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Fan SX, Cai QY, Wang XH, Li Q, Chen H. [Successful treatment of high-risk pulmonary embolism with low-dose anticoagulation: a case report]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 2024; 47:450-454. [PMID: 38706067 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20231102-00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Reperfusion is considered as the cornerstone of the treatment of high-risk pulmonary embolism (PE). However, when thrombolysis is contraindicated and surgery or interventional therapy is not available, the treatment of high-risk PE becomes very difficult. To our knowledge, there are no reports of successful treatment of high-risk PE with low-dose anticoagulation. On November 30, 2021, a 56-year-old male patient with subarachnoid hemorrhage was admitted to the emergency department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. On the second day of admission, the patient suddenly went into shock during aneurysm clipping. After implementing D-dimer, markers of myocardial injury, echocardiography and computed tomography pulmonary angiography, a high-risk PE was diagnosed. Due to the contraindication of thrombolysis and the refusal of endovascular treatment, he was eventually cured with low-dose anticoagulation combined with vasopressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S X Fan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Q Y Cai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - X H Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Q Li
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - H Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Fan SX, Liang JQ, Wang J, Zhou C, Zhou SY, Wang M, Zeng P. Macular blood flow changes in dysthyroid optic neuropathy after high-dose intravenous pulse methylprednisolone (IVMP). Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 45:103935. [PMID: 38104706 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the changes in macular vessel density (VD) of the superficial layer of retina (SLR) and deep layer of retina (DLR) in dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) after high-dose intravenous pulse methylprednisolone (IVMP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighteen DON patients (29 eyes) who completed high-dose IVMP and 16 healthy individuals (32 eyes) were enrolled in this study. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) image analysis and comprehensive ophthalmic examinations were performed, including the SLR macular whole-image VD (SLR-mwiVD) and DLR-mwiVD, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), the mean deviation of visual field (VF-MD), pattern standard deviation of visual field (VF-PSD) and the other parameters. RESULTS The SLR-mwiVD (41.39 ± 4.71 vs. 48.13 ± 3.68, p < 0.001) and DLR-mwiVD (40.77 ± 5.85 vs. 49.14 ± 7.02, p < 0.001) were decreased in DON compared to control eyes. After IVMP, visual function parameters were improved, and SLR-mwiVD (49.41 ± 3.18, p < 0.001) and DLR-mwiVD (50.41 ± 4.04, p < 0.001) were increased in the DON group compared to pretreatment. The increased SLR-mwiVD and DLR-mwiVD were significantly correlated with improvements in BCVA (Log MAR: from 0.62 ± 0.49 to -0.01 ± 0.03, p < 0.001), VF-MD (from - 6.89 ± 2.89 dB to - 1.75 ± 1.29 dB, p < 0.001) and VF-PSD (from 4.38 ± 2.52 dB to 2.32 ± 1.64 dB, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The increase in macular VD was significantly correlated with the improvement in visual function in DON after IVMP. Macular VD changes on OCTA may be a useful indicator for the response in DON after IVMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Xian Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Address: #107 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Qi Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Address: #107 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Address: #107 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Address: #107 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-You Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, #54 South Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Address: #107 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou 510120, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peng Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Address: #107 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou 510120, People's Republic of China.
