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Huang K, Wang YH, Zhang H, Wang TY, Liu XH, Liu L, Jiang H, Wang XM. Application and outlook of electrochemical technology in single-cell analysis. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 242:115741. [PMID: 37816284 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Cellular heterogeneity, especially in some important diseased cells like tumor cells, acts as an invisible driver for disease development like cancer progression in the tumor ecosystem, contributing to differences in the macroscopic and microscopic detection of disease lesions like tumors. Traditional analysis techniques choose group information masked by the mean as the analysis sample, making it difficult to achieve precise diagnosis and target treatment, on which could be shed light via the single-cell level determination/bioanalysis. Hence, in this article we have reviewed the special characteristic differences among various kinds of typical single-cell bioanalysis strategies and electrochemical techniques, and then focused on the recent advance and special bio-applications of electrochemiluminescence and micro-nano electrochemical sensing mediated in single-cell bioimaging & bioanalysis. Especially, we have summarized the relevant research exploration of the possibility to establish the in-situ single-cell electrochemical methods to detect cell heterogeneity through determination of specific biomolecules and bioimaging of some important biological processes. Eventually, this review has explored some important advances of electrochemical single-cell detection techniques for the real-time cellular bioimaging and diagnostics of some disease lesions like tumors. It raises the possibility to provide the specific in-situ platform to exploit the versatile, sensitive, and high-resolution electrochemical single-cell analysis for the promising biomedical applications like rapid tracing of some disease lesions or in vivo bioimaging for precise cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yi Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Ting Ya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xiao Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Liu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Xue Mei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
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Eurtivong C, Leung E, Sharma N, Leung IKH, Reynisson J. Phosphatidylcholine-Specific Phospholipase C as a Promising Drug Target. Molecules 2023; 28:5637. [PMID: 37570610 PMCID: PMC10420013 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC) is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of the important secondary messengers phosphocholine and diacylglycerol (DAG) from phosphatidylcholine. Although PC-PLC has been linked to the progression of many pathological conditions, including cancer, atherosclerosis, inflammation and neuronal cell death, studies of PC-PLC on the protein level have been somewhat neglected with relatively scarce data. To date, the human gene expressing PC-PLC has not yet been found, and the only protein structure of PC-PLC that has been solved was from Bacillus cereus (PC-PLCBc). Nonetheless, there is evidence for PC-PLC activity as a human functional equivalent of its prokaryotic counterpart. Additionally, inhibitors of PC-PLCBc have been developed as potential therapeutic agents. The most notable classes include 2-aminohydroxamic acids, xanthates, N,N'-hydroxyureas, phospholipid analogues, 1,4-oxazepines, pyrido[3,4-b]indoles, morpholinobenzoic acids and univalent ions. However, many medicinal chemistry studies lack evidence for their cellular and in vivo effects, which hampers the progression of the inhibitors towards the clinic. This review outlines the pathological implications of PC-PLC and highlights current progress and future challenges in the development of PC-PLC inhibitors from the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chatchakorn Eurtivong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Si Ayutthaya Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Euphemia Leung
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
| | - Nabangshu Sharma
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
- Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Institute), Te Papa Tipu Innovation Park, 49 Sala Street, Rotorua 3010, New Zealand
| | - Ivanhoe K. H. Leung
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
| | - Jóhannes Reynisson
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme ST5 5BG, UK;
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Hosseini R, Asef-Kabiri L, Sarvnaz H, Ghanavatinejad A, Rezayat F, Eskandari N, Akbari ME. Blockade of exosome release alters HER2 trafficking to the plasma membrane and gives a boost to Trastuzumab. CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE FEDERATION OF SPANISH ONCOLOGY SOCIETIES AND OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE OF MEXICO 2023; 25:185-198. [PMID: 36018441 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02925-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE(S) Exosomal HER2 has been evidenced to interfere with antibody-induced anti-tumor effects. However, whether the blockade of HER2+ exosomes release would affect antibody-mediated tumor inhibition has yet to be investigated. METHODS Exosomes derived from BT-474, SK-BR3 and SK-OV3 (HER2-overexpressing tumor cells) and MDA-MB-231 cells (HER2 negative) were purified and characterized by bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay, western blotting and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Inhibition of exosome release was achieved by neutral sphingomyelinase-2 (nSMase-2) inhibitor, GW4869. The effects of exosome blockade on the anti-proliferative effects, apoptosis induction, and antibody-mediated cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity of Trastuzumab were examined using MTT, flow cytometry, and LDH release assays. Also, the effects of exosome inhibition on the surface expression and endocytosis/internalization of HER2 were studied by flow cytometry. RESULTS Purified exosomes derived from HER2 overexpressing cancer cells were positive for HER2 protein. Blockade of exosome release was able to significantly improve apoptosis induction, anti-proliferative and ADCC responses of Trastuzumab dose dependently. The pretreatment of Trastuzumab/purified NK cells, but not PBMCs, with HER2+ exosomes could also decrease the ADCC effects of Trastuzumab. Exosome inhibition also remarkably downregulated surface HER2 levels in a time-dependent manner, but does not affect its endocytosis/internalization. CONCLUSION Based on our findings, HER2+ exosomes may benefit tumor progression by dually suppressing Trastuzumab-induced tumor growth inhibition and cytotoxicity of NK cells. It seems that concomitant blocking of exosome release might be an effective approach for improving the therapeutic effects of Trastuzumab, and potentially other HER2-directed mAbs. In addition, the exosome secretion pathway possibly contributes to the HER2 trafficking to plasma membrane, since the blockade of exosome secretion decreased surface HER2 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Hosseini
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Leila Asef-Kabiri
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamzeh Sarvnaz
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ghanavatinejad
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rezayat
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nahid Eskandari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Pal S, Sharma A, Mathew SP, Jaganathan BG. Targeting cancer-specific metabolic pathways for developing novel cancer therapeutics. Front Immunol 2022; 13:955476. [PMID: 36618350 PMCID: PMC9815821 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.955476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a heterogeneous disease characterized by various genetic and phenotypic aberrations. Cancer cells undergo genetic modifications that promote their proliferation, survival, and dissemination as the disease progresses. The unabated proliferation of cancer cells incurs an enormous energy demand that is supplied by metabolic reprogramming. Cancer cells undergo metabolic alterations to provide for increased energy and metabolite requirement; these alterations also help drive the tumor progression. Dysregulation in glucose uptake and increased lactate production via "aerobic glycolysis" were described more than 100 years ago, and since then, the metabolic signature of various cancers has been extensively studied. However, the extensive research in this field has failed to translate into significant therapeutic intervention, except for treating childhood-ALL with amino acid metabolism inhibitor L-asparaginase. Despite the growing understanding of novel metabolic alterations in tumors, the therapeutic targeting of these tumor-specific dysregulations has largely been ineffective in clinical trials. This chapter discusses the major pathways involved in the metabolism of glucose, amino acids, and lipids and highlights the inter-twined nature of metabolic aberrations that promote tumorigenesis in different types of cancer. Finally, we summarise the therapeutic interventions which can be used as a combinational therapy to target metabolic dysregulations that are unique or common in blood, breast, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumik Pal
- Stem Cells and Cancer Biology Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Amit Sharma
- Stem Cells and Cancer Biology Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Sam Padalumavunkal Mathew
- Stem Cells and Cancer Biology Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Bithiah Grace Jaganathan
- Stem Cells and Cancer Biology Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India,Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India,*Correspondence: Bithiah Grace Jaganathan,
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Saito RDF, Andrade LNDS, Bustos SO, Chammas R. Phosphatidylcholine-Derived Lipid Mediators: The Crosstalk Between Cancer Cells and Immune Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:768606. [PMID: 35250970 PMCID: PMC8889569 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.768606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
To become resistant, cancer cells need to activate and maintain molecular defense mechanisms that depend on an energy trade-off between resistance and essential functions. Metabolic reprogramming has been shown to fuel cell growth and contribute to cancer drug resistance. Recently, changes in lipid metabolism have emerged as an important driver of resistance to anticancer agents. In this review, we highlight the role of choline metabolism with a focus on the phosphatidylcholine cycle in the regulation of resistance to therapy. We analyze the contribution of phosphatidylcholine and its metabolites to intracellular processes of cancer cells, both as the major cell membrane constituents and source of energy. We further extended our discussion about the role of phosphatidylcholine-derived lipid mediators in cellular communication between cancer and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment, as well as their pivotal role in the immune regulation of therapeutic failure. Changes in phosphatidylcholine metabolism are part of an adaptive program activated in response to stress conditions that contribute to cancer therapy resistance and open therapeutic opportunities for treating drug-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata de Freitas Saito
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Nogueira de Sousa Andrade
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvina Odete Bustos
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roger Chammas
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Bhat AH, Dar KB, Khan A, Alshahrani S, Alshehri SM, Ghoneim MM, Alam P, Shakeel F. Tricyclodecan-9-yl-Xanthogenate (D609): Mechanism of Action and Pharmacological Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3305. [PMID: 35328726 PMCID: PMC8954530 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Tricyclodecan-9-yl xanthogenate (D609) is a synthetic tricyclic compound possessing a xanthate group. This xanthogenate compound is known for its diverse pharmacological properties. Over the last three decades, many studies have reported the biological activities of D609, including antioxidant, antiapoptotic, anticholinergic, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-proliferative, and neuroprotective activities. Its mechanism of action is extensively attributed to its ability to cause the competitive inhibition of phosphatidylcholine (PC)-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC) and sphingomyelin synthase (SMS). The inhibition of PCPLC or SMS affects secondary messengers with a lipidic nature, i.e., 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG) and ceramide. Various in vitro/in vivo studies suggest that PCPLC and SMS inhibition regulate the cell cycle, block cellular proliferation, and induce differentiation. D609 acts as a pro-inflammatory cytokine antagonist and diminishes Aβ-stimulated toxicity. PCPLC enzymatic activity essentially requires Zn2+, and D609 might act as a potential chelator of Zn2+, thereby blocking PCPLC enzymatic activity. D609 also demonstrates promising results in reducing atherosclerotic plaque formation, post-stroke cerebral infarction, and cancer progression. The present compilation provides a comprehensive mechanistic insight into D609, including its chemistry, mechanism of action, and regulation of various pharmacological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashiq Hussain Bhat
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India; (A.H.B.); (K.B.D.)
| | - Khalid Bashir Dar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India; (A.H.B.); (K.B.D.)
| | - Andleeb Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Saeed Alshahrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sultan M. Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.A.); (F.S.)
