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Slim MA, Turgman O, van Vught LA, van der Poll T, Wiersinga WJ. Non-conventional immunomodulation in the management of sepsis. Eur J Intern Med 2024; 121:9-16. [PMID: 37919123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2023.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis remains a critical global health issue, demanding novel therapeutic strategies. Traditional immunomodulation treatments such as corticosteroids, specific modifiers of cytokines, complement or coagulation, growth factors or immunoglobulins, have so far fallen short. Meanwhile the number of studies investigating non-conventional immunomodulatory strategies is expanding. This review provides an overview of adjunctive treatments with herbal-based medicine, immunonutrition, vasopressors, sedative treatments and targeted temperature management, used to modulate the immune response in patients with sepsis. Herbal-based medicine, notably within traditional Chinese medicine, shows promise. Xuebijing injection and Shenfu injection exhibit anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory effects, and the potential to lower 28-day mortality in sepsis. Selenium supplementation has been reported to reduce the occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia among sepsis patients, but study results are conflicting. Likewise, the immune-suppressive effects of omega-3 fatty acids have been associated with improved clinical outcomes in sepsis. The immunomodulating properties of supportive treatments also gain interest. Vasopressors like norepinephrine exhibit dual dosage-dependent roles, potentially promoting both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects. Dexmedetomidine, a sedative, demonstrates anti-inflammatory properties, reducing sepsis mortality rates in some studies. Temperature management, particularly maintaining higher body temperature, has also been associated with improved outcomes in small scale human trials. In conclusion, emerging non-conventional immunomodulatory approaches, including herbal medicine, immunonutrition, and targeted supportive therapies, hold potential for sepsis treatment, but their possible implementation into everyday clinical practice necessitates further research and stringent clinical validation in different settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Slim
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - O Turgman
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - L A van Vught
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - T van der Poll
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W J Wiersinga
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Iizasa S, Nagao K, Tsuge K, Nagano Y, Yanagita T. Identification of genes regulated by lipids from seaweed Susabinori (Pyropia yezoensis) involved in the improvement of hepatic steatosis: Insights from RNA-Seq analysis in obese db/db mice. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295591. [PMID: 38085726 PMCID: PMC10715663 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is an early stage in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and can lead to the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a major cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality. Identification of dietary components that can alleviate hepatic steatosis is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies for NAFLD. Recently, we demonstrated the impact of lipids extracted from the marine red alga Susabinori (Pyropia yezoensis) in a murine model of type 2-diabete (db/db). We found that Susabinori lipids (SNL), abundant in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-containing polar lipids, protected against obesity-induced hepatic steatosis in db/db mice. To understand the specific genes or biological pathways underlying the effects of SNL, we conducted RNA-Seq analysis of the hepatic transcriptome. By performing comparative analysis of differentially expressed genes between normal mice and db/db mice consuming a control diet, as well as SNL-fed db/db mice, we identified the 15 SNL-dependent up-regulated genes that were down-regulated in db/db mice but up-regulated by SNL feeding. Gene ontology and pathway analysis on these 15 genes demonstrated a significant association with the metabolisms of arachidonic acid (AA) and linoleic acid (LA). Furthermore, we observed alterations in the expression levels of monoacylglycerol lipase (Magl) and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (Fabp4) in the SNL-fed db/db mice, both of which are implicated in AA and LA metabolism. Additionally, the livers of SNL-fed db/db mice exhibited reduced levels of AA and LA, but a high accumulation of EPA. In conclusion, the SNL diet might affect the metabolisms of AA and LA, which contribute to the improvement of hepatic steatosis. Our findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of SNL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Iizasa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Koji Nagao
- Department of Applied Biochemistry and Food Science, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | | | - Yukio Nagano
- Analytical Research Center for Experimental Sciences, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Teruyoshi Yanagita
- Department of Applied Biochemistry and Food Science, Saga University, Saga, Japan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Science, Nishikyushu University, Saga, Japan
- Saga Foods & Cosmetics Laboratory, Division of Research and Development Promotion, Saga Prefectural Regional Industry Support Center, Saga, Japan
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Duraisamy P, Ravi S, Krishnan M, Livya CM, Manikandan B, Raman T, Munusamy A, Ramar M. Scoparia dulcis and Indigofera tinctoria as potential herbal remedies against 7-ketocholesterol-induced pro-inflammatory mediators of macrophage polarization. J Herb Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2023.100652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Zou HY, Zhang HJ, Zhao YC, Li XY, Wang YM, Zhang TT, Xue CH. N-3 PUFA Deficiency Aggravates Streptozotocin-Induced Pancreatic Injury in Mice but Dietary Supplementation with DHA/EPA Protects the Pancreas via Suppressing Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21010039. [PMID: 36662212 PMCID: PMC9861647 DOI: 10.3390/md21010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) exert therapeutic potential for the preservation of functional β-cell mass. However, the effect of dietary n-3 PUFA deficiency on pancreatic injury and whether the supplementation of n-3 PUFA could prevent the development of pancreatic injury are still not clear. In the present study, an n-3 PUFA deficiency mouse model was established by feeding them with n-3 PUFA deficiency diets for 30 days. Results showed that n-3 PUFA deficiency aggravated streptozotocin (STZ)-induced pancreas injury by reducing the insulin level by 18.21% and the HOMA β-cell indices by 31.13% and the area of islet by 52.58% compared with the STZ group. Moreover, pre-intervention with DHA and EPA for 15 days could alleviate STZ-induced pancreas damage by increasing the insulin level by 55.26% and 44.33%, the HOMA β-cell indices by 118.81% and 157.26% and reversed the area of islet by 196.75% and 205.57% compared to the n-3 Def group, and the effects were significant compared to γ-linolenic acid (GLA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) treatment. The possible underlying mechanisms indicated that EPA and DHA significantly reduced the ration of n-6 PUFA to n-3 PUFA and then inhibited oxidative stress, inflammation and islet β-cell apoptosis levels in pancreas tissue. The results might provide insights into the prevention and alleviation of pancreas injury by dietary intervention with PUFAs and provide a theoretical basis for their application in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yu Zou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Hui-Juan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Ying-Cai Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Xiao-Yue Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Yu-Ming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Tian-Tian Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China
- Correspondence: (T.-T.Z.); (C.-H.X.)
| | - Chang-Hu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
- Correspondence: (T.-T.Z.); (C.-H.X.)
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Bahrampour N, Shiraseb F, Noori S, Clark CCT, Mirzaei K. Is there any putative mediatory role of inflammatory markers on the association between ultra-processed foods and resting metabolic rate? Front Nutr 2022; 9:932225. [PMID: 36313082 PMCID: PMC9606709 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.932225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The resting metabolic rate (RMR) represents the largest component of total daily energy expenditure. The sale of ultra-processed foods (UPF) is increasing globally; however, UPF can have many adverse effects, including increasing inflammatory markers and altering RMRs. This cross-sectional study included 285 healthy overweight and obese women. Anthropometric measurements were evaluated using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer InBody 770 scanner. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), plasminogen activator-1 (PAI-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) blood levels were measured after a 12-h fasting. Indirect calorimetry was used to evaluate the RMR by using the Weir equation, and RMR deviation (RMR estimated - RMR actual), RMR per body mass index (BMI), and free fat mass (FFM) were estimated. A validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used, and seven groups of UPFs were extracted based on the NOVA method. A negative association between the RMR [β = -0.159, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.471, -0.052, P = 0.044], RMR per BMI (β = -0.014, 95% CI: -0.025, -0.006, P = 0.036), and RMR per FFM (β = -0.241, 95% CI: -0.006, -0.000, P = 0.041) using the NOVA score was observed after adjusting for confounders. This association disappeared after inclusion of each inflammatory marker. All the markers may inversely mediate the relationship between the mentioned variables and the NOVA score. hs-CRP and MCP-1 also had a negative effect on the relationship between the NOVA score and RMR deviation. Finally, UPF intake is likely related with the RMR, mediated through changes in the production of hs-CRP, PAI-1, MCP-1, and IL-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Bahrampour
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University (SRBIAU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Shiraseb
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Noori
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University (SRBIAU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Cain C. T. Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran,*Correspondence: Khadijeh Mirzaei, ;
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Fish oil administration combined with resistance exercise training improves strength, resting metabolic rate, and inflammation in older adults. Aging Clin Exp Res 2022; 34:3073-3081. [PMID: 36136236 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-022-02250-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While fish oil (FO) has attracted great attention due to their health-enhancing properties, its potential to enhance benefits from resistance exercise training (RET) has not been fully elucidated yet. AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate effects of FO administration during 12 weeks of programmed RET on muscular strength, resting metabolic rate (RMR), and systemic inflammation in healthy older adults. METHODS Twenty-eight healthy older adults were randomly assigned to three experimental groups: sedentary control (CON), resistance exercise training (RET), or RET combined with FO (RET-FO). A one-repetition (1RM) of maximum muscle strength, RMR, substrate oxidation, and blood inflammatory biomarkers were assessed before and after the intervention. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS 1RM muscle strength was significantly increased in RET and RET-FO while substantially decreased in CON. RMR greatly increased in RET and RET-FO with no change in CON. RET-FO exhibited significantly increased fatty acid oxidation, but no change was found in CON and RET. Systemic interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly decreased from baseline in RET-FO while no change was observed in CON and RET. CONCLUSION Our data indicate chronic RET reversed aging-induced loss of muscle strength and improved RMR, while FO administration combined with RET appears to enhance fat metabolism and mildly reduce some indicators of systemic inflammation.
