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Borrelli E, Serafino S, Reibaldi M. Bilateral Retinal Vascular Tortuosity and Hemorrhages. JAMA Ophthalmol 2024; 142:675-676. [PMID: 38842890 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2024.1696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
A 28-year-old man presented with decreased visual acuity in his right eye for the past 2 weeks. Examination revealed dilated and tortuous veins, Roth spots, and white intraretinal agglomerates. What would you do next?
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Borrelli
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Department of Ophthalmology, City of Health and Science Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Sonia Serafino
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Department of Ophthalmology, City of Health and Science Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Michele Reibaldi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Department of Ophthalmology, City of Health and Science Hospital, Turin, Italy
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Lee JH, Kim JJ, Hong SY, Kim GH, Kim JY, Kim RY, Kim M, Park YG, Kim YJ, Cho BS, Lee S, Kim HJ, Park YH. Analysis of retinal and choroidal microvascular changes using optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography in patients with acute leukemia. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024:10.1007/s00417-024-06504-y. [PMID: 38713398 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-024-06504-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although leukemic retinopathy accounts for 80% of ocular complications in acute leukemia, its pathogenesis remains unclear. To evaluate changes in retinal and choroicapillaris and structural parameters in patients with acute leukemia, we analyzed the correlation between vascular perfusion metrics and laboratory parameters and assessed the changes after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). METHODS Herein, 104 eyes of 52 patients aged 18 and above with acute leukemia were enrolled. 80 eyes of 40 healthy patients were recruited as control participants. All participants underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) at baseline. RESULTS Patients with acute leukemia had a significantly thicker ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) and lower circularity index than the control participants. Post-HSCT perfusion metrics did not differ significantly, but parafoveal thickness decreased significantly. During the active phase of acute leukemia, lower platelet levels were associated with significant GCIPL thickening and increased foveal avascular zone and perimeter. D-dimer levels positively correlated with GCIPL thickness. CONCLUSION Patients with acute leukemia had subclinical retinal microvascular deficits on OCTA and GCIPL thickening on OCT, possibly associated with bone marrow function. GCIPL thickness may indicate acute ischemia in such patients. Further studies must elucidate their clinical and prognostic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Jung Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Yeon Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Gee-Hyun Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Young Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Rae-Young Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Mirinae Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Geun Park
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Jin Kim
- Leukemia Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Hematology, Catholic Hematology Hospital, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Sik Cho
- Leukemia Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Hematology, Catholic Hematology Hospital, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Lee
- Leukemia Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Hematology, Catholic Hematology Hospital, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Je Kim
- Leukemia Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Hematology, Catholic Hematology Hospital, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Park
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
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Thareja J, Minj A, Samal P, Panigrahi PK. Ophthalmic manifestations in hematological malignancies: An observational study from a tertiary care health center in Eastern India. Indian J Ophthalmol 2024; 72:659-663. [PMID: 38189493 PMCID: PMC11168555 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_815_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to document the spectrum of ocular manifestations of hematological malignancies presenting to a tertiary health center in Eastern India and their association with blood parameters. METHODS This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2021 to July 2022. Patients diagnosed with leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma were enrolled in the study. A comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation was done in each case. RESULTS A total of 97 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of hematological malignancies and meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. Ocular manifestations were noted in 48 (49.48%) patients. Acute lymphocytic leukemia accounted for 35.4% of cases, followed by acute myeloid leukemia (31.25%), lymphoma (4.2%), and minimum manifestation in multiple myeloma (2.1%) patients. Among 48 patients with ocular manifestations, anterior segment involvement was found in 6.2% of cases, with subconjunctival hemorrhage being the most common, and the posterior segment was involved in 100% of patients, with intraretinal hemorrhages being the most common manifestation. A statistically significant association was noted between hemoglobin, total red blood cell count, and total platelet count with posterior segment manifestations ( p < 0.001). On multivariable logistic regression, only total leucocyte count and total platelet count were significant predictors for ocular manifestation. CONCLUSION Indirect involvement of the retina is the most common ocular pathology in hematological malignancies, with intraretinal hemorrhages being the most common finding. Ophthalmic examination is highly recommended as a part of the routine evaluation at the time of diagnosis of hematological malignancies and periodically thereafter to diagnose any ocular involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Japesh Thareja
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be) University, 8-Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Anita Minj
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be) University, 8-Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Priyanka Samal
- Department of Haematology, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be) University, 8-Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Panigrahi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be) University, 8-Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Zhou M, Hashimoto K, Wei D, Cai Y, Huang L, Shi X, Zhao M. Detection of Retinal Microvascular Changes with Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Patients with Acute Leukemia Without Retinopathy. Ophthalmol Ther 2024; 13:1145-1157. [PMID: 38416329 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-024-00904-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute leukemia often affects microcirculation perfusion. This study aimed to investigate retinal microvascular changes in patients with acute leukemia without retinopathy during clinical remission using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and to determine the correlation of these changes with systemic laboratory values. METHODS Thirty-eight patients in remission from acute leukemia with no retinopathy (NLR group) and 36 age-matched healthy individuals (control group) were included in this cross-sectional study. OCTA parameters, including the central foveal thickness (CFT), foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, FAZ perimeter, acircularity index (AI), foveal density (FD300), and the vessel densities (VDs) of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), and choriocapillaris were analyzed in a 6 × 6 mm2 macular scan. Correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to identify potential systemic characteristics associated with these OCTA metrics. RESULTS AI (P = 0.034) and FD300 (P < 0.001) differed significantly between the NLR and control groups. The VD of SCP in the parafovea (P = 0.001) and of DCP in both the parafovea (P = 0.011) and perifovea (P = 0.001) were significantly lower in the NLR group than in the control group. In a multiple linear regression analysis, the reduced VD of the perifoveal DCP was significantly correlated with the increased international normalized ratio (standardized beta [STD β] = - 0.356; P = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS Macular microvascular changes can be observed during remission from acute leukemia antecedent to clinically visible retinal lesions. Hematological disturbances may be associated with microvascular impairments in preclinical leukemic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
- Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China
- College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Kinji Hashimoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
- Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China
- College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Duo Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
- Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China
- College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
- Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China
- College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lvzhen Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China.
- Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China.
- College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
| | - Xuan Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China.
- Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China.
- College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
| | - Mingwei Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
- Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China
- College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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Rossi C, Buizza A, Alessio G, Borselli M, Taloni A, Carnevali A, Carnovale Scalzo G, Lucisano A, Scorcia V, Giannaccare G. Ophthalmic Manifestations in Patients with Blood Malignancies. Hematol Rep 2024; 16:193-203. [PMID: 38651449 PMCID: PMC11036248 DOI: 10.3390/hematolrep16020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ocular complications can occur in up to 90% of patients with blood malignancies. Such complications range from direct infiltration to local hemostatic imbalance and treatment-related toxicity. This narrative review is based on a systematic computerized search of the literature conducted until January 2024 and examines the common ocular complications associated with blood cancers. Ocular complications from primary disease include mass effects from ocular adnexal lymphomas and intraocular lymphomas, with B-cell lymphomas accounting for 95% of primary ocular presentations. Secondary disease involvement from systemic hematological malignancies can lead to a wide range of ocular manifestations, such as leukemic retinopathy. Furthermore, toxicity from antineoplastic therapies and ocular graft versus host disease (oGVHD) after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation present additional risks to ocular health. In conclusion, ocular complications in blood cancer patients are an integral part of patient management, requiring regular ophthalmic evaluations and close collaboration between oncologists and ophthalmologists. Advances in therapy and an increased focus on early symptom recognition are essential for preserving vision and enhancing patient quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Rossi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.R.); (G.A.); (M.B.); (A.T.); (A.C.); (G.C.S.); (A.L.); (V.S.)
| | - Alessandro Buizza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Milan, Italy;
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Alessio
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.R.); (G.A.); (M.B.); (A.T.); (A.C.); (G.C.S.); (A.L.); (V.S.)
| | - Massimiliano Borselli
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.R.); (G.A.); (M.B.); (A.T.); (A.C.); (G.C.S.); (A.L.); (V.S.)
| | - Andrea Taloni
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.R.); (G.A.); (M.B.); (A.T.); (A.C.); (G.C.S.); (A.L.); (V.S.)
| | - Adriano Carnevali
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.R.); (G.A.); (M.B.); (A.T.); (A.C.); (G.C.S.); (A.L.); (V.S.)
| | - Giovanna Carnovale Scalzo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.R.); (G.A.); (M.B.); (A.T.); (A.C.); (G.C.S.); (A.L.); (V.S.)
| | - Andrea Lucisano
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.R.); (G.A.); (M.B.); (A.T.); (A.C.); (G.C.S.); (A.L.); (V.S.)
