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Karuntu JS, Nguyen XTA, Talib M, van Schooneveld MJ, Wijnholds J, van Genderen MM, Schalij-Delfos NE, Klaver CCW, Meester-Smoor MA, van den Born LI, Hoyng CB, Thiadens AAHJ, Bergen AA, van Nispen RMA, Boon CJF. Quality of life in patients with CRB1-associated retinal dystrophies: A longitudinal study. Acta Ophthalmol 2024; 102:469-477. [PMID: 37749859 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the longitudinal vision-related quality of life among patients with CRB1-associated inherited retinal dystrophies. METHODS In this longitudinal questionnaire study, the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (39 items, NEI VFQ-39) was applied at baseline, two-year follow-up, and 4-year follow-up in patients with pathogenic CRB1 variants. [Correction added on 20 November 2023, after first online publication: The preceding sentence has been updated in this version.] Classical test theory was performed to obtain subdomain scores and in particular 'near activities' and 'total composite' scores. The Rasch analysis based on previous calibrations of the NEI VFQ-25 was applied to create visual functioning and socio-emotional subscales. RESULTS In total, 22 patients with a CRB1-associated retinal dystrophy were included, […] with a median age of 25.0 years (interquartile range: 13-31 years) at baseline and mean follow-up of 4.0 ± 0.3 years. [Correction added on 20 November 2023, after first online publication: The preceding sentence has been updated in this version.] A significant decline at 4 years was observed for 'near activities' (51.0 ± 23.8 vs 35.4 ± 14.7, p = 0.004) and 'total composite' (63.0 ± 13.1 vs 52.0 ± 12.1, p = 0.001) subdomain scores. For the Rasch-scaled scores, the 'visual functioning' scale significantly decreased after 2 years (-0.89 logits; p = 0.012), but not at 4-year follow-up (+0.01 logits; p = 0.975). [Correction added on 20 November 2023, after first online publication: In the preceding sentence, "…after 4 years…" has been corrected to "…after 2 years…" in this version.] The 'socio-emotional' scale also showed a significant decline after 2 years (-0.78 logits, p = 0.033) and 4 years (-0.83 logits, p = 0.021). CONCLUSION In the absence of an intervention, a decline in vision-related quality of life is present in patients with pathogenic CRB1 variants at 4-year follow-up. Patient-reported outcome measures should be included in future clinical trials, as they can be a potential indicator of disease progression and treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Karuntu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Xuan-Thanh-An Nguyen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mays Talib
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mary J van Schooneveld
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Wijnholds
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN-KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria M van Genderen
- Bartiméus, Diagnostic Centre for complex visual disorders, Zeist, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute for Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Carel B Hoyng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Arthur A Bergen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruth M A van Nispen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Camiel J F Boon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Ravenstijn M, Jansen RC, du Bois G, Yzer S, Klaver CCW. Empowering patients with high myopia: The significance of education. Acta Ophthalmol 2024; 102:357-363. [PMID: 37899508 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the status of patient education among highly myopic individuals focusing on the presence, sources, content, timing of the education and impact on patients. METHODS Self-reported data were collected through an online 13-item questionnaire consisting of open and multiple-choice questions. The questionnaire was sent to 250 highly myopic members of a patient organization in the Netherlands, of whom 128 (51%) responded. RESULTS At least one acute event had occurred in 66% (84/128) of participants at the time of the questionnaire. Among all participants, 25% (32/128) had not received patient education regarding alarm symptoms for any of these events. Among those who had been informed, the ophthalmologist was the most frequent (57%, 73/128) source of information. Participants who visited the ophthalmologist annually were more frequently informed than participants without annual visits (53%, 26/49 versus 26%, 9/35, p = 0.002). Those not informed were more likely to have a more than 3 days patient delay (92%, 12/13). Doctors delay was also present; 26% (22/84) of the participants with alarm symptoms had to wait 2 or more days before the first appointment. Long-term consequences of myopia had been discussed with 102 participants (80%, 102/128), again with the ophthalmologist as the most frequent source (59%, 76/128). PERSPECTIVES Many myopic individuals have not been educated about their increased risk of acute events, which can result in patient delay and serious consequences with respect to visual prognosis. These findings underscore the critical importance of integrating patient education across the entire ophthalmic care chain for myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ravenstijn
- Rotterdam Ophthalmic Institute, Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R C Jansen
- Oogvereniging, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Groningen Bioinformatics Centre, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - G du Bois
- Oogvereniging, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S Yzer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - C C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Hitti-Malin RJ, Panneman DM, Corradi Z, Boonen EGM, Astuti G, Dhaenens CM, Stöhr H, Weber BHF, Sharon D, Banin E, Karali M, Banfi S, Ben-Yosef T, Glavač D, Farrar GJ, Ayuso C, Liskova P, Dudakova L, Vajter M, Ołdak M, Szaflik JP, Matynia A, Gorin MB, Kämpjärvi K, Bauwens M, De Baere E, Hoyng CB, Li CHZ, Klaver CCW, Inglehearn CF, Fujinami K, Rivolta C, Allikmets R, Zernant J, Lee W, Podhajcer OL, Fakin A, Sajovic J, AlTalbishi A, Valeina S, Taurina G, Vincent AL, Roberts L, Ramesar R, Sartor G, Luppi E, Downes SM, van den Born LI, McLaren TL, De Roach JN, Lamey TM, Thompson JA, Chen FK, Tracewska AM, Kamakari S, Sallum JMF, Bolz HJ, Kayserili H, Roosing S, Cremers FPM. Towards Uncovering the Role of Incomplete Penetrance in Maculopathies through Sequencing of 105 Disease-Associated Genes. Biomolecules 2024; 14:367. [PMID: 38540785 PMCID: PMC10967834 DOI: 10.3390/biom14030367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Inherited macular dystrophies (iMDs) are a group of genetic disorders, which affect the central region of the retina. To investigate the genetic basis of iMDs, we used single-molecule Molecular Inversion Probes to sequence 105 maculopathy-associated genes in 1352 patients diagnosed with iMDs. Within this cohort, 39.8% of patients were considered genetically explained by 460 different variants in 49 distinct genes of which 73 were novel variants, with some affecting splicing. The top five most frequent causative genes were ABCA4 (37.2%), PRPH2 (6.7%), CDHR1 (6.1%), PROM1 (4.3%) and RP1L1 (3.1%). Interestingly, variants with incomplete penetrance were revealed in almost one-third of patients considered solved (28.1%), and therefore, a proportion of patients may not be explained solely by the variants reported. This includes eight previously reported variants with incomplete penetrance in addition to CDHR1:c.783G>A and CNGB3:c.1208G>A. Notably, segregation analysis was not routinely performed for variant phasing-a limitation, which may also impact the overall diagnostic yield. The relatively high proportion of probands without any putative causal variant (60.2%) highlights the need to explore variants with incomplete penetrance, the potential modifiers of disease and the genetic overlap between iMDs and age-related macular degeneration. Our results provide valuable insights into the genetic landscape of iMDs and warrant future exploration to determine the involvement of other maculopathy genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekkah J. Hitti-Malin
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Daan M. Panneman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Zelia Corradi
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Erica G. M. Boonen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Galuh Astuti
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Claire-Marie Dhaenens
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Heidi Stöhr
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard H. F. Weber
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Human Genetics, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dror Sharon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Eyal Banin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Marianthi Karali
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Eye Clinic, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sandro Banfi
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Eye Clinic, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Tamar Ben-Yosef
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Damjan Glavač
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Center for Human Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - G. Jane Farrar
- The School of Genetics and Microbiology, The University of Dublin Trinity College, D02 VF25 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Carmen Ayuso
- Department of Genetics, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Petra Liskova
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lubica Dudakova
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Vajter
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Ołdak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek P. Szaflik
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Warsaw, SPKSO Ophthalmic University Hospital, 03-709 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Matynia
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, USA
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Ophthalmology, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | | | - Miriam Bauwens
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elfride De Baere
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Carel B. Hoyng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Catherina H. Z. Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline C. W. Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Chris F. Inglehearn
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St. James’s University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Kaoru Fujinami
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Carlo Rivolta
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rando Allikmets
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jana Zernant
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Winston Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Osvaldo L. Podhajcer
- Laboratorio de Terapia Molecular y Celular (Genocan), Fundación Instituto Leloir, CONICET, Buenos Aires 1405, Argentina
| | - Ana Fakin
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jana Sajovic
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alaa AlTalbishi
- St John of Jerusalem Eye Hospital Group, East Jerusalem 91198, Palestine
| | - Sandra Valeina
- Department of Ophthalmology, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
- Children’s Clinical University Hospital, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Gita Taurina
- Children’s Clinical University Hospital, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Andrea L. Vincent
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- Eye Department, Greenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Lisa Roberts
- University of Cape Town/MRC Precision and Genomic Medicine Research Unit, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Raj Ramesar
- University of Cape Town/MRC Precision and Genomic Medicine Research Unit, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Giovanna Sartor
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Luppi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Susan M. Downes
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | | | - Terri L. McLaren
- Australian Inherited Retinal Disease Registry and DNA Bank, Department of Medical Technology and Physics, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - John N. De Roach
- Australian Inherited Retinal Disease Registry and DNA Bank, Department of Medical Technology and Physics, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Tina M. Lamey
- Australian Inherited Retinal Disease Registry and DNA Bank, Department of Medical Technology and Physics, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jennifer A. Thompson
- Australian Inherited Retinal Disease Registry and DNA Bank, Department of Medical Technology and Physics, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Fred K. Chen
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | | | - Smaragda Kamakari
- Ophthalmic Genetics Unit, OMMA Ophthalmological Institute of Athens, 115 25 Athens, Greece
| | - Juliana Maria Ferraz Sallum
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil
- Instituto de Genética Ocular, São Paulo 04552-050, SP, Brazil
| | - Hanno J. Bolz
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Hülya Kayserili
- Department of Medical Genetics, Koc University School of Medicine (KUSOM), 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Susanne Roosing
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frans P. M. Cremers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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4
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Rooth V, van der Aa H, Wisse RPL, Maarsingh OR, Koopmanschap M, Keunen JEE, Vermeulen H, Klaver CCW, Janssen G, van Rens GHMB, van Nispen RMA. Health economic evaluation of a nurse-assisted online eye screening in home healthcare to reduce avoidable vision impairment (iScreen): study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial. Trials 2024; 25:102. [PMID: 38308377 PMCID: PMC10835833 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07882-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among older people undiagnosed and untreated vision impairment and blindness are common. The leading causes are uncorrected refractive errors and cataracts. Vision problems are associated with a lower quality of life, several health problems, and a higher chance of falling accidents and fractures. To eliminate avoidable vision impairment and blindness, targeted eye screening programs are recommended. Older patients, receiving home healthcare, have not yet been considered as a population at risk who could benefit from eye screening. METHODS A cluster-randomized controlled trial will be conducted to investigate the cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of online nurse-assisted eye screening in home healthcare, compared to care as usual, in reducing avoidable vision impairment. A healthcare and societal perspective will be used. The study will be performed in collaboration with several home healthcare organizations in the Netherlands. The online eye screening consists of near and distance visual acuity, followed by an Amsler grading test. Measurements in both groups will take place at baseline and after 6 and 12 months of follow-up. A total of 240 participants will be recruited. Older men and women (65 +), who receive home-based nursing and are cognitively able to participate, will be included. The primary outcome will be the change of two lines or more on the Colenbrander-1 M visual acuity chart between baseline and 12-month follow-up. DISCUSSION An eye screening for populations at risk contributes to the detection of undiagnosed and untreated vision impairment. This may reduce the health-related consequences of vision loss and the high economic burden associated with vision impairment. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06058637. Registered on 27 September 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Rooth
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Quality of Care, Aging and Later Life, Health Behaviors and Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Hilde van der Aa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Quality of Care, Aging and Later Life, Health Behaviors and Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert P L Wisse
- Department of Ophthalmology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Otto R Maarsingh
- Quality of Care, Aging and Later Life, Health Behaviors and Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- General Practice, Amsterdam Public Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Koopmanschap
- Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Health Technology Assessment (HTA), Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan E E Keunen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hester Vermeulen
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, IQ Healthcare, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Ger H M B van Rens
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Quality of Care, Aging and Later Life, Health Behaviors and Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruth M A van Nispen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Quality of Care, Aging and Later Life, Health Behaviors and Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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Vergroesen JE, Jarrar ZA, Weiss S, Frost F, Ansari AS, Nguyen P, Kraaij R, Medina-Gomez C, Völzke H, Tost F, Amin N, van Duijn CM, Klaver CCW, Jürgens C, Hammond CJ, Ramdas WD. Glaucoma Patients Have a Lower Abundance of Butyrate-Producing Taxa in the Gut. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:7. [PMID: 38315494 PMCID: PMC10851784 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.2.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Glaucoma is an eye disease that is the most common cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. It has been suggested that gut microbiota can produce reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory cytokines that may travel from the gastric mucosa to distal sites, for example, the optic nerve head or trabecular meshwork. There is evidence for a gut-eye axis, as microbial dysbiosis has been associated with retinal diseases. We investigated the microbial composition in patients with glaucoma and healthy controls. Moreover, we analyzed the association of the gut microbiome with intraocular pressure (IOP; risk factor of glaucoma) and vertical cup-to-disc ratio (VCDR; quantifying glaucoma severity). Methods The discovery analyses included participants of the Rotterdam Study and the Erasmus Glaucoma Cohort. A total of 225 patients with glaucoma and 1247 age- and sex-matched participants without glaucoma were included in our analyses. Stool samples were used to generate 16S rRNA gene profiles. We assessed associations with 233 genera and species. We used data from the TwinsUK and the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) to replicate our findings. Results Several butyrate-producing taxa (e.g. Butyrivibrio, Caproiciproducens, Clostridium sensu stricto 1, Coprococcus 1, Ruminococcaceae UCG 007, and Shuttleworthia) were less abundant in people with glaucoma compared to healthy controls. The same taxa were also associated with lower IOP and smaller VCDR. The replication analyses confirmed the findings from the discovery analyses. Conclusions Large human studies exploring the link between the gut microbiome and glaucoma are lacking. Our results suggest that microbial dysbiosis plays a role in the pathophysiology of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle E. Vergroesen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zakariya A. Jarrar
- Department of Ophthalmology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Twins Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Weiss
- Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Fabian Frost
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Abdus S. Ansari
- Department of Ophthalmology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Twins Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Picard Nguyen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Kraaij
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Frank Tost
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cornelia M. van Duijn
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline C. W. Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Clemens Jürgens
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Chris J. Hammond
- Department of Ophthalmology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Twins Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wishal D. Ramdas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Sbornova I, van der Sande E, Milosavljevic S, Amurrio E, Burbano SD, Das PK, Do HH, Fisher JL, Kargbo P, Patel J, Porcher L, De Zeeuw CI, Meester-Smoor MA, Winkelman BHJ, Klaver CCW, Pocivavsek A, Kelly MP. The Sleep Quality- and Myopia-Linked PDE11A-Y727C Variant Impacts Neural Physiology by Reducing Catalytic Activity and Altering Subcellular Compartmentalization of the Enzyme. Cells 2023; 12:2839. [PMID: 38132157 PMCID: PMC10742168 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, a Y727C variant in the dual-specific 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 11A (PDE11A-Y727C) was linked to increased sleep quality and reduced myopia risk in humans. Given the well-established role that the PDE11 substrates cAMP and cGMP play in eye physiology and sleep, we determined if (1) PDE11A protein is expressed in the retina or other eye segments in mice, (2) PDE11A-Y7272C affects catalytic activity and/or subcellular compartmentalization more so than the nearby suicide-associated PDE11A-M878V variant, and (3) Pde11a deletion alters eye growth or sleep quality in male and female mice. Western blots show distinct protein expression of PDE11A4, but not PDE11A1-3, in eyes of Pde11a WT, but not KO mice, that vary by eye segment and age. In HT22 and COS-1 cells, PDE11A4-Y727C reduces PDE11A4 catalytic activity far more than PDE11A4-M878V, with both variants reducing PDE11A4-cAMP more so than PDE11A4-cGMP activity. Despite this, Pde11a deletion does not alter age-related changes in retinal or lens thickness or axial length, nor vitreous or anterior chamber depth. Further, Pde11a deletion only minimally changes refractive error and sleep quality. That said, both variants also dramatically alter the subcellular compartmentalization of human and mouse PDE11A4, an effect occurring independently of dephosphorylating PDE11A4-S117/S124 or phosphorylating PDE11A4-S162. Rather, re-compartmentalization of PDE11A4-Y727C is due to the loss of the tyrosine changing how PDE11A4 is packaged/repackaged via the trans-Golgi network. Therefore, the protective impact of the Y727C variant may reflect a gain-of-function (e.g., PDE11A4 displacing another PDE) that warrants further investigation in the context of reversing/preventing sleep disturbances or myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Sbornova
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA (P.K.D.); (J.P.)