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Jiang X, Xue Y, Mustafa M, Xing Z. An updated review of the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid- and docosahexaenoic acid-derived resolvins on bone preservation. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2022; 160:106630. [PMID: 35263670 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2022.106630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Resolvins are biosynthesized from omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in vivo by means of enzymatic activities, and these factors can attenuate inflammation and promote tissue regeneration. Inflammatory bone disorders can lead to bone loss and thereby be harmful to human health. The link between bone preservation and resolvins has been discussed in some experimental studies. Significant evidence has shown that resolvins benefit bone health and bone preservation by promoting the resolution of inflammation and directly regulating osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Therefore, this review highlights the role and beneficial impact of resolvins derived from EPA and DHA on inflammatory bone disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis. In addition, the mechanisms by which resolvins exert their beneficial effects on bone preservation have also been summarized based on the available literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, Gansu Province, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Ying Xue
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Manal Mustafa
- Oral Health Centre of Expertise in Western Norway, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Zhe Xing
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, Gansu Province, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
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8
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Henrik SZŐKE, István BÓKKON, David M, Jan V, Ágnes K, Zoltán K, Ferenc F, Tibor K, László SL, Ádám D, Odilia M, Andrea K. The innate immune system and fever under redox control: A Narrative Review. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:4324-4362. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220203122239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT:
In living cells, redox potential is vitally important for normal physiological processes that are closely regulated by antioxidants, free amino acids and proteins that either have reactive oxygen and nitrogen species capture capability or can be compartmentalized. Although hundreds of experiments support the regulatory role of free radicals and their derivatives, several authors continue to claim that these perform only harmful and non-regulatory functions. In this paper we show that countless intracellular and extracellular signal pathways are directly or indirectly linked to regulated redox processes. We also briefly discuss how artificial oxidative stress can have important therapeutic potential and the possible negative effects of popular antioxidant supplements.
Next, we present the argument supported by a large number of studies that several major components of innate immunity, as well as fever, is also essentially associated with regulated redox processes. Our goal is to point out that the production of excess or unregulated free radicals and reactive species can be secondary processes due to the perturbed cellular signal pathways. However, researchers on pharmacology should consider the important role of redox mechanisms in the innate immune system and fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- SZŐKE Henrik
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - BÓKKON István
- Neuroscience and Consciousness Research Department, Vision Research Institute,
Lowell, MA, USA
| | - martin David
- Department of Human Medicine, University Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Vagedes Jan
- University Children’s Hospital, Tuebingen University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - kiss Ágnes
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - kovács Zoltán
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - fekete Ferenc
- Department of Nyerges Gábor Pediatric Infectology, Heim Pál National Pediatric Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - kocsis Tibor
- Department of Clinical Governance, Hungarian National Ambulance Service, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | | | - kisbenedek Andrea
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Physicochemical Properties, Fatty Acid Composition, Volatile Compounds of Blueberries, Cranberries, Raspberries, and Cuckooflower Seeds Obtained Using Sonication Method. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247446. [PMID: 34946523 PMCID: PMC8704999 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Every year, thousands of tons of fruit seeds are discarded as agro-industrial by-products around the world. Fruit seeds are an excellent source of oils, monounsaturated fatty acids, and n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated essential fatty acids. This study aimed to develop a novel technology for extracting active substances from selected seeds that were obtained after pressing fruit juices. The proposed technology involved sonification with the use of ethyl alcohol at a low extraction temperature. Seeds of four species—blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.), raspberry (Rubus idaeus), cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon), and cuckooflower (Cardamine pratensis)—were used for extraction. Following alcohol evaporation under nitrogen, the antioxidant activity, chemical composition, and volatile compounds of the obtained extracts were analyzed using chromatographic methods, including gas chromatography (GC)–mass spectrometry (MS) (GC–MS/MS), and high-performance liquid chromatography–MS. We analyzed physicochemical properties, fatty acid, and volatile compounds composition, sterol and tocochromanol content of blueberry, cranberry, raspberry, and cuckooflower seed oils obtained by sonication. This method is safe and effective, and allows for obtaining valuable oils from the seeds.
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Preparation and Evaluation of Silymarin-Loaded Solid Eutectic for Enhanced Anti-Inflammatory, Hepatoprotective Effect: In Vitro- In Vivo Prospect. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:1818538. [PMID: 34804361 PMCID: PMC8598371 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1818538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Solubility of phytochemicals is a major concern for drug delivery, permeability, and their biological response. However, advancements in the novel formulation technologies have been helping to overcome these challenges. The applications of these newer technologies are easy for commercialization and high therapeutic outcomes compared to conventional formulations. Considering these facts, the present study is aimed to prepare a silymarin-loaded eutectic mixture with three different ratios of Polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (PVP K30) and evaluating their anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective effects. The preliminary phytochemical and characterization of silymarin, physical mixture, and solid dispersions suggested and successfully confirmed the formation of solid dispersion of silymarin with PVP K30. It was found that the solubility of silymarin was increased by 5-fold compared to pure silymarin. Moreover, the in vitro dissolution displayed that 83% of silymarin released within 2 h with 2.8-fold increase in dissolution rate compared to pure silymarin. Also, the in vivo study suggested that the formulation significantly reduced the carbon tetrachloride- (0.8620 ± 0.05034∗∗ for 1 : 3 ratio), paracetamol- (0.7300 ± 0.01517∗∗ for 1 : 3 ratio), and ethanol- (0.8100 ± 0.04037∗∗ for 1 : 3 ratio) induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Silymarin solid dispersion was prepared using homogenization methods that have prominent anti-inflammatory effect (0.6520 ± 0.008602∗∗ with 8.33%) in carrageenan-induced rat paw model.
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11
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Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Zingiber officinale roscoe and Allium subhirsutum: In Silico, Biochemical and Histological Study. Foods 2021; 10:foods10061383. [PMID: 34203950 PMCID: PMC8232813 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Zingiber officinale roscoe and Allium subhirsutum aqueous extracts were examined in a carrageenan-induced acute inflammation model. Some markers of inflammation such as hematological parameters, fibrinogen and C-reactive protein were measured. Variables reflecting oxidative stress included thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), advanced oxidation of protein products (AOPP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione were determined in both inflamed foci and erythrocytes. The in silico molecular docking simulation showed that the main components of Zingiber officinale roscoe and Allium subhirsutum bound to toll-like receptor 6 (TLR6) with high affinities. Moreover, histological examinations of paw edema were carried out. Both Zingiber officinale roscoe and Allium subhirsutum ameliorated the induced inflammation and oxidative stress status as outlined by anti-edematous, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Our investigation lends pharmacological support to the medical uses of these spices in the management of inflammatory disorders and oxidative damage. The results of the in silico assay satisfactory explain the in vivo effects as compared with indomethacin.
