1
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Seol A, Kim JE, Jin YJ, Song HJ, Roh YJ, Kim TR, Park ES, Park KH, Park SH, Uddin MS, Lee SW, Choi YW, Hwang DY. Novel Therapeutic Effects of Euphorbia heterophylla L. Methanol Extracts in Macular Degeneration Caused by Blue Light in A2E-Laden ARPE-19 Cells and Retina of BALB/c Mice. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:1193. [PMID: 39338355 PMCID: PMC11435363 DOI: 10.3390/ph17091193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural products with high antioxidant activity are considered as innovative prevention strategies to effectively prevent age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the early stage because the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to the development of drusen is reported as an important cause of this disease. To investigate the prevention effects of the methanol extracts of Euphorbia heterophylla L. (MEE) on AMD, its effects on the antioxidant activity, inflammatory response, apoptosis pathway, neovascularization, and retinal tissue degeneration were analyzed in N-retinylidene-N-retinylethanolamine (A2E)-landed spontaneously arising retinal pigment epithelia (ARPE)-19 cells and BALB/c mice after exposure to blue light (BL). The MEE contained 10 active components and showed high free radical scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and nitric oxide (NO) radicals. The pretreatments of high-dose MEE remarkably suppressed the production of intracellular ROS (88.2%) and NO (25.2%) and enhanced (SOD) activity (84%) and the phosphorylation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in A2E + BL-treated ARPE-19 cells compared to Vehicle-treated group. The activation of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mediated pathway, inflammasome activation, and expression of inflammatory cytokines was significantly inhibited in A2E + BL-treated ARPE-19 cells after the MEE pretreatment. The activation of the apoptosis pathway and increased expression of neovascular proteins (36% for matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9) were inhibited in the MEE pretreated groups compared to the Vehicle-treated group. Furthermore, the thickness of the whole retina (31%), outer nuclear layer (ONL), inner nuclear layer (INL), and photoreceptor layer (PL) were significantly increased by the MEE pretreatment of BALB/c mice with BL-induced retinal degeneration. Therefore, these results suggest that the MEE, with its high antioxidative activity, protects against BL-induced retinal degeneration through the regulation of the antioxidative system, inflammatory response, apoptosis, and neovascularization in the AMD mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayun Seol
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jeong Jin
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Song
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jeong Roh
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Ryeol Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Seo Park
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Ho Park
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hae Park
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sang-Woo Lee
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Woo Choi
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
- Longevity & Wellbeing Research Center, Laboratory Animals Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
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2
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Fu C, Yang N, Chuang JZ, Nakajima N, Iraha S, Roy N, Wu Z, Jiang Z, Otsu W, Radu RA, Yang HH, Lee MP, Worgall TS, Xiong WC, Sung CH. Mutant mice with rod-specific VPS35 deletion exhibit retinal α-synuclein pathology-associated degeneration. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5970. [PMID: 39043666 PMCID: PMC11266608 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50189-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Vacuolar protein sorting 35 (VPS35), the core component of the retromer complex which regulates endosomal trafficking, is genetically linked with Parkinson's disease (PD). Impaired vision is a common non-motor manifestation of PD. Here, we show mouse retinas with VPS35-deficient rods exhibit synapse loss and visual deficit, followed by progressive degeneration concomitant with the emergence of Lewy body-like inclusions and phospho-α-synuclein (P-αSyn) aggregation. Ultrastructural analyses reveal VPS35-deficient rods accumulate aggregates in late endosomes, deposited as lipofuscins bound to P-αSyn. Mechanistically, we uncover a protein network of VPS35 and its interaction with HSC70. VPS35 deficiency promotes sequestration of HSC70 and P-αSyn aggregation in late endosomes. Microglia which engulf lipofuscins and P-αSyn aggregates are activated, displaying autofluorescence, observed as bright dots in fundus imaging of live animals, coinciding with pathology onset and progression. The Rod∆Vps35 mouse line is a valuable tool for further mechanistic investigation of αSyn lesions and retinal degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Margaret M. Dyson Vision Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Nan Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Margaret M. Dyson Vision Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jen-Zen Chuang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Margaret M. Dyson Vision Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Nobuyuki Nakajima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Margaret M. Dyson Vision Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Urology, Tokai University School of Medicipne, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Iraha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Margaret M. Dyson Vision Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University; Department of Ophthalmology, National Sanatorium Kikuchi Keifuen, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Neeta Roy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Margaret M. Dyson Vision Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Zhenquan Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Margaret M. Dyson Vision Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Zhichun Jiang
- UCLA Stein Eye Institute, and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wataru Otsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Margaret M. Dyson Vision Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Biomedical Research Laboratory, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Roxana A Radu
- UCLA Stein Eye Institute, and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Howard Hua Yang
- The Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maxwell Ping Lee
- The Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tilla S Worgall
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ching-Hwa Sung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Margaret M. Dyson Vision Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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3
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Pazur E, Kalatanova A, Tasker NR, Vainionpää K, Leinonen H, Wipf P. Synthesis and Biological Analysis of Iso-dimethyltryptamines in a Model of Light-Induced Retinal Degeneration. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:1049-1056. [PMID: 39015263 PMCID: PMC11247652 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.4c00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Iso-dimethyltryptamine (isoDMT) analogues with heterocyclic substitutions at the indole C(3) were prepared in a hydrogen autotransfer alkylation and tested in combination with natural and unnatural clavine alkaloids in a model of light-induced retinal degeneration for protection against retinal degeneration. On the basis of measurements with optical coherence tomography and electroretinography, three compounds showed better efficacy than the positive control bromocriptine at equivalent systemically administered doses. These studies provide further insights into the role of serotonin receptors and their potential therapeutic applications in ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan
J. Pazur
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Anna Kalatanova
- Yliopistonrinne
3, Canthia, School of Pharmacy, University
of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Nikhil R. Tasker
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Katri Vainionpää
- Yliopistonrinne
3, Canthia, School of Pharmacy, University
of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Henri Leinonen
- Yliopistonrinne
3, Canthia, School of Pharmacy, University
of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
- Yliopistonrinne
3, Canthia, School of Pharmacy, University
of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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4
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Kaushik V, Dąbrowski M, Gessa L, Kumar N, Fernandes H. Two-photon excitation fluorescence in ophthalmology: safety and improved imaging for functional diagnostics. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 10:1293640. [PMID: 38235268 PMCID: PMC10791900 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1293640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) is emerging as a powerful imaging technique with superior penetration power in scattering media, allowing for functional imaging of biological tissues at a subcellular level. TPEF is commonly used in cancer diagnostics, as it enables the direct observation of metabolism within living cells. The technique is now widely used in various medical fields, including ophthalmology. The eye is a complex and delicate organ with multiple layers of different cell types and tissues. Although this structure is ideal for visual perception, it generates aberrations in TPEF eye imaging. However, adaptive optics can now compensate for these aberrations, allowing for improved imaging of the eyes of animal models for human diseases. The eye is naturally built to filter out harmful wavelengths, but these wavelengths can be mimicked and thereby utilized in diagnostics via two-photon (2Ph) excitation. Recent advances in laser-source manufacturing have made it possible to minimize the exposure of in vivo measurements within safety, while achieving sufficient signals to detect for functional images, making TPEF a viable option for human application. This review explores recent advances in wavefront-distortion correction in animal models and the safety of use of TPEF on human subjects, both of which make TPEF a potentially powerful tool for ophthalmological diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineeta Kaushik
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Dąbrowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- International Centre for Translational Eye Research, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Luca Gessa
- International Centre for Translational Eye Research, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nelam Kumar
- International Centre for Translational Eye Research, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Humberto Fernandes
- International Centre for Translational Eye Research, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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5
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Castiglione GM, Chiu YLI, Gutierrez EDA, Van Nynatten A, Hauser FE, Preston M, Bhattacharyya N, Schott RK, Chang BSW. Convergent evolution of dim light vision in owls and deep-diving whales. Curr Biol 2023; 33:4733-4740.e4. [PMID: 37776863 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Animals with enhanced dim-light sensitivity are at higher risk of light-induced retinal degeneration when exposed to bright light conditions.1,2,3,4 This trade-off is mediated by the rod photoreceptor sensory protein, rhodopsin (RHO), and its toxic vitamin A chromophore by-product, all-trans retinal.5,6,7,8 Rod arrestin (Arr-1) binds to RHO and promotes sequestration of excess all-trans retinal,9,10 which has recently been suggested as a protective mechanism against photoreceptor cell death.2,11 We investigated Arr-1 evolution in animals at high risk of retinal damage due to periodic bright-light exposure of rod-dominated retinas. Here, we find the convergent evolution of enhanced Arr-1/RHO all-trans-retinal sequestration in owls and deep-diving whales. Statistical analyses reveal a parallel acceleration of Arr-1 evolutionary rates in these lineages, which is associated with the introduction of a rare Arr-1 mutation (Q69R) into the RHO-Arr-1 binding interface. Using in vitro assays, we find that this single mutation significantly enhances RHO-all-trans-retinal sequestration by ∼30%. This functional convergence across 300 million years of evolutionary divergence suggests that Arr-1 and RHO may play an underappreciated role in the photoprotection of the eye, with potentially vast clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni M Castiglione
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada; Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada; Evolutionary Studies, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
| | - Yan L I Chiu
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Eduardo de A Gutierrez
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Alexander Van Nynatten
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Frances E Hauser
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Matthew Preston
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Nihar Bhattacharyya
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada; Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Ryan K Schott
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada; Department of Biology and Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | - Belinda S W Chang
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada; Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada.
