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Magnetta DA, Jackson L, Zeevi A, Turnquist HR, Miller SA, West SC, Murtagh G, Feingold B. Association Between High Sensitivity Troponin I and NTproBNP With Rejection and Graft Loss in Pediatric Heart Transplant Recipients. Pediatr Transplant 2024; 28:e14858. [PMID: 39320013 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Troponin I is a blood biomarker of cardiac injury and levels measured using a high-sensitivity assay after pediatric heart transplantation (HT) have not been described. We sought to assess the association between high-sensitivity troponin I (hsTnI) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) with treated acute rejection (AR) and graft loss in pediatric heart transplant (HT) recipients. METHODS Serum was collected and banked from pediatric HT recipients prior to cardiac catheterization. Patients with samples drawn within 365 days post-HT were included and followed for up to 5 years. Generalized linear mixed-effect models examined the association between hsTnI and treated AR using a random intercept per patient. Cox proportional hazards models tested the association between maximal hsTnI and NT-proBNP and death/graft loss. RESULTS HsTnI and NTproBNP values decline in the weeks following HT, after which these biomarkers stabilize. HsTnI was higher in AR versus no AR (6.2 vs. 3.5 ng/L, p < 0.001); doubling of hsTnI increased the odds of AR by 33% (p = 0.004). HsTnI showed moderate discrimination for AR with an AUC of 0.811 (95% CI 0.76, 0.87) and a NPV of 96.4% (95% CI 93.0, 98.1). Elevation in NT-proBNP was not associated with AR. In multivariable Cox modeling, a doubling of maximal NT-proBNP was associated with graft loss (HR 8.96, p = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS In this pediatric HT cohort, HsTnI was moderately discriminative for AR and higher maximal NT-proBNP was associated with graft loss. HsTnI may add value in pediatric HT non-invasive AR surveillance, and elevated NTproBNP could suggest an increased risk of graft loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defne A Magnetta
- Pediatric Cardiology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Laurel Jackson
- Core Diagnostics, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA
| | - Adriana Zeevi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Heth R Turnquist
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Susan A Miller
- Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shawn C West
- Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gillian Murtagh
- Core Diagnostics, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA
| | - Brian Feingold
- Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Loss KL, Su J, Menteer J, Weisert MA, Shaddy RE, Kantor PF. Association Between Serial B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Levels, Vasoactive Drug Weaning, and Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Pediatric Heart Failure. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e031132. [PMID: 39119990 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.031132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) frequently require intravenous vasoactive (IVV) support drugs and are at risk for adverse cardiovascular (ACV) outcomes. We wished to assess whether serial changes in B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels are associated with successful weaning off IVV support and/or prespecified ACV outcomes in children hospitalized with ADHF. METHODS AND RESULTS Children hospitalized with ADHF from 2005 to 2021 at our institution were assessed for serial changes in BNP, weaning off of IVV support, and ACV outcomes. Changes in BNP level were evaluated using linear mixed-effects modeling. Bonferroni correction was used to adjust for multiple hypothesis testing. In 131 hospitalizations of children with ADHF, the median age was 4.8 years, with 74% receiving IVV support. ACV outcomes occurred in 62 children. IVV support was associated with lower admission left ventricular ejection fraction (26.7% versus 32%, P=0.002), more severe left ventricular dilation (left ventricular internal diastolic dimension Z score 5.9 versus 3.1, P=0.021) moderate or more mitral regurgitation (41.3% versus 20.6%, P=0.038), and qualitative right ventricular systolic dysfunction (in 45.4% versus 11.8%, P<0.001). Decline in BNP levels was more rapid in patients who were successfully weaned from IVV support (-0.20 versus -0.03 2log pg/mL per day, P<0.001) and in the non-ACV group (-0.17 versus -0.03 2log pg/mL per day, P<0.001). Right ventricular systolic dysfunction was an independent risk factor for ACV (odds ratio, 2.49; P=0.045). CONCLUSIONS The declining rate of serial BNP levels was associated with weaning from IVV support and no ACV outcomes in children hospitalized with ADHF. Right ventricular systolic dysfunction was associated with ACV outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla L Loss
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology Children's Hospital Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA
- Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Jennifer Su
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology Children's Hospital Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA
- Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - JonDavid Menteer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology Children's Hospital Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA
- Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Molly A Weisert
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology Children's Hospital Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA
- Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Robert E Shaddy
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology Children's Hospital Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA
- Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Paul F Kantor
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology Children's Hospital Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA
- Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
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Kuyama N, Takashio S, Oguni T, Yamamoto M, Hirakawa K, Ishii M, Hanatani S, Oda S, Matsuzawa Y, Usuku H, Yamamoto E, Hirai T, Ueda M, Tsujita K. Cardiac Biomarker Change at 1 Year After Tafamidis Treatment and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e034518. [PMID: 38761073 PMCID: PMC11179818 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.124.034518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although tafamidis treatment improves prognosis in patients with wild-type transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy, an optimal surrogate marker monitoring its therapeutic effect remains unclear. This study investigated the association between changes in cardiac biomarkers, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) during the first year after tafamidis treatment and clinical outcomes. METHODS AND RESULTS In 101 patients with wild-type transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy receiving tafamidis at our institution, change in cardiac biomarkers from baseline to 1 year after tafamidis administration and its association with composite outcomes (composite of all-cause death and hospitalization attributable to heart failure) was assessed. During the follow-up period (median, 17 months), 16 (16%) patients experienced composite outcomes. The hs-cTnT level significantly decreased at 1 year after tafamidis treatment, unlike the BNP level. The frequencies of increased hs-cTnT and BNP levels were significantly higher in those with composite outcomes than in those without (44% versus 15%; P=0.01). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients in whom both hs-cTnT and BNP levels increased at 1 year after tafamidis had a higher probability of composite outcomes compared with those with decreased hs-cTnT and BNP levels (log-rank P<0.01). Cox regression analysis identified increased hs-cTnT and BNP levels at 1 year after tafamidis administration as an independent predictor of higher cumulative risk of composite outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Deterioration in cardiac biomarkers during the first year after tafamidis treatment predicted a worse prognosis, suggesting the utility of serial assessment of cardiac biomarkers for monitoring the therapeutic response to tafamidis in patients with wild-type transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Kuyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Seiji Takashio
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Tetsuya Oguni
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Kyoko Hirakawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Masanobu Ishii
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
- Department of Medical Information Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Shinsuke Hanatani
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Seitaro Oda
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Yasushi Matsuzawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Hiroki Usuku
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Eiichiro Yamamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Toshinori Hirai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Ueda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Kenichi Tsujita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
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Kyodo A, Nakada Y, Nogi M, Nogi K, Ishihara S, Ueda T, Tohyama T, Enzan N, Ide T, Matsushima S, Tsutsui H, Saito Y. Evaluation of the A 2B Score for Prediction of Survival in Patients With Heart Failure in a Nationwide Cohort in Japan. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e031104. [PMID: 38348810 PMCID: PMC11010077 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.031104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although a tool for sharing patient prognosis among all medical staff is desirable in heart failure (HF) cases, only a few simple HF prognostic scores are available. We previously presented the A2B score, a simple user-friendly HF risk score, and validated it in a small single-center cohort. In the present study, we validated it in a larger nationwide cohort. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined the 2-year mortality in relation to the A2B scores in 3483 patients from a Japanese nationwide cohort and attempted to stratify their prognoses according to the scores. The A2B score was determined by assigning points for age, anemia, and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level at discharge: age (<65 years, 0; 65-74 years, 1; ≥75 years, 2), anemia (hemoglobin ≥12 g/dL, 0; 10-11.9 g/dL, 1; <10 g/dL, 2), and BNP (<200 pg/mL, 0; 200-499 pg/mL, 1; ≥500 pg/mL, 2). Hemoglobin and BNP levels were applied to the data at discharge. The 2-year survival rates for A2B scores 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 were 94.1%, 83.2%, 74.1%, 63.5%, 51.6%, and 41.5%, respectively; the mortality rate increased by ≈10% for each point increase (c-index, 0.702). The A2B score was applicable in HF cases with reduced or preserved ejection fraction and remained useful when BNP was substituted with N-terminal proBNP (c-index, 0.749, 0.676, and 0.682, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The A2B score showed a good prognostic value for HF in a large population even when BNP was replaced with N-terminal proBNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kyodo
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineNara Medical UniversityKashiharaJapan
| | - Yasuki Nakada
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineNara Medical UniversityKashiharaJapan
| | - Maki Nogi
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineNara Medical UniversityKashiharaJapan
| | - Kazutaka Nogi
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineNara Medical UniversityKashiharaJapan
| | - Satomi Ishihara
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineNara Medical UniversityKashiharaJapan
| | - Tomoya Ueda
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineNara Medical UniversityKashiharaJapan
| | - Takeshi Tohyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Nobuyuki Enzan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Tomomi Ide
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Shouji Matsushima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsutsui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
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Amdani S, Auerbach SR, Bansal N, Chen S, Conway J, Silva JPDA, Deshpande SR, Hoover J, Lin KY, Miyamoto SD, Puri K, Price J, Spinner J, White R, Rossano JW, Bearl DW, Cousino MK, Catlin P, Hidalgo NC, Godown J, Kantor P, Masarone D, Peng DM, Rea KE, Schumacher K, Shaddy R, Shea E, Tapia HV, Valikodath N, Zafar F, Hsu D. Research Gaps in Pediatric Heart Failure: Defining the Gaps and Then Closing Them Over the Next Decade. J Card Fail 2024; 30:64-77. [PMID: 38065308 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2023.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Given the numerous opportunities and the wide knowledge gaps in pediatric heart failure, an international group of pediatric heart failure experts with diverse backgrounds were invited and tasked with identifying research gaps in each pediatric heart failure domain that scientists and funding agencies need to focus on over the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnawaz Amdani
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Children's, Cleveland, Ohio.
