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Zhou Z, Mai Y, Zhang G, Wang Y, Sun P, Jing Z, Li Z, Xu Y, Han B, Liu J. Emerging role of immunogenic cell death in cancer immunotherapy: Advancing next-generation CAR-T cell immunotherapy by combination. Cancer Lett 2024; 598:217079. [PMID: 38936505 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a stress-driven form of regulated cell death (RCD) in which dying tumor cells' specific signaling pathways are activated to release damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), leading to the robust anti-tumor immune response as well as a reversal of the tumor immune microenvironment from "cold" to "hot". Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, as a landmark in anti-tumor immunotherapy, plays a formidable role in hematologic malignancies but falls short in solid tumors. The Gordian knot of CAR-T cells for solid tumors includes but is not limited to, tumor antigen heterogeneity or absence, physical and immune barriers of tumors. The combination of ICD induction therapy and CAR-T cell immunotherapy is expected to promote the intensive use of CAR-T cell in solid tumors. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of ICD, stress-responsive mechanism, and the synergistic effect of various ICD-based therapies with CAR-T cells to effectively improve anti-tumor capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaokai Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Yumiao Mai
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Pan Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Zhaohe Jing
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Zhengrui Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yudi Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
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2
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Zhang G, Li J, Li G, Zhang J, Yang Z, Yang L, Jiang S, Wang J. Strategies for treating the cold tumors of cholangiocarcinoma: core concepts and future directions. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:193. [PMID: 39141161 PMCID: PMC11324771 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01460-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare type of digestive tract cancer originating from the epithelial cells of the liver and biliary tract. Current treatment modalities for CCA, such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy, have demonstrated limited efficacy in enhancing survival rates. Despite the revolutionary potential of immunotherapy in cancer management, its application in CCA remains restricted due to the minimal infiltration of immune cells in these tumors, rendering them cold and unresponsive to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Cancer cells within cold tumors deploy various mechanisms for evading immune attack, thus impeding clinical management. Recently, combination immunotherapy has become increasingly essential to comprehend the mechanisms underlying cold tumors to enhance a deficient antitumor immune response. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the knowledge on the combination immunotherapy of cold CCA is imperative to leverage the benefits of immunotherapy in treating patients. Moreover, gut microbiota plays an essential role in the immunotherapeutic responses in CCA. In this review, we summarize the current concepts of immunotherapy in CCA and clarify the intricate dynamics within the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of CCA. We also delve into the evasion mechanisms employed by CCA tumors against the anti-tumor immune responses. The context of combination immunotherapies in igniting cold tumors of CCA and the critical function of gut microbiota in prompting immune responses have also been annotated. Furthermore, we have proposed future directions in the realm of CCA immunotherapy, aiming to improve the clinical prognosis of CCA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- GuanBo Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Vascular Surgery, Chengdu Seventh People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - JinSong Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Vascular Surgery, Chengdu Seventh People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Vascular Surgery, Chengdu Seventh People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Vascular Surgery, Chengdu Seventh People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Vascular Surgery, Chengdu Seventh People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Vascular Surgery, Chengdu Seventh People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - ShiJie Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Vascular Surgery, Chengdu Seventh People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - JiaXing Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Vascular Surgery, Chengdu Seventh People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Liu T, Yao W, Sun W, Yuan Y, Liu C, Liu X, Wang X, Jiang H. Components, Formulations, Deliveries, and Combinations of Tumor Vaccines. ACS NANO 2024; 18:18801-18833. [PMID: 38979917 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c05065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Tumor vaccines, an important part of immunotherapy, prevent cancer or kill existing tumor cells by activating or restoring the body's own immune system. Currently, various formulations of tumor vaccines have been developed, including cell vaccines, tumor cell membrane vaccines, tumor DNA vaccines, tumor mRNA vaccines, tumor polypeptide vaccines, virus-vectored tumor vaccines, and tumor-in-situ vaccines. There are also multiple delivery systems for tumor vaccines, such as liposomes, cell membrane vesicles, viruses, exosomes, and emulsions. In addition, to decrease the risk of tumor immune escape and immune tolerance that may exist with a single tumor vaccine, combination therapy of tumor vaccines with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, cytokines, CAR-T therapy, or photoimmunotherapy is an effective strategy. Given the critical role of tumor vaccines in immunotherapy, here, we look back to the history of tumor vaccines, and we discuss the antigens, adjuvants, formulations, delivery systems, mechanisms, combination therapy, and future directions of tumor vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Wenyan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Wenyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Yihan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Chen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
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4
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Wang SW, Zheng QY, Hong WF, Tang BF, Hsu SJ, Zhang Y, Zheng XB, Zeng ZC, Gao C, Ke AW, Du SS. Mechanism of immune activation mediated by genomic instability and its implication in radiotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Radiother Oncol 2024; 199:110424. [PMID: 38997092 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2024.110424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Various genetic and epigenetic changes associated with genomic instability (GI), including DNA damage repair defects, chromosomal instability, and mitochondrial GI, contribute to development and progression of cancer. These alterations not only result in DNA leakage into the cytoplasm, either directly or through micronuclei, but also trigger downstream inflammatory signals, such as the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway. Apart from directly inducing DNA damage to eliminate cancer cells, radiotherapy (RT) exerts its antitumor effects through intracellular DNA damage sensing mechanisms, leading to the activation of downstream inflammatory signaling pathways. This not only enables local tumor control but also reshapes the immune microenvironment, triggering systemic immune responses. The combination of RT and immunotherapy has emerged as a promising approach to increase the probability of abscopal effects, where distant tumors respond to treatment due to the systemic immunomodulatory effects. This review emphasizes the importance of GI in cancer biology and elucidates the mechanisms by which RT induces GI remodeling of the immune microenvironment. By elucidating the mechanisms of GI and RT-induced immune responses, we aim to emphasize the crucial importance of this approach in modern oncology. Understanding the impact of GI on tumor biological behavior and therapeutic response, as well as the possibility of activating systemic anti-tumor immunity through RT, will pave the way for the development of new treatment strategies and improve prognosis for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Wei Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Qiu-Yi Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Wei-Feng Hong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Bu-Fu Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Shu-Jung Hsu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiao-Bin Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zhao-Chong Zeng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Ai-Wu Ke
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Shi-Suo Du
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China.
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Yoshida K, Asanuma K, Matsuyama Y, Okamoto T, Hagi T, Nakamura T, Sudo A. Release of Exosomal PD-L1 in Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas and Its Relationship to Radiotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2489. [PMID: 39001550 PMCID: PMC11240571 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16132489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Exosomal PD-L1 has garnered attention owing to its role in instigating systemic immune suppression. The objective of this study is to elucidate whether bone and soft tissue sarcoma cells possess the capacity to secrete functionally active exosomal PD-L1 and whether radiotherapy (RT) induces the exosomal PD-L1 release. (2) Methods: Human osteosarcoma cell line 143B and human fibrosarcoma cell line HT1080 were utilized. Exosomes were isolated from the culture medium and blood via ultracentrifugation. The expression of PD-L1 on both tumor cells and exosomes was evaluated. The inhibitory effect on PBMC was employed to assess the activity of exosomal PD-L1. Post radiotherapy, changes in PD-L1 expression were compared. (3) Results: Exosomal PD-L1 was detected in the culture medium of tumor cells but was absent in the culture medium of PD-L1 knockout cells. Exosomal PD-L1 exhibited an inhibitory effect on PBMC activation. In tumor-bearing mice, human-derived exosomal PD-L1 was detected in the bloodstream. Following radiotherapy, tumor cells upregulated PD-L1, and human-derived exosomal PD-L1 were detected in the bloodstream. (4) Conclusions: Exosomal PD-L1 emanates from bone and soft tissue sarcoma cells and is disseminated into the circulatory system. The levels of PD-L1 in tumor cells and the release of exosomal PD-L1 were augmented after irradiation with RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Yoshida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Asanuma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan
| | - Yumi Matsuyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan
| | - Takayuki Okamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo 693-0021, Shimane, Japan
| | - Tomohito Hagi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sudo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan
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6
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Su P, Li O, Ke K, Jiang Z, Wu J, Wang Y, Mou Y, Jin W. Targeting tumor‑associated macrophages: Critical players in tumor progression and therapeutic strategies (Review). Int J Oncol 2024; 64:60. [PMID: 38695252 PMCID: PMC11087038 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2024.5648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor‑associated macrophages (TAMs) are essential components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and display phenotypic heterogeneity and plasticity associated with the stimulation of bioactive molecules within the TME. TAMs predominantly exhibit tumor‑promoting phenotypes involved in tumor progression, such as tumor angiogenesis, metastasis, immunosuppression and resistance to therapies. In addition, TAMs have the potential to regulate the cytotoxic elimination and phagocytosis of cancer cells and interact with other immune cells to engage in the innate and adaptive immune systems. In this context, targeting TAMs has been a popular area of research in cancer therapy, and a comprehensive understanding of the complex role of TAMs in tumor progression and exploration of macrophage‑based therapeutic approaches are essential for future therapeutics against cancers. The present review provided a comprehensive and updated overview of the function of TAMs in tumor progression, summarized recent advances in TAM‑targeting therapeutic strategies and discussed the obstacles and perspectives of TAM‑targeting therapies for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Su
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Center, Division of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Ou Li
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Center, Division of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Kun Ke
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Center, Division of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Zhichen Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Center, Division of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Center, Division of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Center, Division of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Yiping Mou
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Center, Division of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Center, Division of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
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Tham JLM, Ng SP, Khor R, Wada M, Gan H, Thai AA, Corry J, Bahig H, Mäkitie AA, Nuyts S, De Bree R, Strojan P, Ng WT, Eisbruch A, Chow JCH, Ferlito A. Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy in Recurrent and Oligometastatic Head and Neck Tumours. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3020. [PMID: 38892731 PMCID: PMC11173254 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13113020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The treatment of head and neck cancers (HNCs) encompasses a complex paradigm involving a combination of surgery, radiotherapy, and systemic treatment. Locoregional recurrence is a common cause of treatment failure, and few patients are suitable for salvage surgery. Reirradiation with conventional radiation techniques is challenging due to normal tissue tolerance limits and the risk of significant toxicities. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has emerged as a highly conformal modality that offers the potential for cure while limiting the dose to surrounding tissue. There is also growing research that shows that those with oligometastatic disease can benefit from curative intent local ablative therapies such as SBRT. This review will look at published evidence regarding the use of SBRT in locoregional recurrent and oligometastatic HNCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie L. M. Tham
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Olivia Newton-John Cancer and Wellness Centre, Austin Health, Melbourne 3084, Australia
| | - Sweet Ping Ng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Olivia Newton-John Cancer and Wellness Centre, Austin Health, Melbourne 3084, Australia
| | - Richard Khor
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Olivia Newton-John Cancer and Wellness Centre, Austin Health, Melbourne 3084, Australia
| | - Morikatsu Wada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Olivia Newton-John Cancer and Wellness Centre, Austin Health, Melbourne 3084, Australia
| | - Hui Gan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Olivia Newton-John Cancer and Wellness Centre, Austin Health, Melbourne 3084, Australia
| | - Alesha A. Thai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Olivia Newton-John Cancer and Wellness Centre, Austin Health, Melbourne 3084, Australia
| | - June Corry
- GenesisCare, St Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne 3065, Australia
| | - Houda Bahig
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier de L’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 3E4, Canada