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6
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Kaltak M, Corradi Z, Collin RWJ, Swildens J, Cremers FPM. Stargardt disease-associated missense and synonymous ABCA4 variants result in aberrant splicing. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:3078-3089. [PMID: 37555651 PMCID: PMC10586196 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Missense variants in ABCA4 constitute ~50% of causal variants in Stargardt disease (STGD1). Their pathogenicity is attributed to their direct effect on protein function, whilst their potential impact on pre-mRNA splicing disruption remains poorly understood. Interestingly, synonymous ABCA4 variants have previously been classified as 'severe' variants based on in silico analyses. Here, we systemically investigated the role of synonymous and missense variants in ABCA4 splicing by combining computational predictions and experimental assays. To identify variants of interest, we used SpliceAI to ascribe defective splice predictions on a dataset of 5579 biallelic STGD1 probands. We selected those variants with predicted delta scores for acceptor/donor gain > 0.20, and no previous reports on their effect on splicing. Fifteen ABCA4 variants were selected, 4 of which were predicted to create a new splice acceptor site and 11 to create a new splice donor site. In addition, three variants of interest with delta scores < 0.20 were included. The variants were introduced in wild-type midigenes that contained 4-12 kb of ABCA4 genomic sequence, which were subsequently expressed in HEK293T cells. By using RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing, we identified splice aberrations for 16 of 18 analyzed variants. SpliceAI correctly predicted the outcomes for 15 out of 18 variants, illustrating its reliability in predicting the impact of coding ABCA4 variants on splicing. Our findings highlight a causal role for coding ABCA4 variants in splicing aberrations, improving the severity assessment of missense and synonymous ABCA4 variants, and guiding to new treatment strategies for STGD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melita Kaltak
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
- R&D Department, ProQR Therapeutics, Leiden, 2333 CK, The Netherlands
| | - Zelia Corradi
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Rob W J Collin
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Jim Swildens
- R&D Department, ProQR Therapeutics, Leiden, 2333 CK, The Netherlands
| | - Frans P M Cremers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
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7
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Corradi Z, Khan M, Hitti-Malin R, Mishra K, Whelan L, Cornelis SS, Hoyng CB, Kämpjärvi K, Klaver CCW, Liskova P, Stöhr H, Weber BHF, Banfi S, Farrar GJ, Sharon D, Zernant J, Allikmets R, Dhaenens CM, Cremers FPM. Targeted sequencing and in vitro splice assays shed light on ABCA4-associated retinopathies missing heritability. HGG ADVANCES 2023; 4:100237. [PMID: 37705246 PMCID: PMC10534262 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2023.100237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The ABCA4 gene is the most frequently mutated Mendelian retinopathy-associated gene. Biallelic variants lead to a variety of phenotypes, however, for thousands of cases the underlying variants remain unknown. Here, we aim to shed further light on the missing heritability of ABCA4-associated retinopathy by analyzing a large cohort of macular dystrophy probands. A total of 858 probands were collected from 26 centers, of whom 722 carried no or one pathogenic ABCA4 variant, while 136 cases carried two ABCA4 alleles, one of which was a frequent mild variant, suggesting that deep-intronic variants (DIVs) or other cis-modifiers might have been missed. After single molecule molecular inversion probes (smMIPs)-based sequencing of the complete 128-kb ABCA4 locus, the effect of putative splice variants was assessed in vitro by midigene splice assays in HEK293T cells. The breakpoints of copy number variants (CNVs) were determined by junction PCR and Sanger sequencing. ABCA4 sequence analysis solved 207 of 520 (39.8%) naive or unsolved cases and 70 of 202 (34.7%) monoallelic cases, while additional causal variants were identified in 54 of 136 (39.7%) probands carrying two variants. Seven novel DIVs and six novel non-canonical splice site variants were detected in a total of 35 alleles and characterized, including the c.6283-321C>G variant leading to a complex splicing defect. Additionally, four novel CNVs were identified and characterized in five alleles. These results confirm that smMIPs-based sequencing of the complete ABCA4 gene provides a cost-effective method to genetically solve retinopathy cases and that several rare structural and splice altering defects remain undiscovered in Stargardt disease cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelia Corradi
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Mubeen Khan
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Rebekkah Hitti-Malin
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ketan Mishra
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Whelan
- The School of Genetics & Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stéphanie S Cornelis
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Carel B Hoyng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Molecular & Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Petra Liskova
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Heidi Stöhr
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard H F Weber
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Institute of Clinical Human Genetics, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sandro Banfi
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples and Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - G Jane Farrar
- The School of Genetics & Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dror Sharon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jana Zernant
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rando Allikmets
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Claire-Marie Dhaenens
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Frans P M Cremers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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8
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Kelley RA, Wu Z. Utilization of the retinal organoid model to evaluate the feasibility of genetic strategies to ameliorate retinal disease(s). Vision Res 2023; 210:108269. [PMID: 37295270 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2023.108269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organoid models have quickly become a popular research tool to evaluate novel therapeutics on 3-D recapitulated tissue. This has enabled researchers to use physiologically relevant human tissue in vitro to augment the standard use of immortalized cells and animal models. Organoids can also provide a model when an engineered animal cannot recreate a specific disease phenotype. In particular, the retinal research field has taken advantage of this burgeoning technology to provide insight into inherited retinal disease(s) mechanisms and therapeutic intervention to ameliorate their effects. In this review we will discuss the use of both wild-type and patient-specific retinal organoids to further gene therapy research that could potentially prevent retinal disease(s) progression. Furthermore, we will discuss the pitfalls of current retinal organoid technology and present potential solutions that could overcome these hurdles in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Kelley
- PTC Therapeutics, 100 Corporate Ct #2400, South Plainfield, NJ 07080, USA.
| | - Zhijian Wu
- PTC Therapeutics, 100 Corporate Ct #2400, South Plainfield, NJ 07080, USA
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9
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Parmann R, Tsang SH, Sparrow JR. Primary versus Secondary Elevations in Fundus Autofluorescence. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12327. [PMID: 37569703 PMCID: PMC10419315 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The method of quantitative fundus autofluorescence (qAF) can be used to assess the levels of bisretinoids in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells so as to aid the interpretation and management of a variety of retinal conditions. In this review, we focused on seven retinal diseases to highlight the possible pathways to increased fundus autofluorescence. ABCA4- and RDH12-associated diseases benefit from known mechanisms whereby gene malfunctioning leads to elevated bisretinoid levels in RPE cells. On the other hand, peripherin2/RDS-associated disease (PRPH2/RDS), retinitis pigmentosa (RP), central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR), and ceramide kinase like (CERKL)-associated retinal degeneration all express abnormally high fundus autofluorescence levels without a demonstrated pathophysiological pathway for bisretinoid elevation. We suggest that, while a known link from gene mutation to increased production of bisretinoids (as in ABCA4- and RDH12-associated diseases) causes primary elevation in fundus autofluorescence, a secondary autofluorescence elevation also exists, where an impairment and degeneration of photoreceptor cells by various causes leads to an increase in bisretinoid levels in RPE cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rait Parmann
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, 635 W. 165th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Stephen H. Tsang
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, 635 W. 165th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, 635 W. 165th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Janet R. Sparrow
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, 635 W. 165th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, 635 W. 165th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
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10
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Radzin S, Wiśniewska-Becker A, Markiewicz M, Bętkowski S, Furso J, Waresiak J, Grolik J, Sarna T, Pawlak AM. Structural Impact of Selected Retinoids on Model Photoreceptor Membranes. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:575. [PMID: 37367779 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13060575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Photoreceptor membranes have a unique lipid composition. They contain a high level of polyunsaturated fatty acids including the most unsaturated fatty acid in nature, docosahexaenoic acid (22:6), and are enriched in phosphatidylethanolamines. The phospholipid composition and cholesterol content of the subcellular components of photoreceptor outer segments enables to divide photoreceptor membranes into three types: plasma membranes, young disc membranes, and old disc membranes. A high degree of lipid unsaturation, extended exposure to intensive irradiation, and high respiratory demands make these membranes sensitive to oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Moreover, all-trans retinal (AtRAL), which is a photoreactive product of visual pigment bleaching, accumulates transiently inside these membranes, where its concentration may reach a phototoxic level. An elevated concentration of AtRAL leads to accelerated formation and accumulation of bisretinoid condensation products such as A2E or AtRAL dimers. However, a possible structural impact of these retinoids on the photoreceptor-membrane properties has not yet been studied. In this work we focused just on this aspect. The changes induced by retinoids, although noticeable, seem not to be significant enough to be physiologically relevant. This is, however, an positive conclusion because it can be assumed that accumulation of AtRAL in photoreceptor membranes will not affect the transduction of visual signals and will not disturb the interaction of proteins engaged in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Radzin
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Wiśniewska-Becker
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Michał Markiewicz
- Department of Computational Biophysics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Sebastian Bętkowski
- Department of Computational Biophysics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Justyna Furso
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Waresiak
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jarosław Grolik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Sarna
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna M Pawlak
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
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11
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Palczewska G, Wojtkowski M, Palczewski K. From mouse to human: Accessing the biochemistry of vision in vivo by two-photon excitation. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 93:101170. [PMID: 36787681 PMCID: PMC10463242 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
The eye is an ideal organ for imaging by a multi-photon excitation approach, because ocular tissues such as the sclera, cornea, lens and neurosensory retina, are highly transparent to infrared (IR) light. The interface between the retina and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is especially informative, because it reflects the health of the visual (retinoid) cycle and its changes in response to external stress, genetic manipulations, and drug treatments. Vitamin A-derived retinoids, like retinyl esters, are natural fluorophores that respond to multi-photon excitation with near IR light, bypassing the filter-like properties of the cornea, lens, and macular pigments. Also, during natural aging some retinoids form bisretinoids, like diretinoid-pyridiniumethanolamine (A2E), that are highly fluorescent. These bisretinoids appear to be elevated concurrently with aging. Vitamin A-derived retinoids and bisretinoidss are detected by two-photon ophthalmoscopy (2PO), using a new class of light sources with adjustable spatial, temporal, and spectral properties. Furthermore, the two-photon (2P) absorption of IR light by the visual pigments in rod and cone photoreceptors can initiate visual transduction by cis-trans isomerization of retinal, enabling parallel functional studies. Recently we overcame concerns about safety, data interpretation and complexity of the 2P-based instrumentation, the major roadblocks toward advancing this modality to the clinic. These imaging and retina-function assessment advancements have enabled us to conduct the first 2P studies with humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazyna Palczewska
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; International Center for Translational Eye Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Polgenix, Inc., Department of Medical Devices, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Physical Chemistry of Biological Systems, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Maciej Wojtkowski
- International Center for Translational Eye Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Physical Chemistry of Biological Systems, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Palczewski
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, And Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
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12
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Protein-Mediated Carotenoid Delivery Suppresses the Photoinducible Oxidation of Lipofuscin in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020413. [PMID: 36829973 PMCID: PMC9952040 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipofuscin of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells is a complex heterogeneous system of chromophores which accumulates as granules during the cell's lifespan. Lipofuscin serves as a source of various cytotoxic effects linked with oxidative stress. Several age-related eye diseases such as macular degeneration of the retina, as well as some severe inherited eye pathologies, are accompanied by a significant increase in lipofuscin granule concentration. The accumulation of carotenoids in the RPE could provide an effective antioxidant protection against lipofuscin cytotoxic manifestations. Given the highly lipophilic nature of carotenoids, their targeted delivery to the vulnerable tissues can potentially be assisted by special proteins. In this study, we demonstrate how protein-mediated delivery of zeaxanthin using water-soluble Bombyx mori carotenoid-binding protein (BmCBP-ZEA) suppresses the photoinducible oxidative stress in RPE cells caused by irradiation of lipofuscin with intense white light. We implemented fluorescence lifetime imaging of the RPE cell culture ARPE-19 fed with lipofuscin granules and then irradiated by white light with and without the addition of BmCBP-ZEA. We demonstrate that after irradiation the mean fluorescence lifetime of lipofuscin significantly increases, while the presence of BmCBP-ZEA at 200 nM concentration suppresses the increase in the average lifetime of lipofuscin fluorescence, indicating an approx. 35% inhibition of the oxidative stress. This phenomenon serves as indirect yet important evidence of the efficiency of the protein-mediated carotenoid delivery into pigment epithelium cells.