| | - Emilie van der Sande
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 40, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 40, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Royal Dutch Academy of Art & Science (KNAW), Meibergdreef 47, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Snezana Milosavljevic
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Garners Ferry Rd., Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Elvis Amurrio
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA (P.K.D.); (J.P.)
| | - Steven D. Burbano
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA (P.K.D.); (J.P.)
| | - Prosun K. Das
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA (P.K.D.); (J.P.)
| | - Helen H. Do
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA (P.K.D.); (J.P.)
| | - Janet L. Fisher
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Garners Ferry Rd., Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Porschderek Kargbo
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA (P.K.D.); (J.P.)
| | - Janvi Patel
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA (P.K.D.); (J.P.)
| | - Latarsha Porcher
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA (P.K.D.); (J.P.)
| | - Chris I. De Zeeuw
- The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Royal Dutch Academy of Art & Science (KNAW), Meibergdreef 47, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 40, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Magda A. Meester-Smoor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 40, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 40, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Beerend H. J. Winkelman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 40, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 40, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Royal Dutch Academy of Art & Science (KNAW), Meibergdreef 47, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 40, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline C. W. Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 40, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 40, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Mittlere Strasse 91, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ana Pocivavsek
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Garners Ferry Rd., Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Michy P. Kelly
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA (P.K.D.); (J.P.)
- Center for Research on Aging, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Vergroesen JE, Thee EF, de Crom TOE, Kiefte-de Jong JC, Meester-Smoor MA, Voortman T, Klaver CCW, Ramdas WD. The inflammatory potential of diet is associated with the risk of age-related eye diseases. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:2404-2413. [PMID: 37865012 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of cataract, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and possibly open-angle glaucoma (OAG). We assessed whether the inflammatory potential of diet (quantified using the dietary inflammatory index; DII) affects the incidence of these common blinding age-related eye diseases. Serum inflammation markers were investigated as possible mediators. METHODS Participants aged >45 years were selected from the prospective, population-based Rotterdam Study. From 1991 onwards, every 4-5 years, participants underwent extensive eye examinations. At baseline, blood samples and dietary data (using food frequency questionnaires) were collected. The DII was adapted based on the data available. Of the 7436 participants free of eye diseases at baseline, 4036 developed incident eye diseases during follow-up (cataract = 2895, early-intermediate AMD = 891, late AMD = 81, OAG = 169). RESULTS The adapted DII (aDII) ranged from -4.26 (i.e., anti-inflammatory) to 4.53 (i.e., pro-inflammatory). A higher aDII was significantly associated with increased inflammation. A higher neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was associated with an increased risk of cataract and AMD. Additionally, complement component 3c (C3c) and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) were associated with increased risks of cataract and late AMD, respectively. Every point increase in the aDII was associated with a 9% increased risk of cataract (Odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.09 [1.04-1.14]). The NLR and C3c partly mediated this association. We also identified associations of the aDII with risk of AMD (early-intermediate AMD, OR [95% CI]: 1.11 [1.03-1.19]; late AMD, OR [95% CI]: 1.24 [1.02-1.53]). The NLR partly mediated these associations. The aDII was not associated with OAG. CONCLUSIONS A pro-inflammatory diet was associated with increased risks of cataract and AMD. Particularly the NLR, a marker of subclinical inflammation, appears to be implicated. These findings are relevant for patients with AMD and substantiate the current recommendations to strive for a healthy lifestyle to prevent blindness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle E Vergroesen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Eric F Thee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands; EyeNED Reading Center, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Tosca O E de Crom
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Jessica C Kiefte-de Jong
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care/Health Campus The Hague, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Hague, The Netherlands.
| | - Magda A Meester-Smoor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Trudy Voortman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands; EyeNED Reading Center, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, University of Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Wishal D Ramdas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Kneepkens SCM, Marstal K, Polling JR, Jaddoe VWV, Vernooij MW, Poot DHJ, Klaver CCW, Tideman JWL. Eye Size and Shape in Relation to Refractive Error in Children: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:41. [PMID: 38153751 PMCID: PMC10756250 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.15.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the association between eye shape and volume measured with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and optical biometry and with spherical equivalent (SE) in children. Methods For this study, there were 3637 10-year-old children from a population-based birth-cohort study that underwent optical biometry (IOL-master 500) and T2-weighted MRI scanning (height, width, and volume). Cycloplegic refractive error was determined by automated refraction. The MRI images of the eyes were segmented using an automated algorithm combining atlas registration with voxel classification. Associations among optical biometry, anthropometry, MRI measurements, and RE were tested using Pearson correlation. Differences between refractive error groups were tested using ANOVA. Results The mean volume of the posterior segment was 6350 (±680) mm3. Myopic eyes (SE ≤ -0.5 diopters [D]) had 470 mm3 (P < 0.001) and 970 mm3 (P < 0.001) larger posterior segment volume than emmetropic and hyperopic eyes (SE ≥ +2.0D), respectively. The majority of eyes (77.1%) had an oblate shape, but 47.4% of myopic eyes had a prolate shape versus 3.9% of hyperopic eyes. The correlation between SE and MRI-derived posterior segment length (r -0.51, P < 0.001) was stronger than the correlation with height (r -0.30, P < 0.001) or width of the eye (r -0.10, P < 0.001). Conclusions In this study, eye shape at 10 years of age was predominantly oblate, even in eyes with myopia. Of all MRI measurements, posterior segment length was most prominently associated with SE. Whether eye shape predicts future myopia development or progression should be investigated in longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander C. M. Kneepkens
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kasper Marstal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Roelof Polling
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Orthoptics, School of Applied Science Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W. V. Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meike W. Vernooij
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk H. J. Poot
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline C. W. Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J. Willem L. Tideman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Ravenstijn M, Martinez Ciriano JP, de Graaf GW, Klaver CCW, Yzer S. Staphyloma-induced Serous Maculopathy: Natural Course and Treatment Effects. Ophthalmol Retina 2023:S2468-6530(23)00616-4. [PMID: 38000769 DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the natural course of staphyloma-induced serous maculopathy (SISM) and the effects of treatments. DESIGN Retrospective case series. PARTICIPANTS This retrospective analysis included 26 eyes of 20 patients with SISM and at least 12 months of follow-up. METHODS Medical records were reviewed for patient demographics, such as age, sex, spherical equivalent, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), type of staphyloma, and imaging characteristics. Spectralis OCT B-scans were evaluated for the presence and height of the serous retinal detachment (SRD) at each follow-up visit. An SRD episode was defined as a period with SRD in 1 patient. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Changes in SRD height and BCVA. RESULTS Twenty-six eyes of 20 patients (70% female) were included. The mean age was 54 ± 11 years, and the mean spherical equivalent was -4.8 ± 3.3 diopters at baseline. The staphyloma was located inferior in 12 eyes (46%), inferonasal in 7 eyes (27%), and nasal in 7 eyes (27%). The mean follow-up duration was 73 ± 34 months. During follow-up, the SRD height fluctuated in all eyes, with a mean change of 125 ± 56 μm. The SRD disappeared completely during follow-up in 13 eyes (50%) and then reappeared in 7 eyes (35%). Resolution occurred spontaneous in 8 eyes (31%). The median time of an SRD episode was 25 (interquartile range 14-57) months. Treatment was performed in 20 eyes (77%) and led to resolution of SRD in 3 of the 15 photodynamic therapy treatments (21%), 2 of 5 (40%) anti-VEGF series, and 2 of 4 eyes (50%) treated with topical prednisolone. Best-corrected visual acuity at the final visit (0.42 ± 0.25) was not significantly different from BCVA at baseline (0.34 ± 0.27 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution, P = 0.07), nor was BCVA change significantly different between treated eyes (n = 19) and nontreated eyes (n = 7, P = 0.3). CONCLUSION Serous retinal detachment in patients with SISM fluctuated over time and resolved without treatment in 31% of the eyes. Because treatment does not change the course of BCVA, a wait-and-see policy is advocated in these patients on the exclusion of treatable causes of SRD. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S) Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Ravenstijn
- Rotterdam Ophthalmic Institute, Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Gerard W de Graaf
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Suzanne Yzer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Clark R, Kneepkens SCM, Plotnikov D, Shah RL, Huang Y, Tideman JWL, Klaver CCW, Atan D, Williams C, Guggenheim JA. Time Spent Outdoors Partly Accounts for the Effect of Education on Myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:38. [PMID: 38010695 PMCID: PMC10683767 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.14.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate if education contributes to the risk of myopia because educational activities typically occur indoors or because of other factors, such as prolonged near viewing. Methods This was a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Participants were from the UK Biobank, Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, and Generation R. Genetic variants associated with years spent in education or time spent outdoors were used as instrumental variables. The main outcome measures were: (1) spherical equivalent refractive error attained by adulthood, and (2) risk of an early age-of-onset of spectacle wear (EAOSW), defined as an age-of-onset of 15 years or below. Results Time spent outdoors was found to have a small genetic component (heritability 9.8%) that tracked from childhood to adulthood. A polygenic score for time outdoors was associated with children's time outdoors; a polygenic score for years spent in education was inversely associated with children's time outdoors. Accounting for the relationship between time spent outdoors and myopia in a multivariable Mendelian randomization analysis reduced the size of the causal effect of more years in education on myopia to -0.17 diopters (D) per additional year of formal education (95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.32 to -0.01) compared with the estimate from a univariable Mendelian randomization analysis of -0.27 D per year (95% CI = -0.41 to -0.13). Comparable results were obtained for the outcome EAOSW. Conclusions Accounting for the effects of time outdoors reduced the estimated causal effect of education on myopia by 40%. These results suggest about half of the relationship between education and myopia may be mediated by children not being outdoors during schooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosie Clark
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sander C. M. Kneepkens
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Denis Plotnikov
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Rupal L. Shah
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Yu Huang
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - J. Willem L. Tideman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Martini Hospital, RM Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline C. W. Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Denize Atan
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS81NU, United Kingdom
| | - Cathy Williams
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS81NU, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy A. Guggenheim
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - for the UK Biobank Eye and Vision Consortium
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Martini Hospital, RM Groningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS81NU, United Kingdom
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS81NU, United Kingdom
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Ravenstijn M, Klaver CCW, Yzer S. Incidence and Risk Factors of Second Eye Involvement in Myopic Macular Neovascularization. Ophthalmol Retina 2023; 7:1010-1016. [PMID: 37429427 DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2023.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the cumulative incidence and risk factors of second eye involvement after diagnosis of myopic macular neovascularization (MNV) in the first eye. DESIGN Retrospective analysis of longitudinal data from a tertiary hospital in the Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS Patients with high myopia (spherical equivalent [SE] ≤ - 6 diopters [D]), of European ethnicity, who were diagnosed with active MNV lesion in 1 eye between 2005 and 2018. Fellow eyes were free of MNV or macular atrophy at baseline, and data were collected on the SE, axial length, and presence of diffuse or patchy chorioretinal atrophy and lacquer cracks. METHODS Incidence rate and 2-, 5-, and 10-year cumulative incidences were calculated; hazard ratios (HRs) of second eye involvement were analyzed for potential risk factors using Cox proportional hazard models. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES Incidence of second eye involvement after onset of myopic MNV in the first eye. RESULTS We included 88 patients over a period of 13 years with a mean age of 58 ± 15 years, mean axial length of 30 ± 1.7 mm and SE -14 ± 4 D at baseline. Twenty-four fellow eyes (27%) developed a myopic MNV during follow-up. This resulted in an incidence rate of 4.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.9-6.7) per 100 person-years and a cumulative incidence of 8%, 21%, and 38% at 2, 5, and 10 years, respectively. Mean time until MNV development in the fellow eye was 48 ± 37 months. Patients aged < 40 years at the initial presentation had a 3.8 times higher risk of bilateral myopic MNV (HR, 3.8; 95% CI, 1.65-8.69; P = 0.002). The presence of lacquer cracks in the second eye seemed to increase risk, but this did not reach statistical significance (HR, 2.25; 95% CI, 0.94-5.39; P = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS Our study of high myopes of European descent shows very similar incidence rates for second eye myopic MNV compared with Asian studies. Our findings substantiate the importance for clinicians to monitor closely and create awareness, especially in younger patients. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S) The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Ravenstijn
- Rotterdam Ophthalmic Institute, Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department Of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department Of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department Of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Suzanne Yzer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Corradi Z, Khan M, Hitti-Malin R, Mishra K, Whelan L, Cornelis SS, Hoyng CB, Kämpjärvi K, Klaver CCW, Liskova P, Stöhr H, Weber BHF, Banfi S, Farrar GJ, Sharon D, Zernant J, Allikmets R, Dhaenens CM, Cremers FPM. Targeted sequencing and in vitro splice assays shed light on ABCA4-associated retinopathies missing heritability. HGG Adv 2023; 4:100237. [PMID: 37705246 PMCID: PMC10534262 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2023.100237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The ABCA4 gene is the most frequently mutated Mendelian retinopathy-associated gene. Biallelic variants lead to a variety of phenotypes, however, for thousands of cases the underlying variants remain unknown. Here, we aim to shed further light on the missing heritability of ABCA4-associated retinopathy by analyzing a large cohort of macular dystrophy probands. A total of 858 probands were collected from 26 centers, of whom 722 carried no or one pathogenic ABCA4 variant, while 136 cases carried two ABCA4 alleles, one of which was a frequent mild variant, suggesting that deep-intronic variants (DIVs) or other cis-modifiers might have been missed. After single molecule molecular inversion probes (smMIPs)-based sequencing of the complete 128-kb ABCA4 locus, the effect of putative splice variants was assessed in vitro by midigene splice assays in HEK293T cells. The breakpoints of copy number variants (CNVs) were determined by junction PCR and Sanger sequencing. ABCA4 sequence analysis solved 207 of 520 (39.8%) naive or unsolved cases and 70 of 202 (34.7%) monoallelic cases, while additional causal variants were identified in 54 of 136 (39.7%) probands carrying two variants. Seven novel DIVs and six novel non-canonical splice site variants were detected in a total of 35 alleles and characterized, including the c.6283-321C>G variant leading to a complex splicing defect. Additionally, four novel CNVs were identified and characterized in five alleles. These results confirm that smMIPs-based sequencing of the complete ABCA4 gene provides a cost-effective method to genetically solve retinopathy cases and that several rare structural and splice altering defects remain undiscovered in Stargardt disease cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelia Corradi
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Mubeen Khan
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Rebekkah Hitti-Malin
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ketan Mishra
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Whelan
- The School of Genetics & Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stéphanie S Cornelis
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Carel B Hoyng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Molecular & Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Petra Liskova
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Heidi Stöhr
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard H F Weber
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Institute of Clinical Human Genetics, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sandro Banfi
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples and Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - G Jane Farrar
- The School of Genetics & Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dror Sharon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jana Zernant
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rando Allikmets
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Claire-Marie Dhaenens
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Frans P M Cremers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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13