| | - Vincenzo Scorcia
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.R.); (G.A.); (M.B.); (A.T.); (A.C.); (G.C.S.); (A.L.); (V.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Giannaccare
- Eye Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
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Zhirov AL, Kolenko OV, Zhazybaev RS, Sorokin EL. [Terson syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia (case report)]. Vestn Oftalmol 2024; 140:72-78. [PMID: 38450469 DOI: 10.17116/oftalma202414001172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The article presents a clinical case of bilateral Terson syndrome caused by the manifestation of acute myeloid leukemia. A 32-year-old man complained of a sharp decrease in vision in both eyes. Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage occurred secondary to acute myeloid leukemia. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) amounted to OD=0.01, OS=0.005. The anterior segment was normal in both eyes, voluminous immobile white-gray mass measuring 7-9 DD that completely covered the macula (intense hyperechoic cell suspension with a volume of about 1/2 of the vitreous cavity, ultrasound B-scan) were visualized in the posterior pole of the vitreous body of both eyes under conditions of maximum drug-induced mydriasis. Diagnosis: vitreous hemorrhage due to subarachnoid hemorrhage in both eyes secondary to acute myeloid leukemia. Vitrectomy was performed in both eyes. UCVA increased to 0.05 in both eyes. Vitrectomy contributed to improvement of visual functions and patient quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Zhirov
- Khabarovsk branch of S.N. Fedorov National Medical Research Center "MINK "Eye Microsurgery", Khabarovsk, Russia
| | - O V Kolenko
- Khabarovsk branch of S.N. Fedorov National Medical Research Center "MINK "Eye Microsurgery", Khabarovsk, Russia
- Postgraduate Institute for Public Health Specialists, Khabarovsk, Russia
- Far-Eastern State Medical University, Khabarovsk, Russia
| | - R S Zhazybaev
- Khabarovsk branch of S.N. Fedorov National Medical Research Center "MINK "Eye Microsurgery", Khabarovsk, Russia
| | - E L Sorokin
- Khabarovsk branch of S.N. Fedorov National Medical Research Center "MINK "Eye Microsurgery", Khabarovsk, Russia
- Far-Eastern State Medical University, Khabarovsk, Russia
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Rothfield L, Falcone MM, Gaier ED, Heidary G, Gise R. Neuro-ophthalmic Complications in Pediatric Leukemia. J Neuroophthalmol 2023; 43:520-524. [PMID: 37247249 DOI: 10.1097/wno.0000000000001879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optic neuropathy in childhood leukemia occurs through multiple direct and indirect mechanisms, including leukemic infiltration of the optic nerve, infection, blood dyscrasias, or adverse effects of treatment. We aimed to characterize visual outcomes in pediatric patients with leukemia-associated neuro-ophthalmic manifestations. METHODS We retrospectively identified patients with leukemia and optic nerve pathology over 13 years by diagnostic billing codes. We collected information on demographics, presentation, treatment course, and visual outcomes directly from medical records. RESULTS Of the 19 patients who met inclusion criteria, 17 (89.5%) had pseudotumor cerebri and 2 had direct optic nerve infiltration. Causes of increased intracranial pressure included central nervous system infiltration (6 of 17), hyperviscosity/leukemia (2 of 17), venous sinus thrombosis (3 of 17), medication induced (5 of 17), and bacterial meningitis (1 of 17). 47.1% (8 of 17) had papilledema at the time of leukemia diagnosis, and 94.1% (16 of 17) of patients with pseudotumor cerebri were treated with acetazolamide. At presentation, 3 patients had decreased vision secondary to macular ischemia, subhyaloid vitreous hemorrhage, or steroid induced glaucoma. Following treatment of pseudotumor cerebri, binocular visual acuity was ≥20/25 in all patients. One patient with optic nerve infiltration had a final visual acuity of count fingers in the affected eye. CONCLUSIONS In our chart review, the most common mechanism of neuro-ophthalmic involvement in pediatric leukemia was elevated intracranial pressure from a myriad of causes. Visual outcomes from patients with elevated intracranial pressure were excellent. Understanding the mechanisms by which leukemia can cause optic nerve disease in pediatric patients can facilitate earlier diagnosis and treatment and potentially improve visual outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Rothfield
- Department of Ophthalmology (LR), Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (MMF), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Department of Ophthalmology (EDG, GH, RG), Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School (EDG, GH, RG), Boston, Massachusetts; and Picower Institute for Learning and Memory (EDG), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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8
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Beketova T, Mordechaev E, Murillo B, Schlesinger MD. Leukemic Retinopathy: A Diagnostic Clue for Initial Detection and Prognosis of Leukemia. Cureus 2023; 15:e50587. [PMID: 38222198 PMCID: PMC10788118 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Leukemia is a systemic malignancy that can compromise various physiological functions, including vision. We report a case of a 37-year-old male presenting with worsening bilateral central vision loss, fatigue, shortness of breath, and ankle edema. Ophthalmic examination revealed extensive retinal hemorrhages, Roth spots, and subhyaloid hemorrhages, consistent with leukemic retinopathy. Further hematologic workup confirmed chronic eosinophilic leukemia. The patient showed systemic and visual improvement after prompt treatment with imatinib. This case highlights the importance of ophthalmological assessment in diagnosing leukemia, as ocular manifestations may often be the first sign of hematological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brian Murillo
- Ophthalmology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, USA
| | - Max D Schlesinger
- Ophthalmology/Retina, Westchester Medical Center/New York Medical College, Valhalla, USA
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Balamurugan S, Kaur K, Gurnani B, Agrawal A. Bilateral acute vision loss as the initial presentation of chronic myeloid leukemia in a young female. Indian J Cancer 2023; 60:578-582. [PMID: 38206079 DOI: 10.4103/ijc.ijc_573_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a hematological malignancy characterized by structural/functional changes and increased neutrophils. Rarely, ophthalmic manifestations are the first clue toward underlying pathology. We report a case of a 34-year-old woman who presented with sudden-onset diminution of vision in both eyes. On examination, she was diagnosed with panuveitis in the right eye and choroiditis in the left eye. Further investigations revealed an underlying CML in the accelerated phase. The patient was managed with systemic immunomodulators along with topical and periocular steroids. Prompt diagnosis and management in collaboration with an oncologist and hematologist helped us achieve a good outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivaraman Balamurugan
- Department of Uvea Services, Aravind Eye Hospital, Thavalakuppam, Cuddalore Main Road, Pondicherry, India
| | - Kirandeep Kaur
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Aravind Eye Hospital, Thavalakuppam, Cuddalore Main Road, Pondicherry, India
| | - Bharat Gurnani
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Services, Aravind Eye Hospital, Thavalakuppam, Cuddalore Main Road, Pondicherry, India
| | - Anushri Agrawal
- Department of General Ophthalmology, Aravind Eye Hospital, Thavalakuppam, Cuddalore Main Road, Pondicherry, India
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Paez-Escamilla M, Caplash S, Kalra G, Odden J, Price D, Marroquin OC, Koscumb S, Commiskey P, Indermill C, Finkelstein J, Gushchin AG, Coca A, Friberg TR, Eller AW, Gallagher DS, Harwick JC, Waxman EL, Chhablani J, Bonhomme G, Prensky C, Anetakis AJ, Martel JN, Massicotte E, Ores R, Girmens JF, Pearce TM, Sahel JA, Dansingani K, Westcott M, Errera MH. Challenges in posterior uveitis-tips and tricks for the retina specialist. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect 2023; 13:35. [PMID: 37589912 PMCID: PMC10435440 DOI: 10.1186/s12348-023-00342-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Posterior uveitis is a common chorioretinal pathology affecting all ages worldwide and is a frequent reason for referral to the retina clinic. The spectrum of etiologies for uveitis is very broad and includes infectious and auto-immune diseases. Inflammation can be confined to the eye or may be a part of systemic disease. A useful outline is therefore proposed to aid in the correct diagnosis of these challenging entities. The situation is further complicated by the fact that many neoplastic conditions resemble features of posterior uveitis; they are known as "masqueraders of uveitis". Here, we summarize different posterior uveitides that present with rare findings, along with masqueraders that can be difficult to distinguish. These conditions pose a diagnostic dilemma resulting in delay in treatment because of diagnostic uncertainty. METHODS An extensive literature search was performed on the MEDLINE/PUBMED, EBSCO and Cochrane CENTRAL databases from January 1985 to January 2022 for original studies and reviews of predetermined diagnoses that include posterior uveitic entities, panuveitis and masquerade syndromes. RESULTS We described conditions that can present as mimickers of posterior uveitis (i.e., immune check-points inhibitors and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada-like uveitis; leukemia and lymphoma associated posterior uveitis), inflammatory conditions that present as mimickers of retinal diseases (i.e., Purtscher-like retinopathy as a presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus; central serous chorioretinopathy masquerading inflammatory exudative retinal detachment), and uveitic conditions with rare and diagnostically challenging etiologies (i.e., paradoxical inflammatory effects of anti-TNF-α; post vaccination uveitis; ocular inflammation after intravitreal injection of antiangiogenic drugs). CONCLUSION This review of unique posterior uveitis cases highlights the overlapping features of posterior uveitis (paradoxical inflammatory effects of anti -TNF α and uveitis; Purtscher-like retinopathy as a presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus, …) and the nature of retinal conditions (ischemic ocular syndrome, or central retinal vein occlusion, amyloidosis, inherited conditions like retinitis pigmentosa, autosomal dominant neovascular inflammatory vitreoretinopathy (ADNIV), etc.…) that may mimic them is represented. Careful review of past uveitis history, current medications and recent vaccinations, detailed examination of signs of past or present inflammation, eventually genetic testing and/ or multimodal retinal imaging (like fluorescein angiography, EDI-OCT, OCT-angiography for lupus Purtscher-like retinopathy evaluation, or ICG for central serous retinopathy, or retinal amyloid angiopathy) may aid in correct diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Paez-Escamilla
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sonny Caplash
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gagan Kalra
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jamie Odden
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Danielle Price
- Clinical Analytics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Stephen Koscumb
- Clinical Analytics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Patrick Commiskey
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chad Indermill
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jerome Finkelstein
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anna G Gushchin
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andreea Coca
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Thomas R Friberg
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andrew W Eller
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Denise S Gallagher
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jean C Harwick
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Evan L Waxman
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jay Chhablani
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gabrielle Bonhomme
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Colin Prensky
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexander J Anetakis
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joseph N Martel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Erika Massicotte
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Raphaelle Ores
- Department of Ophthalmology, McGill University Campus Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
| | | | - Thomas M Pearce
- Division of Neuropathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jose-Alain Sahel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kunal Dansingani
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mark Westcott
- Department of Uveitis, Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Marie-Helene Errera
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- UPMC Eye Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 203 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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11
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Zhou C, Zeng P, Wang J, Zhang Y, Fan SX, Hu YX, Nie DN, Xiao JH. Increased peripapillary capillaries in patients with acute leukemia by using optical coherence tomography angiography. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 42:103569. [PMID: 37068646 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the radial peripapillary capillary vessel density (RPC-VD) and thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in acute leukemia (AL) and the associations of these characteristics with blood laboratory parameters. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed at the Ophthalmology Department of the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital from February 2019 to April 2022. Sixty eyes of 30 patients diagnosed with AL and sixty eyes of 30 matched healthy controls were included. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in the 4.5-mm Angio Disc scan mode and the Ganglion cell complex scan mode were performed for all participants. Correlation analyses were used to examine the associations of RPC-VD and RNFL with blood laboratory parameters. RESULTS Patients in the AL group had significantly increased RPC-VD in the whole-image (51.42±0.35 vs. 49.52±0.36) and peripapillary fields (53.90±0.43 vs. 51.17±0.50) compared with people in the control group (all P<0.001), while no difference was found for RPC-VD in the inside optic disc fields in the two groups. The RNFL in the AL group was significantly thicker than that in the control group (131.10±3.89 μm vs. 115.03±2.22 μm, P<0.05). Complete blood count (CBC) parameters, including red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit, had a significant negative correlation with RPC-VD and RNFL (all P <0.05). CONCLUSION An increased RPC-VD and a thicker RNFL are evidence of fundus changes in patients with early-stage AL, and these metrics may be related to decreases in red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, the People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, the People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, the People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, the People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Xian Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, the People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xin Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, the People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Nian Nie
- Department of hematology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, the People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian-Hui Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, the People's Republic of China.