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13
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Xu M, Shen YM, Han XY, Liu C, Jiang Q, Cao X, Yan B. "One stone and two birds" strategy to treat neovascular age-related macular degeneration by a novel retinoid drug, EYE-101. Exp Eye Res 2023; 227:109385. [PMID: 36638858 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a typical pathological feature of neovascular age-related macular degeneration and has become a major cause of vision loss in the elderly. Current therapies require repeated intraocular injections of anti-VEGF drugs by inhibiting endothelial angiogenic effects, which is painful and may cause adverse effects on normal vascular and neuronal functions. Herein, we designed a novel retinoid drug, EYE-101, determined its therapeutic effects on CNV, and clarified the anti-angiogenic mechanism. The results show that administration of EYE-101 did not cause obvious cytotoxicity and ocular tissue toxicity at the concentrations less than 5 μM. Topical administration of EYE-101 could reduce choroidal sprouting, suppress laser-induced CNV formation, and decrease pericyte coverages on ocular vessels. Administration of EYE-101 also suppressed endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation and reduced pericyte proliferation, migration, recruitment towards endothelial cells. EYE-101 exerted its anti-angiogenic effects by targeting endothelial cells and pericytes via antagonizing Wnt/β-catenin signaling and PDGF signaling. Thus, EYE-101 administration may offer an"one stone and two birds" strategy for the prevention and treatment of ocular neovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Xu
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya-Ming Shen
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Han
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Jiang
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xin Cao
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Biao Yan
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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14
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Fundus Photography Methodologies to Assess RP Patients. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2560:81-90. [PMID: 36481885 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2651-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development of fundus photography and imaging has improved our ability to diagnose and monitor inherited retinal degenerations. Nowadays, color fundus photography has become a staple in evaluating patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Other important multimodal forms of fundus photography used today include red-free fundus photography, short-wavelength autofluorescence, and near-infrared autofluorescence. These photography methodologies provide valuable information on the natural history of disease progression, which in turn can lead to the identification of viable outcome measurements for current and future therapeutic trials. Further advances and developments in the field of fundus imaging will help in our understanding of RP and allied disorders.
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15
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Chromophore hydrolysis and release from photoactivated rhodopsin in native membranes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2213911119. [PMID: 36322748 PMCID: PMC9659404 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2213911119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
For sustained vision, photoactivated rhodopsin (Rho*) must undergo hydrolysis and release of all-trans-retinal, producing substrate for the visual cycle and apo-opsin available for regeneration with 11-cis-retinal. The kinetics of this hydrolysis has yet to be described for rhodopsin in its native membrane environment. We developed a method consisting of simultaneous denaturation and chromophore trapping by isopropanol/borohydride, followed by exhaustive protein digestion, complete extraction, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Using our method, we tracked Rho* hydrolysis, the subsequent formation of N-retinylidene-phosphatidylethanolamine (N-ret-PE) adducts with the released all-trans-retinal, and the reduction of all-trans-retinal to all-trans-retinol. We found that hydrolysis occurred faster in native membranes than in detergent micelles typically used to study membrane proteins. The activation energy of the hydrolysis in native membranes was determined to be 17.7 ± 2.4 kcal/mol. Our data support the interpretation that metarhodopsin II, the signaling state of rhodopsin, is the primary species undergoing hydrolysis and release of its all-trans-retinal. In the absence of NADPH, free all-trans-retinal reacts with phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), forming a substantial amount of N-ret-PE (∼40% of total all-trans-retinal at physiological pH), at a rate that is an order of magnitude faster than Rho* hydrolysis. However, N-ret-PE formation was highly attenuated by NADPH-dependent reduction of all-trans-retinal to all-trans-retinol. Neither N-ret-PE formation nor all-trans-retinal reduction affected the rate of hydrolysis of Rho*. Our study provides a comprehensive picture of the hydrolysis of Rho* and the release of all-trans-retinal and its reentry into the visual cycle, a process in which alteration can lead to severe retinopathies.
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16
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Hou W, Xu D, Wang L, Chen Y, Chen Z, Zhou C, Chen Y. Plastic structures for diverse substrates: A revisit of human
ABC
transporters. Proteins 2022; 90:1749-1765. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.26406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Tao Hou
- School of Life Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei People's Republic of China
| | - Da Xu
- School of Life Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Wang
- School of Life Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Life Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi‐Peng Chen
- School of Life Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei People's Republic of China
| | - Cong‐Zhao Zhou
- School of Life Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxing Chen
- School of Life Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei People's Republic of China
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17
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PARP-1 Is a Potential Marker of Retinal Photooxidation and a Key Signal Regulator in Retinal Light Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6881322. [PMID: 36124087 PMCID: PMC9482536 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6881322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Advancements in technology have resulted in increasing concerns over the safety of eye exposure to light illumination, since prolonged exposure to intensive visible light, especially to short-wavelength light in the visible spectrum, can cause photochemical damage to the retina through a photooxidation-triggered cascade reaction. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is the ribozyme responsible for repairing DNA damage. When damage to DNA occurs, including nicks and breaks, PARP-1 is rapidly activated, synthesizing a large amount of PAR and recruiting other nuclear factors to repair the damaged DNA. However, retinal photochemical damage may lead to the overactivation of PARP-1, triggering PARP-dependent cell death, including parthanatos, necroptosis, and autophagy. In this review, we retrieved targeted articles with the keywords such as “PARP-1,” “photoreceptor,” “retinal light damage,” and “photooxidation” from databases and summarized the molecular mechanisms involved in retinal photooxidation, PARP activation, and DNA repair to clarify the key regulatory role of PARP-1 in retinal light injury and to determine whether PARP-1 may be a potential marker in response to retinal photooxidation. The highly sensitive detection of PARP-1 activity may facilitate early evaluation of the effects of light on the retina, which will provide an evidentiary basis for the future assessment of the safety of light illumination from optoelectronic products and medical devices.
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18
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Feldman TB, Dontsov AE, Yakovleva MA, Ostrovsky MA. Photobiology of lipofuscin granules in the retinal pigment epithelium cells of the eye: norm, pathology, age. Biophys Rev 2022; 14:1051-1065. [PMID: 36124271 PMCID: PMC9481861 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-022-00989-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipofuscin granules (LGs) are accumulated in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. The progressive LG accumulation can somehow lead to pathology and accelerate the aging process. The review examines composition, spectral properties and photoactivity of LGs isolated from the human cadaver eyes. By use of atomic force microscopy and near-field microscopy, we have revealed the fluorescent heterogeneity of LGs. We have discovered the generation of reactive oxygen species by LGs, and found that LGs and melanolipofuscin granules are capable of photoinduced oxidation of lipids. It was shown that A2E, as the main fluorophore (bisretinoid) of LGs, is much less active as an oxidation photosensitizer than other fluorophores (bisretinoids) of LGs. Photooxidized products of bisretinoids pose a much greater danger to the cell than non-oxidized one. Our studies of the fluorescent properties of LGs and their fluorophores (bisretinoids) showed for the first time that their spectral characteristics change (shift to the short-wavelength region) in pathology and after exposure to ionizing radiation. By recording the fluorescence spectra and fluorescence decay kinetics of oxidized products of LG fluorophores, it is possible to improve the methods of early diagnosis of degenerative diseases. Lipofuscin ("aging pigment") is not an inert "slag". The photoactivity of LGs can pose a significant danger to the RPE cells. Fluorescence characteristics of LGs are a tool to detect early stages of degeneration in the retina and RPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. B. Feldman
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A. E. Dontsov
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - M. A. Yakovleva
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - M. A. Ostrovsky
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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19
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Daich Varela M, Michaelides M. RDH12 retinopathy: clinical features, biology, genetics and future directions. Ophthalmic Genet 2022; 43:1-6. [PMID: 35491887 PMCID: PMC10479312 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2022.2062392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Retinol dehydrogenase 12 (RDH12) is a small gene located on chromosome 14, encoding an enzyme capable of metabolizing retinoids. It is primarily located in photoreceptor inner segments and thereby is believed to have an important role in clearing excessive retinal and other toxic aldehydes produced by light exposure. Clinical features: RDH12-associated retinopathy has wide phenotypic variability; including early-onset severe retinal dystrophy/Leber Congenital Amaurosis (EOSRD/LCA; most frequent presentation), retinitis pigmentosa, cone-rod dystrophy, and macular dystrophy. It can be inherited in an autosomal recessive and dominant fashion. RDH12-EOSRD/LCA's key features are early visual impairment, petal-shaped, coloboma-like macular atrophy with variegated watercolour-like pattern, peripapillary sparing, and often dense bone spicule pigmentation. Future directions: There is currently no treatment available for RDH12-retinopathy. However, extensive preclinical investigations and an ongoing prospective natural history study are preparing the necessary foundation to design and establish forthcoming clinical trials. Herein, we will concisely review pathophysiology, molecular genetics, clinical features, and discuss therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malena Daich Varela
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
| | - Michel Michaelides
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
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20
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Bindewald-Wittich A, Holz FG, Ach T, Fiorentzis M, Bechrakis NE, Willerding GD. Fundus Autofluorescence Imaging in Patients with Choroidal Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071809. [PMID: 35406581 PMCID: PMC8997882 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The ocular fundus contains molecules that emit fluorescence when excited with light of an appropriate wavelength. Fundus autofluorescence imaging is based on the in vivo detection of intrinsic fluorescence and results in topographic autofluorescence mapping of the ocular fundus. In contrast to fluorescence angiography, where the fluorescing agents need to be administered intravenously, autofluorescence imaging is a non-invasive technique. Even though choroidal melanomas do not contain significant autofluorescent molecules themselves, they may lead to secondary alterations in neighbouring tissues with an impact on the autofluorescence signal recording. Fundus autofluorescence imaging in the context of choroidal melanoma is helpful for differential diagnosis and for monitoring variations over time in affected patients before and after treatment. Abstract Choroidal melanocytic lesions require reliable and precise clinical examination and diagnosis to differentiate benign choroidal nevi from choroidal melanoma, as the latter may become life-threatening through metastatic disease. To come to an accurate diagnosis, as well as for monitoring, and to assess the efficacy of therapy, various imaging modalities may be used, one of which is non-invasive fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging using novel high-resolution digital imaging technology. FAF imaging is based on the visualization of intrinsic fluorophores in the ocular fundus. Lipofuscin and melanolipofuscin within the postmitotic retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells represent the major fluorophores that contribute to the FAF signal. In addition, the presence or loss of absorbing molecular constituents may have an impact on the FAF signal. A choroidal melanoma can cause secondary retinal and RPE alterations that affect the FAF signal (e.g., occurrence of orange pigment). Therefore, FAF imaging supports multimodal imaging and gives additional information over and above conventional imaging modalities regarding retinal metabolism and RPE health status. This article summarises the features of FAF imaging and the role of FAF imaging in the context of choroidal melanoma, both before and following therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almut Bindewald-Wittich
- Augenkompetenz Zentren Heidenheim, 89518 Heidenheim, Germany
- Augenkompetenz Zentren Bopfingen, 73441 Bopfingen, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (F.G.H.); (T.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Frank G. Holz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (F.G.H.); (T.A.)
