1
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Miligy IM, Awasthi R, Mir Y, Khurana A, Sharma V, Chandaran U, Rakha E, Maurice Y, Kearns D, Oweis R, Asar A, Ironside A, Shaaban AM. Morphological and molecular changes of oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer following bridging endocrine therapy: a United Kingdom multicentre study. Histopathology 2024; 85:405-417. [PMID: 38845397 DOI: 10.1111/his.15238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Standard neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NAET) is used for 6-9 months to downstage hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer. Bridging ET was introduced during the COVID-19 pandemic to delay surgical intervention. There are no data in the literature on the effect of short course therapy on tumour response. We aimed to analyse the effect of bridging ET and validate the previously proposed neoadjuvant ET pathological reporting criteria. METHODS AND RESULTS This was a multicentre cohort of 256 patients who received bridging ET between March and October 2020. Assessment of paired pre- and post-NAET hormone receptors and HER2 and posttherapy Ki67 expression was done. The median duration of NAET was 45 days. In all, 86% of cases achieved partial pathological response and 9% showed minimal residual disease. Histological response to ET was observed from as early as day 6 posttherapy. Central scarring was noted in 32.8% of cases and lymphocytic infiltrate was seen in 43.4% of cases. Significant changes associated with the duration of ET were observed in tumour grade (21%), with downgrading identified in 12% of tumours (P < 0.001), progesterone receptor (PR) expression with switch to PR-negative status in 26% of cases (P < 0.001), and HER2 status with a switch from HER2-low to HER2-negative status in 32% of cases (P < 0.001). The median patient survival was 475 days, with an overall survival rate of 99.6%. CONCLUSIONS Changes characteristic of tumour regression and significant changes in PR and HER2 occurred following a short course of NAET. The findings support biomarker testing on pretreatment core biopsies and retesting following therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam M Miligy
- Cellular Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
- Histopathology Department, Menoufia University, Shebin El Kom, Egypt
| | - Rachna Awasthi
- Cellular Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Yasmeen Mir
- Pathology, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Anuj Khurana
- Pathology, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Vijay Sharma
- Pathology, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Usha Chandaran
- Histopathology Department, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, UK
| | - Emad Rakha
- Histopathology Department, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Yasmine Maurice
- Histopathology Department, Heartlands General Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Daniel Kearns
- Cellular Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rami Oweis
- Histopathology Department, Rotherham Foundation Trust, Rotherham, UK
| | - Amal Asar
- Histopathology Department, Rotherham Foundation Trust, Rotherham, UK
| | | | - Abeer M Shaaban
- Cellular Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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2
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Jiang Q, Xiao J, Hsieh YC, Kumar NL, Han L, Zou Y, Li H. The Role of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Axis in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1610. [PMID: 39062182 PMCID: PMC11274428 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common malignancies globally, representing a significant public health problem with a poor prognosis. The development of efficient therapeutic strategies for HNSCC prevention and treatment is urgently needed. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR (PAM) signaling pathway is a highly conserved transduction network in eukaryotic cells that promotes cell survival, growth, and cycle progression. Dysfunction in components of this pathway, such as hyperactivity of PI3K, loss of PTEN function, and gain-of-function mutations in AKT, are well-known drivers of treatment resistance and disease progression in cancer. In this review, we discuss the major mutations and dysregulations in the PAM signaling pathway in HNSCC. We highlight the results of clinical trials involving inhibitors targeting the PAM signaling pathway as a strategy for treating HNSCC. Additionally, we examine the primary mechanisms of resistance to drugs targeting the PAM pathway and potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Jiang
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; (Q.J.)
- International Dentist Pathway, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jingyi Xiao
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; (Q.J.)
| | - Yao-Ching Hsieh
- International Dentist Pathway, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Neha Love Kumar
- International Dentist Pathway, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Lei Han
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; (Q.J.)
| | - Yuntao Zou
- Division of Hospital Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Huang Li
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; (Q.J.)
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3
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Zhao JL, Yang J, Li K, Chen Y, Tang M, Zhu HL, Nie CL, Yuan Z, Zhao XY. Abrogation of ATR function preferentially augments cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in PTEN-deficient breast cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 385:110740. [PMID: 37802411 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Targeting replication stress response is currently emerging as new therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment, based on monotherapy and combination approaches. As a key sensor in response to DNA damage, ataxia telangiectasia and rad3-related (ATR) kinase has become a potential therapeutic target as tumor cells are to rely heavily on ATR for survival. The tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) plays a crucial role in maintaining chromosome integrity. Although ATR inhibition was recently confirmed to show a synergistic inhibitory effect in PTEN-deficient triple-negative breast cancer cells, the molecular mechanism needs to be further elucidated. Additionally, whether the PTEN-deficient breast cancer cells are more preferentially sensitized than PTEN-wild type breast cancer cells to cisplatin plus ATR inhibitor remains unanswered. We demonstrate PTEN dysfunction promotes the killing effect of ATR blockade through the use of RNA interference for PTEN and a highly selective ATR inhibitor VE-821, and certify that VE-821 (1.0 μmol/L) aggravates cytotoxicity of cisplatin on breast cancer cells, especially PTEN-null MDA-MB-468 cells which show more chemoresistance than PTEN-expressing MDA-MB-231 cells. The co-treatment with VE-821 and cisplatin significantly reduced cell viability and proliferative capacity compared with cisplatin mono-treatment (P < 0.05). The increased cytotoxic activity is tied to the enhanced poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage and consequently cell death due to the decrease in phosphorylation levels of checkpoint kinases 1 and 2 (CHK1/2), the reduction of radiation sensitive 51 (RAD51) foci and the increase in phosphorylation of the histone variant H2AX (γ-H2AX) foci (P < 0.05) as well. Together, these findings suggest combination therapy of ATR inhibitor and cisplatin may offer a potential therapeutic strategy for breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Lei Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Mei Tang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hui-Li Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Chun-Lai Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xin-Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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4
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Glaviano A, Foo ASC, Lam HY, Yap KCH, Jacot W, Jones RH, Eng H, Nair MG, Makvandi P, Geoerger B, Kulke MH, Baird RD, Prabhu JS, Carbone D, Pecoraro C, Teh DBL, Sethi G, Cavalieri V, Lin KH, Javidi-Sharifi NR, Toska E, Davids MS, Brown JR, Diana P, Stebbing J, Fruman DA, Kumar AP. PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling transduction pathway and targeted therapies in cancer. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:138. [PMID: 37596643 PMCID: PMC10436543 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01827-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 196.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT/mTOR (PAM) signaling pathway is a highly conserved signal transduction network in eukaryotic cells that promotes cell survival, cell growth, and cell cycle progression. Growth factor signalling to transcription factors in the PAM axis is highly regulated by multiple cross-interactions with several other signaling pathways, and dysregulation of signal transduction can predispose to cancer development. The PAM axis is the most frequently activated signaling pathway in human cancer and is often implicated in resistance to anticancer therapies. Dysfunction of components of this pathway such as hyperactivity of PI3K, loss of function of PTEN, and gain-of-function of AKT, are notorious drivers of treatment resistance and disease progression in cancer. In this review we highlight the major dysregulations in the PAM signaling pathway in cancer, and discuss the results of PI3K, AKT and mTOR inhibitors as monotherapy and in co-administation with other antineoplastic agents in clinical trials as a strategy for overcoming treatment resistance. Finally, the major mechanisms of resistance to PAM signaling targeted therapies, including PAM signaling in immunology and immunotherapies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Glaviano
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Aaron S C Foo
- Department of Surgery, National University Hospital Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hiu Y Lam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Kenneth C H Yap
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - William Jacot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, Inserm U1194, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Robert H Jones
- Cardiff University and Velindre Cancer Centre, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Huiyan Eng
- Department of Surgery, National University Hospital Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Madhumathy G Nair
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, 560034, India
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, 324000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Birgit Geoerger
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Inserm U1015, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Matthew H Kulke
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard D Baird
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jyothi S Prabhu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, 560034, India
| | - Daniela Carbone
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Camilla Pecoraro
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniel B L Teh
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, and Neurobiology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Surgery, National University Hospital Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Vincenzo Cavalieri
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Kevin H Lin
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Eneda Toska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew S Davids
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer R Brown
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrizia Diana
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Justin Stebbing
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - David A Fruman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, 216 Sprague Hall, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alan P Kumar
- Department of Surgery, National University Hospital Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
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5
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Chiorino G, Petracci E, Sehovic E, Gregnanin I, Camussi E, Mello-Grand M, Ostano P, Riggi E, Vergini V, Russo A, Berrino E, Ortale A, Garena F, Venesio T, Gallo F, Favettini E, Frigerio A, Matullo G, Segnan N, Giordano L. Plasma microRNA ratios associated with breast cancer detection in a nested case-control study from a mammography screening cohort. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12040. [PMID: 37491482 PMCID: PMC10368693 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38886-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammographic breast cancer screening is effective in reducing breast cancer mortality. Nevertheless, several limitations are known. Therefore, developing an alternative or complementary non-invasive tool capable of increasing the accuracy of the screening process is highly desirable. The objective of this study was to identify circulating microRNA (miRs) ratios associated with BC in women attending mammography screening. A nested case-control study was conducted within the ANDROMEDA cohort (women of age 46-67 attending BC screening). Pre-diagnostic plasma samples, information on life-styles and common BC risk factors were collected. Small-RNA sequencing was carried out on plasma samples from 65 cases and 66 controls. miR ratios associated with BC were selected by two-sample Wilcoxon test and lasso logistic regression. Subsequent assessment by RT-qPCR of the miRs contained in the selected miR ratios was carried out as a platform validation. To identify the most promising biomarkers, penalised logistic regression was further applied to candidate miR ratios alone, or in combination with non-molecular factors. Small-RNA sequencing yielded 20 candidate miR ratios associated with BC, which were further assessed by RT-qPCR. In the resulting model, penalised logistic regression selected seven miR ratios (miR-199a-3p_let-7a-5p, miR-26b-5p_miR-142-5p, let-7b-5p_miR-19b-3p, miR-101-3p_miR-19b-3p, miR-93-5p_miR-19b-3p, let-7a-5p_miR-22-3p and miR-21-5p_miR-23a-3p), together with body mass index (BMI), menopausal status (MS), the interaction term BMI * MS, life-style score and breast density. The ROC AUC of the model was 0.79 with a sensitivity and specificity of 71.9% and 76.6%, respectively. We identified biomarkers potentially useful for BC screening measured through a widespread and low-cost technique. This is the first study reporting circulating miRs for BC detection in a screening setting. Validation in a wider sample is warranted.Trial registration: The Andromeda prospective cohort study protocol was retrospectively registered on 27-11-2015 (NCT02618538).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Chiorino
- Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Via Malta 3, 13900, Biella, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Petracci
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Emir Sehovic
- Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Via Malta 3, 13900, Biella, Italy.