| | - Scott R Auerbach
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Neha Bansal
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Mount Sinai Kravis Children's Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Sharon Chen
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Jennifer Conway
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Julie Pires DA Silva
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - Jessica Hoover
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Children's, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Kimberly Y Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shelley D Miyamoto
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kriti Puri
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Jack Price
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Joseph Spinner
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Rachel White
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph W Rossano
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David W Bearl
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Melissa K Cousino
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, C. S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Perry Catlin
- Department of Psychology, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Nicolas Corral Hidalgo
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Justin Godown
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Paul Kantor
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles and the Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Daniele Masarone
- Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, AORN dei Colli-Monaldi Hospital Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - David M Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, C. S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kelly E Rea
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, C. S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kurt Schumacher
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, C. S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Robert Shaddy
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles and the Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Erin Shea
- Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, AORN dei Colli-Monaldi Hospital Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Henry Valora Tapia
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Utah. Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Nishma Valikodath
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Farhan Zafar
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Daphne Hsu
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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Taruya A, Nishiguchi T, Ota S, Taniguchi M, Kashiwagi M, Shiono Y, Wan K, Ino Y, Tanaka A. Low Energy Intake Diagnosed Using the Harris-Benedict Equation Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Elderly Heart Failure Patients. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7191. [PMID: 38002803 PMCID: PMC10672077 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12227191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Insufficient nutrient intake is a strong independent predictor of mortality in elderly patients with heart failure. However, it is unclear to what extent energy intake affects their prognosis. This study investigated the association between patient outcomes and actual measured energy intake in elderly patients (≥65 years) with heart failure. METHODS This study enrolled 139 elderly patients who were hospitalized with worsening heart failure at Shingu Municipal Medical Center, Shingu, Japan, between May 2017 and April 2018. Energy intake was evaluated for three days (from three days prior to the day of discharge until the day of discharge). Based on basal energy expenditure calculated using the Harris-Benedict equation, the patients were classified into a low-energy group (n = 38) and a high-energy group (n = 101). We assessed the prognosis in terms of both all-cause mortality and readmission due to worsening heart failure as a primary outcome. RESULTS Compared to the patients in the high-energy group, the patients in the low-energy group were predominantly female, less frequently had smoking habits and ischemic heart diseases, and had a higher left ventricular ejection fraction. The low-energy group had higher mortality than the high-energy group (p = 0.028), although the two groups showed equivalent event rates of the primary outcome (p = 0.569). CONCLUSION Calculations based on the Harris-Benedict equation revealed no significant difference in the primary outcome between the two groups, with a secondary outcome that showed worse mortality in the low-energy group. Given this result, energy requirement-based assessments using the Harris-Benedict equation might help in the management of elderly heart failure patients in terms of improved life outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Taruya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shingu Municipal Medical Center, Shingu 647-0072, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Nishiguchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wakaura Central Hospital, Wakayama 641-0054, Japan
| | - Shingo Ota
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan
| | - Motoki Taniguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan
| | - Manabu Kashiwagi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan
| | - Yasutsugu Shiono
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan
| | - Ke Wan
- Clinical Research Support Center, Wakayama Medical University Hospital, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ino
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shingu Municipal Medical Center, Shingu 647-0072, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tanaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan
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Nabeta T, Kitai T, Naruse Y, Taniguchi T, Yoshioka K, Tanaka H, Okumura T, Sato S, Baba Y, Kida K, Tamaki Y, Matsumoto S, Matsue Y. Risk stratification of patients with cardiac sarcoidosis: the ILLUMINATE-CS registry. Eur Heart J 2022; 43:3450-3459. [PMID: 35781334 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study evaluated the prognosis and prognostic factors of patients with cardiac sarcoidosis (CS), an underdiagnosed disease. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients from a retrospective multicentre registry, diagnosed with CS between 2001 and 2017 based on the 2016 Japanese Circulation Society or 2014 Heart Rhythm Society criteria, were included. The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause death, hospitalization for heart failure, and documented fatal ventricular arrhythmia events (FVAE), each constituting exploratory endpoints. Among 512 registered patients, 148 combined events (56 heart failure hospitalizations, 99 documented FVAE, and 49 all-cause deaths) were observed during a median follow-up of 1042 (interquartile range: 518-1917) days. The 10-year estimated event rates for the primary endpoint, all-cause death, heart failure hospitalizations, and FVAE were 48.1, 18.0, 21.1, and 31.9%, respectively. On multivariable Cox regression, a history of ventricular tachycardia (VT) or fibrillation [hazard ratio (HR) 2.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.59-4.00, P < 0.001], log-transformed brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels (HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.07-1.53, P = 0.008), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (HR 0.94 per 5% increase, 95% CI 0.88-1.00, P = 0.046), and post-diagnosis radiofrequency ablation for VT (HR 2.65, 95% CI 1.02-6.86, P = 0.045) independently predicted the primary endpoint. CONCLUSION Although mortality is relatively low in CS, adverse events are common, mainly due to FVAE. Patients with low LVEF, with high BNP levels, with VT/fibrillation history, and requiring ablation to treat VT are at high risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeru Nabeta
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kitai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Naruse
- Division of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Taniguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kenji Yoshioka
- Department of Cardiology, Kameda Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Tanaka
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takahiro Okumura
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Sato
- Clinical Research Canter, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuichi Baba
- Department of Cardiology and Geriatrics, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kida
- Department of Pharmacology, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yodo Tamaki
- Department of Cardiology, Tenri Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Shingo Matsumoto
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuya Matsue
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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Obonyo NG, Olupot-Olupot P, Mpoya A, Nteziyaremye J, Chebet M, Uyoga S, Muhindo R, Fanning JP, Shiino K, Chan J, Fraser JF, Maitland K. A Clinical and Physiological Prospective Observational Study on the Management of Pediatric Shock in the Post-Fluid Expansion as Supportive Therapy Trial Era. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2022; 23:502-513. [PMID: 35446796 PMCID: PMC7613033 DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000002968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fluid bolus resuscitation in African children is harmful. Little research has evaluated physiologic effects of maintenance-only fluid strategy. DESIGN We describe the efficacy of fluid-conservative resuscitation of septic shock using case-fatality, hemodynamic, and myocardial function endpoints. SETTING Pediatric wards of Mbale Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda, and Kilifi County Hospital, Kenya, conducted between October 2013 and July 2015. Data were analysed from August 2016 to July 2019. PATIENTS Children (≥ 60 d to ≤ 12 yr) with severe febrile illness and clinical signs of impaired perfusion. INTERVENTIONS IV maintenance fluid (4 mL/kg/hr) unless children had World Health Organization (WHO) defined shock (≥ 3 signs) where they received two fluid boluses (20 mL/kg) and transfusion if shock persisted. Clinical, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, and laboratory data were collected at presentation, during resuscitation and on day 28. Outcome measures were 48-hour mortality, normalization of hemodynamics, and cardiac biomarkers. MEASUREMENT AND MAIN RESULTS Thirty children (70% males) were recruited, six had WHO shock, all of whom died (6/6) versus three of 24 deaths in the non-WHO shock. Median fluid volume received by survivors and nonsurvivors were similar (13 [interquartile range (IQR), 9-32] vs 30 mL/kg [28-61 mL/kg], z = 1.62, p = 0.23). By 24 hours, we observed increases in median (IQR) stroke volume index (39 mL/m 2 [32-42 mL/m 2 ] to 47 mL/m 2 [41-49 mL/m 2 ]) and a measure of systolic function: fractional shortening from 30 (27-33) to 34 (31-38) from baseline including children managed with no-bolus. Children with WHO shock had a higher mean level of cardiac troponin ( t = 3.58; 95% CI, 1.24-1.43; p = 0.02) and alpha-atrial natriuretic peptide ( t = 16.5; 95% CI, 2.80-67.5; p < 0.01) at admission compared with non-WHO shock. Elevated troponin (> 0.1 μg/mL) and hyperlactatemia (> 4 mmol/L) were putative makers predicting outcome. CONCLUSIONS Maintenance-only fluid therapy normalized clinical and myocardial perturbations in shock without compromising cardiac or hemodynamic function whereas fluid-bolus management of WHO shock resulted in high fatality. Troponin and lactate biomarkers of cardiac dysfunction could be promising outcome predictors in pediatric septic shock in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nchafatso G Obonyo
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Clinical Sciences Department, Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Initiative to Develop African Research Leaders, Kilifi, Kenya
- Mbale Clinical Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, Mbale, Uganda
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Olupot-Olupot
- Initiative to Develop African Research Leaders, Kilifi, Kenya
- Mbale Clinical Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, Mbale, Uganda
- Busitema University, Faculty of Health sciences, Mbale, Uganda
| | - Ayub Mpoya
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Clinical Sciences Department, Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | | | - Martin Chebet
- Mbale Clinical Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, Mbale, Uganda
- Busitema University, Faculty of Health sciences, Mbale, Uganda
| | - Sophie Uyoga
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Clinical Sciences Department, Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Initiative to Develop African Research Leaders, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Rita Muhindo
- Mbale Clinical Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, Mbale, Uganda
| | - Jonathon P Fanning
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, VIC, Australia
| | - Kenji Shiino
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, VIC, Australia
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Jonathan Chan
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, VIC, Australia
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - John F Fraser
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, VIC, Australia
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Kathryn Maitland
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Clinical Sciences Department, Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Department of Infectious Disease and Institute of Global Health and Innovation, Division of Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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9
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Kislitsina ON, D Rich J, Wilcox JE, E Vorovich E, Wu T, Churyla A, S Harap R, Andrei AC, McCarthy PM, Yancy CW, Pham DT. Propensity Score-Matched Comparison of Right Ventricular Strain in Women and Men Before and After Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation. INNOVATIONS-TECHNOLOGY AND TECHNIQUES IN CARDIOTHORACIC AND VASCULAR SURGERY 2022; 17:102-110. [PMID: 35275496 DOI: 10.1177/15569845221081937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Adverse events following left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation are more common in women than in men, but the impact of gender differences on right ventricular (RV) failure is not well defined. Therefore, we calculated RV strain before and after LVAD implantation in matched groups of men and women to determine if gender differences in RV failure after LVAD might account for the gender differences in overall outcomes. Methods: RV free wall longitudinal strain (FWS) and fractional area change were calculated preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively using speckle-tracking echocardiography analysis. A total of 172 patients (86 women, 86 men) were then propensity score matched (1:1) for comparison. Results: Although women had higher preoperative CHA2DS2-VASc scores and more frequent moderate mitral regurgitation than men (P = 0.018), the preoperative hemodynamic parameters were similar. Preoperative RV-FWS was -6.7% in women and -6.0% in men (P = 0.65). Postoperatively, women had more progression to severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) than men (15% vs 7%, P = 0.06). At 3 months the RV-FWS was -7.7% in women and -7.0% in men (P = 0.59). Postoperative TR was moderate-severe in 20% of women and in 9% of men (P = 0.001). Women had a higher incidence of venous thromboembolism, cardiac arrhythmias, and bleeding compared with men. Women also had higher mortality rates at discharge and 30 days after surgery, but the survival rates at 5 years were similar. Conclusions: RV strain measurements track standard hemodynamic and echocardiographic parameters and confirm that gender differences in outcomes following LVAD implantation are not related to gender differences in RV failure rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga N Kislitsina
- Division of Cardiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, 12244Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Division of Cardiac Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, 3270Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jonathan D Rich
- Division of Cardiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, 12244Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jane E Wilcox
- Division of Cardiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, 12244Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Esther E Vorovich
- Division of Cardiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, 12244Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tingqing Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, 12244Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrei Churyla
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, 3270Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rebecca S Harap
- Division of Cardiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, 12244Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Adin-Christian Andrei
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, 3270Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Patrick M McCarthy
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, 3270Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Clyde W Yancy
- Division of Cardiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, 12244Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Duc Thin Pham
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, 3270Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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10
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The frequency of postoperative BNP measurement and intervention threshold of BNP concentration in pediatric cardiac intensive care unit: a prospective multicenter observational study. J Anesth 2022; 36:367-373. [PMID: 35274159 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-022-03052-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to investigate the current status of postoperative BNP measurement in the pediatric cardiac intensive care unit (PCICU). METHODS This was a prospective multicenter observational study. Children under 15 years old who underwent pediatric cardiac surgery were included. Postoperatively, all BNP measurement was collected in PCICU. We checked whether each BNP measurement was used for the decision-making of intervention or not. We divided the BNP measurements into 4 groups: group A 0-299 pg/ml (reference), group B 300-999 pg/ml, group C 1000-1999 pg/ml, group D ≧ 2000 pg/ml. We performed logistic regression analysis to compare the intervention ratio between group A and B, C, D. We also did multiple comparison analyses to compare the intervention ratio in each group. RESULTS Thirty-nine (15.8%) measurements were used as a criterion to intervene in all BNP measurements. There was no protocol for the measurement of BNP in all institutions. The number of BNP measurements in each group is as follows: group A 113 (45.9%), group B 81 (32.9%), group C 45 (18.3%), group D 7 (2.8%). The intervention ratio in each group was 6.2% (group A), 8.6% (group B), 44.4% (group C), and 71.4% (group D). The intervention ratio of group C and D were significantly higher than group A: (Odds ratio (95%CI): 12.1(4.8-33.9), p < 0.0001, 25.2(5.2-146.2), p < 0.0001). The result of multiple comparisons is similar to logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSION High BNP concentration, especially more than 1000 pg/ml, was more often intervened upon compared to that of less than 1000 pg/ml.