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Fan SX, Wang WH, Zeng P, Huang KZ, Hu YX, Wang J, Li YQ, Xiao JH. Ocular manifestations and quality of life in patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Int J Ophthalmol 2023; 16:1138-1144. [PMID: 37465516 PMCID: PMC10333240 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2023.07.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the relationship between ocular and systemic conditions and the impact of ocular complications on the quality of life (QOL) in patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ALLO-HSCT). METHODS Forty-four patients with severe hematopoietic disease were enrolled after ALLO-HSCT at our center from July 2018 to October 2020. They completed two questionnaires: the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and the quality-of-life scale for Chinese patients with visual impairment (SQOL-DV1). Ocular conditions and systemic conditions were also assessed. RESULTS Eye damage was correlated with total bilirubin (P=0.005), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) (P=0.021). There was no significant correlation between the overall QOL score and OSDI (P=0.8226) or SQOL-DV1 (P=0.9526) scores. The OSDI and the overall QOL score were not correlated with ocular conditions, including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure, Schirmer tear test II, sodium fluorescein staining, tear film breakup time, and tear meniscus height. SQOL-DV1 was correlated with BCVA (P=0.0007), sodium fluorescein staining (P=0.007), and tear film breakup time (P=0.0146). CONCLUSION In some patients, early ocular symptoms are not evident after ALLO-HSCT, while ocular surface complications can be observed after a comprehensive ophthalmological examination. Especially for those with elevated total bilirubin or GGT, regular ophthalmic follow-up visits are essential to diagnose and treat ocular graft versus host disease (oGVHD), especially for patients with elevated total bilirubin or GGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Xian Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wen-Hui Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Peng Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ke-Zhi Huang
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu-Xin Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yi-Qing Li
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jian-Hui Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong Province, China
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Zhou C, Zeng P, Wang J, Zhang Y, Fan SX, Hu YX, Nie DN, Xiao JH. Increased peripapillary capillaries in patients with acute leukemia by using optical coherence tomography angiography. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 42:103569. [PMID: 37068646 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the radial peripapillary capillary vessel density (RPC-VD) and thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in acute leukemia (AL) and the associations of these characteristics with blood laboratory parameters. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed at the Ophthalmology Department of the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital from February 2019 to April 2022. Sixty eyes of 30 patients diagnosed with AL and sixty eyes of 30 matched healthy controls were included. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in the 4.5-mm Angio Disc scan mode and the Ganglion cell complex scan mode were performed for all participants. Correlation analyses were used to examine the associations of RPC-VD and RNFL with blood laboratory parameters. RESULTS Patients in the AL group had significantly increased RPC-VD in the whole-image (51.42±0.35 vs. 49.52±0.36) and peripapillary fields (53.90±0.43 vs. 51.17±0.50) compared with people in the control group (all P<0.001), while no difference was found for RPC-VD in the inside optic disc fields in the two groups. The RNFL in the AL group was significantly thicker than that in the control group (131.10±3.89 μm vs. 115.03±2.22 μm, P<0.05). Complete blood count (CBC) parameters, including red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit, had a significant negative correlation with RPC-VD and RNFL (all P <0.05). CONCLUSION An increased RPC-VD and a thicker RNFL are evidence of fundus changes in patients with early-stage AL, and these metrics may be related to decreases in red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, the People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, the People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, the People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, the People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Xian Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, the People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xin Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, the People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Nian Nie
- Department of hematology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, the People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian-Hui Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, the People's Republic of China.