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Gregnanin
- Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Via Malta 3, 13900, Biella, Italy
| | - Elisa Camussi
- SSD Epidemiologia Screening, CPO-AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Via Camillo Benso Di Cavour 31, 10123, Turin, Italy
| | - Maurizia Mello-Grand
- Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Via Malta 3, 13900, Biella, Italy
| | - Paola Ostano
- Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Via Malta 3, 13900, Biella, Italy
| | - Emilia Riggi
- SSD Epidemiologia Screening, CPO-AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Via Camillo Benso Di Cavour 31, 10123, Turin, Italy
| | - Viviana Vergini
- SSD Epidemiologia Screening, CPO-AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Via Camillo Benso Di Cavour 31, 10123, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessia Russo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Enrico Berrino
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Pathology Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Andrea Ortale
- SSD Epidemiologia Screening, CPO-AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Via Camillo Benso Di Cavour 31, 10123, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Garena
- SSD Epidemiologia Screening, CPO-AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Via Camillo Benso Di Cavour 31, 10123, Turin, Italy
| | - Tiziana Venesio
- Pathology Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Federica Gallo
- Epidemiology Unit, Staff Health Direction, Local Health Authority 1 of Cuneo, Cuneo, Italy
| | | | - Alfonso Frigerio
- SSD Epidemiologia Screening, CPO-AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Via Camillo Benso Di Cavour 31, 10123, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matullo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Nereo Segnan
- SSD Epidemiologia Screening, CPO-AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Via Camillo Benso Di Cavour 31, 10123, Turin, Italy.
| | - Livia Giordano
- SSD Epidemiologia Screening, CPO-AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Via Camillo Benso Di Cavour 31, 10123, Turin, Italy
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Blakely B, Shin S, Jin K. Overview of the therapeutic strategies for ER positive breast cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 212:115552. [PMID: 37068524 PMCID: PMC10394654 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen Receptor is the driving transcription factor in about 75% of all breast cancers, which is the target of endocrine therapies, but drug resistance is a common clinical problem. ESR1 point mutations at the ligand binding domain are frequently identified in metastatic tumor and ctDNA (Circulating tumor DNA) derived from ER positive breast cancer patients with endocrine therapies. Although endocrine therapy and CDK4/6 inhibitor therapy have demonstrated preclinical and clinical benefits for breast cancer, the development of resistance remains a significant challenge and the detailed mechanisms, and potential therapeutic targets in advanced breast cancer yet to be revealed. Since a crosstalk between tumor and tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role to grow tumor and metastasis, this effect could serve as key regulators in the resistance of endocrine therapy and the transition of breast cancer cells to metastasis. In this article, we have reviewed recent progress in endocrine therapy and the contribution of TME to ER positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Blakely
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Seobum Shin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Kideok Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Albany, NY, United States.
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7
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Marks BA, Pipia IM, Mukai C, Horibata S, Rice EJ, Danko CG, Coonrod SA. GDNF-RET signaling and EGR1 form a positive feedback loop that promotes tamoxifen resistance via cyclin D1. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:138. [PMID: 36765275 PMCID: PMC9912664 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10559-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rearranged during transfection (RET) tyrosine kinase signaling has been previously implicated in endocrine resistant breast cancer, however the mechanism by which this signaling cascade promotes resistance is currently not well described. We recently reported that glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)-RET signaling appears to promote a positive feedback loop with the transcription factor early growth response 1 (EGR1). Here we investigate the mechanism behind this feedback loop and test the hypothesis that GDNF-RET signaling forms a regulatory loop with EGR1 to upregulate cyclin D1 (CCND1) transcription, leading to cell cycle progression and tamoxifen resistance. METHODS To gain a better understanding of the GDNF-RET-EGR1 resistance mechanism, we studied the GDNF-EGR1 positive feedback loop and the role of GDNF and EGR1 in endocrine resistance by modulating their transcription levels using CRISPR-dCAS9 in tamoxifen sensitive (TamS) and tamoxifen resistant (TamR) MCF-7 cells. Additionally, we performed kinetic studies using recombinant GDNF (rGDNF) treatment of TamS cells. Finally, we performed cell proliferation assays using rGDNF, tamoxifen (TAM), and Palbociclib treatments in TamS cells. Statistical significance for qPCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-qPCR experiments were determined using a student's paired t-test and statistical significance for the cell viability assay was a one-way ANOVA. RESULTS GDNF-RET signaling formed a positive feedback loop with EGR1 and also downregulated estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) transcription. Upregulation of GDNF and EGR1 promoted tamoxifen resistance in TamS cells and downregulation of GDNF promoted tamoxifen sensitivity in TamR cells. Additionally, we show that rGDNF treatment activated GDNF-RET signaling in TamS cells, leading to recruitment of phospho-ELK-1 to the EGR1 promoter, upregulation of EGR1 mRNA and protein, binding of EGR1 to the GDNF and CCND1 promoters, increased GDNF protein expression, and subsequent upregulation of CCND1 mRNA levels. We also show that inhibition of cyclin D1 with Palbociclib, in the presence of rGDNF, decreases cell proliferation and resensitizes cells to TAM. CONCLUSION Outcomes from these studies support the hypotheses that GDNF-RET signaling forms a positive feedback loop with the transcription factor EGR1, and that GDNF-RET-EGR1 signaling promotes endocrine resistance via signaling to cyclin D1. Inhibition of components of this signaling pathway could lead to therapeutic insights into the treatment of endocrine resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke A. Marks
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XBaker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
| | - Ilissa M. Pipia
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XBaker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
| | - Chinatsu Mukai
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XBaker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
| | - Sachi Horibata
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XBaker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA ,grid.17088.360000 0001 2150 1785Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA ,grid.17088.360000 0001 2150 1785Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Edward J. Rice
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XBaker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
| | - Charles G. Danko
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XBaker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
| | - Scott A. Coonrod
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XBaker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
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8
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Duan L, Calhoun SJ, Perez RE, Macias V, Mir F, Gattuso P, Maki CG. Prolylcarboxypeptidase promotes IGF1R/HER3 signaling and is a potential target to improve endocrine therapy response in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2022; 23:1-10. [PMID: 36332175 PMCID: PMC9639567 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2022.2142008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolylcarboxypeptidase (PRCP) is a lysosomal serine protease that cleaves peptide substrates when the penultimate amino acid is proline. Previous studies have linked PRCP to blood-pressure and appetite control through its ability to cleave peptide substrates such as angiotensin II and α-MSH. A potential role for PRCP in cancer has to date not been widely appreciated. Endocrine therapy resistance in breast cancer is an enduring clinical problem mediated in part by aberrant receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling. We previously found PRCP overexpression promoted 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) resistance in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer cells. Currently, we tested the potential association between PRCP with breast cancer patient outcome and RTK signaling, and tumor responsiveness to endocrine therapy. We found high PRCP protein levels in ER+ breast tumors associates with worse outcome and earlier recurrence in breast cancer patients, including patients treated with TAM. We found a PRCP specific inhibitor (PRCPi) enhanced the response of ER+ PDX tumors and MCF7 tumors to endoxifen, an active metabolite of TAM in mice. We found PRCP increased IGF1R/HER3 signaling and AKT activation in ER+ breast cancer cells that was blocked by PRCPi. Thus, PRCP is an adverse prognostic marker in breast cancer and a potential target to improve endocrine therapy in ER+ breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Duan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA,CONTACT Lei Duan
| | - Sarah J. Calhoun
- Department of Anatomy and Cell biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Ricardo E. Perez
- Department of Anatomy and Cell biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Virgilia Macias
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Fatima Mir
- Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Paolo Gattuso
- Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Carl G. Maki
- Department of Anatomy and Cell biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA,Carl G. Maki Department of Anatomy and Cell biology, Rush University Medical Center, 1705 W Harrison St, Jelke Bldg R1306, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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9
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Gandullo-Sánchez L, Ocaña A, Pandiella A. HER3 in cancer: from the bench to the bedside. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:310. [PMID: 36271429 PMCID: PMC9585794 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02515-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The HER3 protein, that belongs to the ErbB/HER receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family, is expressed in several types of tumors. That fact, together with the role of HER3 in promoting cell proliferation, implicate that targeting HER3 may have therapeutic relevance. Furthermore, expression and activation of HER3 has been linked to resistance to drugs that target other HER receptors such as agents that act on EGFR or HER2. In addition, HER3 has been associated to resistance to some chemotherapeutic drugs. Because of those circumstances, efforts to develop and test agents targeting HER3 have been carried out. Two types of agents targeting HER3 have been developed. The most abundant are antibodies or engineered antibody derivatives that specifically recognize the extracellular region of HER3. In addition, the use of aptamers specifically interacting with HER3, vaccines or HER3-targeting siRNAs have also been developed. Here we discuss the state of the art of the preclinical and clinical development of drugs aimed at targeting HER3 with therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Gandullo-Sánchez
- grid.428472.f0000 0004 1794 2467Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC, IBSAL and CIBERONC, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Ocaña
- grid.411068.a0000 0001 0671 5785Hospital Clínico San Carlos and CIBERONC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Atanasio Pandiella
- grid.428472.f0000 0004 1794 2467Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC, IBSAL and CIBERONC, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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10
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Riegel K, Vijayarangakannan P, Kechagioglou P, Bogucka K, Rajalingam K. Recent advances in targeting protein kinases and pseudokinases in cancer biology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:942500. [PMID: 35938171 PMCID: PMC9354965 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.942500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinases still remain the most favorable members of the druggable genome, and there are an increasing number of kinase inhibitors approved by the FDA to treat a variety of cancers. Here, we summarize recent developments in targeting kinases and pseudokinases with some examples. Targeting the cell cycle machinery garnered significant clinical success, however, a large section of the kinome remains understudied. We also review recent developments in the understanding of pseudokinases and discuss approaches on how to effectively target in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Riegel
- Cell Biology Unit, University Medical Center Mainz, JGU-Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Petros Kechagioglou
- Cell Biology Unit, University Medical Center Mainz, JGU-Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Bogucka
- Cell Biology Unit, University Medical Center Mainz, JGU-Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Krishnaraj Rajalingam
- Cell Biology Unit, University Medical Center Mainz, JGU-Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- *Correspondence: Krishnaraj Rajalingam,
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11
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de Pinho IS, Abreu C, Gomes I, Casimiro S, Pacheco TR, de Sousa RT, Costa L. Exploring new pathways in endocrine-resistant breast cancer. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2022; 3:337-361. [PMID: 36045911 PMCID: PMC9400750 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2022.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common breast cancer (BC) subtypes are hormone-dependent, being either estrogen receptor-positive (ER+), progesterone receptor-positive (PR+), or both, and altogether comprise the luminal subtype. The mainstay of treatment for luminal BC is endocrine therapy (ET), which includes several agents that act either directly targeting ER action or suppressing estrogen production. Over the years, ET has proven efficacy in reducing mortality and improving clinical outcomes in metastatic and nonmetastatic BC. However, the development of ET resistance promotes cancer survival and progression and hinders the use of endocrine agents. Several mechanisms implicated in endocrine resistance have now been extensively studied. Based on the current clinical and pre-clinical data, the present article briefly reviews the well-established pathways of ET resistance and continues by focusing on the three most recently uncovered pathways, which may mediate resistance to ET, namely receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL)/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANK), nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), and Notch. It additionally overviews the evidence underlying the approval of combined therapies to overcome ET resistance in BC, while highlighting the relevance of future studies focusing on putative mediators of ET resistance to uncover new therapeutic options for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Soares de Pinho
- 1Oncology Division, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Abreu
- 1Oncology Division, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal 2Luis Costa Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Molecular-João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Inês Gomes
- 2Luis Costa Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Molecular-João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sandra Casimiro
- 2Luis Costa Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Molecular-João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Teresa Raquel Pacheco
- 1Oncology Division, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal 2Luis Costa Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Molecular-João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rita Teixeira de Sousa
- 1Oncology Division, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís Costa
- 1Oncology Division, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal 2Luis Costa Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Molecular-João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
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12
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The Role of mTOR and eIF Signaling in Benign Endometrial Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073416. [PMID: 35408777 PMCID: PMC8998789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenomyosis, endometriosis, endometritis, and typical endometrial hyperplasia are common non-cancerous diseases of the endometrium that afflict many women with life-impacting consequences. The mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway interacts with estrogen signaling and is known to be dysregulated in endometrial cancer. Based on this knowledge, we attempt to investigate the role of mTOR signaling in benign endometrial diseases while focusing on how the interplay between mTOR and eukaryotic translation initiation factors (eIFs) affects their development. In fact, mTOR overactivity is apparent in adenomyosis, endometriosis, and typical endometrial hyperplasia, where it promotes endometrial cell proliferation and invasiveness. Recent data show aberrant expression of various components of the mTOR pathway in both eutopic and ectopic endometrium of patients with adenomyosis or endometriosis and in hyperplastic endometrium as well. Moreover, studies on endometritis show that derangement of mTOR signaling is linked to the establishment of endometrial dysfunction caused by chronic inflammation. This review shows that inhibition of the mTOR pathway has a promising therapeutic effect in benign endometrial conditions, concluding that mTOR signaling dysregulation plays a critical part in their pathogenesis.