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12
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Wallis TP, Venkatesh BG, Narayana VK, Kvaskoff D, Ho A, Sullivan RK, Windels F, Sah P, Meunier FA. Saturated free fatty acids and association with memory formation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3443. [PMID: 34103527 PMCID: PMC8187648 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23840-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated free fatty acids (FFAs) such as arachidonic acid, released by phospholipase activity on membrane phospholipids, have long been considered beneficial for learning and memory and are known modulators of neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. However, the precise nature of other FFA and phospholipid changes in specific areas of the brain during learning is unknown. Here, using a targeted lipidomics approach to characterise FFAs and phospholipids across the rat brain, we demonstrated that the highest concentrations of these analytes were found in areas of the brain classically involved in fear learning and memory, such as the amygdala. Auditory fear conditioning led to an increase in saturated (particularly myristic and palmitic acids) and to a lesser extent unsaturated FFAs (predominantly arachidonic acid) in the amygdala and prefrontal cortex. Both fear conditioning and changes in FFA required activation of NMDA receptors. These results suggest a role for saturated FFAs in memory acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan P Wallis
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Bharat G Venkatesh
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Vinod K Narayana
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Kvaskoff
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Drug Discovery Sciences, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Alan Ho
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Robert K Sullivan
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - François Windels
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Pankaj Sah
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Joint Center for Neuroscience and Neural Engineering, and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Frédéric A Meunier
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
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13
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Diaconu A, Coculescu BI, Manole G, Vultur H, Coculescu EC, Stocheci CM, Tudorache IS, Dincă AL, Dincă VG. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) - possible diagnostic and risk biomarker in chronic ischaemic heart disease. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:68-73. [PMID: 33187461 PMCID: PMC7671608 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1839447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In a group of 208 patients with chronic ischaemic heart disease, the variation of A2-associated-LDL phosphatase (Lp-PLA2) serum concentration values was analysed in dynamics at a two-week interval. The conclusion of the study is that the values of serum concentration of Lp-PLA2 can be accepted as a biomarker with diagnostic specificity for chronic ischaemic heart disease, a parameter of real utility in medical practice, both in situations where the patient, although clinically reporting the existence of angina pectoris, does not show specific changes on an EKG, and for the assessment of the response to personalised therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Diaconu
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan-Ioan Coculescu
- Faculty of Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, Bucharest, Romania.,Center for Military Medical Scientific Research, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Horațiu Vultur
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Claudia Coculescu
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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14
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Yao Q, Li H, Fan L, Zhang Y, Zhao S, Zheng N, Wang J. Dietary Regulation of the Crosstalk between Gut Microbiome and Immune Response in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020368. [PMID: 33567698 PMCID: PMC7915342 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a chronic, recurring inflammatory response, is a growing global public health issue. It results from the aberrant crosstalk among environmental factors, gut microbiota, the immune system, and host genetics, with microbiota serving as the core of communication for differently-sourced signals. In the susceptible host, dysbiosis, characterized by the bloom of facultative anaerobic bacteria and the decline of community diversity and balance, can trigger an aberrant immune response that leads to reduced tolerance against commensal microbiota. In IBD, such dysbiosis has been profoundly proven in animal models, as well as clinic data analysis; however, it has not yet been conclusively ascertained whether dysbiosis actually promotes the disease or is simply a consequence of the inflammatory disorder. Better insight into the complex network of interactions between food, the intestinal microbiome, and host immune response will, therefore, contribute significantly to the diagnosis, treatment, and management of IBD. In this article, we review the ways in which the mutualistic circle of dietary nutrients, gut microbiota, and the immune system becomes anomalous during the IBD process, and discuss the roles of bacterial factors in shaping the intestinal inflammatory barrier and adjusting immune capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Yao
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Q.Y.); (H.L.); (L.F.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.); (N.Z.)
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huiying Li
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Q.Y.); (H.L.); (L.F.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.); (N.Z.)
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Linlin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Q.Y.); (H.L.); (L.F.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.); (N.Z.)
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yangdong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Q.Y.); (H.L.); (L.F.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.); (N.Z.)
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shengguo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Q.Y.); (H.L.); (L.F.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.); (N.Z.)
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Q.Y.); (H.L.); (L.F.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.); (N.Z.)
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Q.Y.); (H.L.); (L.F.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.); (N.Z.)
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence:
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Mirtallo JM, Ayers P, Boullata J, Gura KM, Plogsted S, Anderson CR, Worthington P, Seres DS, Nicolai E, Alsharhan M, Gutsul L, Mason AE. ASPEN Lipid Injectable Emulsion Safety Recommendations, Part 1: Background and Adult Considerations. Nutr Clin Pract 2020; 35:769-782. [PMID: 32460429 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.10496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid injectable emulsions (ILEs) are complex pharmaceutical formulations used as a source of energy and essential fatty acids in parenteral nutrition. Issues associated with ILE use are distinctly different from oral fat and arise from emulsion stability, dose, and infusion tolerance. Since 1975, soybean oil has been the consistent source oil used in ILE formulations in the US. Partly because of safety concerns with the soybean-based ILE and frequent and long-standing problems with product inventory shortages, new ILE products have become available. Gaps in ILE best practices create a risk for ILE safety errors in prescribing, compounding, and administration of these products. This paper provides information on appropriate indications, dosing, and methods to avoid potential errors with ILE products in the US. This paper (Part 1) will focus on ILE background, information, and recommendations for adult patients, whereas Part 2 of this series will focus on neonatal and pediatric patient-specific information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay M Mirtallo
- The American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.,College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Phil Ayers
- Clinical Pharmacy Services, Baptist Medical Center, Department of Pharmacy, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Joseph Boullata
- Clinical Nutrition Support Services, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kathleen M Gura
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - David S Seres
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emily Nicolai
- Nutrition and Food Services, UNC Healthcare Systems, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mohammad Alsharhan
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Liliia Gutsul
- Central Admixture Pharmacy Services, Warrendale, Pennsylvania, USA
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16
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Uhlig C, Rössel T, Denz A, Seifert S, Koch T, Heller AR. Effects of a metabolic optimized fast track concept (MOFA) on bowel function and recovery after surgery in patients undergoing elective colon or liver resection: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Anesthesiol 2019; 19:156. [PMID: 31421670 PMCID: PMC6698338 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-019-0823-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enhanced recovery after surgery programs (ERAS) using thoracic epidural anesthesia and perioperative patient conditioning with omega-3 fatty acids (n3FA), glucose control (GC) and on-demand fluid therapy, respectively, showed beneficial effects. In the MOFA- study these components were used together in patients undergoing colon or liver surgery. We hypothesized that the use of a perioperative MOFA program improves intestine function represented as time to the first postoperative bowel movement in adult patients compared to standard ERAS. Methods After BfArM and IRB approval 100 patients were enrolled in this prospective randomized controlled trial. All patients received ERAS therapy (control). In addition, the MOFA group received 0.2 g/kg fish oil (Omegaven®), preoperatively, followed by a 48 h continuous infusion of 0.2 g/kg/d n3FA; and GC was kept below < 8 mmol/L. Pre- and postoperatively energy drinks were administered. Results As compared to control group the MOFA concept resulted in an earlier onset of flatulence by 14 h (46.6 ± 25.7, 32.0 ± 17.9, p = 0.030, hours, control vs. MOFA, respectively). Effects on onset of bowel movement were not observed (74.5 ± 30.4, 66.4 ± 29.2, p = 0.163, hours, control vs. MOFA, respectively). The disease severity (SAPS II score; p = 0.720) as well as deployment of resources (TISS 28 score, p = 0.709) did not differ between groups. No statistic significant difference between MOFA and control group regarding inflammation, impairment of coagulation, length of hospital stay or incidence of postoperative surgical complications were observed. Conclusions The MOFA concept did not result in an improvement of intestine function or faster recovery after elective colon or liver surgery compared to standard ERAS therapy. Omega-3 fatty acids showed no impairment of coagulation or improved resolution of inflammation. Further trials in a larger patient collective are needed to investigate potential beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids in abdominal surgery. Trial registration This trial was prospectively registered at the European Union Clinical Trials Register (EuDraCT 2005–004814-33, date: 10-05-2005, https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/search?query=2005-004814-33+). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12871-019-0823-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Uhlig
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Thomas Rössel
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Axel Denz
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of General Surgery, University Hospital of Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sven Seifert
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Thorax, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Chemnitz Hospital, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Thea Koch
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Axel Rüdiger Heller
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Anaesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
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17
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Nardochinoid B Inhibited the Activation of RAW264.7 Macrophages Stimulated by Lipopolysaccharide through Activating the Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24132482. [PMID: 31284554 PMCID: PMC6650925 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nardochinoid B (NAB) is a new compound isolated from Nardostachys chinensis. Although our previous study reported that the NAB suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 cells, the specific mechanisms of anti-inflammatory action of NAB remains unknown. Thus, we examined the effects of NAB against LPS-induced inflammation. In this study, we found that NAB suppressed the LPS-induced inflammatory responses by restraining the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) proteins and mRNA instead of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein and mRNA in RAW264.7 cells, implying that NAB may have lower side effects compared with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Besides, NAB upregulated the protein and mRNA expressions of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 when it exerted its anti-inflammatory effects. Also, NAB restrained the production of NO by increasing HO-1 expression in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Thus, it is considered that the anti-inflammatory effect of NAB is associated with an induction of antioxidant protein HO-1, and thus NAB may be a potential HO-1 inducer for treating inflammatory diseases. Moreover, our study found that the inhibitory effect of NAB on NO is similar to that of the positive drug dexamethasone, suggesting that NAB has great potential for developing new drugs in treating inflammatory diseases.