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12
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Alzuabi AK, Alanazi TA, Alkharashi A, Al-Qahtani KM, Albloushi AF. Bilateral Retinal Infiltration and Ischemia as the First Presenting Sign of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Case Report with Multimodal Imaging. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 2023; 30:121-124. [PMID: 39006935 PMCID: PMC11238932 DOI: 10.4103/meajo.meajo_69_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a malignant proliferative disorder involving the bone marrow and lymphatic system. Retinal involvement is a rare form of presentation in patients with CML. We report a case of a 49-year-old woman who presented with an acute bilateral visual disturbance. Her initial visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes. Fundus examination revealed multiple yellowish retinal infiltrates, vascular sheathing, and peripheral sclerosed blood vessels. Fundus fluorescein angiography revealed bilateral peripheral retinal ischemia. Optical coherence tomography of the macula showed varying sizes of hyperreflective lesions distributed within the inner and outer retinal layers and in the subretinal space. Systemic workup revealed marked leukocytosis, and bone marrow biopsy revealed CML. Patients with CML can rarely present with ocular symptoms. Early recognition and prompt referral are crucial in lifesaving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma K Alzuabi
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq A Alanazi
- Department of Ophthalmology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed Alkharashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid M Al-Qahtani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman F Albloushi
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Yang L, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Shen T, Shen X. Changes in retinal circulation and choroidal thickness in patients with acute myeloid leukemia detected by optical coherence tomography angiography. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1117204. [PMID: 36993797 PMCID: PMC10041655 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1117204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
PurposeTo investigate changes in retinal circulation and the choroid in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in the acute and remission stages, to analyze the correlation between retinal circulation and laboratory parameters, and to assess risk factors associated with leukemic retinopathy.MethodsForty-eight patients (93 eyes) with AML were enrolled and divided into two groups according to fundus examination findings: the retinopathy and no retinopathy groups. Patients underwent eye measurements before treatment and after remission. Macular vessel density (VD), perfusion density (PD), foveal avascular zone (FAZ), and choroidal thickness (ChT) were measured using optical coherence tomography angiography. Patients with healthy eyes were recruited as control participants.ResultsPatients with leukemic retinopathy had higher measurements of white blood cells (WBCs), circulating blasts, fibrin degradation products, and cross-linked fibrin degradation products (D-dimer) and a lower hemoglobin (HB) count (p < 0.05). In the acute phase of the disease, the VD and PD were lower and the ChT was thicker in patients with AML than in controls (p < 0.05), irrespective of the presence of leukemic retinopathy; however, the patients were partially recovered in the remission stage. The VD was lower in patients with higher WBC (r = −0.217, p = 0.036), D-dimer (r = −0.279, p = 0.001), fasting blood glucose (FBG) (r = −0.298, p = 0.004) and triglyceride (r = −0.336, p = 0.001) levels. The FAZ area was negatively correlated with HB (r = −0.258, p = 0.012).ConclusionPatients with AML appear to have subclinical retinal perfusion loss and choroidal thickening in the acute phase of the disease, but this is reversible. Injury to bone marrow function may cause a decrease in retinal perfusion. Leukemic retinopathy is associated with abnormal hematologic parameters and coagulopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, RuiJin Hospital Lu Wan Branch, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanwei Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, RuiJin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunxiang Zhang
- Department of Hematology, RuiJin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, RuiJin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Ting Shen,
| | - Xi Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, RuiJin Hospital Lu Wan Branch, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, RuiJin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xi Shen,
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14
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Szeto SK, Mohamed S, Tsang CW, Chan CK. Massive retinal infiltrates as the presenting sign of chronic myeloid leukemia: Clinical and imaging features of leukemic retinopathy. Eur J Ophthalmol 2023; 33:NP55-NP63. [PMID: 34595942 DOI: 10.1177/11206721211048792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the clinical and optical coherence tomography (OCT) features of two cases with bilateral diffuse retinal infiltrates as the only presenting feature of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) on initial diagnosis and upon relapse. METHODS We reported two patients with CML, one at initial diagnosis and one in remission who presented with bilateral subacute visual impairment. Fundal examination revealed bilateral symmetrical leukostatic appearance with increased vascular tortuosity, diffuse retinal infiltrates with size up to 6 disk diameters, retinal hemorrhages, and Roth's spots. OCT showed multiple intra-retinal hyper-reflective foci corresponding to intra-retinal hemorrhages, and outer retinal hyper-reflective foci in area corresponding to retinal infiltrate. The different retinal layers were relatively preserved and distinguishable. RESULTS White cell count (WCC) were elevated in both patients ranging from 544 to 810 × 109/L. Bone marrow biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of CML in the patient without prior diagnosis and relapse of CML in another patient. Cytogenetic test detected Abelson murine leukemia (ABL) - breakpoint cluster region (BCR) fusion transcript in both cases. Both patients were started on oral imatinib, subsequently WCC returned to within normal values in both cases. Vision and OCT abnormalities improved and reduction in retinal hemorrhages and infiltrates were observed in follow up. CONCLUSION This report highlights the important role of ophthalmologists and detailed fundus examination in making a prompt diagnosis of leukemia in patients with visual complaints. Appropriate systemic investigation and hematologist referrals for prompt treatment of CML may improve survival rate and preserve vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kh Szeto
- The Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Shaheeda Mohamed
- The Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Chi Wai Tsang
- The Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Carmen Km Chan
- The Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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15
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Sayadi J, Gouider D, Allouche Y, Choura R, Cherni I, Sayadi M, Benneji H, Zghal I, Malek I, Nacef L. Ophthalmic Manifestations of Newly Diagnosed Acute Leukemia Patients in a Tunisian Cohort. Clin Ophthalmol 2022; 16:3425-3435. [PMID: 36249442 PMCID: PMC9560867 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s365648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To describe ocular manifestations of acute leukemia in a Tunisian cohort and to assess the associations between ophthalmic findings and epidemiological, clinical, and biological features of the disease. Methods A prospective study included patients newly diagnosed with acute leukemia referred to our clinics between January 2019 and July 2020. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmic evaluation and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) at presentation, then every two months during one year. We defined two groups: Group 1 included patients with leukemic ophthalmopathy and group 2 included patients with normal ophthalmic examination. Results Forty-six patients were enrolled. The mean age of patients was 32.1±15.3 years. The sex ratio M/F was 1.55 (28 male patients and 18 females). Twenty-nine patients (63%) had acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and 17 (37%) had acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The average follow-up was 9.1 months (range: 3–12 months). We observed ophthalmic manifestations in 28 patients (61%). Among them, 17 (61%) had vision-threatening complications. The posterior segment was the most common site of ocular involvement (82% of group1). Primary leukemic infiltration (Disc edema, ptosis, exophthalmos) was present in 13 eyes (14.1%). Twenty-seven eyes (29.3%) had secondary involvement lesions (Subconjunctival hemorrhage, periorbital ecchymosis, retinal/sub-hyaloid hemorrhage, dilated/tortuous veins). Twenty-one eyes (22.8%) showed other ocular manifestations which etiopathogenesis is not yet fully understood (White-centred hemorrhages, cotton-wool spots, serous retinal detachment, hemorrhagic pigment epithelial detachment). Leukemic retinopathy was significantly more frequent in adults (23/39 and 1/7 in adult and pediatric groups, respectively; p=0.003). Patients suffering from AML were more likely to have secondary ocular involvement (20/29 and 7/17 in AML and ALL patients, respectively; p=0.047). Retinal hemorrhages were statistically associated with anemia and thrombocytopenia (p=0.041 and p=0.034; respectively). Conclusion Leukemic ophthalmopathy seems to be frequent and may lead to severe visual impairment. An ophthalmic assessment complemented with SD-OCT has paramount importance in all newly diagnosed acute leukemic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihene Sayadi
- Department A, Hedi Raies Institute of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Dhouha Gouider
- Department A, Hedi Raies Institute of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia,Correspondence: Dhouha Gouider, Department A, Hedi Raies Institute of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Bab Saadoun, Tunis, Tunisia, Tel +21640660114, Email
| | - Yasmine Allouche
- Department A, Hedi Raies Institute of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Racem Choura
- Department A, Hedi Raies Institute of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ines Cherni
- Department A, Hedi Raies Institute of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Malek Sayadi
- Department of Hematology, Aziza Othmana Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hend Benneji
- Department of Hematology, Aziza Othmana Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Imene Zghal
- Department A, Hedi Raies Institute of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ines Malek
- Department A, Hedi Raies Institute of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Leila Nacef
- Department A, Hedi Raies Institute of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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16
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El Salloukh NA, Hage DG, Bashshur AZ, Kheir WJ. Early Ophthalmological Manifestations of Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Current Perspectives. Clin Ophthalmol 2022; 16:2119-2127. [PMID: 35800672 PMCID: PMC9255417 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s342720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological malignancy affecting different organ systems including the eye. The purpose of this review is to present and evaluate the medical literature regarding the early ophthalmological manifestations of acute myeloid leukemia. AML affects the ocular system through direct infiltration of tissues, secondary to hematological abnormalities, or in the form of chloroma or myeloid sarcoma in the brain or orbit consequently leading to a variety of manifestations depending on the ocular tissue involved. It is imperative for ophthalmologists to be aware of the early ophthalmological manifestations of AML which will allow for earlier diagnosis and treatment of this life-threatening disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dany G Hage
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Anna Z Bashshur
- Ophthalmology Department, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Wajiha Jurdi Kheir
- Ophthalmology Department, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
- Correspondence: Wajiha Jurdi Kheir, Department of Ophthalmology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Cairo Street, Beirut, Lebanon, Tel +961-1-350000, Fax +961-1-370837, Email
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17
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Kumar A, Shankar S, Kochhar D, Arora A, Kumar K. Acute myeloid leukemia presenting as unilateral central retinal vein occlusion. GMS OPHTHALMOLOGY CASES 2022; 12:Doc15. [PMID: 35912128 PMCID: PMC9285115 DOI: 10.3205/oc000202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Ocular manifestations of leukemia are often bilateral and involve all ocular structures with non-specific features like retinal hemorrhages, cotton wool spots and choroidal infiltrates. We report a rare, atypical initial presentation of acute myeloid leukemia with unilateral central retinal vein occlusion in a middle-aged male. This case will raise awareness among ophthalmologists to recognize and diagnose underlying systemic disease early and decrease systemic morbidity in consultation with a hematologist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Ashok Kumar, Department of Ophthalmology, Armed Forces Medical College, 411040 Pune, India, Phone: +91 9914457877, E-mail:
| | - Sandeep Shankar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India
| | - Divya Kochhar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India
| | - Amit Arora
- Department of Ophthalmology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India
| | - Kapil Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India
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18
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Hersi RM, Aldosari AM, Naaman NK, Alrajhi RK, Alqahtani AS. Bilateral Papilledema and Right Esotropia as an Initial Presentation of Acute Myeloid Leukemia in a Young Girl. Cureus 2022; 14:e25413. [PMID: 35774669 PMCID: PMC9236691 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemia is a malignant hematologic neoplastic disease in which acquired mutations and genetic abnormalities in early hematopoietic precursors cause rapid proliferation of white blood cells (WBC). Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a subtype of leukemia, is a rare form of cancer that typically manifests in adulthood. Symptoms typically arise due to abnormal proliferation of WBC. Ocular manifestations of such malignancies are rare and they occur more commonly in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) rather than AML. Furthermore, ophthalmic involvement usually is either a sign of central nervous system involvement or disease relapse. In this article, we report the case of a 14-year-old girl who presented initially with double vision and right eye squint. The patient was later diagnosed with AML with leptomeningeal involvement.