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Fan SX, Wang J, Li Q, Li YS, Guan WX, Li JS. [Mechanism of gut-microbiota-liver axis in the pathogenesis of intestinal failure-associated liver disease]. Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi 2021; 24:94-100. [PMID: 33461259 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn.441530-20201009-00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal failure (IF) is defined as the critical reduction of functional intestines below the minimum needed to absorb nutrients and fluids, so that intravenous supplementation with parenteral nutrition (PN) is required to maintain health and/or growth. Although the benefits are evident, patients receiving PN can suffer from serious cholestasis due to lack of enteral feeding and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). One such complication that may arise is intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD). Evidences from recent studies suggest that alterations in the intestinal microbiota, as well as intraluminal bile acid driven signaling, may play a critical role in both hepatic and intestinal injury. Since Marshall first proposed the concept of the gut-liver axis in 1998, the role of gut-liver axis disorders in the development of IFALD has received considerable attention. The conversation between gut and liver is the key to maintain liver metabolism and intestinal homeostasis, which influences each other and is reciprocal causation. However, as a "forgotten organ" , intestinal microbiota on the pathogenesis of IFALD has not been well reflected. As such, we propose, for the first time, the concept of gut-microbiota-liver axis to emphasize the importance of intestinal microbiota in the interaction of gut-liver axis. Analysis and research on gut-microbiota-liver axis will be of great significance for understanding the pathogenesis of IFALD and improving the prevention and treatment measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- S X Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - J Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Q Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Y S Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - W X Guan
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - J S Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
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Cato AJ, Lorenz GM, Bateman NR, Hardke JT, Black JL, Thrash BC, Johnson DL, Gore J, Studebaker G, Fan SX, Gaillard PR. Susceptibility of Rice to Oebalus pugnax (F.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Feeding at Different Levels of Grain Maturity and Impacts on Insecticide Termination. J Econ Entomol 2020; 113:249-254. [PMID: 31560749 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toz250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The stages of rice, Oryza sativa L. (Poales: Poaceae), grain maturity that are most susceptible to rice stink bug, Oebalus pugnax (F.), damage have been identified; however, the stage at which they are no longer capable of causing appreciable damage during grain maturity is unclear. The objective of this study was to determine the susceptibility of rice to rice stink bug feeding at different levels of grain maturity and determine an insecticide termination timing. Rice stink bug damage was examined using five levels of grain maturity described as percent of kernels reaching mature straw coloration referred to as hard dough (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%) across a range of infestation levels using single panicle sleeve cages and large cages. Hybrid and conventional cultivar rice panicles at 20, 40, and 60% hard dough were found to be susceptible to indirect yield loss, as two rice stink bugs per panicle resulted in over 7% peck. In large cage trials, 25 rice stink bugs caused 0.7-1% peck to hybrid and conventional rice plots at 20% hard dough. Much less damage was observed once rice reached 60% hard dough, where peck averages only reached 0.4%. Decreased damage at 60% hard dough was validated using uncaged trials where 0.4% additional peck was observed in unsprayed plots. These data indicate that rice in the early stages of hard dough is susceptible to large levels of indirect yield loss, but unless significant densities of rice stink bug are present at 60% hard dough, no more sampling or applications are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Cato
- Department of Horticulture, University of Arkansas, Little Rock State Office, Little Rock, AR
| | - G M Lorenz
- Department of Entomology, University of Arkansas, Lonoke Extension Center, Lonoke, AR
| | - N R Bateman
- Department of Entomology, University of Arkansas, RREC, Stuttgart, AR
| | - J T Hardke
- Department of Crops, Soils, and Environmental Science, University of Arkansas, RREC, Stuttgart, AR
| | - J L Black
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - B C Thrash
- Department of Entomology, University of Arkansas, Lonoke Extension Center, Lonoke, AR
| | - D L Johnson
- Department of Entomology, University of Arkansas, 319 Agriculture Building, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR
| | - J Gore
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Delta Research and Extension Center, Stoneville, MS
| | - G Studebaker
- Department of Entomology, University of Arkansas, Northeast Research & Extension, NEREC, Keiser, AR
| | - S X Fan
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Auburn University, Statistical Consulting Center, Auburn, AL
| | - P R Gaillard
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Auburn University, Statistical Consulting Center, Auburn, AL
