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Lu WC, Lin PC. The generalized spring-loaded inverted pendulum model for analysis of various planar reduced-order models and for optimal robot leg design. Bioinspir Biomim 2024; 19:026017. [PMID: 38346329 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/ad2869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
This paper proposes a generalized spring-loaded inverted pendulum (G-SLIP) model to explore various popular reduced-order dynamic models' characteristics and suggest a better robot leg design under specified performance indices. The G-SLIP model's composition can be varied by changing the model's parameters, such as ground contacting type and spring property. It can be transformed into four widely used models: the spring-loaded inverted pendulum (SLIP) model, the two-segment leg model, the SLIP with rolling foot model, and the rolling SLIP model. The effects of rolling contact and spring configuration on the dynamic behavior and fixed-point distribution of the G-SLIP model were analyzed, and the basins of attraction of the four described models were studied. By varying the parameters of the G-SLIP model, the dynamic behavior of the model can be optimized. Optimized for general locomotion running at various speeds, the model provided leg design guidelines. The leg was empirically fabricated and installed on the hexapod for experimental evaluation. The results indicated that the robot with a designed leg runs faster and is more power-efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chun Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Huang KCY, Chiang SF, Lin PC, Hong WZ, Yang PC, Chang HP, Peng SL, Chen TW, Ke TW, Liang JA, Chen WTL, Chao KSC. TNFα modulates PANX1 activation to promote ATP release and enhance P2RX7-mediated antitumor immune responses after chemotherapy in colorectal cancer. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:24. [PMID: 38195677 PMCID: PMC10776587 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
ATP and its receptor P2RX7 exert a pivotal effect on antitumor immunity during chemotherapy-induced immunogenic cell death (ICD). Here, we demonstrated that TNFα-mediated PANX1 cleavage was essential for ATP release in response to chemotherapy in colorectal cancer (CRC). TNFα promoted PANX1 cleavage via a caspase 8/3-dependent pathway to enhance cancer cell immunogenicity, leading to dendritic cell maturation and T-cell activation. Blockade of the ATP receptor P2RX7 by the systemic administration of small molecules significantly attenuated the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy and decreased the infiltration of immune cells. In contrast, administration of an ATP mimic markedly increased the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy and enhanced the infiltration of immune cells in vivo. High PANX1 expression was positively correlated with the recruitment of DCs and T cells within the tumor microenvironment and was associated with favorable survival outcomes in CRC patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy. Furthermore, a loss-of-function P2RX7 mutation was associated with reduced infiltration of CD8+ immune cells and poor survival outcomes in patients. Taken together, these results reveal that TNFα-mediated PANX1 cleavage promotes ATP-P2RX7 signaling and is a key determinant of chemotherapy-induced antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Chih-Yang Huang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, ROC.
- Translation Research Core, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, ROC.
- Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Shu-Fen Chiang
- Lab of Precision Medicine, Feng-Yuan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung, 42055, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Chun Lin
- Proton Therapy and Science Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Ze Hong
- Proton Therapy and Science Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Chen Yang
- Proton Therapy and Science Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hui-Ping Chang
- Proton Therapy and Science Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shin-Lei Peng
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tsung-Wei Chen
- Department of Pathology, Asia University Hospital, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tao-Wei Ke
- School of Chinese Medicine and Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ji-An Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Radiotherapy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - William Tzu-Liang Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, China Medical University HsinChu Hospital, China Medical University, HsinChu, 302, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - K S Clifford Chao
- Proton Therapy and Science Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, ROC.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
- Department of Radiotherapy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, ROC.