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11
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Yang YY, Liu CT, Pai LF, Hu CF, Chen SJ, Hsu WF. Case Report: First Case of Non-restrictive Ventricular Septal Defect With Congestive Heart Failure in a Chinese Han Male Infant Carrying a Class II Chromosome 17p13.3 Microduplication. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:825298. [PMID: 35311053 PMCID: PMC8926061 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.825298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome 17p13.3 microduplication syndrome is considered a multisystem disorder that results in a wide variety of clinical manifestations including dysmorphic facial characteristics, brain structural malformations, developmental restriction, growth restriction, and neurocognitive disorders. The two major classes of chromosome 17p13.3 microduplication, which have different clinical presentations, are associated with specific genetic regions. Among the various known phenotypes, scattered cases with congenital heart disease (CHD) have been reported for both classes of chromosome 17p13.3 microduplication syndrome. Unfortunately, there is insufficient understanding of the correlation between chromosome anomaly induced alterations in gene expression and aberrant cardiac development, and thus early diagnosis of CHD among patients with chromosome 17p13.3 microduplication is difficult without routine prenatal cardiac assessment. One such congenital heart anomalies known to affect a substantial number of newborns worldwide is ventricular septal defect (VSD), which has been found in 17p13.3 microduplication carriers, and seems to sometimes undergo spontaneous closure. We report an unprecedented case of moderate sized perimembranous-outlet VSD and congestive heart failure (CHF) in a Chinese Han male infant with a class II chromosome 17p13.3 microduplication. Despite the fact that cytogenic testing and fetal echocardiography confirmed a 249-Kb chromosome duplication within 17p13.3 that encompassed the PAFAH1B1 gene and showed the presence of VSD during prenatal period, this patient still developed a range of symptoms including sustained prolonged feeding, dyspnea, diaphoresis and retarded growth. A physical examination indicated hepatomegaly and a grade III/VI pan-systolic murmur along the left upper sternal border. Laboratory testing showed a high serum pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (pro-BNP). Imaging studies revealed cardiomegaly and a persistent VSD with related pulmonary stenosis. Since the clinical findings were compatible with CHF, we provided mainline treatment with digoxin, captopril, and furosemide, as well as fluid restriction. Despite sustained poor weight gain, the feeding behavior and the respiratory conditions of the patient improved gradually. This case report and literature review suggest that patients carrying chromosome 17p13.3 microduplication who have VSD may have an increased risk of developing CHF as young infants and hence a comprehensive cardiac evaluation is warranted to allow the early diagnosis and management of any severe heart anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Yu Yang
- Department of General Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ting Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Fan Pai
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Fen Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shyi-Jou Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Fu Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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12
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Palm J, Holdenrieder S, Hoffmann G, Hörer J, Shi R, Klawonn F, Ewert P. Predicting Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Children With Age-Adjusted NT-proBNP. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 78:1890-1900. [PMID: 34736565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is frequently used as a valuable prognostic biomarker in cardiac diseases. In children, however, it has not been established because of its strong age dependency. To overcome this obstacle, we recently introduced the zlog value of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (zlog-proBNP) as an age-adjusted reference. OBJECTIVES This study evaluates the prognostic power of zlog-proBNP for the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) throughout childhood in patients with congenital heart diseases (CHD). METHODS A total of 910 children with CHD (median age 5 months; range 0.0-18.0 years) were included. MACE was defined as death, resuscitation, mechanical circulatory support, or hospitalization caused by cardiac decompensation. Because the physiological NT-proBNP concentration decreases significantly during childhood, zlog values were applied for an age-independent evaluation. RESULTS MACE occurred in 138 children during a median follow-up of 6 months (range 1 day to 7.6 years). High zlog-proBNP values (>+3.0) were most strongly associated with adverse events (n = 93; adjusted HR: 21.1; 95% CI: 2.9-154.2; P < 0.001). Among all evaluated indicators, zlog-proBNP was the best predictor for MACE (adjusted HR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.31-1.76; P < 0.001) along with age and predictively superior to absolute NT-proBNP values. A cutoff value of +1.96 (age-independent upper limit of the physiological NT-proBNP concentration) achieved a negative predictive value of >96%. CONCLUSIONS Zlog-proBNP overcomes the strong age dependency of NT-proBNP and is a powerful prognostic marker for age-independent exclusion and prediction of MACE in children with CHD. We therefore expect zlog-proBNP to play a pivotal role in the future management of children with heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Palm
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Defects, German Heart Center of the Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Stefan Holdenrieder
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, German Heart Center of the Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Hoffmann
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, German Heart Center of the Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hörer
- Department for Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, German Heart Center of the Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; Division for Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, University Hospital Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Ruibing Shi
- Biostatistics, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Frank Klawonn
- Biostatistics, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany; Institute for Information Engineering, Ostfalia University of Applied Sciences, Wolfenbuttel, Germany
| | - Peter Ewert
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Defects, German Heart Center of the Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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13
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Weisert M, Su J. Risk stratification and management of decompensated heart failure in pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy: Questions and opportunities. PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ppedcard.2021.101409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Melena I, Bjornstad P, Schäfer M, Hunter KS, Barker AJ, Baumgartner A, Chung L, Wiromrat P, Truong U, Reusch JEB, Nadeau KJ. Serum copeptin and NT-proBNP is associated with central aortic stiffness and flow hemodynamics in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: A pilot study. J Diabetes Complications 2021; 35:107883. [PMID: 33712333 PMCID: PMC8957479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2021.107883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of mortality in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Biomarkers, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and copeptin have been linked with measures of CVD, but their relationship in adolescents with T1D remains incompletely understood. Accordingly, we examined the associations between NT-proBNP and copeptin and hemodynamic markers of central aortic stiffness in adolescents with T1D. METHODS In this pilot study, forty-nine pubertal adolescents with T1D (mean age 17 ± 2 years, median [Q1-Q3] Tanner Stage 5 [5, 5] and HbA1c 8.5 ± 1.5%), from the EMERALD study, were assessed for copeptin and NT-proBNP, and indices of central aortic stiffness non-invasively assessed by MRI. Pearson correlations and generalized linear regression models, adjusting for confounders, were applied to examine the relationships between biomarkers and vascular measures. RESULTS Copeptin correlated independently with both ascending aortic (AA) (β ± SE: -4.28 ± 1.87, p = 0.03) and descending aortic (DA) relative area change (RAC) (-3.41 ± 1.55, p = 0.04). NT-proBNP was independently associated with DA time-averaged wall shear stress (WSSTA) (0.87 ± 0.25, p = 0.001) and DA maximum wall shear stress (WSSmax) (2.45 ± 1.00, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Serum copeptin and NT-proBNP may be associated with central aortic stiffness and elevated WSS in youth with T1D, potentially offering a non-invasive way to identify and monitor the development of early CVD in an at-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Melena
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Petter Bjornstad
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Michal Schäfer
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kendall S Hunter
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alex J Barker
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Amy Baumgartner
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Linh Chung
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Pattara Wiromrat
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Uyen Truong
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jane E B Reusch
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kristen J Nadeau
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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15
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Clinical significance of ischemia-like electrocardiographic finding during heart failure treatment on left ventricular recovery in patients with non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. J Cardiol 2021; 78:142-149. [PMID: 33618973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2021.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) often show ischemia-like electrocardiographic findings. We aimed to elucidate the clinical impact of ischemia-like electrocardiographic findings in DCM, focusing on left ventricular reverse remodeling (LVRR). METHODS We evaluated 195 patients hospitalized with heart failure (HF) and diagnosed with DCM. All patients underwent twelve-lead electrocardiography (ECG) and echocardiography during hospitalization and at the 2-year follow-up. RESULTS During hospitalization, 152 (78%) patients experienced ischemia-like ECG findings (Minnesota codes I3, IV1-3, V1-3, or VII1); 43 patients (22%, non-ischemia-like group) did not experience these findings. Ischemia-like ECG findings were normalized during hospitalization in 64 patients (33%, transient-ischemia-like group) but were unchanged in 88 patients (45%, persistent-ischemia-like group). The highest rates of LVRR, defined as an increase in LV ejection fraction from ≥10% to a final value of ≥35%, along with decreased LV end-diastolic dimension of ≥10% during 2 years of follow-up, were shown in the transient-ischemia-like group (transient-ischemia-like group, 91%; persistent-ischemia-like group, 40%; non-ischemia-like-group, 51%; p < 0.001). The transient-ischemia-like group had lowest composite event rates, including readmission for HF, the detection of major ventricular arrhythmia, and sudden cardiac death. CONCLUSIONS Normalization of ischemia-like ECG findings during the first HF treatments was associated with a higher occurrence of mid-term LVRR and favorable long-term outcome in patients with DCM.