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Fan SX, Wang FM, Lin LS, Song YF. [Re-treatments of recurrence after pelvic floor repair surgery]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi 2017. [PMID: 28647959 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-567x.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze re-treatments of recurrence after the pelvic floor repair surgery. Methods: The protocol and the effect of re-treatments were investigated by reviewing and analyzing the clinical data of 81 recurrent patients (grade Ⅱ and above), who had received the pelvic floor repair surgery from January 2011 to January 2016. Pelvic organ prolapse quantitation system (POP-Q) and two questionnaires about quality of life [pelvic floor distress inventory-short form 20 (PFDI-20) and pelvic floor impact questionnaire short form (PFIQ-7)] were used to evaluate objective and subjective efficacy, respectively. Results: Among 81 recurrent patients who were followed up for a median of 35 months (10- 69 months), 78 cases (with prolapse up to grade Ⅲ or Ⅳ) were treated by surgical operation with both objective cure rate and subjective satisfaction being 100% (78/78); 3 cases (with grade Ⅱ prolapse) were treated by pelvic floor electrical stimulation biofeedback, and 1 case among the three cases had the vaginal foreign body sensation, the subjective satisfaction was 2/3. The methods of surgical operation for the 78 recurrent patients included: total pelvic floor reconstructive surgery (55 cases; 3 of which involve trachelectomy), anterior pelvic reconstructive surgery (2 cases), posterior pelvic reconstructive surgery (3 cases), Y-mesh sacral colpopexy (2 cases), colpocleisis (11 cases), vaginal hysterectomy combined posterior fornix forming (3 cases), and vaginal hysterectomy combined posterior pelvic reconstructive surgery(2 cases). Conclusion: The extent of recurrence, the recurrent site and complications must be carefully considered and evaluated for re-treatments of recurrence after pelvic floor repair surgery, and then an appropriately individualized re-treatment protocol could be designed for each of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S X Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fuzhou General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Fuzhou 350025, China
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Zhang HL, Fan SX, Gu KH, Zhu B, Fan Y, Zu F, Li HS, Meng QZ, He JB. [Size distributions and diurnal variations in the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in winter in urban and suburban Nanjing, China]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2012; 33:2172-2179. [PMID: 23002588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The contamination status and distribution characteristics of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in aerosols of urban and suburban Nanjing. A total of 17 PAHs were analyzed in the aerosol samples collected in daytime and nighttime during January 1st to 10th, 2010 in Nanjing University (NU) and Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST). The PAH concentrations at the urban and suburban sites were 41.36-220.35 ng x m(-3) and 45.10-200.86 ng x m(-3), respectively, of which about 66%-67% was absorbed by fine particles (Dp < or = 2.1 microm). High levels of particulate PAHs were detected at both sampling sites with different diurnal variations. The higher total-PAH concentration occurred in the daytime at the urban site and in the nighttime at the suburban site. The change of prevailing wind direction and high-pressure weather system had significant impact on the variation of PAH concentrations, which were dominated by fine and coarse particles in urban and suburban regions, respectively. Difference in PAH size distributions was found for low weight molecular PAHs (LWM-PAH) and high weight molecular PAHs (HWM-PAH) in urban and suburban areas. The concentrations of 2-3 ring PAHs were higher at the suburban site than those at the urban site, whereas larger amounts of 4-6 ring PAHs were found at the urban site than at the suburban site. The concentration peaks in coarse particle size of high-molecular-weight PAHs found in our study were larger than those in some of the previous studies, which might be due to the high carbon content in coarse particles in the atmosphere at our sites. Analysis of diagnostic ratios indicated that the PAHs particles at both two sites have the same sources, including combustion of coal and biomass, vehicular exhaust and suburban industrial emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
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Fan SX, Huang HL, Fan T, Tang LL, Yang XZ, Li HS. [Size distribution characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of PM10 in foggy days in the north suburb of Nanjing]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2009; 30:2707-2714. [PMID: 19927829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Based on meteorological data and aerosol samples from Nov.15 to Dec.30,2007 in the north suburb of Nanjing, size distribution characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM10 in foggy and sunny days were studied, and the concentrations of 16 PAHs were analyzed by gas chromatography with mass selective detection (GC-MS). The average concentrations of aerosols in the night (PM2.1 : 120.34 microg x m(-3; PM10 : 215.92 microg*m(-3) are close to those in the daytime (PM2.1 : 26.76 microg.m(-3); PM9.0 : 213.41 microg x m(-3)) in foggy days. The average concentrations of aerosols are higher in the night (PM2.1 : 71.45 microg x m(-3); PM9.0 : 114.33 microg x m(-3)) than those in the daytime (PM2.1 : 41.02 microg x m(-3); PM9.0 : 74.38 microg x m(-3)) in fine days. And we also find that the total concentrations of 16 PAHs in PM2.1 (49.97 ng x m(-3)) and PM9.0 (59.45 ng x m(-3)) in foggy days are 1.50 and 1.46 times of those (PM2.1 : 33.30 ng x m(-3); PM9.0 : 40.80 ng x m(-3)) in fine days separately. The average maximum concentrations of individual PAHs are fluoranthene, which are higher (PM2.1 : 7.98 ng x m(-3); PM9.0 : 9.99 ng x m(-3)) in foggy days than those (PM2.5 : 5.23 ng x m(-3); PM9.0 : 6.77 ng x m(-3)) in fine days, and the average concentrations of benzo-apyrene are higher in fog days (PM2.1 : 1.77 ng x m(-3); PM9.0 : 1.99 ng x m(-3)) than those in fine days (PM2.1 : 1.46 microg x m(-3); PM9.0 : 1.84 ng x m(-3)).Those results indicate that the fog processing could aggravate the pollution of PM2.5 and PM10 near the ground layer. Diurnal size distribution of total PAHs in PM10 is consistent with that of PM10 in foggy and sunny days, and size distribution investigated was bi-modal with a peak in accumulation particle mode and another peak in coarse particle mode aerosol. Size distributions of PM10 and total PAHs in PM10 are affected greatly by the day fog in daytime, while those are affected little by the night fog in night.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Xian Fan
- Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
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Ding MX, Yuan ZH, Wang YL, Zhu HL, Fan SX. Olaquindox and cyadox stimulate growth and decrease intestinal mucosal immunity of piglets orally inoculated with Escherichia coli. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2006; 90:238-43. [PMID: 16684145 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2005.00593.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
One hundred and fifty piglets were randomly allotted to one of six treatments to determine the effects of olaquindox and cyadox on growth and intestinal immune response including the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes and immunoglobulin A secreting cells (ASCs) during the three-week period. A 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments was employed with the following factors: (1) Escherichia coli (O(139):K(88), 10(10) CFU) inoculation or control and (2) no antimicrobials, 100 mg/kg olaquindox and 100 mg/kg cyadox in the basal diet respectively. The antimicrobial supplementations improved (p < 0.01) average daily gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) during the experiment. Average daily gain and FCR in the cyadox-supplemented pigs were higher (p < 0.05) than those in the olaquindox-supplemented pigs. Intraepithelial lymphocytes and ASCs decreased (p < 0.05) when the diets were supplemented. Jejunal ASCs in the cyadox-supplemented pigs were lower (p < 0.05) than those in the olaquindox-supplemented pigs. Olaquindox and cyadox suppressed E. coli-induced intestinal immune activation, which may be involved in the observed growth promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M X Ding
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues/MOA Key Laboratory of Food Safety Evaluation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Li S, Huang FL, Feng Q, Liu J, Fan SX, McKenna TM. Overexpression of protein kinase C alpha enhances lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide formation in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Cell Physiol 1998; 176:402-11. [PMID: 9648928 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4652(199808)176:2<402::aid-jcp19>3.0.co;2-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies showed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in cardiovascular tissues is attenuated by protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors. In the current study, we identify a specific PKC isotype involved in the LPS signal transduction pathway that leads to NO formation in rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). VSMC were transfected with a mammalian expression vector containing a full length PKCalpha cDNA insert, and a stable transfectant overexpressing PKCalpha was obtained as evidenced by increased expression of PKCalpha mRNA and protein. In response to 100 ng/ml LPS stimulation, the PKCalpha transfectants showed a 1.8-fold increase in PKC activity at 30 min and a twofold increase in NO production over 24 hr compared with cells transfected with control plasmids. The LPS-stimulated increase in NO synthesis in PKCalpha transfectants was blocked by the specific PKCalpha inhibitor Gö 6976. After 6 hr LPS treatment, PKCalpha-transfected and control cells showed equivalent increases in mRNA and protein for the inducible NO synthase. NO synthase activity of the cell extracts assayed in the presence of excess substrate and cofactors was not significantly different between PKCalpha-transfected and control cells after LPS stimulation. However, mRNA levels for GTP cyclohydrolase I, a key enzyme in (6R)-tetrahydro-L-biopterin synthesis, and cationic amino acid transporter-2, involved in L-arginine transport, was enhanced in cells overexpressing PKCalpha compared with control cells. These results suggest that PKCalpha plays an important role in LPS-induced NO formation and that a significant portion of this effect may be by means of enhanced substrate availability to the inducible nitric oxide synthase enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Li
- Resuscitative Medicine Program, Naval Medical Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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Abstract