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Vergroesen JE, Schuster AK, Stuart KV, Asefa NG, Cougnard-Grégoire A, Delcourt C, Schweitzer C, Barreto P, Coimbra R, Foster PJ, Luben RN, Pfeiffer N, Stingl JV, Kirsten T, Rauscher FG, Wirkner K, Jansonius NM, Arnould L, Creuzot-Garcher CP, Stricker BH, Keskini C, Topouzis F, Bertelsen G, Eggen AE, Bikbov MM, Jonas JB, Klaver CCW, Ramdas WD, Khawaja AP. Association of Systemic Medication Use with Glaucoma and Intraocular Pressure: The European Eye Epidemiology Consortium. Ophthalmology 2023; 130:893-906. [PMID: 37150298 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the association of commonly used systemic medications with glaucoma and intraocular pressure (IOP) in the European population. DESIGN Meta-analysis of 11 population-based cohort studies of the European Eye Epidemiology Consortium. PARTICIPANTS The glaucoma analyses included 143 240 participants and the IOP analyses included 47 177 participants. METHODS We examined associations of 4 categories of systemic medications-antihypertensive medications (β-blockers, diuretics, calcium channel blockers [CCBs], α-agonists, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and angiotensin II receptor blockers), lipid-lowering medications, antidepressants, and antidiabetic medications-with glaucoma prevalence and IOP. Glaucoma ascertainment and IOP measurement method were according to individual study protocols. Results of multivariable regression analyses of each study were pooled using random effects meta-analyses. Associations with antidiabetic medications were examined in participants with diabetes only. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Glaucoma prevalence and IOP. RESULTS In the meta-analyses of our maximally adjusted multivariable models, use of CCBs was associated with a higher prevalence of glaucoma (odds ratio [OR], 1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08 to 1.39). This association was stronger for monotherapy of CCBs with direct cardiac effects (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.23 to 3.12). No other antihypertensive medications, lipid-lowering medications, antidepressants, or antidiabetic medications were associated with glaucoma. Use of systemic β-blockers was associated with a lower IOP (β coefficient, -0.33 mmHg; 95% CI, -0.57 to -0.08 mmHg). Monotherapy of both selective systemic β-blockers (β coefficient, -0.45 mmHg; 95% CI -0.74 to -0.16 mmHg) and nonselective systemic β-blockers (β coefficient, -0.54 mmHg; 95% CI, -0.94 to -0.15 mmHg) was associated with lower IOP. A suggestive association was found between use of high-ceiling diuretics and lower IOP (β coefficient, -0.30 mmHg; 95% CI, -0.47 to -0.14 mmHg) but not when used as monotherapy. No other antihypertensive medications, lipid-lowering medications, antidepressants, or antidiabetic medications were associated with IOP. CONCLUSIONS We identified a potentially harmful association between use of CCBs and glaucoma prevalence. Additionally, we observed and quantified the association of lower IOP with systemic β-blocker use. Both findings potentially are important, given that patients with glaucoma frequently use systemic antihypertensive medications. Determining causality of the CCB association should be a research priority. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S) Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle E Vergroesen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander K Schuster
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kelsey V Stuart
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nigus G Asefa
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Cécile Delcourt
- INSERM, BPH, U1219, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cédric Schweitzer
- INSERM, BPH, U1219, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Ophthalmology, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Patrícia Barreto
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine (iCBR- FMUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rita Coimbra
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Mathematics, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paul J Foster
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert N Luben
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Julia V Stingl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Toralf Kirsten
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany; Medical Informatics Center, Department of Medical Data Science, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Franziska G Rauscher
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wirkner
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nomdo M Jansonius
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Louis Arnould
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | | | - Bruno H Stricker
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christina Keskini
- First Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Fotis Topouzis
- First Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Geir Bertelsen
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anne E Eggen
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Jost B Jonas
- Ufa Eye Research Institute, Ufa, Russia; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wishal D Ramdas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anthony P Khawaja
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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Merle DA, Sen M, Armento A, Stanton CM, Thee EF, Meester-Smoor MA, Kaiser M, Clark SJ, Klaver CCW, Keane PA, Wright AF, Ehrmann M, Ueffing M. 10q26 - The enigma in age-related macular degeneration. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 96:101154. [PMID: 36513584 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite comprehensive research efforts over the last decades, the pathomechanisms of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) remain far from being understood. Large-scale genome wide association studies (GWAS) were able to provide a defined set of genetic aberrations which contribute to disease risk, with the strongest contributors mapping to distinct regions on chromosome 1 and 10. While the chromosome 1 locus comprises factors of the complement system with well-known functions, the role of the 10q26-locus in AMD-pathophysiology remains enigmatic. 10q26 harbors a cluster of three functional genes, namely PLEKHA1, ARMS2 and HTRA1, with most of the AMD-associated genetic variants mapping to the latter two genes. High linkage disequilibrium between ARMS2 and HTRA1 has kept association studies from reliably defining the risk-causing gene for long and only very recently the genetic risk region has been narrowed to ARMS2, suggesting that this is the true AMD gene at this locus. However, genetic associations alone do not suffice to prove causality and one or more of the 14 SNPs on this haplotype may be involved in long-range control of gene expression, leaving HTRA1 and PLEKHA1 still suspects in the pathogenic pathway. Both, ARMS2 and HTRA1 have been linked to extracellular matrix homeostasis, yet their exact molecular function as well as their role in AMD pathogenesis remains to be uncovered. The transcriptional regulation of the 10q26 locus adds an additional level of complexity, given, that gene-regulatory as well as epigenetic alterations may influence expression levels from 10q26 in diseased individuals. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview on the 10q26 locus and its three gene products on various levels of biological complexity and discuss current and future research strategies to shed light on one of the remaining enigmatic spots in the AMD landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Merle
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Department for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany; Department for Ophthalmology, University Eye Clinic, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Graz, 8036, Graz, Austria.
| | - Merve Sen
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Department for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Angela Armento
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Department for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Chloe M Stanton
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Eric F Thee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015GD, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015CE, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Magda A Meester-Smoor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015GD, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015CE, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Markus Kaiser
- Center of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, 45117, Essen, Germany
| | - Simon J Clark
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Department for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany; Department for Ophthalmology, University Eye Clinic, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany; Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015GD, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015CE, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Radboudumc, 6525EX, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pearse A Keane
- Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Alan F Wright
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Michael Ehrmann
- Center of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, 45117, Essen, Germany
| | - Marius Ueffing
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Department for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany; Department for Ophthalmology, University Eye Clinic, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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15
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Thee EF, Acar İE, Colijn JM, Meester-Smoor MA, Verzijden T, Baart SJ, Jarboui MA, Fauser S, Hoyng CB, Ueffing M, den Hollander AI, Klaver CCW. Systemic Metabolomics in a Framework of Genetics and Lifestyle in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Metabolites 2023; 13:701. [PMID: 37367859 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Insights into the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of blindness, point towards a complex interplay of genetic and lifestyle factors triggering various systemic pathways. This study aimed to characterize metabolomic profiles for AMD and to evaluate their position in the trias with genetics and lifestyle. This study included 5923 individuals from five European studies. Blood metabolomics were assessed using a nuclear magnetic resonance platform of 146 metabolites. Associations were studied using regression analyses. A genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated using β-values of 49 AMD variants, a lifestyle risk score (LRS) using smoking and diet data, and a metabolite risk score (MRS) using metabolite values. We identified 61 metabolites associated with early-intermediate AMD, of which 94% were lipid-related, with higher levels of HDL-subparticles and apolipoprotein-A1, and lower levels of VLDL-subparticles, triglycerides, and fatty acids (false discovery rate (FDR) p-value < 1.4 × 10-2). Late AMD was associated with lower levels of the amino acids histidine, leucine, valine, tyrosine, and phenylalanine, and higher levels of the ketone bodies acetoacetate and 3-hydroxybutyrate (FDR p-value < 1.5 × 10-3). A favorable lifestyle characterized by a healthy diet was associated with higher levels of amino acids and lower levels of ketone bodies, while an unfavorable lifestyle, including smoking, showed opposite effects (FDR p-value < 2.7 × 10-2). The MRS mediated 5% of the effect of the GRS and 20% of that of the LRS on late AMD. Our findings show that metabolomic profiles differ between AMD stages and show that blood metabolites mostly reflect lifestyle. The severity-specific profiles spur further interest into the systemic effects related to disease conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric F Thee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - İlhan E Acar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna M Colijn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Magda A Meester-Smoor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timo Verzijden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sara J Baart
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mohamed A Jarboui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Eye Clinic, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sascha Fauser
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Hoffman-La Roche AG, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carel B Hoyng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marius Ueffing
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Eye Clinic, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, University of Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
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16
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Vergroesen JE, Kaynak A, Aribas E, Kavousi M, van Meurs JBJ, Klaver CCW, Ramdas WD. Higher testosterone is associated with open-angle glaucoma in women: a genetic predisposition? Biol Sex Differ 2023; 14:27. [PMID: 37161452 PMCID: PMC10170716 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-023-00512-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testosterone may be a possible modifiable risk factor for open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and intraocular pressure (IOP), but evidence has been scarce and conflicting. In this study we evaluated the association of testosterone and its genetic predisposition with incident (i) OAG, IOP, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCL +). METHODS Participants aged 45-100 years were derived from the prospective, population-based Rotterdam Study. Ophthalmic examinations and serum testosterone measurements (including bioavailable and free testosterone) were performed from 1991 onwards. Follow-up took place every 4-5 years. A total of 187 out of 7898 participants were diagnosed with incident (i) OAG during follow-up. Genotyping was performed in 165 glaucoma cases and 6708 controls. We calculated sex-specific weighted genetic risk scores (GRS) for total and bioavailable testosterone. Associations with iOAG were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. Associations with IOP, RNFL, and GCL + were analyzed with multivariable linear regression. Analyses were stratified on sex and adjusted for at least age, body mass index, and follow-up duration. RESULTS In men, testosterone was not associated with iOAG. However, the GRS for higher total testosterone was associated with an increased iOAG risk (odds ratio [OR] with 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 2.48 [1.18; 5.22], per unit). In women, higher values of bioavailable testosterone (2.05 [1.00; 4.18] per nmol/L) and free testosterone (1.79 [1.00; 3.20] per ng/dL) were significantly associated with increased risk of iOAG. Moreover, the GRS for higher bioavailable testosterone was associated with an increased iOAG risk (2.48 [1.09; 5.65], per unit). Higher bioavailable and free testosterone were adversely associated with IOP (0.58 [0.05; 1.10] per nmol/L and 0.47 [0.04; 0.90] per ng/dL). Higher total testosterone was inversely associated with peripapillary RNFL and GCL + (Beta [95% CI]: - 3.54 [- 7.02; - 0.06] per nmol/L and - 2.18 [- 4.11; - 0.25] per nmol/L, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In women, higher testosterone levels increased the risk of iOAG. Both IOP-dependent and IOP-independent mechanisms may underlie this association. Managing testosterone levels may be particularly relevant for the prevention of neurodegeneration in the eye. Future research should confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle E Vergroesen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adem Kaynak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elif Aribas
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maryam Kavousi
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joyce B J van Meurs
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, University of Basel, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wishal D Ramdas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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17
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Flitcroft I, Ainsworth J, Chia A, Cotter S, Harb E, Jin ZB, Klaver CCW, Moore AT, Nischal KK, Ohno-Matsui K, Paysse EA, Repka MX, Smirnova IY, Snead M, Verhoeven VJM, Verkicharla PK. IMI-Management and Investigation of High Myopia in Infants and Young Children. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:3. [PMID: 37126360 PMCID: PMC10153576 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.6.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology, etiology, clinical assessment, investigation, management, and visual consequences of high myopia (≤-6 diopters [D]) in infants and young children. Findings High myopia is rare in pre-school children with a prevalence less than 1%. The etiology of myopia in such children is different than in older children, with a high rate of secondary myopia associated with prematurity or genetic causes. The priority following the diagnosis of high myopia in childhood is to determine whether there is an associated medical diagnosis that may be of greater overall importance to the health of the child through a clinical evaluation that targets the commonest features associated with syndromic forms of myopia. Biometric evaluation (including axial length and corneal curvature) is important to distinguishing axial myopia from refractive myopia associated with abnormal development of the anterior segment. Additional investigation includes ocular imaging, electrophysiological tests, genetic testing, and involvement of pediatricians and clinical geneticists is often warranted. Following investigation, optical correction is essential, but this may be more challenging and complex than in older children. Application of myopia control interventions in this group of children requires a case-by-case approach due to the lack of evidence of efficacy and clinical heterogeneity of high myopia in young children. Conclusions High myopia in infants and young children is a rare condition with a different pattern of etiology to that seen in older children. The clinical management of such children, in terms of investigation, optical correction, and use of myopia control treatments, is a complex and often multidisciplinary process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Flitcroft
- Children's Health Ireland (CHI) at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Eye Research Ireland, Technological University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Ainsworth
- Birmingham Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Susan Cotter
- Southern California College of Optometry, Marshall B Ketchum University, Fullerton, California, United States
| | - Elise Harb
- Wertheim School Optometry and Vision Science, Berkeley, California, United States
- University of California - San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Zi-Bing Jin
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anthony T Moore
- University of California - San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Ken K Nischal
- UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | | | - Evelyn A Paysse
- Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Michael X Repka
- Wilmer Eye Institute, The John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | | | - Martin Snead
- Department of Vitreoretinal Research, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Virginie J M Verhoeven
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Clark R, Lee SSY, Du R, Wang Y, Kneepkens SCM, Charng J, Huang Y, Hunter ML, Jiang C, Tideman JWL, Melles RB, Klaver CCW, Mackey DA, Williams C, Choquet H, Ohno-Matsui K, Guggenheim JA. A new polygenic score for refractive error improves detection of children at risk of high myopia but not the prediction of those at risk of myopic macular degeneration. EBioMedicine 2023; 91:104551. [PMID: 37055258 PMCID: PMC10203044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High myopia (HM), defined as a spherical equivalent refractive error (SER) ≤ -6.00 diopters (D), is a leading cause of sight impairment, through myopic macular degeneration (MMD). We aimed to derive an improved polygenic score (PGS) for predicting children at risk of HM and to test if a PGS is predictive of MMD after accounting for SER. METHODS The PGS was derived from genome-wide association studies in participants of UK Biobank, CREAM Consortium, and Genetic Epidemiology Research on Adult Health and Aging. MMD severity was quantified by a deep learning algorithm. Prediction of HM was quantified as the area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC). Prediction of severe MMD was assessed by logistic regression. FINDINGS In independent samples of European, African, South Asian and East Asian ancestry, the PGS explained 19% (95% confidence interval 17-21%), 2% (1-3%), 8% (7-10%) and 6% (3-9%) of the variation in SER, respectively. The AUROC for HM in these samples was 0.78 (0.75-0.81), 0.58 (0.53-0.64), 0.71 (0.69-0.74) and 0.67 (0.62-0.72), respectively. The PGS was not associated with the risk of MMD after accounting for SER: OR = 1.07 (0.92-1.24). INTERPRETATION Performance of the PGS approached the level required for clinical utility in Europeans but not in other ancestries. A PGS for refractive error was not predictive of MMD risk once SER was accounted for. FUNDING Supported by the Welsh Government and Fight for Sight (24WG201).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosie Clark
- School of Optometry & Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Samantha Sze-Yee Lee
- University of Western Australia, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (incorporating the Lions Eye Institute), Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ran Du
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 1138510, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Yining Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 1138510, Japan
| | - Sander C M Kneepkens
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jason Charng
- University of Western Australia, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (incorporating the Lions Eye Institute), Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Optometry, School of Allied Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Michael L Hunter
- Busselton Health Study Centre, Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, Busselton, Western Australia; School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Chen Jiang
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - J Willem L Tideman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Martini Hospital, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald B Melles
- Department of Ophthalmology Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - David A Mackey
- University of Western Australia, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (incorporating the Lions Eye Institute), Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Medicine, Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Cathy Williams
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS81NU, UK
| | - Hélène Choquet
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Kyoko Ohno-Matsui
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 1138510, Japan
| | - Jeremy A Guggenheim
- School of Optometry & Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK.