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Prawez Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Faiyaz Shakeel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.A.); (F.S.)
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Zhang X, Zhang R, Liu P, Zhang R, Ning J, Ye Y, Yu W, Yu J. ATP8B1 Knockdown Activated the Choline Metabolism Pathway and Induced High-Level Intracellular REDOX Homeostasis in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030835. [PMID: 35159102 PMCID: PMC8834475 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary We found that low expression of ATP8B1 was associated with poor prognosis, and involved in the dysregulation of glutathione (GSH) synthesis and choline metabolism in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) samples of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital (TJMUCH) cohort. We further constructed ATP8B1 knockdown of LUSC cell lines H520SH-ATP8B1 and SK-MES-1SH-ATP8B1 to investigate how ATP8B1 knockdown promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and in vivo via upregulation of the CHKA-dependent choline metabolism pathway. We identified that ATP8B1 knockdown and CHKA upregulation can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and high reduction-oxidation (REDOX) homeostasis, which may be involved in the roles of cardiolipin in maintaining mitochondrial dynamics and phospholipid homeostasis. Therefore, we proposed ATP8B1 as a novel predictive biomarker in LUSC and targeting ATP8B1-driven specific metabolic disorder might be a promising therapeutic strategy for LUSC. Abstract The flippase ATPase class I type 8b member 1 (ATP8B1) is essential for maintaining the stability and polarity of the epithelial membrane and can translocate specific phospholipids from the outer membrane to the inner membrane of the cell. Although ATP8B1 plays important roles in cell functions, ATP8B1 has been poorly studied in tumors and its prognostic value in patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) remains unclear. By investigating the whole genomic expression profiles of LUSC samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital (TJMUCH) cohort, we found that low expression of ATP8B1 was associated with poor prognosis of LUSC patients. The results from cellular experiments and a xenograft-bearing mice model indicated that ATP8B1 knockdown firstly induced mitochondrial dysfunction and promoted ROS production. Secondly, ATP8B1 knockdown promoted glutathione synthesis via upregulation of the CHKA-dependent choline metabolism pathway, therefore producing and maintaining high-level intracellular REDOX homeostasis to aggravate carcinogenesis and progression of LUSC. In summary, we proposed ATP8B1 as a novel predictive biomarker in LUSC and targeting ATP8B1-driven specific metabolic disorder might be a promising therapeutic strategy for LUSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China; (X.Z.); (R.Z.); (P.L.); (R.Z.); (J.N.); (Y.Y.)
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
- National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China;
| | - Rui Zhang
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China; (X.Z.); (R.Z.); (P.L.); (R.Z.); (J.N.); (Y.Y.)
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Pengpeng Liu
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China; (X.Z.); (R.Z.); (P.L.); (R.Z.); (J.N.); (Y.Y.)
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Runjiao Zhang
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China; (X.Z.); (R.Z.); (P.L.); (R.Z.); (J.N.); (Y.Y.)
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
- National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China;
| | - Junya Ning
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China; (X.Z.); (R.Z.); (P.L.); (R.Z.); (J.N.); (Y.Y.)
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
- National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China;
| | - Yingnan Ye
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China; (X.Z.); (R.Z.); (P.L.); (R.Z.); (J.N.); (Y.Y.)
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Wenwen Yu
- National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China;
| | - Jinpu Yu
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China; (X.Z.); (R.Z.); (P.L.); (R.Z.); (J.N.); (Y.Y.)
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-22-23340123; Fax: +86-22-23340123 (ext. 6325)
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Afify H, Ghoneum A, Almousa S, Abdulfattah AY, Warren B, Langsten K, Gonzalez D, Casals R, Bharadwaj M, Kridel S, Said N. Metabolomic credentialing of murine carcinogen-induced urothelial cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22085. [PMID: 34764423 PMCID: PMC8585868 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99746-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BCa) is the most common malignancy of the urinary system with increasing incidence, mortality, and limited treatment options. Therefore, it is imperative to validate preclinical models that faithfully represent BCa cellular, molecular, and metabolic heterogeneity to develop new therapeutics. We performed metabolomic profiling of premalignant and non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) that ensued in the chemical carcinogenesis N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine (BBN) mouse model. We identified the enriched metabolic signatures that associate with premalignant and NMIBC. We found that enrichment of lipid metabolism is the forerunner of carcinogen-induced premalignant and NMIBC lesions. Cross-species analysis revealed the prognostic value of the enzymes associated with carcinogen-induced enriched metabolic in human disease. To date, this is the first study describing the global metabolomic profiles associated with early premalignant and NMIBC and provide evidence that these metabolomic signatures can be used for prognostication of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Afify
- Department of Cancer Biology, Medical Center Boulevard, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Alia Ghoneum
- Department of Cancer Biology, Medical Center Boulevard, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Sameh Almousa
- Department of Cancer Biology, Medical Center Boulevard, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Ammar Yasser Abdulfattah
- Department of Cancer Biology, Medical Center Boulevard, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Bailey Warren
- Department of Cancer Biology, Medical Center Boulevard, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Kendall Langsten
- Department of Cancer Biology, Medical Center Boulevard, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Daniela Gonzalez
- Department of Cancer Biology, Medical Center Boulevard, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Randy Casals
- Department of Cancer Biology, Medical Center Boulevard, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
- Department of Urology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Manish Bharadwaj
- Cell Analysis Division, Agilent Technologies, Inc, Santa Clara, CA, 95051, USA
| | - Steven Kridel
- Department of Cancer Biology, Medical Center Boulevard, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
- Department of Urology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Neveen Said
- Department of Cancer Biology, Medical Center Boulevard, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
- Department of Urology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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9
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Targeting Metabolic Reprogramming to Improve Breast Cancer Treatment: An In Vitro Evaluation of Selected Metabolic Inhibitors Using a Metabolomic Approach. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11080556. [PMID: 34436498 PMCID: PMC8399175 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Characteristic metabolic adaptations are recognized as a cancer hallmark. Breast cancer, like other cancer types, displays cellular respiratory switches—in particular, the Warburg effect—and important fluctuations in the glutamine and choline metabolisms. This cancer remains a world health issue mainly due to the side effects associated with chemotherapy, which force a reduction in the administered dose or even a complete discontinuation of the treatment. For example, Doxorubicin is efficient to treat breast cancer but unfortunately induces severe cardiotoxicity. In the present in vitro study, selected metabolic inhibitors were evaluated alone or in combination as potential treatments against breast cancer. In addition, the same inhibitors were used to possibly potentiate the effects of Doxorubicin. As a result, the combination of CB-839 (glutaminase inhibitor) and Oxamate (lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor) and the combination of CB-839/Oxamate/D609 (a phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C inhibitor) caused significant cell mortality in both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7, two breast cancer cell lines. Furthermore, all inhibitors were able to improve the efficacy of Doxorubicin on the same cell lines. Those findings are quite encouraging with respect to the clinical goal of reducing the exposure of patients to Doxorubicin and, subsequently, the severity of the associated cardiotoxicity, while keeping the same treatment efficacy.