Previous studies have shown that protein kinase C (PKC) activity increases in cardiovascular tissue exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The objective of these experiments was to identify the PKC isotypes that respond to LPS treatment in the adult rat aorta. We found that PKC alpha, -delta, -epsilon, and -zeta isotypes are present in endothelium-intact aortas. The PKC alpha and -epsilon isotypes show two- to threefold increases in abundance after 3 h treatment with 100 ng/mL LPS, while PKC delta and -zeta levels do not increase. In contrast, mRNA for all of the PKC isotypes increased 3.5 to 12-fold during LPS treatment. Both PKC isotype and mRNA levels gradually diminished during 20 h of continuous LPS exposure. Concurrent treatment of the vessels with LPS plus 50 microM cycloheximide caused PKC alpha, -epsilon, and -zeta, but not -delta, isotypes to rapidly decrease in abundance while blunting the increase in PKC isotype mRNA. The major source for all of the PKC isotypes in the vessel is the vascular smooth muscle cells. These results indicate that LPS treatment induces time-dependent increases in PKC isotype mRNA expression and isotype-specific PKC activation and synthesis in vascular tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M McKenna
- Resuscitative Medicine Research Program, Naval Medical Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20889, USA
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Abstract
Treatment of vascular tissue with low levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and diminishes vascular contractility. However, in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), very high doses of LPS or the combination of LPS with cytokines are required for the induction of nitric oxide (NO) formation. The aims of this study were to establish a cell model to investigate LPS-induced hypocontractility and NO production and to test the hypothesis that responses of VSMC to LPS are differentiation regulated. We used Matrigel basement membrane matrix to maintain VSMC differentiation and found that VSMC cultured on Matrigel retained significant contractility in response to KCl stimulation. Incubation of VSMC with low levels of LPS(1-100 ng/ml) induced NOS mRNA and protein, induced NO production, and decreased cell contractility in a time- and dose-dependent fashion. The NOS inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) partially restored LPS-treated VSMC contractility, whereas L-arginine reversed the contractility-restoring effect of L-NAME. These results suggest that VSMC grown on Matrigel are a useful experimental model for investigations into signal transduction mechanisms responsible for LPS-induced vascular hypocontractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Li
- Septic Shock Research Program, Naval Medical Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20889-5607, USA
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15
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Abstract
The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that pulmonary microvascular reactivity is depressed in sepsis and that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) contributes to the vascular hyporeactivity. Rats were made septic by cecal ligation and puncture. After 16 h, pulmonary vascular reactivity was evaluated by measurement of perfusion pressures while the vasculature was challenged with angiotensin II and KCl. The results showed that vascular reactivity was significantly depressed in lungs from septic rats in comparison to sham-operated controls. Pretreatment with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 100 microM) restored the depressed vasoreactivity while the nitric oxide (NO) synthase substrate L-arginine (1 mM) reversed the contraction-restoring effect of L-NAME. NO production in lungs from septic rats increased about 4-fold in comparison to sham-operated controls. iNOS protein was expressed in lung tissues, mainly the resistance vessels, from septic rats but not from sham-operated controls. Reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction also showed a strong induction of iNOS mRNA in lung tissues from septic rats. These results suggest that increased iNOS expression and NO production may contribute to depressed pulmonary vascular reactivity in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Li
- Septic Shock Research Program, Naval Medical Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20889, USA
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Fan SX, Turpin JA, Aronovitz JR, Meltzer MS. Interferon-gamma protects primary monocytes against infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Leukoc Biol 1994; 56:362-8. [PMID: 8083609 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.56.3.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes treated with 500 IU/ml human recombinant interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma) 1 day before and continuously after human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection showed no evidence of virus replication 7 days after addition of the viral inoculum. There was no HIV-associated cytopathic effect, no reverse transcriptase (RT) activity or p24 detected in culture fluids, and no HIV RNA or DNA in cell lysates. Furthermore, no evidence of HIV infection was evident in replicate cultures in which all IFN-gamma was removed at 7 days and the cells were cultured for an additional 3 weeks without IFN-gamma. The 50% inhibitory dose for reduction of maximum RT activity in HIV-infected monocyte cultures was about 1 IU/ml IFN-gamma. No increase in HIV replication was evident in monocytes treated with IFN-gamma at any concentration (0 to 5000 IU/ml) or at any time (7 days before to 10 days after HIV infection). In side-by-side experiments with identical monocytes and HIV-1 stock, rIFN-gamma was 10 to 20 times more effective than rIFN-alpha 2b for induction of antiviral activity. With both interferons, significant antiviral activity was evident with monocytes treated 1 day before, at the time of, or up to 3 days after infection. At 7 to 10 days after infection (a time at which less than 20% of total cells were infected with HIV) addition of even high concentrations of IFN-alpha or IFN-gamma had no effect on virus replication. These data suggest that the principal action of IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma was directed against the fluid-phase virus. Cell-cell spread of infection within the HIV-infected monocyte culture and extent of virus replication in HIV-infected cells were not affected by interferon treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S X Fan