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18
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Yang Y, Kim Y, Je Y. Fish consumption and risk of depression: Epidemiological evidence from prospective studies. Asia Pac Psychiatry 2018; 10:e12335. [PMID: 30238628 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The evidence on the association of fish or omega-3 fatty acid intake with depression is inconsistent. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies to examine this association. METHODS Database searches in PubMed and Web of Science were conducted to identify relevant articles published up to April 2018, which were supplemented by hand-searches of reference lists of the retrieved articles. Using a random-effects model, we calculated pooled relative risks (RR) of depression in relation to consumption of fish or omega-3 fatty acids after adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS A total of 10 prospective cohort studies with 6672 cases of depression among 109 764 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled adjusted RR of depression for the highest vs lowest category of fish consumption was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.80-0.99). The pooled adjusted RR of depression for the highest vs lowest category of omega-3 intake was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.74-1.04). In the dose-response analysis, the pooled adjusted RRs for an increment of 1 serving/week of fish consumption and 500 mg/day of omega-3 fatty acid intake were 0.89 (95% CI: 0.75-1.04) and 0.99 (95% CI: 0.94-1.04), respectively. There was no evidence of heterogeneity. DISCUSSION Our findings provide quantitative evidence for a modest inverse association between fish or omega-3 fatty acid intake and risk of depression, especially in women. These findings from the observational studies need to be confirmed through large randomized clinical trials of fish consumption or omega-3 fatty acid intake and risk of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonji Yang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youngyo Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youjin Je
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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19
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Araújo AC, Wheelock CE, Haeggström JZ. The Eicosanoids, Redox-Regulated Lipid Mediators in Immunometabolic Disorders. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:275-296. [PMID: 28978222 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The oxidation of arachidonic acid via cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) activity to produce eicosanoids during inflammation is a well-known biosynthetic pathway. These lipid mediators are involved in fever, pain, and thrombosis and are produced from multiple cells as well as cell/cell interactions, for example, immune cells and epithelial/endothelial cells. Metabolic disorders, including hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes, are linked with chronic low-grade inflammation, impacting the immune system and promoting a variety of chronic diseases. Recent Advances: Multiple studies have corroborated the important function of eicosanoids and their receptors in (non)-inflammatory cells in immunometabolic disorders (e.g., insulin resistance, obesity, and cardiovascular and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases). In this context, LOX and COX products are involved in both pro- and anti-inflammatory responses. In addition, recent work has elucidated the potent function of specialized proresolving mediators (i.e., lipoxins and resolvins) in resolving inflammation, protecting organs, and stimulating tissue repair and remodeling. CRITICAL ISSUES Inhibiting/stimulating selected eicosanoid pathways may result in anti-inflammatory and proresolution responses leading to multiple beneficial effects, including the abrogation of reactive oxygen species production, increased speed of resolution, and overall improvement of diseases related to immunometabolic perturbations. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Despite many achievements, it is crucial to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying immunological/metabolic cross talk to offer substantial therapeutic promise. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 29, 275-296.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Araújo
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Craig E Wheelock
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper Z Haeggström
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Yang Y, Je Y. Fish consumption and depression in Korean adults: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013-2015. Eur J Clin Nutr 2018; 72:1142-1149. [PMID: 29339828 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-017-0083-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES There is a growing body of evidence that supports the potential role of fish consumption in relation to depression, but the data in Korean population is scarce. Thus, we examined the association between fish consumption and depression in Korean adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study in 9183 Korean adults aged 19-64 years who participated in the 6TH Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2015), which is a large nationally representative study of Korean population. Fish consumption and depression status were assessed using questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to compute odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for physician-diagnosed clinical depression. RESULTS Out of the 9183 subjects, 389 (4.2%) were diagnosed with depression. After adjusting for potential confounders, the multivariable-adjusted ORs for clinical depression across fish consumption were 1.00 (reference) for <1 time/week, 0.76 (95% CI: 0.56-1.04) for 1-3 times/week and 0.52 (95% CI: 0.37-0.74) for ≥4 times/week (P for trend = 0.0005). The inverse association for ≥4 times/week of fish consumption was stronger in women (OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.29-0.67, P for trend < .0001), but there was no significant association in men. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that high consumption of fish is associated with lower odds of depression in Korean adults, particularly in women. These results warrant further prospective studies to verify the association between fish consumption and risk of depression in Korean adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonji Yang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youjin Je
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
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21
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Yemitan OK, Adeyemi OO. Mechanistic assessment of the analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic actions of Dalbergia saxatilis in animal models. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:898-905. [PMID: 28147891 PMCID: PMC6130497 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1283706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Aqueous root extract of Dalbergia saxatilis, Hook, f., (Leguminosae) (DS) is reported useful for toothache, pains, and fever, but not scientifically proven. OBJECTIVE This study determined its effectiveness in pain, inflammation, and fever, applying scientific models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Swiss mice or Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 5) were pretreated with distilled water, DS (100 or 200 mg/kg), or standard drug for 30 min. The analgesic activity was measured by acetic acid writhing, tail flick, tail immersion, tail clip, hot plate, and formalin pain tests; anti-inflammatory effects were determined via carrageenan and dextran rat paw oedema tests; antipyretic activity was measured by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (ECL) and turpentine in rabbits, and d-amphetamine sulphate (d-AS) pyrexia test in rats. RESULTS Writhing frequency inhibition was produced by 200 mg/kg DS (33.10%), aspirin (38.19%) and morphine (93.68%). Unlike morphine, DS did not produce significant prolongation of the reaction times in the hot-plate, tail immersion, tail flick, and tail clip tests. In the first and second phases of formalin test, respectively, % inhibition was: 200 mg/kg DS (25.70% and 0%), aspirin (4.76% and 67.33%), morphine (81.42% and 66.11%); for carrageenan and dextran tests, significant difference was recorded between 200 mg/kg DS and control up to 6 h. Significant reduction in ECL, turpentine and d-AS pyrexia was recorded at 100 and 200 mg/kg DS. CONCLUSION DS produces mild non-steroidal analgesic and anti-inflammatory, as well as significant antipyretic actions involving cyclooxygenase, α2 adrenoceptor and interleukin-1 β1 due to any of glycosides, saponins or phenolic tannins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omoniyi K. Yemitan
- Department of Pharmacology, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olufunmilayo O. Adeyemi
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
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22
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Wang F, Lin X, Zhao Q, Li J. Fat intake and risk of ulcerative colitis: Systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 32:19-27. [PMID: 27097307 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Fat intake is generally thought as a risk factor for onset of ulcerative colitis (UC), while epidemiological data had been controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the role of fat intake in the development of UC. METHODS Comprehensive search in PubMed and Embase was conducted to identify all relevant studies, and the role of fat intake in the development of UC was quantitatively assessed by dose-response meta-analysis. RESULTS Nine studies (four case-control and five prospective cohort) were indentified with a total of 966 UC cases and 171 589 controls. No evidence of a nonlinear dose-response association was found between fat intake and UC risk. Overall, the summary relative risks (RR) for per 30 g increment/day were 1.023 (95%confidence interval [CI]: 0.963-1.087; I2 = 24%; n = 6) for total fat intake, 1.063 (95%CI: 0.845-1.337; I2 = 44.5%; n = 4) for saturated fat intake, 1.214 (95%CI: 0.911-1.618; I2 = 63.1%; n = 4) for monounsaturated fat (MUFA) intake, and 1.247 (95%CI: 0.948-1.640; I2 = 25.4%; n = 4) for polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) intake, respectively. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses showed inconsistent results on PUFA intake, which was significantly related with UC risk after adjusting for smoking (RR: 1.617, 95%CI: 1.045-2.502; I2 = 0%; n = 3). For PUFA and MUFA subtypes, no subtypes were significantly associated with UC risk (P > 0.05), and only docosahexaenoic acid showed a potential protective effect in the development of UC (RR for the highest versus lowest intake level: 0.642, 95%CI: 0.403-1.024; I2 = 34.4%; n = 3) CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis suggested a lack of association between fat intake and UC risk, and large-scale prospective designed studies are warranted to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Center & Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Center & Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiu Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Center & Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Center & Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
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Silva CFM, Pinto DCGA, Silva AMS. Chromones: A Promising Ring System for New Anti-inflammatory Drugs. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:2252-2260. [PMID: 27630077 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The quest for safer anti-inflammatory drugs is still the focus of several medicinal chemistry programs. Chromones (4H-chromen-4-ones) are a group of naturally occurring compounds ubiquitous in plants, and the chromone core has proven to be a privileged scaffold in medicinal chemistry. Herein we provide an overview of the relevance of chromones as anti-inflammatory agents, specifically as inhibitors of cyclooxygenase (COX), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), interleukin-5 (IL-5), and nitric oxide (. NO) production. Numerous structure-activity relationships and mechanisms of action are discussed. This review is therefore intended to provide a foundation for the design and synthesis of novel chromone-based compound libraries for further development into safer and more efficient anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos F M Silva
- Department of Chemistry & QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diana C G A Pinto
- Department of Chemistry & QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Artur M S Silva
- Department of Chemistry & QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ischemic tissue injury contributes to significant morbidity and mortality and is implicated in a range of pathologic conditions, including but not limited to myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and acute kidney injury. The associated reperfusion phase is responsible for the activation of the innate and adaptive immune system, further accentuating inflammation. Adenosine triphosphate molecule has been implicated in various ischemic conditions, including stroke and myocardial infarction. STUDY SELECTION Adenosine triphosphate is a well-defined intracellular energy transfer and is commonly referred to as the body's "energy currency." However, Laboratory studies have demonstrated that extracellular adenosine triphosphate has the ability to initiate inflammation and is therefore referred to as a damage-associated molecular pattern. Purinergic receptors-dependent signaling, proinflammatory cytokine release, increased Ca influx into cells, and subsequent apoptosis have been shown to form a common underlying extracellular adenosine triphosphate molecular mechanism in ischemic organ injury. CONCLUSIONS In this review, we aim to discuss the molecular mechanisms behind adenosine triphosphate-mediated ischemic tissue injury and evaluate the role of extracellular adenosine triphosphate in ischemic injury in specific organs, in order to provide a greater understanding of the pathophysiology of this complex process. We also appraise potential future therapeutic strategies to limit damage in various organs, including the heart, brain, kidneys, and lungs.