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10
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Rubtsova NI, Hart MC, Arroyo AD, Osharovich SA, Liebov BK, Miller J, Yuan M, Cochran JM, Chong S, Yodh AG, Busch TM, Delikatny EJ, Anikeeva N, Popov AV. NIR Fluorescent Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy with a Novel Theranostic Phospholipid Probe for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:1852-1863. [PMID: 34139845 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
New exogenous probes are needed for both imaging diagnostics and therapeutics. Here, we introduce a novel nanocomposite near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent imaging probe and test its potency as a photosensitizing agent for photodynamic therapy (PDT) against triple-negative breast cancer cells. The active component in the nanocomposite is a small molecule, pyropheophorbide a-phosphatidylethanolamine-QSY21 (Pyro-PtdEtn-QSY), which is imbedded into lipid nanoparticles for transport in the body. The probe targets abnormal choline metabolism in cancer cells; specifically, the overexpression of phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC) in breast, prostate, and ovarian cancers. Pyro-PtdEtn-QSY consists of a NIR fluorophore and a quencher, attached to a PtdEtn moiety. It is selectively activated by PC-PLC resulting in enhanced fluorescence in cancer cells compared to normal cells. In our in vitro investigation, four breast cancer cell lines showed higher probe activation levels than noncancerous control cells, immortalized human mammary gland cells, and normal human T cells. Moreover, the ability of this nanocomposite to function as a sensitizer in PDT experiments on MDA-MB-231 cells suggests that the probe is promising as a theranostic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia I Rubtsova
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Michael C Hart
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Alejandro D Arroyo
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Sofya A Osharovich
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Benjamin K Liebov
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Joann Miller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Bldg 421, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Min Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Bldg 421, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jeffrey M Cochran
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Sanghoon Chong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Arjun G Yodh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Theresa M Busch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Bldg 421, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - E James Delikatny
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Nadia Anikeeva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, United States
| | - Anatoliy V Popov
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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11
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Snowden SG, Fernandes HJ, Kent J, Foskolou S, Tate P, Field SF, Metzakopian E, Koulman A. Development and Application of High-Throughput Single Cell Lipid Profiling: A Study of SNCA-A53T Human Dopamine Neurons. iScience 2020; 23:101703. [PMID: 33196026 PMCID: PMC7644967 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in single cell genomics and transcriptomics have shown that at tissue level there is complex cellular heterogeneity. To understand the effect of this inter-cell heterogeneity on metabolism it is essential to develop a single cell lipid profiling approach that allows the measurement of lipids in large numbers of single cells from a population. This will provide a functional readout of cell activity and membrane structure. Using liquid extraction surface analysis coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry we have developed a high-throughput method for untargeted single cell lipid profiling. This technological advance highlighted the importance of cellular heterogeneity in the functional metabolism of individual human dopamine neurons, suggesting that A53T alpha-synuclein (SNCA) mutant neurons have impaired membrane function. These results demonstrate that this single cell lipid profiling platform can provide robust data that will expand the frontiers in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart G. Snowden
- Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Level 4 Pathology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK,Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey Tw20 0EX, UK
| | - Hugo J.R. Fernandes
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Josh Kent
- Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Level 4 Pathology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK,UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Stefanie Foskolou
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Peri Tate
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey Tw20 0EX, UK
| | - Sarah F. Field
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Emmanouil Metzakopian
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK,Corresponding author
| | - Albert Koulman
- Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Level 4 Pathology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK,Corresponding author
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12
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Leyton JV. Improving Receptor-Mediated Intracellular Access and Accumulation of Antibody Therapeutics-The Tale of HER2. Antibodies (Basel) 2020; 9:E32. [PMID: 32668710 PMCID: PMC7551051 DOI: 10.3390/antib9030032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic anti-HER2 antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have undoubtedly benefitted patients. Nonetheless, patients ultimately relapse-some sooner than others. Currently approved anti-HER2 drugs are expensive and their cost-effectiveness is debated. There is increased awareness that internalization and lysosomal processing including subsequent payload intracellular accumulation and retention for ADCs are critical therapeutic attributes. Although HER2 preferential overexpression on the surface of tumor cells is attractive, its poor internalization and trafficking to lysosomes has been linked to poor therapeutic outcomes. To help address such issues, this review will comprehensively detail the most relevant findings on internalization and cellular accumulation for approved and investigational anti-HER2 antibodies and ADCs. The improved clarity of the HER2 system could improve antibody and ADC designs and approaches for next-generation anti-HER2 and other receptor targeting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey V Leyton
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H5N4, Canada
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13
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Development, synthesis and biological investigation of a novel class of potent PC-PLC inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 191:112162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Eurtivong C, Pilkington LI, van Rensburg M, White RM, Brar HK, Rees S, Paulin EK, Xu CS, Sharma N, Leung IK, Leung E, Barker D, Reynisson J. Discovery of novel phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C drug-like inhibitors as potential anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 187:111919. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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15
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Saluja V, Mankoo A, Saraogi GK, Tambuwala MM, Mishra V. Smart dendrimers: Synergizing the targeting of anticancer bioactives. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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16
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Protective potential of miR-146a-5p and its underlying molecular mechanism in diverse cancers: a comprehensive meta-analysis and bioinformatics analysis. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:167. [PMID: 31285693 PMCID: PMC6592002 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0886-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aims Studies have shown that miR-146a-5p was differentially expressed in diverse cancers, but the associations between miR-146a-5p expression and prognosis across multiple types of cancer as well its potential targets and downstream pathways have not been comprehensively analyzed. In this study, we performed the first meta-analysis of the prognostic value of miR-146a-5p expression in diverse malignancies and explored prospective targets of miR-146a-5p and related signaling pathways. Methods A thorough search for articles related to miR-146a-5p was performed, and RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and microarray data from gene expression omnibus profiles were used to collect information about the prognostic value of miR-146a-5p. A comprehensive meta-analysis was conducted. Twelve platforms in miRWalk 2.0 were applied to predict targets of miR-146a-5p. TCGA RNA-seq data were used to validate the inverse relationships between miR-146a-5p and its likely targets. Subsequently, gene ontology and pathway analyses were conducted using Funrich version 3.1.3. Potential protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed. Potential target genes of miR-146a-5p in lung cancer were validated by RT-qPCR. Results We included 10 articles in the meta-analysis. In a pooled analysis, the high miR-146a-5p expression group showed a better overall survival in solid cancers, particularly in reproductive system cancers and digestive system cancers. A total of 120 predicted target genes were included in a bioinformatics analysis. Five pathways involving phospholipase C (PLC) and aquaporins (AQPs) were the most significantly enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. Moreover, the PPI network displayed the related signaling pathways and interactions among proteins. AQP1 and FYN were validated by RT-qPCR to be potential targets of miR-146a-5p in lung cancer. Conclusion There is a close link between high miR-146a-5p expression and better overall survival in 21 types of solid cancer, especially in reproductive system and digestive system cancers. Furthermore, miR-146a-5p could inhibit diverse malignancies by modulating pathways linked to PLC or AQPs. In summary, miR-146a-5p is a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for various cancers.
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17
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Abstract
Phospholipases are lipolytic enzymes that hydrolyze phospholipid substrates at specific ester bonds. Phospholipases are widespread in nature and play very diverse roles from aggression in snake venom to signal transduction, lipid mediator production, and metabolite digestion in humans. Phospholipases vary considerably in structure, function, regulation, and mode of action. Tremendous advances in understanding the structure and function of phospholipases have occurred in the last decades. This introductory chapter is aimed at providing a general framework of the current understanding of phospholipases and a discussion of their mechanisms of action and emerging biological functions.
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18
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Zhang Z, Zhou Y, Zhou Z, Piao Y, Kalva N, Liu X, Tang J, Shen Y. Synthesis of enzyme-responsive phosphoramidate dendrimers for cancer drug delivery. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01492a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme-responsive phosphoramidate dendrimers were successfully synthesized and their surfaces were modified with zwitterionic groups for cancer drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Center for Bionanoengineering and State Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Yongcun Zhou
- Center for Bionanoengineering and State Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Zhuxian Zhou
- Center for Bionanoengineering and State Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Ying Piao
- Center for Bionanoengineering and State Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Nagendra Kalva
- Center for Bionanoengineering and State Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Xiangrui Liu
- Center for Bionanoengineering and State Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Jianbin Tang
- Center for Bionanoengineering and State Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Youqing Shen
- Center for Bionanoengineering and State Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
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19
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Metabolic Footprints and Molecular Subtypes in Breast Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2017; 2017:7687851. [PMID: 29434411 PMCID: PMC5757146 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7687851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer treatment options are increasing. However, even among the same tumor histotype, interpatient tumor heterogeneity should be considered for best therapeutic result. Metabolomics represents the last addition to promising “omic” sciences such as genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. Biochemical transformation processes underlying energy production and biosynthetic processes have been recognized as a hallmark of the cancer cell and hold a promise to build a bridge between genotype and phenotype. Since breast tumors represent a collection of different diseases, understanding metabolic differences between molecular subtypes offers a way to identify new subtype-specific treatment strategies, especially if metabolite changes are evaluated in the broader context of the network of enzymatic reactions and pathways. Here, after a brief overview of the literature, original metabolomics data in a series of 92 primary breast cancer patients undergoing surgery at the Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori of Milano are reported highlighting a series of metabolic differences across various molecular subtypes. In particular, the difficult-to-treat luminal B subgroup represents a tumor type which preferentially relies on fatty acids for energy, whereas HER2 and basal-like ones show prevalently alterations in glucose/glutamine metabolism.