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13
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Coleman N, Moyers JT, Harbery A, Vivanco I, Yap TA. Clinical Development of AKT Inhibitors and Associated Predictive Biomarkers to Guide Patient Treatment in Cancer Medicine. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2021; 14:1517-1535. [PMID: 34858045 PMCID: PMC8630372 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s305068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase AKT is a critical effector of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling cascade and has a pivotal role in cell growth, proliferation, survival, and metabolism. AKT is one of the most commonly activated pathways in human cancer and dysregulation of AKT-dependent pathways is associated with the development and maintenance of a range of solid tumors. There are multiple small-molecule inhibitors targeting different components of the PI3K/AKT pathway currently at various stages of clinical development, in addition to new combination strategies aiming to boost the therapeutic efficacy of these drugs. Correlative and translational studies have been undertaken in the context of clinical trials investigating AKT inhibitors, however the identification of predictive biomarkers of response and resistance to AKT inhibition remains an unmet need. In this review, we discuss the biological function and activation of AKT, discuss its contribution to tumor development and progression, and review the efficacy and toxicity data from clinical trials, including both AKT inhibitor monotherapy and combination strategies with other agents. We also discuss the promise and challenges associated with the development of AKT inhibitors and associated predictive biomarkers of response and resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Coleman
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Justin T Moyers
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Alice Harbery
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Igor Vivanco
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Timothy A Yap
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Khalifa Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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14
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Inhibition of Cell Proliferation and Metastasis by Scutellarein Regulating PI3K/Akt/NF-κB Signaling through PTEN Activation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168841. [PMID: 34445559 PMCID: PMC8396260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Scutellarein (SCU) is a well-known flavone with a broad range of biological activities against several cancers. Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is major cancer type due to its poor prognosis even after treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs, which causes a variety of side effects in patients. Therefore, efforts have been made to develop effective biomarkers in the treatment of HCC in order to improve therapeutic outcomes using natural based agents. The current study used SCU as a treatment approach against HCC using the HepG2 cell line. Based on the cell viability assessment up to a 200 μM concentration of SCU, three low-toxic concentrations of (25, 50, and 100) μM were adopted for further investigation. SCU induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and inhibited cell migration and proliferation in HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, increased PTEN expression by SCU led to the subsequent downregulation of PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway related proteins. In addition, SCU regulated the metastasis with EMT and migration-related proteins in HepG2 cells. In summary, SCU inhibits cell proliferation and metastasis in HepG2 cells through PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling by upregulation of PTEN, suggesting that SCU might be used as a potential agent for HCC therapy.
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15
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Gandhi N, Oturkar CC, Das GM. Estrogen Receptor-Alpha and p53 Status as Regulators of AMPK and mTOR in Luminal Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143612. [PMID: 34298826 PMCID: PMC8306694 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Luminal breast cancer (LBC) driven by dysregulated estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα) signaling accounts for 70% of the breast cancer cases diagnosed. Although endocrine therapy (ET) is effective against LBC, about one-third of these patients fail to respond to therapy owing to acquired or inherent resistance mechanisms. Aberrant signaling via ERα, oncogenes, growth factor receptors, and mutations in tumor suppressors such as p53 impinge on downstream regulators such as AMPK and mTOR. While both AMPK and mTOR have been reported to play important roles in determining sensitivity of LBC to ET, how the ERα-p53 crosstalk impinges on regulation of AMPK and mTOR, thereby influencing therapeutic efficacy remains unknown. Here, we have addressed this important issue using isogenic breast cancer cell lines, siRNA-mediated RNA knockdown, and different modes of drug treatments. Interaction of p53 with ERα and AMPK was determined by in situ proximity ligation assay (PLA), and endogenous gene transcripts were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Further, the effect of concurrent and sequential administration of Fulvestrant-Everolimus combination on colony formation was determined. The studies showed that in cells expressing wild type p53, as well as in cells devoid of p53, ERα represses AMPK, whereas in cells harboring mutant p53, repression of AMPK is sustained even in the absence of ERα. AMPK is a major negative regulator of mTOR, and to our knowledge, this is the first study on the contribution of AMPK-dependent regulation of mTOR by ERα. Furthermore, the studies revealed that independent of the p53 mutation status, combination of Fulvestrant and Everolimus may be a viable first line therapeutic strategy for potentially delaying resistance of ERα+/HER2- LBC to ET.
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Advances in endocrine and targeted therapy for hormone-receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative advanced breast cancer. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 133:1099-1108. [PMID: 32265426 PMCID: PMC7213629 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly 70% of breast cancer (BC) is hormone-receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative, and endocrine therapy is the mainstay of treatment for this subtype. However, intrinsic or acquired endocrine resistance can occur during the endocrine treatment. Based on insights of endocrine resistance mechanisms, a number of targeted therapies have been and continue to be developed. With regard to HR-positive, HER2-negative advanced BC, aromatase inhibitor (AI) is superior to tamoxifen, and fulvestrant is a better option for patients previously exposed to endocrine therapy. Targeted drugs, such as cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors, phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, play a significant role in the present and show a promising future. With the application of CDK4/6 inhibitors becoming common, mechanisms of acquired resistance to them should also be taken into consideration.
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17
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Role of protein S-Glutathionylation in cancer progression and development of resistance to anti-cancer drugs. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 704:108890. [PMID: 33894196 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The survival, functioning and proliferation of mammalian cells are highly dependent on the cellular response and adaptation to changes in their redox environment. Cancer cells often live in an altered redox environment due to aberrant neo-vasculature, metabolic reprogramming and dysregulated proliferation. Thus, redox adaptations are critical for their survival. Glutathione plays an essential role in maintaining redox homeostasis inside the cells by binding to redox-sensitive cysteine residues in proteins by a process called S-glutathionylation. S-Glutathionylation not only protects the labile cysteine residues from oxidation, but also serves as a sensor of redox status, and acts as a signal for stimulation of downstream processes and adaptive responses to ensure redox equilibrium. The present review aims to provide an updated overview of the role of the unique redox adaptations during carcinogenesis and cancer progression, focusing on their dependence on S-glutathionylation of specific redox-sensitive proteins involved in a wide range of processes including signalling, transcription, structural maintenance, mitochondrial functions, apoptosis and protein recycling. We also provide insights into the role of S-glutathionylation in the development of resistance to chemotherapy. Finally, we provide a strong rationale for the development of redox targeting drugs for treatment of refractory/resistant cancers.
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18
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Cecil D, Park KH, Curtis B, Corulli L, Disis MN. Type I T cells sensitize treatment refractory tumors to chemotherapy through inhibition of oncogenic signaling pathways. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e002355. [PMID: 33762321 PMCID: PMC7993179 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most common clinical outcome observed after treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitor antibodies is disease stabilization. Using vaccines to generate high levels of tumor antigen-specific T-helper 1 (Th1), we show that tumors not eradicated by vaccination demonstrate prolonged disease stabilization. We evaluated the mechanism by which type I T cells inhibit disease progression and potentially influence the subsequent clinical response to standard therapy in treatment refractory cancers. METHODS We employed a meta-analysis of studies with tumor growth from four different vaccines in two different mammary cancer models. The T-cell subtype and cytokine essential for vaccine-induced tumor inhibition was determined by in vivo neutralization studies and immunohistochemistry. The role of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in receptor tyrosine kinase and downstream signaling was determined by immunoblotting. The role of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) on IFN-γ signaling was evaluated on SOCS1-silenced cells with immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation. The effect of vaccination on growth factor receptor signaling pathways, performed in both luminal (TgMMTVneu) and basal (C3(1)-Tag) mammary cancer models treated with paclitaxel or an anti-HER2-neu monoclonal antibody were assessed via immunoblotting. RESULTS Immunization with an epitope-based vaccine targeting a representative tumor antigen resulted in elevated tumor trafficking Tbet+CD4 T cells, decreased tumor proliferation and increased apoptosis compared with control vaccinated mice. The resulting disease stabilization was dependent on IFN-γ-secreting CD4+ T cells. In the presence of excess IFN-γ, SOCS1 became upregulated in tumor cells, bound insulin receptor, insulin like growth factor receptor 1 and epidermal growth factor receptor resulting in profound oncogenic signaling inhibition. Silencing SOCS1 restored growth factor receptor signaling and proliferation and prevented cell death. Similar signaling perturbations were detected in vaccinated mice developing antigen-specific Th1 cells. Vaccination synergized with standard therapies and restored disease sensitivity to treatment with both a neu-specific antibody and paclitaxel in TgMMTVneu and to paclitaxel in C3(1)-Tag. Combination of vaccination and chemotherapy or biological therapy was more effective than monotherapy alone in either model and resulted in complete resolution of disease in some individuals. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest the clinical activity of type I T cells extends beyond direct tumor killing and immune therapies designed to increase type I T cells and could be integrated into standard chemotherapy regimens to enhance therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Cecil
- UW Medicine Cancer Vaccine Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Benjamin Curtis
- UW Medicine Cancer Vaccine Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lauren Corulli
- UW Medicine Cancer Vaccine Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mary Nora Disis
- UW Medicine Cancer Vaccine Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Zhang Y, Shi X, Zhang J, Chen X, Zhang P, Liu A, Zhu T. A comprehensive analysis of somatic alterations in Chinese ovarian cancer patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:387. [PMID: 33432021 PMCID: PMC7801677 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79694-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most common cancers in women and is often diagnosed as advanced stage because of the subtle symptoms of early ovarian cancer. To identify the somatic alterations and new biomarkers for the diagnosis and targeted therapy of Chinese ovarian cancer patients, a total of 65 Chinese ovarian cancer patients were enrolled for detection of genomic alterations. The most commonly mutated genes in ovarian cancers were TP53 (86.15%, 56/65), NF1 (13.85%, 9/65), NOTCH3 (10.77%, 7/65), and TERT (10.77%, 7/65). Statistical analysis showed that TP53 and LRP1B mutations were associated with the age of patients, KRAS, TP53, and PTEN mutations were significantly associated with tumor differentiation, and MED12, LRP2, PIK3R2, CCNE1, and LRP1B mutations were significantly associated with high tumor mutational burden. The mutation frequencies of LRP2 and NTRK3 in metastatic ovarian cancers were higher than those in primary tumors, but the difference was not significant (P = 0.072, for both). Molecular characteristics of three patients responding to olapanib supported that BRCA mutation and HRD related mutations is the target of olaparib in platinum sensitive patients. In conclusion we identified the somatic alterations and suggested a group of potential biomarkers for Chinese ovarian cancer patients. Our study provided a basis for further exploration of diagnosis and molecular targeted therapy for Chinese ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Science, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gynecological Surgery, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gynecological Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, No 1, East Banshan Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoliang Shi