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19
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Khalil H, Strohmaier C, Bolz M. Case report: atypical, unilateral optic nerve infiltration as the first sign of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) relapse. BMC Ophthalmol 2022; 22:195. [PMID: 35477372 PMCID: PMC9047283 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02421-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We describe a case of an atypical presentation of leukemic optic nerve infiltration. CASE PRESENTATION A patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in remission suffered from sudden right eye vision loss. At the time of presentation, the affected eye presented with an afferent pupillary defect, while the fundus examination was normal. A complete work up of the patient revealed no signs of ALL relapse, but MR imaging of the optic nerve showed contrast agent uptake consistent with optic nerve infiltration. The patient developed a fulminant ALL relapse and died shortly after. Histology of the optic nerve showed a leukemic infiltration with CD10 positive cells. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of an ALL relapse in the optic nerve without intraocular signs. Patients' medical history should therefore be taken into consideration in patients with unclear vision loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidar Khalil
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Johannes Kepler University, 4020, Linz, Austria.
| | - Clemens Strohmaier
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Johannes Kepler University, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Matthias Bolz
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Johannes Kepler University, 4020, Linz, Austria
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20
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Cicinelli MV, Mastaglio S, Menean M, Marchese A, Miserocchi E, Modorati G, Bernardi M, Ciceri F, Bandello F. Retinal Microvascular Changes in Patients with Acute Leukemia. Retina 2022; 42:1762-1771. [PMID: 35446824 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000003504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the retinal circulation in patients with active acute leukemia, to correlate the perfusion metrics with systemic laboratory values, and to assess the vascular perfusion after leukemia remission. METHODS Longitudinal study of 22 eyes from 12 patients with acute leukemia; healthy eyes were recruited as controls. All patients underwent optical coherence tomography (OCTA) at baseline. OCTA was repeated in case of morphological leukemia remission. RESULTS Patients' age ranged 37-74 years. All participants had a 20/20 vision. In all leukemic eyes, OCTA detected vascular alterations in the macula and the peripapillary region. Vessel density (VD) values in the superficial capillary plexus were lower in leukemia patients than controls (46.8±3.6 vs. 49.2±2%, p=0.08), irrespective of the presence of leukemic retinopathy (7 eyes, 32%). Lower VD was associated with lower white blood cells (p=0.09) and lower platelets (p=0.001). Reappearance of small capillaries, increase in VD, reduction in vessel diameter, and increase in fractal dimension was seen after remission. CONCLUSION Subclinical, reversible reduction in vessel density and complexity on OCTA occurs in patients with active acute leukemia and is presumably associated with bone marrow function failure. Further studies are warranted to explore its functional and prognostic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vittoria Cicinelli
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Mastaglio
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Menean
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Marchese
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giulio Modorati
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Bernardi
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Ciceri
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bandello
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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21
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Mangal V, Khurana H, Mutreja D, Yadav NK, Chakilam PK. Sudden painless loss of vision as the initial manifestation of acute myeloid leukemia: a case report. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2022:S2531-1379(22)00043-8. [PMID: 35410812 DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Mangal
- Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
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22
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Gotti G, Stevenson K, Kay-Green S, Blonquist TM, Mantagos JS, Silverman LB, Place AE. Ocular abnormalities at diagnosis and after the completion of treatment in children and adolescents with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 69:e29542. [PMID: 35187841 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ocular abnormalities (OA) in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are common findings both at diagnosis and later in follow-up. The frequency, predictors, and prognostic impact of OA in the context of recent ALL protocols are not well characterized. PROCEDURE Single-center retrospective analysis of the medical records of 224 patients with ALL enrolled on Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI) ALL Consortium Protocol 05-001. RESULTS Overall, 217 (98%) patients had at least one ophthalmic exam. Retinal hemorrhages were the most frequent abnormalities at diagnosis (11%) and cataracts at later time points (13%). OA at diagnosis were associated with age ≥10 years and with the severity of anemia and thrombocytopenia; they were also univariately associated with lower 5-year event-free survival (EFS) (high risk [HR] = 3.09 [95% CI: 1.38-6.94]; p = .006), but not in a disease-free survival (DFS) model adjusted for end-induction minimal residual disease (p = .82). The cumulative incidence of cataract was 13.1% ± 2.8% at 43 months from diagnosis; its development was associated with high presenting white blood cell count (≥50,000/μl) (p = .010), male sex (p = .036), higher risk group (p = .025), and cranial radiation (p = .004). Cataract was associated with decreased visual acuity. CONCLUSIONS OA at diagnosis, present in 12% of patients, were associated with older age, anemia, and thrombocytopenia and did not carry a significant prognostic impact. Cataracts were detected in over 10% of patients and were associated with decreased visual acuity, thus supporting routine screening after completion of therapy, especially for those treated with high-risk protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Gotti
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Milano-Bicocca, MBBM Foundation, Monza, Italy
| | - Kristen Stevenson
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samantha Kay-Green
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Traci M Blonquist
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jason S Mantagos
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lewis B Silverman
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew E Place
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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23
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Denier M, Tick S, Dubois R, Dulery R, Eller AW, Suarez F, Burroni B, Maurage CA, Bories C, Konopacki J, Puech M, Bouscary D, Cantalloube A, Héron E, Marçais A, Habas C, Theillac V, Keilani C, Bonhomme GR, Gallagher DS, Boumendil J, Abarah W, Sedira N, Bertin S, Choquet S, Sahel JA, Merabet L, Brignole-Baudouin F, Putterman M, Errera MH. Hidden in the Eyes—Recurrence of Systemic Hemopathies Reportedly “In Remission”: Six Cases and Review of Literature. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58030456. [PMID: 35334633 PMCID: PMC8950814 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58030456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Secondary ocular localizations of hematological malignancies are blinding conditions with a poor prognosis, and often result in a delay in the diagnosis. Materials and Methods: We describe a series of rare cases of ocular involvement in six patients with hematological malignancies, reportedly in remission, who presented secondary ocular localizations, challenging to diagnose. Two patients had an acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and developed either a posterior scleritis or a pseudo-panuveitis with ciliary process infiltration. One patient had iris plasmacytoma and developed an anterior uveitis as a secondary presentation. Two patients had a current systemic diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and were referred either for intermediate uveitis or for papilledema and vitritis with secondary retinitis. Finally, one patient with an acute myeloid leukemia (AML) presented a conjunctival localization of a myeloid sarcoma. We herein summarize the current knowledge of ophthalmologic manifestations of extramedullary hematopathies. Results: Inflammatory signs were associated with symptomatic infiltrative lesions well displayed in either the iris, the retina, the choroid, or the cavernous sinus, from the admission of the patients in the ophthalmological department. These findings suggest that patients with ALL, AML, systemic DLBCL, and myeloma can present with ophthalmic involvement, even after having been reported as in remission following an effective systemic treatment and/or allograft. Conclusions: Early detection of hidden recurrence in the eyes may permit effective treatment. Furthermore, oncologists and ophthalmologists should be aware of those rare ocular malignant locations when monitoring patient’s progression after initial treatment, and close ophthalmologic examinations should be recommended when detecting patient’s ocular symptoms after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Denier
- Centre Hospitalier National des Quinze-Vingts, CIC 1423, DHU Sight Restore, 28 rue de Charenton, Sorbonne-Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), 75012 Paris, France; (M.D.); (S.T.); (A.C.); (E.H.); (C.H.); (V.T.); (C.K.); (J.B.); (N.S.); (S.B.); (J.-A.S.); (L.M.); (F.B.-B.); (M.P.)
| | - Sarah Tick
- Centre Hospitalier National des Quinze-Vingts, CIC 1423, DHU Sight Restore, 28 rue de Charenton, Sorbonne-Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), 75012 Paris, France; (M.D.); (S.T.); (A.C.); (E.H.); (C.H.); (V.T.); (C.K.); (J.B.); (N.S.); (S.B.); (J.-A.S.); (L.M.); (F.B.-B.); (M.P.)