| | - Thomas Ach
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (F.G.H.); (T.A.)
| | - Miltiadis Fiorentzis
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (M.F.); (N.E.B.)
| | - Nikolaos E. Bechrakis
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (M.F.); (N.E.B.)
| | - Gregor D. Willerding
- Department of Ophthalmology, DRK Kliniken Berlin Westend, 14050 Berlin, Germany;
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21
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Piotter E, McClements ME, MacLaren RE. The Scope of Pathogenic ABCA4 Mutations Targetable by CRISPR DNA Base Editing Systems-A Systematic Review. Front Genet 2022; 12:814131. [PMID: 35154257 PMCID: PMC8830518 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.814131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Stargardt macular dystrophy (STGD1) is the most common form of inherited childhood blindness worldwide and for which no current treatments exist. It is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in ABCA4. To date, a variety of gene supplementation approaches have been tested to create a therapy, with some reaching clinical trials. New technologies, such as CRISPR-Cas based editing systems, provide an exciting frontier for addressing genetic disease by allowing targeted DNA or RNA base editing of pathogenic mutations. ABCA4 has ∼1,200 known pathogenic mutations, of which ∼63% are transition mutations amenable to this editing technology. In this report, we screened the known "pathogenic" and "likely pathogenic" mutations in ABCA4 from available data in gnomAD, Leiden Open Variation Database (LOVD), and ClinVar for potential PAM sites of relevant base editors, including Streptococcus pyogenes Cas (SpCas), Staphylococcus aureus Cas (SaCas), and the KKH variant of SaCas (Sa-KKH). Overall, of the mutations screened, 53% (ClinVar), 71% (LOVD), and 71% (gnomAD), were editable, pathogenic transition mutations, of which 35-47% had "ideal" PAM sites. Of these mutations, 16-20% occur within a range of multiple PAM sites, enabling a variety of editing strategies. Further, in relevant patient data looking at three cohorts from Germany, Denmark, and China, we find that 44-76% of patients, depending on the presence of complex alleles, have at least one transition mutation with a nearby SaCas, SpCas, or Sa-KKH PAM site, which would allow for potential DNA base editing as a treatment strategy. Given the complexity of the genetic landscape of Stargardt, these findings provide a clearer understanding of the potential for DNA base editing approaches to be applied as ABCA4 gene therapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Piotter
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle E. McClements
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Robert E. MacLaren
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
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22
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Sajovic J, Meglič A, Glavač D, Markelj Š, Hawlina M, Fakin A. The Role of Vitamin A in Retinal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1014. [PMID: 35162940 PMCID: PMC8835581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A is an essential fat-soluble vitamin that occurs in various chemical forms. It is essential for several physiological processes. Either hyper- or hypovitaminosis can be harmful. One of the most important vitamin A functions is its involvement in visual phototransduction, where it serves as the crucial part of photopigment, the first molecule in the process of transforming photons of light into electrical signals. In this process, large quantities of vitamin A in the form of 11-cis-retinal are being isomerized to all-trans-retinal and then quickly recycled back to 11-cis-retinal. Complex machinery of transporters and enzymes is involved in this process (i.e., the visual cycle). Any fault in the machinery may not only reduce the efficiency of visual detection but also cause the accumulation of toxic chemicals in the retina. This review provides a comprehensive overview of diseases that are directly or indirectly connected with vitamin A pathways in the retina. It includes the pathophysiological background and clinical presentation of each disease and summarizes the already existing therapeutic and prospective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Sajovic
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Grablovičeva 46, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Meglič
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Grablovičeva 46, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damjan Glavač
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Špela Markelj
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Grablovičeva 46, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Hawlina
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Grablovičeva 46, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Fakin
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Grablovičeva 46, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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23
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Yakovleva MA, Feldman TB, Lyakhova KN, Utina DM, Kolesnikova IA, Vinogradova YV, Molokanov AG, Ostrovsky MA. Ionized Radiation-Mediated Retinoid Oxidation in the Retina and Retinal Pigment Epithelium of the Murine Eye. Radiat Res 2021; 197:270-279. [PMID: 34879150 DOI: 10.1667/rade-21-00069.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effects of proton and gamma-ray ionizing radiation on the mouse eye. The aim of this work was to analyze radiation-mediated retinoid oxidation in the retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The findings from this analysis can be used to develop a noninvasive method for rapid assessment of the effects of ionizing radiation. Comparative fluorescence and chromatographic analyses of retinoids before and after irradiations were performed. The fluorescent properties of chloroform extracts from irradiated mouse retina and RPE exhibited an increase in fluorescence intensity in the short-wave region of the spectrum (λ < 550 nm). This change is due to increased retinal and RPE retinoid oxidation and degradation products after radiation exposure. Comparative analyses of radiation effects demonstrated that the effect of proton exposure on the retina and RPE was higher than that of gamma-ray exposure. The present study revealed a new approach to assessing the level of radiation exposure in ocular tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Yakovleva
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana B Feldman
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Molecular Physiology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kristina N Lyakhova
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
| | - Dina M Utina
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
| | - Inna A Kolesnikova
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
| | - Yuliya V Vinogradova
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
| | - Alexander G Molokanov
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Ostrovsky
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Molecular Physiology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
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24
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Kim HJ, Montenegro D, Zhao J, Sparrow JR. Bisretinoids of the Retina: Photo-Oxidation, Iron-Catalyzed Oxidation, and Disease Consequences. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091382. [PMID: 34573014 PMCID: PMC8467448 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The retina and, in particular, retinal pigment epithelial cells are unusual for being encumbered by exposure to visible light, while being oxygen-rich, and also amassing photoreactive molecules. These fluorophores (bisretinoids) are generated as a byproduct of the activity of vitamin A aldehyde-the chromophore necessary for vision. Bisretinoids form in photoreceptor cells due to random reactions of two molecules of vitamin A aldehyde with phosphatidylethanolamine; bisretinoids are subsequently transferred to retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, where they accumulate in the lysosomal compartment with age. Bisretinoids can generate reactive oxygen species by both energy and electron transfer, and they become photo-oxidized and photolyzed in the process. While these fluorescent molecules are accrued by RPE cells of all healthy eyes, they are also implicated in retinal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Medical Center, 635 W., 165th Str., New York, NY 10032, USA; (H.J.K.); (D.M.); (J.Z.)
| | - Diego Montenegro
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Medical Center, 635 W., 165th Str., New York, NY 10032, USA; (H.J.K.); (D.M.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Medical Center, 635 W., 165th Str., New York, NY 10032, USA; (H.J.K.); (D.M.); (J.Z.)
| | - Janet R. Sparrow
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Medical Center, 635 W., 165th Str., New York, NY 10032, USA; (H.J.K.); (D.M.); (J.Z.)
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, 635 W., 165th Str., New York, NY 10032, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-212-305-9944
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25
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Piotter E, McClements ME, MacLaren RE. Therapy Approaches for Stargardt Disease. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1179. [PMID: 34439845 PMCID: PMC8393614 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being the most prevalent cause of inherited blindness in children, Stargardt disease is yet to achieve the same clinical trial success as has been achieved for other inherited retinal diseases. With an early age of onset and continual progression of disease over the life course of an individual, Stargardt disease appears to lend itself to therapeutic intervention. However, the aetiology provides issues not encountered with the likes of choroideremia and X-linked retinitis pigmentosa and this has led to a spectrum of treatment strategies that approach the problem from different aspects. These include therapeutics ranging from small molecules and anti-sense oligonucleotides to viral gene supplementation and cell replacement. The advancing development of CRISPR-based molecular tools is also likely to contribute to future therapies by way of genome editing. In this we review, we consider the most recent pre-clinical and clinical trial data relating to the different strategies being applied to the problem of generating a treatment for the large cohort of Stargardt disease patients worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Piotter
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (E.P.); (M.E.M.)
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Michelle E McClements
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (E.P.); (M.E.M.)
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Robert E MacLaren
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (E.P.); (M.E.M.)
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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26
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Structural basis of substrate recognition and translocation by human ABCA4. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3853. [PMID: 34158497 PMCID: PMC8219669 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) subfamily A (ABCA) transporters mediate the transport of various lipid compounds across the membrane. Mutations in human ABCA transporters have been described to cause severe hereditary disorders associated with impaired lipid transport. However, little is known about the mechanistic details of substrate recognition and translocation by ABCA transporters. Here, we present three cryo-EM structures of human ABCA4, a retina-specific ABCA transporter, in distinct functional states at resolutions of 3.3–3.4 Å. In the nucleotide-free state, the two transmembrane domains (TMDs) exhibit a lateral-opening conformation, allowing the lateral entry of substrate from the lipid bilayer. The N-retinylidene-phosphatidylethanolamine (NRPE), the physiological lipid substrate of ABCA4, is sandwiched between the two TMDs in the luminal leaflet and is further stabilized by an extended loop from extracellular domain 1. In the ATP-bound state, the two TMDs display a closed conformation, which precludes the substrate binding. Our study provides a molecular basis to understand the mechanism of ABCA4-mediated NRPE recognition and translocation, and suggests a common ‘lateral access and extrusion’ mechanism for ABCA-mediated lipid transport. Here, cryo-EM structures of human retinal ABCA4 transporter, either in apo state, in complex with ATP or with the physiological lipid substrate N-retinylidene-phosphatidylethanolamine (NRPE), reveal lateral opening, substrate recognition and suggest ‘lateral access and extrusion’ mechanism for ABCA-mediated lipid transport.