- OrigiMed Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 201114, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiejie Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Science, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gynecological Surgery, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gynecological Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, No 1, East Banshan Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Science, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gynecological Surgery, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gynecological Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, No 1, East Banshan Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhang
- OrigiMed Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 201114, People's Republic of China
| | - Angen Liu
- OrigiMed Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 201114, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Science, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Gynecological Surgery, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Gynecological Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, No 1, East Banshan Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Luque-Bolivar A, Pérez-Mora E, Villegas VE, Rondón-Lagos M. Resistance and Overcoming Resistance in Breast Cancer. BREAST CANCER (DOVE MEDICAL PRESS) 2020; 12:211-229. [PMID: 33204149 PMCID: PMC7666993 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s270799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of breast cancer (BC) have increased in recent years, and BC is the main cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide. One of the most significant clinical problems in the treatment of patients with BC is the development of therapeutic resistance. Therefore, elucidating the molecular mechanisms involved in drug resistance is critical. The therapeutic decision for the management of patients with BC is based not only on the assessment of prognostic factors but also on the evaluation of clinical and pathological parameters. Although this has been a successful approach, some patients relapse and/or eventually develop resistance to treatment. This review is focused on recent studies on the possible biological and molecular mechanisms involved in both response and resistance to treatment in BC. Additionally, emerging treatments that seek to overcome resistance and reduce side effects are also described. A greater understanding of the mechanisms of action of treatments used in BC might contribute not only to the enhancement of our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the development of resistance but also to the optimization of the existing treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Luque-Bolivar
- School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja150003, Colombia
| | - Erika Pérez-Mora
- School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja150003, Colombia
| | | | - Milena Rondón-Lagos
- School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja150003, Colombia
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Mao P, Cohen O, Kowalski KJ, Kusiel JG, Buendia-Buendia JE, Cuoco MS, Exman P, Wander SA, Waks AG, Nayar U, Chung J, Freeman S, Rozenblatt-Rosen O, Miller VA, Piccioni F, Root DE, Regev A, Winer EP, Lin NU, Wagle N. Acquired FGFR and FGF Alterations Confer Resistance to Estrogen Receptor (ER) Targeted Therapy in ER+ Metastatic Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:5974-5989. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-3958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Welt A, Wiesweg M, Theurer S, Abenhardt W, Groschek M, Müller L, Schröder J, Tewes M, Chiabudini M, Potthoff K, Bankfalvi A, Marschner N, Schuler M, Breitenbücher F. Buparlisib in combination with tamoxifen in pretreated patients with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer molecularly stratified for PIK3CA mutations and loss of PTEN expression. Cancer Med 2020; 9:4527-4539. [PMID: 32352244 PMCID: PMC7333856 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The PIKTAM study evaluated the efficacy and safety of the PI3K inhibitor buparlisib in combination with tamoxifen in hormone receptor-positive (HR+ ), HER2-negative advanced breast cancer patients after failure of prior endocrine therapy. In this open-label, single-arm phase II trial, 25 patients were enrolled in 11 sites in Germany. Patients were stratified according to PIK3CA mutation status (tissue and cfDNA from serum samples) and/or loss of PTEN expression. Patients received buparlisib (100 mg) and tamoxifen (20 mg) once daily on a continuous schedule (28-day cycle) until progression or unacceptable toxicity. Primary endpoint was overall 6-month progression-free survival (PFS) rate. Key secondary endpoints included the 6-month PFS rate in subpopulations, PFS, overall survival, overall response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and safety. Overall, the 6-month PFS rate was 33.3% (n/N = 7/21, one-sided 95% CI 16.8-100) and median PFS was 6.1 (CI 2.6-10.6) months. The ORR and DCR were 12.5% and 44%. The PIK3CA-mutated subgroup consistently showed the highest 6-month PFS rate (62.5%, n/N = 5/8), median PFS (8.7 months), ORR (40%), and DCR (80%). No new safety signals emerged. Most common adverse events were gastrointestinal disorders (56%), psychiatric/mood disorders (48%), skin rash/hypersensitivity (44%), cardiovascular (40%), and hepatic (32%) events. The trial was prematurely terminated due to the substantially altered risk-benefit profile of buparlisib. Nevertheless, PIK3CA mutations emerged as a clinically feasible and useful biomarker for combined PI3K inhibition and endocrine therapy in patients with HR+ breast cancer. Further biomarker-stratified studies with isoform-specific PI3K inhibitors are warranted. EudraCT No: 2014-000599-24.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Welt
- Westdeutsches Tumorzentrum, Innere Klinik (Tumorforschung) Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marcel Wiesweg
- Westdeutsches Tumorzentrum, Innere Klinik (Tumorforschung) Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sarah Theurer
- Westdeutsches Tumorzentrum, Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | | | - Lothar Müller
- Onkologie UnterEms Leer-Emden-Papenburg Annenstr. 11, Leer, Deutschland
| | - Jan Schröder
- Praxis für Hämatologie und Onkologie, Mülheim a.d.R, Deutschland
| | - Mitra Tewes
- Westdeutsches Tumorzentrum, Innere Klinik (Tumorforschung) Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | | | - Agnes Bankfalvi
- Westdeutsches Tumorzentrum, Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Martin Schuler
- Westdeutsches Tumorzentrum, Innere Klinik (Tumorforschung) Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Partnerstandort Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Deutschland
| | - Frank Breitenbücher
- Westdeutsches Tumorzentrum, Innere Klinik (Tumorforschung) Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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23
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Abstract
Pseudokinases are members of the protein kinase superfamily but signal primarily through noncatalytic mechanisms. Many pseudokinases contribute to the pathologies of human diseases, yet they remain largely unexplored as drug targets owing to challenges associated with modulation of their biological functions. Our understanding of the structure and physiological roles of pseudokinases has improved substantially over the past decade, revealing intriguing similarities between pseudokinases and their catalytically active counterparts. Pseudokinases often adopt conformations that are analogous to those seen in catalytically active kinases and, in some cases, can also bind metal cations and/or nucleotides. Several clinically approved kinase inhibitors have been shown to influence the noncatalytic functions of active kinases, providing hope that similar properties in pseudokinases could be pharmacologically regulated. In this Review, we discuss known roles of pseudokinases in disease, their unique structural features and the progress that has been made towards developing pseudokinase-directed therapeutics.
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24
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Biswal NC, Fu X, Jagtap JM, Shea MJ, Kumar V, Lords T, Roy R, Schiff R, Joshi A. In vivo longitudinal imaging of RNA interference-induced endocrine therapy resistance in breast cancer. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e201900180. [PMID: 31595691 PMCID: PMC9229172 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine therapy resistance in breast cancer is a major obstacle in the treatment of patients with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) tumors. Herein, we demonstrate the feasibility of longitudinal, noninvasive and semiquantitative in vivo molecular imaging of resistance to three endocrine therapies by using an inducible fluorescence-labeled short hairpin RNA (shRNA) system in orthotopic mice xenograft tumors. We employed a dual fluorescent doxycycline (Dox)-regulated lentiviral inducer system to transfect ER+ MCF7L breast cancer cells, with green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression as a marker of transfection and red fluorescent protein (RFP) expression as a surrogate marker of Dox-induced tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) knockdown. Xenografted MCF7L tumor-bearing nude mice were randomized to therapies comprising estrogen deprivation, tamoxifen or an ER degrader (fulvestrant) and an estrogen-treated control group. Longitudinal imaging was performed by a home-built multispectral imaging system based on a cooled image intensified charge coupled device camera. The GFP signal, which corresponds to number of viable tumor cells, exhibited excellent correlation to caliper-measured tumor size (P << .05). RFP expression was substantially higher in mice exhibiting therapy resistance and strongly and significantly (P < 1e-7) correlated with the tumor size progression for the mice with shRNA-induced PTEN knockdown. PTEN loss was strongly correlated with resistance to estrogen deprivation, tamoxifen and fulvestrant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nrusingh C. Biswal
- Division of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Correspondence Nrusingh C. Biswal, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, 850. W Baltimore St, MD 21201, USA,
| | - Xiaoyong Fu
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jaidip M. Jagtap
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Martin J. Shea
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Vijetha Kumar
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tamika Lords
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ronita Roy
- Division of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rachel Schiff
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Amit Joshi
- Division of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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25
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Kingston B, Bailleux C, Delaloge S, Schiavon G, Scott V, Lacroix-Triki M, Carr TH, Kozarewa I, Gevensleben H, Kemp Z, Pearson A, Turner N, André F. Exceptional Response to AKT Inhibition in Patients With Breast Cancer and Germline PTEN Mutations. JCO Precis Oncol 2019; 3:PO.19.00130. [PMID: 32923864 PMCID: PMC7446515 DOI: 10.1200/po.19.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gaia Schiavon
- AstraZeneca, IMED Oncology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zoe Kemp
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Pearson
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Turner
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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26
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Pellegrino M, Rizza P, Donà A, Nigro A, Ricci E, Fiorillo M, Perrotta I, Lanzino M, Giordano C, Bonofiglio D, Bruno R, Sotgia F, Lisanti MP, Sisci D, Morelli C. FoxO3a as a Positive Prognostic Marker and a Therapeutic Target in Tamoxifen-Resistant Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121858. [PMID: 31769419 PMCID: PMC6966564 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Resistance to endocrine treatments is a major clinical challenge in the management of estrogen receptor positive breast cancers. Although multiple mechanisms leading to endocrine resistance have been proposed, the poor outcome of this subgroup of patients demands additional studies. Methods: FoxO3a involvement in the acquisition and reversion of tamoxifen resistance was assessed in vitro in three parental ER+ breast cancer cells, MCF-7, T47D and ZR-75-1, in the deriving Tamoxifen resistant models (TamR) and in Tet-inducible TamR/FoxO3a stable cell lines, by growth curves, PLA, siRNA, RT-PCR, Western blot, Immunofluorescence, Transmission Electron Microscopy, TUNEL, cell cycle, proteomics analyses and animal models. FoxO3a clinical relevance was validated in silico by Kaplan–Meier survival curves. Results: Here, we show that tamoxifen resistant breast cancer cells (TamR) express low FoxO3a levels. The hyperactive growth factors signaling, characterizing these cells, leads to FoxO3a hyper-phosphorylation and subsequent proteasomal degradation. FoxO3a re-expression by using TamR tetracycline inducible cells or by treating TamR with the anticonvulsant lamotrigine (LTG), restored the sensitivity to the antiestrogen and strongly reduced tumor mass in TamR-derived mouse xenografts. Proteomics data unveiled novel potential mediators of FoxO3a anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activity, while the Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that FoxO3a is predictive of a positive response to tamoxifen therapy in Luminal A breast cancer patients. Conclusions: Altogether, our data indicate that FoxO3a is a key target to be exploited in endocrine-resistant tumors. In this context, LTG, being able to induce FoxO3a, might represent a valid candidate in combination therapy to prevent resistance to tamoxifen in patients at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Pellegrino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (M.P.); (P.R.); (A.N.); (E.R.); (M.L.); (C.G.); (D.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Pietro Rizza
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (M.P.); (P.R.); (A.N.); (E.R.); (M.L.); (C.G.); (D.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Ada Donà
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA;
| | - Alessandra Nigro
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (M.P.); (P.R.); (A.N.); (E.R.); (M.L.); (C.G.); (D.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Elena Ricci
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (M.P.); (P.R.); (A.N.); (E.R.); (M.L.); (C.G.); (D.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Marco Fiorillo
- Translational Medicine, School of Environment and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Salford, Greater Manchester M5 4WT, UK; (M.F.); (F.S.); (M.P.L.)