| | - Antti A. Mäkitie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Research Program in Systems Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sandra Nuyts
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Remco De Bree
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, VU University Medical Centre, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Primož Strojan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Oncology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Wai Tong Ng
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Avraham Eisbruch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - James C. H. Chow
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queens Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alfio Ferlito
- International Head and Neck Scientific Group, 35100 Padua, Italy
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Yang Q, Yang G, Wu Y, Zhang L, Song Z, Yang D. Bioinformatics analysis and validation of genes related to paclitaxel's anti-breast cancer effect through immunogenic cell death. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28409. [PMID: 38560098 PMCID: PMC10979210 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Research indicated that Paclitaxel (PTX) can induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) through immunogenic modulation. However, the combination of PTX and ICD has not been extensively studied in breast cancer (BRCA). The TCGA-BRCA and GSE20685 datasets were enrolled in this study. Samples from the TCGA-BRCA dataset were consistently clustered based on selected immunogenic cell death-related genes (ICD-RGs). Next, candidate genes were obtained by overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between BRCA and normal groups, intersecting genes common to DEGs between cluster1 and cluster2 and hub module genes, and target genes of PTX from five databases. The univariate Cox algorithm and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) were performed to obtain biomarkers and build a risk model. Following observing the immune microenvironment in differential risk subgroups, single-gene gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was carried out in all biomarkers. Finally, the expression of biomarkers was analyzed. Enrichment analysis showed that 626 intersecting genes were linked with inflammatory response. Further five biomarkers (CHI3L1, IL18, PAPLN, SH2D2A, and UBE2L6) were identified and a risk model was built. The model's performance was validated using GSE20685 dataset. Furthermore, the biomarkers were enriched with adaptive immune response. Lastly, the experimental results indicated that the alterations in IL18, SH2D2A, and CHI3L1 expression after treatment matched those in the public database. In this study, Five PTX-ICD-related biomarkers (CHI3L1, IL18, PAPLN, SH2D2A, and UBE2L6) were identified to aid in predicting BRCA treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianmei Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China
- Yunnan College of Modern Biomedical Industry, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China
| | - Guimei Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China
- Yunnan College of Modern Biomedical Industry, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China
| | - Yi Wu
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China
| | - Lun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China
| | - Zhuoyang Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China
| | - Dan Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China
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9
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XIAO JIJIE, XIAO HONG, CAI YUJUN, LIAO JIANWEI, LIU JUE, YAO LIN, LI SHAOLIN. Codelivery of anti-CD47 antibody and chlorin e6 using a dual pH-sensitive nanodrug for photodynamic immunotherapy of osteosarcoma. Oncol Res 2024; 32:691-702. [PMID: 38560565 PMCID: PMC10972781 DOI: 10.32604/or.2023.030767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a malignant tumor originating from bone tissue that progresses rapidly and has a poor patient prognosis. Immunotherapy has shown great potential in the treatment of osteosarcoma. However, the immunosuppressive microenvironment severely limits the efficacy of osteosarcoma treatment. The dual pH-sensitive nanocarrier has emerged as an effective antitumor drug delivery system that can selectively release drugs into the acidic tumor microenvironment. Here, we prepared a dual pH-sensitive nanocarrier, loaded with the photosensitizer Chlorin e6 (Ce6) and CD47 monoclonal antibodies (aCD47), to deliver synergistic photodynamic and immunotherapy of osteosarcoma. On laser irradiation, Ce6 can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) to kill cancer cells directly and induces immunogenic tumor cell death (ICD), which further facilitates the dendritic cell maturation induced by blockade of CD47 by aCD47. Moreover, both calreticulin released during ICD and CD47 blockade can accelerate phagocytosis of tumor cells by macrophages, promote antigen presentation, and eventually induce T lymphocyte-mediated antitumor immunity. Overall, the dual pH-sensitive nanodrug loaded with Ce6 and aCD47 showed excellent immune-activating and anti-tumor effects in osteosarcoma, which may lay the theoretical foundation for a novel combination model of osteosarcoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- JIJIE XIAO
- Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 510900, China
| | - HONG XIAO
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 528405, China
| | - YUJUN CAI
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - JIANWEI LIAO
- Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 510900, China
| | - JUE LIU
- Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 510900, China
| | - LIN YAO
- Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 510900, China
| | - SHAOLIN LI
- Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 510900, China
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Min L, Wang X, Chen A, Zhou Y, Ge Y, Dai J, Chang X, Sun W, Liu Q, Zhou X, Tian M, Kong W, Zhu J, Shen J, Liu B, Li R. Design of a single-center, phase II trial to explore the efficacy and safety of 'R-ISV-RO' treatment in advanced tumors. Future Oncol 2024; 20:1139-1149. [PMID: 38445361 PMCID: PMC11318728 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2023-0962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The authors' preclinical study has confirmed that RO adjuvant (composed of TLR 7 agonists [imiquimod/R837] and OX40 agonists) injected into local lesions induces the regression of both primary tumor and distant metastasis. The authors propose to realize local control and exert abscopal effect through an 'R-ISV-RO' in situ strategy plus anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody in advanced tumors. Methods: This study is a single-center, exploratory, phase II trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of R-ISV-RO plus anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody in advanced tumors. 30 patients with one or more measurable extracerebral lesions that are accessible for radiation or injection will be enrolled. The primary endpoint is the objective response rate of target lesions. Discussion/Conclusion: The efficacy and safety of the novel strategy will be further validated through this clinical trial.Clinical trial registration: ChiCTR2100053870 (www.chictr.org.cn/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Min
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Gulou District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210008, China
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Gulou District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210008, China
| | - Anni Chen
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Gulou District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210008, China
| | - Yingling Zhou
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Gulou District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210008, China
| | - Yuchen Ge
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Gulou District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210008, China
| | - Juanjuan Dai
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Gulou District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210008, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Gulou District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210008, China
| | - Wu Sun
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Gulou District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210008, China
| | - Qin Liu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Gulou District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210008, China
| | - Xia Zhou
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Gulou District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210008, China
| | - Manman Tian
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Gulou District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210008, China
| | - Wentao Kong
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Gulou District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210008, China
| | - Junmeng Zhu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Gulou District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210008, China
| | - Jie Shen
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Gulou District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210008, China
| | - Baorui Liu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Gulou District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210008, China
| | - Rutian Li
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Gulou District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210008, China
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Zhang H, Xu W, Zhu H, Chen X, Tsai HI. Overcoming the limitations of immunotherapy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Combining radiotherapy and metabolic targeting therapy. J Cancer 2024; 15:2003-2023. [PMID: 38434964 PMCID: PMC10905401 DOI: 10.7150/jca.92502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
As a novel anticancer therapy, immunotherapy has demonstrated robust efficacy against a few solid tumors but poor efficacy against pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). This poor outcome is primarily attributable to the intrinsic cancer cell resistance and T-cell exhaustion, which is also the reason for the failure of conventional therapy. The present review summarizes the current PDAC immunotherapy avenues and the underlying resistance mechanisms. Then, the review discusses synergistic combination therapies, such as radiotherapy (RT) and metabolic targeting. Research suggests that RT boosts the antigen of PDAC, which facilitates the anti-tumor immune cell infiltration and exerts function. Metabolic reprogramming contributes to restoring the exhausted T cell function. The current review will help in tailoring combination regimens to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy. In addition, it will help provide new approaches to address the limitations of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) by examining the relationship among immunotherapy, RT, and metabolism targeting therapy in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wenjin Xu
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Haitao Zhu
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xuelian Chen
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hsiang-I Tsai
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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12
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El Tekle G, Andreeva N, Garrett WS. The Role of the Microbiome in the Etiopathogenesis of Colon Cancer. Annu Rev Physiol 2024; 86:453-478. [PMID: 38345904 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-042022-025619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Studies in preclinical models support that the gut microbiota play a critical role in the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Specific microbial species and their corresponding virulence factors or associated small molecules can contribute to CRC development and progression either via direct effects on the neoplastic transformation of epithelial cells or through interactions with the host immune system. Induction of DNA damage, activation of Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB proinflammatory pathways, and alteration of the nutrient's availability and the metabolic activity of cancer cells are the main mechanisms by which the microbiota contribute to CRC. Within the tumor microenvironment, the gut microbiota alter the recruitment, activation, and function of various immune cells, such as T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Additionally, the microbiota shape the function and composition of cancer-associated fibroblasts and extracellular matrix components, fashioning an immunosuppressive and pro-tumorigenic niche for CRC. Understanding the complex interplay between gut microbiota and tumorigenesis can provide therapeutic opportunities for the prevention and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geniver El Tekle
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases and Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
- The Harvard Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Natalia Andreeva
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases and Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
- The Harvard Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wendy S Garrett
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases and Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
- The Harvard Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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13
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Xuan L, Bai C, Ju Z, Luo J, Guan H, Zhou PK, Huang R. Radiation-targeted immunotherapy: A new perspective in cancer radiotherapy. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2024; 75:1-11. [PMID: 38061920 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
In contemporary oncology, radiation therapy and immunotherapy stand as critical treatments, each with distinct mechanisms and outcomes. Radiation therapy, a key player in cancer management, targets cancer cells by damaging their DNA with ionizing radiation. Its effectiveness is heightened when used alongside other treatments like surgery and chemotherapy. Employing varied radiation types like X-rays, gamma rays, and proton beams, this approach aims to minimize damage to healthy tissue. However, it is not without risks, including potential damage to surrounding normal cells and side effects ranging from skin inflammation to serious long-term complications. Conversely, immunotherapy marks a revolutionary step in cancer treatment, leveraging the body's immune system to target and destroy cancer cells. It manipulates the immune system's specificity and memory, offering a versatile approach either alone or in combination with other treatments. Immunotherapy is known for its targeted action, long-lasting responses, and fewer side effects compared to traditional therapies. The interaction between radiation therapy and immunotherapy is intricate, with potential for both synergistic and antagonistic effects. Their combined use can be more effective than either treatment alone, but careful consideration of timing and sequence is essential. This review explores the impact of various radiation therapy regimens on immunotherapy, focusing on changes in the immune microenvironment, immune protein expression, and epigenetic factors, emphasizing the need for personalized treatment strategies and ongoing research to enhance the efficacy of these combined therapies in cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Xuan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410078, China; Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Chenjun Bai
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Zhao Ju
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410078, China; Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jinhua Luo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410078, China; Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hua Guan
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Ping-Kun Zhou
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Ruixue Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410078, China.