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27
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Fernandez-Gonzalez P, Mas-Sanchez A, Garriga P. Polyphenols and Visual Health: Potential Effects on Degenerative Retinal Diseases. Molecules 2021; 26:3407. [PMID: 34199888 PMCID: PMC8200069 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary polyphenols are a group of natural compounds that have been proposed to have beneficial effects on human health. They were first known for their antioxidant properties, but several studies over the years have shown that these compounds can exert protective effects against chronic diseases. Nonetheless, the mechanisms underlying these potential benefits are still uncertain and contradictory effects have been reported. In this review, we analyze the potential effects of polyphenol compounds on some visual diseases, with a special focus on retinal degenerative diseases. Current effective therapies for the treatment of such retinal diseases are lacking and new strategies need to be developed. For this reason, there is currently a renewed interest in finding novel ligands (or known ligands with previously unexpected features) that could bind to retinal photoreceptors and modulate their molecular properties. Some polyphenols, especially flavonoids (e.g., quercetin and tannic acid), could attenuate light-induced receptor damage and promote visual health benefits. Recent evidence suggests that certain flavonoids could help stabilize the correctly folded conformation of the visual photoreceptor protein rhodopsin and offset the deleterious effect of retinitis pigmentosa mutations. In this regard, certain polyphenols, like the flavonoids mentioned before, have been shown to improve the stability, expression, regeneration and folding of rhodopsin mutants in experimental in vitro studies. Moreover, these compounds appear to improve the integration of the receptor into the cell membrane while acting against oxidative stress at the same time. We anticipate that polyphenol compounds can be used to target visual photoreceptor proteins, such as rhodopsin, in a way that has only been recently proposed and that these can be used in novel approaches for the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases like retinitis pigmentosa; however, studies in this field are limited and further research is needed in order to properly characterize the effects of these compounds on retinal degenerative diseases through the proposed mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pere Garriga
- Grup de Biotecnologia Molecular i Industrial, Centre de Biotecnologia Molecular, Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Edifici Gaia, 08222 Terrassa, Spain; (P.F.-G.); (A.M.-S.)
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28
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Meleppat RK, Ronning KE, Karlen SJ, Kothandath KK, Burns ME, Pugh EN, Zawadzki RJ. In Situ Morphologic and Spectral Characterization of Retinal Pigment Epithelium Organelles in Mice Using Multicolor Confocal Fluorescence Imaging. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:1. [PMID: 33137194 PMCID: PMC7645167 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.13.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the major organelles of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in wild-type (WT, control) mice and their changes in pigmented Abca4 knockout (Abca4−/−) mice with in situ morphologic, spatial, and spectral characterization of live ex vivo flat-mounted RPE using multicolor confocal fluorescence microscopy (MCFM). Methods In situ imaging of RPE flat-mounts of agouti Abca4−/− (129S4), agouti WT (129S1/SvlmJ) controls, and B6 albino mice (C57BL/6J-Tyrc-Brd) was performed with a Nikon A1 confocal microscope. High-resolution confocal image z-stacks of the RPE cell mosaic were acquired with four different excitation wavelengths (405 nm, 488 nm, 561 nm, and 640 nm). The autofluorescence images of RPE, including voxel-by-voxel emission spectra, were acquired and processed with Nikon NIS-AR Elements software. Results The 3-dimensional multicolor confocal images provided a detailed visualization of the RPE cell mosaic, including its melanosomes and lipofuscin granules, and their varying characteristics in the different mice strains. The autofluorescence spectra, spatial distribution, and morphologic features of melanosomes and lipofuscin granules were measured. Increased numbers of lipofuscin and reduced numbers of melanosomes were observed in the RPE of Abca4−/− mice relative to controls. Conclusions A detailed assessment of the RPE autofluorescent granules and their changes ex vivo was possible with MCFM. For all excitation wavelengths, autofluorescence from the RPE cells was predominantly contributed by lipofuscin granules, while melanosomes were found to be essentially nonfluorescent. The red shift of the emission peak confirmed the presence of multiple chromophores within lipofuscin granules. The elevated autofluorescence levels in Abca4−/− mice correlated well with the increased number of lipofuscin granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratheesh K Meleppat
- UC Davis Eyepod Imaging Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Kaitryn E Ronning
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Sarah J Karlen
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Karuna K Kothandath
- UC Davis Eyepod Imaging Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Marie E Burns
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States.,Center for Neuroscience, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States.,Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Edward N Pugh
- UC Davis Eyepod Imaging Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States.,Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Robert J Zawadzki
- UC Davis Eyepod Imaging Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
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29
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Tomkiewicz TZ, Suárez-Herrera N, Cremers FPM, Collin RWJ, Garanto A. Antisense Oligonucleotide-Based Rescue of Aberrant Splicing Defects Caused by 15 Pathogenic Variants in ABCA4. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094621. [PMID: 33924840 PMCID: PMC8124656 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of novel intronic variants in the ABCA4 locus has contributed significantly to solving the missing heritability in Stargardt disease (STGD1). The increasing number of variants affecting pre-mRNA splicing makes ABCA4 a suitable candidate for antisense oligonucleotide (AON)-based splicing modulation therapies. In this study, AON-based splicing modulation was assessed for 15 recently described intronic variants (three near-exon and 12 deep-intronic variants). In total, 26 AONs were designed and tested in vitro using a midigene-based splice system. Overall, partial or complete splicing correction was observed for two variants causing exon elongation and all variants causing pseudoexon inclusion. Together, our results confirm the high potential of AONs for the development of future RNA therapies to correct splicing defects causing STGD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Z. Tomkiewicz
- Department of Human Genetics and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (T.Z.T.); (N.S.-H.); (F.P.M.C.); (R.W.J.C.)
| | - Nuria Suárez-Herrera
- Department of Human Genetics and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (T.Z.T.); (N.S.-H.); (F.P.M.C.); (R.W.J.C.)
| | - Frans P. M. Cremers
- Department of Human Genetics and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (T.Z.T.); (N.S.-H.); (F.P.M.C.); (R.W.J.C.)
| | - Rob W. J. Collin
- Department of Human Genetics and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (T.Z.T.); (N.S.-H.); (F.P.M.C.); (R.W.J.C.)
| | - Alejandro Garanto
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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30
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Abstract
To describe fundus autofluorescence (FAF) patterns in premature infants and to determine whether FAF increases gradually with increasing post-gestational age. This was a cross-sectional, observational and descriptive case series. FAF images were obtained from patients screened for Retinopathy of Prematurity. The presence of the following hypo-autofluorescence areas/structures was graded and ranked: macular pigment (foveal centre), optic nerve head, peripapillary vessels/vascular arcade (PP/VA), and equatorial vessels (EqV). Ranks were attributed to the number of structures visualized from the posterior pole towards the periphery. The rank of FAF could then be analysed by Spearman’s correlation against age. Additionally, patients were divided by age into group 1 (< 40 weeks of corrected gestational age (WCGA)) and group 2 (> 40 WCGA). Differences between groups were tested with the Mann–Whitney U test. Thirteen patients were analysed. The mean WCGA at examination was 47.85 weeks. Spearman’s correlation showed a strong positive correlation (r = 0.714) (P = 0.006) of FAF and WCGA. The Mann–Whitney U test revealed that the PP/VA and EqV were significantly more visible at > 40 WCGA than at < 40 WCGA (8.0 [P = 0.016] and 7.5 [P = 0.03], respectively). Patterns of FAF are described for the first time in premature infants. FAF increases gradually with age and centrifugally from the posterior pole towards the equator in premature infants.