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16
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Salem SS, Saleh NY, Soliman SE, Abo-Haded HM. On-admission plasma levels of BNP, MR-proADM, and cTnI in pediatric heart failure: contributions to diagnosis, prognosis, and outcome. Ir J Med Sci 2021; 191:263-270. [PMID: 33564973 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-021-02533-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to evaluate the use of on-admission plasma levels of BNP, MR-proADM, and cTnI in diagnosing the clinical severity and progression of heart failure (HF) in children with CHD. Also, to correlate the levels of these biomarkers with the HF outcome (survival versus in-hospital mortality). RESULTS A prospective cohort study conducted in period from January 2017 to March 2018. All children presenting with HF had a Ross score assessment, echocardiography, and on-admission plasma level assay of BNP, MR-proADM, and cTnI. Patients were followed clinically throughout their hospital stay. The discriminatory power of on-admission measurement of each biomarker was determined using the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC). The results showed a significantly high on-admission plasma level of the 3 biomarkers among CHD cohort children than healthy controls (p < 0.001). Linear correlation was noted between the 3 biomarkers with Ross score, ejection fraction, and duration of hospital stay. Furthermore, significant association between on-admission level of the 3 biomarkers (BNP, MR-proADM, and cTnI) with patient's in-hospital mortality (p = 0.0003, Beta coefficient = 0.842; p = 0.0495, Beta coefficient = 0.183; and p < 0.001, Beta coefficient = 0.635, respectively), with on-admission BNP (cut of point 507.13) predicting in-hospital mortality, with 95.5% sensitivity, 88% specificity. CONCLUSIONS There is a high diagnostic value of measuring the on-admission levels of BNP, MR-proADM, and cTnI regarding the clinical severity and disease progression in the setting of pediatric heart failure, but the BNP level was more superior in prediction of the patients' outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif S Salem
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Nagwan Y Saleh
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Shimaa E Soliman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Hany M Abo-Haded
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
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17
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Loss KL, Shaddy RE, Kantor PF. Recent and Upcoming Drug Therapies for Pediatric Heart Failure. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:681224. [PMID: 34858897 PMCID: PMC8632454 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.681224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric heart failure (HF) is an important clinical condition with high morbidity, mortality, and costs. Due to the heterogeneity in clinical presentation and etiologies, the development of therapeutic strategies is more challenging in children than adults. Most guidelines recommending drug therapy for pediatric HF are extrapolated from studies in adults. Unfortunately, even using all available treatment, progression to cardiac transplantation is common. The development of prospective clinical trials in the pediatric population has significant obstacles, including small sample sizes, slow recruitment rates, challenging endpoints, and high costs. However, progress is being made as evidenced by the recent introduction of ivabradine and of sacubitril/valsartan. In the last 5 years, new drugs have also been developed for HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) in adults. The use of well-designed prospective clinical trials will be fundamental in the evaluation of safety and efficacy of these new drugs on the pediatric population. The aim of this article is to review the clinical presentation and management of acute and chronic pediatric heart failure, focusing on systolic dysfunction in patients with biventricular circulation and a systemic left ventricle. We discuss the drugs recently approved for children and those emerging, or in use for adults with HFrEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla L Loss
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Robert E Shaddy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Paul F Kantor
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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18
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Ragusa R, Di Molfetta A, Amodeo A, Trivella MG, Caselli C. Pathophysiology and molecular signalling in pediatric heart failure and VAD therapy. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 510:751-759. [PMID: 32949569 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Heart Failure (HF) is a progressive clinical syndrome characterized by molecular and structural abnormalities that result in impaired ventricular filling and a reduced blood ejection. In pediatric patients, HF represents an important cause of morbidity and mortality, but underlying cause, presentation and disease course remains unclear in many cases. It is evident that a child is not a "small adult" and findings are not comparable. The adoption of a standardized clinical and surgical tools as well as increased biomolecular research and therapeutic trials targeting pediatric patients with HF would greatly improve the management of this special class of patients. This review examines the most current information about the pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms related to HF in children to identify gaps in our knowledge base to further improve clinical care and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosetta Ragusa
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy; Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Arianna Di Molfetta
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Amodeo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
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A single center experience in pediatric cardiomyopathy. Risk factors, outcomes and the effect of levosimendan. PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ppedcard.2020.101201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Abstract
Pediatric heart failure (PHF) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity. Whereas ischemic heart disease is the most important cause of heart failure in adults, congenital heart diseases (CHD) and cardiomyopathies are important etiologies of PHF. Management of PHF also differs from that of adults. Here authors have reviewed the literature on PHF with respect to etiology, symptoms, investigations and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manojkumar Rohit
- Department of Cardiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Sudhansu Budakoty
- Department of Cardiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
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21
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Chunbin W, Han W, Lin C. Efficacy of Vitamin D on Chronic Heart Failure Among Adults. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2020; 90:49-58. [PMID: 30987550 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Vitamin D deficiency commonly occurs in chronic heart failure. Whether additional vitamin D supplementation can be beneficial to adults with chronic heart failure remains unclear. We conducted a meta-analysis to derive a more precise estimation. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched on September 8, 2016. Seven randomized controlled trials that investigated the effects of vitamin D on cardiovascular outcomes in adults with chronic heart failure, and comprised 592 patients, were included in the analysis. Compared to placebo, vitamin D, at doses ranging from 2,000 IU/day to 50,000 IU/week, could not improve left ventricular ejection fraction (Weighted mean difference, WMD = 3.31, 95% confidence interval, CL = −0.93 to 7.55, P < 0.001, I2 = 92.1%); it also exerts no beneficial effects on the 6 minute walk distance (WMD = 18.84, 95% CL = −24.85 to 62.52, P = 0.276, I2 = 22.4%) and natriuretic peptide (Standardized mean difference, SMD = −0.39, 95% confidence interval CL = −0.48 to 0.69, P < 0.001, I2 = 92.4%). However, a dose-response analysis from two studies demonstrated an improved left ventricular ejection fraction with vitamin D at a dose of 4,000 IU/day (WMD = 6.58, 95% confidence interval CL = −4.04 to 9.13, P = 0.134, I2 = 55.4%). The results showed that high dose vitamin D treatment could potentially benefit adults with chronic heart failure, but more randomized controlled trials are required to confirm this result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Chunbin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Chengdu Clinical College of Chongqing Medical University, Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Si Chuan, China
| | - Wang Han
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Chengdu Clinical College of Chongqing Medical University, Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Si Chuan, China
| | - Cai Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Chengdu Clinical College of Chongqing Medical University, Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Si Chuan, China
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22
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Tsutsui H, Isobe M, Ito H, Ito H, Okumura K, Ono M, Kitakaze M, Kinugawa K, Kihara Y, Goto Y, Komuro I, Saiki Y, Saito Y, Sakata Y, Sato N, Sawa Y, Shiose A, Shimizu W, Shimokawa H, Seino Y, Node K, Higo T, Hirayama A, Makaya M, Masuyama T, Murohara T, Momomura SI, Yano M, Yamazaki K, Yamamoto K, Yoshikawa T, Yoshimura M, Akiyama M, Anzai T, Ishihara S, Inomata T, Imamura T, Iwasaki YK, Ohtani T, Onishi K, Kasai T, Kato M, Kawai M, Kinugasa Y, Kinugawa S, Kuratani T, Kobayashi S, Sakata Y, Tanaka A, Toda K, Noda T, Nochioka K, Hatano M, Hidaka T, Fujino T, Makita S, Yamaguchi O, Ikeda U, Kimura T, Kohsaka S, Kosuge M, Yamagishi M, Yamashina A. JCS 2017/JHFS 2017 Guideline on Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure - Digest Version. Circ J 2019; 83:2084-2184. [PMID: 31511439 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-19-0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 411] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tsutsui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | | | - Hiroshi Ito
- Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Division of Biophysiological Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Ken Okumura
- Division of Cardiology, Saiseikai Kumamoto Hospital Cardiovascular Center
| | - Minoru Ono
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Masafumi Kitakaze
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Development, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | | | - Yasuki Kihara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | | | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Yoshikatsu Saiki
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yoshihiko Saito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University
| | - Yasushi Sakata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Naoki Sato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kawaguchi Cardiovascular and Respiratory Hospital
| | - Yoshiki Sawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Akira Shiose
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Wataru Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Hiroaki Shimokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Koichi Node
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University
| | - Taiki Higo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Atsushi Hirayama
- The Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Tohru Masuyama
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Masafumi Yano
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kenji Yamazaki
- Department of Cardiology Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University
| | - Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University
| | | | - Michihiro Yoshimura
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine
| | - Masatoshi Akiyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Toshihisa Anzai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Shiro Ishihara
- Department of Cardiology, Nippon Medical School Musashi-Kosugi Hospital
| | - Takayuki Inomata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital
| | | | - Yu-Ki Iwasaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Tomohito Ohtani
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Takatoshi Kasai
- Cardiovascular Respiratory Sleep Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Mahoto Kato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nihon University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Makoto Kawai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine
| | | | - Shintaro Kinugawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Toru Kuratani
- Department of Minimally Invasive Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Shigeki Kobayashi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yasuhiko Sakata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Koichi Toda
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Takashi Noda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Kotaro Nochioka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Masaru Hatano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital
| | | | - Takeo Fujino
- Department of Advanced Cardiopulmonary Failure, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Shigeru Makita
- Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center
| | - Osamu Yamaguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Takeshi Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University
| | - Shun Kohsaka
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Masami Kosuge
- Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center
| | - Masakazu Yamagishi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Akira Yamashina
- Medical Education Promotion Center, Tokyo Medical University
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Houston KA, Gibb J, Olupot-Olupot P, Obonyo N, Mpoya A, Nakuya M, Muhindo R, Uyoga S, Evans JA, Connon R, Gibb DM, George EC, Maitland K. Gastroenteritis aggressive versus slow treatment for rehydration (GASTRO): a phase II rehydration trial for severe dehydration: WHO plan C versus slow rehydration. BMC Med 2019; 17:122. [PMID: 31256761 PMCID: PMC6600884 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-019-1356-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND World Health Organization rehydration management guidelines (plan C) for severe dehydration are widely practiced in resource-poor settings, but never formally evaluated in a trial. The Fluid Expansion as a Supportive Therapy trial raised concerns regarding the safety of bolus therapy for septic shock, warranting a formal evaluation of rehydration therapy for gastroenteritis. METHODS A multi-centre open-label phase II randomised controlled trial evaluated two rehydration strategies in 122 Ugandan/Kenyan children aged 60 days to 12 years with severe dehydration secondary to gastroenteritis. We compared the safety and efficacy of standard rapid rehydration using Ringer's lactate (100 ml/kg over 3 h (6 h if < 1 year), incorporating 0.9% saline boluses for children with shock (plan C) versus slower rehydration: 100 ml/kg Ringer's lactate over 8 h (all ages) without boluses (slow: experimental). The primary outcome was the frequency of serious adverse events (SAE) within 48 h including cardiovascular, respiratory and neurological complications. Secondary outcomes included clinical, biochemical and physiological measures of response to treatment by intravenous rehydration. RESULTS One hundred twenty-two eligible children (median (IQR) age 8 (6-12) months) were randomised to plan C (n = 61) or slow (n = 61), with two (2%) lost to follow-up at day 7). Following randomisation mean (SD) time to start intravenous rehydration started was 15 min (18) in both arms. Mean (SD) fluid received by 1 hour was greater in plan C (mean 20.2 ml/kg (12.2) and 33.1 ml/kg (17) for children < 1 year and >- 1 year respectively) versus 10.4 ml/kg (6.6) in slow arm. By 8 hours volume received were similar mean (SD) plan C: 96.3 ml/kg (15.6) and 97.8 ml/kg (10.0) for children < 1 and ≥ 1 year respectively vs 93.2 ml/kg (12.2) in slow arm. By 48-h, three (5%) plan C vs two (3%) slow had an SAE (risk ratio 0.67, 95% CI 0.12-3.85, p = 0.65). There was no difference in time to the correction of dehydration (p = 0.9) or time to discharge (p = 0.8) between groups. Atrial natriuretic peptide levels rose substantially by 8 hours in both arms, which persisted to day 7. Day 7 weights suggested only 33 (29%) could be retrospectively classified as severely dehydration (≥ 10% weight loss). CONCLUSION Slower rehydration over 8 hours appears to be safe, easier to implement than plan C. Future large trials with mortality as the primary endpoint are warranted. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN67518332 . Date applied 31 August 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty A. Houston
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, St Mary’s Campus, Norfolk Place, Imperial College, London, W2 1PG UK
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Jack Gibb
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, St Mary’s Campus, Norfolk Place, Imperial College, London, W2 1PG UK
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Peter Olupot-Olupot
- Mbale Clinical Research Institute, Pallisa Road, PO Box 291, Mbale, Uganda
- Mbale Regional Referral Hospital, Pallisa Road, PO Box 291, Mbale, Uganda
| | - Nchafatso Obonyo
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Ayub Mpoya
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Margaret Nakuya
- Soroti Regional Referral Hospital, PO Box 289, Soroti, Uganda
| | - Rita Muhindo
- Mbale Clinical Research Institute, Pallisa Road, PO Box 291, Mbale, Uganda
- Mbale Regional Referral Hospital, Pallisa Road, PO Box 291, Mbale, Uganda
| | - Sophie Uyoga
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Jennifer A. Evans
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XW Wales UK
| | - Roisin Connon
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL 90 High Holborn, 2nd Floor, London, WC1V 6LJ UK
| | - Diana M. Gibb
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL 90 High Holborn, 2nd Floor, London, WC1V 6LJ UK
| | - Elizabeth C. George
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL 90 High Holborn, 2nd Floor, London, WC1V 6LJ UK
| | - Kathryn Maitland
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, St Mary’s Campus, Norfolk Place, Imperial College, London, W2 1PG UK
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya
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24
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Nakada Y, Kawakami R, Matsushima S, Ide T, Kanaoka K, Ueda T, Ishihara S, Nishida T, Onoue K, Soeda T, Okayama S, Watanabe M, Okura H, Tsuchihashi-Makaya M, Tsutsui H, Saito Y. Simple Risk Score to Predict Survival in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure - A 2B Score. Circ J 2019; 83:1019-1024. [PMID: 30842361 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-18-1116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prognosis after acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is poor. An appropriate risk score that would allow for improved care and treatment of ADHF patients after discharge, however, is lacking. Methods and Results: We used 2 HF cohorts, the NARA-HF study and JCARE-CARD, as derivation and validation cohorts, respectively. The primary endpoint was all-cause death during the 2-year follow-up, excluding in-hospital death. Age, hemoglobin (Hb), and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) at discharge were identified as independent risk factors. We determined 3 categorizations on the basis of these parameters, termed A2B score: age (<65 years, 0; 65-74 years, 1; ≥75 years, 2), anemia (Hb <10 g/dL, 2; 10-11.9 g/dL, 1; ≥12 g/dL, 0) and BNP (<200 pg/mL, 0; 200-499 pg/mL, 1; ≥500 pg/mL, 2). We divided patients into 4 groups according to A2B score (extremely low, 0; low, 1-2; medium, 3-4; high, 5-6). For the extremely low-risk group, the 2-year survival rate was 97.8%, compared with 84.5%, 66.1%, and 45.2% for the low-, medium-, and high-risk groups, respectively. Using the JCARE-CARD as a validation model, for the extremely low-risk group, the 2-year survival was 95.4%, compared with 90.2%, 75.0%, and 55.6% for the low-, medium-, and high-risk groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The user-friendly A2B score is useful for estimating survival rate in ADHF patients at discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuki Nakada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University
| | - Rika Kawakami
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University
| | - Shouji Matsushima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Tomomi Ide
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Koshiro Kanaoka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University
| | - Tomoya Ueda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University
| | - Satomi Ishihara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University
| | - Taku Nishida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University
| | - Kenji Onoue
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University
| | - Tsunenari Soeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University
| | - Satoshi Okayama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University
| | - Makoto Watanabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University
| | - Hiroyuki Okura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University
| | | | - Hiroyuki Tsutsui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Yoshihiko Saito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University
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25
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Zhang X, Nie X, Yuan S, Li H, Fan J, Li C, Sun Y, Zhao Y, Hou H, Wang DW, Chen C. Circulating Long Non-coding RNA ENST00000507296 Is a Prognostic Indicator in Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 16:82-90. [PMID: 30852379 PMCID: PMC6409414 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. However, whether circulating lncRNAs serve as dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) biomarkers remains unclear. Methods: Totally, 266 controls and 818 patients were enrolled. First, microarray-based circulating lncRNA profiling was performed in 10 normal controls and 10 patients with DCM. Second, the top 20 differentially expressed lncRNAs were validated by real-time qPCR in 64 controls and 64 DCM patients. Moreover, lncRNA sequencing was performed in three human heart-derived cell types, and the correlation between circulating lncRNA levels and the severity of heart failure was evaluated in the validated population. The validated two lncRNAs were assessed in 198 DCM patients and 198 matched controls. Finally, the sensitivity and specificity of circulating lncRNA expression in DCM diagnosis were evaluated using receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis, while Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier curve analysis were further performed in 552 DCM patients. Results: Eight candidate lncRNA biomarkers were obtained after microarray screening and real-time PCR validation. Among them, five were validated in the second cohort. However, only the levels of circulating lncRNA ENST00000507296 and ENST00000532365 were significantly correlated with the cardiac function, as well as detectable in at least one of the human heart-derived cell types by lncRNA-seq. Importantly, low circulating ENST00000507296 level was associated with high event-free survival in patients with DCM. Conclusions: Circulating lncRNA ENST00000507296 was a prognostic biomarker in patients with DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Nie
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huaping Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahui Fan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenze Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanru Zhao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiying Hou
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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26
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Aikawa T, Takeda A, Oyama-Manabe N, Naya M, Yamazawa H, Koyanagawa K, Ito YM, Anzai T. Progressive left ventricular dysfunction and myocardial fibrosis in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy: a longitudinal cardiovascular magnetic resonance study. Pediatr Cardiol 2019; 40:384-392. [PMID: 30564867 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-018-2046-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the progression of left ventricular dysfunction and myocardial fibrosis in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) or Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) to evaluate the effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI). Ninety-eight cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) studies in 34 consecutive patients with DMD (n = 21) or BMD (n = 13) were retrospectively reviewed. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and the extent of myocardial late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) were semiautomatically quantified. During the study period, five patients had already been treated with ACEI at the first CMR; five were started on ACEI at LVEF ≥ 55% and 10 at LVEF < 55%. All patients had hyperenhanced myocardium on LGE images at the first CMR (median extent, 3.3%; interquartile range 0.1-14.3%). A mixed-effects model for longitudinal data of each patient, adjusted for age, type of muscular dystrophy, steroid use, and ACEI use showed that higher age (β = - 1.1%/year; 95% confidence interval [CI], - 1.8% to - 0.4%; p = 0.005) and no use of ACEI (β = - 3.1%; 95% CI, - 5.4% to - 0.8%; p = 0.009) were significantly associated with a lower LVEF. When ACEI use was stratified by time of initiation (LVEF ≥ 55% vs. < 55%), only ACEI initiation at LVEF < 55% had a beneficial effect on LVEF at each imaging examination (β = 3.7%; 95% CI, 0.9-6.4%; p = 0.010). ACEI use or the time of initiation of ACEI did not significantly affect age-related increase in LGE. ACEI attenuated the age-related decline in LVEF only in patients with DMD or BMD and reduced LVEF, suggesting that further investigation on prophylactic use of cardioprotective therapy in these patients is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadao Aikawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita-14, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8648, Japan
| | - Atsuhito Takeda
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita-14, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8648, Japan
| | - Noriko Oyama-Manabe
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita-14, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8648, Japan.