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14
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Bian Y, Zhang Z, Deng X, Wen Q, Li D. Case report: Giant lymph node metastases: a new opportunity for cancer radioimmunotherapy? Front Immunol 2024; 15:1357601. [PMID: 38348039 PMCID: PMC10859527 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1357601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the significant progress made in radiotherapy and chemotherapy for the treatment of cervical cancer, patients with lymph node metastasis still have a poor prognosis. It is widely accepted that lymph node metastasis plays a crucial role in the spread of cancer to other organs and is considered an independent factor in predicting a poor prognosis. However, recent research suggests that the importance of lymph nodes in tumor therapy needs to be reevaluated, as preserving the integrity of lymph nodes before immunotherapy can enhance treatment effectiveness. Case presentation In this report, we present two cases of advanced cervical cancer patients with giant metastatic lymph node lesions in the neck. These patients were effectively treated with a combination of local radiotherapy and immunotherapy after conventional chemoradiotherapy had failed. The combination therapy resulted in significant clinical improvements, with patient 1 achieving over 12 months of progression-free survival (PFS) and patient 2 maintaining sustained remission for an impressive 24 months. Conclusions The combination of local radiotherapy and immunotherapy shows promise as a viable treatment option for cervical cancer patients with distant lymph node metastasis, and the giant lymph node metastases may play an important role in this process, which might provide a new opportunity for cancer radioimmunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Bian
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiangyu Deng
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Qinglian Wen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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15
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Xie L, Zhang Z. Survival benefit of combined immunotherapy and chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced unresectable esophageal cancer: an analysis based on the SEER database. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1334992. [PMID: 38292873 PMCID: PMC10825045 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1334992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background While simultaneous chemoradiotherapy remains the established therapeutic modality for patients afflicted with locally advanced esophageal cancer, the effectiveness of this radical approach falls short of the desired outcome. Numerous investigations have illuminated the prospect of enhancing therapeutic efficacy through the amalgamation of chemoradiotherapy and immunotherapeutic interventions. Consequently, we embarked on an examination to scrutinize the potential survival advantages conferred by the confluence of chemoradiotherapy and immunotherapy in relation to locally advanced unresectable esophageal carcinoma, drawing upon the extensive SEER database for our analysis. Methods We extracted clinicopathological attributes and survival statistics of patients afflicted with locally advanced unresectable esophageal carcinoma, diagnosed within the temporal span encompassing the years 2004-2014 and 2019-2020, from the extensive SEER database. To discern disparities in both overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) between the cohorts subjected to chemoradiotherapy combined with immunotherapy and chemoradiotherapy alone, we employed analytical tools such as Kaplan-Meier analysis, the Log-rank test, the Cox regression proportional risk model, and propensity-matched score (PSM) methodology. Results A total of 7,758 eligible patients were encompassed in this research, with 6,395 individuals having undergone chemoradiotherapy alone, while 1,363 patients received the combined treatment of chemoradiotherapy and immunotherapy. After 1:4 propensity score matching, 6,447 patients were successfully harmonized, yielding a well-balanced cohort. The Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated a substantial enhancement in OS (P = 0.0091) and CSS (P < 0.001) for the group subjected to chemoradiotherapy combined with immunotherapy as compared to chemoradiotherapy alone. Further multivariable analysis with PSM confirmed that chemoradiotherapy combined with immunotherapy benefits OS(HR=0.89, 95% CI 0.81-0.98) and CSS (HR=0.68, 95% CI 0.61-0.76). In addition, Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses of the matched patient groups unveiled several independent prognostic factors for OS and CSS, including sex, age, marital status, tumor location, tumor size, pathologic grade, SEER historic staging, and treatment modality. Among these factors, being female, married, and receiving chemoradiotherapy combined with immunotherapy emerged as independent protective factors, while age exceeding 75 years, non-superior segment tumor location, tumor size greater than 6 cm, Grade 3-4 pathology, and regional SEER historic staging were all found to be independent risk factors. The survival advantage of the chemoradiotherapy combined with the immunotherapy group over the chemoradiotherapy alone group was substantial. Conclusions This investigation furnishes compelling evidence that the integration of immunotherapy with chemoradiotherapy confers a noteworthy survival advantage when contrasted with conventional chemoradiotherapy for individuals grappling with locally advanced unresectable esophageal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyun Xie
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Tangshan Worker's Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Tangshan, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Tangshan Worker's Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Tangshan, China
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16
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Wang Y, Li Y, Yang Y, Swift M, Zhang Z, Wu S, Sun Y, Yang K. In situ vaccination caused by diverse irradiation-driven cell death programs. Theranostics 2024; 14:1147-1167. [PMID: 38323315 PMCID: PMC10845208 DOI: 10.7150/thno.86004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Interest surrounding the effect of irradiation on immune activation has exponentially grown within the last decade. This includes work regarding mechanisms of the abscopal effect and the success achieved by combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy. It is hypothesized that irradiation triggers the immune system to eliminate tumors by inducing tumor cells immunogenic cell death (ICD) in tumor cells. Activation of the ICD pathways can be exploited as an in situ vaccine. In this review, we provide fundamental knowledge of various forms of ICD caused by irradiation, describe the relationship between various cell death pathways and the immune activation effect driven by irradiation, and focus on the therapeutic value of exploiting these cell death programs in the context of irradiation. Furthermore, we summarize the immunomodulatory effect of different cell death programs on combinative radiotherapy and immunotherapy. In brief, differences in cell death programs significantly impact the irradiation-induced immune activation effect. Evaluating the transition between them will provide clues to develop new strategies for radiotherapy and its combination with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Wang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan 430048, China
| | - Yan Li
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan 430048, China
| | - Yuxin Yang
- University of Southern California, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine
| | - Michelle Swift
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1772, USA
| | - Shuhui Wu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yajie Sun
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan 430048, China
| | - Kunyu Yang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan 430048, China
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Huang KCY, Chiang SF, Lin PC, Hong WZ, Yang PC, Chang HP, Peng SL, Chen TW, Ke TW, Liang JA, Chen WTL, Chao KSC. TNFα modulates PANX1 activation to promote ATP release and enhance P2RX7-mediated antitumor immune responses after chemotherapy in colorectal cancer. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:24. [PMID: 38195677 PMCID: PMC10776587 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
ATP and its receptor P2RX7 exert a pivotal effect on antitumor immunity during chemotherapy-induced immunogenic cell death (ICD). Here, we demonstrated that TNFα-mediated PANX1 cleavage was essential for ATP release in response to chemotherapy in colorectal cancer (CRC). TNFα promoted PANX1 cleavage via a caspase 8/3-dependent pathway to enhance cancer cell immunogenicity, leading to dendritic cell maturation and T-cell activation. Blockade of the ATP receptor P2RX7 by the systemic administration of small molecules significantly attenuated the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy and decreased the infiltration of immune cells. In contrast, administration of an ATP mimic markedly increased the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy and enhanced the infiltration of immune cells in vivo. High PANX1 expression was positively correlated with the recruitment of DCs and T cells within the tumor microenvironment and was associated with favorable survival outcomes in CRC patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy. Furthermore, a loss-of-function P2RX7 mutation was associated with reduced infiltration of CD8+ immune cells and poor survival outcomes in patients. Taken together, these results reveal that TNFα-mediated PANX1 cleavage promotes ATP-P2RX7 signaling and is a key determinant of chemotherapy-induced antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Chih-Yang Huang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, ROC.
- Translation Research Core, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, ROC.
- Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Shu-Fen Chiang
- Lab of Precision Medicine, Feng-Yuan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung, 42055, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Chun Lin
- Proton Therapy and Science Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Ze Hong
- Proton Therapy and Science Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Chen Yang
- Proton Therapy and Science Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hui-Ping Chang
- Proton Therapy and Science Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shin-Lei Peng
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tsung-Wei Chen
- Department of Pathology, Asia University Hospital, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tao-Wei Ke
- School of Chinese Medicine and Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ji-An Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Radiotherapy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - William Tzu-Liang Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, China Medical University HsinChu Hospital, China Medical University, HsinChu, 302, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - K S Clifford Chao
- Proton Therapy and Science Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, ROC.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
- Department of Radiotherapy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, ROC.