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20
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Khan IA, Yoo BH, Rak J, Rosen KV. Mek activity is required for ErbB2 expression in breast cancer cells detached from the extracellular matrix. Oncotarget 2017; 8:105383-105396. [PMID: 29285258 PMCID: PMC5739645 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Detachment of non-malignant epithelial cells from the extracellullar matrix (ECM) triggers their growth arrest and apoptosis. Conversely, carcinoma cells can grow without adhesion to the ECM. This capacity for anchorage-independent growth is thought to be critical for tumor progression. ErbB2/Her2 oncoprotein is overproduced by a significant fraction of breast cancers and promotes anchorage-independent tumor cell growth by poorly understood mechanisms. In an effort to understand them we found that in order to produce ErbB2, detached breast cancer cells require the activity of an ErbB2 effector protein kinase Mek and that Mek-driven ErbB2 expression is neccesary for anchorage-independent growth of such cells. We observed that Mek inhibition does not alter ErbB2 mRNA levels in detached cancer cells and that ErbB2 protein loss induced by this inhibition can be blocked by a lysosomal inhibitor. We also noticed that an increase of the density of cancer cells detached from the ECM downregulates a Mek effector protein kinase Erk and causes ErbB2 loss. Those cells that survive after ErbB2 loss display resistance to trastuzumab, an anti-ErbB2 antibody used for ErbB2-positive breast cancer treatment. Thus, Mek-induced ErbB2 stabilization in detached breast cancer cells is critical for their ability to grow anchorage-independently and their trastuzumab sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman A Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Byong H Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Janusz Rak
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Kirill V Rosen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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21
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Paris L, Podo F, Spadaro F, Abalsamo L, Pisanu ME, Ricci A, Cecchetti S, Altabella L, Buoncervello M, Lozneanu L, Bagnoli M, Ramoni C, Canevari S, Mezzanzanica D, Iorio E, Canese R. Phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C inhibition reduces HER2-overexpression, cell proliferation and in vivo tumor growth in a highly tumorigenic ovarian cancer model. Oncotarget 2017; 8:55022-55038. [PMID: 28903399 PMCID: PMC5589638 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Antagonizing the oncogenic effects of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) with current anti-HER2 agents has not yet yielded major progress in the treatment of advanced HER2-positive epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Using preclinical models to explore alternative molecular mechanisms affecting HER2 overexpression and oncogenicity may lead to new strategies for EOC patient treatment. We previously reported that phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC) exerts a pivotal role in regulating HER2 overexpression in breast cancer cells. The present study, conducted on two human HER2-overexpressing EOC cell lines - SKOV3 and its in vivo-passaged SKOV3.ip cell variant characterized by enhanced in vivo tumorigenicity - and on SKOV3.ip xenografts implanted in SCID mice, showed: a) about 2-fold higher PC-PLC and HER2 protein expression levels in SKOV3.ip compared to SKOV3 cells; b) physical association of PC-PLC with HER2 in non-raft domains; c) HER2 internalization and ca. 50% reduction of HER2 mRNA and protein expression levels in SKOV3.ip cells exposed to the PC-PLC inhibitor tricyclodecan-9-yl-potassium xanthate (D609); d) differential effects of D609 and trastuzumab on HER2 protein expression and cell proliferation; e) decreased in vivo tumor growth in SKOV3.ip xenografts during in vivo treatment with D609; f) potential use of in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and imaging (MRI) parameters as biomarkers of EOC response to PC-PLC inhibition. Overall, these findings support the view that PC-PLC inhibition may represent an effective means to target the tumorigenic effects of HER2 overexpression in EOC and that in vivo MR approaches can efficiently monitor its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Paris
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Roma, Italy
| | - Franca Podo
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Roma, Italy
| | - Francesca Spadaro
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Roma, Italy
| | - Laura Abalsamo
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Pisanu
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ricci
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Roma, Italy
| | - Serena Cecchetti
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Roma, Italy
| | - Luisa Altabella
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Buoncervello
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Roma, Italy
| | - Ludmila Lozneanu
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133, Milano, Italy.,Department of Histology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Grigore T. Popa", 700115, Iasi, Romania
| | - Marina Bagnoli
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo Ramoni
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Roma, Italy
| | - Silvana Canevari
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Delia Mezzanzanica
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Egidio Iorio
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Roma, Italy
| | - Rossella Canese
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Roma, Italy
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22
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Hamann BL, Blind RD. Nuclear phosphoinositide regulation of chromatin. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:107-123. [PMID: 28256711 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipid signaling has clear connections to a wide array of cellular processes, particularly in gene expression and in controlling the chromatin biology of cells. However, most of the work elucidating how phospholipid signaling pathways contribute to cellular physiology have studied cytoplasmic membranes, while relatively little attention has been paid to the role of phospholipid signaling in the nucleus. Recent work from several labs has shown that nuclear phospholipid signaling can have important roles that are specific to this cellular compartment. This review focuses on the nuclear phospholipid functions and the activities of phospholipid signaling enzymes that regulate metazoan chromatin and gene expression. In particular, we highlight the roles that nuclear phosphoinositides play in several nuclear-driven physiological processes, such as differentiation, proliferation, and gene expression. Taken together, the recent discovery of several specifically nuclear phospholipid functions could have dramatic impact on our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms that enable tight control of cellular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bree L Hamann
- Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Raymond D Blind
- Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.,Departments of Medicine, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Vanderbilt Diabetes Research and Training Center and the Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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23
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Podo F, Bhujwalla ZM, Iorio E. Editorial: Exploring Cancer Metabolic Reprogramming through Molecular Imaging. Front Oncol 2017; 7:79. [PMID: 28491821 PMCID: PMC5405072 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Franca Podo
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Franca Podo, ,
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24
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Phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C inhibition down- regulates CXCR4 expression and interferes with proliferation, invasion and glycolysis in glioma cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176108. [PMID: 28423060 PMCID: PMC5397108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The chemokine receptor CXCR4 plays a crucial role in tumors, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most aggressive glioma. Phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC), a catabolic enzyme of PC metabolism, is involved in several aspects of cancer biology and its inhibition down-modulates the expression of growth factor membrane receptors interfering with their signaling pathways. In the present work we investigated the possible interplay between CXCR4 and PC-PLC in GBM cells. Methods Confocal microscopy, immunoprecipitation, western blot analyses, and the evaluation of migration and invasion potential were performed on U87MG cells after PC-PLC inhibition with the xanthate D609. The intracellular metabolome was investigated by magnetic resonance spectroscopy; lactate levels and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were analyzed by colorimetric assay. Results Our studies demonstrated that CXCR4 and PC-PLC co-localize and are associated on U87MG cell membrane. D609 reduced CXCR4 expression, cell proliferation and invasion, interfering with AKT and EGFR activation and expression. Metabolic analyses showed a decrease in intracellular lactate concentration together with a decrement in LDH activity. Conclusions Our data suggest that inhibition of PC-PLC could represent a new molecular approach in glioma biology not only for its ability in modulating cell metabolism, glioma growth and motility, but also for its inhibitory effect on crucial molecules involved in cancer progression.
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25
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Cheng M, Bhujwalla ZM, Glunde K. Targeting Phospholipid Metabolism in Cancer. Front Oncol 2016; 6:266. [PMID: 28083512 PMCID: PMC5187387 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
All cancers tested so far display abnormal choline and ethanolamine phospholipid metabolism, which has been detected with numerous magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) approaches in cells, animal models of cancer, as well as the tumors of cancer patients. Since the discovery of this metabolic hallmark of cancer, many studies have been performed to elucidate the molecular origins of deregulated choline metabolism, to identify targets for cancer treatment, and to develop MRS approaches that detect choline and ethanolamine compounds for clinical use in diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Several enzymes in choline, and recently also ethanolamine, phospholipid metabolism have been identified, and their evaluation has shown that they are involved in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Several already established enzymes as well as a number of emerging enzymes in phospholipid metabolism can be used as treatment targets for anticancer therapy, either alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic approaches. This review summarizes the current knowledge of established and relatively novel targets in phospholipid metabolism of cancer, covering choline kinase α, phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase D1, phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C, sphingomyelinases, choline transporters, glycerophosphodiesterases, phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, and ethanolamine kinase. These enzymes are discussed in terms of their roles in oncogenic transformation, tumor progression, and crucial cancer cell properties such as fast proliferation, migration, and invasion. Their potential as treatment targets are evaluated based on the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglin Cheng
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Zaver M Bhujwalla
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kristine Glunde
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Iorio E, Caramujo MJ, Cecchetti S, Spadaro F, Carpinelli G, Canese R, Podo F. Key Players in Choline Metabolic Reprograming in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2016; 6:205. [PMID: 27747192 PMCID: PMC5043614 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), defined as lack of estrogen and progesterone receptors in the absence of protein overexpression/gene amplification of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, is still a clinical challenge despite progress in breast cancer care. 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy allows identification and non-invasive monitoring of TNBC metabolic aberrations and elucidation of some key mechanisms underlying tumor progression. Thus, it has the potential to improve in vivo diagnosis and follow-up and also to identify new targets for treatment. Several studies have shown an altered phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) metabolism in TNBCs, both in patients and in experimental models. Upregulation of choline kinase-alpha, an enzyme of the Kennedy pathway that phosphorylates free choline (Cho) to phosphocholine (PCho), is a major contributor to the increased PCho content detected in TNBCs. Phospholipase-mediated PtdCho headgroup hydrolysis also contributes to the build-up of a PCho pool in TNBC cells. The oncogene-driven PtdCho cycle appears to be fine tuned in TNBC cells in at least three ways: by modulating the choline import, by regulating the activity or expression of specific metabolic enzymes, and by contributing to the rewiring of the entire metabolic network. Thus, only by thoroughly dissecting these mechanisms, it will be possible to effectively translate this basic knowledge into further development and implementation of Cho-based imaging techniques and novel classes of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egidio Iorio
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Maria José Caramujo
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Serena Cecchetti
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Francesca Spadaro
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Giulia Carpinelli
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Rossella Canese
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Franca Podo
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
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Kalluri HSG, Kuo JS, Dempsey RJ. Effect of D609 on the expression of GADD45β protein: Potential inhibitory role in the growth of glioblastoma cancer stem like cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 791:510-517. [PMID: 27658347 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
GADD45β (Growth Arrest and DNA Damage inducible protein) is a stress activated protein which plays an important role in regulating apoptosis, proliferation, DNA repair and potentially may have a role in cancer. In this study we examined the role of anti-oxidative stress on the expression of GADD45β in glioma stem-like cells (GSC). We show that patient derived GSCs have high survival in the absence of exogenous growth factors. Addition of D609 (Tricyclodecan-9-yl-xanthogenate), a known anti-oxidative compound, to GSCs reduced the cellular ATP content with significant effects observed when GSCs were cultured in growth factor free medium. D609 exposure also resulted in a decrease in the protein and an increase in mRNA of GADD45β with a concomitant decline in the survival of cells. However, under similar conditions the phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase (stress activated MAP kinase), a downstream target of GADD45β, was significantly enhanced in response to D609. Therefore it appears that GADD45β might play a role in glioma stem cell survival and that p38 MAP kinase may not be directly activated by GADD45β. Together these observations suggest that anti-oxidative compounds like D609 can target GADD45β which may be one strategy to curtail the growth of glioma stem like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haviryaji S G Kalluri
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, United States of America.