| | - Masanao Naya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita-14, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8648, Japan
| | - Hirokuni Yamazawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita-14, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8648, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Koyanagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita-14, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8648, Japan
| | - Yoichi M Ito
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Anzai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita-14, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8648, Japan
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Association of left atrial pressure with left atrial volume and N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide in children with cardiomyopathy. Cardiol Young 2018; 28:1333-1337. [PMID: 30060778 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951118001312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enlargement of the left atrium is a non-invasive marker of diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle, a determinant of prognosis in children with cardiomyopathy. Similarly, N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide is a useful marker in the management of children with cardiomyopathy and heart failure. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association of left atrial pressures with left atrial volume and N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide in children with cardiomyopathy. METHODS This was a retrospective study reviewing the medical records of patients <18 years of age, who were diagnosed with cardiomyopathy or acute myocarditis with eventual development of cardiomyopathy. Left atrial volume by transthoracic echocardiogram and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, a surrogate of left atrial pressure, obtained by means of cardiac catheterisation were analysed. In addition, N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide levels obtained at the time of the cardiac catheterisation were also reviewed. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the association of left atrial pressures with left atrial volume and N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide levels. RESULTS There was a linear correlation of left atrial pressure estimated in the cardiac catheterisation with indexed left atrial volume (r=0.63; p<0.001) and left atrial volume z-scores (r=0.59; p<0.001). We found no statistically significant association between the left atrial pressure and N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide levels. CONCLUSIONS Left atrial volume measured non-invasively by echocardiography can be used as a surrogate for left atrial pressure in assessing diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle in children with cardiomyopathy. The larger the size of the left atrium, worse is the diastolic function of the left ventricle.
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28
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Fenton MJ, Horne P, Simmonds J, Neligan SL, Andrews RE, Burch M. Potential for and timing of recovery in children with dilated cardiomyopathy. Int J Cardiol 2018; 266:162-166. [PMID: 29887441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.12.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Understanding the clinical course and time-frame for recovery is helpful to guide management and counselling following a diagnosis of Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM). We aimed to document outcomes and time to recovery for a cohort of patients with a dilated cardiomyopathy phenotype. METHODS An observational cohort methodology was used to collect retrospective data from the departmental database for those identified with DCM. Data relating to mode of presentation, echocardiographic parameters, clinical management and outcome were collated and analysed. Predictors and time-scale for recovery were investigated and reported. RESULTS 209 new referrals were included within the time frame. 82 children median age 1.0years (IQR 3.4) required intensive care (ICU) and their survival without death or transplant was 51% to one year and 45% to five years. 127 children presented to the pediatric heart failure clinic. Excluding 58 with neuromuscular disease, median age was 4.1years (IQR 11.3) & survival without death or transplant 85% to 1year and 50% to 5years. NT-proBNP normalized in survivors before echocardiographic parameters. Predictors of recovery included younger age, female sex and smaller left ventricular end diastolic Z score on echocardiogram at presentation. CONCLUSION Transplant-free survival to one year is significantly better for patients presenting to clinic, but longer-term survival is better amongst those presenting to ICU due to a late attrition in those with less severe heart failure at presentation. Falling NT-proBNP is the earliest marker of recovery. Recovery of cardiac function remains possible up to three years from presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Fenton
- Cardiothoracic Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK.
| | - Philippa Horne
- Cardiothoracic Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Jacob Simmonds
- Cardiothoracic Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Sophie L Neligan
- Cardiothoracic Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Rachel E Andrews
- Cardiothoracic Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Michael Burch
- Cardiothoracic Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK
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Improved 6 Minute Walk Distance and Brain-Type Natriuretic Peptide After Continuous-Flow Ventricular Assist Device Placement in Children. ASAIO J 2018; 65:725-730. [PMID: 30161035 DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000000865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite increasing continuous-flow ventricular assist device (CF-VAD) use in children, minimal data exist regarding the functional recovery and rehabilitation potential after device placement. We hypothesized that after CF-VAD implantation, children would demonstrate a time-limited improvement in 6 minute walk distance (6MWD) and brain-type natriuretic peptide (BNP). A retrospective cohort study of 27 patients was conducted, those <18 years of age at a tertiary-care center during the study period. Seventy-four percent were male; median age was 12.7 years. Six minute walk distance and BNP were evaluated within 365 days of implantation. Associations were examined before and after 90 days postimplantation because a plateau in both values was seen after 90 days. Data included 92 6MWD and 341 BNP values. In the first 90 days, 6MWD increased by 12 percent predicted (%P) per 30 days (P < 0.01); with no significant change thereafter, increasing 0.6 %P per 30 days (P = 0.482). In the first 90 days, BNP decreased by 59% per 30 days (P < 0.01); with no significant change thereafter, increasing 1.2% per 30 days (P = 0.561). Six minute walk distance and BNP improved after CF-VAD implantation, with a significant improvement only in the first 90 days. Routine use of 6MWD and BNP can help in assessment of functional recovery in children after CF-VAD placement.
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Ragusa R, Prontera C, Di Molfetta A, Cabiati M, Masotti S, Del Ry S, Amodeo A, Trivella MG, Clerico A, Caselli C. Time-course of circulating cardiac and inflammatory biomarkers after Ventricular Assist Device implantation: Comparison between paediatric and adult patients. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 486:88-93. [PMID: 30040920 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ventricular Assist Device (VAD) as bridge to transplantation is a common therapy for adult with heart failure (HF), but VAD use is increasing also in children. Cardiac and inflammatory biomarkers have an important role in the diagnosis and prognosis of HF in adults, but their role in paediatric setting is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine changes in cardiac and inflammatory biomarkers, both in HF paediatric and adult patients, before and following VAD. METHODS Cardiac (NT-proBNP, cTnI, sST2,Gal-3) and inflammatory (IL-6,IL-8) biomarkers were determined in plasma collected from 12 paediatric patients and 7 adult patients with HF, before and at 4 h,1,3,7,14 and 30 days after VAD implant. RESULTS All biomarkers increased up to 1 day after VAD implant and then decreased at pre-VAD levels in 1 month in both groups. Only in children, NT-proBNP decreased significantly after 30 days Post-VAD treatment compared to pre-VAD levels. During the post-operative time-course, NT-proBNP and sST2 were significantly higher in children than adults, while IL-6 was lower. CONCLUSIONS Cardiac and inflammatory biomarkers were differently modified by VAD implant in children compared to adults. These preliminary data could suggest that different molecular pathways may underlie HF patho-physiology of the two groups, possibly paving the way to a specific and targeted therapeutic intervention in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosetta Ragusa
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Institute of Life Sciences, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Manuela Cabiati
- CNR, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Masotti
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Institute of Life Sciences, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Del Ry
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Institute of Life Sciences, Pisa, Italy; CNR, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Amodeo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ospedale Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Trivella
- CNR, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pisa, Italy
| | - Aldo Clerico
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Institute of Life Sciences, Pisa, Italy; Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Caselli
- CNR, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pisa, Italy.