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31
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Yu G, Gao SQ, Dong Z, Sheng L, Sun D, Zhang N, Zhang J, Margeivicus S, Fu P, Golczak M, Maeda A, Palczewski K, Lu ZR. Peptide Derivatives of Retinylamine Prevent Retinal Degeneration with Minimal Side Effects on Vision in Mice. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:572-583. [PMID: 33677964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Safe and effective molecular therapeutics for prophylactic treatment of retinal degenerative diseases are greatly needed. Disruptions in the clearance of all-trans-retinal (atRAL) by the visual (retinoid) cycle of the retina can lead to the accumulation of atRAL and its condensation products known to initiate progressive retinal dystrophy. Retinylamine (Ret-NH2) and its analogues are known to be effective in lowering the concentration of atRAL within the eye and thus preventing retinal degeneration in mouse models of human retinopathies. Here, we chemically modified Ret-NH2 with amino acids and peptides to improve the stability and ocular bioavailability of the resulting derivatives and to minimize their side effects. Fourteen Ret-NH2 derivatives were synthesized and tested in vitro and in vivo. These derivatives exhibited structure-dependent therapeutic efficacy in preventing light-induced retinal degeneration in Abca4-/-Rdh8-/- double-knockout mice, with the compounds containing glycine and/or L-valine generally exhibiting greater protective effects than Ret-NH2 or other tested amino acid derivatives of Ret-NH2. Ret-NH2-L-valylglycine amide (RVG) exhibited good stability in storage; and effective uptake and prolonged retention in mouse eyes. RVG readily formed a Schiff base with atRAL and did not inhibit RPE65 enzymatic activity. Administered by oral gavage, this retinoid also provided effective protection against light-induced retinal degeneration in Abca4-/-Rdh8-/- mice. Notably, the treatment with RVG had minimal effects on the regeneration of 11-cis-retinal and recovery of retinal function. RVG holds promise as a lead therapy for effective and safe treatment of human retinal degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanping Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Song-Qi Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Zhiqian Dong
- Center for Translation Vision Research, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Departments of Ophthalmology, Physiology & Biophysics, and Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Li Sheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Da Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Jianye Zhang
- Center for Translation Vision Research, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Departments of Ophthalmology, Physiology & Biophysics, and Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Seunghee Margeivicus
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Pingfu Fu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Marcin Golczak
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Akiko Maeda
- Center for Translation Vision Research, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Departments of Ophthalmology, Physiology & Biophysics, and Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Krzysztof Palczewski
- Center for Translation Vision Research, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Departments of Ophthalmology, Physiology & Biophysics, and Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Zheng-Rong Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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Soga H, Asaoka R, Kadonosono K, Maruyama-Inoue M, Igarashi N, Kitano M, Kitamoto K, Azuma K, Obata R, Inoue T. Association of Near-Infrared and Short-Wavelength Autofluorescence With the Retinal Sensitivity in Eyes With Resolved Central Serous Chorioretinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:36. [PMID: 33764400 PMCID: PMC7995351 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.3.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare the results of near-infrared autofluorescence (NIRAF) and short-wavelength autofluorescence (SWAF) imaging of eyes with resolved central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) and to assess the retinal sensitivity (RS) in areas with abnormal autofluorescence (AF) using white-on-white (WW) and blue-on-yellow (BY) perimetries. Methods We examined 20 consecutive eyes with resolved CSC. We calculated the areas of abnormal AF detected by SWAF and NIRAF imaging as SWAF_area and NIRAF_area, respectively, and the number of measurement points within and outside abnormal SWAF and NIRAF regions were counted. The results of WW and BY perimetries were superimposed on the AF images, and the mean overall RS within and outside abnormal SWAF and NIRAF regions were calculated using both WW and BY perimetries (W-RSin_SWAF, W-RSout_SWAF, W-RSin_NIRAF, W-RSout_NIRAF, B-RSin_SWAF, B-RSout_SWAF, B-RSin_NIRAF, and B-RSout_NIRAF, respectively). Results The mean age of the participants was 54.1 years. The SWAF_area was significantly smaller than the NIRAF_area (P < 0.0001, Wilcoxon signed rank test). A χ2 test suggested a significant relationship between the number of measurement points within/outside abnormal SWAF and NIRAF regions (P < 0.0001). In the results of measurement by WW perimetry, there was a significant difference between W-RSin_NIRAF and W-RSout_NIRAF (P < 0.0001), but not between W-RSin_SWAF and W-RSout_SWAF (P = 0.060, Wilcoxon rank sum test). In contrast, on BY perimetry, there were significant differences between both B-RSin_SWAF and B-RSout_SWAF and between B-RSin_NIRAF and B-RSout_NIRAF (P < 0.0001). Conclusions NIRAF was useful for predicting impaired RS in eyes with resolved CSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotsugu Soga
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Asaoka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan.,Seirei Christopher University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Kadonosono
- Department of Ophthalmology and Micro-Technology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Minami-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Maiko Maruyama-Inoue
- Department of Ophthalmology and Micro-Technology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Minami-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nozomi Igarashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marie Kitano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohdai Kitamoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Azuma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Obata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Inoue
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology and Micro-Technology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Minami-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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Kim HJ, Sparrow JR. Bisretinoid phospholipid and vitamin A aldehyde: shining a light. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100042. [PMID: 32371567 PMCID: PMC7933493 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.tr120000742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A aldehyde covalently bound to opsin protein is embedded in a phospholipid-rich membrane that supports photon absorption and phototransduction in photoreceptor cell outer segments. Following absorption of a photon, the 11-cis-retinal chromophore of visual pigment in photoreceptor cells isomerizes to all-trans-retinal. To maintain photosensitivity 11-cis-retinal must be replaced. At the same time, however, all-trans-retinal has to be handled so as to prevent nonspecific aldehyde activity. Some molecules of retinaldehyde upon release from opsin are efficiently reduced to retinol. Other molecules are released into the lipid phase of the disc membrane where they form a conjugate [N-retinylidene-PE (NRPE)] through a Schiff base linkage with PE. The reversible formation of NRPE serves as a transient sink for retinaldehyde that is intended to return retinaldehyde to the visual cycle. However, if instead of hydrolyzing to PE and retinaldehyde, NRPE reacts with a second molecule of retinaldehyde, a synthetic pathway is initiated that leads to the formation of multiple species of unwanted bisretinoid fluorophores. We report on recently identified members of the bisretinoid family, some of which differ with respect to the acyl chains associated with the glycerol backbone. We discuss processing of the lipid moieties of these fluorophores in lysosomes of retinal pigment epithelial cells, their fluorescence characters, and new findings related to light- and iron-associated oxidation of bisretinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Janet R Sparrow
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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Pugazhendhi A, Hubbell M, Jairam P, Ambati B. Neovascular Macular Degeneration: A Review of Etiology, Risk Factors, and Recent Advances in Research and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1170. [PMID: 33504013 PMCID: PMC7866170 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (exudative or wet AMD) is a prevalent, progressive retinal degenerative macular disease that is characterized by neovascularization of the choroid, mainly affecting the elderly population causing gradual vision impairment. Risk factors such as age, race, genetics, iris color, smoking, drinking, BMI, and diet all play a part in nvAMD's progression, with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy being the mainstay of treatment. Current therapeutic advancements slow the progression of the disease but do not cure or reverse its course. Newer therapies such as gene therapies, Rho-kinase inhibitors, and levodopa offer potential new targets for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunbalaji Pugazhendhi
- Knights Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA; (A.P.); (M.H.)
| | - Margaret Hubbell
- Knights Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA; (A.P.); (M.H.)
| | - Pooja Jairam
- Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Balamurali Ambati
- Knights Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA; (A.P.); (M.H.)
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Bonilha VL, Bell BA, Hu J, Milliner C, Pauer GJ, Hagstrom SA, Radu RA, Hollyfield JG. Geographic Atrophy: Confocal Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy, Histology, and Inflammation in the Region of Expanding Lesions. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:15. [PMID: 32658960 PMCID: PMC7425718 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.8.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To describe the pathology of AMD in eyes with geographic atrophy (GA) using confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) blue light autofluorescence (BAF), and near-infrared (IR) AF and to correlate it with the histology and immunohistochemistry analysis at the margins of the GA lesion. Methods Enucleated, fixed eyes from seventeen donors with GA were imaged and analyzed by BAF-SLO, IRAF-SLO, and by fundus macroscopy (FM). Tissue from the margins of the GA lesions was cut and processed for resin embedding and histology or cryosectioning and fluorescence in the green and far-red channels, and immunohistochemistry to assess markers of inflammation. Isolated DNA from donors was genotyped for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously shown to be risk factors for the development and progression of AMD. Results Around the leading edge of the GA lesions we observed hypertrophic RPE cells with cytoplasm filled with granules fluorescent both in the far-red and green-red channels; abundant microglia and macrophage; deposition of complement factor H (CFH) in Bruch's membrane (BM) and increased membrane attack complex (MAC) on RPE cells. Conclusions Fluorescence imaging of cryosections of RPE cells around the leading edge of the GA lesions suggest that IRAF-SLO visualizes mostly melanin-related compounds. In addition, medium-size GA atrophy displayed the most significant changes in inflammation markers.
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Ortega JT, Parmar T, Golczak M, Jastrzebska B. Protective Effects of Flavonoids in Acute Models of Light-Induced Retinal Degeneration. Mol Pharmacol 2020; 99:60-77. [PMID: 33154094 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.120.000072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Degeneration of photoreceptors caused by excessive illumination, inherited mutations, or aging is the principal pathology of blinding diseases. Pharmacological compounds that stabilize the visual receptor rhodopsin and modulate the cellular pathways triggering death of photoreceptors could avert this pathology. Interestingly, flavonoids can modulate the cellular processes, such as oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and apoptosis, that are activated during retinal degeneration. As we found previously, flavonoids also bind directly to unliganded rod opsin, enhancing its folding, stability, and regeneration. In addition, flavonoids stimulate rhodopsin gene expression. Thus, we evaluated the effect of two main dietary flavonoids, quercetin and myricetin, in ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 4 -/- /retinol dehydrogenase 8 -/- and wild-type BALB/c mice susceptible to light-induced photoreceptor degeneration. Using in vivo imaging, such as optical coherence tomography, scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, and histologic assessment of retinal morphology, we found that treatment with these flavonoids prior to light insult remarkably protected retina from deterioration and preserved its function. Using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, we detected these flavonoids in the eye upon their intraperitoneal administration. The molecular events associated with the protective effect of quercetin and myricetin were related to the elevated expression of photoreceptor-specific proteins, rhodopsin and cone opsins, decreased expression of the specific inflammatory markers, and the shift of the equilibrium between cell death regulators BCL2-associated X protein (BAX) and B-cell lymphoma 2 toward an antiapoptotic profile. These results were confirmed in photoreceptor-derived 661W cells treated with either H2O2 or all-trans-retinal stressors implicated in the mechanism of retinal degeneration. Altogether, flavonoids could have significant prophylactic value for retinal degenerative diseases. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Flavonoids commonly present in food exhibit advantageous effects in blinding diseases. They bind to and stabilize unliganded rod opsin, which in excess accelerates degenerative processes in the retina. Additionally, flavonoids enhance the expression of the visual receptors, rod and cone opsins; inhibit the inflammatory reactions; and induce the expression of antiapoptotic markers in the retina, preventing the degeneration in vivo. Thus, flavonoids could have a prophylactic value for retinal degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T Ortega
- Department of Pharmacology, Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Tanu Parmar
- Department of Pharmacology, Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Marcin Golczak
- Department of Pharmacology, Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Beata Jastrzebska