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19
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Tideman JWL, Verhoeven VJM, Meester-Smoor MA, Kneepkens SCM, Liman K, Polling JR, Klaver CCW. The 18th International Myopia Conference 2022 in Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2023; 43:293-295. [PMID: 37016541 DOI: 10.1111/opo.13128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Willem L Tideman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Martini Hospital, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Virginie J M Verhoeven
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Magda A Meester-Smoor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander C M Kneepkens
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kubra Liman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Roelof Polling
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Departments of Orthoptics and Optometry, Hogeschool Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
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20
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Quint WH, van Buuren R, Kokke NCCJ, Meester-Smoor MA, Willemsen R, Broersma R, Iglesias AI, Lucassen M, Klaver CCW. Exposure to cyan or red light inhibits the axial growth of zebrafish eyes. Exp Eye Res 2023; 230:109437. [PMID: 36924981 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Myopia, or nearsightedness, is the most common type of refractive error and is characterized by a mismatch between the optical power and ocular axial length. Light, and more specifically the spectral composition of light, has been known to influence myopic axial growth. In this pilot study, we exposed zebrafish to illuminations that vary in spectral composition and screened for changes in axial length. The illumination spectra included narrow band ultra-violet A (UVA) (peak wavelength 369 nm), violet (425 nm), cyan (483 nm), green/yellow (557 nm), and red (633 nm) light, as well as broad band white light (2700 K and 6500 K), dim white light and broad spectrum (day) light. We found that rearing zebrafish in cyan or red light leads to a reduction of the ocular axial length. The results of this pilot study may contribute to new perspectives on the role of light and lighting as an intervention strategy for myopia control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim H Quint
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Renee van Buuren
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nina C C J Kokke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Magda A Meester-Smoor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rob Willemsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rémy Broersma
- Signify Research, Signify, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Adriana I Iglesias
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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21
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van der Sande E, Polling JR, Tideman JWL, Meester-Smoor MA, Thiadens AAHJ, Tan E, De Zeeuw CI, Hamelink R, Willuhn I, Verhoeven VJM, Winkelman BHJ, Klaver CCW. Myopia control in Mendelian forms of myopia. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2023; 43:494-504. [PMID: 36882953 DOI: 10.1111/opo.13115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the effectiveness of high-dose atropine for reducing eye growth in Mendelian myopia in children and mice. METHODS We studied the effect of high-dose atropine in children with progressive myopia with and without a monogenetic cause. Children were matched for age and axial length (AL) in their first year of treatment. We considered annual AL progression rate as the outcome and compared rates with percentile charts of an untreated general population. We treated C57BL/6J mice featuring the myopic phenotype of Donnai-Barrow syndrome by selective inactivation of Lrp2 knock out (KO) and control mice (CTRL) daily with 1% atropine in the left eye and saline in the right eye, from postnatal days 30-56. Ocular biometry was measured using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Retinal dopamine (DA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS Children with a Mendelian form of myopia had average baseline spherical equivalent (SE) -7.6 ± 2.5D and AL 25.8 ± 0.3 mm; children with non-Mendelian myopia had average SE -7.3 ± 2.9 D and AL 25.6 ± 0.9 mm. During atropine treatment, the annual AL progression rate was 0.37 ± 0.08 and 0.39 ± 0.05 mm in the Mendelian myopes and non-Mendelian myopes, respectively. Compared with progression rates of untreated general population (0.47 mm/year), atropine reduced AL progression with 27% in Mendelian myopes and 23% in non-Mendelian myopes. Atropine significantly reduced AL growth in both KO and CTRL mice (male, KO: -40 ± 15; CTRL: -42 ± 10; female, KO: -53 ± 15; CTRL: -62 ± 3 μm). The DA and DOPAC levels 2 and 24 h after atropine treatment were slightly, albeit non-significantly, elevated. CONCLUSIONS High-dose atropine had the same effect on AL in high myopic children with and without a known monogenetic cause. In mice featuring a severe form of Mendelian myopia, atropine reduced AL progression. This suggests that atropine can reduce myopia progression even in the presence of a strong monogenic driver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie van der Sande
- Department Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Roelof Polling
- Department Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Departments Orthoptics and Optometry, Hogeschool Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Willem L Tideman
- Department Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department Ophthalmology, Martini Hospital, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Magda A Meester-Smoor
- Department Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Emily Tan
- Department Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chris I De Zeeuw
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ralph Hamelink
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingo Willuhn
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Virginie J M Verhoeven
- Department Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Beerend H J Winkelman
- Department Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department Ophthalmology, Radboud Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
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22
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Ravenstijn M, Klaver CCW, Yzer S. LONG-TERM TREATMENT OUTCOMES AFTER BEVACIZUMAB THERAPY FOR MACULAR NEOVASCULARIZATION IN WHITE PATIENTS WITH HIGH MYOPIA. Retina 2023; 43:444-453. [PMID: 36395427 PMCID: PMC9935556 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000003675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report long-term treatment outcomes of intravitreal bevacizumab in myopic macular neovascularization (MNV). METHODS Retrospective analysis of longitudinal, clinical data of patients with high myopic MNV treated with intravitreal bevacizumab. One-hundred and seventeen eyes of 106 patients were followed from first injection up to 12 years. Outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity change during follow-up and myopic MNV recurrence. RESULTS Mean (±SD) baseline best-corrected visual acuity (0.56 ± 0.46 logMAR, 20/80) significantly improved after first treatment (0.33 ± 0.33, 20/50, P < 0.001). At 4 years (n = 86), best-corrected visual acuity was no longer significantly better than at baseline (0.55 ± 0.57, P = 0.30) and continued to deteriorate to 0.84 ± 0.76 (20/125) at 10 years (n = 27). Of the 27 eyes (23%) who reached 10 years of follow-up, 53% developed MNV-related chorioretinal atrophy. The cumulative incidence of recurrent myopic MNV was 34% at 2 years and 59% at 5 years. Best-corrected visual acuity decrease in eyes with or without recurrent MNV was similar ( P = 0.58). Patchy chorioretinal atrophy (hazard ratio 3.0, P = 0.02) and subfoveal MNVs (hazard ratio 2.5, P = 0.048) were significantly associated with recurrent MNV. CONCLUSION This retrospective myopic MNV study revealed that visual improvement after intravitreal bevacizumab injections was not maintained over time. Macular neovascularization recurrences occurred frequently but did not alter the already poor visual prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Ravenstijn
- Rotterdam Ophthalmic Institute, Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
- Departments of Epidemiology, and Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Caroline C. W. Klaver
- Rotterdam Ophthalmic Institute, Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
- Departments of Epidemiology, and Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Suzanne Yzer
- Rotterdam Ophthalmic Institute, Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and
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23
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Mekić S, Pardo LM, Gunn DA, Jacobs LC, Hamer MA, Ikram MA, Vinke EJ, Vernooij MW, Haarman AEG, Thee EF, Vergroesen JE, Klaver CCW, Croll PH, Goedegebure A, Trajanoska K, Rivadeneira F, van Meurs JBJ, Arshi B, Kavousi M, de Roos EW, Brusselle GGO, Kayser M, Nijsten T. Younger facial looks are associate with a lower likelihood of several age-related morbidities in the middle-aged to elderly. Br J Dermatol 2023; 188:390-395. [PMID: 36763776 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljac100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Looking older for one's chronological age is associated with a higher mortality rate. Yet it remains unclear how perceived facial age relates to morbidity and the degree to which facial ageing reflects systemic ageing of the human body. OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between ΔPA and age-related morbidities of different organ systems, where ΔPA represents the difference between perceived age (PA) and chronological age. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional analysis on data from the Rotterdam Study, a population-based cohort study in the Netherlands. High-resolution facial photographs of 2679 men and women aged 51.5-87.8 years of European descent were used to assess PA. PA was estimated and scored in 5-year categories using these photographs by a panel of men and women who were blinded for chronological age and medical history. A linear mixed model was used to generate the mean PAs. The difference between the mean PA and chronological age was calculated (ΔPA), where a higher (positive) ΔPA means that the person looks younger for their age and a lower (negative) ΔPA that the person looks older. ΔPA was tested as a continuous variable for association with ageing-related morbidities including cardiovascular, pulmonary, ophthalmological, neurocognitive, renal, skeletal and auditory morbidities in separate regression analyses, adjusted for age and sex (model 1) and additionally for body mass index, smoking and sun exposure (model 2). RESULTS We observed 5-year higher ΔPA (i.e. looking younger by 5 years for one's age) to be associated with less osteoporosis [odds ratio (OR) 0.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62-0.93], less chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.77-0.95), less age-related hearing loss (model 2; B = -0.76, 95% CI -1.35 to -0.17) and fewer cataracts (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.73-0.97), but with better global cognitive functioning (g-factor; model 2; B = 0.07, 95% CI 0.04-0.10). CONCLUSIONS PA is associated with multiple morbidities and better cognitive function, suggesting that systemic ageing and cognitive ageing are, to an extent, externally visible in the human face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Mekić
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Luba M Pardo
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - David A Gunn
- Unilever Research and Development, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Leonie C Jacobs
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Merel A Hamer
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eline J Vinke
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Meike W Vernooij
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annet E G Haarman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric F Thee
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joelle E Vergroesen
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pauline H Croll
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andre Goedegebure
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Katerina Trajanoska
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joyce B J van Meurs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Banafsheh Arshi
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maryam Kavousi
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Emmely W de Roos
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Guy G O Brusselle
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Manfred Kayser
- Department of Genetic Identification, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tamar Nijsten
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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24
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Vergroesen JE, Klaver CCW, Ramdas WD. Diabetes Medication to Reduce Age-Related Eye Disorders Beyond Glucose Control-Reply. JAMA Ophthalmol 2023; 141:405-406. [PMID: 36795385 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2022.6317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle E Vergroesen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,EyeNED Reading Center, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wishal D Ramdas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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25
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Kneepkens SCM, de Vlieger J, Tideman JWL, Enthoven CA, Polling JR, Klaver CCW. Myopia risk behaviour related to the COVID-19 lockdown in Europe: The generation R study. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2023; 43:402-409. [PMID: 36772877 DOI: 10.1111/opo.13100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To battle the spreading of the COVID-19 virus, nationwide lockdowns were implemented during 2020 and 2021. Reports from China revealed that their strict home confinements led to an increase in myopia incidence. The Netherlands implemented a more lenient lockdown, which allowed children to go outside. We evaluated the association between COVID-19 restrictions, myopia risk behaviour and myopia progression in Dutch teenagers. METHOD A total of 1101 participants (mean age 16.3 ± 3.65 yrs) completed questionnaires about their activities before, during and after lockdown (March-October 2020). We used a repeated-measures ANOVA to compare time use between these time periods. Ocular measurements were acquired before the COVID-19 pandemic when participants were 13 years old; only 242 participants had ocular measurements at 18 years of age at the time of this analysis. Linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between lifestyle factors and myopia progression. RESULTS Children were on average 16.2 (1.03) years of age during lockdown. Total nearwork increased from 8.11 h/day to 11.79 h/day, and remained higher after lockdown at 9.46 h/day (p < 0.001). Non-educational nearwork increased by 2.22 h/day (+49%) during lockdown and was associated with faster axial length progression (B 0.002 mm/h/year; SE 0.001 p = 0.03). Before and during lockdown, the mean time spent outdoors was similar (1.78 h/day and 1.80 h/day, respectively). After lockdown, time spent outdoors decreased to 1.56 h/day (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The Dutch lockdown significantly increased digitised nearwork in adolescents but did not affect outdoor exposure. The changes in time spent performing nearwork remained after the lockdown measures had ended. We expect that the COVID-19 pandemic may lead to an increase in myopia prevalence and progression in European children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander C M Kneepkens
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jimmy de Vlieger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Willem L Tideman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Martini Hospital, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Clair A Enthoven
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Roelof Polling
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
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26
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Quint WH, Tadema KCD, Kokke NCCJ, Meester-Smoor MA, Miller AC, Willemsen R, Klaver CCW, Iglesias AI. Post-GWAS screening of candidate genes for refractive error in mutant zebrafish models. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2017. [PMID: 36737489 PMCID: PMC9898536 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28944-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have dissected numerous genetic factors underlying refractive errors (RE) such as myopia. Despite significant insights into understanding the genetic architecture of RE, few studies have validated and explored the functional role of candidate genes within these loci. To functionally follow-up on GWAS and characterize the potential role of candidate genes on the development of RE, we prioritized nine genes (TJP2, PDE11A, SHISA6, LAMA2, LRRC4C, KCNQ5, GNB3, RBFOX1, and GRIA4) based on biological and statistical evidence; and used CRISPR/cas9 to generate knock-out zebrafish mutants. These mutant fish were screened for abnormalities in axial length by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and refractive status by eccentric photorefraction at the juvenile (2 months) and adult (4 months) developmental stage. We found a significantly increased axial length and myopic shift in refractive status in three of our studied mutants, indicating a potential involvement of the human orthologs (LAMA2, LRRC4C, and KCNQ5) in myopia development. Further, in-situ hybridization studies showed that all three genes are expressed throughout the zebrafish retina. Our zebrafish models provide evidence of a functional role of these three genes in refractive error development and offer opportunities to elucidate pathways driving the retina-to-sclera signaling cascade that leads to myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim H Quint
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kirke C D Tadema
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nina C C J Kokke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Magda A Meester-Smoor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adam C Miller
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, USA
| | - Rob Willemsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adriana I Iglesias
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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27
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Tran JH, Stuart KV, de Vries V, Vergroesen JE, Cousins CC, Hysi PG, Do R, Rocheleau G, Kang JH, Wiggs JL, MacGregor S, Khawaja AP, Mackey DA, Klaver CCW, Ramdas WD, Pasquale LR. Genetic Associations Between Smoking- and Glaucoma-Related Traits. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2023; 12:20. [PMID: 36786746 PMCID: PMC9932549 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.12.2.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to describe the genetic relationship between smoking and glaucoma. Methods We used summary-level genetic data for smoking initiation, smoking intensity (cigarettes per day [CPD]), intraocular pressure (IOP), vertical cup-disc ratio, and open-angle glaucoma (OAG) to estimate global genetic correlations (rg) and perform two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) experiments that explored relations between traits. Finally, we examined associations between smoking genetic risk scores (GRS) and smoking traits with measured IOP and OAG in Rotterdam Study participants. Results We identified weak inverse rg between smoking- and glaucoma-related traits that were insignificant after Bonferroni correction. However, MR analysis revealed that genetically predicted smoking initiation was associated with lower IOP (-0.18 mm Hg per SD, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.30 to -0.06, P = 0.003). Furthermore, genetically predicted smoking intensity was associated with decreased OAG risk (odds ratio [OR] = 0.74 per SD, 95% CI = 0.61 to 0.90, P = 0.002). In the Rotterdam Study, the smoking initiation GRS was associated with lower IOP (-0.09 mm Hg per SD, 95% CI = -0.17 to -0.01, P = 0.04) and lower odds of OAG (OR = 0.84 per SD, 95% CI = 0.73 to 0.98, P = 0.02) in multivariable-adjusted analyses. In contrast, neither smoking history nor CPD was associated with IOP (P ≥ 0.38) or OAG (P ≥ 0.54). Associations between the smoking intensity GRS and glaucoma traits were null (P ≥ 0.13). Conclusions MR experiments and GRS generated from Rotterdam Study participants support an inverse relationship between smoking and glaucoma. Translational Relevance Understanding the genetic drivers of the inverse relationship between smoking and glaucoma could yield new insights into glaucoma pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica H. Tran