| | - Romain Dubois
- Institut de Pathologie, CHRU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France;
| | - Remy Dulery
- Service d’Hématologie Clinique et de Thérapie Cellulaire, Hôpital Saint Antoine, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRs938, 75012 Paris, France;
| | - Andrew W. Eller
- Ophthalmology Service, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 75012, USA; (A.W.E.); (G.R.B.); (D.S.G.)
| | - Felipe Suarez
- Department of Hematology, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, INSERM UMR 1163 et CNRS ERL 8254, Institut Imagine, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, 149 rue de Sèvres, CEDEX 15, 75743 Paris, France; (F.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Barbara Burroni
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France;
| | - Claude-Alain Maurage
- Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert INSERM: U837, Université du Droit et de la Santé—Lille II, Faculté de Médecine 1, Place de Verdun, CEDEX, 59045 Lille, France;
- Institut de Pathologie—CHRU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Claire Bories
- France Department of Hematology, CHRU, 59000 Lille, France;
| | - Johanna Konopacki
- Department of Hematology, Hôpital D’instruction des Armées Percy, 92140 Clamart, France;
| | | | - Didier Bouscary
- Department of Hematology, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France;
| | - Alberte Cantalloube
- Centre Hospitalier National des Quinze-Vingts, CIC 1423, DHU Sight Restore, 28 rue de Charenton, Sorbonne-Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), 75012 Paris, France; (M.D.); (S.T.); (A.C.); (E.H.); (C.H.); (V.T.); (C.K.); (J.B.); (N.S.); (S.B.); (J.-A.S.); (L.M.); (F.B.-B.); (M.P.)
| | - Emmanuel Héron
- Centre Hospitalier National des Quinze-Vingts, CIC 1423, DHU Sight Restore, 28 rue de Charenton, Sorbonne-Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), 75012 Paris, France; (M.D.); (S.T.); (A.C.); (E.H.); (C.H.); (V.T.); (C.K.); (J.B.); (N.S.); (S.B.); (J.-A.S.); (L.M.); (F.B.-B.); (M.P.)
| | - Ambroise Marçais
- Department of Hematology, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, INSERM UMR 1163 et CNRS ERL 8254, Institut Imagine, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, 149 rue de Sèvres, CEDEX 15, 75743 Paris, France; (F.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Christophe Habas
- Centre Hospitalier National des Quinze-Vingts, CIC 1423, DHU Sight Restore, 28 rue de Charenton, Sorbonne-Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), 75012 Paris, France; (M.D.); (S.T.); (A.C.); (E.H.); (C.H.); (V.T.); (C.K.); (J.B.); (N.S.); (S.B.); (J.-A.S.); (L.M.); (F.B.-B.); (M.P.)
| | - Vincent Theillac
- Centre Hospitalier National des Quinze-Vingts, CIC 1423, DHU Sight Restore, 28 rue de Charenton, Sorbonne-Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), 75012 Paris, France; (M.D.); (S.T.); (A.C.); (E.H.); (C.H.); (V.T.); (C.K.); (J.B.); (N.S.); (S.B.); (J.-A.S.); (L.M.); (F.B.-B.); (M.P.)
| | - Chafik Keilani
- Centre Hospitalier National des Quinze-Vingts, CIC 1423, DHU Sight Restore, 28 rue de Charenton, Sorbonne-Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), 75012 Paris, France; (M.D.); (S.T.); (A.C.); (E.H.); (C.H.); (V.T.); (C.K.); (J.B.); (N.S.); (S.B.); (J.-A.S.); (L.M.); (F.B.-B.); (M.P.)
| | - Gabrielle R. Bonhomme
- Ophthalmology Service, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 75012, USA; (A.W.E.); (G.R.B.); (D.S.G.)
| | - Denise S. Gallagher
- Ophthalmology Service, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 75012, USA; (A.W.E.); (G.R.B.); (D.S.G.)
| | - Julien Boumendil
- Centre Hospitalier National des Quinze-Vingts, CIC 1423, DHU Sight Restore, 28 rue de Charenton, Sorbonne-Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), 75012 Paris, France; (M.D.); (S.T.); (A.C.); (E.H.); (C.H.); (V.T.); (C.K.); (J.B.); (N.S.); (S.B.); (J.-A.S.); (L.M.); (F.B.-B.); (M.P.)
| | - Wajed Abarah
- Department of Hematology, Hôpital de Meaux, 77100 Meaux, France;
| | - Neila Sedira
- Centre Hospitalier National des Quinze-Vingts, CIC 1423, DHU Sight Restore, 28 rue de Charenton, Sorbonne-Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), 75012 Paris, France; (M.D.); (S.T.); (A.C.); (E.H.); (C.H.); (V.T.); (C.K.); (J.B.); (N.S.); (S.B.); (J.-A.S.); (L.M.); (F.B.-B.); (M.P.)
| | - Stéphane Bertin
- Centre Hospitalier National des Quinze-Vingts, CIC 1423, DHU Sight Restore, 28 rue de Charenton, Sorbonne-Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), 75012 Paris, France; (M.D.); (S.T.); (A.C.); (E.H.); (C.H.); (V.T.); (C.K.); (J.B.); (N.S.); (S.B.); (J.-A.S.); (L.M.); (F.B.-B.); (M.P.)
| | - Sylvain Choquet
- Department of Hematology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France;
| | - José-Alain Sahel
- Centre Hospitalier National des Quinze-Vingts, CIC 1423, DHU Sight Restore, 28 rue de Charenton, Sorbonne-Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), 75012 Paris, France; (M.D.); (S.T.); (A.C.); (E.H.); (C.H.); (V.T.); (C.K.); (J.B.); (N.S.); (S.B.); (J.-A.S.); (L.M.); (F.B.-B.); (M.P.)
- Ophthalmology Service, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 75012, USA; (A.W.E.); (G.R.B.); (D.S.G.)
| | - Lilia Merabet
- Centre Hospitalier National des Quinze-Vingts, CIC 1423, DHU Sight Restore, 28 rue de Charenton, Sorbonne-Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), 75012 Paris, France; (M.D.); (S.T.); (A.C.); (E.H.); (C.H.); (V.T.); (C.K.); (J.B.); (N.S.); (S.B.); (J.-A.S.); (L.M.); (F.B.-B.); (M.P.)
| | - Françoise Brignole-Baudouin
- Centre Hospitalier National des Quinze-Vingts, CIC 1423, DHU Sight Restore, 28 rue de Charenton, Sorbonne-Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), 75012 Paris, France; (M.D.); (S.T.); (A.C.); (E.H.); (C.H.); (V.T.); (C.K.); (J.B.); (N.S.); (S.B.); (J.-A.S.); (L.M.); (F.B.-B.); (M.P.)
- Sorbonne Universités, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Marc Putterman
- Centre Hospitalier National des Quinze-Vingts, CIC 1423, DHU Sight Restore, 28 rue de Charenton, Sorbonne-Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), 75012 Paris, France; (M.D.); (S.T.); (A.C.); (E.H.); (C.H.); (V.T.); (C.K.); (J.B.); (N.S.); (S.B.); (J.-A.S.); (L.M.); (F.B.-B.); (M.P.)
| | - Marie-Hélène Errera
- Centre Hospitalier National des Quinze-Vingts, CIC 1423, DHU Sight Restore, 28 rue de Charenton, Sorbonne-Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), 75012 Paris, France; (M.D.); (S.T.); (A.C.); (E.H.); (C.H.); (V.T.); (C.K.); (J.B.); (N.S.); (S.B.); (J.-A.S.); (L.M.); (F.B.-B.); (M.P.)
- Ophthalmology Service, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 75012, USA; (A.W.E.); (G.R.B.); (D.S.G.)
