muscle arteries. Male C57BL/6 mice were assigned to control, HU (13-16 days), TBI (1 Gy (56)Fe, 600 MeV, 10 cGy/min) and HU-TBI groups. Gastrocnemius muscle feed arteries were isolated for in vitro study. Endothelium-dependent (acetylcholine) and -independent (Dea-NONOate) vasodilator and vasoconstrictor (KCl, phenylephrine and myogenic) responses were evaluated. Arterial endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1) and xanthine oxidase (XO) protein content and tibial cancellous bone microarchitecture were quantified. Endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilator responses were impaired in all groups relative to control, and acetylcholine-induced vasodilation was lower in the HU-TBI group relative to that in the HU and TBI groups. Reductions in endothelium-dependent vasodilation correlated with a lower cancellous bone volume fraction. Nitric oxide synthase inhibition abolished all group differences in endothelium-dependent vasodilation. HU and HU-TBI resulted in decreases in eNOS protein levels, while TBI and HU-TBI produced lower SOD-1 and higher XO protein content. Vasoconstrictor responses were not altered. Reductions in NO bioavailability (eNOS), lower anti-oxidant capacity (SOD-1) and higher pro-oxidant capacity (XO) may contribute to the deficits in NOS signaling in skeletal muscle resistance arteries. These findings suggest that the combination of insults experienced in spaceflight leads to impairment of vasodilator function in resistance arteries that is mediated through deficits in NOS signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Ghosh
- a Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306
| | - Brad J Behnke
- b Department of Kinesiology and the Johnson Cancer Research Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
| | - John N Stabley
- c Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Cody R Kilar
- d Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Yoonjung Park
- e Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
| | - Anand Narayanan
- f Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas 77807; and
| | - Joshua S Alwood
- g Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035
| | - Yasaman Shirazi-Fard
- g Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035
| | - Ann-Sofie Schreurs
- g Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035
| | - Ruth K Globus
- g Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035
| | - Michael D Delp
- a Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306
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49
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Schreurs AS, Shirazi-Fard Y, Shahnazari M, Alwood JS, Truong TA, Tahimic CGT, Limoli CL, Turner ND, Halloran B, Globus RK. Dried plum diet protects from bone loss caused by ionizing radiation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21343. [PMID: 26867002 PMCID: PMC4750446 DOI: 10.1038/srep21343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone loss caused by ionizing radiation is a potential health concern for radiotherapy patients, radiation workers and astronauts. In animal studies, exposure to ionizing radiation increases oxidative damage in skeletal tissues, and results in an imbalance in bone remodeling initiated by increased bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Therefore, we evaluated various candidate interventions with antioxidant or anti-inflammatory activities (antioxidant cocktail, dihydrolipoic acid, ibuprofen, dried plum) both for their ability to blunt the expression of resorption-related genes in marrow cells after irradiation with either gamma rays (photons, 2 Gy) or simulated space radiation (protons and heavy ions, 1 Gy) and to prevent bone loss. Dried plum was most effective in reducing the expression of genes related to bone resorption (Nfe2l2, Rankl, Mcp1, Opg, TNF-α) and also preventing later cancellous bone decrements caused by irradiation with either photons or heavy ions. Thus, dietary supplementation with DP may prevent the skeletal effects of radiation exposures either in space or on Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-S Schreurs
- Bone and Signaling Laboratory, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center
| | - Y Shirazi-Fard
- Bone and Signaling Laboratory, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center
| | - M Shahnazari
- Bone and Signaling Laboratory, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center
| | - J S Alwood
- Bone and Signaling Laboratory, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center
| | - T A Truong
- Bone and Signaling Laboratory, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center
| | - C G T Tahimic
- Bone and Signaling Laboratory, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center
| | - C L Limoli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Irvine
| | - N D Turner
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University
| | - B Halloran
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of California San Francisco
| | - R K Globus
- Bone and Signaling Laboratory, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center
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50
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Shirazi-Fard Y, Alwood JS, Schreurs AS, Castillo AB, Globus RK. Mechanical loading causes site-specific anabolic effects on bone following exposure to ionizing radiation. Bone 2015; 81:260-269. [PMID: 26191778 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
During spaceflight, astronauts will be exposed to a complex mixture of ionizing radiation that poses a risk to their health. Exposure of rodents to ionizing radiation on Earth causes bone loss and increases osteoclasts in cancellous tissue, but also may cause persistent damage to stem cells and osteoprogenitors. We hypothesized that ionizing radiation damages skeletal tissue despite a prolonged recovery period, and depletes the ability of cells in the osteoblast lineage to respond at a later time. The goal of the current study was to test if irradiation prevents bone accrual and bone formation induced by an anabolic mechanical stimulus. Tibial axial compression was used as an anabolic stimulus after irradiation with heavy ions. Mice (male, C57BL/6J, 16 weeks) were exposed to high atomic number, high energy (HZE) iron ions ((56)Fe, 2 Gy, 600 MeV/ion) (IR, n=5) or sham-irradiated (Sham, n=5). In vivo axial loading was initiated 5 months post-irradiation; right tibiae in anesthetized mice were subjected to an established protocol known to stimulate bone formation (cyclic 9N compressive pulse, 60 cycles/day, 3 day/wk for 4 weeks). In vivo data showed no difference due to irradiation in the apparent stiffness of the lower limb at the initiation of the axial loading regimen. Axial loading increased cancellous bone volume by microcomputed tomography and bone formation rate by histomorphometry in both sham and irradiated animals, with a main effect of axial loading determined by two-factor ANOVA with repeated measure. There were no effects of radiation in cancellous bone microarchitecture and indices of bone formation. At the tibia diaphysis, results also revealed a main effect of axial loading on structure. Furthermore, irradiation prevented axial loading-induced stimulation of bone formation rate at the periosteal surface of cortical tissue. In summary, axial loading stimulated the net accrual of cancellous and cortical mass and increased cancellous bone formation rate despite prior exposure to ionizing radiation, in this case, HZE particles. Our findings suggest that mechanical stimuli may prove an effective treatment to improve skeletal structure following exposure to ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Shirazi-Fard
- Bone and Signaling Laboratory, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail-Stop 236-7, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
| | - Joshua S Alwood
- Bone and Signaling Laboratory, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail-Stop 236-7, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
| | - Ann-Sofie Schreurs
- Bone and Signaling Laboratory, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail-Stop 236-7, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
| | - Alesha B Castillo
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Ruth K Globus
- Bone and Signaling Laboratory, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail-Stop 236-7, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
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