| | - Ida Perrotta
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis (CM2), Transmission Electron Microscopy Laboratory, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy;
| | - Marilena Lanzino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (M.P.); (P.R.); (A.N.); (E.R.); (M.L.); (C.G.); (D.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Cinzia Giordano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (M.P.); (P.R.); (A.N.); (E.R.); (M.L.); (C.G.); (D.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Daniela Bonofiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (M.P.); (P.R.); (A.N.); (E.R.); (M.L.); (C.G.); (D.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Rosalinda Bruno
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (M.P.); (P.R.); (A.N.); (E.R.); (M.L.); (C.G.); (D.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Federica Sotgia
- Translational Medicine, School of Environment and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Salford, Greater Manchester M5 4WT, UK; (M.F.); (F.S.); (M.P.L.)
| | - Michael P. Lisanti
- Translational Medicine, School of Environment and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Salford, Greater Manchester M5 4WT, UK; (M.F.); (F.S.); (M.P.L.)
| | - Diego Sisci
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (M.P.); (P.R.); (A.N.); (E.R.); (M.L.); (C.G.); (D.B.); (R.B.)
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Catia Morelli
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (M.P.); (P.R.); (A.N.); (E.R.); (M.L.); (C.G.); (D.B.); (R.B.)
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (C.M.)
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27
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Chi Y, Xue J, Huang S, Xiu B, Su Y, Wang W, Guo R, Wang L, Li L, Shao Z, Jin W, Wu Z, Wu J. CapG promotes resistance to paclitaxel in breast cancer through transactivation of PIK3R1/P50. Theranostics 2019; 9:6840-6855. [PMID: 31660072 PMCID: PMC6815964 DOI: 10.7150/thno.36338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chemotherapy resistance is a major problem in breast cancer treatment and a leading cause of mortality in breast cancer patients. Biomarkers for chemotherapy resistance is under investigation. Methods: Paclitaxel resistant cells were established and subjected to RNA sequencing. Analysis combined with two additional RNA-seq datasets was conducted. CapG expression in patients with adjuvant chemotherapy was studied in breast cancer resection specimens using IHC and related to pathological response and disease-free survival. Paclitaxel resistance was assessed by half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) and a mouse xenograft model. Results: Increased expression of actin-binding protein CapG strongly correlated with the resistance to paclitaxel chemotherapy and decreased probability to achieve pathological complete response in breast cancer patients. Overexpressing CapG significantly enhanced paclitaxel resistance in breast cancer cells and xenograft tumors. High CapG level also significantly correlated with shorter relapse-free survival as well as hyper-activation of PI3K/Akt signaling in breast cancer patients. Mechanistically, CapG enhanced PIK3R1 expression which led to increased PI3K/Akt activation. Unexpectedly, CapG was found to bind to the variant-specific promoter of PIK3R1/P50 and directly enhance its transcription. We also identified p300/CBP as a transcriptional coregulator of CapG, which is recruited to PIK3R1 promoter through interaction with CapG, thereby increasing PIK3R1/P50 transcription by enhancing histone H3K27 acetylation. Consistently, inhibiting p300/CBP substantially decreased CapG-dependent upregulation of PIK3R1/P50 and subsequent PI3K/Akt activation, resulting in increased sensitivity to paclitaxel treatment in breast cancer cells. Conclusion: High CapG levels may predict poor paclitaxel response in breast cancer patients. Targeting CapG-mediated hyperactivation of PI3K/Akt pathway may mitigate resistance to chemotherapy in breast cancer.
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28
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Wen W, Marcinkowski E, Luyimbazi D, Luu T, Xing Q, Yan J, Wang Y, Wu J, Guo Y, Tully D, Han ES, Yost SE, Yuan Y, Yim JH. Eribulin Synergistically Increases Anti-Tumor Activity of an mTOR Inhibitor by Inhibiting pAKT/pS6K/pS6 in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091010. [PMID: 31480338 PMCID: PMC6770784 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike other breast cancer subtypes, patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) have poor outcomes and no effective targeted therapies, leaving an unmet need for therapeutic targets. Efforts to profile these tumors have revealed the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway as a potential target. Activation of this pathway also contributes to resistance to anti-cancer agents, including microtubule-targeting agents. Eribulin is one such microtubule-targeting agent that is beneficial in treating taxane and anthracycline refractory breast cancer. In this study, we compared the effect of eribulin on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway with other microtubule-targeting agents in TNBC. We found that the phosphorylation of AKT was suppressed by eribulin, a microtubule depolymerizing agent, but activated by paclitaxel, a microtubule stabilizing agent. The combination of eribulin and everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, resulted in an increased reduction of p-S6K1 and p-S6, a synergistic inhibition of cell survival in vitro, and an enhanced suppression of tumor growth in two orthotopic mouse models. These findings provide a preclinical foundation for targeting both the microtubule cytoskeleton and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in the treatment of refractory TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wen
- Division of Surgery, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Emily Marcinkowski
- Division of Surgery, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - David Luyimbazi
- Division of Surgery, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Thehang Luu
- Department of Medical Oncology and Molecular Therapy, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Quanhua Xing
- Division of Surgery, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jin Yan
- Division of Surgery, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Yujun Wang
- Division of Surgery, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Dylan Tully
- Division of Surgery, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Ernest S Han
- Division of Surgery, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Susan E Yost
- Department of Medical Oncology and Molecular Therapy, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology and Molecular Therapy, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - John H Yim
- Division of Surgery, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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29
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Hosford SR, Shee K, Wells JD, Traphagen NA, Fields JL, Hampsch RA, Kettenbach AN, Demidenko E, Miller TW. Estrogen therapy induces an unfolded protein response to drive cell death in ER+ breast cancer. Mol Oncol 2019; 13:1778-1794. [PMID: 31180176 PMCID: PMC6670014 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogens have been shown to elicit anticancer effects against estrogen receptor α (ER)-positive breast cancer. We sought to determine the mechanism underlying the therapeutic response. Response to 17β-estradiol was assessed in ER+ breast cancer models with resistance to estrogen deprivation: WHIM16 patient-derived xenografts, C7-2-HI and C4-HI murine mammary adenocarcinomas, and long-term estrogen-deprived MCF-7 cells. As another means to reactivate ER, the anti-estrogen fulvestrant was withdrawn from fulvestrant-resistant MCF-7 cells. Transcriptional, growth, apoptosis, and molecular alterations in response to ER reactivation were measured. 17β-estradiol treatment and fulvestrant withdrawal induced transcriptional activation of ER, and cells adapted to estrogen deprivation or fulvestrant were hypersensitive to 17β-estradiol. ER transcriptional response was followed by an unfolded protein response and apoptosis. Such apoptosis was dependent upon the unfolded protein response, p53, and JNK signaling. Anticancer effects were most pronounced in models exhibiting genomic amplification of the gene encoding ER (ESR1), suggesting that engagement of ER at high levels is cytotoxic. These data indicate that long-term adaptation to estrogen deprivation or ER inhibition alters sensitivity to ER reactivation. In such adapted cells, 17β-estradiol treatment and anti-estrogen withdrawal hyperactivate ER, which drives an unfolded protein response and subsequent growth inhibition and apoptosis. 17β-estradiol treatment should be considered as a therapeutic option for anti-estrogen-resistant disease, particularly in patients with tumors harboring ESR1 amplification or ER overexpression. Furthermore, therapeutic strategies that enhance an unfolded protein response may increase the therapeutic effects of ER reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Hosford
- Department of Molecular & Systems Biology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Kevin Shee
- Department of Molecular & Systems Biology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Jason D Wells
- Department of Molecular & Systems Biology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Nicole A Traphagen
- Department of Molecular & Systems Biology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Jennifer L Fields
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Riley A Hampsch
- Department of Molecular & Systems Biology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Arminja N Kettenbach
- Department of Biochemistry, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Eugene Demidenko
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Todd W Miller
- Department of Molecular & Systems Biology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA.,Comprehensive Breast Program, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
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30
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Xing Y, Lin NU, Maurer MA, Chen H, Mahvash A, Sahin A, Akcakanat A, Li Y, Abramson V, Litton J, Chavez-MacGregor M, Valero V, Piha-Paul SA, Hong D, Do KA, Tarco E, Riall D, Eterovic AK, Wulf GM, Cantley LC, Mills GB, Doyle LA, Winer E, Hortobagyi GN, Gonzalez-Angulo AM, Meric-Bernstam F. Phase II trial of AKT inhibitor MK-2206 in patients with advanced breast cancer who have tumors with PIK3CA or AKT mutations, and/or PTEN loss/PTEN mutation. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21:78. [PMID: 31277699 PMCID: PMC6612080 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-019-1154-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The PI3K/AKT pathway is activated through PIK3CA or AKT1 mutations and PTEN loss in breast cancer. We conducted a phase II trial with an allosteric AKT inhibitor MK-2206 in patients with advanced breast cancer who had tumors with PIK3CA/AKT1 mutations and/or PTEN loss/mutation. METHODS The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR). Secondary endpoints were 6-month progression-free survival (6 m PFS), predictive and pharmacodynamic markers, safety, and tolerability. Patients had pre-treatment and on-treatment biopsies as well as collection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Next-generation sequencing, immunohistochemistry, and reverse phase protein arrays (RPPA) were performed. RESULTS Twenty-seven patients received MK-2206. Eighteen patients were enrolled into the PIK3CA/AKT1 mutation arm (cohort A): 13 had PIK3CA mutations, four had AKT1 mutations, and one had a PIK3CA mutation as well as PTEN loss. ORR and 6 m PFS were both 5.6% (1/18), with one patient with HR+ breast cancer and a PIK3CA E542K mutation experiencing a partial response (on treatment for 36 weeks). Nine patients were enrolled on the PTEN loss/mutation arm (cohort B). ORR was 0% and 6 m PFS was 11% (1/9), observed in a patient with triple-negative breast cancer and PTEN loss. The study was stopped early due to futility. The most common adverse events were fatigue (48%) and rash (44%). On pre-treatment biopsy, PIK3CA and AKT1 mutation status was concordant with archival tissue testing. However, two patients with PTEN loss based on archival testing had PTEN expression on the pre-treatment biopsy. MK-2206 treatment was associated with a significant decline in pAKT S473 and pAKT T308 and PI3K activation score in PBMC and PRPs, but not in tumor biopsies. By IHC, there was no significant decrease in median pAKT S473 or Ki-67 staining, but a drop was observed in both responders. CONCLUSIONS MK-2206 monotherapy had limited clinical activity in advanced breast cancer patients selected for PIK3CA/AKT1 or PTEN mutations or PTEN loss. This may, in part, be due to inadequate target inhibition at tolerable doses in heavily pre-treated patients with pathway activation, as well as tumor heterogeneity and evolution in markers such as PTEN conferring challenges in patient selection. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01277757 . Registered 13 January 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xing
- Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Nancy U Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Matthew A Maurer
- Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Present address: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Huiqin Chen
- Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Armeen Mahvash
- Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Aysegul Sahin
- Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Argun Akcakanat
- Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yisheng Li
- Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Litton
- Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mariana Chavez-MacGregor
- Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Health Services Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Vicente Valero
- Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sarina A Piha-Paul
- Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - David Hong
- Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kim-Anh Do
- Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Emily Tarco
- Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dianna Riall
- IND Office, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Agda Karina Eterovic
- Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Gerburg M Wulf
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Dana Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | | | - Gordon B Mills
- Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Eric Winer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Gabriel N Hortobagyi
- Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- The Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 455, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Lima ZS, Ghadamzadeh M, Arashloo FT, Amjad G, Ebadi MR, Younesi L. Recent advances of therapeutic targets based on the molecular signature in breast cancer: genetic mutations and implications for current treatment paradigms. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:38. [PMID: 30975222 PMCID: PMC6460547 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0725-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women all over the world. Genetic background of women contributes to her risk of having breast cancer. Certain inherited DNA mutations can dramatically increase the risk of developing certain cancers and are responsible for many of the cancers that run in some families. Regarding the widespread multigene panels, whole exome sequencing is capable of providing the evaluation of genetic function mutations for development novel strategy in clinical trials. Targeting the mutant proteins involved in breast cancer can be an effective therapeutic approach for developing novel drugs. This systematic review discusses gene mutations linked to breast cancer, focusing on signaling pathways that are being targeted with investigational therapeutic strategies, where clinical trials could be potentially initiated in the future are being highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Safarpour Lima
- Shahid Akbar Abadi Clinical Research Development Unit (ShCRDU), Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ghadamzadeh
- Departement of Radiology, Hasheminejad Kidney Centre (HKC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ghazaleh Amjad
- Shahid Akbar Abadi Clinical Research Development Unit (ShCRDU), Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ebadi
- Shohadaye Haft-e-tir Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ladan Younesi
- Shahid Akbar Abadi Clinical Research Development Unit (ShCRDU), Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
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Chen Y, Wang L, Liu H, Song F, Xu C, Zhang K, Chen Q, Wu S, Zhu Y, Dong Y, Zhou M, Zhang H, Tian M. PET Imaging on Dynamic Metabolic Changes after Combination Therapy of Paclitaxel and the Traditional Chinese Medicine in Breast Cancer-Bearing Mice. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 20:309-317. [PMID: 28795272 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-017-1108-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to non-invasively evaluate the anticancer activity of a traditional Chinese medicine-Huaier, combined with paclitaxel (PTX) in breast cancer bearing mice by detecting dynamic metabolic changes with positron emission tomography (PET). PROCEDURES Balb/c nude mice were randomly divided into one of the four groups: Huaier, PTX, PTX + Huaier, or the control. PET imaging with 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) was performed to monitor the metabolic changes in BT474 (luminal B) and MDA-MB-231 (triple-negative) breast cancer xenografts. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) study was performed immediately after the final PET scan to assess the expressions of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), phospho-AKT (p-AKT), caspase-3, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). RESULTS Compared to the control group, [18F]FDG accumulation demonstrated a significant decrease in PTX + Huaier (p < 0.01) or Huaier group (p < 0.05), which was consistent to the decreased expression of PI3K (p < 0.05) and p-AKT (p < 0.05) in the breast cancer xenografts. CONCLUSION The therapeutic effect of Huaier combined with PTX was superior than the PTX alone in BT474 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer-bearing mice. [18F]FDG PET imaging could be a potential non-invasive approach to assess the metabolic changes after chemotherapy combined with traditional Chinese medicine in the breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Zhejiang University Medical PET Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Zhejiang University Medical PET Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Zhejiang University Medical PET Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fahuan Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Zhejiang University Medical PET Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caiyun Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Zhejiang University Medical PET Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Zhejiang University Medical PET Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Zhejiang University Medical PET Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Zhejiang University Medical PET Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunqi Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Zhejiang University Medical PET Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Dong
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Zhejiang University Medical PET Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Zhejiang University Medical PET Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mei Tian
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China. .,Zhejiang University Medical PET Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. .,Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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Li R, Tang T, Hui T, Song Z, Li F, Li J, Xu J. Impact of next-generation sequencing (NGS) for primary endocrine resistance in breast cancer patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:5450-5458. [PMID: 31949629 PMCID: PMC6963051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Multiple mechanisms have been detected to account for the acquired resistance to endocrine therapies in breast cancer. In this study we retrospectively studied the mechanism of primary endocrine resistance in estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer patients by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Tumor specimens and matched blood samples were obtained from 24 ER+ breast cancer patients. Fifteen of them displayed endocrine resistance, including recurrence and/or metastases within 24 months from the beginning of endocrine therapy, and 9 patients remained sensitive to endocrine therapy for more than 5 years. Genomic DNA of tumor tissue was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor tissue blocks. Genomic DNA of normal tissue was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Sequencing libraries for each sample were prepared, followed by target capturing for 372 genes that are frequently rearranged in cancers. Massive parallel sequencing was then performed using Illumina NextSeq 500, and samples with a mean sequencing depth of 500× were analyzed. The analysis revealed that 8 (55%) of 15 patients showed phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase CA (PIK3CA) mutations, including 3 pathogenic variants in kinase domain, 3 pathogenic variants in helical domain, and 2 variants of unknown significance, in the endocrine-resistant group, while 3 (33%) of 9 patients displayed PIK3CA mutations, including 2 pathogenic variants in kinase domain and 1 pathogenic variant in helical domain, in the endocrine-sensitive group. In the endocrine-sensitive group, copy number gain of C11orf30 (EMSY) gene, copy number loss of CDH1 (E-cadherin) gene, and a missense mutation of splicing factor 3b (SF3B1) gene were also detected, which would probably decrease the expression of ESR1 and contribute to endocrine sensitivity. Collectively, the PIK3CA mutation rate in the resistance group is relatively higher than that in the sensitive group and thus PIK3CA mutations may contribute the primary endocrine resistance of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyang Li
- Breast Center, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang, China
| | - Tiantian Tang
- Breast Center, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang, China
| | - Tianli Hui
- Breast Center, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhenchuan Song
- Breast Center, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang, China
| | - Fugen Li
- Institute of Precision Medicine, 3D Medicines Inc.Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyu Li
- Institute of Precision Medicine, 3D Medicines Inc.Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajia Xu
- Institute of Precision Medicine, 3D Medicines Inc.Shanghai, China
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Schöffski P, Cresta S, Mayer IA, Wildiers H, Damian S, Gendreau S, Rooney I, Morrissey KM, Spoerke JM, Ng VW, Singel SM, Winer E. A phase Ib study of pictilisib (GDC-0941) in combination with paclitaxel, with and without bevacizumab or trastuzumab, and with letrozole in advanced breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2018; 20:109. [PMID: 30185228 PMCID: PMC6125885 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-018-1015-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This phase Ib study (NCT00960960) evaluated pictilisib (GDC-0941; pan-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor) plus paclitaxel, with and without bevacizumab or trastuzumab, or in combination with letrozole, in patients with locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer. METHODS This was a three-part multischedule study. Patients in parts 1 and 2, which comprised 3 + 3 dose escalation and cohort expansion stages, received pictilisib (60-330 mg) plus paclitaxel (90 mg/m2) with and without bevacizumab (10 mg/kg) or trastuzumab (2-4 mg/kg). In part 3, patients received pictilisib (260 mg) plus letrozole (2.5 mg). Primary objectives were evaluation of safety and tolerability, identification of dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) and the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of pictilisib, and recommendation of a phase II dosing regimen. Secondary endpoints included pharmacokinetics and preliminary antitumor activity. RESULTS Sixty-nine patients were enrolled; all experienced at least one adverse event (AE). Grade ≥ 3 AEs, serious AEs, and AEs leading to death were reported in 50 (72.5%), 21 (30.4%), and 2 (2.9%) patients, respectively. Six (8.7%) patients reported a DLT, and the MTD and recommended phase II pictilisib doses were established where possible. There was no pictilisib-paclitaxel drug-drug interaction. Two (3.4%) patients experienced complete responses, and 17 (29.3%) patients had partial responses. CONCLUSIONS Combining pictilisib with paclitaxel, with and without bevacizumab or trastuzumab, or letrozole, had a manageable safety profile in patients with locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer. The combination had antitumor activity, and the additive effect of pictilisib supported further investigation in a randomized study. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00960960 . Registered on August 13, 2009.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Schöffski
- Department of General Medical Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sara Cresta
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Ingrid A. Mayer
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Hans Wildiers
- Department of General Medical Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Silvia Damian
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Steven Gendreau
- Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Isabelle Rooney
- Product Development Oncology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA USA
| | | | - Jill M. Spoerke
- Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Vivian W. Ng
- Biostatistics, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Stina M. Singel
- Product Development Oncology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Eric Winer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA
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Liu Y, Yang EJ, Zhang B, Miao Z, Wu C, Lyu J, Tan K, Poon TCW, Shim JS. PTEN deficiency confers colorectal cancer cell resistance to dual inhibitors of FLT3 and aurora kinase A. Cancer Lett 2018; 436:28-37. [PMID: 30118842 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PTEN is a tumor suppressor found mutated in many cancers. From a synthetic lethality drug screen with PTEN-isogenic colorectal cancer cells, we found that mutant-PTEN cells were resistant to dual inhibitors of FLT3 and aurora kinase-A, including KW2449 and ENMD-2076. KW2449 significantly reduced the viability of wildtype-PTEN cells causing apoptosis, while little effect was observed in mutant-PTEN counterparts. Transcriptome profiling showed that members of PI3K-AKT signaling pathway were strongly changed in cells after KW2449 treatment, indicating a potential role of the pathway in drug resistance. We found that KW2449 caused a dose-dependent, biphasic induction of AKT phosphorylation at Ser473 in mutant-PTEN cells. Co-treatment with the inhibitors of its upstream signaling completely abolished the reactivation of AKT phosphorylation by KW2449 and reversed the drug resistant phenotype. These data suggest that reactivation of AKT phosphorylation at Ser473 is a key factor to confer drug resistant phenotype of mutant-PTEN cells to the dual inhibitors and that proper drug combinations that shut down AKT reactivation is necessary for the effective treatment of mutant-PTEN cancer with the dual inhibitors in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Liu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, 999078, Macau SAR, China
| | - Eun Ju Yang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, 999078, Macau SAR, China
| | - Baoyuan Zhang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, 999078, Macau SAR, China
| | - Zhengqiang Miao
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, 999078, Macau SAR, China
| | - Changjie Wu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, 999078, Macau SAR, China
| | - Junfang Lyu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, 999078, Macau SAR, China
| | - Kaeling Tan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, 999078, Macau SAR, China
| | - Terence Chuen Wai Poon
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, 999078, Macau SAR, China
| | - Joong Sup Shim
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, 999078, Macau SAR, China.