- Correspondence:
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24
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Paxton AB, Micieli JA. Diagnosis of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia After Presentation to Neuro-Ophthalmology. J Neuroophthalmol 2022; 42:e181-e186. [PMID: 34483332 DOI: 10.1097/wno.0000000000001259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APML) is a medical emergency that can initially present with neuro-ophthalmologic signs. Early recognition is crucial, and immediate treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) can be life-saving. The goal of this study was to describe patients who first presented to neuro-ophthalmology and were subsequently diagnosed with APML. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients seen at a tertiary neuro-ophthalmology centre. Patients with an unknown diagnosis of APML at presentation who subsequently went on to receive this diagnosis were included. Clinical characteristics, neuro-ophthalmologic findings, and outcome were retrieved. RESULTS A total of 3 patients (2 women and 1 men) with a mean age of 30.7 (range 24-33) years were included in the study. Neuro-ophthalmologic diagnoses at presentation were severe hemorrhagic papilledema related to dural venous sinus thrombosis, hemorrhagic bilateral optic disc edema, and left homonymous hemianopia related to an occipital lobe hemorrhage. At diagnosis, the average hemoglobin was 83.7g/L (range 78-104), and the platelet count was 39.3 × 109/L (range 15-77). All patients were treated with ATRA and ATO. One patient developed papilledema and sixth nerve palsies related to this treatment, which resolved with acetazolamide. Clinical follow-up ranged from 6 to 12 months, and all patients were in clinical remission about systemic APML. CONCLUSION Neuro-ophthalmologic symptoms may be the first manifestations of APML, and a complete blood count is an essential test in patients presenting with optic disc edema, especially if hemorrhagic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Paxton
- Faculty of Medicine (ABP), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada ; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada ; Kensington Vision and Research Centre (JAM), Toronto, Canada ; and Division of Neurology (JAM), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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25
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Mirshahi R, Ghassemi F, Koochakzadeh L, Faranoush M, Ghomi Z, Mehrvar A, Mousavi SA, Safaee Nodehi SR. Ocular Manifestations of Newly Diagnosed Acute Leukemia Patients. J Curr Ophthalmol 2022; 34:100-105. [PMID: 35620369 PMCID: PMC9128435 DOI: 10.4103/joco.joco_10_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To present primary ocular manifestations in acute leukemia. Methods This cross-sectional descriptive hospital-based study evaluated all newly diagnosed leukemia patients of three referral hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2015-2016 and Mahak Hospital in Tehran in 2017. Exclusion criteria included the patients with the previous history of chemotherapy, cases of relapsing disease, and the patients with a history of ocular disease or other systemic conditions with ophthalmic manifestations. Results A total of 85 patients (170 eyes) were evaluated in our study, including 29 children (34.1%) and 43 females (50.6%). The mean patient age was 37.84 ± 11.91 years in the adult group and 6.28 ± 4.70 years in the pediatric category. Ophthalmic involvement was seen in 27 patients (31.8%), including 6 pediatric patients (20.7%) and 21 adult patients (37.5%). Two patients (2.3%) had direct infiltration by leukemic cells and 76 patients (89.41%) of patients were asymptomatic. There was a correlation between ophthalmic involvement and platelet count and hemoglobin level. In patients with ocular signs, higher mortality rates were observed. Conclusions At the time of diagnosis in acute leukemia patients, complete ophthalmic evaluation including dilated fundus examination is suggested as ocular involvement in these patients is common and sometimes asymptomatic. Ophthalmic involvement in leukemic patients should be identified in a timely manner, particularly in individuals with low platelet counts and hemoglobin levels, due to the potential prognostic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Mirshahi
- Eye Research Center, The Five Senses Institute, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Ghassemi
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leili Koochakzadeh
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Faranoush
- Pediatric Growth and Development Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ghomi
- Department of Radiology, Shohada-E-Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azim Mehrvar
- MAHAK Hematology Oncology Research Center, MAHAK Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Asadollah Mousavi
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Reza Safaee Nodehi
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran, Iran
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26
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Bukhari ZM, Alzahrani A, Alqarni MS, Alajmi RS, Alzahrani A, Almarzouki H, Alqahtani AS. Ophthalmic Manifestations in Acute Leukemia Patients and Their Relation With Hematological Parameters in a Tertiary Care Center. Cureus 2021; 13:e19384. [PMID: 34925986 PMCID: PMC8655321 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Leukemia is a neoplastic disorder that affects blood and bone marrow and is characterized by white blood cells' abnormal proliferation. Leukemia patients may present with different ophthalmic manifestations. This study aims to provide an updated data about the prevalence and types of ocular manifestations in acute leukemia patients and their relation with the hematological parameters. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included all acute leukemia patients diagnosed from 2015 to 2020 and underwent an ophthalmic examination during this period at King Abdulaziz Medical City in Jeddah. Results: Eighty-one patients met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and had ophthalmic examinations. Forty-three (53.1%) patients were males, and 38 (46.9%) patients were females. Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) was diagnosed in 55 (67.9%) patients, while acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) was diagnosed only in 26 (32.1%). Ophthalmic manifestations were observed in 23 patients with a prevalence of 28.4%. AML patients had more manifestations with a rate of 38.5%. ALL had a rate of 23.6% (p=0.1). Retinal hemorrhage was the most commonly seen manifestation in six patients. Conclusion: Ophthalmic manifestations are not uncommon in acute leukemia patients. Low hemoglobin and RBC could give an idea about the type of ophthalmic manifestation, not the presence or absence. It is highly recommended to examine acute leukemia patients routinely prior, during, and after the treatment to prevent serious ocular damage and monitor the course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad M Bukhari
- Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, SAU.,Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Abdulmalek Alzahrani
- Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, SAU.,Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Mohammed S Alqarni
- Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, SAU.,Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Rakan S Alajmi
- Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Ali Alzahrani
- Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Hashim Almarzouki
- Ophthalmology, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Abdullah S Alqahtani
- Ophthalmology, King Abdullah Medical Complex, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Ophthalmic involvement in acute leukemia is common, with 36% of patients having ophthalmic involvement at the time of diagnosis. However, neuro-ophthalmic involvement is relatively rare. We present a characterization of neuro-ophthalmic findings in patients with acute leukemia and discuss the implications of these findings on patient management and prognosis. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of cases of acute leukemia with central nervous system (CNS) involvement and neuro-ophthalmic manifestations that were evaluated at the Wilmer Eye Institute between January 2013 and September 2019. Data collected included demographic information, leukemia details, results of diagnostic testing, and features of associated neuro-ophthalmic manifestations. RESULTS Twelve patients with mean age 42 years (range 9-65, median 39) were included. Seven (58%) patients were men and 5 (42%) women. Eight (67%) were diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia and 4 (33%) with acute lymphoid leukemia. Neuro-ophthalmic findings included 4 patients with isolated sixth nerve palsies, 2 with multiple cranial nerve palsies, 2 with orbital lesions with proptosis, 4 with optic disc swelling, and 1 with isolated fourth nerve palsy. Five (42%) neuro-ophthalmic presentations were associated with known CNS disease, 3 (25%) were associated with active disease but heralded the discovery of CNS involvement, 3 (25%) were the presenting features of relapse, and 1 (8%) led to the original leukemia diagnosis. Neuroimaging showed 4 with leptomeningeal enhancement, 4 with cranial nerve enhancement/thickening, 3 with optic nerve/sheath enhancement, 1 with lytic lesion of bone, 1 with soft tissue mass, and 1 with cytotoxic brain edema. One case had normal neuroimaging. Overall, patients had a poor prognosis, with 7 patients dying from leukemia or its complications and only 1 achieving a sustained remission. In 58% of the cases in our series, the discovery of neuro-ophthalmic leukemic involvement directly led to a change in leukemia treatment. CONCLUSIONS Neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of leukemia may occur as presenting features of diagnosis, relapse, or CNS involvement, and portend a poor prognosis. Detection of neuro-ophthalmic involvement often triggers a prompt change in management. Therefore, familiarity with potential neuro-ophthalmic presentations of acute leukemia may avoid delayed diagnosis, and resultant inadequate treatment, of primary disease, relapse, or CNS involvement.
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A Case of Recurrent Orbital Inflammation Secondary to Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia. J Neuroophthalmol 2021; 41:e319-e321. [PMID: 33109999 DOI: 10.1097/wno.0000000000001114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Orbital Swelling and Ptosis as an Initial Presentation of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Case Rep Pediatr 2021; 2021:5587767. [PMID: 34123451 PMCID: PMC8189805 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5587767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We are reporting the case of a 3-year-old-girl who initially presented with unilateral eyelid swelling and ptosis. A diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) was eventually made based on an orbital incisional biopsy and a bone marrow examination. Historically, orbital involvement had been linked to myeloid leukaemia; however, in lymphoid leukaemia, they are increasingly being implicated and had been reported as the sole presentation of the disease. These findings stress the importance of conducting ophthalmologic assessments in cases diagnosed with ALL in order to prevent delays in proper assessment and treatment. Management options in orbital disease are fortunately not significantly different than well-established treatment protocols.
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30
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Gawas L, Sahoo N, Khalsa A, Kelgaonkar A. Eye: the door to undiagnosed chronic myeloid leukaemia. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:14/5/e240949. [PMID: 34031076 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-240949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm that can present in varied ways from incidental finding on haemogram to symptomatic presentation such as splenomegaly. We report an interesting case of a 22-year-old man who presented with loss of vision in right eye for 1 month. There were no pre-existing ocular or systemic diseases. On detailed ocular examination, a diagnosis of right eye rubeosis iridis, hyphaema, cataract and vitreous haemorrhage with left eye suspected leukaemic retinopathy was made. Routine haemogram revealed high leucocytosis. Systemic evaluation with investigations confirmed the diagnosis of CML and the patient was started on appropriate therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisika Gawas
- Glaucoma Services, LV Prasad Eye Institute Bhubaneswar Campus, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Nibedita Sahoo
- Glaucoma Services, LV Prasad Eye Institute Bhubaneswar Campus, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ashish Khalsa
- Vitreoretinal Services, LV Prasad Eye Institute Bhubaneswar Campus, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Anup Kelgaonkar
- Vitreoretinal Services, LV Prasad Eye Institute Bhubaneswar Campus, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Khair D, Mehanna CJ, Ghannam AB, Kheir WJ. Bilateral retinal artery occlusions as the first manifestation of extramedullary central nervous system involvement in relapsed acute myeloid leukaemia. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:14/4/e239795. [PMID: 33811093 PMCID: PMC8023648 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-239795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal artery and vein occlusion are rare devastating complications of central nervous system (CNS) leukaemic infiltrates of the retina and its vasculature. Only a handful of reports exist wherein CNS relapse presents with retinal vascular occlusions. This is usually accompanied by optic nerve swelling and subretinal infiltrates. We present a case of bilateral retinal artery occlusion as a first manifestation of CNS relapse in a patient with acute myeloid leukaemia without optic disc oedema and retinal infiltrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Khair
- Ophthalmology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Carl-Joe Mehanna
- Ophthalmology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Alaa Bou Ghannam
- Ophthalmology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Wajiha Jurdi Kheir
- Ophthalmology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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A novel OCT signature in leukemic papillopathy masquerading as autoimmune or infectious uveitis. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2021; 259:1315-1322. [PMID: 33394161 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-020-05055-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE With therapeutic advances, central nervous system (CNS) involvement in leukemia has become more common. Leukemic optic disc infiltration, often a clinical diagnosis, can present as an isolated finding in primary or relapsed CNS disease and therefore requires early recognition. Not previously well appreciated, we report here signs of intraocular inflammation accompanying leukemic optic disc infiltration, suggesting infectious or non-infectious uveitis as an alternative diagnosis. We describe a novel optical coherence tomography (OCT) sign favoring leukemic infiltration. METHODS Retrospective consecutive case series of all leukemic patients with disc edema (5 patients, 6 eyes) presenting to the University of Michigan's Ocular Oncology Clinic between October 2019 and March 2020. RESULTS We report five leukemic patients (6 eyes) who were evaluated for disc edema and vitritis and eventually diagnosed with leukemic papillopathy. All five patients initially had a bland lumbar puncture (LP), and all four patients who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) had no retrobulbar nerve involvement. Clinical findings included preserved visual acuity (n = 5 eyes, 83%), anterior chamber (AC) cell (n = 3 eyes, 50%), vitreous cell (n = 6 eyes, 100%), and retinal whitening (n = 4 eyes, 66%). In five eyes (83%), a diagnosis of infectious or non-infectious uveitis was initially considered. The OCT finding of inner retinal thickening and loss of inner retinal lamination with largely preserved outer retinal architecture helped point towards a leukemic infiltrative process emanating from the disc and spreading retrograde through the nerve fiber layer. CONCLUSIONS These cases highlight the difficulty of distinguishing intraocular inflammation associated with leukemic papillopathy from infectious or non-infectious uveitis, especially considering bland LP and negative retrobulbar MRI signal in all our patients. We propose juxtapapillary inner retinal infiltration with the loss of inner retinal lamination and relative preservation of outer retinal architecture on OCT imaging as a finding that supports the diagnosis of leukemic papillopathy.