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18
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Jongbloed M, Khosla AA, Bartolomeo V, Jatwani K, Singh R, De Ruysscher DKM, Hendriks LEL, Desai A. Measured Steps: Navigating the Path of Oligoprogressive Lung Cancer with Targeted and Immunotherapies. Curr Oncol Rep 2024; 26:80-89. [PMID: 38175464 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-023-01490-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review discusses the definitions, treatment modalities, management, future directions, and ongoing clinical trials of oligoprogressive disease in oncogene-driven and non-oncogene-driven NSCLC. RECENT FINDINGS During the last decades, diagnostic and treatment modalities for oligometastatic NSCLC have advanced significantly, leading to improved survival. Additionally, our understanding of the tumor biology of oligoprogressive disease has expanded. However, despite the efforts of organizations, such as EORTC, ESTRO, and ASTRO proposing definitions for oligometastatic and oligoprogressive disease, heterogeneity in definitions persists in (ongoing) trials. Recognizing the significance of subclassification within oligoprogressive disease in NSCLC and the varying risks associated with subsequent metastatic spread, there is a call for tailored management strategies. A consensus on standardized criteria for the definition of oligoprogressive disease is urgently needed and will not only facilitate meaningful comparisons between studies but also pave the way for the development of personalized treatment plans that take into account the heterogeneous nature of oligoprogressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Jongbloed
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Atulya A Khosla
- Division of Internal Medicine, William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Valentina Bartolomeo
- Radiation Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Clinical Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Pavia University, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro Clinic), Maastricht University Medical Center, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction (GROW), Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Karan Jatwani
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Rohit Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Dirk K M De Ruysscher
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro Clinic), Maastricht University Medical Center, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction (GROW), Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Lizza E L Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Aakash Desai
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1824 6th Ave S, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
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Viswanath D, Park J, Misra R, Pizzuti VJ, Shin SH, Doh J, Won YY. Nanotechnology-enhanced radiotherapy and the abscopal effect: Current status and challenges of nanomaterial-based radio-immunotherapy. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1924. [PMID: 37632203 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Rare but consistent reports of abscopal remission in patients challenge the notion that radiotherapy (RT) is a local treatment; radiation-induced cancer cell death can trigger activation and recruitment of dendritic cells to the primary tumor site, which subsequently initiates systemic immune responses against metastatic lesions. Although this abscopal effect was initially considered an anomaly, combining RT with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies has been shown to greatly improve the incidence of abscopal responses via modulation of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that nanomaterials can further improve the reliability and potency of the abscopal effect for various different types of cancer by (1) altering the cell death process to be more immunogenic, (2) facilitating the capture and transfer of tumor antigens from the site of cancer cell death to antigen-presenting cells, and (3) co-delivering immune checkpoint inhibitors along with radio-enhancing agents. Several unanswered questions remain concerning the exact mechanisms of action for nanomaterial-enhanced RT and for its combination with immune checkpoint inhibition and other immunostimulatory treatments in clinically relevant settings. The purpose of this article is to summarize key recent developments in this field and also highlight knowledge gaps that exist in this field. An improved mechanistic understanding will be critical for clinical translation of nanomaterials for advanced radio-immunotherapy. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhushyanth Viswanath
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Jeehun Park
- SOFT Foundry Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Rahul Misra
- Analytical Sciences, Sanofi, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vincenzo J Pizzuti
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sung-Ho Shin
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Junsang Doh
- SOFT Foundry Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Engineering Research, BioMAX, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Yeon Won
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Purdue University Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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20
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Ding K, Mou P, Wang Z, Liu S, Liu J, Lu H, Yu G. The next bastion to be conquered in immunotherapy: microsatellite stable colorectal cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1298524. [PMID: 38187388 PMCID: PMC10770832 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1298524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise, particularly in developing countries. The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has represented a significant advancement in CRC treatment. Deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) or high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) serves as a biomarker for immunotherapy, with dMMR/MSI-H CRC exhibiting significantly better response rates to immunotherapy compared to proficient mismatch repair (pMMR)or microsatellite stable (MSS) CRC. While some progress has been made in the treatment of pMMR/MSS CRC in recent years, it remains a challenging issue in clinical practice. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role not only in the development and progression of CRC but also in determining the response to immunotherapy. Understanding the characteristics of the TME in pMMR/MSS CRC could offer new insights to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy. In this review, we provide an overview of the current research progress on the TME characteristics and advancements in immunotherapy for pMMR/MSS CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Mou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Pudong New Area People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuqing Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - JinPei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ganjun Yu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine & National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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21
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He J, Yan Y, Zhang J, Wei Z, Li H, Xing L. Synergistic treatment strategy: combining CAR-NK cell therapy and radiotherapy to combat solid tumors. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1298683. [PMID: 38162672 PMCID: PMC10755030 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1298683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy, notably chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) modified natural killer (NK) cell therapy, has shown exciting promise in the treatment of hematologic malignancies due to its unique advantages including fewer side effects, diverse activation mechanisms, and wide availability. However, CAR-NK cell therapies have demonstrated limited efficacy against solid tumors, primarily due to challenges posed by the solid tumor microenvironment. In contrast, radiotherapy, a well-established treatment modality, has been proven to modulate the tumor microenvironment and facilitate immune cell infiltration. With these observations, we hypothesize that a novel therapeutic strategy integrating CAR-NK cell therapy with radiotherapy could enhance the ability to treat solid tumors. This hypothesis aims to address the obstacles CAR-NK cell therapies face within the solid tumor microenvironment and explore the potential efficacy of their combination with radiotherapy. By capitalizing on the synergistic advantages of CAR-NK cell therapy and radiotherapy, we posit that this could lead to improved prognoses for patients with solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie He
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yushan Yan
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Asclepius (Soochow) Technology Company Group, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiming Wei
- Asclepius (Soochow) Technology Company Group, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huashun Li
- Asclepius (Soochow) Technology Company Group, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ligang Xing
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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22
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Kahn J, Dabaja B, Wu S, Kelly K, Berkahn L, Pavlovsky A, Sureda A, LaCasce A. Classic Hodgkin lymphoma. Hematol Oncol 2023. [PMID: 38037872 DOI: 10.1002/hon.3239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Classic Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is rare disease, with an incidence of approximately 85,000 patients globally per year and a predilection for adolescents and young adults (ages 15-39). Since the introduction of combination chemotherapy in the 1960's and radiation dating back to the early 1900's, therapeutic options and by extension, clinical outcomes have improved dramatically with 5-year overall survival (OS) approaching 90% today. [1](#ref-0001) Advances in understanding HL biology have additionally facilitated development of targeted agents and immunotherapy which have further improved short and long-term outcomes. Despite continued improvements in up-front and salvage therapy, long-term survivors of HL experience several treatment-associated late toxicities, thus, along with efforts to improve therapeutic efficacy, efforts to reduce late effects remain a high-priority in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Kahn
- Columbia University Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bouthaina Dabaja
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Susan Wu
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kara Kelly
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Leanne Berkahn
- Leukaemia and Blood Cancer New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Anna Sureda
- Institut Catala D'Oncologia Badalona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Ann LaCasce
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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23
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Helm A, Fournier C. High-LET charged particles: radiobiology and application for new approaches in radiotherapy. Strahlenther Onkol 2023; 199:1225-1241. [PMID: 37872399 PMCID: PMC10674019 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-023-02158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The number of patients treated with charged-particle radiotherapy as well as the number of treatment centers is increasing worldwide, particularly regarding protons. However, high-linear energy transfer (LET) particles, mainly carbon ions, are of special interest for application in radiotherapy, as their special physical features result in high precision and hence lower toxicity, and at the same time in increased efficiency in cell inactivation in the target region, i.e., the tumor. The radiobiology of high-LET particles differs with respect to DNA damage repair, cytogenetic damage, and cell death type, and their increased LET can tackle cells' resistance to hypoxia. Recent developments and perspectives, e.g., the return of high-LET particle therapy to the US with a center planned at Mayo clinics, the application of carbon ion radiotherapy using cost-reducing cyclotrons and the application of helium is foreseen to increase the interest in this type of radiotherapy. However, further preclinical research is needed to better understand the differential radiobiological mechanisms as opposed to photon radiotherapy, which will help to guide future clinical studies for optimal exploitation of high-LET particle therapy, in particular related to new concepts and innovative approaches. Herein, we summarize the basics and recent progress in high-LET particle radiobiology with a focus on carbon ions and discuss the implications of current knowledge for charged-particle radiotherapy. We emphasize the potential of high-LET particles with respect to immunogenicity and especially their combination with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Helm
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Claudia Fournier
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt, Germany.
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24
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Sano T, Saito R, Aizawa R, Watanabe T, Murakami K, Kita Y, Masui K, Goto T, Mizowaki T, Kobayashi T. Current trends in the promising immune checkpoint inhibition and radiotherapy combination for locally advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Int J Clin Oncol 2023; 28:1573-1584. [PMID: 37874429 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-023-02421-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Locally advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC) remains a challenging malignancy, though several novel therapeutic drugs have been developed in recent years. Over the past decade, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have shifted the paradigm of therapeutic strategies for UC; however, only a limited number of patients respond to ICI. Since radiotherapy (RT) is widely known to induce systemic immune activation, it may boost the efficacy of ICI. Conversely, RT also causes exhaustion of cytotoxic T cells, and the activation and recruitment of immunosuppressive cells; ICI may help overcome these immunosuppressive effects. Therefore, the combination of ICI and RT has attracted attention in recent years. The therapeutic benefits of this combination therapy and its optimal regimen have not yet been determined through prospective studies. Therefore, this review article aimed to provide an overview of the current preclinical and clinical studies that illustrate the underlying mechanisms and explore the optimization of the RT regimen along with the ICI and RT combination sequence. We also analyzed ongoing prospective studies on ICI and RT combination therapies for metastatic UC. We noted that the tumor response to ICI and RT combination seemingly differs among cancer types. Thus, our findings highlight the need for well-designed prospective trials to determine the optimal combination of ICI and RT for locally advanced and metastatic UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Sano
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Kansai Medical University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata-shi, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoinkawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Saito
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoinkawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Rihito Aizawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-Applied Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoinkawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Watanabe