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kelsey V. Stuart
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Victor de Vries
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joëlle E. Vergroesen
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Clara C. Cousins
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pirro G. Hysi
- Department of Ophthalmology, King's College London, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ron Do
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ghislain Rocheleau
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jae H. Kang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Janey L. Wiggs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- Department of Statistical Genetics, QIMR Bergohofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anthony P. Khawaja
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - David A. Mackey
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Caroline C. W. Klaver
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboudumc, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wishal D. Ramdas
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Louis R. Pasquale
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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28
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Nguyen XTA, Thiadens AAHJ, Fiocco M, Tan W, McKibbin M, Klaver CCW, Meester-Smoor MA, Van Cauwenbergh C, Strubbe I, Vergaro A, Pott JWR, Hoyng CB, Leroy BP, Zemaitiene R, Khan KN, Boon CJF. Outcome of Cataract Surgery in Patients With Retinitis Pigmentosa. Am J Ophthalmol 2023; 246:1-9. [PMID: 36252678 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the visual outcome of cataract surgery in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). DESIGN Retrospective, noncomparative clinical study. METHODS Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative data of patients with RP who were undergoing cataract surgery were collected from several expertise centers across Europe. RESULTS In total, 295 eyes of 226 patients were included in the study. The mean age at surgery of the first eye was 56.1 ± 17.9 years. Following surgery, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved significantly from 1.03 to 0.81 logMAR (ie, 20/214 to 20/129 Snellen) in the first treated eye (-0.22 logMAR; 95% CI = -0.31 to -0.13; P < .001) and from 0.80 to 0.56 logMAR (ie, 20/126 to 20/73 Snellen) in the second treated eye (-0.24 logMAR; 95% CI = -0.32 to -0.15; P < .001). Marked BCVA improvements (postoperative change in BCVA of ≥0.3 logMAR) were observed in 87 of 226 patients (39%). Greater odds for marked visual improvements were observed in patients with moderate visual impairment or worse. The most common complications were zonular dialysis (n = 15; 5%) and (exacerbation of) cystoid macular edema (n = 14; 5%), respectively. Postoperative posterior capsular opacifications were present in 111 of 295 eyes (38%). CONCLUSION Significant improvements in BCVA are observed in most patients with RP following cataract surgery. Baseline BCVA is a predictor of visual outcome. Preoperative evaluation should include the assessment of potential zonular insufficiency and the presence of CME, as they are relatively common and may increase the risk of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Thanh-An Nguyen
- From the Department of Ophthalmology (X.N., C.J.F.B.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Alberta A H J Thiadens
- Department of Ophthalmology (A.A.H.J.T., C.C.W.K., M.A.M.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marta Fiocco
- Mathematical Institute (M.F.), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Data Sciences (M.F.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Weijen Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology (W.T., M.M.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Martin McKibbin
- Department of Ophthalmology (W.T., M.M.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology (A.A.H.J.T., C.C.W.K., M.A.M.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (C.C.W.K., M.A.M.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology (C.C.W.K., C.B.H.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology (C.C.W.K.), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Magda A Meester-Smoor
- Department of Ophthalmology (A.A.H.J.T., C.C.W.K., M.A.M.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (C.C.W.K., M.A.M.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Caroline Van Cauwenbergh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ghent (C.V., I.S., B.P.L.) University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Center for Medical Genetics (C.V., B.P.L.), Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ine Strubbe
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ghent (C.V., I.S., B.P.L.) University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andrea Vergaro
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders (A.V.), Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan-Willem R Pott
- Department of Ophthalmology (J.R.P.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Carel B Hoyng
- Department of Ophthalmology (C.C.W.K., C.B.H.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Bart P Leroy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ghent (C.V., I.S., B.P.L.) University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Center for Medical Genetics (C.V., B.P.L.), Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Division of Ophthalmology (B.P.L.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Centre for Cellular & Molecular Therapeutics (B.P.L.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Reda Zemaitiene
- Department of Ophthalmology (R.Z.), Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Kamron N Khan
- Novartis Institute of BioMedical Research (K.N.K.), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Ophthalmology (K.N.K.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Camiel J F Boon
- From the Department of Ophthalmology (X.N., C.J.F.B.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology (C.J.F.B.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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29
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Ravenstijn M, du Bois G, Jansen RC, Liu C, Luyten GPM, van Leeuwen R, Dickman MM, Reus NJ, Yzer S, Klaver CCW. A view from the clinic - Perspectives from Dutch patients and professionals on high myopia care. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2023; 43:327-336. [PMID: 36648005 DOI: 10.1111/opo.13091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To understand and compare perspectives of patients and professionals on current ophthalmologic care for high myopia, and to identify challenges and future opportunities. METHODS Self-reported data were collected through two online questionnaires. Patient perspective was obtained from highly myopic members of a patient organisation based in the Netherlands using a 17-item questionnaire consisting of open and multiple-choice questions regarding personal experience with myopia care. The ophthalmologist perspective was obtained from practising Dutch ophthalmologists with a 12-item questionnaire of multiple-choice questions on work-related demographics, myopia care in daily practice and need for improvement. The response rate for patients was 27% (n = 136/500) and for ophthalmologists, 24% (n = 169/716). RESULTS Patients were highly concerned about personal progressive loss of vision (69%) and feared their psychological well-being (82%) in case this would happen. The quality of performance of care provided by ophthalmologists was rated as excellent or satisfactory by 64% of the patients. These ratings for multidisciplinary care and insurance reimbursement were as low as 28% and 18% respectively. The mean concern among ophthalmologists about the rise in high myopia was 6.9 (SEM 0.1) on a 10-point scale. Sixty-nine per cent of the ophthalmologists reported that asymptomatic myopic patients should not be examined regularly at outpatient clinics. Ophthalmologists urged the development of clinical guidelines (74%), but did report (95%) that they informed patients about risk factors and complications. This contrasted with the view of patients, of whom 42% were discontent with information provided by ophthalmologists. CONCLUSIONS These questionnaires demonstrated that the current clinical care delivered to highly myopic patients is in need of improvement. The expected higher demand for myopia care in the near future requires preferred practice patterns, professionals specifically trained to manage myopic pathology, accurate and comprehensive information exchange and collaboration of in- and out-of-hospital professionals across the full eye care chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Ravenstijn
- Rotterdam Ophthalmic Institute, the Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Ritsert C Jansen
- Oogvereniging, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Groningen Bioinformatics Centre, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Chang Liu
- Rotterdam Ophthalmic Institute, the Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gregorius P M Luyten
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Redmer van Leeuwen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mor M Dickman
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Nic J Reus
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Yzer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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30
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Musolf AM, Haarman AEG, Luben RN, Ong JS, Patasova K, Trapero RH, Marsh J, Jain I, Jain R, Wang PZ, Lewis DD, Tedja MS, Iglesias AI, Li H, Cowan CS, Biino G, Klein AP, Duggal P, Mackey DA, Hayward C, Haller T, Metspalu A, Wedenoja J, Pärssinen O, Cheng CY, Saw SM, Stambolian D, Hysi PG, Khawaja AP, Vitart V, Hammond CJ, van Duijn CM, Verhoeven VJM, Klaver CCW, Bailey-Wilson JE. Rare variant analyses across multiethnic cohorts identify novel genes for refractive error. Commun Biol 2023; 6:6. [PMID: 36596879 PMCID: PMC9810640 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04323-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Refractive error, measured here as mean spherical equivalent (SER), is a complex eye condition caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Individuals with strong positive or negative values of SER require spectacles or other approaches for vision correction. Common genetic risk factors have been identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS), but a great part of the refractive error heritability is still missing. Some of this heritability may be explained by rare variants (minor allele frequency [MAF] ≤ 0.01.). We performed multiple gene-based association tests of mean Spherical Equivalent with rare variants in exome array data from the Consortium for Refractive Error and Myopia (CREAM). The dataset consisted of over 27,000 total subjects from five cohorts of Indo-European and Eastern Asian ethnicity. We identified 129 unique genes associated with refractive error, many of which were replicated in multiple cohorts. Our best novel candidates included the retina expressed PDCD6IP, the circadian rhythm gene PER3, and P4HTM, which affects eye morphology. Future work will include functional studies and validation. Identification of genes contributing to refractive error and future understanding of their function may lead to better treatment and prevention of refractive errors, which themselves are important risk factors for various blinding conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M Musolf
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Annechien E G Haarman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert N Luben
- MRC Epidemiology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Jue-Sheng Ong
- Statistical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Karina Patasova
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rolando Hernandez Trapero
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Joseph Marsh
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ishika Jain
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Riya Jain
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paul Zhiping Wang
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Deyana D Lewis
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Milly S Tedja
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriana I Iglesias
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hengtong Li
- Data Science Unit, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cameron S Cowan
- Institute for Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ginevra Biino
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council of Italy, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alison P Klein
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Priya Duggal
- The Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David A Mackey
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Toomas Haller
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Juho Wedenoja
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olavi Pärssinen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Central Hospital of Central Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, DUKE-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Ocular Epidemiology Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seang-Mei Saw
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health Systems, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Myopia Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dwight Stambolian
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pirro G Hysi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Anthony P Khawaja
- MRC Epidemiology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christopher J Hammond
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Virginie J M Verhoeven
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Joan E Bailey-Wilson
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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den Hollander AI, Mullins RF, Orozco LD, Voigt AP, Chen HH, Strunz T, Grassmann F, Haines JL, Kuiper JJW, Tumminia SJ, Allikmets R, Hageman GS, Stambolian D, Klaver CCW, Boeke JD, Chen H, Honigberg L, Katti S, Frazer KA, Weber BHF, Gorin MB. Systems genomics in age-related macular degeneration. Exp Eye Res 2022; 225:109248. [PMID: 36108770 PMCID: PMC10150562 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Genomic studies in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) have identified genetic variants that account for the majority of AMD risk. An important next step is to understand the functional consequences and downstream effects of the identified AMD-associated genetic variants. Instrumental for this next step are 'omics' technologies, which enable high-throughput characterization and quantification of biological molecules, and subsequent integration of genomics with these omics datasets, a field referred to as systems genomics. Single cell sequencing studies of the retina and choroid demonstrated that the majority of candidate AMD genes identified through genomic studies are expressed in non-neuronal cells, such as the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), glia, myeloid and choroidal cells, highlighting that many different retinal and choroidal cell types contribute to the pathogenesis of AMD. Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) studies in retinal tissue have identified putative causal genes by demonstrating a genetic overlap between gene regulation and AMD risk. Linking genetic data to complement measurements in the systemic circulation has aided in understanding the effect of AMD-associated genetic variants in the complement system, and supports that protein QTL (pQTL) studies in plasma or serum samples may aid in understanding the effect of genetic variants and pinpointing causal genes in AMD. A recent epigenomic study fine-mapped AMD causal variants by determing regulatory regions in RPE cells differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-RPE). Another approach that is being employed to pinpoint causal AMD genes is to produce synthetic DNA assemblons representing risk and protective haplotypes, which are then delivered to cellular or animal model systems. Pinpointing causal genes and understanding disease mechanisms is crucial for the next step towards clinical translation. Clinical trials targeting proteins encoded by the AMD-associated genomic loci C3, CFB, CFI, CFH, and ARMS2/HTRA1 are currently ongoing, and a phase III clinical trial for C3 inhibition recently showed a modest reduction of lesion growth in geographic atrophy. The EYERISK consortium recently developed a genetic test for AMD that allows genotyping of common and rare variants in AMD-associated genes. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) were applied to quantify AMD genetic risk, and may aid in predicting AMD progression. In conclusion, genomic studies represent a turning point in our exploration of AMD. The results of those studies now serve as a driving force for several clinical trials. Expanding to omics and systems genomics will further decipher function and causality from the associations that have been reported, and will enable the development of therapies that will lessen the burden of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneke I den Hollander
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; AbbVie, Genomics Research Center, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Robert F Mullins
- The University of Iowa Institute for Vision Research, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Andrew P Voigt
- The University of Iowa Institute for Vision Research, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Tobias Strunz
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Jonathan L Haines
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jonas J W Kuiper
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Center of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Rando Allikmets
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, NY, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, NY, USA
| | - Gregory S Hageman
- Sharon Eccles Steele Center for Translational Medicine, John A. Moran Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Dwight Stambolian
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Human Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Departments of Ophthalmology and Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jef D Boeke
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Langone Health, NY, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, NY, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Kelly A Frazer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA; Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Bernhard H F Weber
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Institute of Clinical Human Genetics, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael B Gorin
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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de Breuk A, Lechanteur YTE, Astuti G, Galbany JC, Klaver CCW, Hoyng CB, den Hollander AI. Common and rare variants in patients with early onset drusen maculopathy. Clin Genet 2022; 102:414-423. [PMID: 36053979 PMCID: PMC9825904 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Early onset drusen maculopathy (EODM) can lead to advanced macular degeneration at a young age, affecting quality of life. However, the genetic causes of EODM are not well studied. We performed whole genome sequencing in 49 EODM patients. Common genetic variants were analysed by calculating genetic risk scores based on 52 age-related macular generation (AMD)-associated variants, and we analysed rare variants in candidate genes to identify potential deleterious variants that might contribute to EODM development. We demonstrate that the 52 AMD-associated variants contributed to EODM, especially variants located in the complement pathway. Furthermore, we identified 26 rare genetic variants predicted to be pathogenic based on in silico prediction tools or based on reported pathogenicity in literature. These variants are located predominantly in the complement and lipid metabolism pathways. Last, evaluation of 18 genes causing inherited retinal dystrophies that can mimic AMD characteristics, revealed 11 potential deleterious variants in eight EODM patients. However, phenotypic characteristics did not point towards a retinal dystrophy in these patients. In conclusion, this study reports new insights into rare variants that are potentially involved in EODM development, and which are relevant for future studies unravelling the aetiology of EODM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita de Breuk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Yara T. E. Lechanteur