| | - John S Kuo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, United States of America
| | - Robert J Dempsey
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, United States of America; Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, United States of America
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Hou J, Deng M, Li X, Liu W, Chu X, Wang J, Chen F, Meng S. Chaperone gp96 mediates ER-α36 cell membrane expression. Oncotarget 2016; 6:31857-67. [PMID: 26396174 PMCID: PMC4741645 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
ER (estrogen receptor)-α36, a variant of human ERα, activates non-genomic cell signaling pathways. ER-α36 on the cell membrane plays a role in breast cancer growth and development, and contributes to tamoxifen resistance. However, it is not understood how cell membrane expression of ER-α36 is regulated. In this study, we investigated the role of cell membrane glycoprotein 96 (mgp96) in the regulation of ER-α36 expression and signaling. We found that the C-terminal domain of mgp96 directly interacts with ER-α36 on the cell membrane of breast tumor cells. This interaction stabilizes the ER-α36 protein, thereby increasing its signaling, which, in turn, increases tumor cell growth and invasion. Moreover, targeting mgp96 with siRNA or monoclonal antibody (mAb) blocks the mgp96-ER-α36 interaction and inhibits breast cancer growth and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. These results provide insights into the modulation of cell membrane ER-α36 expression and suggest that mgp96 could be a potential therapeutic target for ER-α36-overexpressing breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Hou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Mengmeng Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Xin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Chu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Shenogen Pharma Group, Changping District, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Feng Chen
- Shenogen Pharma Group, Changping District, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Songdong Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, P.R. China
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Podo F, Paris L, Cecchetti S, Spadaro F, Abalsamo L, Ramoni C, Ricci A, Pisanu ME, Sardanelli F, Canese R, Iorio E. Activation of Phosphatidylcholine-Specific Phospholipase C in Breast and Ovarian Cancer: Impact on MRS-Detected Choline Metabolic Profile and Perspectives for Targeted Therapy. Front Oncol 2016; 6:171. [PMID: 27532027 PMCID: PMC4969288 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying the aberrant phosphatidylcholine cycle in cancer cells plays in favor of the use of metabolic imaging in oncology and opens the way for designing new targeted therapies. The anomalous choline metabolic profile detected in cancer by magnetic resonance spectroscopy and spectroscopic imaging provides molecular signatures of tumor progression and response to therapy. The increased level of intracellular phosphocholine (PCho) typically detected in cancer cells is mainly attributed to upregulation of choline kinase, responsible for choline phosphorylation in the biosynthetic Kennedy pathway, but can also be partly produced by activation of phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC). This hydrolytic enzyme, known for implications in bacterial infection and in plant survival to hostile environmental conditions, is reported to be activated in mitogen- and oncogene-induced phosphatidylcholine cycles in mammalian cells, with effects on cell signaling, cell cycle regulation, and cell proliferation. Recent investigations showed that PC-PLC activation could account for 20–50% of the intracellular PCho production in ovarian and breast cancer cells of different subtypes. Enzyme activation was associated with PC-PLC protein overexpression and subcellular redistribution in these cancer cells compared with non-tumoral counterparts. Moreover, PC-PLC coimmunoprecipitated with the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) and EGFR in HER2-overexpressing breast and ovarian cancer cells, while pharmacological PC-PLC inhibition resulted into long-lasting HER2 downregulation, retarded receptor re-expression on plasma membrane and antiproliferative effects. This body of evidence points to PC-PLC as a potential target for newly designed therapies, whose effects can be preclinically and clinically monitored by metabolic imaging methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franca Podo
- Molecular and Cellular Imaging Unit, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Luisa Paris
- Molecular and Cellular Imaging Unit, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Serena Cecchetti
- Molecular and Cellular Imaging Unit, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Francesca Spadaro
- Molecular and Cellular Imaging Unit, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Laura Abalsamo
- Molecular and Cellular Imaging Unit, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Carlo Ramoni
- Molecular and Cellular Imaging Unit, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Alessandro Ricci
- Molecular and Cellular Imaging Unit, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Maria Elena Pisanu
- Molecular and Cellular Imaging Unit, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Francesco Sardanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Research Hospital Policlinico San Donato , Milan , Italy
| | - Rossella Canese
- Molecular and Cellular Imaging Unit, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Egidio Iorio
- Molecular and Cellular Imaging Unit, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
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30
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Cecchetti S, Bortolomai I, Ferri R, Mercurio L, Canevari S, Podo F, Miotti S, Iorio E. Inhibition of Phosphatidylcholine-Specific Phospholipase C Interferes with Proliferation and Survival of Tumor Initiating Cells in Squamous Cell Carcinoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136120. [PMID: 26402860 PMCID: PMC4581859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The role of phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC), the enzyme involved in cell differentiation and proliferation, has not yet been explored in tumor initiating cells (TICs). We investigated PC-PLC expression and effects of PC-PLC inhibition in two adherent (AD) squamous carcinoma cell lines (A431 and CaSki), with different proliferative and stemness potential, and in TIC-enriched floating spheres (SPH) originated from them. Results Compared with immortalized non-tumoral keratinocytes (HaCaT) A431-AD cells showed 2.5-fold higher PC-PLC activity, nuclear localization of a 66-kDa PC-PLC isoform, but a similar distribution of the enzyme on plasma membrane and in cytoplasmic compartments. Compared with A431-AD, A431-SPH cells showed about 2.8-fold lower PC-PLC protein and activity levels, but similar nuclear content. Exposure of adherent cells to the PC-PLC inhibitor D609 (48h) induced a 50% reduction of cell proliferation at doses comprised between 33 and 50 μg/ml, without inducing any relevant cytotoxic effect (cell viability 95±5%). In A431-SPH and CaSki-SPH D609 induced both cytostatic and cytotoxic effects at about 20 to 30-fold lower doses (IC50 ranging between 1.2 and 1.6 μg/ml). Furthermore, D609 treatment of A431-AD and CaSki-AD cells affected the sphere-forming efficiency, which dropped in both cells, and induced down-modulation of stem-related markers mRNA levels (Oct4, Nestin, Nanog and ALDH1 in A431; Nestin and ALDH1 in CaSki cells). Conclusions These data suggest that the inhibition of PC-PLC activity may represent a new therapeutic approach to selectively target the most aggressive and tumor promoting sub-population of floating spheres originated from squamous cancer cells possessing different proliferative and stemness potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Cecchetti
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Ileana Bortolomai
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Renata Ferri
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Mercurio
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvana Canevari
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail: (FP); (SC)
| | - Franca Podo
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail: (FP); (SC)
| | - Silvia Miotti
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Egidio Iorio
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Jung JH, Lee MY, Choi DY, Lee JW, You S, Lee KY, Kim J, Kim KP. Phospholipids of tumor extracellular vesicles stratify gefitinib-resistant nonsmall cell lung cancer cells from gefitinib-sensitive cells. Proteomics 2015; 15:824-35. [PMID: 25404199 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as gefitinib are one of gold standard treatment options for nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, which eventually fail due to the acquired resistance and relapse because of the development of secondary activating mutations such as T790M in EGFR. Predicting chemo-responsiveness of cancer patients provides a major challenge in chemotherapy. The goal of the present study is to determine whether phospholipid signatures of tumor extracellular vesicles (EV) are associated with gefitinib-resistance of NSCLC. A sophisticated MS-based shotgun lipidomic assays were performed for in-depth analysis of the lipidomes of gefitinib-resistant (PC9R) and responsive (PC9) NSCLC cells and their shed EV from these cell lines (PC9EV or PC9REV). Lipid MALDI-MS analysis showed that EV phospholipid composition was significantly distinct in PC9R, compared to PC9 cells. Following statistical analyses has identified 35 (20 positive and 15 negative ion mode) differentially regulated lipids, which are significantly over- or underexpressed in PC9R EV, compared to PC9 EV (p value < 0.01, fold change > 1.5). Our phospholipid signatures suggest that EV associates with drug sensitivity, which is worthy of additional investigation to assess chemoresistance in patients with NSCLC treated with anti-EGFR TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hun Jung
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
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Li X, Sun L, Hou J, Gui M, Ying J, Zhao H, Lv N, Meng S. Cell membrane gp96 facilitates HER2 dimerization and serves as a novel target in breast cancer. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:512-24. [PMID: 25546612 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
HER2 receptor dimerization is a critical step in the HER2 activation process. Here, we demonstrated that heat shock protein gp96 on cell membrane interacts with HER2, facilitates HER2 dimerization and promotes cell proliferation. Cell membrane gp96 levels were observed to correlate with HER2 phosphorylation in primary breast tumors. Finally, we provide evidence that targeting gp96 with a specific monoclonal antibody led to decreased cell growth and increased apoptosis in vitro, and suppression of tumor growth in vivo. Our work represents a new therapeutic strategy for inhibiting HER2 signaling in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Lu Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Junwei Hou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Mingming Gui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Jianming Ying
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Lv
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Songdong Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
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Dittrich A, Gautrey H, Browell D, Tyson-Capper A. The HER2 Signaling Network in Breast Cancer--Like a Spider in its Web. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2014; 19:253-70. [PMID: 25544707 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-014-9329-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a major player in the survival and proliferation of tumour cells and is overexpressed in up to 30 % of breast cancer cases. A considerable amount of work has been undertaken to unravel the activity and function of HER2 to try and develop effective therapies that impede its action in HER2 positive breast tumours. Research has focused on exploring the HER2 activated phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and rat sarcoma/mitogen-activated protein kinase (RAS/MAPK) pathways for therapies. Despite the advances, cases of drug resistance and recurrence of disease still remain a challenge to overcome. An important aspect for drug resistance is the complexity of the HER2 signaling network. This includes the crosstalk between HER2 and hormone receptors; its function as a transcription factor; the regulation of HER2 by protein-tyrosine phosphatases and a complex network of positive and negative feedback-loops. This review summarises the current knowledge of many different HER2 interactions to illustrate the complexity of the HER2 network from the transcription of HER2 to the effect of its downstream targets. Exploring the novel avenues of the HER2 signaling could yield a better understanding of treatment resistance and give rise to developing new and more effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dittrich
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
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Ueda Y, Ishitsuka R, Hullin-Matsuda F, Kobayashi T. Regulation of the transbilayer movement of diacylglycerol in the plasma membrane. Biochimie 2014; 107 Pt A:43-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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35