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Osada T, Hartman ZC, Wei J, Lei G, Hobeika AC, Gwin WR, Diniz MA, Spector N, Clay TM, Chen W, Morse MA, Lyerly HK. Polyfunctional anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (anti-HER3) antibodies induced by HER3 vaccines have multiple mechanisms of antitumor activity against therapy resistant and triple negative breast cancers. Breast Cancer Res 2018; 20:90. [PMID: 30092835 PMCID: PMC6085609 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-018-1023-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Upregulation of human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) is a major mechanism of acquired resistance to therapies targeting its heterodimerization partners epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), but also exposes HER3 as a target for immune attack. We generated an adenovirus encoding full length human HER3 (Ad-HER3) to serve as a cancer vaccine. Previously we reported the anti-tumor efficacy and function of the T cell response to this vaccine. We now provide a detailed assessment of the antitumor efficacy and functional mechanisms of the HER3 vaccine-induced antibodies (HER3-VIAs) in serum from mice immunized with Ad-HER3. METHODS Serum containing HER3-VIA was tested in complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) assays and for its effect on HER3 internalization and degradation, downstream signaling of HER3 heterodimers and growth of metastatic HER2+ (BT474M1), HER2 therapy-resistant (rBT474), and triple negative (MDA-MB-468) breast cancers. RESULTS HER3-VIAs mediated CDC and ADCC, HER3 internalization, interruption of HER3 heterodimer-driven tumor signaling pathways, and anti-proliferative effects against HER2+ tumor cells in vitro and significant antitumor effects against metastatic HER2+ BT474M1, treatment refractory HER2+ rBT474 and triple negative MDA-MB-468 in vivo. CONCLUSIONS In addition to the T cell anti-tumor response induced by Ad-HER3, the HER3-VIAs provide additional functions to eliminate tumors in which HER3 signaling mediates aggressive behavior or acquired resistance to HER2-targeted therapy. These data support clinical studies of vaccination against HER3 prior to or concomitantly with other therapies to prevent outgrowth of therapy-resistant HER2+ and triple negative clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Osada
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, MSRB Research Drive, Box 2714, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Zachary C Hartman
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, MSRB Research Drive, Box 2714, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Junping Wei
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, MSRB Research Drive, Box 2714, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Gangjun Lei
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, MSRB Research Drive, Box 2714, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Amy C Hobeika
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, MSRB Research Drive, Box 2714, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - William R Gwin
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marcio A Diniz
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Neil Spector
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Timothy M Clay
- Cell and Gene Therapy Discovery Research, PTS, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael A Morse
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - H Kim Lyerly
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, MSRB Research Drive, Box 2714, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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Qin H, Liu L, Sun S, Zhang D, Sheng J, Li B, Yang W. The impact of PI3K inhibitors on breast cancer cell and its tumor microenvironment. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5092. [PMID: 29942710 PMCID: PMC6014315 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway shows frequent aberrant alterations and pathological activation in breast cancer cells. While PI3K inhibitors have not achieved expectant therapeutic efficacy in clinical trials, and several studies provide promising combination strategies to substantially maximize therapeutic outcomes. Besides its direct impact on regulating cancer cells survival, PI3K inhibitors are also demonstrated to have an immunomodulatory impact based on the tumor microenvironment. Inhibition of the leukocyte-enriched PI3K isoforms may break immune tolerance and restore cytotoxic T cell activity by reprogramming the tumor microenvironment. In addition, PI3K inhibitors have pleiotropic effects on tumor angiogenesis and even induce tumor vascular normalization. In this review, we discuss the mechanism of PI3K inhibitor suppression of breast cancer cells and modulation of the tumor microenvironment in order to provide further thoughts for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjiao Qin
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shu Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University Of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiyao Sheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Bingjin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Jacob W, James I, Hasmann M, Weisser M. Clinical development of HER3-targeting monoclonal antibodies: Perils and progress. Cancer Treat Rev 2018; 68:111-123. [PMID: 29944978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family consists of four transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases: epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), HER2, HER3, and HER4. They are part of a complex signalling network and stimulate intracellular pathways regulating cell growth and differentiation. So far, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting EGFR and HER2 have been developed and approved. Recently, focus has turned to HER3 as it may play an important role in resistance to EGFR- and HER2-targeting therapies. HER3-targeting agents have been undergoing clinical evaluation for the last 10 years and currently thirteen mAbs are in phase 1 or 2 clinical studies. Single agent activity has proven to be limited, however, the tolerability was favourable. Thus, combinations of HER3-binding mAbs with other HER-targeting therapies or chemotherapies have been pursued in various solid tumor entities. Data indicate that the HER3-binding ligand heregulin may serve as a response prediction marker for HER3-targeting therapy. Within this review the current status of clinical development of HER3-targeting compounds is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Jacob
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany.
| | - Ian James
- A4P Consulting Ltd, Discovery Park, Sandwich, UK
| | - Max Hasmann
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Martin Weisser
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
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ATM inhibition induces synthetic lethality and enhances sensitivity of PTEN-deficient breast cancer cells to cisplatin. Exp Cell Res 2018. [PMID: 29522753 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PTEN deficiency often causes defects in DNA damage repair. Currently, effective therapies for breast cancer are lacking. ATM is an attractive target for cancer treatment. Previous studies suggested a synthetic lethality between PTEN and PARP. However, the synthetically lethal interaction between PTEN and ATM in breast cancer has not been reported. Moreover, the mechanism remains elusive. Here, using KU-60019, an ATM kinase inhibitor, we investigated ATM inhibition as a synthetically lethal strategy to target breast cancer cells with PTEN defects. We found that KU-60019 preferentially sensitizes PTEN-deficient MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells to cisplatin, though it also slightly enhances sensitivity of PTEN wild-type breast cancer cells. The increased cytotoxic sensitivity is associated with apoptosis, as evidenced by flow cytometry and PARP cleavage. Additionally, the increase of DNA damage accumulation due to the decreased capability of DNA repair, as indicated by γ-H2AX and Rad51 foci, also contributed to this selective cytotoxicity. Mechanistically, compared with PTEN wild-type MDA-MB-231 cells, PTEN-deficient MDA-MB-468 cells have lower level of Rad51, higher ATM kinase activity, and display the elevated level of DNA damage. Moreover, these differences could be further enlarged by cisplatin. Our findings suggest that ATM is a promising target for PTEN-defective breast cancer.
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40
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Metcalfe C, Friedman LS, Hager JH. Hormone-Targeted Therapy and Resistance. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY-SERIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030617-050512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
It has been 40 years since the US Food and Drug Administration approved the estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist tamoxifen for the treatment of ER-positive breast cancer, ushering in the era of targeted therapy coupled with a companion diagnostic. The prostate cancer field quickly followed suit with the approval of the androgen receptor (AR) antagonist bicalutamide. In the years since, there has been sustained scientific interest in understanding these hormone-dependent signaling pathways and in drug discovery efforts to identify novel hormone-directed therapeutic agents. Recently, there have been breakthrough discoveries relating to mechanisms that enable reactivation of ER and AR signaling in the presence of antihormonal agents and that enable loss of hormone dependency, providing multiple routes of acquired resistance to hormone therapy. This review discusses parallels between breast and prostate cancer, including their pathobiologies, existing therapeutic modalities, acquired resistance to such therapeutics, and novel therapies being developed to target distinct states of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara Metcalfe
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Lori S. Friedman
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Jeffrey H. Hager
- Department of Biology, IDEAYA Biosciences, San Diego, California 92121, USA
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41
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Clinical outcomes based on multigene profiling in metastatic breast cancer patients. Oncotarget 2018; 7:76362-76373. [PMID: 27806348 PMCID: PMC5363515 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying the clinical impact of recurrent mutations can help define their role in cancer. Here, we identify frequent hotspot mutations in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients and associate them with clinical outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS Hotspot mutation testing was conducted in 500 MBC patients using an 11 gene (N = 126) and/or 46 or 50 gene (N = 391) panel. Patients were stratified by hormone receptor (HR) and human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) status. Clinical outcomes were retrospectively collected. RESULTS Hotspot mutations were most frequently detected in TP53 (30%), PIK3CA (27%) and AKT1 (4%). Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients had the highest incidence of TP53 (58%) and the lowest incidence of PIK3CA (9%) mutations. TP53 mutation was associated with shorter relapse-free survival (RFS) (median 22 vs 42months; P < 0.001) and overall survival (OS) from diagnosis of distant metastatic disease (median 26 vs 51months; P < 0.001). Conversely, PIK3CA mutation was associated with a trend towards better clinical outcomes including RFS (median 41 vs 30months; P = 0.074) and OS (52 vs 40months; P = 0.066). In HR-positive patients, TP53 mutation was again associated with shorter RFS (median 30 vs 46months; P = 0.017) and OS (median 30 vs 55months; P = 0.001). When multivariable analysis was performed for RFS and OS, TP53 but not PIK3CA mutation remained a significant predictor of outcomes in the overall cohort and in HR-positive patients. CONCLUSIONS Clinical hotspot sequencing identifies potentially actionable mutations. In this cohort, TP53 mutation was associated with worse clinical outcomes, while PIK3CA mutation did not remain a significant predictor of outcomes after multivariable analysis.