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Galuh Astuti
- Department of Human GeneticsRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands,Division of Human Genetics, Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of MedicineDiponegoro UniversitySemarangIndonesia
| | | | - Caroline C. W. Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands,Department of Ophthalmology, Department of EpidemiologyErasmus Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands,Institute of Molecular and Clinical OphthalmologyBaselSwitzerland
| | - Carel B. Hoyng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Anneke I. den Hollander
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands,Present address:
AbbVie, Genomics Research CenterCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
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Hahn LC, Georgiou M, Almushattat H, van Schooneveld MJ, de Carvalho ER, Wesseling NL, Ten Brink JB, Florijn RJ, Lissenberg-Witte BI, Strubbe I, van Cauwenbergh C, de Zaeytijd J, Walraedt S, de Baere E, Mukherjee R, McKibbin M, Meester-Smoor MA, Thiadens AAHJ, Al-Khuzaei S, Akyol E, Lotery AJ, van Genderen MM, Ossewaarde-van Norel J, van den Born LI, Hoyng CB, Klaver CCW, Downes SM, Bergen AA, Leroy BP, Michaelides M, Boon CJF. The Natural History of Leber Congenital Amaurosis and Cone-Rod Dystrophy Associated with Variants in the GUCY2D Gene. Ophthalmol Retina 2022; 6:711-722. [PMID: 35314386 DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the spectrum of Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) and cone-rod dystrophy (CORD) associated with the GUCY2D gene and to identify potential end points and optimal patient selection for future therapeutic trials. DESIGN International, multicenter, retrospective cohort study. SUBJECTS Eighty-two patients with GUCY2D-associated LCA or CORD from 54 families. METHODS Medical records were reviewed for medical history, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), ophthalmoscopy, visual fields, full-field electroretinography, and retinal imaging (fundus photography, spectral-domain OCT [SD-OCT], fundus autofluorescence). MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES Age of onset, evolution of BCVA, genotype-phenotype correlations, anatomic characteristics on funduscopy, and multimodal imaging. RESULTS Fourteen patients with autosomal recessive LCA and 68 with autosomal dominant CORD were included. The median follow-up times were 5.2 years (interquartile range [IQR] 2.6-8.8 years) for LCA and 7.2 years (IQR 2.2-14.2 years) for CORD. Generally, LCA presented in the first year of life. The BCVA in patients with LCA ranged from no light perception to 1.00 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) and remained relatively stable during follow-up. Imaging for LCA was limited but showed little to no structural degeneration. In patients with CORD, progressive vision loss started around the second decade of life. The BCVA declined annually by 0.022 logMAR (P < 0.001) with no difference between patients with the c.2513G>A and the c.2512C>T GUCY2D variants (P = 0.798). At the age of 40 years, the probability of being blind or severely visually impaired was 32%. The integrity of the ellipsoid zone (EZ) and that of the external limiting membrane (ELM) on SD-OCT correlated significantly with BCVA (Spearman ρ = 0.744, P = 0.001, and ρ = 0.712, P < 0.001, respectively) in those with CORD. CONCLUSIONS Leber congenital amaurosis associated with GUCY2D caused severe congenital visual impairment with relatively intact macular anatomy on funduscopy and available imaging, suggesting long preservation of photoreceptors. Despite large variability, GUCY2D-associated CORD generally presented during adolescence, with a progressive loss of vision, and culminated in severe visual impairment during mid-to-late adulthood. The integrity of the ELM and EZ may be suitable structural end points for therapeutic studies of GUCY2D-associated CORD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo C Hahn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michalis Georgiou
- Moorfields Eye Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hind Almushattat
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mary J van Schooneveld
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Bartiméus Diagnostic Center for Complex Visual Disorders, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Emanuel R de Carvalho
- Moorfields Eye Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nieneke L Wesseling
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacoline B Ten Brink
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ralph J Florijn
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Birgit I Lissenberg-Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ine Strubbe
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Caroline van Cauwenbergh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital & Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Julie de Zaeytijd
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sophie Walraedt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elfride de Baere
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital & Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rajarshi Mukherjee
- Department of Ophthalmology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Martin McKibbin
- Department of Ophthalmology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Saoud Al-Khuzaei
- Oxford Eye Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, & Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Engin Akyol
- Eye Unit, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Lotery
- Eye Unit, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Maria M van Genderen
- Bartiméus Diagnostic Center for Complex Visual Disorders, Zeist, The Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Carel B Hoyng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Susan M Downes
- Oxford Eye Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, & Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Arthur A Bergen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN-KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart P Leroy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital & Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Division of Ophthalmology and Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michel Michaelides
- Moorfields Eye Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Camiel J F Boon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Iyer V, Enthoven CA, van Dommelen P, van Samkar A, Groenewoud JH, Jaddoe VVW, Reijneveld SA, Klaver CCW. Rates of spectacle wear in early childhood in the Netherlands. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:409. [PMID: 35820880 PMCID: PMC9275042 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03467-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Refractive errors are relatively common all around the world. In particular, early onset myopia is associated with a significant burden in later life. Little is known about refractive errors in preschool children. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of spectacle wear, visual acuity and refractive errors in young Dutch children. Methods We analyzed data of three prospective population-based studies: 99,660 3- to 5-year-olds undergoing vision screening at preventive child healthcare organizations, 6934 6-year-olds from the Generation R study, and 2974 7-year-olds from the RAMSES study. Visual acuity was measured with Landolt-C or LEA charts, spectacle wear was assessed, and refractive errors at age 6 and 7 were measured with cycloplegic refraction. Results The prevalence of spectacle wear ranged from 1.5 to 11.8% between 3 to 7 years with no significant gender differences. Among children with spectacle wear at 6 years (N = 583) and 7 years (N = 350) 29.8 and 34.6% had myopia respectively, of which 21.1 and 21.6% combined with astigmatism; 19.6 and 6.8% had hyperopia, 37.2 and 11.1% hyperopia and astigmatism, and 12.5 and 32.7% astigmatism only. Conclusions Spectacle wear in European children starts early in preschool and increases to a relatively frequent visual aid at school age. Advocating early detection and monitoring of refraction errors is warranted in order to prevent visual morbidities later in life. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12887-022-03467-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasanthi Iyer
- Department of Child Health, TNO, PO Box 3005, Leiden, 2301DA, The Netherlands
| | - Clair A Enthoven
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Postbus 2040, Rotterdam, 3000CA, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Postbus 2040, Rotterdam, 3000CA, The Netherlands.,The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Postbus 2040, Rotterdam, 3000CA, The Netherlands
| | - Paula van Dommelen
- Department of Child Health, TNO, PO Box 3005, Leiden, 2301DA, The Netherlands
| | - Ashwin van Samkar
- Resident in Elderly Medicine, Omring, Azalealaan 18, Lutjebroek, 1614SN, The Netherlands
| | | | - Vincent V W Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Postbus 2040, Rotterdam, 3000CA, The Netherlands
| | - Sijmen A Reijneveld
- Department of Child Health, TNO, PO Box 3005, Leiden, 2301DA, The Netherlands.,Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Postbus 30.001, Groningen, 9700RB, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Postbus 2040, Rotterdam, 3000CA, The Netherlands. .,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Postbus 2040, Rotterdam, 3000CA, The Netherlands. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Radboudumc, Postbus 9101, Nijmegen, 6500HB, The Netherlands. .,Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Mittlere Street 91, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
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35
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Thee EF, Colijn JM, Cougnard-Grégoire A, Meester-Smoor MA, Verzijden T, Hoyng CB, Fauser S, Hense HW, Silva R, Creuzot-Garcher C, Ueffing M, Delcourt C, den Hollander AI, Klaver CCW. The Phenotypic Course of Age-Related Macular Degeneration for ARMS2/HTRA1: The EYE-RISK Consortium. Ophthalmology 2022; 129:752-764. [PMID: 35240203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2022.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Age-related maculopathy susceptibility 2 (ARMS2) is considered the most enigmatic of the genes for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We investigated the phenotypic course and spectrum of AMD for the risk haplotype at the ARMS2 and high-temperature requirement A serine peptidase 1 (HTRA1) locus in a large European consortium. DESIGN Pooled analysis of 4 case-control and 6 cohort studies. PARTICIPANTS Individuals (N = 17 204) aged 55 years or older participating in the European Eye Epidemiology consortium. METHODS Age-related macular degeneration features and macular thickness were determined on multimodal images; data on genetics and phenotype were harmonized. Risks of AMD features for rs3750486 genotypes at the ARMS2/HTRA1 locus were determined by logistic regression and were compared with a genetic risk score (GRS) of 19 variants at the complement pathway. Lifetime risks were estimated with Kaplan-Meier analyses in population-based cohorts. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Age-related macular degeneration features and stage. RESULTS Of 2068 individuals with late AMD, 64.7% carried the ARMS2/HTRA1 risk allele. For homozygous carriers, the odds ratio (OR) of geographic atrophy was 8.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.5-11.4), of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) was 11.2 (95% CI, 9.4-13.3), and of mixed late AMD was 12.2 (95% CI, 7.3-20.6). Cumulative lifetime risk of late AMD ranged from 4.4% for carriers of the nonrisk genotype to 9.4% and 26.8% for heterozygous and homozygous carriers. The latter received the diagnosis of late AMD 9.6 years (95% CI, 8.0-11.2) earlier than carriers of the nonrisk genotype. The risk haplotype was not associated with hard or soft drusen < 125 μm (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 0.9-1.7), but risks increased significantly for soft drusen ≥ 125 μm (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.5-3.0), up to an OR of 7.2 (95% CI, 3.8-13.8) for reticular pseudodrusen. Compared with persons with a high GRS for complement, homozygous carriers of ARMS2/HTRA1 showed a higher risk of CNV (OR, 4.1; 95% CI, 3.2-5.4); risks of other characteristics were not different. CONCLUSIONS Carriers of the risk haplotype at ARMS2/HTRA1 have a particularly high risk of late AMD at a relatively early age. Data suggest that risk variants at ARMS2/HTRA1 act as a strong catalyst of progression once early signs are present. The phenotypic spectrum resembles that of complement genes, only with higher risks of CNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric F Thee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna M Colijn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Audrey Cougnard-Grégoire
- UMR 1219, Team LEHA, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Inserm, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Magda A Meester-Smoor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timo Verzijden
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carel B Hoyng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sascha Fauser
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Werner Hense
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Rufino Silva
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Ophthalmology, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, Coimbra, Portugal; Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Catherine Creuzot-Garcher
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Dijon, Eye and Nutrition Research Group, INRAe, Dijon, France
| | - Marius Ueffing
- Centre for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cécile Delcourt
- UMR 1219, Team LEHA, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Inserm, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Anneke I den Hollander
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Guggenheim JA, Clark R, Cui J, Terry L, Patasova K, Haarman AEG, Musolf AM, Verhoeven VJM, Klaver CCW, Bailey-Wilson JE, Hysi PG, Williams C. Whole exome sequence analysis in 51 624 participants identifies novel genes and variants associated with refractive error and myopia. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:1909-1919. [PMID: 35022715 PMCID: PMC9169456 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Refractive errors are associated with a range of pathological conditions, such as myopic maculopathy and glaucoma, and are highly heritable. Studies of missense and putative loss of function (pLOF) variants identified via whole exome sequencing (WES) offer the prospect of directly implicating potentially causative disease genes. We performed a genome-wide association study for refractive error in 51 624 unrelated adults, of European ancestry, aged 40-69 years from the UK and genotyped using WES. After testing 29 179 pLOF and 495 263 missense variants, 1 pLOF and 18 missense variants in 14 distinct genomic regions were taken forward for fine-mapping analysis. This yielded 19 putative causal variants of which 18 had a posterior inclusion probability >0.5. Of the 19 putative causal variants, 12 were novel discoveries. Specific variants were associated with a more myopic refractive error, while others were associated with a more hyperopic refractive error. Association with age of onset of spectacle wear (AOSW) was examined in an independent validation sample (38 100 early AOSW cases and 74 243 controls). Of 11 novel variants that could be tested, 8 (73%) showed evidence of association with AOSW status. This work identified COL4A4 and ATM as novel candidate genes associated with refractive error. In addition, novel putative causal variants were identified in the genes RASGEF1, ARMS2, BMP4, SIX6, GSDMA, GNGT2, ZNF652 and CRX. Despite these successes, the study also highlighted the limitations of community-based WES studies compared with high myopia case-control WES studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A Guggenheim
- School of Optometry & Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Rosie Clark
- School of Optometry & Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Jiangtian Cui
- School of Optometry & Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Louise Terry
- School of Optometry & Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Karina Patasova
- Section of Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, WC2R 2LS, UK
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Annechien E G Haarman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center GD, 3015GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center GD, 3015GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anthony M Musolf
- Statistical Genetics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, Nation Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Virginie J M Verhoeven
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center GD, 3015GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center GD, 3015GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center GD, 3015GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center GD, 3015GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joan E Bailey-Wilson
- Statistical Genetics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, Nation Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Pirro G Hysi
- Section of Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, WC2R 2LS, UK
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Cathy Williams
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1NU, UK
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Vergroesen JE, Thee EF, Ahmadizar F, van Duijn CM, Stricker BH, Kavousi M, Klaver CCW, Ramdas WD. Association of Diabetes Medication With Open-Angle Glaucoma, Age-Related Macular Degeneration, and Cataract in the Rotterdam Study. JAMA Ophthalmol 2022; 140:674-681. [PMID: 35587864 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2022.1435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Importance Recent studies suggest that the diabetes drug metformin has a protective effect on open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). However, studies have not addressed the critical issue of confounding by indication, and associations have not been evaluated in a large prospective cohort. Objective To determine the association between diabetes medication and the common eye diseases OAG, AMD, and cataract and to evaluate their cumulative lifetime risks in a large cohort study. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study included participants from 3 independent cohorts from the prospective, population-based Rotterdam Study between April 23, 1990, and June 25, 2014. Participants were monitored for incident eye diseases (OAG, AMD, cataract) and had baseline measurements of serum glucose. Data on diabetes medication use and data from ophthalmologic examinations were gathered. Exposures Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the diabetes medications metformin, insulin, and sulfonylurea derivatives. Main Outcomes and Measures Diagnosis and cumulative lifetime risk of OAG, AMD, and cataract. Results This study included 11 260 participants (mean [SD] age, 65.1 [9.8]; 6610 women [58.7%]). T2D was diagnosed in 2406 participants (28.4%), OAG was diagnosed in 324 of 7394 participants (4.4%), AMD was diagnosed in 1935 of 10 993 participants (17.6%), and cataract was diagnosed in 4203 of 11 260 participants (37.3%). Untreated T2D was associated with a higher risk of OAG (odds ratio [OR], 1.50; 95% CI, 1.06-2.13; P = .02), AMD (OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.11-1.64; P = .003), and cataract (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.39-1.92; P < .001). T2D treated with metformin was associated with a lower risk of OAG (OR, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.08-0.41; P < .001). Other diabetes medication (ie, insulin, sulfonylurea derivates) was associated with a lower risk of AMD (combined OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.18 to 0.55; P < .001). The cumulative lifetime risk of OAG was lower for individuals taking metformin (1.5%; 95% CI, 0.01%-3.1%) than for individuals without T2D (7.2%; 95% CI, 5.7%-8.7%); the lifetime risk of AMD was lower for individuals taking other diabetes medication (17.0%; 95% CI, 5.8%-26.8% vs 33.1%; 95% CI, 30.6%-35.6%). Conclusions and Relevance Results of this cohort study suggest that, although diabetes was clearly associated with cataract, diabetes medication was not. Treatment with metformin was associated with a lower risk of OAG, and other diabetes medication was associated with a lower risk of AMD. Proof of benefit would require interventional clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle E Vergroesen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric F Thee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,EyeNED Reading Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fariba Ahmadizar