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, 2 Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka, 590-0494, Japan
| | - Kaoru Murakami
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoinkawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yuki Kita
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoinkawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kimihiko Masui
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoinkawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takayuki Goto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoinkawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takashi Mizowaki
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-Applied Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoinkawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoinkawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
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25
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Van Gool SW, Van de Vliet P, Kampers LFC, Kosmal J, Sprenger T, Reich E, Schirrmacher V, Stuecker W. Methods behind oncolytic virus-based DC vaccines in cancer: Toward a multiphase combined treatment strategy for Glioblastoma (GBM) patients. Methods Cell Biol 2023; 183:51-113. [PMID: 38548421 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) remains an orphan cancer disease with poor outcome. Novel treatment strategies are needed. Immunotherapy has several modes of action. The addition of active specific immunotherapy with dendritic cell vaccines resulted in improved overall survival of patients. Integration of DC vaccination within the first-line combined treatment became a challenge, and immunogenic cell death immunotherapy during chemotherapy was introduced. We used a retrospective analysis using real world data to evaluate the complex combined treatment, which included individualized multimodal immunotherapy during and after standard of care, and which required adaptations during treatment, and found a further improvement of overall survival. We also discuss the use of real world data as evidence. Novel strategies to move the field of individualized multimodal immunotherapy forward for GBM patients are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ella Reich
- Immun-onkologisches Zentrum Köln, Cologne, Germany
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26
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Galassi C, Klapp V, Formenti SC, Demaria S, Galluzzi L. Immunologically relevant effects of radiation therapy on the tumor microenvironment. Essays Biochem 2023; 67:979-989. [PMID: 37199227 PMCID: PMC10543618 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20220248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Focal radiation therapy (RT) has been successfully employed to clinically manage multiple types of cancer for more than a century. Besides being preferentially cytotoxic for malignant cells over their nontransformed counterparts, RT elicits numerous microenvironmental alterations that appear to factor into its therapeutic efficacy. Here, we briefly discuss immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive microenvironmental changes elicited by RT and their impact on tumor recognition by the host immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Galassi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vanessa Klapp
- Tumor Stroma Interactions, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Silvia C. Formenti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sandra Demaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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27
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Yu J, Li M, Ren B, Cheng L, Wang X, Ma Z, Yong WP, Chen X, Wang L, Goh BC. Unleashing the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: factors, strategies, and ongoing trials. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1261575. [PMID: 37719852 PMCID: PMC10501787 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1261575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent primary liver cancer, representing approximately 85% of cases. The diagnosis is often made in the middle and late stages, necessitating systemic treatment as the primary therapeutic option. Despite sorafenib being the established standard of care for advanced HCC in the past decade, the efficacy of systemic therapy remains unsatisfactory, highlighting the need for novel treatment modalities. Recent breakthroughs in immunotherapy have shown promise in HCC treatment, particularly with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, the response rate to ICIs is currently limited to approximately 15%-20% of HCC patients. Recently, ICIs demonstrated greater efficacy in "hot" tumors, highlighting the urgency to devise more effective approaches to transform "cold" tumors into "hot" tumors, thereby enhancing the therapeutic potential of ICIs. This review presented an updated summary of the factors influencing the effectiveness of immunotherapy in HCC treatment, identified potential combination therapies that may improve patient response rates to ICIs, and offered an overview of ongoing clinical trials focusing on ICI-based combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Yu
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Mengnan Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Boxu Ren
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Le Cheng
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Zhaowu Ma
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Wei Peng Yong
- Department of Haematology–Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon Cher Goh
- Department of Haematology–Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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28
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Oliyapour Y, Dabiri S, Molavi O, Hejazi MS, Davaran S, Jafari S, Montazersaheb S. Chrysin and chrysin-loaded nanocarriers induced immunogenic cell death on B16 melanoma cells. Med Oncol 2023; 40:278. [PMID: 37624439 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02145-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Induction of immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy. Chrysin, which has potential anticancer effects, faces limitations in clinical applications due to its poor water solubility. This study aimed to formulate chrysin with PEG-poly(α-benzylcarboxylate-ε-caprolactone) (PBCL) nanoparticles (NPs) and assess their anticancer and ICD-inducing potency in melanoma cells, comparing with free chrysin. The co-solvent evaporation method was employed to develop chrysin-loaded NPs. UV spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and the dialysis bag method were used to evaluate the encapsulation efficiency (EE), particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and drug release profile, respectively. The anticancer effects of the drugs were assessed using the MTT and trypan blue exclusion assays. Flow cytometry was employed to evaluate apoptosis and calreticulin (CRT) expression. ELISA and western blotting were used to detect heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), Annexin A1, GRP78 (Glucose-related protein78), and activated protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (p-PERK). Chrysin-loaded PEG-PBCL NPs (chrysin-PEG-PBCL) showed an EE of 97 ± 1%. Chrysin-PEG-PBCL was 38.18 ± 3.96 nm in size, with a PDI being 0.62 ± 0.23. Chrysin-PEG-PBCL showed an initial burst release, followed by sustained release over 24 h. Chrysin-PEG-PBCL exhibited a significantly stronger anticancer effect in B16 cells. Chrysin-PEG-PBCL was found to be more potent in inducing apoptosis. Both free chrysin and chrysin NPs induced ICD as indicated by an increase in the levels of ICD biomarkers. Interestingly, chrysin NPs were found to be more potent inducers of ICD than the free drug. These findings demonstrate that chrysin and chrysin-PEG-PBCL NPs can induce ICD in B16 cells. PEG-PBCL NPs significantly enhanced the potency of chrysin in inducing ICD compared to its free form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Oliyapour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sheida Dabiri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ommoleila Molavi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saeid Hejazi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166614731, Iran
| | - Soodabeh Davaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sevda Jafari
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166614711, Iran.
| | - Soheila Montazersaheb
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166614731, Iran.
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29
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Wei J, Lu X, Liu Q, Fu Y, Liu S, Zhao Y, Zhou J, Chen H, Wang M, Li L, Yang J, Liu F, Zheng L, Yin H, Yang Y, Zhou C, Zeng P, Zhou X, Ding N, Chen S, Zhao X, Yan J, Fan X, Guan W, Liu B. Neoadjuvant sintilimab in combination with concurrent chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma: a single-arm phase 2 trial. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4904. [PMID: 37580320 PMCID: PMC10425436 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40480-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In this multicenter, single-arm phase 2 trial (ChiCTR1900024428), patients with locally advanced gastric/gastroesophageal junction cancers receive one cycle of sintilimab (anti-PD1) and chemotherapy (S-1 and nab-paclitaxel), followed by 5 weeks of concurrent chemoradiotherapy and sintilimab, and another cycle of sintilimab and chemotherapy thereafter. Surgery is preferably scheduled within one to three weeks, and three cycles of adjuvant sintilimab and chemotherapy are administrated. The primary endpoint is the pathological complete response. Our results meet the pre-specified primary endpoint. Thirteen of 34 (38.2%) enrolled patients achieve pathological complete response (95% CI: 22.2-56.4). The secondary objectives include disease-free survival (DFS), major pathological response, R0 resection rate, overall survival (OS), event-free survival (EFS), and safety profile. The median DFS and EFS were 17.0 (95%CI: 11.1-20.9) and 21.1 (95%CI: 14.7-26.1) months, respectively, while the median OS was not reached, and the 1-year OS rate was 92.6% (95%CI: 50.1-99.5%). Seventeen patients (50.0%) have grade ≥3 adverse events during preoperative therapy. In prespecified exploratory biomarker analysis, CD3+ T cells, CD56+ NK cells, and the M1/M1 + M2-like macrophage infiltration at baseline are associated with pathological complete response. Here, we show the promising efficacy and manageable safety profile of sintilimab in combination with concurrent chemoradiotherapy for the perioperative treatment of locally advanced gastric/gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wei
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Qin Liu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yao Fu
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Medical Affairs, 3D Medicines Inc, Shanghai, 201114, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Ju Yang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Fangcen Liu
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Liming Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Haitao Yin
- Department of Radiotherapy, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, 221009, China
| | - Yang Yang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Chong Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, 221009, China
| | - Ping Zeng
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Naiqing Ding
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Shiqing Chen
- Medical Affairs, 3D Medicines Inc, Shanghai, 201114, China
| | - Xiaochen Zhao
- Medical Affairs, 3D Medicines Inc, Shanghai, 201114, China
| | - Jing Yan
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xiangshan Fan
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Wenxian Guan
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Baorui Liu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
- Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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Turner RJ, Guy TV, Geraghty NJ, Splitt A, Watson D, Brungs D, Carolan MG, Miller AA, de Leon JF, Aghmesheh M, Sluyter R. Low Pretreatment CD4 +:CD8 + T Cell Ratios and CD39 +CD73 +CD19 + B Cell Proportions Are Associated with Improved Relapse-Free Survival in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12538. [PMID: 37628721 PMCID: PMC10454544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 are present on immune cells and play important roles in cancer progression by suppressing antitumour immunity. As such, CD39 and CD73 on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are emerging as potential biomarkers to predict disease outcomes and treatment responses in cancer patients. This study aimed to examine T and B cells, including CD39 and CD73 expressing subsets, by flow cytometry in PBMCs from 28 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and to assess the correlation with the treatment modality, human papillomavirus (HPV) status, and relapse-free survival (RFS). The PBMCs were examined pre-, mid-, and post-radiotherapy with concurrent cisplatin chemotherapy or anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody (cetuximab) therapy. Combination radiotherapy caused changes to T and B cell populations, including CD39 and CD73 expressing subsets, but no such differences were observed between concurrent chemotherapy and cetuximab. Pretreatment PBMCs from HPV+ patients contained increased proportions of CD39-CD73-CD4+ T cells and reduced proportions of CD39-/+CD73+CD4+ T cells compared to the equivalent cells from HPV- patients. Notably, the pretreatment CD4+:CD8+ T cell ratios and CD39+CD73+CD19+ B cell proportions below the respective cohort medians corresponded with an improved RFS. Collectively, this study supports the notion that CD39 and CD73 may contribute to disease outcomes in HNSCC patients and may assist as biomarkers, either alone or as part of immune signatures, in HNSCC. Further studies of CD39 and CD73 on PBMCs from larger cohorts of HNSCC patients are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross J. Turner
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (R.J.T.); (N.J.G.); (D.W.)
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia;
| | - Thomas V. Guy
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia;
| | - Nicholas J. Geraghty
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (R.J.T.); (N.J.G.); (D.W.)
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia;
| | - Ashleigh Splitt
- Illawarra Cancer Care Centre, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia; (A.S.); (D.B.); (M.G.C.); (A.A.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Debbie Watson
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (R.J.T.); (N.J.G.); (D.W.)
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia;
| | - Daniel Brungs
- Illawarra Cancer Care Centre, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia; (A.S.); (D.B.); (M.G.C.); (A.A.M.); (M.A.)
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Martin G. Carolan
- Illawarra Cancer Care Centre, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia; (A.S.); (D.B.); (M.G.C.); (A.A.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Andrew A. Miller
- Illawarra Cancer Care Centre, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia; (A.S.); (D.B.); (M.G.C.); (A.A.M.); (M.A.)
| | | | - Morteza Aghmesheh
- Illawarra Cancer Care Centre, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia; (A.S.); (D.B.); (M.G.C.); (A.A.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Ronald Sluyter
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (R.J.T.); (N.J.G.); (D.W.)