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N-3 vs. n-6 fatty acids differentially influence calcium signalling and adhesion of inflammatory activated monocytes: impact of lipid rafts. Inflamm Res 2016; 65:881-894. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-016-0971-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Abstract
The systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) describes the clinical presentation of patients with systemic activation of the inflammatory response from any underlying cause. SIRS is a common problem in acute medical and surgical practice and an important cause of morbidity and mortality. As a consequence of SIRS, patients may develop multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Over the recent years our understanding of the inflammatory response in SIRS has increased, but as yet specific immunomodulatory therapies have not proved useful. The mainstay of treatment for patients with SIRS and ARDS remains a general supportive care. It is in this area that more encouraging advances are being made, particularly in the management of invasive ventilation and nutrition. In this review we summarize the definitions, epidemiology and pathophysiology of SIRS, ARDS and related conditions. We then give a description of the clinical consequences and treatment of SIRS and ARDS with an emphasis on current aspects of supportive care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanif Meeran
- Department of Intensive Care, London Chest Hospital, London, UK.,
| | - Mark Messent
- Department of Intensive Care, London Chest Hospital, London, UK
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Carrillo JA, He Y, Li Y, Liu J, Erdman RA, Sonstegard TS, Song J. Integrated metabolomic and transcriptome analyses reveal finishing forage affects metabolic pathways related to beef quality and animal welfare. Sci Rep 2016. [PMID: 27185157 DOI: 10.1038/srep] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Beef represents a major dietary component and source of protein in many countries. With an increasing demand for beef, the industry is currently undergoing changes towards naturally produced beef. However, the true differences between the feeding systems, especially the biochemical and nutritional aspects, are still unclear. Using transcriptome and metabolome profiles, we identified biological pathways related to the differences between grass- and grain-fed Angus steers. In the latissimus dorsi muscle, we have recognized 241 differentially expressed genes (FDR < 0.1). The metabolome examinations of muscle and blood revealed 163 and 179 altered compounds in each tissue (P < 0.05), respectively. Accordingly, alterations in glucose metabolism, divergences in free fatty acids and carnitine conjugated lipid levels, and altered β-oxidation have been observed. The anti-inflammatory n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are enriched in grass finished beef, while higher levels of n6 PUFAs in grain finished animals may promote inflammation and oxidative stress. Furthermore, grass-fed animals produce tender beef with lower total fat and a higher omega3/omega6 ratio than grain-fed ones, which could potentially benefit consumer health. Most importantly, blood cortisol levels strongly indicate that grass-fed animals may experience less stress than the grain-fed individuals. These results will provide deeper insights into the merits and mechanisms of muscle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Carrillo
- Department of Animal &Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Yanghua He
- Department of Animal &Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Yaokun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China, 712100
| | - Jianan Liu
- Department of Animal &Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Richard A Erdman
- Department of Animal &Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Tad S Sonstegard
- Recombinetics Inc., 1246 University Ave. W, St. Paul, MN 55104, USA
| | - Jiuzhou Song
- Department of Animal &Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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28
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Carrillo JA, He Y, Li Y, Liu J, Erdman RA, Sonstegard TS, Song J. Integrated metabolomic and transcriptome analyses reveal finishing forage affects metabolic pathways related to beef quality and animal welfare. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25948. [PMID: 27185157 PMCID: PMC4869019 DOI: 10.1038/srep25948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Beef represents a major dietary component and source of protein in many countries. With an increasing demand for beef, the industry is currently undergoing changes towards naturally produced beef. However, the true differences between the feeding systems, especially the biochemical and nutritional aspects, are still unclear. Using transcriptome and metabolome profiles, we identified biological pathways related to the differences between grass- and grain-fed Angus steers. In the latissimus dorsi muscle, we have recognized 241 differentially expressed genes (FDR < 0.1). The metabolome examinations of muscle and blood revealed 163 and 179 altered compounds in each tissue (P < 0.05), respectively. Accordingly, alterations in glucose metabolism, divergences in free fatty acids and carnitine conjugated lipid levels, and altered β-oxidation have been observed. The anti-inflammatory n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are enriched in grass finished beef, while higher levels of n6 PUFAs in grain finished animals may promote inflammation and oxidative stress. Furthermore, grass-fed animals produce tender beef with lower total fat and a higher omega3/omega6 ratio than grain-fed ones, which could potentially benefit consumer health. Most importantly, blood cortisol levels strongly indicate that grass-fed animals may experience less stress than the grain-fed individuals. These results will provide deeper insights into the merits and mechanisms of muscle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Carrillo
- Department of Animal &Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Yanghua He
- Department of Animal &Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Yaokun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China, 712100
| | - Jianan Liu
- Department of Animal &Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Richard A Erdman
- Department of Animal &Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Tad S Sonstegard
- Recombinetics Inc., 1246 University Ave. W, St. Paul, MN 55104, USA
| | - Jiuzhou Song
- Department of Animal &Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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Ibrahim BM, Salama AA, Abdallah HM, El Awdan SA, Shaffie NM. Study of the Protective Effects of Flaxseed Oil on Ethanol Induced Gastric Mucosal Lesions in Non Ovariectomized and Ovariectomized Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2016.329.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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30
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Jutley GS, Young SP. Metabolomics to identify biomarkers and as a predictive tool in inflammatory diseases. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2016; 29:770-82. [PMID: 27107512 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
There is an overwhelming need for a simple, reliable tool that aids clinicians in diagnosing, assessing disease activity and treating rheumatic conditions. Identification of biomarkers in partially understood inflammatory disorders has long been sought after as the Holy Grail of Rheumatology. Given the complex nature of inflammatory conditions, it has been difficult to earmark the potential biomarkers. Metabolomics, however, is promising in providing new insights into inflammatory conditions and also identifying such biomarkers. Metabolomic studies have generally revealed increased energy requirements for by-products of a hypoxic environment, leading to a characteristic metabolic fingerprint. Here, we discuss the significance of such studies and their potential as a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Singh Jutley
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Stephen P Young
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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31
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Nobakht BF, Aliannejad R, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Arefi Oskouie A, Naseri MT, Parastar H, Aliakbarzadeh G, Fathi F, Taheri S. NMR- and GC/MS-based metabolomics of sulfur mustard exposed individuals: a pilot study. Biomarkers 2016; 21:479-89. [DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2016.1153725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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32
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Diamond IR, Grant RC, Pencharz PB, de Silva N, Feldman BM, Fitzgerald P, Sigalet D, Dicken B, Turner J, Marchand V, Ling SC, Moore AM, Avitzur Y, Wales PW. Preventing the Progression of Intestinal Failure-Associated Liver Disease in Infants Using a Composite Lipid Emulsion: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of SMOFlipid. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2016; 41:866-877. [PMID: 26838529 DOI: 10.1177/0148607115626921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine whether SMOFlipid prevents progression of intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD) in parenteral nutrition (PN)-dependent infants with early IFALD (conjugated bilirubin 17-50 µmol/L, 1-3 mg/dL). STUDY DESIGN Pilot multicenter blinded randomized controlled trial comparing SMOFlipid with Intralipid. Patients received the trial lipid for up to 12 weeks, unless they achieved full enteral tolerance sooner. The primary clinical outcome was the serum conjugated bilirubin. RESULTS Twenty-four infants (mean age, 6 weeks) participated in the trial (13 Intralipid and 11 SMOFlipid). At the time of trial enrollment, patients in both groups were receiving 90% of their calories by PN. Mean duration on trial was 8 weeks and did not differ according to treatment ( P = .99). At trial conclusion, patients who received SMOFlipid had a lower conjugated bilirubin than those who received Intralipid (mean difference, -59 µmol/L; P = .03). Patients receiving SMOFlipid were also more likely to have a decrease in serum conjugated bilirubin to 0 µmol/L than those in the Intralipid group over the entire observation period (hazard ratio, 10.6; 95%; P = .03). The time to achievement of full enteral tolerance did not differ statistically (hazard ratio, 1.3; P = .59) between the groups. There was no significant difference in safety outcomes between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Compared with Intralipid, SMOFlipid reduces the risk of progressive IFALD in children with intestinal failure. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00793195.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - David Sigalet