- Department of Pharmacology, Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Bonilha VL, Bell BA, DeBenedictis MJ, Hagstrom SA, Fishman GA, Hollyfield JG. Cellular Changes in Retinas From Patients With BEST1 Mutations. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:573330. [PMID: 33154968 PMCID: PMC7591587 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.573330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Best disease (BD), also known as vitelliform macular dystrophy, is an inherited disease of the central retina caused by more than 300 pathogenic variants in the BEST1 gene. The phenotype of BD is variable, and there are just a few reports on the histopathology of eyes from donors with BD. Here, we describe the histopathological comparison of donor’s eyes from two patients with BD. Eyes obtained from 85-year-old (donor 1) and 65-year-old (donor 2) donors were fixed within 25 h postmortem. Perifoveal and peripheral retinal regions were processed for histology and immunocytochemistry using retinal-specific and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-specific antibodies. Three age-matched normal eyes were used as controls. DNA was obtained from donor blood samples. Sequence analysis of the entire BEST1 coding region was performed and identified a c.886A > C (p.Asn296His) variant in donor 1 and a c.602T > C (p.Ile201Thr) variant in donor 2; both mutations were heterozygous. Fundus examination showed that donor 1 displayed a macular lesion with considerable scarring while donor 2 displayed close to normal macular morphology. Our studies of histology and molecular pathology in the perifovea and periphery of these two BD donor eyes revealed panretinal abnormalities in both photoreceptors and RPE cellular levels in the periphery; donor 1 also displayed macular lesion. Our findings confirm the phenotypic variability of BD associated with BEST1 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera L Bonilha
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Brent A Bell
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Meghan J DeBenedictis
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Stephanie A Hagstrom
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Gerald A Fishman
- Pangere Center at The Chicago Lighthouse for People Who Are Blind or Visually Impaired, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Joe G Hollyfield
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Cheng X, He D, Liao C, Lin S, Tang L, Wang YL, Hu J, Li W, Liu Z, Wu Y, Liao Y. IL-1/IL-1R signaling induced by all-trans-retinal contributes to complement alternative pathway activation in retinal pigment epithelium. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:3660-3674. [PMID: 33034385 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms of complement activation in Stargardt disease type 1 (STGD1) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are not fully understood. Overaccumulation of all-trans-retinal (atRAL) has been proposed as the pathogenic factor in both diseases. By incubating retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells with atRAL, we showed that C5b-9 membrane attack complexes (MACs) were generated mainly through complement alternative pathway. An increase in complement factor B (CFB) expression as well as downregulation of complement regulatory proteins CD46, CD55, CD59, and CFH were observed in RPE cells after atRAL treatment. Furthermore, interleukin-1β production was provoked in both atRAL-treated RPE cells and microglia/macrophages. Coincubation of RPE cells with interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL1Ra) and atRAL ameliorated complement activation and downregulated CFB expression by attenuating both p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways. Our findings demonstrate that atRAL induces an autocrine/paracrine IL-1/IL-1R signaling to promote complement alternative pathway activation in RPE cells and provide a novel perspective on the pathomechanism of macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxuan Cheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Xiamen University Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Xiamen, China
| | - Danxue He
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Xiamen University Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Xiamen, China
| | - Chunyan Liao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Xiamen University Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Xiamen, China
| | - Sijie Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Xiamen University Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Xiamen, China
| | - Liying Tang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Xiamen University Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuan-Liang Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Section of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jiaoyue Hu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Xiamen University Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Xiamen, China
| | - Wei Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Xiamen University Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Xiamen, China
| | - Zuguo Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Xiamen University Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Xiamen, China
| | - Yalin Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Xiamen University Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Xiamen, China
| | - Yi Liao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Xiamen University Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Xiamen, China
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Wu J, Gao ZY, Cui DM, Li HH, Zeng JW. All-trans retinoic acid increases ARPE-19 cell apoptosis via activation of reactive oxygen species and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways. Int J Ophthalmol 2020; 13:1345-1350. [PMID: 32953569 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2020.09.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the apoptosis of ARPE-19 cells after the treatment with different doses of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). METHODS ARPE-19 cells were used in the in-vitro experiment. Flow cytometry assay was employed to evaluate the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis. The effects of ATRA (concentrations from 2.5 to 20 µmol/L) on the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) markers in vitro were evaluated by Western blot and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assays. The contribution of ROS and ERS-induced apoptosis in vitro was determined by using N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and Salubrinal, an antagonist of NAC and ERS, respectively. RESULTS Flow cytometry showed that ATRA significantly increased ARPE-19 cell apoptosis and ROS levels in each group (F=86.39, P<0.001; F=116.839, P<0.001). Western blot and qRT-PCR revealed that levels of CHOP and BIP were elevated in a concentration-dependent pattern after the cells were incubated with ATRA (2.5-20 µmol/L). The upregulation of VEGF-A and CHOP induced by ATRA could be inhibited by NAC (antioxidant) and Salubrinal (ERS inhibitor) in vitro. CONCLUSION ATRA induces the apoptosis of ARPE-19 cells via activated ROS and ERS signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhen-Ya Gao
- Xuchang University, School of Medicine, Xuchang 461000, Henan Province, China
| | - Dong-Mei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hong-Hui Li
- Chengdu Aier Eye Hospital, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jun-Wen Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
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Abstract
High-resolution imaging techniques capable of detecting identifiable endogenous fluorophores in the eye along with genetic testing will dramatically improve diagnostic capabilities in the ophthalmology clinic and accelerate the development of new treatments for blinding diseases. Two-photon excitation (TPE)-based imaging overcomes the filtering of ultraviolet light by the lens of the human eye and thus can be utilized to discover defects in vitamin A metabolism during the regeneration of the visual pigments required for the detection of light. Combining TPE with fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) and spectral analyses offers the potential of detecting diseases of the retina at earlier stages before irreversible structural damage has occurred. The main barriers to realizing the benefits of TPE for imaging the human retina arise from concerns about the high light exposure typically needed for informative TPE imaging and the requirement to correlate the ensuing data with different states of health and disease. To overcome these hurdles, we improved TPE efficiency by controlling temporal properties of the excitation light and employed phasor analyses to FLIM and spectral data in mouse models of retinal diseases. Modeling of retinal photodamage revealed that plasma-mediated effects do not play a role and that melanin-related thermal effects are mitigated by reducing pulse repetition frequency. By using noninvasive TPE imaging we identified molecular components of individual granules in the retinal pigment epithelium and present their analytical characteristics.
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Jauregui R, Cho A, Lee W, Zernant J, Allikmets R, Sparrow JR, Tsang SH. Progressive Choriocapillaris Impairment in ABCA4 Maculopathy Is Secondary to Retinal Pigment Epithelium Atrophy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:13. [PMID: 32298433 PMCID: PMC7401499 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.4.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To analyze the progression of choriocapillaris (CC) impairment in recessive Stargardt disease (STGD) and compare it to the progression of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) atrophy. Methods Fifty-five patients with a clinical diagnosis of STGD and genetic confirmation of pathogenic biallelic variants in ABCA4 were imaged with short-wavelength fundus autofluorescence (SW-AF) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) at a single clinic visit, whereas a subset of 12 patients were imaged with the same modalities at two different clinic visits. Results We observed three stages of CC impairment: an area of bright yet intact macular CC (11 patients), regions of vascular rarefaction and incomplete CC atrophy within an area of bright CC (10 patients), and areas of extensive CC atrophy (26 patients). These changes correlated to the degree of RPE atrophy observed in SW-AF imaging. Furthermore, 8 patients presented with early changes on SW-AF, but healthy CC. Quantitative analyses of the atrophic changes revealed that the area of RPE atrophy is larger (9.6 ± 1.7 mm2 vs. 6.9 ± 1.3 mm2, P < 0.001) and that it progresses at a faster rate (1.1 ± 0.1 mm2/year vs. 0.8 ± 0.2 mm2/year, P = 0.004) than the corresponding area of CC atrophy. Conclusions CC impairment is progressive and OCTA imaging can be used to demonstrate the stages, which culminate in extensive CC atrophy. Furthermore, CC impairment is secondary to RPE atrophy in STGD. We further advocate the use of SW-AF and OCTA imaging in monitoring the progression of STGD.
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Yakovleva MA, Radchenko AS, Kostyukov AA, Arbukhanova PM, Borzenok SA, Kuzmin VA, Feldman TB, Ostrovsky MA. Reconstruction of the Fluorescence Spectra of Bisretinoids and the Products of Their Photooxidation and Photodegradation from the Retinal Pigment Epithelium of the Human Eye. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s199079312003029x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Taveau N, Cubizolle A, Guillou L, Pinquier N, Moine E, Cia D, Kalatzis V, Vercauteren J, Durand T, Crauste C, Brabet P. Preclinical pharmacology of a lipophenol in a mouse model of light-induced retinopathy. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1090-1101. [PMID: 32641711 PMCID: PMC8080701 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0460-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental light has deleterious effects on the outer retina in human retinopathies, such as ABCA4-related Stargardt’s disease and dry age-related macular degeneration. These effects involve carbonyl and oxidative stress, which contribute to retinal cell death and vision loss. Here, we used an albino Abca4−/− mouse model, the outer retina of which shows susceptibility to acute photodamage, to test the protective efficacy of a new polyunsaturated fatty acid lipophenol derivative. Anatomical and functional analyses demonstrated that a single intravenous injection of isopropyl-phloroglucinol-DHA, termed IP-DHA, dose-dependently decreased light-induced photoreceptor degeneration and preserved visual sensitivity. This protective effect persisted for 3 months. IP-DHA did not affect the kinetics of the visual cycle in vivo or the activity of the RPE65 isomerase in vitro. Moreover, IP-DHA administered by oral gavage showed significant protection of photoreceptors against acute light damage. In conclusion, short-term tests in Abca4-deficient mice, following single-dose administration and light exposure, identify IP-DHA as a therapeutic agent for the prevention of retinal degeneration. Treating retinal damage in both aging and young patients might now be easier, thanks to treatment with a lipophenol, an omega-3 fatty acid linked to an antioxidant. The retina is the part of the eye that senses light, aided by light-sensitive pigments. However, these light-sensitive pigments can be converted by light to toxic byproducts, and in some individuals, these toxic byproducts can accumulate, damaging the retina and leading to vision loss. Philippe Brabet at the Montpellier Institute of Neuroscience in France and co-workers found that lipophenol treatment protected retinal cells from damage in a mouse model of retinal disease, and that a single dose has been effective in preserving vision. These results may help in finding new treatments for retinal diseases such as Stargardt disease and age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Taveau
- Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, INSERM U1051, F-34091, Montpellier, France.,Université de Montpellier, F-34091, Montpellier, France
| | - Aurélie Cubizolle
- Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, INSERM U1051, F-34091, Montpellier, France.,Université de Montpellier, F-34091, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Guillou
- Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, INSERM U1051, F-34091, Montpellier, France.,Université de Montpellier, F-34091, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Pinquier
- Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, INSERM U1051, F-34091, Montpellier, France
| | - Espérance Moine
- Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 - Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - David Cia
- Laboratoire de Biophysique Neurosensorielle, UMR INSERM 1107, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Vasiliki Kalatzis
- Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, INSERM U1051, F-34091, Montpellier, France.,Université de Montpellier, F-34091, Montpellier, France
| | - Joseph Vercauteren
- Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 - Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 - Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Céline Crauste
- Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 - Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Brabet
- Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, INSERM U1051, F-34091, Montpellier, France. .,Université de Montpellier, F-34091, Montpellier, France.