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Su WY, Ho TS, Tsai TC, Du PX, Tsai PS, Keskin BB, Shizen MA, Lin PC, Lin WH, Shih HC, Syu GD. Developing magnetic barcode bead fluorescence assay for high throughput analyzing humoral responses against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 241:115709. [PMID: 37776623 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
The continuous mutation of SARS-CoV-2 highlights the need for rapid, cost-effective, and high-throughput detection methods. To better analyze the antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants in vaccinated or infected subjects, we developed a multiplex detection named Barcode Bead Fluorescence (BBF) assay. These barcode beads were magnetic, characterized by 2-dimensional edges, highly multiplexed, and could be decrypted with visible light. We conjugated 12 magnetic barcode beads with corresponding nine spike proteins (wild-type, alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and current omicrons), two nucleocapsid proteins (wild-type and omicron), and one negative control. First, the conjugated beads underwent serial quality controls via fluorescence labeling, e.g., reproducibility (R square = 0.99) and detection limits (119 pg via anti-spike antibody). Next, we investigated serums from vaccinated subjects and COVID-19 patients for clinical applications. A significant reduction of antibody levels against all variant beads was observed in both vaccinated and COVID-19 studies. Subjects with two doses of mRNA-1273 exhibited the highest level of antibodies against all spike variants compared to two doses of AZD1222 and unvaccinated. We also found that COVID-19 patients showed higher antibody levels against spike beads from wild-type, alpha, beta, and delta. Finally, the nucleocapsid beads served as markers to distinguish infections from vaccinated subjects. Overall, this study developed the BBF assay for analyzing humoral immune responses, which has the advantages of robustness, automation, scalability, and cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yu Su
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tzong-Shiann Ho
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC; Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Pediatrics, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, 700, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital Dou-Liou Branch, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Yunlin, 640, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tien-Chun Tsai
- Core Facility Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pin-Xian Du
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Shan Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Batuhan Birol Keskin
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Maulida Azizza Shizen
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Chun Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Hsun Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsi-Chang Shih
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Guan-Da Syu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC; International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC; Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC.
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Tsai PS, Du PX, Keskin BB, Lee NY, Wan SW, Lin YL, Su WY, Lin PC, Lin WH, Shih HC, Ho TS, Syu GD. Antibody Profiling of Dengue Severities Using Flavivirus Protein Microarrays. Anal Chem 2023; 95:15217-15226. [PMID: 37800729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Dengue is a viral disease transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. According to the World Health Organization, about half of the world's population is at risk of dengue. There are four serotypes of the dengue virus. After infection with one serotype, it will be immune to such a serotype. However, subsequent infection with other serotypes will increase the risk of severe outcomes, e.g., dengue hemorrhagic fever, dengue shock syndrome, and even death. Since severe dengue is challenging to predict and lacks molecular markers, we aim to build a multiplexed Flavivirus protein microarray (Flaviarray) that includes all of the common Flaviviruses to profile the humoral immunity and cross-reactivity in the dengue patients with different outcomes. The Flaviarrays we fabricated contained 17 Flavivirus antigens with high reproducibility (R-square = 0.96) and low detection limits (172-214 pg). We collected serums from healthy subjects (n = 36) and dengue patients within 7 days after symptom onset (mild dengue (n = 21), hospitalized nonsevere dengue (n = 29), and severe dengue (n = 36)). After profiling the serum antibodies using Flaviarrays, we found that patients with severe dengue showed higher IgG levels against multiple Flavivirus antigens. With logistic regression, we found groups of markers with high performance in distinguishing dengue patients from healthy controls as well as hospitalized from mild cases (AUC > 0.9). We further reported some single markers that were suitable to separate dengue patients from healthy controls (AUC > 0.9) and hospitalized from mild outcomes (AUC > 0.8). Together, Flaviarray is a valuable tool to profile antibody specificities, uncover novel markers for decision-making, and shed some light on early preventions and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Shan Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Xian Du
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Batuhan Birol Keskin
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Yao Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Center for Infection Control, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wen Wan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Lan Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Su