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno H Stricker
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maryam Kavousi
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,EyeNED Reading Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wishal D Ramdas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Haarman AEG, Thiadens AAHJ, van Tienhoven M, Loudon SE, de Klein JEMMA, Brosens E, Polling JR, van der Schoot V, Bouman A, Kievit AJA, Hoefsloot LH, Klaver CCW, Verhoeven VJM. Whole exome sequencing of known eye genes reveals genetic causes for high myopia. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:3290-3298. [PMID: 35567543 PMCID: PMC9523556 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High myopia (refractive error ≤ -6 diopters (D)) is a heterogeneous condition, and without clear accompanying features it can be difficult to pinpoint a genetic cause. This observational study aimed to evaluate the utility of whole exome sequencing (WES) using an eye disorder gene panel in European patients with high myopia. Patients with high myopia were recruited by ophthalmologists and clinical geneticists. Clinical features were categorized into isolated high myopia, high myopia with other ocular involvement or with systemic involvement. WES was performed and an eye disorder gene panel of ~ 500 genes was evaluated. 113 patients with high myopia (mean (SD) refractive error - 11.8D (5.2) were included. Of these, 53% were children younger than 12 years of age (53%), 13.3% were 12-18 years, and 34% were adults (aged over 18 years). 23 out of 113 patients (20%) received a genetic diagnosis of which 11 patients displayed additional ocular or systemic involvement. Pathogenic variants were identified in retinal dystrophy genes (e.g.GUCY2D, CACNA1F), connective tissue disease genes (e.g. COL18A1, COL2A1), non-syndromic high myopia genes (ARR3), ocular development genes (e.g. PAX6) and other genes (ASPH, CNNM4). In 20% of our high myopic study population WES using an eye gene panel enabled us to diagnose the genetic cause for this disorder. Eye genes known to cause retinal dystrophy, developmental or syndromic disorders can cause high myopia without apparent clinical features of other pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jan Roelof Polling
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC.,Department of Orthoptics, School of Applied Science Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC.,Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Switzerland
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Quint WH, Tadema KCD, Crins JHC, Kokke NCCJ, Meester-Smoor MA, Willemsen R, Klaver CCW, Iglesias AI. Zebrafish: An In Vivo Screening Model to Study Ocular Phenotypes. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:17. [PMID: 35285860 PMCID: PMC8934544 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.3.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To establish a set of assays that allow the in vivo screening of candidate genes for ocular diseases in zebrafish, with an emphasis on refractive error. Methods Our pipeline includes the most relevant ocular screening measurements to assess (1) ocular biometry using spectral domain optical coherence tomography, (2) refractive status using an eccentric photorefractor, (3) intraocular pressure by tonometry, and (4) optokinetic response to study visual capability in zebrafish. To validate our pipeline and to demonstrate the potential of zebrafish as a valid animal model, we chose two well-characterized genes with an ocular phenotype (PRSS56 and FBN1) and generated two mutant zebrafish lines (prss56 and fbn1). Mutant fish were assessed at 2, 4, and 6 months after fertilization. Results With the proposed phenotyping pipeline, we showed that ocular biometry, refractive status, intraocular pressure, and visual function can be studied in zebrafish. In the prss56 mutant, the pipeline revealed a dramatic decrease in axial length, mainly owing to a decreased vitreous chamber depth, whereas in the fbn1 mutant, ectopia lentis was the most distinctive ocular phenotype observed. Tonometry in both mutant lines showed an increase in intraocular pressure. Conclusions The proposed pipeline was applied successfully in zebrafish and can be used for future genetic screenings of candidate genes. While validating our pipeline, we found a close resemblance between the ocular manifestations in the zebrafish mutants and patients harboring mutations in PRSS56 and FBN1. Our results support the validity of our pipeline and highlight the potential of zebrafish as an animal model for in vivo screening of candidate genes for ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim H Quint
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kirke C D Tadema
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johan H C Crins
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nina C C J Kokke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Magda A Meester-Smoor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rob Willemsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adriana I Iglesias
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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40
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van der Sande E, Haarman AEG, Quint WH, Tadema KCD, Meester-Smoor MA, Kamermans M, De Zeeuw CI, Klaver CCW, Winkelman BHJ, Iglesias AI. The Role of GJD2(Cx36) in Refractive Error Development. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:5. [PMID: 35262731 PMCID: PMC8934558 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.3.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Refractive errors are common eye disorders characterized by a mismatch between the focal power of the eye and its axial length. An increased axial length is a common cause of the refractive error myopia (nearsightedness). The substantial increase in myopia prevalence over the last decades has raised public health concerns because myopia can lead to severe ocular complications later in life. Genomewide association studies (GWAS) have made considerable contributions to the understanding of the genetic architecture of refractive errors. Among the hundreds of genetic variants identified, common variants near the gap junction delta-2 (GJD2) gene have consistently been reported as one of the top hits. GJD2 encodes the connexin 36 (Cx36) protein, which forms gap junction channels and is highly expressed in the neural retina. In this review, we provide current evidence that links GJD2(Cx36) to the development of myopia. We summarize the gap junctional communication in the eye and the specific role of GJD2(Cx36) in retinal processing of visual signals. Finally, we discuss the pathways involving dopamine and gap junction phosphorylation and coupling as potential mechanisms that may explain the role of GJD2(Cx36) in refractive error development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie van der Sande
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Royal Dutch Academy of Art & Science (KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annechien E. G. Haarman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim H. Quint
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kirke C. D. Tadema
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Magda A. Meester-Smoor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Kamermans
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Royal Dutch Academy of Art & Science (KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Physics and Biomedical Photonics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chris I. De Zeeuw
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Royal Dutch Academy of Art & Science (KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline C. W. Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Beerend H. J. Winkelman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Royal Dutch Academy of Art & Science (KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriana I. Iglesias
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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41
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Fani L, Roa Dueñas O, Bos D, Vernooij MW, Klaver CCW, Ikram MK, Peeters RP, Ikram MA, Chaker L. Thyroid Status and Brain Circulation: The Rotterdam Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e1293-e1302. [PMID: 34634119 PMCID: PMC8851919 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Whether thyroid dysfunction is related to altered brain circulation in the general population remains unknown. OBJECTIVE We determined the association of thyroid hormones with different markers of brain circulation within community-dwelling elderly people. METHODS This was a population-based study of 3 subcohorts of the Rotterdam Study, starting in 1989, 2000, and 2006. A total of 5142 participants (mean age, 63.8 years; 55.4% women), underwent venipuncture to measure serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4). Between 2005 and 2015, all participants underwent phase-contrast brain magnetic resonance imaging to assess global brain perfusion (mL of blood flow/100 mL of brain/minute). Arteriolar retinal calibers were assessed using digitized images of stereoscopic fundus color transparencies in 3105 participants as markers of microcirculation. We investigated associations of TSH, FT4 with brain circulation measures using (non)linear regression models. RESULTS FT4 (in pmol/L) levels had an inverse U-shaped association with global brain perfusion, such that high and low levels of FT4 were associated with lower global brain perfusion than middle levels of FT4. The difference in global brain perfusion between high FT4 levels (25 pmol/L) and middle FT4 levels (FT4 = 15 pmol/L; P nonlinearity = .002) was up to -2.44 mL (95% CI -4.31; -0.56). Higher and lower levels of FT4, compared with middle FT4 levels, were associated with arteriolar retinal vessels (mean difference up to -2.46 µm, 95% CI -4.98; 0.05 for lower FT4). CONCLUSION These results suggest that thyroid dysfunction could lead to brain diseases such as stroke or dementia through suboptimal brain circulation that is potentially modifiable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Fani
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar Roa Dueñas
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Bos
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, The Netherlands
| | - Meike W Vernooij
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, the Netherlands
| | - M Kamran Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, The Netherlands
| | - Robin P Peeters
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, The Netherlands
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Layal Chaker
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: Layal Chaker, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, PO Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Nguyen XTA, Talib M, van Schooneveld MJ, Wijnholds J, van Genderen MM, Schalij-Delfos NE, Klaver CCW, Talsma HE, Fiocco M, Florijn RJ, Ten Brink JB, Cremers FPM, Meester-Smoor MA, van den Born LI, Hoyng CB, Thiadens AAHJ, Bergen AA, Boon CJF. CRB1-Associated Retinal Dystrophies: A Prospective Natural History Study in Anticipation of Future Clinical Trials. Am J Ophthalmol 2022; 234:37-48. [PMID: 34320374 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2021.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the natural disease course of retinal dystrophies associated with crumbs cell polarity complex component 1 (CRB1) and identify clinical end points for future clinical trials. DESIGN Single-center, prospective case series. METHODS An investigator-initiated nationwide collaborative study that included 22 patients with CRB1-associated retinal dystrophies. Patients underwent ophthalmic assessment at baseline and 2 years after baseline. Clinical examination included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) using Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study charts, Goldmann kinetic perimetry (V4e isopter seeing retinal areas), microperimetry, full-field electroretinography, full-field stimulus threshold (FST), fundus photography, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, and fundus autofluorescence imaging. RESULTS Based on genetic, clinical, and electrophysiological data, patients were diagnosed with retinitis pigmentosa (19 [86%]), cone-rod dystrophy (2 [9%]), or isolated macular dystrophy (1 [5%]). Analysis of the entire cohort at 2 years showed no significant changes in BCVA (P = .069) or V4e isopter seeing retinal areas (P = .616), although signs of clinical progression were present in individual patients. Macular sensitivity measured on microperimetry revealed a significant reduction at the 2-year follow-up (P < .001). FST responses were measurable in patients with nonrecordable electroretinograms. On average, FST responses remained stable during follow-up. CONCLUSION In CRB1-associated retinal dystrophies, visual acuity and visual field measures remain relatively stable over the course of 2 years. Microperimetry showed a significant decrease in retinal sensitivity during follow-up and may be a more sensitive progression marker. Retinal sensitivity on microperimetry may serve as a functional clinical end point in future human treatment trials for CRB1-associated retinal dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Thanh-An Nguyen
- From the Department of Ophthalmology (X.-T.-A.N., M.T., J.W., N.E.S.-D., H.E.T., C.J.F.B.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mays Talib
- From the Department of Ophthalmology (X.-T.-A.N., M.T., J.W., N.E.S.-D., H.E.T., C.J.F.B.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mary J van Schooneveld
- Department of Ophthalmology (M.J.v.S., C.J.F.B.), Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Wijnholds
- From the Department of Ophthalmology (X.-T.-A.N., M.T., J.W., N.E.S.-D., H.E.T., C.J.F.B.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN-KNAW) (J.W., A.A.B.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maria M van Genderen
- Bartiméus Diagnostic Centre for Complex Visual Disorders (M.M.v.G., H.E.T.), Zeist, the Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology (M.M.v.G.), University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nicoline E Schalij-Delfos
- From the Department of Ophthalmology (X.-T.-A.N., M.T., J.W., N.E.S.-D., H.E.T., C.J.F.B.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology (C.C.W.K., M.A.M.-S., A.A.H.J.T.); Department of Epidemiology (C.C.W.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology (C.C.W.K., C.B.H.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Institute for Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology (C.C.W.K.), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Herman E Talsma
- From the Department of Ophthalmology (X.-T.-A.N., M.T., J.W., N.E.S.-D., H.E.T., C.J.F.B.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Bartiméus Diagnostic Centre for Complex Visual Disorders (M.M.v.G., H.E.T.), Zeist, the Netherlands
| | - Marta Fiocco
- Mathematical Institute (M.F.), and Department of Biomedical Data Sciences (M.F.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ralph J Florijn
- Department of Clinical Genetics (R.J.F., J.B.t.B., A.A.B.), Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jacoline B Ten Brink
- Department of Clinical Genetics (R.J.F., J.B.t.B., A.A.B.), Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frans P M Cremers
- Department of Human Genetics and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour (F.P.M.C.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Carel B Hoyng
- Department of Ophthalmology (C.C.W.K., C.B.H.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Arthur A Bergen
- The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN-KNAW) (J.W., A.A.B.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.J.F., J.B.t.B., A.A.B.), Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Camiel J F Boon
- From the Department of Ophthalmology (X.-T.-A.N., M.T., J.W., N.E.S.-D., H.E.T., C.J.F.B.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology (M.J.v.S., C.J.F.B.), Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik P N Scholl
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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van Mazijk R, Haarman AEG, Hoefsloot LH, Polling JR, van Tienhoven M, Klaver CCW, Verhoeven VJM, Loudon SE, Thiadens AAHJ, Kievit AJA. Early onset X-linked female limited high myopia in three multigenerational families caused by novel mutations in the ARR3 gene. Hum Mutat 2022; 43:380-388. [PMID: 35001458 PMCID: PMC9303208 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the clinical spectrum and genetic background of high myopia caused by mutations in the ARR3 gene. We performed an observational case series of three multigenerational families with high myopia (SER≤-6D), from the departments of Clinical Genetics and Ophthalmology of a tertiary Dutch hospital. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) with a vision-related gene panel was performed, followed by a full open exome sequencing. We identified three Caucasian families with high myopia caused by three different pathogenic variants in the ARR3 gene (c.214C>T, p.Arg72*; c.767+1G>A; p.?; c.848delG, p.(Gly283fs)). Myopia was characterized by a high severity (<-8D), an early onset (<6 years), progressive nature, and a moderate to bad atropine treatment response. Remarkably, a female limited inheritance pattern was present in all three families accordant with previous reports. The frequency of a pathogenic variant in the ARR3 gene in our diagnostic WES cohort was 5%. To conclude, we identified three families with early onset, therapy-resistant, high myopia with a female-limited inheritance pattern, caused by a mutation in the ARR3 gene. The singular mode of inheritance might be explained by metabolic interference due to X-inactivation. Identification of this type of high myopia will improve prompt myopia treatment, monitoring, and genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph van Mazijk
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annechien E G Haarman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lies H Hoefsloot
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan R Polling
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Virginie J M Verhoeven
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoukje E Loudon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anneke J A Kievit
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Patasova K, Haarman AEG, Musolf AM, Mahroo OA, Rahi JS, Falchi M, Verhoeven VJM, Bailey-Wilson JE, Klaver CCW, Duggal P, Klein A, Guggenheim JA, Hammond CJ, Hysi PG. Association analyses of rare variants identify two genes associated with refractive error. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272379. [PMID: 36137074 PMCID: PMC9499304 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Genetic variants identified through population-based genome-wide studies are generally of high frequency, exerting their action in the central part of the refractive error spectrum. However, the power to identify associations with variants of lower minor allele frequency is greatly reduced, requiring considerable sample sizes. Here we aim to assess the impact of rare variants on genetic variation of refractive errors in a very large general population cohort. METHODS Genetic association analyses of non-cyclopaedic autorefraction calculated as mean spherical equivalent (SPHE) used whole-exome sequence genotypic information from 50,893 unrelated participants in the UK Biobank of European ancestry. Gene-based analyses tested for association with SPHE using an optimised SNP-set kernel association test (SKAT-O) restricted to rare variants (minor allele frequency < 1%) within protein-coding regions of the genome. All models were adjusted for age, sex and common lead variants within the same locus reported by previous genome-wide association studies. Potentially causal markers driving association at significant loci were elucidated using sensitivity analyses by sequentially dropping the most associated variants from gene-based analyses. RESULTS We found strong statistical evidence for association of SPHE with the SIX6 (p-value = 2.15 x 10-10, or Bonferroni-Corrected p = 4.41x10-06) and the CRX gene (p-value = 6.65 x 10-08, or Bonferroni-Corrected p = 0.001). The SIX6 gene codes for a transcription factor believed to be critical to the eye, retina and optic disc development and morphology, while CRX regulates photoreceptor specification and expression of over 700 genes in the retina. These novel associations suggest an important role of genes involved in eye morphogenesis in refractive error. CONCLUSION The results of our study support previous research highlighting the importance of rare variants to the genetic risk of refractive error. We explain some of the origins of the genetic signals seen in GWAS but also report for the first time a completely novel association with the CRX gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Patasova