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Yang W, Schwartz GN, Marotti JD, Chen V, Traphagen NA, Gui J, Miller TW. Estrogen receptor alpha drives mTORC1 inhibitor-induced feedback activation of PI3K/AKT in ER+ breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:8810-8822. [PMID: 29507656 PMCID: PMC5823630 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The mTORC1 inhibitor RAD001 (everolimus) is approved for treatment of recurrent/metastatic estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer in combination with the aromatase inhibitor (AI) exemestane. The benefits of A) continued anti-estrogen therapy for anti-estrogen-resistant disease in the context of mTORC1 inhibition, and B) adjuvant everolimus in combination with anti-estrogen therapy for early-stage disease are being tested clinically, but molecular rationale remains unclear. We hypothesized that mTORC1 inhibition activates the IGF-1R/InsR/IRS-1/2 axis in an ER-dependent manner to drive PI3K/AKT and promote cancer cell survival, implicating ER in survival signaling induced by mTORC1 inhibition. Anti-estrogen treatment synergized with RAD001 to inhibit ER+ breast cancer cell growth. Inhibition of ER, IGF-1R/InsR, or IRS-1/2 suppressed AKT activation induced by mTORC1 inhibition. RAD001 primed IGF-1R/InsR for activation, which was enhanced by ER signaling. Post-menopausal patients with early-stage ER+ breast cancer were treated presurgically +/- the AI letrozole. Viable tumor fragments from surgical specimens were treated with RAD001 and/or OSI-906 ex vivo; RAD001 increased AKT activation, which was abrogated by presurgical letrozole. Letrozole decreased IGF-1R and IRS-1/2 tumor levels. These data suggest that ER drives PI3K/AKT activation in response to mTORC1 inhibition, providing molecular rationale for therapeutic combinations of anti-estrogens and mTORC1 inhibitors in endocrine-sensitive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Gary N Schwartz
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA.,Department of Comprehensive Breast Program, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Jonathan D Marotti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA.,Department of Comprehensive Breast Program, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Vivian Chen
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Nicole A Traphagen
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Jiang Gui
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Todd W Miller
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA.,Department of Comprehensive Breast Program, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
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43
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Cortés J, Im SA, Holgado E, Perez-Garcia JM, Schmid P, Chavez-MacGregor M. The next era of treatment for hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer: Triplet combination-based endocrine therapies. Cancer Treat Rev 2017; 61:53-60. [PMID: 29100169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Until recently, the standard of care for hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer was single-agent endocrine therapy, which aims to prevent estrogen receptor signaling. This therapeutic strategy has extended survival without the toxicity associated with chemotherapy, but primary endocrine therapy resistance is common, and secondary resistance develops over time. Adjunct downstream inhibition of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)4/6 pathway, intended to delay and prevent endocrine therapy resistance, has further extended progression-free survival in patients receiving endocrine therapy; however, resistance still eventually develops in these patients. Addition of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) or mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors to combined CDK4/6 and endocrine inhibitor regimens may help prolong CDK4/6 inhibitor sensitivity. Early trials combining CDK4/6 inhibitors, PI3K or mTOR inhibitors, and endocrine therapy have shown encouraging signs of clinical activity. However, further research is needed to help understand the extent of treatment benefit from triplet therapy and where this strategy will fit in the treatment sequence for patients with HR+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Cortés
- Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Carretera de Colmenar Viejo, 9.100, 28034 Madrid, Spain; Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Psg. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Seock-Ah Im
- Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Esther Holgado
- Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Carretera de Colmenar Viejo, 9.100, 28034 Madrid, Spain; Baselga Institute of Oncology, Ruber & San Camilo Hospitals, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M Perez-Garcia
- Baselga Institute of Oncology, Hospital Quiron, Plaza Alfonso Comín, 5, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter Schmid
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Old Anatomy Building, Ashfield Street, London, UK
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44
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Maurer C, Martel S, Zardavas D, Ignatiadis M. New agents for endocrine resistance in breast cancer. Breast 2017; 34:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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45
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Hammoda GE, El-Hefnawy SM, Abdou AG, Abdallah RA. Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-3 mRNA Expression as a Prognostic Marker for Invasive Duct Carcinoma not Otherwise Specified. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:XC01-XC05. [PMID: 28384967 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/23812.9442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and the Erythroblastosis Oncogene B(ErbB) receptor family holds crucial role in its pathogenesis. Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 3 (HER-3) gene over expression in breast tissue has been associated with aggressive clinical behaviour and bad prognosis. AIM To evaluate HER-3 mRNA expression level as a prognostic marker for breast cancer and to correlate its level with other established prognostic parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was carried out on specimens of 100 cases that were divided into 40 patients presented with fibroadenoma and 60 patients presented with Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) not otherwise specified and underwent modified radical mastectomy. All specimens were investigated for HER-2/neu, ER and PR expression by Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitative assay of HER-3 mRNA expression using real time PCR technique. RESULTS There was a significant high HER3 mRNA level in carcinoma cases compared to fibroadenoma. In malignant cases, HER3 mRNA level was significantly associated with advanced T stage, advanced N stage, number of positive lymph nodes, large tumour size and cases associated with an adjacent in situ component. Moreover, HER-3 mRNA level was of highest values in Her-2/neu positive group followed by triple negative cases with the lowest level in luminal group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION HER-3 gene is upregulated in IDC especially those carrying poor prognostic features. HER-3 mRNA level may identify a subset of patients with a poor prognosis, and who could undergo further evaluation for the efficacy of HER3 targeted anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Ezat Hammoda
- Assistant Professor, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Menoufia University , Shebein Elkom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | | | - Asmaa Gaber Abdou
- Professor, Department of Pathology, Menoufia University , Shebein Elkom, Menoufia, Egypt
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46
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Huang D, Yang F, Wang Y, Guan X. Mechanisms of resistance to selective estrogen receptor down-regulator in metastatic breast cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1868:148-156. [PMID: 28344099 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Based on the prominent role estrogen receptor (ER) plays in breast cancer, endocrine therapy has been developed to block the ER pathway and has shown great effectiveness. Fulvestrant, the first selective ER down-regulator (SERD), was demonstrated to completely suppress ERα and notably efficient. However, resistance to fulvestrant occurs, either intrinsic or acquired during the treatment. Several potential mechanisms inducing fulvestrant resistance have been proposed, composed of activated ERα-independent compensatory growth factor signaling, stimulated downstream kinases, altered cell cycle mediators, etcetera. Experimentally, combinations of fulvestrant with targeted treatments were reported to eliminate the resistance and improve the effect of fulvestrant. Meanwhile, some clinical trials associated with the targeted combination therapies are in progress. This review focuses on the underlying mechanisms that contribute to fulvestrant resistance in ER-positive breast cancer and provides an overview of combined fulvestrant with targeted agents to shed light on optimal therapies for patients with ER-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doudou Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, PR China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, PR China
| | - Yucai Wang
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Xiaoxiang Guan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, PR China.
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47
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Pan Y, Shi J, Ni W, Liu Y, Wang S, Wang X, Wei Z, Wang A, Chen W, Lu Y. Cryptotanshinone inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin pathway is dependent on oestrogen receptor alpha in breast cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:2129-2139. [PMID: 28272775 PMCID: PMC5571522 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptotanshinone (CPT) has been demonstrated to inhibit proliferation and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. However, the same results are unable to be repeated in MDA-MB-231 cells. Given the main difference of oestrogen receptor α (ERα) between two types of breast cancer cells, It is possibly suggested that CPT inhibits mTOR pathway dependent on ERα in breast cancer. CPT could significantly inhibit cell proliferation of ERα-positive cancer cells, whereas ERα-negative cancer cells are insensitive to CPT. The molecular docking results indicated that CPT has a high affinity with ERα, and the oestrogen receptor element luciferase reporter verified CPT distinct anti-oestrogen effect. Furthermore, CPT inhibits mTOR signalling in MCF-7 cells, but not in MDA-MB-231 cells, which is independent on binding to the FKBP12 and disrupting the mTOR complex. Meanwhile, increased expression of phosphorylation AKT and insulin receptor substrate (IRS1) induced by insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) was antagonized by CPT, but other molecules of IGF-1/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway such as phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K) were negatively affected. Finally, the MCF-7 cells transfected with shERα for silencing ERα show resistant to CPT, and p-AKT, phosphorylation of p70 S6 kinase 1 (p-S6K1) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) were partially recovered, suggesting ERα is required for CPT inhibition of mTOR signalling. Overall, CPT inhibition of mTOR is dependent on ERα in breast cancer and should be a potential anti-oestrogen agent and a natural adjuvant for application in endocrine resistance therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Junfeng Shi
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenting Ni
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuping Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Siliang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhonghong Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Aiyun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenxing Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yin Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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48
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Amplification of SOX4 promotes PI3K/Akt signaling in human breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 162:439-450. [PMID: 28176176 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4139-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The PI3K/Akt signaling axis contributes to the dysregulation of many dominant features in breast cancer including cell proliferation, survival, metabolism, motility, and genomic instability. While multiple studies have demonstrated that basal-like or triple-negative breast tumors have uniformly high PI3K/Akt activity, genomic alterations that mediate dysregulation of this pathway in this subset of highly aggressive breast tumors remain to be determined. METHODS In this study, we present an integrated genomic analysis based on the use of a PI3K gene expression signature as a framework to analyze orthogonal genomic data from human breast tumors, including RNA expression, DNA copy number alterations, and protein expression. In combination with data from a genome-wide RNA-mediated interference screen in human breast cancer cell lines, we identified essential genetic drivers of PI3K/Akt signaling. RESULTS Our in silico analyses identified SOX4 amplification as a novel modulator of PI3K/Akt signaling in breast cancers and in vitro studies confirmed its role in regulating Akt phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data establish a role for SOX4-mediated PI3K/Akt signaling in breast cancer and suggest that SOX4 may represent a novel therapeutic target and/or biomarker for current PI3K family therapies.
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49
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Karachaliou N, Lazzari C, Verlicchi A, Sosa AE, Rosell R. HER3 as a Therapeutic Target in Cancer. BioDrugs 2017; 31:63-73. [PMID: 28000159 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-016-0205-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Targeting members of the human epidermal growth factor receptor family, especially EGFR and HER2, has been an established strategy for the treatment of tumors with abnormally activated receptors due to overexpression, mutation, ligand-dependent receptor dimerization and ligand-independent activation. Less attention has been paid to the oncogenic activity of HER3, although there is growing evidence that it mediates resistance to EGFR and HER2 pathway directed therapies. The main caveat for the development of effective HER3 targeted therapies is the absence of a strong enzymatic activity to target, as well as the limited potential for single-agent activity. In this review, we highlight the role of HER3 in cancer and, more specifically, in lung cancer. The basis for HER3 involvement in HER2 resistance and EGFR inhibition is discussed, as well as current pharmacologic strategies to combat HER3 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Karachaliou
- Medical Oncology Department, Institute of Oncology Rosell (IOR), University Hospital Sagrat Cor, C/Viladomat 288, 08029, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Chiara Lazzari
- Departmemt of Oncology, Division of Experimental Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Aaron E Sosa
- Medical Oncology Department, Institute of Oncology Rosell (IOR), University Hospital Sagrat Cor, C/Viladomat 288, 08029, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Rosell
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.,Catalan Institute of Oncology, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
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50
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Rocca A, Schirone A, Maltoni R, Bravaccini S, Cecconetto L, Farolfi A, Bronte G, Andreis D. Progress with palbociclib in breast cancer: latest evidence and clinical considerations. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2017; 9:83-105. [PMID: 28203301 PMCID: PMC5298405 DOI: 10.1177/1758834016677961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of the cell cycle is a hallmark of cancer, and research on cell cycle control has allowed identification of potential targets for anticancer treatment. Palbociclib is a selective inhibitor of the cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6), which are involved, with their coregulatory partners cyclin D, in the G1-S transition. Inhibition of this step halts cell cycle progression in cells in which the involved pathway, including the retinoblastoma protein (Rb) and the E2F family of transcription factors, is functioning, although having been deregulated. Among breast cancers, those with functioning cyclin D-CDK4/6-Rb-E2F are mainly hormone-receptor (HR) positive, with some HER2-positive and rare triple-negative cases. Deregulation results from genetic or otherwise occurring hyperactivation of molecules subtending cell cycle progression, or inactivation of cell cycle inhibitors. Based on results of randomized clinical trials, palbociclib was granted accelerated approval by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in combination with letrozole as initial endocrine-based therapy for metastatic disease in postmenopausal women with HR-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer, and was approved for use in combination with fulvestrant in women with HR-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer with disease progression following endocrine therapy. This review provides an update of the available knowledge on the cell cycle and its regulation, on the alterations in cyclin D-CDK4/6-Rb-E2F axis in breast cancer and their roles in endocrine resistance, on the preclinical activity of CDK4/6 inhibitors in breast cancer, both as monotherapy and as partners of combinatorial synergic treatments, and on the clinical development of palbociclib in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rocca
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via Maroncelli 40, Meldola, FC 47014, Italy
| | - Alessio Schirone
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Roberta Maltoni
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Sara Bravaccini
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cecconetto
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Alberto Farolfi
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bronte
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Daniele Andreis
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC, Italy
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