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Wang L, Ashraf DC, Kinde B, Ohgami RS, Kumar J, Kersten RC. Hypodiploid B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia Presenting as an Isolated Orbital Mass Prior to Systemic Involvement: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 11:diagnostics11010025. [PMID: 33375646 PMCID: PMC7824143 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a 4-year-old boy who presented with progressive right periorbital edema and proptosis, with no systemic symptoms, who was found to have B-lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an enhancing mass centered in the right superolateral extraconal orbit. Orbital biopsy was consistent with B-ALL (CD99, TdT, LCA cocktail, CD34, CD79, CD10, PAX5, MIB1 positive; CD3, CD20 negative). A subsequent bone marrow aspirate confirmed a diagnosis of B-ALL with 80% blasts by flow cytometry and haploid cytogenetic findings. The patient improved clinically after chemotherapy. There are seven cases previously reported in the literature with hematogenous orbital masses at initial presentation of childhood ALL, but all with systemic symptoms or an abnormal complete blood count (CBC) at presentation. Our case is the first report in which an orbital mass preceded detectable systemic or laboratory evidence of ALL. This patient highlights the importance of differentiating benign causes of eyelid swelling from malignant ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310002, China;
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (D.C.A.); (B.K.)
| | - Davin C. Ashraf
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (D.C.A.); (B.K.)
| | - Benyam Kinde
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (D.C.A.); (B.K.)
| | - Robert S. Ohgami
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Jyoti Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Robert C. Kersten
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (D.C.A.); (B.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(415)-353-2142; Fax: +1-(415)-476-0336
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Hsia NY, Lin CJ, Lin HJ, Wu KH. Foveal photoreceptors loss and then recovery after treatment in a chronic myelogenous leukemia patient. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2020; 37:545-548. [PMID: 32364423 DOI: 10.1080/08880018.2020.1760408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We report a 10-year-old boy with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)-related retinopathy of the eyes. Foveal photoreceptors loss was noted in the right eye, but it was restored with a continued ellipsoid zone after systemic 6-week imatinib mesylate and hydroxyurea treatment. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography images of the foveal photoreceptors change in the right eye were taken. His best-corrected visual acuity of the right eye recovered from 20/100 to 20/20. Prompt treatment of the underlying CML could result in improvement or resolution of the ocular findings, and even foveal photoreceptors loss might be reversible with good visual acuity recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Yi Hsia
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Optometry, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ju Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Optometry, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ju Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Hsi Wu
- Department of Hematology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Rangel CM, Ortiz Á, Sánchez-Ávila R, Varón C, Cárdenas PL, Escaf LC, Jaramillo D, Rodriguez H. Ophthalmological findings in patients with leukaemia in a Colombian population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 96:242-250. [PMID: 32828605 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftal.2020.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the ocular manifestations in patients with leukaemia. METHODS This is a retrospective, descriptive and observational study in patients with ocular manifestations of leukaemia. RESULTS A total of 14 eyes were evaluated corresponding to 8 patients (5 women and 3 men) with ocular manifestations of leukaemia. The mean age at diagnosis was 43 years (31-76 years). Six eyes corresponded to patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), four eyes to acute lymphoid leukaemia (ALL), two eyes to chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), and the remaining two belonged to patients with hairy cell leukaemia (HCL). The primary ocular findings were choroidal invasion in 12 eyes (85.7%), retinal infiltration in 4 eyes (28.6%), and neuro-ophthalmic disorders in 4 eyes (28.6%). The mean visual acuity improved from 0.689 to 0.449 (logMAR) (P=.012) after the systemic and intrathecal chemotherapy. Of the eight patients, four died from systemic complications of the underlying disease. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of multiple ocular manifestations secondary to leukaemia in a Colombian population. It is important to keep in mind that this disease is included within the masquerade syndromes and that the ophthalmological findings that, while subtle, can also be devastating and be signs of a life-threatening disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Rangel
- Retina y Vítreo, Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander-Clínica Carlos Ardila Lülle (FOSCAL), Floridablanca, Colombia
| | - Á Ortiz
- Neurooftalmología, Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander-Clínica Carlos Ardila Lülle (FOSCAL), Floridablanca, Colombia
| | - R Sánchez-Ávila
- Oftalmología, Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, España
| | - C Varón
- Retina y Vítreo, Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander-Clínica Carlos Ardila Lülle (FOSCAL), Floridablanca, Colombia
| | - P L Cárdenas
- Neurooftalmología, Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander-Clínica Carlos Ardila Lülle (FOSCAL), Floridablanca, Colombia
| | - L C Escaf
- Oftalmología, Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander-Clínica Carlos Ardila Lülle (FOSCAL), Floridablanca, Colombia.
| | - D Jaramillo
- Oftalmología, Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander-Clínica Carlos Ardila Lülle (FOSCAL), Floridablanca, Colombia
| | - H Rodriguez
- Oftalmología, Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander-Clínica Carlos Ardila Lülle (FOSCAL), Floridablanca, Colombia
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Dormegny L, Messerlin A, Speeg-Schatz C, Gaucher D. Bilateral macular Roth spots as initial presentation of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in an adult. J Fr Ophtalmol 2020; 43:1114-1116. [PMID: 32807546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Dormegny
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
| | - A Messerlin
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - C Speeg-Schatz
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - D Gaucher
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Bentata R, Chan H, Coste V, Delyfer MN, Ducassou S, Léger F, Korobelnik JF. [Pseudo-hypopyon secondary to a meningeal recurrence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Case report]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2020; 43:e259-e261. [PMID: 32800420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Bentata
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU Pellegrin, place Amélie-Raba-Léon, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, rue Léo-Saignat, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - H Chan
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU Pellegrin, place Amélie-Raba-Léon, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, rue Léo-Saignat, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - V Coste
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU Pellegrin, place Amélie-Raba-Léon, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, rue Léo-Saignat, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - M-N Delyfer
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU Pellegrin, place Amélie-Raba-Léon, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, rue Léo-Saignat, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - S Ducassou
- Université de Bordeaux, rue Léo-Saignat, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Service d'onco-hématologie pédiatrique, CHU Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
| | - F Léger
- Université de Bordeaux, rue Léo-Saignat, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Service d'anatomopathologie, CHU Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
| | - J-F Korobelnik
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU Pellegrin, place Amélie-Raba-Léon, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, rue Léo-Saignat, 33000 Bordeaux, France
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„Hand, Fuß, Auge?“. Ophthalmologe 2020; 117:697-699. [DOI: 10.1007/s00347-019-01018-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Vicini G, Nicolosi C, Malandrino D, Tozzetti C, Rizzo S, Sodi A. Leukostasis retinopathy with leukemic infiltrates as onset manifestation of chronic myeloid leukemia: a case report. Eur J Ophthalmol 2020; 31:NP116-NP121. [PMID: 32476461 DOI: 10.1177/1120672120930679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe a case of retinopathy as onset manifestation of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), successfully treated with leukapheresis and medical therapy. METHODS A 28-year-old male patient presented complaining painless acute visual impairment in his right eye (RE). He reported moderate asthenia and episodes of night sweats during the previous month. His past medical history was unremarkable. BCVA at presentation was 20/80 in RE and 20/32 in left eye (LE). Fundus examination revealed venous congestion, diffuse Roth spots, and whitish macular infiltrates in both eyes. OCT showed hyperreflective foveal infiltrates, in both eyes. Blood test showed markedly elevated white blood cells (WBCs) count (430 × 103/mm3). Clinical-instrumental examination revealed hepatosplenomegaly. These features were consistent with CML. The patient was treated with leukapheresis and nilotinib. RESULTS After 2 weeks of treatment, the WBCs count dropped (71 × 103/mm3), and the patient reported subjective improvement of symptoms. At 1-month follow-up, BCVA and retinopathy signs were improved in both eyes. OCT showed the almost complete resolution of foveal infiltrates with ellipsoid zone focal defects. At 4-months follow-up, we observed complete resolution of retinopathy. BCVA was 20/32 in RE and 20/25 in LE. OCT showed the persistence of ellipsoid zone focal defects in RE and complete anatomical restoration in LE. At 6-months follow-up, the patient was clinically well and his WBCs count was normal. CONCLUSION In our case, the CML-related retinopathy represented the onset sign of the underlying systemic pathology, leading to proper management and treatment, with hematological normalization and resolution of the retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Vicini
- Eye Clinic, Neuromuscular and Sense Organs Department, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Cristina Nicolosi
- Eye Clinic, Neuromuscular and Sense Organs Department, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Danilo Malandrino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Camilla Tozzetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Stanislao Rizzo
- Ophthalmology Unit, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Sodi
- Eye Clinic, Neuromuscular and Sense Organs Department, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Acute lymphocytic leukemia masquerading as acute retinal necrosis. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2020; 18:100629. [PMID: 32258824 PMCID: PMC7125310 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2020.100629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To report a case of B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) relapse presenting as acute retinal necrosis. Observations An 11-year old boy with history of B-cell ALL undergoing maintenance therapy presented with a three-month history of intermittent blurry vision and pain in the right eye when a routine lumbar puncture indicated an elevated lymphoblast-predominant white blood cell count. Bone marrow biopsy revealed 42% lymphoblasts, confirming ALL relapse. Ophthalmic imaging demonstrated a hyperemic optic disc, retinal whitening, perivascular sheathing, retinal hemorrhages, and retinal detachment in the right eye. Vitreous fluid biopsy revealed presence of rare atypical lymphoblasts. Chemotherapy, orbital radiation, and systemic prednisone resulted in improvement of visual acuity and retinal hemorrhages, and resolution of retinal detachment. Conclusions and importance We have described the clinical features, treatment, and response in a case of B-cell ALL relapse with presenting signs of acute retinal necrosis. The uncommon finding in B-cell ALL highlights the possibility of intraocular involvement and the importance of routine ophthalmologic evaluation in leukemia remission.