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Weintraub RG, Semsarian C, Macdonald P. Dilated cardiomyopathy. Lancet 2017; 390:400-414. [PMID: 28190577 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31713-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 385] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy is defined by the presence of left ventricular dilatation and contractile dysfunction. Genetic mutations involving genes that encode cytoskeletal, sarcomere, and nuclear envelope proteins, among others, account for up to 35% of cases. Acquired causes include myocarditis and exposure to alcohol, drugs and toxins, and metabolic and endocrine disturbances. The most common presenting symptoms relate to congestive heart failure, but can also include circulatory collapse, arrhythmias, and thromboembolic events. Secondary neurohormonal changes contribute to reverse remodelling and ongoing myocyte damage. The prognosis is worst for individuals with the lowest ejection fractions or severe diastolic dysfunction. Treatment of chronic heart failure comprises medications that improve survival and reduce hospital admission-namely, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and β blockers. Other interventions include enrolment in a multidisciplinary heart failure service, and device therapy for arrhythmia management and sudden death prevention. Patients who are refractory to medical therapy might benefit from mechanical circulatory support and heart transplantation. Treatment of preclinical disease and the potential role of stem-cell therapy are being investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Weintraub
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Christopher Semsarian
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology, Centenary Institute and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Macdonald
- St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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The potential of novel peptides in the management of children with Congenital Heart Disease: Above and beyond the BNP. PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ppedcard.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Obonyo N, Brent B, Olupot-Olupot P, Boele van Hensbroek M, Kuipers I, Wong S, Shiino K, Chan J, Fraser J, van Woensel JBM, Maitland K. Myocardial and haemodynamic responses to two fluid regimens in African children with severe malnutrition and hypovolaemic shock (AFRIM study). Crit Care 2017; 21:103. [PMID: 28468633 PMCID: PMC5415747 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-017-1679-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluid therapy in severely malnourished children is hypothesized to be deleterious owing to compromised cardiac function. We evaluated World Health Organization (WHO) fluid resuscitation guidelines for hypovolaemic shock using myocardial and haemodynamic function and safety endpoints. METHODS A prospective observational study of two sequential fluid management strategies was conducted at two East African hospitals. Eligible participants were severely malnourished children, aged 6-60 months, with hypovolaemic shock secondary to gastroenteritis. Group 1 received up to two boluses of 15 ml/kg/h of Ringer's lactate (RL) prior to rehydration as per WHO guidelines. Group 2 received rehydration only (10 ml/kg/h of RL) up to a maximum of 5 h. Comprehensive clinical, haemodynamic and echocardiographic data were collected from admission to day 28. RESULTS Twenty children were enrolled (11 in group 1 and 9 in group 2), including 15 children (75%) with kwashiorkor, 8 (40%) with elevated brain natriuretic peptide >300 pg/ml, and 9 (45%) with markedly elevated median systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) >1600 dscm-5/m2 indicative of severe hypovolaemia. Echocardiographic evidence of fluid-responsiveness (FR) was heterogeneous in group 1, with both increased and decreased stroke volume and myocardial fractional shortening. In group 2, these variables were more homogenous and typical of FR. Median SVRI marginally decreased post fluid administration (both groups) but remained high at 24 h. Mortality at 48 h and to day 28, respectively, was 36% (4 deaths) and 81.8% (9 deaths) in group 1 and 44% (4 deaths) and 55.6% (5 deaths) in group 2. We observed no pulmonary oedema or congestive cardiac failure on or during admission; most deaths were unrelated to fluid interventions or echocardiographic findings of response to fluids. CONCLUSION Baseline and cardiac response to fluid resuscitation do not indicate an effect of compromised cardiac function on response to fluid loading or that fluid overload is common in severely malnourished children with hypovolaemic shock. Endocrine response to shock and persistently high SVRI post fluid-therapy resuscitation may indicate a need for further research investigating enhanced fluid volumes to adequately correct volume deficit. The adverse outcomes are concerning, but appear to be unrelated to immediate fluid management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nchafatso Obonyo
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
- Department of Paediatrics, Mbale Regional Referral Hospital, Mbale, Uganda
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bernadette Brent
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Clinical Tropical Medicine and Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, W2 1PG UK
| | | | - Michael Boele van Hensbroek
- Department of Global Health and Department of Paediatrics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Irene Kuipers
- Department of Global Health and Department of Paediatrics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sidney Wong
- Médecins Sans Frontières - Operational Centre Amsterdam, Plantage Middenlaan 14, 1018 DD Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kenji Shiino
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland Australia
| | - Jonathan Chan
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland Australia
| | - John Fraser
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland Australia
| | - Job B. M. van Woensel
- Department of Global Health and Department of Paediatrics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kathryn Maitland
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Clinical Tropical Medicine and Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, W2 1PG UK
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Kanazawa T, Egi M, Toda Y, Shimizu K, Sugimoto K, Iwasaki T, Morimatsu H. Perioperative Brain Natriuretic Peptide in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Patients: Its Association With Postoperative Outcomes. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2017; 31:537-542. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Makil ES, Tang X, Frazier EA, Collins RT. Alkaline Phosphatase: A Biomarker of Cardiac Function in Pediatric Patients. Pediatr Cardiol 2017; 38:762-769. [PMID: 28184975 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-017-1577-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial dysfunction and heart failure are common in pediatric patients with congenital and acquired heart disease. Alkaline phosphatase (AP) has been suggested as a biomarker for myocardial dysfunction after Fontan operation. We hypothesized that pediatric patients with myocardial dysfunction requiring orthotopic heart transplant (OHT) have diminished AP compared to normal. A retrospective review was performed in all patients who underwent OHT at Arkansas Children's Hospital between January 2007 and October 2012. Anatomic diagnoses, therapeutic interventions, and ventricular ejection fraction (EF) were recorded. Z scores for AP levels in the study group were determined by comparing the observed AP levels to age- and gender-matched normative values. T tests were performed to compare the mean AP Z score prior to and after OHT. p values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. During the study period, 124 OHTs were performed. Complete study data were available and analyzed from 71/124 patients (mean age at OHT 3.9 years; 51% female). The mean AP Z score was significantly lower in the study group prior to OHT compared to normal (p < 0.0001). The initiation of ACE inhibitor therapy prior to OHT was associated with a significant increase in AP and the ventricular EF (p < 0.001 for both). Treatment with milrinone was associated with an increase in EF. AP is significantly lower in pediatric patients with myocardial dysfunction prior to OHT compared to normal. AP increases significantly after the initiation of therapies to improve myocardial function. Diminished AP is an indicator of myocardial dysfunction in pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Makil
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Arkansas Children's Hospital, 1 Children's Way, Mail Slot 512-3, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA
| | - Xinyu Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Arkansas Children's Hospital, 1 Children's Way, Mail Slot 512-3, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Frazier
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Arkansas Children's Hospital, 1 Children's Way, Mail Slot 512-3, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA
| | - R Thomas Collins
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
- Arkansas Children's Hospital, 1 Children's Way, Mail Slot 512-3, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA.
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Fernandes BA, Maher KO, Deshpande SR. Cardiac biomarkers in pediatric heart disease: A state of art review. World J Cardiol 2016; 8:719-727. [PMID: 28070239 PMCID: PMC5183971 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v8.i12.719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Every year there are more than 11000 hospitalizations related to heart failure in children resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Over the last two decades, our understanding, diagnosis and management of pediatric heart failure is evolving but our ability to prognosticate outcomes in pediatric heart acute heart failure is extremely limited due to lack of data. In adult heart failure patients, the role of cardiac biomarkers has exponentially increased over the last two decades. Current guidelines for management of heart failure emphasize the role of cardiac biomarkers in diagnosis, management and prognostication of heart failure. It is also noteworthy that these biomarkers reflect important biological processes that also open up the possibility of therapeutic targets. There is however, a significant gap present in the pediatric population with regards to biomarkers in pediatric heart failure. Here, we seek to review available data regarding cardiac biomarkers in the pediatric population and also explore some of the emerging biomarkers from adult literature that may be pertinent to pediatric heart failure.
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Bozkurt B, Colvin M, Cook J, Cooper LT, Deswal A, Fonarow GC, Francis GS, Lenihan D, Lewis EF, McNamara DM, Pahl E, Vasan RS, Ramasubbu K, Rasmusson K, Towbin JA, Yancy C. Current Diagnostic and Treatment Strategies for Specific Dilated Cardiomyopathies: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2016; 134:e579-e646. [PMID: 27832612 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 449] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Biomarkers in pediatric heart failure. PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ppedcard.2016.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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den Boer SL, Rizopoulos D, du Marchie Sarvaas GJ, Backx AP, ten Harkel AD, van Iperen GG, Rammeloo LA, Tanke RB, Boersma E, Helbing WA, Dalinghaus M. Usefulness of Serial N-terminal Pro-B-type Natriuretic Peptide Measurements to Predict Cardiac Death in Acute and Chronic Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Children. Am J Cardiol 2016; 118:1723-1729. [PMID: 27692597 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2016.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is an important predictor of outcome in adults with heart failure. In children with heart failure secondary to dilated cardiomyopathy (DC) markers that reliably predict disease progression and outcome during follow-up are scarce. We investigated whether serial NT-proBNP measurements were predictive for outcome in children with DC. All available NT-proBNP measurements in children with DC were analyzed. Linear mixed-effect models and Cox regression were used to analyze the predictive value of NT-proBNP on the end point of cardiac death (death, heart transplantation, or mechanical circulatory support). During 7 years, 115 patients were included. At diagnosis, median NT-proBNP was high and not predictive for outcome. At any time during follow-up, a twofold higher NT-proBNP resulted in a 2.9 times higher risk in the first year (p <0.001) and a 1.8 times higher risk thereafter (p <0.001). Furthermore, at any time, the slope of log10(NT-proBNP) was significantly predictive for the risk of an end point (0 to 30 days hazard ratio [HR] 3.5, >30 days HR 2.9; >1 year HR 6.4). In patients with idiopathic DC (IDC) at 30 days after diagnosis, NT-proBNP ≥7,990 pg/ml showed a 1- and 2-year event-free survival of 79% and 71% and >1 year after diagnosis NT-proBNP ≥924 pg/ml showed a 2- and 5-year event-free survival of 50% and 40%, whereas below both thresholds event-free survival was 100%. In non-IDC, these thresholds were not predictive for outcome. In conclusion, NT-proBNP at any time during follow-up and its change over time were significantly predictive for the risk of cardiac death in children with DC. In children with IDC >1 year after diagnosis, NT-proBNP >924 pg/ml identified a subgroup with a poor outcome.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this article is to evaluate the clinical utility of brain natriuretic peptide in pediatric patients, examining the diagnostic value, management, and prognostic relevance, by critical assessment of the literature. DATA SOURCES In December 2015, a literature search was performed (PubMed access to MEDLINE citations; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed/) and included these Medical Subject Headings and text terms for the key words: "brain natriuretic peptide," "amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide," "children," "neonate/s," "newborn/s," "infant/s," and "echocardiography." STUDY SELECTION Each article title and abstract was screened to identify relevant studies. The search strategy was limited to published studies in English language concerning brain natriuretic peptide/amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide in pediatric patients. DATA EXTRACTION Data on age, gender, type of clinical condition, brain natriuretic peptide assay method, cardiac function variables evaluated by echocardiography, and prognosis were extracted. DATA SYNTHESIS Brain natriuretic peptide reference values in healthy newborns, infants, and children are presented. Brain natriuretic peptide diagnostic accuracy in newborns, infants, and children suspected to have congenital heart defects is discussed, and brain natriuretic peptide prognostic value reviewed. The data suggest that the determination of brain natriuretic peptide levels improves the diagnostic accuracy in the assessment of heart disease in the pediatric population. Brain natriuretic peptide assay may increase the accuracy of neonatal screening programs for diagnosing congenital heart defects. Echocardiographic variables correlated to brain natriuretic peptide levels. Additionally, brain natriuretic peptide levels predicted adverse outcomes in the postoperative period. CONCLUSIONS Brain natriuretic peptide assessment is a reliable test to diagnose significant structural or functional cardiovascular disease in children. In the integrated follow-up of these cases, several physiologic and clinical variables must be considered; brain natriuretic peptide may be an additional helpful marker. Nevertheless, larger prospective studies are warranted to elucidate the true prognostic value of brain natriuretic peptide in pediatric patients.