- 3 Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bryan Dicken
- 4 Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Justine Turner
- 4 Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Simon C Ling
- 1 Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Yaron Avitzur
- 1 Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul W Wales
- 1 Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Okeke EB, Uzonna JE. In Search of a Cure for Sepsis: Taming the Monster in Critical Care Medicine. J Innate Immun 2016; 8:156-70. [PMID: 26771196 DOI: 10.1159/000442469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of over half a century of research, sepsis still constitutes a major problem in health care delivery. Although advances in research have significantly increased our knowledge of the pathogenesis of sepsis and resulted in better prognosis and improved survival outcome, sepsis still remains a major challenge in modern medicine with an increase in occurrence predicted and a huge socioeconomic burden. It is generally accepted that sepsis is due to an initial hyperinflammatory response. However, numerous efforts aimed at targeting the proinflammatory cytokine network have been largely unsuccessful and the search for novel potential therapeutic targets continues. Recent studies provide compelling evidence that dysregulated anti-inflammatory responses may also contribute to sepsis mortality. Our previous studies on the role of regulatory T cells and phosphoinositide 3-kinases in sepsis highlight immunological approaches that could be explored for sepsis therapy. In this article, we review the current and emerging concepts in sepsis, highlight novel potential therapeutic targets and immunological approaches for sepsis treatment and propose a biphasic treatment approach for management of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeka B Okeke
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., Canada
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Shirai K, Yoshida S, Matsumaru N, Toyoda I, Ogura S. Effect of enteral diet enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, and antioxidants in patients with sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. J Intensive Care 2015; 3:24. [PMID: 26015869 PMCID: PMC4443653 DOI: 10.1186/s40560-015-0087-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In this study, the effects of an enteral diet enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), γ-linolenic acid (GLA), and antioxidants were compared with a standard enteral diet in critically ill patients with sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Methods This study was a single-center, prospective, randomized, single-blind, controlled trial in our Advanced Critical Care Center. Patients were randomized to receive a continuous EPA, GLA, and antioxidant-enriched diet (study group), or an isocaloric standard diet (control group). Results Twenty-three of 46 patients were in the study group, and the other 23 were in the control group. Duration of mechanical ventilation, incidence of new nosocomial infections, changes over time in Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores, and 60-day mortality were not significantly different between the two groups. The ratio of partial pressure of oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen on day 7 was significantly higher in the study group (233.0 [185.5–282.8] vs. 274.0 [225.5–310.8], p = 0.021). Duration of ICU stay was significantly shorter in the study group than in the control group (24.0 [20.0–30.0] vs. 15.0 [11.0–24.0], p = 0.008). Conclusions An enteral diet enriched with EPA, GLA, and antioxidants did not improve duration of mechanical ventilation, SOFA score, incidence of new nosocomial infections, or mortality but did favorably influence duration of ICU stay in critically ill patients with sepsis-induced ARDS. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40560-015-0087-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiro Shirai
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Ichinomiya Municipal Hospital, Bunkyo, Ichinomiya, Aichi 491-8558 Japan
| | - Shozo Yoshida
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Naoki Matsumaru
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Izumi Toyoda
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shinji Ogura
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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Bharadwaj S, Gohel T, Deen OJ, DeChicco R, Shatnawei A. Fish oil-based lipid emulsion: current updates on a promising novel therapy for the management of parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2015; 3:110-4. [PMID: 25858884 PMCID: PMC4423466 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/gov011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal failure is characterized by loss of enteral function to absorb necessary nutrients and water to sustain life. Parenteral nutrition (PN) is a lifesaving therapeutic modality for patients with intestinal failure. Lifelong PN is also needed for patients who have short bowel syndrome due to extensive resection or a dysmotility disorder with malabsorption. However, prolonged PN is associated with short-term and long-term complications. Parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease (PNALD) is one of the long-term complications associated with the use of an intravenous lipid emulsion to prevent essential fatty acid deficiency in these patients. PNALD affects 30-60% of the adult population on long-term PN. Further, PNALD is one of the indications for isolated liver or combined liver and intestinal transplantation. There is no consensus on how to manage PNALD, but fish oil-based lipid emulsion (FOBLE) has been suggested to play an important role both in its prevention and reversal. There is significant improvement in liver function in those who received FOBLE as lipid supplement compared with those who received soy-based lipid emulsion. Studies have also demonstrated that FOBLE reverses hepatic steatosis and reduces markers of inflammation in patients on long-term PN. Future prospective studies with larger sample sizes are needed to further strengthen the positive role of FOBLE in PNALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishira Bharadwaj
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Tushar Gohel
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Omer J Deen
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Robert DeChicco
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Abdullah Shatnawei
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Bioassay directed isolation of a novel anti-inflammatory cerebroside from the leaves of Aerva sanguinolenta. Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-1261-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Li Y, Wang X, Li N, Li J. The study of n-3PUFAs protecting the intestinal barrier in rat HS/R model. Lipids Health Dis 2014; 13:146. [PMID: 25200333 PMCID: PMC4246481 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-13-146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND N-3 PUFAs have been demonstrated in vitro it could prevent the intestinal tight junctions (TJs) from the ischemia/re-perfusion injury and the inflammatory reaction injury. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the protection of n-3 PUFAs on the intestinal TJs in the rat model of hemorrhagic shock followed by resuscitation. METHODS Male SD rats (n = 72; 250 ~ 300 g) were randomly divided into 6 groups: SHAM, hemorrhagic shock (HS), hemorrhagic shock/resuscitation (HS/R), ω-6 group, ω-3 group and ω-3 treatment group. Shock was induced, and a mean arterial pressure was maintained at 35 to 40 mmHg for 60 minutes. Resuscitation was carried out by returning half of the shed blood and Ringer's lactate solution. In ω-6 and ω-3 group, Intralipid or fish oil (0.2 g/Kg), respectively, was infused 30 minutes after shock. And fish oil was infused with resuscitation in ω-3 treatment group. Half of each group was killed at 30 minutes and 4 hours after resuscitation, respectively. The serum samples and the intestinal sample was collected for further examination. RESULT There is no difference between ω-3, ω-3 treatment and sham group in Chiu's score, but the other three groups have higher scores than they did. Compared with HS, HSR and ω-6 group, ω-3 and ω-3 treatment group showed most intact in intestinal mucoscal villi and TJs through HE, SEM and LSCM. The levels of IL-6 and TNF-α of bowel tissue in ω-3 and ω-3 treatment group were significantly lower than HS and HSR groups'. At the time point of 30 min, the levels of serum endotoxin were dramatically higher in HS、 HSR and ω-6 groups when compared with ω-3, ω-3 treatment and sham group. However, it in ω-3 group was greater than sham and HS group until 4 hours. CONCLUSION Fish oil pretreatment before resuscitation showed a beneficial effect to the intestinal TJs and atteunated inflammation after H/R in HS/R rat model and is better than ω-6 PUFAs did.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jieshou Li
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing 210002, China.