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsun Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Chang Shih
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Tzong-Shiann Ho
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan 700, Taiwan R.O.C
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital Dou-Liou Branch, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Yunlin 640, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Da Syu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Center for Infection Control, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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Lin WH, Du PX, Tsai PS, Keskin BB, Su WY, Lee NY, Ko WC, Lin PC, Shih HC, Weng MY, Syu GD. Rituximab, but not other biologics, impairs humoral immunity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis-a study using CoVariant protein arrays. Rheumatol Adv Pract 2023; 7:rkad085. [PMID: 37937178 PMCID: PMC10627286 DOI: 10.1093/rap/rkad085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives RA is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation and joint destruction. Biologics are crucial to achieving treat-to-target goals in patients with RA. The global spread and continuous variation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) necessitate the monitoring of variant-specific humoral responses post-vaccination. The aim of this study was to investigate how different biologic treatments for vaccinated RA patients might affect their neutralizing antibodies against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants. Methods We recruited RA patients who had received three doses of conventional SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and were treated with various biologics, e.g. TNF inhibitor (etanercept), IL-6 inhibitor (tocilizumab), CTLA4-Ig (abatacept) or anti-CD20 (rituximab). Serum samples were used to profile the binding and neutralizing antibodies using our own SARS-CoV-2 variant (CoVariant) protein array, developed previously. Results Compared with healthy controls, only RA therapy with rituximab showed a reduction in neutralizing antibodies capable of targeting spike proteins in SARS-CoV-2 wild-type and most variants. This reduction was not observed in binding antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 wild-type or its variants. Conclusion After receiving three doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, RA patients who underwent rituximab treatment generated sufficient antibodies but exhibited lower neutralizing activities against wild-type and multiple variants, including current Omicron. Other biological DMARDs, e.g. TNF inhibitor, IL-6 inhibitor and CTLA4-Ig, did not show obvious inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsun Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Xian Du
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Shan Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Batuhan Birol Keskin
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Su
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Yao Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Infection Control, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Infection Control, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Chang Shih
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Meng-Yu Weng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Da Syu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Keskin BB, Liu SF, Du PX, Tsai PS, Ho TS, Su WY, Lin PC, Shih HC, Weng KP, Yang KD, Huang YH, Kuo KC, Syu GD, Kuo HC. Profiling humoral responses to COVID-19 immunization in Kawasaki disease using SARS-CoV-2 variant protein microarrays. Analyst 2023; 148:4698-4709. [PMID: 37610260 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00802a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) is a form of acute systemic vasculitis syndrome that predominantly occurs in children under the age of 5 years. Its etiology has been postulated due to not only genetic factors but also the presence of foreign antigens or infectious agents. To evaluate possible associations between Kawasaki disease (KD) and COVID-19, we investigated humoral responses of KD patients against S-protein variants with SARS-CoV-2 variant protein microarrays. In this study, plasma from a cohort of KD (N = 90) and non-KD control (non-KD) (N = 69) subjects in categories of unvaccinated-uninfected (pre-pandemic), SARS-CoV-2 infected (10-100 days after infection), and 1-dose, 2-dose, and 3-dose BNT162b2 vaccinated (10-100 days after vaccination) was collected. The principal outcomes were non-KD-KD differences for each category in terms of anti-human/anti-His for binding antibodies and neutralizing percentage for surrogate neutralizing antibodies. Binding antibodies against spikes were lower in the KD subjects with 1-dose of BNT162b2, and mean differences were significant for the P.1 S-protein (non-KD-KD, 3401; 95% CI, 289.0 to 6512; P = 0.0252), B.1.617.2 S-protein (non-KD-KD, 4652; 95% CI, 215.8 to 9087; P = 0.0351) and B.1.617.3 S-protein (non-KD-KD, 4874; 95% CI, 31.41 to 9716; P = 0.0477). Neutralizing antibodies against spikes were higher in the KD subjects with 1-dose of BNT162b2, and mean percentage differences were significant for the 1-dose BNT162b2 B.1.617.3 S-protein (non-KD-KD, -22.89%; 95% CI, -45.08 to -0.6965; P = 0.0399), B.1.1.529 S-protein (non-KD-KD, -25.96%; 95% CI, -50.53 to -1.376; P = 0.0333), BA.2.12.1 S-protein (non-KD-KD, -27.83%; 95% CI, -52.55 to -3.115; P = 0.0195), BA.4 S-protein (non-KD-KD, -28.47%; 95% CI, -53.59 to -3.342; P = 0.0184), and BA.5 S-protein (non-KD-KD, -30.42%; 95% CI, -54.98 to -5.869; P = 0.0077). In conclusion, we have found that KD patients have a comparable immunization response to healthy individuals to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batuhan Birol Keskin