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Cantinotti M. B-Type Cardiac Natriuretic Peptides in the Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Units. J Pediatr Intensive Care 2016; 5:189-197. [PMID: 31110904 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1583543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last decade, interest in the brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in the pediatric population has progressively increased. The aim of this article is to provide an up to date review of evidences regarding the use of BNP/NT-proBNP in pediatrics, with a particular focus on neonatal intensive care and congenital heart disease. The potentialities of the BNP have been demonstrated in multiple settings, particularly: the screening of congenital/acquired heart disease (CHD) versus pulmonary disease; the evaluation of CHD severity (grade of heart failure, degree of left-to-right shunts); the management of children undergoing cardiac surgery; and monitoring premature infants with patent arterial duct. BNP/NT-proBNP values may be considered an easy and relatively low cost additional diagnostic and prognostic tool. Interpretation of BNP values in children requires attention to important factors, including: laboratory methods, the type of cardiac defect, its severity, and the presence of extracardiac conditions. Of these, the hemodynamic characteristic of CHD and physiologic variations of BNP values occurring during the first weeks of life play a major role. The current evidences in favor of BNP use are mainly derived from single-center, nonrandomized studies, and cost-effectiveness analysis are still lacking. As such, despite sufficient evidences supporting the diagnostic and prognostic potentialities of BNP, these findings should be reinforced by multicenter, randomized studies specifically designed to evaluate outcomes and cost-effectiveness. In addition, standard consensus documents/guidelines, that are currently lacking, are warranted for a more systematic use of BNP in the pediatric age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Cantinotti
- Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Massa, Pisa, Italy.,Insititute of Clinical Physiology, IFC_CNR, Pisa, Italy
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Time-dependence of cardiac biomarker levels in newborns with congenital heart defects: Umbilical cord versus peripheral newborn blood. Int J Cardiol 2016; 214:412-4. [PMID: 27093679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.03.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Abstract
A biomarker is any measurable, surrogate characteristic, which reflects either the presence or the absence of a disease state. This can be a blood test, an imaging characteristic, an exercise parameter, and even a genetic profile. Serum biomarkers are particularly attractive in that their cost to the patient is relatively low in terms of money, time, risk, and ease of obtaining a sample. The potential benefits of a good biomarker are manifold. This manuscript will review serum biomarkers of proposed utility in paediatric heart failure, especially with respect to their ability to aid clinical decision making, diagnosis, and prognosis.
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Soluble ST2 and galectin-3 in pediatric patients without heart failure. Clin Biochem 2015; 48:1337-40. [PMID: 26277636 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Soluble ST2 (ST2) and galectin-3 (Gal3) are biomarkers of myocardial fibrosis and remodeling. This study provides a foundation for the use of ST2 and Gal3 in pediatric patients by assessing values of these biomarkers among children without heart failure. DESIGN AND METHODS Sera from 240 children, 40 males and 40 females from each of three age groups, (2-6 years, 7-11 years, and 12-17 years) without heart failure were identified from residual clinical testing. Serum ST2 and Gal3 were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Serum ST2 increased with age among males, but not females. However, the difference was not statistically significant at the 95th or 97.5th percentiles. No relationship was found between serum Gal3 concentrations and age or gender. Central 95th percentiles (2.5th to 97.5th) were 9-50 ng/mL for ST2 and 7-33 ng/mL for Gal3. CONCLUSIONS We have presented baseline, normative data for ST2 and Gal3 in children. This will allow for study of the utility of these biomarkers in children with heart disease.
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Abstract
Heart failure in children is a complex clinical syndrome with multiple aetiologies. The underlying disorders that lead to heart failure in children differ significantly from those in adults. Some clinical biomarkers for heart failure status and prognosis appear to be useful in both age groups. This review outlines the use and the present status of biomarkers for heart failure in paediatric cardiology. Furthermore, clinical scenarios in which development of new biomarkers might address management or prognosis are discussed. Finally, strategies for proteomic discovery of novel biomarkers and application to practice are described.
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Abstract
A biomarker is a characteristic that can be used as an indicator of a biological state. A biomarker can be a clinical observation, laboratory test or an imaging parameter. In this review, we discuss the use of biomarkers in differentiating cardiac from noncardiac disease; predicting the prognosis of patients with heart failure, pulmonary hypertension and dilated cardiomyopathy; diagnosing subclinical cardiac involvement in muscular dystrophy and postchemotherapy cancer patients; detecting acute rejection following heart transplantation; diagnosing Kawasaki disease; aiding the management of postoperative cardiac patients; and managing both common (tetralogy of Fallot) and complex (single-ventricle physiology) congenital heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hythem Nawaytou
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Serial Measurement of Amino-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Predicts Adverse Cardiovascular Outcome in Children With Primary Myocardial Dysfunction and Acute Decompensated Heart Failure. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2015; 16:529-34. [PMID: 25856472 PMCID: PMC4497874 DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000000408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In children, elevated amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels are associated with impaired heart function. The predictive value of serial monitoring of amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels in acute decompensated heart failure is unclear. DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING Single, tertiary referral pediatric critical care unit. PATIENTS Patients aged 0-21 years with primary myocardial dysfunction and acute decompensated heart failure. INTERVENTIONS Amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels were obtained on enrollment, day 2, and day 7. Clinical, laboratory, and imaging data were collected on enrollment. Adverse cardiovascular outcome was defined as heart transplant, ventricular assist device placement, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, or death at 1 year after admission. Aminoterminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels and the percent change from day 0 to day 2 and day 0 to day 7 were calculated and compared between those with and without adverse cardiovascular outcome. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Sixteen consecutive patients were enrolled. Adverse cardiovascular outcome occurred in six patients (37.5%, four heart transplant and two ventricular assist device). In patients with an adverse cardiovascular outcome, median amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels at day 7 were significantly higher (7,365 vs 1,196 pg/mL; p = 0.02) and the percent decline in amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide was significantly smaller (28% vs 73%; p = 0.02) compared with those without an adverse cardiovascular outcome. Receiver operating curve analysis revealed that a less than 55% decline in amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels at day 7 had a sensitivity and specificity of 83% and 90%, respectively, in predicting an adverse cardiovascular (area under the curve, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.68-1.0; p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, children with primary myocardial dysfunction and acute decompensated heart failure, a persistently elevated amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, and/or a lesser degree of decline in amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide during the first week of presentation were strongly associated with adverse cardiovascular outcome. Serial amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide monitoring may allow the early identification of children at risk for worse outcome.
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Abstract
Interest in brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in the management of children with CHD has increased. There are, however, no current guidelines for their routine use. The aim of this review article is to provide an update on the data regarding the use of BNP/NT-proBNP in the evaluation and surgical treatment of children with CHD. BNP/NT-proBNP levels in children with CHD vary substantially according to age, laboratory assay methods, and the specific haemodynamics associated with the individual congenital heart lesion. The accuracy of BNP/NT-proBNP as supplemental markers in the integrated screening, diagnosis, management, and follow-up of CHD has been established. In particular, the use of BNP/NT-proBNP as a prognostic indicator in paediatric cardiac surgery has been widely demonstrated, as well as its role in the subsequent follow-up of surgical patients. Most of the data, however, are derived from single-centre retrospective studies using multivariable analysis; prospective, randomised clinical trials designed to evaluate the clinical utility and cost-effectiveness of routine BNP/NT-proBNP use in CHD are lacking. The results of well-designed, prospective clinical trials should assist in formulating guidelines and expert consensus recommendations for its use in patients with CHD. Finally, the use of new point-of-care testing methods that use less invasive sampling techniques - capillary blood specimens - may contribute to a more widespread use of the BNP assay, especially in neonates and infants, as well as contribute to the development of screening programmes for CHD using this biomarker.
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Miyamoto SD, Karimpour-Fard A, Peterson V, Auerbach SR, Stenmark KR, Stauffer BL, Sucharov CC. Circulating microRNA as a biomarker for recovery in pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy. J Heart Lung Transplant 2015; 34:724-33. [PMID: 25840506 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2015.01.979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short regulatory RNAs that control gene expression through interacting with the 3'UTR of target messenger RNAs. The purpose of this study was to determine if circulating miRNAs are useful biomarkers of outcome in children with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). METHODS An array for 754 miRNAs and real time polymerase chain reaction confirmation of select miRNAs were performed. Serum from 55 children <18 years old with DCM was analyzed. Samples were drawn from all patients with DCM when undergoing heart transplant evaluation and/or at the time of transplantation. Patients with DCM were categorized based on when their blood was drawn (Pre-Transplant or Transplant) and outcome (Transplant/died or Recovered). RESULTS Two miRNAs were significantly up-regulated (hsa-miR-155 and hsa-miR-636) and 2 miRNAs were down-regulated (hsa-miR-646 and hsa-miR-639) in patients with DCM who were transplanted or died compared with patients with DCM who recovered their ventricular function. Receiver operator curves, performed for differences in any 1 of these 4 differentially regulated miRNAs in patients who were transplanted or died compared with patients who recovered, resulted in an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.875 for the Pre-Transplant blood draw time point and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.93 for the day of Transplant time point. CONCLUSIONS We identified specific miRNAs that are differentially regulated between children with DCM who need a transplant compared with children with DCM who recover. A unique biomarker signature of miRNAs that are specific to children with DCM who have the potential to recover would be valuable in risk stratification of this challenging patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley D Miyamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado.
| | | | | | - Scott R Auerbach
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kurt R Stenmark
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado
| | - Brian L Stauffer
- Division of Cardiology; Division of Cardiology, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, Colorado
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Rossano JW, Jang GY. Pediatric heart failure: current state and future possibilities. Korean Circ J 2015; 45:1-8. [PMID: 25653697 PMCID: PMC4310974 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2015.45.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a complex pathophysiological syndrome that can occur in children from a variety of diseases, including cardiomyopathies, myocarditis, and congenital heart disease. The condition is associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality and places a significant burden on families of affected children and to society as a whole. Current medical therapy is taken largely from the management of heart failure in adults, though clear survival benefit of these medications are lacking. Ventricular assist devices (VADs) have taken an increasingly important role in the management of advanced heart failure in children. The predominant role of these devices has been as a bridge to heart transplantation, and excellent results are currently achieved for most children with cardiomyopathies. There is an ongoing investigation to improve outcomes in high-risk populations, such as small infants and those with complex congenital heart disease, including patients with functionally univentricular hearts. Additionally, there is an active investigation and interest in expansion of VADs beyond the predominant utilization as a bridge to a heart transplant into ventricular recovery, device explant without a heart transplantation (bridge to recovery), and placement of devices without the expectation of recovery or transplantation (destination therapy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W Rossano
- The Cardiac Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gi Young Jang
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Hospital, Ansan, Korea
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