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Ojha D, Mukherjee H, Mondal S, Jena A, Dwivedi VP, Mondal KC, Malhotra B, Samanta A, Chattopadhyay D. Anti-inflammatory activity of Odina wodier Roxb, an Indian folk remedy, through inhibition of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104939. [PMID: 25153081 PMCID: PMC4143220 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is part of self-limiting non-specific immune response, which occurs during bodily injury. In some disorders the inflammatory process becomes continuous, leading to the development of chronic inflammatory diseases including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer etc. Several Indian tribes used the bark of Odina wodier (OWB) for treating inflammatory disorders. Thus, we have evaluated the immunotherapeutic potential of OWB methanol extract and its major constituent chlorogenic acid (CA), using three popular in vivo antiinflammatory models: Carrageenan- and Dextran-induced paw edema, Cotton pellet granuloma, and Acetic acid-induced vascular permeability. To elucidate the possible anti-inflammatory mechanism of action we determine the level of major inflammatory mediators (NO, iNOS, COX-2-dependent prostaglandin E2 or PGE2), and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-12). Further, we determine the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), Myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), nuclear factor kappa-B cells (NF-κB), and NF-kB inhibitor alpha (IK-Bα) by protein and mRNA expression, and Western blot analysis in drug treated LPS-induced murine macrophage model. Moreover, we determined the acute and sub-acute toxicity of OWB extract in BALB/c mice. Our study demonstrated a significant anti-inflammatory activity of OWB extract and CA along with the inhibition of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-12 expressions. Further, the expression of TLR4, NF-κBp65, MyD88, iNOS and COX-2 molecules were reduced in drug-treated groups, but not in the LPS-stimulated untreated or control groups, Thus, our results collectively indicated that the OWB extract and CA can efficiently inhibit inflammation through the down regulation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-kB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durbadal Ojha
- ICMR Virus Unit, I.D. & B.G. Hospital, Beliaghata, Kolkata, India
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Supriya Mondal
- ICMR Virus Unit, I.D. & B.G. Hospital, Beliaghata, Kolkata, India
| | - Aditya Jena
- ICMR Virus Unit, I.D. & B.G. Hospital, Beliaghata, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Keshab C. Mondal
- Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Bharti Malhotra
- Department of Microbiology, SMS Medical College & Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - Amalesh Samanta
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
- * E-mail: (DC); (AS)
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Fu Y, Nath RG, Dyba M, Cruz IM, Pondicherry SR, Fernandez A, Schultz CL, Yang P, Pan J, Desai D, Krzeminski J, Amin S, Christov PP, Hara Y, Chung FL. In vivo detection of a novel endogenous etheno-DNA adduct derived from arachidonic acid and the effects of antioxidants on its formation. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 73:12-20. [PMID: 24816294 PMCID: PMC4114339 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies showed that 7-(1',2'-dihydroxyheptyl)-substituted etheno DNA adducts are products of reactions with the epoxide of (E)-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, an oxidation product of ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). In this work, we report the detection of 7-(1',2'-dihydroxyheptyl)-1,N(6)-ethenodeoxyadenosine (DHHedA) in rodent and human tissues by two independent methods: a (32)P-postlabeling/HPLC method and an isotope dilution liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry method, demonstrating for the first time that DHHedA is a background DNA lesion in vivo. We showed that DHHedA can be formed upon incubation of arachidonic acid with deoxyadenosine, supporting the notion that ω-6 PUFAs are the endogenous source of DHHedA formation. Because cyclic adducts are derived from the oxidation of PUFAs, we subsequently examined the effects of antioxidants, α-lipoic acid, Polyphenon E, and vitamin E, on the formation of DHHedA and γ-hydroxy-1,N(2)-propanodeoxyguanosine (γ-OHPdG), a widely studied acrolein-derived adduct arising from oxidized PUFAs, in the livers of Long Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rats. LEC rats are afflicted with elevated lipid peroxidation and prone to the development of hepatocellular carcinomas. The results showed that although the survival of LEC rats was increased significantly by α-lipoic acid, none of the antioxidants inhibited the formation of DHHedA, and only Polyphenon E decreased the formation of γ-OHPdG. In contrast, vitamin E caused a significant increase in the formation of both γ-OHPdG and DHHedA in the livers of LEC rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fu
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia 20057
| | - Raghu G Nath
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia 20057
| | - Marcin Dyba
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia 20057
| | - Idalia M Cruz
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia 20057
| | - Sharanya R Pondicherry
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia 20057
| | - Aileen Fernandez
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia 20057
| | - Casey L Schultz
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054
| | - Peiying Yang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054
| | - Jishen Pan
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia 20057
| | - Dhimant Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Jacek Krzeminski
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Shantu Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Plamen P Christov
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, VU Station B 351822, Nashville, TN 37235
| | | | - Fung-Lung Chung
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia 20057
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Improvement of Bioavailability and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Curcumin in Combination with Emu Oil. Inflammation 2014; 37:2139-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-9948-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wang Q, He Y, Shen Y, Zhang Q, Chen D, Zuo C, Qin J, Wang H, Wang J, Yu Y. Vitamin D inhibits COX-2 expression and inflammatory response by targeting thioesterase superfamily member 4. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:11681-11694. [PMID: 24619416 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.517581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Inadequate vitamin D status has been linked to increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Inducible cyclooxygenase (COX) isoform COX-2 has been involved in the pathogenesis of such chronic inflammatory diseases. We found that the active form of vitamin D, 1,25(OH)2D produces dose-dependent inhibition of COX-2 expression in murine macrophages under both basal and LPS-stimulated conditions and suppresses proinflammatory mediators induced by LPS. Administration of 1,25(OH)2D significantly alleviated local inflammation in a carrageenan-induced paw edema mouse model. Strikingly, the phosphorylation of both Akt and its downstream target IκBα in macrophages were markedly suppressed by 1,25(OH)2D in the presence and absence of LPS stimulation through up-regulation of THEM4 (thioesterase superfamily member 4), an Akt modulator protein. Knockdown of both vitamin D receptor and THEM4 attenuated the inhibitory effect of 1,25(OH)2D on COX-2 expression in macrophages. A functional vitamin D-responsive element in the THEM4 promoter was identified by chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assay. Our results indicate that vitamin D restrains macrophage-mediated inflammatory processes by suppressing the Akt/NF-κB/COX-2 pathway, suggesting that vitamin D supplementation might be utilized for adjunctive therapy for inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical College, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Yuhu He
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yujun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Di Chen
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Caojian Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jing Qin
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Junwen Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China; Centre for Genomic Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100021, China.
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Albayrak A, Halici Z, Cadirci E, Polat B, Karakus E, Bayir Y, Unal D, Atasoy M, Dogrul A. Inflammation and peripheral 5-HT7 receptors: The role of 5-HT7 receptors in carrageenan induced inflammation in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 715:270-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Balgoma D, Checa A, Sar DG, Snowden S, Wheelock CE. Quantitative metabolic profiling of lipid mediators. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:1359-77. [PMID: 23828856 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are heterogeneous biological molecules that possess multiple physiological roles including cell structure, homeostasis, and restoration of tissue functionality during and after inflammation. Lipid metabolism constitutes a network of pathways that are related at multiple biosynthetic hubs. Disregulation of lipid metabolism can lead to pathophysiological effects and multiple lipid mediators have been described to be involved in physiological processes, (e.g. inflammation). Accordingly, a thorough description of these pathways may shed light on putative relations in multiple complex diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, obesity, and cancer. Due to the structural complexity of lipids and the low abundance of many lipid mediators, mass spectrometry is the most commonly employed method for analysis. However, multiple challenges remain in the efforts to analyze every lipid subfamily. In this review, the biological role of sphingolipids, glycerolipids, oxylipins (e.g. eicosanoids), endocannabinoids, and N-acylethanolamines in relation to health and disease and the state-of-the-art analyses are summarized. The characterization and understanding of these pathways will increase our ability to examine for interrelations among lipid pathways and improve the knowledge of biological mechanisms in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Balgoma
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Das S, Mukherjee H, Ahmed SM, Haldar PK, Mandal AB, Mahapatra A, Mukherjee PK, Chakraborti S, Chattopadhyay D. Evaluation of an ethnomedicinal combination containing Semecarpus kurzii and Hernandia peltata used for the management of inflammation. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2013; 51:677-685. [PMID: 23527893 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2012.762405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Scientific validation of an ethnomedicinal combination consisting of Semecarpus kurzii Engler (Anacardeaceae) leaves (SKL) and Hernandia peltata Meisn (Hernandeaceae) stem-bark (HPB), traditionally used in ailments related to inflammation, pain and fever. OBJECTIVE To validate in vivo and in vitro analgesic and antiinflammatory activities of methanol extract of SKL, HPB and their combination. MATERIALS AND METHODS Analgesic activity was tested by acetic acid induced writhing reflex and tail flick in Swiss albino mice, while the anti-inflammatory activity was studied in acute, subacute and chronic model on Wistar rats. The vascular permeability, membrane stabilization and protein denaturation were examined to know the possible mode of action. RESULTS Significant (p < 0.01) analgesic (78.04% inhibition of writhing) and antiinflammatory (72.54% inhibition of paw edema) activity was observed in combination of SKL and HPB extracts at 250 mg/kg each. The SKL extract alone inhibits acetic acid-induced vascular permeability (64.4%) at 500 mg/kg, while in combination at 250 mg/kg each, the inhibition was 69.49% (p < 0.01). Furthermore, SKL in combination with HPB (0.25 mg/mL each) prevent RBC hemolysis (61.91%) and inhibition of protein denaturation (76.52%)-like indomethacin. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The SKL and HPB extract, alone (500 mg/kg) and in combination, (250 mg/kg each) had significant analgesic and antiinflammatory activity, probably by inhibiting the release of certain inflammatory mediators and membrane stabilization, due to the presence of triterpenes, tannins and related phytochemicals in the extracts. Thus, our results demonstrated that this combination provide the scientific rationale of its folk use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Das