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Qie S, Chu C, Li W, Wang C, Sang N. ErbB2 activation upregulates glutaminase 1 expression which promotes breast cancer cell proliferation. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:498-509. [PMID: 24122876 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Active glutamine utilization is critical for tumor cell proliferation. Glutaminolysis represents the first and rate-limiting step of glutamine utilization and is catalyzed by glutaminase (GLS). Activation of ErbB2 is one of the major causes of breast cancers, the second most common cause of death for women in many countries. However, it remains unclear whether ErbB2 signaling affects glutaminase expression in breast cancer cells. In this study, we show that MCF10A-NeuT cell line has higher GLS1 expression at both mRNA and protein levels than its parental line MCF10A, and knockdown of ErbB2 decreases GLS1 expression in MCF10A-NeuT cells. We further show that in these cells, ErbB2-mediated upregulation of GLS1 is not correlated to c-Myc expression. Moreover, activation of neither PI3K-Akt nor MAPK pathway is sufficient to upregulate GLS1 expression. Interestingly, inhibition of NF-κB blocks ErbB2-stimulated GLS1 expression, whereas stimulation of NF-κB is sufficient to enhance GLS1 levels in MCF10A cells, suggesting a PI3K-Akt-independent activation of NF-κB upregulates GLS1 in ErbB2-positive breast cancer cells. Finally, knockdown or inhibition of GLS1 significantly decreased the proliferation of breast cancer cells with high GLS1 levels. Taken together, our data indicate that ErbB2 activation promotes GLS1 expression via a PI3K-Akt-independent NF-κB pathway in breast cancer cells, identifying another oncogenic signaling pathway which stimulates GLS1 expression, and thus promoting glutamine utilization in cancer cells. These findings, if validated by in vivo model, may facilitate the identification of novel biochemical targets for cancer prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Qie
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
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Fenollosa R, Garcia-Rico E, Alvarez S, Alvarez R, Yu X, Rodriguez I, Carregal-Romero S, Villanueva C, Garcia-Algar M, Rivera-Gil P, de Lera AR, Parak WJ, Meseguer F, Alvarez-Puebla RA. Silicon particles as trojan horses for potential cancer therapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2014; 12:35. [PMID: 25223512 PMCID: PMC4428529 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-014-0035-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porous silicon particles (PSiPs) have been used extensively as drug delivery systems, loaded with chemical species for disease treatment. It is well known from silicon producers that silicon is characterized by a low reduction potential, which in the case of PSiPs promotes explosive oxidation reactions with energy yields exceeding that of trinitrotoluene (TNT). The functionalization of the silica layer with sugars prevents its solubilization, while further functionalization with an appropriate antibody enables increased bioaccumulation inside selected cells. RESULTS We present here an immunotherapy approach for potential cancer treatment. Our platform comprises the use of engineered silicon particles conjugated with a selective antibody. The conceptual advantage of our system is that after reaction, the particles are degraded into soluble and excretable biocomponents. CONCLUSIONS In our study, we demonstrate in particular, specific targeting and destruction of cancer cells in vitro. The fact that the LD50 value of PSiPs-HER-2 for tumor cells was 15-fold lower than the LD50 value for control cells demonstrates very high in vitro specificity. This is the first important step on a long road towards the design and development of novel chemotherapeutic agents against cancer in general, and breast cancer in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Fenollosa
- Centro de Tecnologías Físicas, Unidad Asociada ICMM/CSIC-UPV, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Av. Los Naranjos s/n, Valencia, 46022 Spain and Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Madrid, 28049, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Garcia-Rico
- Servicio de Oncología, Hospital Universitario Madrid-Torrelodones, Madrid, 28250, Spain.
| | - Susana Alvarez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, 36310, Spain.
| | - Rosana Alvarez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, 36310, Spain.
| | - Xiang Yu
- Fachbereich Physik, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, 35037, Germany.
| | - Isabel Rodriguez
- Centro de Tecnologías Físicas, Unidad Asociada ICMM/CSIC-UPV, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Av. Los Naranjos s/n, Valencia, 46022 Spain and Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Madrid, 28049, Spain.
| | | | - Carlos Villanueva
- Medcomtech SA, C/ Catalunya, 83-85 Viladecans, Barcelona, 08840, Spain.
| | - Manuel Garcia-Algar
- Departamento de Química Física e Inorgánica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili and Centro de Tecnología Química de Catalunya, Carrer de Marcel•lí Domingo s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Pilar Rivera-Gil
- Medcomtech SA, C/ Catalunya, 83-85 Viladecans, Barcelona, 08840, Spain.
| | - Angel R de Lera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, 36310, Spain.
| | - Wolfgang J Parak
- Fachbereich Physik, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, 35037, Germany.
| | - Francisco Meseguer
- Centro de Tecnologías Físicas, Unidad Asociada ICMM/CSIC-UPV, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Av. Los Naranjos s/n, Valencia, 46022 Spain and Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Madrid, 28049, Spain.
| | - Ramón A Alvarez-Puebla
- Departamento de Química Física e Inorgánica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili and Centro de Tecnología Química de Catalunya, Carrer de Marcel•lí Domingo s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain. .,ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
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Anikeeva N, Sykulev Y, Delikatny EJ, Popov AV. Core-based lipid nanoparticles as a nanoplatform for delivery of near-infrared fluorescent imaging agents. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING 2014; 4:507-524. [PMID: 25250201 PMCID: PMC4171838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Pyropheophorbide a (Pyro) is a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye and photosensitizer with high quantum yield that makes the dye suitable for tumor treatment both as an imaging and therapy agent. We have designed and synthesized a series of a Pyro-based NIR probes, based on the conjugation of Pyro with lipids. The nature of our probes requires the use of a lipophilic carrier to deliver the probes to cancer cell membranes. To address this, we have utilized lipid-based nanoparticles (LNPs) consisting of PEGylated lipids, which form the nanoparticle shell, and a lipid core. To endow the LNPs with targeting properties, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) lipids were included in the composition that enables the non-covalent attachment of His-tag targeting proteins preserving their functional activity. We found that the nature of the core molecules influence the nanoparticle size, shelf-life and stability at physiological temperature. Two different Pyro-lipid conjugates were loaded either into the core or shell of the LNPs. The conjugates revealed differential ability to be accumulated in the cell membrane of the target cells with time. Thus, the modular organization of the core-shell LNPs allows facile adjustment of their composition with goal to fine tuning the nanoparticle properties for in vivo application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Anikeeva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yuri Sykulev
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Edward J Delikatny
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anatoliy V Popov
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Jungnickel H, Potratz S, Baumann S, Tarnow P, von Bergen M, Luch A. Identification of lipidomic biomarkers for coexposure to subtoxic doses of benzo[a]pyrene and cadmium: the toxicological cascade biomarker approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:10423-10431. [PMID: 25093272 DOI: 10.1021/es502419w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The search for model bioassay systems indicating activation of different toxicological signaling pathways is one of the paramount goals of modern toxicology. Especially coexposure scenarios need to be investigated with respect to synergistic and interdependent effects for the activation of toxicological signaling pathways. The present study introduces an experimental in vitro model system for nontoxic and low-dose coexposures of human mammary carcinoma MCF-7 cells against polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as benzo[a]pyrene (BP) and heavy metals such as cadmium. For the first time, a multivariate model that identifies 18 metabolic biomarkers has been shown to be sufficient to separate BP-treated cells from coexposed or control cells. A "toxicological pathway color code model" is introduced to visualize the results. Different biomarker subsets can be associated with specific HER2 signaling steps. A tiered cascade biomarker approach is proposed that could be used to identify profiles associated with tumorigenic potency of environmental toxicants in coexposure scenarios, including possible synergistic or additive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Jungnickel
- Department of Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) , Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
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Meck C, D'Erasmo MP, Hirsch DR, Murelli RP. The biology and synthesis of α-hydroxytropolones. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014; 5:842-852. [PMID: 25089179 PMCID: PMC4114738 DOI: 10.1039/c4md00055b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
α-Hydroxytropolones are a subclass of the troponoid family of natural products that are of high interest due to their broad biological activity and potential as treatment options for several diseases. Despite this promise, there have been scarce synthetic chemistry-driven optimization studies on the molecules. The following review highlights key developments in the biological studies conducted on α-hydroxytropolones to date, including the few synthetic chemistry-driven optimization studies. In addition, we provide an overview of the methods currently available to access these molecules. This review is intended to serve as a resource for those interested in biological activity of α-hydroxytropolones, and inspire the development of new synthetic methods and strategies that could aid in this pursuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Meck
- Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Department of Chemistry, 2900 Bedford 4 Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Michael P D'Erasmo
- Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Department of Chemistry, 2900 Bedford 4 Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Danielle R Hirsch
- Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Department of Chemistry, 2900 Bedford 4 Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Ryan P Murelli
- Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Department of Chemistry, 2900 Bedford 4 Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, USA
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40
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Mitogenic effects of phosphatidylcholine nanoparticles on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:687037. [PMID: 24772432 PMCID: PMC3977480 DOI: 10.1155/2014/687037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lecithins, mainly composed of the phospholipids phosphatidylcholines (PC), have many different uses in the pharmaceutical and clinical field. PC are involved in structural and biological functions as membrane trafficking processes and cellular signaling. Considering the increasing applications of lecithin-based nanosystems for the delivery of therapeutic agents, the aim of the present work was to determine the effects of phosphatidylcholine nanoparticles over breast cancer cellular proliferation and signaling. PC dispersions at 0.01 and 0.1% (w/v) prepared in buffer pH 7.0 and 5.0 were studied in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Neutral 0.1% PC-derived nanoparticles induced the activation of the MEK-ERK1/2 pathway, increased cell viability and induced a 1.2 fold raise in proliferation. These biological effects correlated with the increase of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) content and its altered cellular localization. Results suggest that nanoparticles derived from PC dispersion prepared in buffer pH 7.0 may induce physicochemical changes in the plasma membrane of cancer cells which may affect EGFR cellular localization and/or activity, increasing activation of the MEK-ERK1/2 pathway and inducing proliferation. Results from the present study suggest that possible biological effects of delivery systems based on lecithin nanoparticles should be taken into account in pharmaceutical formulation design.