- Catholic University of America, Washington, DC
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Turpin JA, Fan SX, Hansen BD, Francis ML, Baca-Regen LM, Gendelman HE, Meltzer MS. Regulation of HIV replication in monocytes by interferon. Prog Mol Subcell Biol 1994; 14:222-41. [PMID: 7520329 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-78549-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J A Turpin
- Department of Cellular Immunology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC 20307-5100
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Fan SX, Skillman DR, Liao MJ, Testa D, Meltzer MS. Increased efficacy of human natural interferon alpha (IFN-alpha n3) versus human recombinant IFN-alpha 2 for inhibition of HIV-1 replication in primary human monocytes. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1993; 9:1115-22. [PMID: 8312053 DOI: 10.1089/aid.1993.9.1115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural IFN-alpha n3, a purified mixture of many different natural IFN alpha species, was 10- to 100-fold more effective than equal concentrations of human rIFN-alpha 2b or rIFN-alpha 2a for inhibition of HIV replication in primary human monocytes. This difference was highly reproducible in multiple side-by-side experiments using the identical HIV-1 inoculum and the same monocyte target cells: natural IFN-alpha n3 was more effective than rIFN-alpha 2b at lower concentrations for protection against a constant HIV-1 inoculum; cells treated with natural IFN-alpha n3 were protected against a greater HIV-1 challenge than were cells treated with the same concentration of rIFN-alpha 2b. Fractionation of natural IFN-alpha n3 by reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) showed that most antiviral activity for HIV localized to discrete and reproducible peaks. The RP-HPLC peak that contained purified natural IFN-alpha 2b was the least effective fraction. These data suggest heterogeneity among IFN-alpha species for antiviral activity against HIV and may provide a molecular basis for more effective IFN-alpha therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S X Fan
- Department of Cellular Immunology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C. 20307-5100
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Yu LJ, Ma RD, Wang YQ, Nishino H, Takayasu J, He WZ, Chang M, Zhen J, Liu WS, Fan SX. Potent anti-tumorigenic effect of tubeimoside 1 isolated from the bulb of Bolbostemma paniculatum (Maxim) Franquet. Int J Cancer 1992; 50:635-8. [PMID: 1537629 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910500425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tubeimoside 1, one of the new triterpenoid saponins from the bulb of Bolbostemma paniculatum (Maxim) Franquet, had an anti-inflammatory effect on mouse ear edema induced by arachidonic acid and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Furthermore, a potent anti-tumorigenic effect of tubeimoside 1 was observed in 2-stage carcinogenesis of mouse skin after oral administration as well as topical application. Thus, tubeimoside 1 appears to be a promising agent for cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Yu
- Department of Biochemistry, Shaanxi Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacology, Xian, People's Republic of China
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Yang JX, Fan SX, Pei HS, Zhu BQ, Xu WS, Naganawa H, Hamada M, Takeuchi T. 8-Methoxygriseorhodin C, a new member of griseorhodin antibiotic. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1991; 44:1277-9. [PMID: 1761427 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.44.1277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Abstract
Chromosomal analysis of nine benign leiomyomas of the uterus after short-term culture showed karyotypic abnormalities in four cases. All four exhibited multiple chromosome changes, including three cases characterized by complex chromosome rearrangements involving a number of chromosomes. Among others, these rearrangements included a translocation between chromosomes 12 and 14 in one case, a deletion of chromosome 7q in two cases, and both del(7q) and a complex translocation involving chromosomes 12 and 14 in another case. These results confirm the involvement of chromosomes 7, 12, and 14 in leiomyomas and indicate that benign tumors can also be characterized by complex cytogenetic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S X Fan
- Cancer Center of Southwest Biomedical Research Institute, Scottsdale, Arizona
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Abstract
A benign endometrial polyp from a 50-year-old postmenopausal woman has been cytogenetically investigated. A single clonal karyotypic anomaly, inv(12)(p11.2q13), was found in about 30% of cells analyzed after short-term culture. This finding contributes further to the hypothesis that the chromosomal segment 12q13-q14, which is also involved in chromosomal rearrangements in uterine leiomyomas, pleomorphic adenomas of the salivary glands, lipomas, and myxoid liposarcomas, contains a gene or genes that are related to cellular proliferation rather than to malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Walter
- Cancer Center, Southwest Biomedical Research Institute, Scottsdale, Arizona 85251
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