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia;
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Zhang J, Wang S, Zhang D, He X, Wang X, Han H, Qin Y. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems to enhance cancer immunotherapy in solid tumors. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1230893. [PMID: 37600822 PMCID: PMC10435760 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1230893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has developed rapidly in solid tumors, especially in the areas of blocking inhibitory immune checkpoints and adoptive T-cell transfer for immune regulation. Many patients benefit from immunotherapy. However, the response rate of immunotherapy in the overall population are relatively low, which depends on the characteristics of the tumor and individualized patient differences. Moreover, the occurrence of drug resistance and adverse reactions largely limit the development of immunotherapy. Recently, the emergence of nanodrug delivery systems (NDDS) seems to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy by encapsulating drug carriers in nanoparticles to precisely reach the tumor site with high stability and biocompatibility, prolonging the drug cycle of action and greatly reducing the occurrence of toxic side effects. In this paper, we mainly review the advantages of NDDS and the mechanisms that enhance conventional immunotherapy in solid tumors, and summarize the recent advances in NDDS-based therapeutic strategies, which will provide valuable ideas for the development of novel tumor immunotherapy regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Daidi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Academy of Medical Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huiqiong Han
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanru Qin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Czajka-Francuz P, Prendes MJ, Mankan A, Quintana Á, Pabla S, Ramkissoon S, Jensen TJ, Peiró S, Severson EA, Achyut BR, Vidal L, Poelman M, Saini KS. Mechanisms of immune modulation in the tumor microenvironment and implications for targeted therapy. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1200646. [PMID: 37427115 PMCID: PMC10325690 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1200646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of cancer therapies is limited to a great extent by immunosuppressive mechanisms within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Numerous immune escape mechanisms have been identified. These include not only processes associated with tumor, immune or stromal cells, but also humoral, metabolic, genetic and epigenetic factors within the TME. The identification of immune escape mechanisms has enabled the development of small molecules, nanomedicines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell and epigenetic therapies that can reprogram the TME and shift the host immune response towards promoting an antitumor effect. These approaches have translated into series of breakthroughs in cancer therapies, some of which have already been implemented in clinical practice. In the present article the authors provide an overview of some of the most important mechanisms of immunosuppression within the TME and the implications for targeted therapies against different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ángela Quintana
- Breast Cancer Unit, Vall d'Hebrón Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Sandra Peiró
- Breast Cancer Unit, Vall d'Hebrón Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Kamal S. Saini
- Fortrea, Inc., Durham, NC, United States
- Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Arcovito G, Palomba A, Gallo O, Franchi A. The Histological Background of Recurrence in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Insight into the Modifications of Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3259. [PMID: 37370868 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent laryngeal carcinoma presents differences from the primary tumor that largely depend on the treatment. In this article, we review the histologic and molecular treatment-induced changes that may affect the diagnosis of recurrent laryngeal carcinoma, the assessment of predictive markers, and the response to treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Radiotherapy induces profound modifications that are strictly related to necrosis of different tissue components, fibrosis, and damage of the tumor vessels. Postradiotherapy recurrent/persistent laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma typically presents a discohesive growth pattern within a fibrotic background associated with significant changes of the tumor immune microenvironment, with both important immunosuppressive and immunostimulatory effects. Overall, the increase of immunoregulatory cells and immune checkpoints such as CTLA-4, TIM-3, PD-1, and PD-L1 induced by radiotherapy and chemotherapy strongly supports the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in recurrent/persistent laryngeal carcinoma. Future studies aiming to identify predictive factors of the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors should consider such treatment-induced modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Arcovito
- Section of Pathology, Department of Translational Research, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Annarita Palomba
- Unit of Histopathology and Molecular Diagnostic, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Oreste Gallo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Franchi
- Section of Pathology, Department of Translational Research, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Dabaja B, Spiotto M. Radiation for hematologic malignancies: from cell killing to immune cell priming. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1205836. [PMID: 37384297 PMCID: PMC10299853 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1205836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past half-century, the role of radiotherapy has been revolutionized, in part, by a shift from intent to directly kill cancer cells to the goal of priming anti-tumor immune responses that attack both irradiated and non-irradiated tumors. Stimulation of anti-tumor immunity depends on the interplay between radiation, the tumor microenvironment, and the host immune system, which is a burgeoning concept in cancer immunology. While the interplay of radiotherapy and the immune system has been primarily studied in solid tumors, we are beginning to understand this interplay in hematological malignancies. The intent of this review is to lead readers through some of the important recent advances in immunotherapy and adoptive cell therapy, highlighting the best available evidence in support of incorporating radiation therapy and immunotherapy into the treatment of hematological malignancies. Evidence is presented regarding how radiation therapy 'converses' with the immune system to stimulate and enhance anti-tumor immune responses. This pro-immunogenic role of radiotherapy can be combined with monoclonal antibodies, cytokines and/or other immunostimulatory agents to enhance the regression of hematological malignancies. Furthermore, we will discuss how radiotherapy facilitates the effectiveness of cellular immunotherapies by acting as a "bridge" that facilitated CAR T cell engraftment and activity. These initial studies suggest radiotherapy may help catalyze a shift from using chemotherapy-intensive treatment to treatment that is "chemo-free" by combining with immunotherapy to target both the radiated and non-irradiated disease sites. This "journey" has opened the door for novel uses of radiotherapy in hematological malignancies due to its ability to prime anti-tumor immune responses which can augment immunotherapy and adoptive cell-based therapy.
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Chi A, Nguyen NP. Mechanistic rationales for combining immunotherapy with radiotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1125905. [PMID: 37377970 PMCID: PMC10291094 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1125905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy consisted mainly of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has led to significantly improved antitumor response. However, such response has been observed only in tumors possessing an overall responsive tumor immune micro-environment (TIME), in which the presence of functional tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is critical. Various mechanisms of immune escape from immunosurveillance exist, leading to different TIME phenotypes in correlation with primary or acquired resistance to ICIs. Radiotherapy has been shown to induce antitumor immunity not only in the irradiated primary tumor, but also at unirradiated distant sites of metastases. Such antitumor immunity is mainly elicited by radiation's stimulatory effects on antigenicity and adjuvanticity. Furthermore, it may be significantly augmented when irradiation is combined with immunotherapy, such as ICIs. Therefore, radiotherapy represents one potential therapeutic strategy to restore anti-tumor immunity in tumors presenting with an unresponsive TIME. In this review, the generation of anti-tumor immunity, its impairment, radiation's immunogenic properties, and the antitumor effects of combining radiation with immunotherapy will be comprehensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Chi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Capital Medical University Xuanwu Hospital, Beijing, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Nam Phong Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
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36
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Eek Mariampillai A, Hauge S, Kongsrud K, Syljuåsen RG. Immunogenic cell death after combined treatment with radiation and ATR inhibitors is dually regulated by apoptotic caspases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1138920. [PMID: 37346039 PMCID: PMC10279842 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1138920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Inhibitors of the ATR kinase act as radiosensitizers through abrogating the G2 checkpoint and reducing DNA repair. Recent studies suggest that ATR inhibitors can also increase radiation-induced antitumor immunity, but the underlying immunomodulating mechanisms remain poorly understood. Moreover, it is poorly known how such immune effects relate to different death pathways such as caspase-dependent apoptosis. Here we address whether ATR inhibition in combination with irradiation may increase the presentation of hallmark factors of immunogenic cell death (ICD), and to what extent caspase activation regulates this response. Methods Human lung cancer and osteosarcoma cell lines (SW900, H1975, H460, U2OS) were treated with X-rays and ATR inhibitors (VE822; AZD6738) in the absence and presence of a pan-caspase inhibitor. The ICD hallmarks HMGB1 release, ATP secretion and calreticulin surface-presentation were assessed by immunoblotting of growth medium, the CellTiter-Glo assay and an optimized live-cell flow cytometry assay, respectively. To obtain accurate measurement of small differences in the calreticulin signal by flow cytometry, we included normalization to a barcoded control sample. Results Extracellular release of HMGB1 was increased in all the cell lines at 72 hours after the combined treatment with radiation and ATR inhibitors, relative to mock treatment or cells treated with radiation alone. The HMGB1 release correlated largely - but not strictly - with loss of plasma membrane integrity, and was suppressed by addition of the caspase inhibitor. However, one cell line showed HMGB1 release despite caspase inhibition, and in this cell line caspase inhibition induced pMLKL, a marker for necroptosis. ATP secretion occurred already at 48 hours after the co-treatment and did clearly not correlate with loss of plasma membrane integrity. Addition of pan-caspase inhibition further increased the ATP secretion. Surface-presentation of calreticulin was increased at 24-72 hours after irradiation, but not further increased by either ATR or caspase inhibition. Conclusion These results show that ATR inhibition can increase the presentation of two out of three ICD hallmark factors from irradiated human cancer cells. Moreover, caspase activation distinctly affects each of the hallmark factors, and therefore likely plays a dual role in tumor immunogenicity by promoting both immunostimulatory and -suppressive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Eek Mariampillai
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sissel Hauge
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karoline Kongsrud
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Randi G. Syljuåsen
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Galluzzi L, Aryankalayil MJ, Coleman CN, Formenti SC. Emerging evidence for adapting radiotherapy to immunotherapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2023:10.1038/s41571-023-00782-x. [PMID: 37280366 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-023-00782-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized the clinical management of many malignancies but is infrequently associated with durable objective responses when used as a standalone treatment approach, calling for the development of combinatorial regimens with superior efficacy and acceptable toxicity. Radiotherapy, the most commonly used oncological treatment, has attracted considerable attention as a combination partner for immunotherapy owing to its well-known and predictable safety profile, widespread clinical availability, and potential for immunostimulatory effects. However, numerous randomized clinical trials investigating radiotherapy-immunotherapy combinations have failed to demonstrate a therapeutic benefit compared with either modality alone. Such a lack of interaction might reflect suboptimal study design, choice of end points and/or administration of radiotherapy according to standard schedules and target volumes. Indeed, radiotherapy has empirically evolved towards radiation doses and fields that enable maximal cancer cell killing with manageable toxicity to healthy tissues, without much consideration of potential radiation-induced immunostimulatory effects. Herein, we propose the concept that successful radiotherapy-immunotherapy combinations might require modifications of standard radiotherapy regimens and target volumes to optimally sustain immune fitness and enhance the antitumour immune response in support of meaningful clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Molykutty J Aryankalayil
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - C Norman Coleman
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Silvia C Formenti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