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Scott SA, Mathews TP, Ivanova PT, Lindsley CW, Brown HA. Chemical modulation of glycerolipid signaling and metabolic pathways. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1841:1060-84. [PMID: 24440821 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Thirty years ago, glycerolipids captured the attention of biochemical researchers as novel cellular signaling entities. We now recognize that these biomolecules occupy signaling nodes critical to a number of physiological and pathological processes. Thus, glycerolipid-metabolizing enzymes present attractive targets for new therapies. A number of fields-ranging from neuroscience and cancer to diabetes and obesity-have elucidated the signaling properties of glycerolipids. The biochemical literature teems with newly emerging small molecule inhibitors capable of manipulating glycerolipid metabolism and signaling. This ever-expanding pool of chemical modulators appears daunting to those interested in exploiting glycerolipid-signaling pathways in their model system of choice. This review distills the current body of literature surrounding glycerolipid metabolism into a more approachable format, facilitating the application of small molecule inhibitors to novel systems. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Tools to study lipid functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Scott
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Thomas P Mathews
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Pavlina T Ivanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - H Alex Brown
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
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42
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Pisanu ME, Ricci A, Paris L, Surrentino E, Liliac L, Bagnoli M, Canevari S, Mezzanzanica D, Podo F, Iorio E, Canese R. Monitoring response to cytostatic cisplatin in a HER2(+) ovary cancer model by MRI and in vitro and in vivo MR spectroscopy. Br J Cancer 2013; 110:625-35. [PMID: 24335926 PMCID: PMC3915124 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Limited knowledge is available on alterations induced by cytostatic drugs on magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and imaging (MRI) parameters of human cancers, in absence of apoptosis or cytotoxicity. We here investigated the effects of a cytostatic cisplatin (CDDP) treatment on 1H MRS and MRI of HER2-overexpressing epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells and in vivo xenografts. Methods: High-resolution MRS analyses were performed on in vivo passaged SKOV3.ip cells and cell/tissue extracts (16.4 or 9.4 T). In vivo MRI/MRS quantitative analyses (4.7 T) were conducted on xenografts obtained by subcutaneous implantation of SKOV3.ip cells in SCID mice. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and metabolite levels were measured. Results: CDDP-induced cytostatic effects were associated with a metabolic shift of cancer cells towards accumulation of MRS-detected neutral lipids, whereas the total choline profile failed to be perturbed in both cultured cells and xenografts. In vivo MRI examinations showed delayed tumour growth in the CDDP-treated group, associated with early reduction of the ADC mean value. Conclusion: This study provides an integrated set of information on cancer metabolism and physiology for monitoring the response of an EOC model to a cytostatic chemotherapy, as a basis for improving the interpretation of non-invasive MR examinations of EOC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Pisanu
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - A Ricci
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - L Paris
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - E Surrentino
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - L Liliac
- 1] Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milano, Italy [2] Department of Histology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Grigore T. Popa', Iasi, Romania
| | - M Bagnoli
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - S Canevari
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - D Mezzanzanica
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F Podo
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - E Iorio
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - R Canese
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy
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Wu X, Qin L, Fako V, Zhang JT. Molecular mechanisms of fatty acid synthase (FASN)-mediated resistance to anti-cancer treatments. Adv Biol Regul 2013; 54:214-21. [PMID: 24080588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Human FASN is the key enzyme required for de novo synthesis of fatty acids. Up-regulated FASN expression has been reported in various human cancers and was thought to contribute to poor prognosis and recurrence of these cancers. Studies using model cell lines have indicated the role of FASN in both intrinsic and acquired drug and radiation resistance. Recent studies suggest that FASN may play an important role in regulating gene expression such as pro-apoptotic proteins and cellular processes such as DNA repair pathways, which in turn contribute to resistance to drug and radiation-induced apoptosis. In this review, we will highlight our recent progress in understanding the mechanism of FASN-induced resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and IU Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Li Qin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and IU Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Valerie Fako
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and IU Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jian-Ting Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and IU Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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von Schwarzenberg K, Lajtos T, Simon L, Müller R, Vereb G, Vollmar AM. V-ATPase inhibition overcomes trastuzumab resistance in breast cancer. Mol Oncol 2013; 8:9-19. [PMID: 24055142 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The HER2 oncogene targeting drug trastuzumab shows remarkable efficacy in patients overexpressing HER2. However acquired or primary resistance develops in most of the treated patients why alternative treatment strategies are strongly needed. As endosomal sorting and recycling are crucial steps for HER2 activity and the vacuolar H⁺-ATPase (V-ATPase) is an important regulator of endocytotic trafficking, we proposed that targeting V-ATPase opens a new therapeutic strategy against trastuzumab-resistant tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. V-ATPase inhibition with archazolid, a novel inhibitor of myxobacterial origin, results in growth inhibition, apoptosis and impaired HER2 pro-survival signaling of the trastuzumab-resistant cell line JIMT-1. This is accompanied by a decreased expression on the plasma membrane and accumulation of HER2 in the cytosol, where it colocalizes with endosomes, lysosomes and autophagosomes. Importantly, microscopic analysis of JIMT-1 xenograft tumor tissue of archazolid treated mice confirms the defect in HER2-recycling which leads to reduced tumor growth. These results suggest that V-ATPase inhibition by archazolid induces apoptosis and inhibits growth of trastuzumab-resistant tumor cells by retaining HER2 in dysfunctional vesicles of the recycling pathway and consequently abrogates HER2-signaling in vitro as well as in vivo. V-ATPase inhibition is thus suggested as a promising strategy for treatment of trastuzumab-resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin von Schwarzenberg
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Tamás Lajtos
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Làszló Simon
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Rolf Müller
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, PO 151150, 66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - György Vereb
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; MTA Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Angelika M Vollmar
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
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Arias-Mendoza F, Payne GS, Zakian K, Stubbs M, O'Connor OA, Mojahed H, Smith MR, Schwarz AJ, Shukla-Dave A, Howe F, Poptani H, Lee SC, Pettengel R, Schuster SJ, Cunningham D, Heerschap A, Glickson JD, Griffiths JR, Koutcher JA, Leach MO, Brown TR. Noninvasive phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging predicts outcome to first-line chemotherapy in newly diagnosed patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Acad Radiol 2013; 20:1122-9. [PMID: 23931426 PMCID: PMC3810177 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2013.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Based on their association with malignant proliferation, using noninvasive phosphorus MR spectroscopic imaging ((31)P MRSI), we measured the tumor content of the phospholipid-related phosphomonoesters (PME), phosphoethanolamine and phospholcholine, and its correlation with treatment outcome in newly diagnosed patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) receiving standard first-line chemotherapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The PME value normalized to nucleoside triphosphates (PME/NTP) was measured using (31)P MRSI in tumor masses of 20 patients with DLBCL before receiving standard first-line chemotherapy. Response at 6 months was complete in 13 patients and partial in seven. Time to treatment failure (TTF) was ≤11 months in eight patients, from 18 to 30 months in three, and ≥60 months in nine. RESULTS On a t test, the pretreatment tumor PME/NTP mean value (SD, n) of patients with a complete response at 6 months was 1.42 (0.41, 13), which was significantly different from the value of 2.46 (0.40, 7) in patients with partial response (P < .00001). A Fisher test significantly correlated the PME/NTP values with response at 6 months (sensitivity and specificity at 0.85, P < .004) while a Cox proportional hazards regression significantly correlated the PME/NTP values with TTF (hazard ratio = 5.21, P < .02). A Kaplan-Meier test set apart a group entirely composed of patients with TTF ≤ 11 months (hazard ratio = 8.66, P < .00001). CONCLUSIONS The pretreatment tumor PME/NTP values correlated with response to treatment at 6 months and time to treatment failure in newly diagnosed patients with DLBCL treated with first-line chemotherapy, and therefore they could be used to predict treatment outcome in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Arias-Mendoza