- Department of Ophthalmology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Twins Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Annechien E. G. Haarman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anthony M. Musolf
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Omar A. Mahroo
- Department of Ophthalmology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Twins Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and the UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Ophthalmology, St Thomas’ Hospital, Guys and St ’Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jugnoo S. Rahi
- UCL Great Ormond Street Hospital Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
- Ulverscroft Vision Research Group, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Falchi
- Department of Twins Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Virginie J. M. Verhoeven
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joan E. Bailey-Wilson
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Caroline C. W. Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Priya Duggal
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Alison Klein
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jeremy A. Guggenheim
- School of Optometry & Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Chris J. Hammond
- Department of Ophthalmology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Twins Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pirro G. Hysi
- Department of Ophthalmology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Twins Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Great Ormond Street Hospital Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Haarman AEG, Tedja MS, Brussee C, Enthoven CA, van Rijn GA, Vingerling JR, Keunen JEE, Boon CJF, Geerards AJM, Luyten GPM, Verhoeven VJM, Klaver CCW. Prevalence of Myopic Macular Features in Dutch Individuals of European Ancestry With High Myopia. JAMA Ophthalmol 2021; 140:115-123. [PMID: 34913968 PMCID: PMC8678902 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2021.5346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Question What is the prevalence of myopic macular degeneration in Dutch individuals of European ancestry with high myopia? Findings In this cross-sectional study of 626 individuals with European ancestry with high myopia, the prevalence of myopic macular degeneration was 25.9% and increased with older age, lower spherical equivalent of refractive error, and higher axial length. Meaning Myopic retinal features were frequent in this highly myopic study population, but not different than patients of Asian ancestry with similar risk profiles. Importance High myopia incidence and prevalence is increasing worldwide, and the visual burden caused by myopia is expected to rise accordingly. Studies investigating the occurrence of myopic complications in individuals of European ancestry with high myopia are scarce, hampering insights into the frequency of myopic retinal complications in European individuals and their visual burden. Objective To assess the frequency of myopic macular features in individuals of European ancestry with high myopia. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional analysis of the Dutch Myopia Study (MYST) and individuals with high myopia from the Rotterdam Study (RS) included 626 patients with high myopia (spherical equivalent of refractive error [SER] ≤−6 diopters [D] or axial length [AL] ≥26 mm) who underwent an extensive ophthalmic examination including multimodal retinal imaging. In addition to this combination of a population-based cohort study and mix-based high myopia study, a systematic literature review was also performed to compare findings with studies of individuals of Asian ancestry. Exposures High myopia, age, and AL. Main Outcomes and Measures Frequency of myopic macular and optic disc features: tessellated fundus, myopic macular degeneration (MMD), staphyloma, peripapillary intrachoroidal cavitation, peripapillary atrophy (PPA), and “plus” lesions (choroidal neovascularization, Fuchs spot, and lacquer cracks). Results The mean (SD) SER of the combined study population (MYST and RS) was −9.9 (3.2) D; the mean (SD) age was 51.4 (15.1) years, and 387 (61.8%) were women. The prevalence of MMD was 25.9% and increased with older age (P for trend <.001), lower SER (odds ratio [OR], 0.70; 95% CI, 0.65-0.76; P < .001), and higher AL (OR, 2.53; 95% CI, 2.13-3.06; P < .001). Choroidal neovascularization or Fuchs spot was present in 2.7% (n = 17), both lesions in 0.3% (n = 2), and lacquer cracks in 1.4% (n = 9). Staphyloma, PPA, and MMD were highly prevalent in visual impaired and blind eyes (frequency was 73.9% [20 of 27], 90.5% [19 of 21], and 63.0% [17 of 27] of unilateral blind eyes for MMD, staphyloma, and PPA, respectively). Seven previous studies in Asian populations reported a variable MMD frequency ranging from 8.3% to 64%, but frequencies were similar for comparable risk profiles based on age and SER. Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study of a highly myopic Dutch population of European ancestry, myopic retinal features were frequent; were associated with age, SER, and AL; and occurred in all visually severely impaired eyes. The absence of treatment options for most of these retinal complications emphasizes the need for effective strategies to prevent high myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annechien E G Haarman
- Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Epidemiology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Milly S Tedja
- Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Epidemiology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Corina Brussee
- Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Epidemiology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Clair A Enthoven
- Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Epidemiology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gwyneth A van Rijn
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jan E E Keunen
- Radboudumc, Department of Ophthalmology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Camiel J F Boon
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Amsterdam University Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Gré P M Luyten
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Virginie J M Verhoeven
- Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Epidemiology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Epidemiology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Radboudumc, Department of Ophthalmology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
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Ravenstijn M, van Dijk EHC, Haarman AEG, Kaden TR, Vermeer KA, Boon CJF, Yannuzzi LA, Klaver CCW, Yzer S. MYOPIC PRESENTATION OF CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY. Retina 2021; 41:2472-2478. [PMID: 34483315 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000003297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To increase insight into the myopic presentation of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) by comparing a large group of myopic patients with CSC with reference groups with only one of the diagnoses. METHODS Myopic patients with CSC (spherical equivalent ≤-3D, n = 46), emmetropic patients with CSC (spherical equivalent -0.5 to 0.5 D, n = 83), and myopic, non-CSC patients (n = 50) were included in this multicenter cross-sectional study. Disease characteristics and imaging parameters, such as subfoveal choroidal thickness and indocyanine green angiography patterns, were compared between cases and reference groups. RESULTS In myopic patients with CSC, median subfoveal choroidal thickness (286 µm [IQR 226-372 µm]) was significantly thicker than subfoveal choroidal thickness in myopic, non-CSC patients (200 µm [IQR 152-228 µm], P < 0.001) but thinner than emmetropic patients with CSC (452 µm [IQR 342-538 µm], P < 0.001). They also had pachyvessels in 70% of the eyes comparable with emmetropic CSC (76%, P = 0.70). Choroidal hyperpermeability was frequently present on indocyanine green angiography in both myopic and emmetropic CSC eyes. Need for treatment, treatment success, and recurrence rate were not significantly different between CSC groups. CONCLUSION Myopic CSC presents with similar imaging and clinical characteristics as emmetropic CSC, apart from their thinner choroids. Keeping in mind the structural changes of myopia, other imaging characteristics could aid the diagnostic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Ravenstijn
- Rotterdam Ophthalmic Institute, the Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elon H C van Dijk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Annechien E G Haarman
- Departments of Ophthalmology, and
- Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Talia R Kaden
- Vitreous Retina Macula Consultants of New York, New York, New York
| | - Koenraad A Vermeer
- Rotterdam Ophthalmic Institute, the Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Camiel J F Boon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Departments of Ophthalmology, and
- Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; and
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Suzanne Yzer
- Rotterdam Ophthalmic Institute, the Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; and
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Enthoven CA, Mölenberg FJM, Tideman JWL, Polling JR, Labrecque JA, Raat H, van Lenthe FJ, Klaver CCW. Physical Activity Spaces Not Effective against Socioeconomic Inequalities in Myopia Incidence: The Generation R Study. Optom Vis Sci 2021; 98:1371-1378. [PMID: 34759237 PMCID: PMC8677612 DOI: 10.1097/opx.0000000000001809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Our findings show that non-Dutch background, lower maternal education, and lower net household income level may be new risk factors for myopia development in the Netherlands. Newly introduced physical activity spaces may not be effective enough in increasing outdoor exposure in children to reduce eye growth. PURPOSE The aims of this study were to evaluate socioeconomic inequalities in myopia incidence, eye growth, outdoor exposure, and computer use and to investigate if newly introduced physical activity spaces can reduce eye growth in school-aged children. METHODS Participants (N = 2643) from the Dutch population-based birth cohort Generation R were examined at ages 6 and 9 years. Socioeconomic inequalities in myopia incidence, eye growth, and lifestyle were determined using regression analyses. Information on physical activity spaces located in Rotterdam was obtained. Differences in eye growth between those who became exposed to new physical activity spaces (n = 230) and those nonexposed (n = 1866) were evaluated with individual-level fixed-effects models. RESULTS Myopia prevalence was 2.2% at age 6 years and 12.2% at age 9 years. Outdoor exposure was 11.4 h/wk at age 6 years and 7.4 h/wk at age 9 years. Computer use was 2.1 h/wk at age 6 years and 5.2 h/wk at age 9 years. Myopia incidence was higher in children with non-Dutch background, and families with lower household income and lower maternal education (odds ratio [OR], 1.081 [95% confidence interval, 1.052 to 1.112]; OR, 1.035 [95% confidence interval, 1.008 to 1.063]; OR, 1.028 [95% confidence interval, 1.001 to 1.055], respectively). Children living <600 m of a physical activity space did not have increased outdoor exposure, except those from families with lower maternal education (β = 1.33 h/wk; 95% confidence interval, 0.15 to 2.51 h/wk). Newly introduced physical activity spaces were not associated with reduction of eye growth. CONCLUSIONS Children from socioeconomically disadvantaged families became more often myopic than those from socioeconomically advantaged families. We did not find evidence that physical activity spaces protect against myopia for the population at large, but subgroups may benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clair A. Enthoven
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Famke J. M. Mölenberg
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J. Willem L. Tideman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Roelof Polling
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Orthoptics and Optometry, University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jeremy A. Labrecque
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hein Raat
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frank J. van Lenthe
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geoscience, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Caroline C. W. Klaver
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Gelderland, the Netherlands
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
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Fadaie Z, Whelan L, Ben-Yosef T, Dockery A, Corradi Z, Gilissen C, Haer-Wigman L, Corominas J, Astuti GDN, de Rooij L, van den Born LI, Klaver CCW, Hoyng CB, Wynne N, Duignan ES, Kenna PF, Cremers FPM, Farrar GJ, Roosing S. Whole genome sequencing and in vitro splice assays reveal genetic causes for inherited retinal diseases. NPJ Genom Med 2021; 6:97. [PMID: 34795310 PMCID: PMC8602293 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-021-00261-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are a major cause of visual impairment. These clinically heterogeneous disorders are caused by pathogenic variants in more than 270 genes. As 30-40% of cases remain genetically unexplained following conventional genetic testing, we aimed to obtain a genetic diagnosis in an IRD cohort in which the genetic cause was not found using whole-exome sequencing or targeted capture sequencing. We performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to identify causative variants in 100 unresolved cases. After initial prioritization, we performed an in-depth interrogation of all noncoding and structural variants in genes when one candidate variant was detected. In addition, functional analysis of putative splice-altering variants was performed using in vitro splice assays. We identified the genetic cause of the disease in 24 patients. Causative coding variants were observed in genes such as ATXN7, CEP78, EYS, FAM161A, and HGSNAT. Gene disrupting structural variants were also detected in ATXN7, PRPF31, and RPGRIP1. In 14 monoallelic cases, we prioritized candidate noncanonical splice sites or deep-intronic variants that were predicted to disrupt the splicing process based on in silico analyses. Of these, seven cases were resolved as they carried pathogenic splice defects. WGS is a powerful tool to identify causative variants residing outside coding regions or heterozygous structural variants. This approach was most efficient in cases with a distinct clinical diagnosis. In addition, in vitro splice assays provide important evidence of the pathogenicity of rare variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Fadaie
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Whelan
- The School of Genetics and Microbiology, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tamar Ben-Yosef
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Adrian Dockery
- The School of Genetics and Microbiology, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Zelia Corradi
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Gilissen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lonneke Haer-Wigman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jordi Corominas
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Galuh D N Astuti
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Division of Human Genetics, Center for Biomedical Research (CEBIOR), Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Laura de Rooij
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carel B Hoyng
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Niamh Wynne
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emma S Duignan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul F Kenna
- The School of Genetics and Microbiology, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Frans P M Cremers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - G Jane Farrar
- The School of Genetics and Microbiology, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Susanne Roosing
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Knol MJ, Pawlak MA, Lamballais S, Terzikhan N, Hofer E, Xiong Z, Klaver CCW, Pirpamer L, Vernooij MW, Ikram MA, Schmidt R, Kayser M, Evans TE, Adams HHH. Genetic architecture of orbital telorism. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 31:1531-1543. [PMID: 34791242 PMCID: PMC9071440 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The interocular distance, or orbital telorism, is a distinctive craniofacial trait that also serves as a clinically informative measure. While its extremes, hypo- and hypertelorism, have been linked to monogenic disorders and are often syndromic, little is known about the genetic determinants of interocular distance within the general population. We derived orbital telorism measures from cranial magnetic resonance imaging by calculating the distance between the eyeballs’ centre of gravity, which showed a good reproducibility with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.991 (95% confidence interval 0.985–0.994). Heritability estimates were 76% (standard error = 12%) with a family-based method (N = 364) and 39% (standard error = 2.4%) with a single nucleotide polymorphism-based method (N = 34 130) and were unaffected by adjustment for height (model II) and intracranial volume (model III) or head width (model IV). Genome-wide association studies in 34 130 European individuals identified 56 significantly associated genomic loci (P < 5 × 10−8) across four different models of which 46 were novel for facial morphology, and overall these findings replicated in an independent sample (N = 10 115) with telorism-related horizontal facial distance measures. Genes located nearby these 56 identified genetic loci were 4.9-fold enriched for Mendelian hypotelorism and hypertelorism genes, underlining their biological relevance. This study provides novel insights into the genetic architecture underlying interocular distance in particular, and the face in general, and explores its potential for applications in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Knol
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3015 CE, the Netherlands
| | - Mikolaj A Pawlak
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Disorders, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3015 CE, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Lamballais
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3015 CE, the Netherlands
| | - Natalie Terzikhan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3015 CE, the Netherlands
| | - Edith Hofer
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, 8036 Graz, Austria.,Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Ziyi Xiong
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3015 CE, the Netherlands.,Department of Genetic Identification, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3015 CE, the Netherlands
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3015 CE, the Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3015 CE, the Netherlands
| | - Lukas Pirpamer
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Meike W Vernooij
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3015 CE, the Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3015 CE, the Netherlands
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3015 CE, the Netherlands
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Manfred Kayser
- Department of Genetic Identification, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3015 CE, the Netherlands
| | - Tavia E Evans
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3015 CE, the Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3015 CE, the Netherlands
| | - Hieab H H Adams
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3015 CE, the Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3015 CE, the Netherlands
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