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Uhr JH, Thau A, Chung C, Zhang XC. Rare Presentation of Bilateral Central Retinal Vein Occlusion and Leukemic Retinopathy in a Young Adult Diagnosed with T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Cureus 2020; 12:e6666. [PMID: 32089973 PMCID: PMC7021241 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.6666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous bilateral central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) is a rare presentation that warrants consideration of an underlying hyperviscosity state. Increased serum viscosity can lead to the hematologic emergency of leukostasis with resultant vascular obstruction and hypoxic tissue damage. The following case demonstrates the first case of bilateral CRVO in a young adult secondary to acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). A 23-year-old female presented to the emergency department (ED) with two days of worsening bilateral blurry vision and bitemporal headache. Her ocular exam was significant for bilateral intraretinal hemorrhages consistent with CRVO with chest radiograph demonstrating widened mediastinum with perihilar lymphadenopathy and serologic testing revealing ALL with blast crisis. The patient was subsequently admitted to the oncology service for induction chemotherapy. Patients with new headache and bilateral vision changes should prompt a thorough neurological and ophthalmologic exam to assess for underlying systemic pathologies. Concurrent bilateral CRVO is a rare but specific finding for systemic hyperviscosity syndrome, blood dyscrasia, polycythemia, or other serious illness. Early recognition and treatment of the underlying condition can prevent further vision loss and overall morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua H Uhr
- Ophthalmology, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Avrey Thau
- Ophthalmology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | - Xiao Chi Zhang
- Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
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Singh A, Panyala R, Mahesh M, Samanta R. An unusual association of Morning Glory Syndrome with chronic myeloid leukemia-Philadelphia chromosome. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:4456-4459. [PMID: 33110885 PMCID: PMC7586549 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_892_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Morning glory disc anomaly (MGDA) is a rare congenital malformation that results from the incomplete formation of the optic nerve in utero. The majority of the patients have unilateral involvement and poor vision leading to sensory strabismus. Morning Glory Syndrome (MGS) may be a part of other syndromes and systemic abnormalities like transsphenoidal basal encephalocele, midfacial malformations, absent optic chiasma, MoyaMoya syndrome, and renal agenesis. In the present report, we describe a patient with a large disc with an excavated posterior scleral opening with a white glial tuft at the centre. The blood vessels were increased in number and arranged radially from the disc with peripapillary hyperpigmentation in clumps. Funnel-shaped excavation of the posterior globe was also noted on MRI. Associated ocular features were microcornea, nystagmus, esotropia, and systemic features included chronic myeloid leukemia- Philadelphia chromosome (CML-PC) and empty sella turcica. We report an unusual association of MGS with CML-PC.
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43
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Christiansen JS, Gaddh M, Wells J. An uncommon presentation of chronic myeloid leukemia. Ann Hematol 2019; 99:357-358. [PMID: 31788723 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-019-03869-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Manila Gaddh
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jill Wells
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Skarsgård LS, Andersson MK, Persson M, Larsen AC, Coupland SE, Stenman G, Heegaard S. Clinical and genomic features of adult and paediatric acute leukaemias with ophthalmic manifestations. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2019; 4:e000362. [PMID: 31673633 PMCID: PMC6797369 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2019-000362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To describe the clinicopathological and genomic features of nine patients with primary and secondary orbital/ocular manifestations of leukaemia. Methods All orbital/ocular leukaemic specimens from 1980 to 2009 were collected from the Danish Register of Pathology. In six cases, medical records and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks were available. Three cases from the Department of Pathology, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, were also included. Immunophenotypes and MYB oncoprotein expression were ascertained by immunohistochemistry. Genomic imbalances were analysed with comparative genomic hybridisation arrays and oncogene rearrangements with fluorescence in situ hybridisation. Results Four patients had B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (BCP-ALL) and five had acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Two patients with BCP-ALL and one with AML had primary orbital manifestations of leukaemia. Common symptoms were proptosis, displacement of the eye, and reduced eye mobility in patients with orbital leukaemias and pain, and reduced visual acuity in patients with ocular leukaemias. All patients with primary orbital lesions were alive up to 18 years after diagnosis. All but one patient with secondary ophthalmic manifestations died of relapse/disseminated disease. ETV6 and RUNX1 were rearranged in BCP-ALL, and RUNX1 and KMT2A in AML. Genomic profiling revealed quiet genomes (0–7 aberrations/case). The MYB oncoprotein was overexpressed in the majority of cases. Conclusions Leukaemias with and without ophthalmic manifestations have similar immunophenotypes, translocations/gene fusions and copy number alterations. Awareness of the clinical spectrum of leukaemic lesions of the eye or ocular region is important to quickly establish the correct diagnosis and commence prompt treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Stenman Skarsgård
- Department of Surgery, Ostfold Hospital Trust, Fredrikstad, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mattias K Andersson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marta Persson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann-Cathrine Larsen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Sarah E Coupland
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Göran Stenman
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Steffen Heegaard
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
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Ilo OT, Adenekan AO, Alabi AS, Onakoya AO, Aribaba OT, Kehinde MO, Salako O. Ocular manifestations of leukaemia: A teaching hospital experience. Niger Postgrad Med J 2019; 26:205-210. [PMID: 31621659 DOI: 10.4103/npmj.npmj_50_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Knowledge of the ophthalmic manifestations of leukaemia is important not only because of the frequency with which changes are seen but because the eye often reflects the disease state of the illness, and once identified, prompt referral, early treatment can be instigated, blindness can be averted and a life may be saved. These manifestations are often overlooked because of the underestimation of the magnitude of the ocular sequelae which may be blinding. Aim This study aims to describe the ophthalmic findings in adult leukaemic patients at two teaching hospitals in Lagos, Nigeria. Patients and Methods This was a clinic-based, comparison multicentre study conducted at Lagos University Teaching Hospital and Lagos State University Teaching Hospital over a 9-month period of May 2012-January 2013. The cases were newly diagnosed leukaemic patients (acute and chronic) from the haematology clinics. Controls were escorts of apparently normal patients. Detailed ocular examination was carried out after written informed consent was obtained. Analysis was done using SPSS 17. Results A total of 160 eyes in 80 individuals examined comprised forty cases and forty controls. The results of the cases were compared with the age- and sex-matched controls. Leukaemic-related ophthalmic manifestations were present in 56 eyes (70.0%) of the cases studied. Findings in cases were periorbital oedema in 8 eyes (10%), subconjunctival haemorrhage in four eyes (5%), intraretinal haemorrhage as found in 25 eyes (31.3%), retinal venous tortuosity in 21 eyes (26.3%), Roth spots in 19 eyes (23.8%) and retinal infiltrates in 17 eyes (21.3%). Conclusion Ophthalmic disorders occur in adult patients living with leukaemia. Prompt initial and periodic ophthalmic evaluation is recommended in all leukaemic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adetunji O Adenekan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Adeola O Onakoya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Omolola Salako
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
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Touhami S, Audo I, Terrada C, Gaudric A, LeHoang P, Touitou V, Bodaghi B. Neoplasia and intraocular inflammation: From masquerade syndromes to immunotherapy-induced uveitis. Prog Retin Eye Res 2019; 72:100761. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Retinal and Preretinal Hemorrhages in a Patient Receiving Hyper-CVAD Chemotherapy for T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Case Rep Ophthalmol Med 2019; 2018:9457549. [PMID: 30627471 PMCID: PMC6304476 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9457549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, adriamycin, and dexamethasone (Hyper-CVAD) is an important chemotherapeutic regimen for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. We present a case of a 23-year-old male with T-cell ALL and visual acuity of 20/20 in the right eye and 20/25 in the left eye who developed significant changes in his vision after starting Hyper-CVAD therapy. The patient initially presented with cotton wool spots in the fundus shortly after starting the regimen. After going through the induction phase of chemotherapy, he had a sudden decline in his vision to light perception in the left eye. Posterior segment exam revealed retinal ischemia and multilayered hemorrhages in both eyes as well as a large preretinal hemorrhage obscuring the fovea in the left eye. Labs associated the appearance of these hemorrhages with a significant decrease in hemoglobin and a platelet count of 5 K/μL. A Nd:YAG laser applied in the left eye at the posterior hyaloid face allowed blood to drain into the vitreous cavity and brought the patient's visual acuity back to baseline. Hyper-CVAD is an aggressive chemotherapy regimen that can cause severe thrombocytopenia secondary to myelosuppression. Frequent retinal evaluations and timely intervention is advisable in these cases as extensive intraretinal hemorrhages may cause irreversible damage.
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Ocular manifestations in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A five-year cohort study of pediatric patients. Leuk Res 2019; 76:24-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Stein AP, Norris RE, Shah JR. Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia presenting with periorbital edema. OTOLARYNGOLOGY CASE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xocr.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Alsurabi A, Souley Youssoufou AS, El Aoutassi N, Rabii H, Mikdam M, Reda K, Oubaaz A. [Massive bilateral infiltration of the retina and the optic nerve head secondary to a relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia - case report]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2018; 41:e429-e432. [PMID: 30366623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2017.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Alsurabi
- Université Mohammed V, hôpital militaire d'instruction Mohamed V Rabat-Maroc, , 10170 Rabat, Maroc.
| | - A S Souley Youssoufou
- Université Mohammed V, hôpital militaire d'instruction Mohamed V Rabat-Maroc, , 10170 Rabat, Maroc
| | - N El Aoutassi
- Université Mohammed V, hôpital militaire d'instruction Mohamed V Rabat-Maroc, , 10170 Rabat, Maroc
| | - H Rabii
- Université Mohammed V, hôpital militaire d'instruction Mohamed V Rabat-Maroc, , 10170 Rabat, Maroc
| | - M Mikdam
- Université Mohammed V, hôpital militaire d'instruction Mohamed V Rabat-Maroc, , 10170 Rabat, Maroc
| | - K Reda
- Université Mohammed V, hôpital militaire d'instruction Mohamed V Rabat-Maroc, , 10170 Rabat, Maroc
| | - A Oubaaz
- Université Mohammed V, hôpital militaire d'instruction Mohamed V Rabat-Maroc, , 10170 Rabat, Maroc
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