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University, 710 W 168th St., Neurological Institute Basement, Room B-057, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Cufí S, Vazquez-Martin A, Oliveras-Ferraros C, Corominas-Faja B, Urruticoechea A, Martin-Castillo B, Menendez JA. Autophagy-related gene 12 (ATG12) is a novel determinant of primary resistance to HER2-targeted therapies: utility of transcriptome analysis of the autophagy interactome to guide breast cancer treatment. Oncotarget 2013; 3:1600-14. [PMID: 23307622 PMCID: PMC3681498 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The autophagic process, which can facilitate breast cancer resistance to endocrine, cytotoxic,
and molecularly targeted agents, is mainly regulated at the post-translational level. Although
recent studies have suggested a possible transcriptome regulation of the autophagic genes, little is
known about either the analysis tools that can be applied or the functional importance of putative
candidate genes emerging from autophagy-dedicated transcriptome studies. In this context, we
evaluated whether the constitutive activation of the autophagy machinery, as revealed by a
transcriptome analysis using an autophagy-focused polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array, might allow
for the identification of novel autophagy-specific biomarkers for intrinsic (primary) resistance to
HER2-targeted therapies. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR)-based profiling of 84 genes involved
in autophagy revealed that, when compared to trastuzumab-sensitive SKBR3 cells, the positive
regulator of autophagic vesicle formation ATG12 (autophagy-related gene 12) was the
most differentially up-regulated gene in JIMT1 cells, a model of intrinsic cross-resistance to
trastuzumab and other HER1/2-targeting drugs. An analysis of the transcriptional status of
ATG12 in > 50 breast cancer cell lines suggested that the
ATG12 transcript is commonly upregulated in trastuzumab-unresponsive
HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells. A lentiviral-delivered small hairpin RNA stable knockdown
of the ATG12 gene fully suppressed the refractoriness of JIMT1 cells to
trastuzumab, erlotinib, gefitinib, and lapatinib in vitro. ATG12 silencing
significantly reduced JIMT1 tumor growth induced by subcutaneous injection in nude mice. Remarkably,
the outgrowth of trastuzumab-unresponsive tumors was prevented completely when trastuzumab treatment
was administered in an ATG12-silenced genetic background. We demonstrate for the
first time the usefulness of low-density, autophagy-dedicated qRT-PCR-based platforms for monitoring
primary resistance to HER2-targeted therapies by transcriptionally screening the autophagy
interactome. The degree of predictive accuracy warrants further investigation in the clinical
situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Cufí
- Metabolism and Cancer Group, Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology-Girona, ICO-Girona
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Ueda Y, Makino A, Murase‐Tamada K, Sakai S, Inaba T, Hullin‐Matsuda F, Kobayashi T. Sphingomyelin regulates the transbilayer movement of diacylglycerol in the plasma membrane of Madin‐Darby canine kidney cells. FASEB J 2013; 27:3284-97. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-226548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshibumi Ueda
- Lipid Biology LaboratoryRikagaku Kenkyūjo (RIKEN)WakoJapan
| | - Asami Makino
- Lipid Biology LaboratoryRikagaku Kenkyūjo (RIKEN)WakoJapan
| | | | - Shota Sakai
- Lipid Biology LaboratoryRikagaku Kenkyūjo (RIKEN)WakoJapan
| | - Takehiko Inaba
- Lipid Biology LaboratoryRikagaku Kenkyūjo (RIKEN)WakoJapan
| | - Françoise Hullin‐Matsuda
- Lipid Biology LaboratoryRikagaku Kenkyūjo (RIKEN)WakoJapan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1060Université Lyon 1VilleurbanneFrance
| | - Toshihide Kobayashi
- Lipid Biology LaboratoryRikagaku Kenkyūjo (RIKEN)WakoJapan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1060Université Lyon 1VilleurbanneFrance
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Lipid raft disarrangement as a result of neuropathological progresses: a novel strategy for early diagnosis? Neuroscience 2013; 245:26-39. [PMID: 23618758 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lipid rafts are the preferential site of numerous membrane signaling proteins which are involved in neuronal functioning and survival. These proteins are organized in multiprotein complexes, or signalosomes, in close contact with lipid classes particularly represented in lipid rafts (i.e. cholesterol, sphingolipids and saturated fatty acids), which may contribute to physiological responses leading to neuroprotection. Increasing evidence indicates that alteration of lipid composition in raft structures as a consequence of neuropathologies, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), causes a dramatic increase in lipid raft order. These phenomena may correlate with perturbation of signalosome activities, likely contributing to neurodegenerative progression. Interestingly, significant disruption of stable raft microenvironments has been already observed in the first stages of either AD or PD, suggesting that these alterations may represent early events in the neuropathological development. In this regard, the search for biochemical markers, such as specific metabolic products altered in the brain at the first steps of the disease, presently represents an important challenge for early diagnostic strategies. Alterations of these biomarkers may be reflected in either plasma or cerebrospinal fluid, thus representing a potential strategy to predict an accurate diagnosis. We propose that pathologically-linked lipid raft markers may be interesting candidates to be explored at this level, although it has not been studied so far to what extent alteration of different signalosome components may be reflected in peripheral fluids. In this mini-review, we will discuss on relevant aspects of lipid rafts that contribute to the modulation of neuropathological events related to AD and PD. An interesting hypothesis is that anomalies on raft biomarkers measured at peripheral fluids might mirror the lipid raft pathology observed in early stages of AD and PD.
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Davila M, Candiota AP, Pumarola M, Arus C. Minimization of spectral pattern changes during HRMAS experiments at 37 degrees celsius by prior focused microwave irradiation. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2013; 25:401-10. [PMID: 22286777 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-012-0303-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT High-resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) magnetic resonance spectroscopy provides detailed metabolomic information from intact tissue. However, long acquisition times and high rotation speed may lead to timedependent spectral pattern changes, which may affect proper interpretation of results. We report a strategy to minimize those changes, even at physiological recording temperature. MATERIALS AND METHODS Glioblastoma(Gbm) tumours were induced in 12 mice by stereotactic injection of GL261 cells. Animals were sacrificed and tumours were removed and stored in liquid N2. Half of the samples were exposed to focused microwave (FMW) irradiation prior to HRMAS while the other half was not. Time-course experiments (374 min at 37°C, 9.4T, 3,000 Hz spinning rate) were carried out to monitor spectral pattern changes. Differences were assessed with Unianova test while post-HRMAS histopathology analysis was performed to assess tissue integrity. RESULTS Significant changes (up to 1.7 fold) were observed in samples without FMW irradiation in several spectral regions e.g. mobile lipids/lactate (0.90-1.30 ppm), acetate (1.90 ppm), N-acetyl aspartate (2.00 ppm), and Choline-containing compounds (3.19-3.25 ppm). No significant changes in the spectral pattern of FMW-irradiated samples were recorded. CONCLUSION We describe here a successful strategy to minimize spectral pattern changes in mouse Gbm samples using a FMW irradiation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Davila
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica de Biociències, Edifici Cs, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Valle`s, Spain
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Furse S, Liddell S, Ortori CA, Williams H, Neylon DC, Scott DJ, Barrett DA, Gray DA. The lipidome and proteome of oil bodies from Helianthus annuus (common sunflower). J Chem Biol 2013; 6:63-76. [PMID: 23532185 PMCID: PMC3606697 DOI: 10.1007/s12154-012-0090-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper we report the molecular profiling, lipidome and proteome, of the plant organelle known as an oil body (OB). The OB is remarkable in that it is able to perform its biological role (storage of triglycerides) whilst resisting the physical stresses caused by changes during desiccation (dehydration) and germination (rehydration). The molecular profile that confers such extraordinary physical stability on OBs was determined using a combination of 31P/1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), high-resolution mass spectrometry and nominal mass-tandem mass spectrometry for the lipidome, and gel-electrophoresis-chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the proteome. The integrity of the procedure for isolating OBs was supported by physical evidence from small-angle neutron-scattering experiments. Suppression of lipase activity was crucial in determining the lipidome. There is conclusive evidence that the latter is dominated by phosphatidylcholine (∼60 %) and phosphatidylinositol (∼20 %), with a variety of other head groups (∼20 %). The fatty acid profile of the surface monolayer comprised palmitic, linoleic and oleic acids (2:1:0.25, 1H NMR) with only traces of other fatty acids (C24:0, C22:0, C18:0, C18:3, C16:2; by MS). The proteome is rich in oleosins (78 %) with the remainder being made up of caleosins and steroleosins. These data are sufficiently detailed to inform an update of the understood model of this organelle and can be used to inform the use of such components in a range of molecular biological, biotechnological and food industry applications. The techniques used in this study for profiling the lipidome throw a new light on the lipid profile of plant cellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Furse
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, College Lane, Sutton Bonington, Nottinghamshire, LE12 5RD UK
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