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He X, Zhao D, Zhang X, Ma Y, Zhang R, Huang Z, Wang G, Guo G, Wang W, Wen Y, Zhang L. Intrinsic Immunogenic Tumor Cell Death Subtypes Delineate Prognosis and Responsiveness to Immunotherapy in Lung Adenocarcinoma. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:808. [PMID: 37372093 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the combination of activation of host immunogenic cell death (ICD) and tumor-directed cytotoxic strategies. However, overall multiomic analysis of the intrinsic ICD property in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has not been performed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop an ICD-based risk scoring system to predict overall survival (OS) and immunotherapeutic efficacy in patients. In our study, both weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and LASSO-Cox analysis were utilized to identify ICDrisk subtypes (ICDrisk). Moreover, we identify genomic alterations and differences in biological processes, analyze the immune microenvironment, and predict the response to immunotherapy in patients with pan-cancer. Importantly, immunogenicity subgroup typing was performed based on the immune score (IS) and microenvironmental tumor neoantigens (meTNAs). Our results demonstrate that ICDrisk subtypes were identified based on 16 genes. Furthermore, high ICDrisk was proved to be a poor prognostic factor in LUAD patients and indicated poor efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment in patients with pan-cancer. The two ICDrisk subtypes displayed distinct clinicopathologic features, tumor-infiltrating immune cell patterns, and biological processes. The ISlowmeTNAhigh subtype showed low intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) and immune-activated phenotypes and correlated with better survival than the other subtypes within the high ICDrisk group. This study suggests effective biomarkers for the prediction of OS in LUAD patients and immunotherapeutic response across Pan-cancer and contributes to enhancing our understanding of intrinsic immunogenic tumor cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Dechang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xuewen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yiyang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Rusi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Zirui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Gongming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Guangran Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yingsheng Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Lanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
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Mao L, Zhou JJ, Xiao Y, Yang QC, Yang SC, Wang S, Wu ZZ, Xiong HG, Yu HJ, Sun ZJ. Immunogenic hypofractionated radiotherapy sensitising head and neck squamous cell carcinoma to anti-PD-L1 therapy in MDSC-dependent manner. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:2126-2139. [PMID: 36977825 PMCID: PMC10206106 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02230-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhancing the response rate of immunotherapy will aid in the success of cancer treatment. Here, we aimed to explore the combined effect of immunogenic radiotherapy with anti-PD-L1 treatment in immunotherapy-resistant HNSCC mouse models. METHODS The SCC7 and 4MOSC2 cell lines were irradiated in vitro. SCC7-bearing mice were treated with hypofractionated or single-dose radiotherapy followed by anti-PD-L1 therapy. The myeloid-derived suppressive cells (MDSCs) were depleted using an anti-Gr-1 antibody. Human samples were collected to evaluate the immune cell populations and ICD markers. RESULTS Irradiation increased the release of immunogenic cell death (ICD) markers (calreticulin, HMGB1 and ATP) in SCC7 and 4MOSC2 in a dose-dependent manner. The supernatant from irradiated cells upregulated the expression of PD-L1 in MDSCs. Mice treated with hypofractionated but not single-dose radiotherapy were resistant to tumour rechallenge by triggering ICD, when combined with anti-PD-L1 treatment. The therapeutic efficacy of combination treatment partially relies on MDSCs. The high expression of ICD markers was associated with activation of adaptive immune responses and a positive prognosis in HNSCC patients. CONCLUSION These results present a translatable method to substantially improve the antitumor immune response by combining PD-L1 blockade with immunogenic hypofractionated radiotherapy in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Mao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 430079, Wuhan, China
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 430079, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 430079, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 430079, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi-Chao Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 430079, Wuhan, China
| | - Shao-Chen Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 430079, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 430079, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Zhong Wu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 430079, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-Gang Xiong
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 430079, Wuhan, China
| | - Hai-Jun Yu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Hubei Province Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zhi-Jun Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 430079, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 430079, Wuhan, China.
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Lambing S, Tan YP, Vasileiadou P, Holdenrieder S, Müller P, Hagen C, Garbe S, Behrendt R, Schlee M, van den Boorn JG, Bartok E, Renn M, Hartmann G. RIG-I immunotherapy overcomes radioresistance in p53-positive malignant melanoma. J Mol Cell Biol 2023; 15:mjad001. [PMID: 36626927 PMCID: PMC10394996 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy induces DNA damage, resulting in cell-cycle arrest and activation of cell-intrinsic death pathways. However, the radioresistance of some tumour entities such as malignant melanoma limits its clinical application. The innate immune sensing receptor retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) is ubiquitously expressed and upon activation triggers an immunogenic form of cell death in a variety of tumour cell types including melanoma. To date, the potential of RIG-I ligands to overcome radioresistance of tumour cells has not been investigated. Here, we demonstrate that RIG-I activation enhanced the extent and immunogenicity of irradiation-induced tumour cell death in human and murine melanoma cells in vitro and improved survival in the murine B16 melanoma model in vivo. Transcriptome analysis pointed to a central role for p53, which was confirmed using p53-/- B16 cells. In vivo, the additional effect of RIG-I in combination with irradiation on tumour growth was absent in mice carrying p53-/- B16 tumours, while the antitumoural response to RIG-I stimulation alone was maintained. Our results identify p53 as a pivotal checkpoint that is triggered by RIG-I resulting in enhanced irradiation-induced tumour cell death. Thus, the combined administration of RIG-I ligands and radiotherapy is a promising approach to treating radioresistant tumours with a functional p53 pathway, such as melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Lambing
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Yu Pan Tan
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Paraskevi Vasileiadou
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Stefan Holdenrieder
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, German Heart Centre, Munich 80636, Germany
| | - Patrick Müller
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Christian Hagen
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Stephan Garbe
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Rayk Behrendt
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Martin Schlee
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Jasper G van den Boorn
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Eva Bartok
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
- Unit of Experimental Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp 2000, Belgium
- Institute of Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Marcel Renn
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
- Mildred Scheel School of Oncology, Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Gunther Hartmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
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Xie L, Ding Y, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Zeng S, Wang L, Yang Z, Liu Q, Hu ZW. A Cascade-Targeted Enzyme-Instructed Peptide Self-Assembly Strategy for Cancer Immunotherapy through Boosting Immunogenic Cell Death. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2201416. [PMID: 36965100 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) approaches by encumbering mitochondrial functions provide great promise for the treatment of malignant tumors, but these kinds of ICD strategies are still in their infancy. Here, one multifunctional drug-loaded, cascade-targeted, and enzyme-instructed self-assembling peptide nanomedicine (Comp. 4) for ICD-based cancer therapy is constructed. Comp. 4 consists of 1) lonidamine (LND) that specifically interferes with mitochondrial functions; 2) a programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) binding peptide sequence (NTYYEDQG) and a mitochondria-specific motif (triphenylphosphonium, TPP) that can sequentially control the cell membrane and mitochondria targeting capacities, respectively; and 3) a -GD FD FpD Y- assembly core to in situ organize peptide assemblies responsive to alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Comp. 4 demonstrates noticeable structural and morphological transformations in the presence of ALP and produces peptide assemblies in mouse colon cancer cells (CT26) with high expressions of both ALP and PD-L1. Moreover, the presence of PD-L1- and mitochondria-specific motifs can assist Comp. 4 for effective endocytosis and endosomal escape, forming peptide assemblies and delivering LND into mitochondria. Consequently, Comp. 4 shows superior capacities to in vivo induce abundant mitochondrial oxidative stress, provoke robust ICD responses, and produce an immunogenic tumor microenvironment, successfully inhibiting CT26 tumor growth by eliciting a systemic ICD-based antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yinghao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Zhenghao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Zeng
- Department of Urology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Zhimou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Wen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
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Liu Z, Xu X, Liu K, Zhang J, Ding D, Fu R. Immunogenic Cell Death in Hematological Malignancy Therapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207475. [PMID: 36815385 PMCID: PMC10161053 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Although the curative effect of hematological malignancies has been improved in recent years, relapse or drug resistance of hematological malignancies will eventually recur. Furthermore, the microenvironment disorder is an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of hematological malignancies. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a unique mechanism of regulated cell death (RCD) that triggers an intact antigen-specific adaptive immune response by firing a set of danger signals or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which is an immunotherapeutic modality with the potential for the treatment of hematological malignancies. This review summarizes the existing knowledge about the induction of ICD in hematological malignancies and the current research on combining ICD inducers with other treatment strategies for hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyun Liu
- Department of HematologyTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin300052P. R. China
| | - Xintong Xu
- Department of HematologyTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin300052P. R. China
| | - Kaining Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyKey Laboratory of Bioactive, Materials, Ministry of Education and College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
| | - Jingtian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyKey Laboratory of Bioactive, Materials, Ministry of Education and College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
| | - Dan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyKey Laboratory of Bioactive, Materials, Ministry of Education and College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
| | - Rong Fu
- Department of HematologyTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin300052P. R. China
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Stenmark Tullberg A, Sjöström M, Niméus E, Killander F, Chang SL, Feng FY, Speers CW, Pierce LJ, Kovács A, Lundstedt D, Holmberg E, Karlsson P. Integrating Tumor-Intrinsic and Immunologic Factors to Identify Immunogenic Breast Cancers from a Low-Risk Cohort: Results from the Randomized SweBCG91RT Trial. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:1783-1793. [PMID: 37071498 PMCID: PMC10150244 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-2746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The local immune infiltrate's influence on tumor progression may be closely linked to tumor-intrinsic factors. The study aimed to investigate whether integrating immunologic and tumor-intrinsic factors can identify patients from a low-risk cohort who may be candidates for radiotherapy (RT) de-escalation. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The SweBCG91RT trial included 1,178 patients with stage I to IIA breast cancer, randomized to breast-conserving surgery with or without adjuvant RT, and followed for a median of 15.2 years. We trained two models designed to capture immunologic activity and immunomodulatory tumor-intrinsic qualities, respectively. We then analyzed if combining these two variables could further stratify tumors, allowing for identifying a subgroup where RT de-escalation is feasible, despite clinical indicators of a high risk of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR). RESULTS The prognostic effect of the immunologic model could be predicted by the tumor-intrinsic model (Pinteraction = 0.01). By integrating measurements of the immunologic- and tumor-intrinsic models, patients who benefited from an active immune infiltrate could be identified. These patients benefited from standard RT (HR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.09-0.85; P = 0.025) and had a 5.4% 10-year incidence of IBTR after irradiation despite high-risk genomic indicators and a low frequency of systemic therapy. In contrast, high-risk tumors without an immune infiltrate had a high 10-year incidence of IBTR despite RT treatment (19.5%; 95% CI, 12.2-30.3). CONCLUSIONS Integrating tumor-intrinsic and immunologic factors may identify immunogenic tumors in early-stage breast cancer populations dominated by ER-positive tumors. Patients who benefit from an activated immune infiltrate may be candidates for RT de-escalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Stenmark Tullberg
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Sjöström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology/Pathology and Surgery, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Emma Niméus
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology/Pathology and Surgery, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrika Killander
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology/Pathology and Surgery, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Felix Y. Feng
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Lori J. Pierce
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Anikó Kovács
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dan Lundstedt
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Holmberg
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Karlsson