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Yakovleva MA, Radchenko AS, Feldman TB, Kostyukov AA, Arbukhanova PM, Borzenok SA, Kuzmin VA, Ostrovsky MA. Fluorescence characteristics of lipofuscin fluorophores from human retinal pigment epithelium. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:920-930. [PMID: 32441276 DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00406h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Lipofuscin granules accumulate in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) with age, especially in patients with visual diseases, including progressive age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Bisretinoids and their photooxidation and photodegradation products are major sources of lipofuscin granule fluorescence. The present study focused on examining the fluorescence decay characteristics of bisretinoid photooxidation and photodegradation products to evaluate the connection between fluorescence lifetime and spectral characteristics of target fluorophore groups. The primary objective of the study was to apply experimental spectral analysis results of lipofuscin granule fluorescence properties to interpretation of fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy data. Fluorescence analysis of the lipofuscin granule fluorophores in RPE collected from cadaver eyes was performed. The fluorescence lifetimes were measured by picosecond-resolved time correlated single photon counting technique. A global analytical method was applied to analyze data sets. The photooxidation and photodegradation products of bisretinoids exhibited a longer fluorescence lifetime (average value approximately 6 ns) and a shorter wavelength maximum (530-580 nm). Further, these products significantly contributed (more than 30%), to total fluorescence compared to the other fluorophores in lipofuscin granules. Thus, the contribution of oxidized lipofuscin bisretinoids to autofluorescence decay kinetics is an important characteristic for fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy data analysis. The higher average fluorescence lifetime in AMD eyes was likely due to the higher abundance of oxidized bisretinoids compared with non-oxidized bisretinoids. Because higher level of oxidized bisretinoids is indicative of pathological processes in the retina and RPE, the present findings have the potential to improve fluorescence lifetime imaging approaches for early diagnosis of degenerative processes in the retina and RPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Yakovleva
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin st. 4, 119334, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra Sh Radchenko
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin st. 4, 119334, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana B Feldman
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin st. 4, 119334, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Molecular Physiology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A Kostyukov
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin st. 4, 119334, Moscow, Russia
| | - Patimat M Arbukhanova
- Sv. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Complex, Beskudnikovsky bld. 59a, 127486, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey A Borzenok
- Sv. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Complex, Beskudnikovsky bld. 59a, 127486, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Kuzmin
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin st. 4, 119334, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Ostrovsky
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin st. 4, 119334, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Molecular Physiology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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45
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Kalamkarov GR, Shevchenko TF, Aboltin PV, Konstantinova TS, Levin PP. Study of Phototoxic Properties of Retinal and Its Derivatives in a Photoreceptor Cell by the Method of Pulsed Photolysis. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793120030185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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46
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Sinha T, Naash MI, Al-Ubaidi MR. The Symbiotic Relationship between the Neural Retina and Retinal Pigment Epithelium Is Supported by Utilizing Differential Metabolic Pathways. iScience 2020; 23:101004. [PMID: 32252018 PMCID: PMC7132098 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) maintain a symbiotic metabolic relationship, disruption of which leads to debilitating vision loss. The current study was undertaken to identify the differences in the steady-state metabolite levels and the pathways functioning between bona fide neural retina and RPE. Global metabolomics and cluster analyses identified 650 metabolites differentially modulated between the murine neural retina and RPE. Of these, 387 and 163 were higher in the RPE and the neural retina, respectively. Further analysis coupled with transcript and protein level investigations revealed that under normal physiological conditions, the RPE utilizes the pentose phosphate (>3-fold in RPE), serine (>10-fold in RPE), and sphingomyelin biosynthesis (>5-fold in RPE) pathways. Conversely, the neural retina relied mostly on glycolysis. These results show how the RPE and the neural retina have acquired an efficient, complementary and metabolically diverse symbiotic niche to support each other's distinct functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirthankar Sinha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Muna I Naash
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
| | - Muayyad R Al-Ubaidi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
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Yakovleva MA, Lyakhova KN, Utina DM, Vinogradova UV, Kolesnikova IA, Feldman TB, Ostrovsky MA. Changes in the Composition and Fluorescent Properties of Bisretinoids in the Retina and the Retinal Pigment Epithelium of the Mouse Eye under Exposure to Ionizing Radiation. BIOL BULL+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359019120094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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48
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Cubizolle A, Cia D, Moine E, Jacquemot N, Guillou L, Rosell M, Angebault-Prouteau C, Lenaers G, Meunier I, Vercauteren J, Durand T, Crauste C, Brabet P. Isopropyl-phloroglucinol-DHA protects outer retinal cells against lethal dose of all-trans-retinal. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:5057-5069. [PMID: 32212312 PMCID: PMC7205824 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
All‐trans‐retinal (atRAL) is a highly reactive carbonyl specie, known for its reactivity on cellular phosphatidylethanolamine in photoreceptor. It is generated by photoisomerization of 11‐cis‐retinal chromophore linked to opsin by the Schiff's base reaction. In ABCA4‐associated autosomal recessive Stargardt macular dystrophy, atRAL results in carbonyl and oxidative stress, which leads to bisretinoid A2E, accumulation in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). This A2E‐accumulation presents as lipofuscin fluorescent pigment, and its photooxidation causes subsequent damage. Here we describe protection against a lethal dose of atRAL in both photoreceptors and RPE in primary cultures by a lipidic polyphenol derivative, an isopropyl‐phloroglucinol linked to DHA, referred to as IP‐DHA. Next, we addressed the cellular and molecular defence mechanisms in commonly used human ARPE‐19 cells. We determined that both polyunsaturated fatty acid and isopropyl substituents bond to phloroglucinol are essential to confer the highest protection. IP‐DHA responds rapidly against the toxicity of atRAL and its protective effect persists. This healthy effect of IP‐DHA applies to the mitochondrial respiration. IP‐DHA also rescues RPE cells subjected to the toxic effects of A2E after blue light exposure. Together, our findings suggest that the beneficial role of IP‐DHA in retinal cells involves both anti‐carbonyl and anti‐oxidative capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Cubizolle
- INSERM U1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - David Cia
- UMR INSERM 1107, Laboratoire de Biophysique Neurosensorielle, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Espérance Moine
- UMR5247-CNRS-UM ENSCM Faculté de Pharmacie, Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Montpellier, France
| | - Nathalie Jacquemot
- UMR INSERM 1107, Laboratoire de Biophysique Neurosensorielle, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurent Guillou
- INSERM U1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Mélissa Rosell
- UMR5247-CNRS-UM ENSCM Faculté de Pharmacie, Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Angebault-Prouteau
- Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM U1046, UMR CNRS 9214, CHRU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Guy Lenaers
- INSERM U1083, CNRS UMR 6015, MitoVasc-MitoLab, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Isabelle Meunier
- INSERM U1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,National Reference Centre for Inherited Sensory Disorders, CHU, Montpellier, France
| | - Joseph Vercauteren
- UMR5247-CNRS-UM ENSCM Faculté de Pharmacie, Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- UMR5247-CNRS-UM ENSCM Faculté de Pharmacie, Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Montpellier, France
| | - Céline Crauste
- UMR5247-CNRS-UM ENSCM Faculté de Pharmacie, Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Brabet
- INSERM U1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Sinha T, Ikelle L, Naash MI, Al-Ubaidi MR. The Intersection of Serine Metabolism and Cellular Dysfunction in Retinal Degeneration. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030674. [PMID: 32164325 PMCID: PMC7140600 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past, the importance of serine to pathologic or physiologic anomalies was inadequately addressed. Omics research has significantly advanced in the last two decades, and metabolomic data of various tissues has finally brought serine metabolism to the forefront of metabolic research, primarily for its varied role throughout the central nervous system. The retina is one of the most complex neuronal tissues with a multitude of functions. Although recent studies have highlighted the importance of free serine and its derivatives to retinal homeostasis, currently few reviews exist that comprehensively analyze the topic. Here, we address this gap by emphasizing how and why the de novo production and demand for serine is exceptionally elevated in the retina. Many basic physiological functions of the retina require serine. Serine-derived sphingolipids and phosphatidylserine for phagocytosis by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and neuronal crosstalk of the inner retina via D-serine require proper serine metabolism. Moreover, serine is involved in sphingolipid–ceramide balance for both the outer retina and the RPE and the reductive currency generation for the RPE via serine biosynthesis. Finally and perhaps the most vital part of serine metabolism is free radical scavenging in the entire retina via serine-derived scavengers like glycine and GSH. It is hard to imagine that a single tissue could have such a broad and extensive dependency on serine homeostasis. Any dysregulation in serine mechanisms can result in a wide spectrum of retinopathies. Therefore, most critically, this review provides a strong argument for the exploration of serine-based clinical interventions for retinal pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Muna I. Naash
- Correspondence: (M.I.N.); (M.R.A.-U.); Tel.: +1-713-743-1651 (M.I.N.); Fax: +1-713-743-0226 (M.I.N.)
| | - Muayyad R. Al-Ubaidi
- Correspondence: (M.I.N.); (M.R.A.-U.); Tel.: +1-713-743-1651 (M.I.N.); Fax: +1-713-743-0226 (M.I.N.)
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50
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Disease asymmetry and hyperautofluorescent ring shape in retinitis pigmentosa patients. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3364. [PMID: 32098976 PMCID: PMC7042348 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60137-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is described as a bilateral disease with inter-eye symmetry that presents on short-wavelength fundus autofluorescence (SW-AF) imaging with hyperautofluorescent (hyperAF) rings with an ellipsoid shape and regular borders. Nevertheless, both asymmetry and irregular ring morphologies are also observed. In this retrospective study of 168 RP patients, we characterize the degree of inter-eye asymmetry and frequency of irregular hyperAF ring morphologies according to mode of inheritance and disease-causing gene by using SW-AF imaging and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) scans. We observed that from 336 eyes, 290 (86%) presented with regular hyperAF rings and 46 (14%) presented with irregular shapes. From the 168 patients, 23 (14%) presented with asymmetric disease, with 16 (70%) of these patients also presenting with irregular ring shapes. Patients with autosomal dominant RP (adRP) had the highest proportion of irregular ring shapes (21%) and disease asymmetry (23%) in comparison to other modes of inheritance. Furthermore, both RP1 and RHO-adRP had the highest proportions of both disease asymmetry and irregular ring morphology. Our results suggest that in patients presenting with either irregular ring shapes or asymmetric disease, emphasis should be placed in targeted gene sequencing of genes known to cause adRP, such as RHO and RP1.
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