- Directorate of Seed Research, Kushmaur, Maunath Bhanjan, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Dong F, Zhang L, Hao F, Tang H, Wang Y. Systemic responses of mice to dextran sulfate sodium-induced acute ulcerative colitis using 1H NMR spectroscopy. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:2958-66. [PMID: 23651354 DOI: 10.1021/pr4002383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between genetic mutation and environmental factors is believed to contribute to the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). While focused attention has been paid to the aforementioned research, time-specific and organ-specific metabolic changes associated with IBD are still lacking. Here, we induced acute ulcerative colitis in mice by providing water containing 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 7 days and investigated the metabolic changes of plasma, urine, and a range of biological tissues by employing a (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabonomics approach with complementary information on serum clinical chemistry and histopathology. We found that DSS-induced acute ulcerative colitis leads to significant elevations in the levels of amino acids in plasma and decreased levels in the membrane-related metabolites and a range of nucleotides, nucleobases, and nucleosides in the colon. In addition, acute-colitis-induced elevations in the levels of nucleotides in the liver were observed, accompanied by reduced levels of glucose. DSS-induced acute colitis also resulted in increased levels of oxidized glutathione and attenuated levels of taurine in the spleen. Furthermore, acute colitis resulted in depletion in the levels of gut microbial cometabolites in urine along with an increase in citric acid cycle intermediates. These findings suggest that DSS-induced acute colitis causes a disturbance of lipid and energy metabolism, damage to the colon and liver, a promoted antioxidative and anti-inflammatory response, and perturbed gut microbiotal communities. The information obtained here provided details of the time-dependent and holistic metabolic changes in the development of the DSS-induced acute ulcerative colitis, which could be useful in discovery of novel therapeutic targets for management of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangcong Dong
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
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Siddikuzzaman, Grace VMB. Antioxidant potential of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and enhanced activity of liposome encapsulated ATRA against inflammation and tumor-directed angiogenesis. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2012; 35:164-73. [PMID: 23116338 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2012.736520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has antioxidant property. The study was also focused on its inhibitory effect on the acute and chronic inflammation and tumor-associated capillary formation in terms of angiogenesis in C57BL/6 mice after incorporated in liposome composed of distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC/cholesterol). ATRA possesses a number of important biologic activities including oncostatic, antioxidant and immunostimulatory actions. Our study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of free ATRA by nitric oxide scavenging, superoxide radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging and lipid peroxide scavenging assays. The ATRA showed significant scavenging activities in all these antioxidant assays comparable to the standard antioxidant. We have also evaluated the activity of encapsulated ATRA against anti-inflammatory activity in C57BL/6 mice. The paw oedema inhibition was found in carrageenan model as 55.56% and 66.67% for free ATRA and encapsulated ATRA treatment respectively and for formaldehyde model it was found to be 60.87% and 69.57% respectively compared with saline treated control mice. Encapsulated ATRA inhibited the tumor-associated capillary formation in mice induced by highly metastatic B16F10 melanoma cells significantly than the free ATRA did. In this study the inhibition of tumor-directed capillary formation was found to be 56.25% and 62.50% for free ATRA and encapsulated ATRA treatment respectively. In conclusion, ATRA showed a significant antioxidant property in vitro. Free ATRA has anti-inflammatory activity as proved by us in animal model of acute and chronic inflammation and antiangiogenesis activity. Furthermore, its activity was boosted by encapsulation in liposome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddikuzzaman
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya University, Coimbatore 641114, Tamil Nadu, India
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Carbone A, Psaltis PJ, Nelson AJ, Metcalf R, Richardson JD, Weightman M, Thomas A, Finnie JW, Young GD, Worthley SG. Dietary omega-3 supplementation exacerbates left ventricular dysfunction in an ovine model of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. J Card Fail 2012; 18:502-11. [PMID: 22633309 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cumulative dose-dependent nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) remains a significant risk with the use of some chemotherapeutic agents. In this context, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have been investigated for their cardioprotective potential in rodent and in vitro models of anthracycline toxicity, with conflicting results. This study evaluated prophylactic omega-3 PUFA supplementation in a large-animal model of anthracycline-induced NICM. METHODS AND RESULTS Merino sheep were randomized to oral drenching with omega-3 PUFA (fish oil; n = 8) or olive oil placebo (n = 9) 3 weeks before commencing repeated intracoronary infusions of doxorubicin (DOX) to induce cardiac dysfunction. Cumulative DOX dose was 3.6 mg/kg. Drenching was continued for 12 weeks after final DOX exposure. Despite significant increases in tissue omega-3 PUFA levels (P < .05 vs placebo), omega-3-treated sheep displayed greater signs of anthracycline cardiotoxicity than placebo animals, consisting of left ventricular dilatation and a greater decline in ejection fraction (P < .05), although myocardial fibrosis burden was similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Dietary intake of omega-3 PUFA fails to prevent and may indeed exacerbate DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Clinical use of omega-3 supplementation during chemotherapy should be deferred until more information is available regarding the mechanisms of interaction between fatty acids and the myocardium during anthracycline exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Carbone
- Discipline of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
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Inhibition of NO(2), PGE(2), TNF-α, and iNOS EXpression by Shorea robusta L.: An Ethnomedicine Used for Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Activity. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:254849. [PMID: 22649472 PMCID: PMC3358043 DOI: 10.1155/2012/254849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This paper is an attempt to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities and the possible mechanism of action of tender leaf extracts of Shorea robusta, traditionally used in ailments related to inflammation. The acetic-acid-induced writhing and tail flick tests were carried out for analgesic activity, while the anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in carrageenan-and dextran- induced paw edema and cotton-pellet-induced granuloma model. The acetic-acid-induced vascular permeability, erythrocyte membrane stabilization, release of proinflammatory mediators (nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2), and cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukins-1β and -6) from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human monocytic cell lines were assessed to understand the mechanism of action. The results revealed that both aqueous and methanol extract (400 mg/kg) caused significant reduction of writhing and tail flick, paw edema, granuloma tissue formation (P < 0.01), vascular permeability, and membrane stabilization. Interestingly, the aqueous extract at 40 μg/mL significantly inhibited the production of NO and release of PGE2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Chemically the extract contains flavonoids and triterpenes and toxicity study showed that the extract is safe. Thus, our study validated the scientific rationale of ethnomedicinal use of S. robusta and unveils its mechanism of action. However, chronic toxicological studies with active constituents are needed before its use.
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Induction of group IVC phospholipase A2 in allergic asthma: transcriptional regulation by TNFα in bronchoepithelial cells. Biochem J 2012; 442:127-37. [PMID: 22082005 DOI: 10.1042/bj20111269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Airway inflammation in allergen-induced asthma is associated with eicosanoid release. These bioactive lipids exhibit anti- and pro-inflammatory activities with relevance to pulmonary pathophysiology. We hypothesized that sensitization/challenge using an extract from the ubiquitous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus in a mouse model of allergic asthma would result in altered phospholipase gene expression, thus modulating the downstream eicosanoid pathway. We observed the most significant induction in the group IVC PLA2 (phospholipase A2) [also known as cPLA2γ (cytosolic PLA2γ) or PLA2G4C]. Our results infer that A. fumigatus extract can induce cPLA2γ levels directly in eosinophils, whereas induction in lung epithelial cells is most likely to be a consequence of TNFα (tumour necrosis factor α) secretion by A. fumigatus-activated macrophages. The mechanism of TNFα-dependent induction of cPLA2γ gene expression was elucidated through a combination of promoter deletions, ChIP (chromatin immunoprecipitation) and overexpression studies in human bronchoepithelial cells, leading to the identification of functionally relevant CRE (cAMP-response element), NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) and E-box promoter elements. ChIP analysis demonstrated that RNA polymerase II, ATF-2 (activating transcription factor 2)-c-Jun, p65-p65 and USF (upstream stimulating factor) 1-USF2 complexes are recruited to the cPLA2γ enhancer/promoter in response to TNFα, with overexpression and dominant-negative studies implying a strong level of co-operation and interplay between these factors. Overall, our results link cytokine-mediated alterations in cPLA2γ gene expression with allergic asthma and outline a complex regulatory mechanism.
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Diamond IR, de Silva NT, Tomlinson GA, Pencharz PB, Feldman BM, Moore AM, Ling SC, Wales PW. The role of parenteral lipids in the development of advanced intestinal failure-associated liver disease in infants: a multiple-variable analysis. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2011; 35:596-602. [PMID: 21825088 DOI: 10.1177/0148607111413598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the recent interest in the role of ω-6 lipids in the development of intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD), the authors sought to examine the role of parenteral lipids in the development of a serum conjugated bilirubin >100 µmol/L (5.9 mg/dL; CB100) in infants. METHOD Between 2003 and 2004, data were collected prospectively on infants undergoing an abdominal surgical procedure. Univariate logistic regression models for the prediction of CB100 by 1 year postoperatively were developed. Predictors significant at the 0.2 level on univariate analysis were entered into a backward stepwise multiple variable logistic regression. RESULTS Of 152 infants who received parenteral nutrition (PN) postoperatively, 22 developed CB100. Predictors that met criteria for consideration in the multiple-variable model were age, weight, small bowel length, presence of a stoma, proportion of enteral feeds postoperatively, septic episodes, days of maximal PN amino acid (>2.5 g/kg/d), days of maximal lipid (>2.5 g/kg/d), and PN duration. The final model included septic episodes (odds ratio, 3.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.8-5.9) and days of lipid >2.5 g/kg/d (1.04; 1.003-1.06). At 60 days of maximal lipid, the odds of advanced IFALD were increased 10-fold. CONCLUSIONS This model suggests a key role of parenteral lipids and septic events in the development of CB100 from IFALD. These data may provide targets, such as careful line care, reduction in maximal lipid dose, or alternate lipids such as ω-3 fatty acids, to prevent CB100, an identified marker of subsequent liver failure from IFALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan R Diamond
- Group for Improvement of Intestinal Function and Treatment (GIFT), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
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