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Shi H, Wang K, Tang S, Zhai S, Shi J, Su C, Liu L. Large Range Atomic Force Microscopy with High Aspect Ratio Micropipette Probe for Deep Trench Imaging. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2201401. [PMID: 36811166 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been adopted in both industry and academia for high-fidelity, full-profile topographic characterization. Typically, the tiny tip of the cantilever and the limited traveling range of the scanner restrict AFM measurement to relatively flat samples (recommend 1 µm). The primary objective of this work is to address these limitations using a large-range AFM (measuring height >10 µm) system consisting of a novel repairable high aspect ratio probe (HARP) with a nested-proportional-integral-derivative (nested-PID) AFM system. The HARP is fabricated using a reliable, cost-efficient bench-top process. The tip is then fused by pulling the end of the micropipette cantilever with a length up to hundreds of micrometers and a tip diameter of 30 nm. The design, simulation, fabrication, and performance of the HARP are described herein. This instrument is then tested using polymer trenches which reveals superior image fidelity compared to standard silicon tips. Finally, a nested-PID system is developed and employed to facilitate 3D characterization of 50-µm-step samples. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed bench-top technique for the fabrication of low-cost, simple HAR AFM probes that facilitate the imaging of samples with deep trenches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016, Shenyang, P. R. China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110169, Shenyang, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Kaixuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016, Shenyang, P. R. China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110169, Shenyang, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Si Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016, Shenyang, P. R. China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110169, Shenyang, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shenghang Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016, Shenyang, P. R. China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110169, Shenyang, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jialin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016, Shenyang, P. R. China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110169, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Chanmin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016, Shenyang, P. R. China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110169, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Lianqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016, Shenyang, P. R. China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110169, Shenyang, P. R. China
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Hannon G, Lesch ML, Gerber SA. Harnessing the Immunological Effects of Radiation to Improve Immunotherapies in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7359. [PMID: 37108522 PMCID: PMC10138513 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) is used to treat 50% of cancers. While the cytotoxic effects related to DNA damage with IR have been known since the early 20th century, the role of the immune system in the treatment response is still yet to be fully determined. IR can induce immunogenic cell death (ICD), which activates innate and adaptive immunity against the cancer. It has also been widely reported that an intact immune system is essential to IR efficacy. However, this response is typically transient, and wound healing processes also become upregulated, dampening early immunological efforts to overcome the disease. This immune suppression involves many complex cellular and molecular mechanisms that ultimately result in the generation of radioresistance in many cases. Understanding the mechanisms behind these responses is challenging as the effects are extensive and often occur simultaneously within the tumor. Here, we describe the effects of IR on the immune landscape of tumors. ICD, along with myeloid and lymphoid responses to IR, are discussed, with the hope of shedding light on the complex immune stimulatory and immunosuppressive responses involved with this cornerstone cancer treatment. Leveraging these immunological effects can provide a platform for improving immunotherapy efficacy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Hannon
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (G.H.); (M.L.L.)
- Center for Tumor Immunology Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Maggie L. Lesch
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (G.H.); (M.L.L.)
- Center for Tumor Immunology Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Scott A. Gerber
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (G.H.); (M.L.L.)
- Center for Tumor Immunology Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Tian W, Chu X, Tanzhu G, Zhou R. Optimal timing and sequence of combining stereotactic radiosurgery with immune checkpoint inhibitors in treating brain metastases: clinical evidence and mechanistic basis. J Transl Med 2023; 21:244. [PMID: 37020242 PMCID: PMC10077682 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04089-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has shown that immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are efficacious for treating brain metastases of various primary tumors. However, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) or blood-tumor barrier (BTB) essentially restrict the efficacy of ICIs. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) can be a powerful ally to ICIs due to its trait of disrupting the BBB/BTB and increasing the immunogenicity of brain metastases. The combination of SRS + ICI has shown synergy in brain metastases in several retrospective studies. Nevertheless, the optimal schedule for the combination of SRS and ICI in brain metastases is yet to be determined. In this review, we summarized the current clinical and preclinical evidence on the timing and sequence of SRS + ICI to provide insight into the current state of knowledge about this important area in patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Tian
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Xianjing Chu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Guilong Tanzhu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Rongrong Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
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Zou Y, Xu Y, Chen X, Zheng L. Advances in the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors in gynecological tumors. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109774. [PMID: 37012881 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoints are regulatory molecules that suppress immune effector cells, and are essential for maintaining tolerance, preventing autoimmune reactions, and minimizing tissue damage by controlling the duration and intensity of the immune responses. However, immune checkpoints are frequently upregulated during cancer and dampen the anti-tumor immune responses. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been effective against multiple tumors, and have improved patients' survival outcomes. Recent clinical trials have also reported promising therapeutic effects of ICIs in some gynecological cancers. AIM To review the current research and future directions in the treatment of gynecological malignancies, including ovarian, cervical and endometrial cancers, using ICIs. CONCLUSION Currently, cervical and ovarian cancers are the only gynecological tumors that are treated by immunotherapeutic approaches. In addition, ICIs, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)- and T cell receptor (TCR)-engineered T cells targeting endometrial tumors, especially those originating in the vulva and fallopian tubes, are under development. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of ICIs, especially in combination with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, anti-angiogenesis drugs and poly ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi), needs to be elucidated. Furthermore, novel predictive biomarkers have to be identified in order to increase the therapeutic efficacy of ICIs while reducing adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- YingGang Zou
- Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Ying Xu
- Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - XiaoChen Chen
- Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Lianwen Zheng
- Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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48
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Del Prete A, Salvi V, Soriani A, Laffranchi M, Sozio F, Bosisio D, Sozzani S. Dendritic cell subsets in cancer immunity and tumor antigen sensing. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:432-447. [PMID: 36949244 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-00990-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) exhibit a specialized antigen-presenting function and play crucial roles in both innate and adaptive immune responses. Due to their ability to cross-present tumor cell-associated antigens to naïve T cells, DCs are instrumental in the generation of specific T-cell-mediated antitumor effector responses in the control of tumor growth and tumor cell dissemination. Within an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, DC antitumor functions can, however, be severely impaired. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms of DC capture and activation by tumor cell antigens and the role of the tumor microenvironment in shaping DC functions, taking advantage of recent studies showing the phenotype acquisition, transcriptional state and functional programs revealed by scRNA-seq analysis. The therapeutic potential of DC-mediated tumor antigen sensing in priming antitumor immunity is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Del Prete
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Salvi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Soriani
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Laffranchi
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Sozio
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Bosisio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvano Sozzani
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
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Zhang H, Liu L, Liu J, Dang P, Hu S, Yuan W, Sun Z, Liu Y, Wang C. Roles of tumor-associated macrophages in anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy for solid cancers. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:58. [PMID: 36941614 PMCID: PMC10029244 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01725-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, tumor immunotherapy has made significant progress. However, tumor immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g., PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors), benefits only a tiny proportion of patients in solid cancers. The tumor microenvironment (TME) acts a significant role in tumor immunotherapy. Studies reported that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), as one of the main components of TME, seriously affected the therapeutic effect of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. In this review, we analyzed TAMs from epigenetic and single-cell perspectives and introduced the role and mechanisms of TAMs in anti-programmed death protein 1(anti-PD-1) therapy. In addition, we summarized combination regimens that enhance the efficacy of tumor PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and elaborated on the role of the TAMs in different solid cancers. Eventually, the clinical value of TAMs by influencing the therapeutic effect of tumor PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors was discussed. These above are beneficial to elucidate poor therapeutic effect of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in solid tumors from the point of view of TAMs and explore the strategies to improve its objective remission rate of solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Henan Institute of Interconnected Intelligent Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jinbo Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Pengyuan Dang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shengyun Hu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Weitang Yuan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhenqiang Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Henan Institute of Interconnected Intelligent Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Henan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Chengzeng Wang
- Henan Institute of Interconnected Intelligent Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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Huang JW, Lin YH, Chang GC, Chen JJW. A novel tool to evaluate and quantify radiation pneumonitis: A retrospective analysis of correlation of dosimetric parameters with volume of pneumonia patch. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1130406. [PMID: 36994217 PMCID: PMC10040686 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1130406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionIn lung cancer, radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) or radiation pneumonitis (RP) are major concerns after radiotherapy. We investigated the correlation between volumes of RP lesions and their RP grades after radiotherapy.Methods and materialsWe retrospectively collected data from patients with non-small lung cancer that received curative doses to the thorax without undergoing chest radiotherapy before this treatment course. The post-treatment computed tomography (CT) image was used to register to the planning CT to evaluate the correlation between dosimetric parameters and volume of pneumonia patch by using deformable image registration.ResultsFrom January 1, 2019, to December 30, 2020, 71 patients with non-small cell lung cancer with 169 sets of CT images met our criteria for evaluation. In all patient groups, we found the RPv max and RP grade max to be significant (p<0.001). Some parameters that were related to the dose-volume histogram (DVH) and RP were lung Vx (x=1-66 Gy, percentage of lung volume received ≥x Gy), and mean lung dose. Comparing these parameters of the DVH with RP grade max showed that the mean lung dose and lung V1–V31 were significantly correlated. The cut-off point for the occurrence of symptoms in all patient groups, the RPv max value, was 4.79%, while the area under the curve was 0.779. In the groups with grades 1 and 2 RP, the dose curve of 26 Gy covered ≥80% of RP lesions in >80% of patients. Patients who had radiotherapy in combination with chemotherapy had significantly shorter locoregional progression-free survival (p=0.049) than patients who received radiation therapy in combination with target therapy. Patients with RPv max >4.79% demonstrated better OS (p=0.082).ConclusionThe percentage of RP lesion volume to total lung volume is a good indicator for quantifying RP. RP lesions can be projected onto the original radiation therapy plan using coverage of the 26 Gy isodose line to determine whether the lesion is RILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wen Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hui Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Gee-Chen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Gee-Chen Chang, ; Jeremy J. W. Chen,
| | - Jeremy J. W. Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Gee-Chen Chang, ; Jeremy J. W. Chen,
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