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Room 89A07, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Feng Liu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Xian Du
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Room 89A07, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Shan Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Room 89A07, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
| | - Tzong-Shiann Ho
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Pediatrics, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan 700, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wen-Yu Su
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Room 89A07, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Chun Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Room 89A07, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
| | - Hsi-Chang Shih
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ken-Pen Weng
- Congenital Structural Heart Disease Center, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813414, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | | | - Ying-Hsien Huang
- Kawasaki Disease Center and Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Kuang-Che Kuo
- Kawasaki Disease Center and Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Guan-Da Syu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Room 89A07, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Chang Kuo
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Kawasaki Disease Center and Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
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Lin PC. The propagation of European airports' on-time performance and on-time flights via air connectivity prior to the Covid-19 pandemic. J Air Transp Manag 2023; 109:102382. [PMID: 36909202 PMCID: PMC9992061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2023.102382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This research investigates the number of on-time flights (OTFs) at European airports and how this number is influenced by an airport's flight connectivity. We conduct a spatial statistical analysis of the spatial context relationship using econometric models, and the interaction between the number of airport's on-time flights (OTFs) and flight connectivity. Using 2017 and 2018 data, we characterize the relationship between a European airport's air connectivity index (ACI) and the number of flights that depart or arrive at a gate within 15 min of schedule (OTFs). We also analyze the relationship between OTFs at a given airport and those of neighboring airports. As the distances between airports increase, autocorrelation shifts from a positive to a negative sign meaning that at greater distances, airports' on-time performance is less dissimilar. We find that before the pandemic and the ensuing global travel shutdown, a spatially lagged term of ACI improves the model's ability to account for variations in OTFs across airports. Flight delay propagation in the air transport system caused delays to occur due to the shared resources underlying an initially delayed flight and subsequent flights. This analysis offers a rational for increasing airport connectivity as a way of improving the share of on-time flights of European airports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chun Lin
- Department of Transportation and Communication Management Science, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
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Lin SC, Bai GH, Lin PC, Chen CY, Hsu YH, Lee YC, Chen SY. Molecular and Genetics-Based Systems for Tracing the Evolution and Exploring the Mechanisms of Human Norovirus Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109093. [PMID: 37240438 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Human noroviruses (HuNoV) are major causes of acute gastroenteritis around the world. The high mutation rate and recombination potential of noroviruses are significant challenges in studying the genetic diversity and evolution pattern of novel strains. In this review, we describe recent advances in the development of technologies for not only the detection but also the analysis of complete genome sequences of noroviruses and the future prospects of detection methods for tracing the evolution and genetic diversity of human noroviruses. The mechanisms of HuNoV infection and the development of antiviral drugs have been hampered by failure to develop the infectious virus in a cell model. However, recent studies have demonstrated the potential of reverse genetics for the recovery and generation of infectious viral particles, suggesting the utility of this genetics-based system as an alternative for studying the mechanisms of viral infection, such as cell entry and replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Chieh Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - Geng-Hao Bai
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10002, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Lin
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yung Chen
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan
- Center for Nanotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiang Hsu
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Yuan-Chang Lee
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yen Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center for Digestive Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
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9
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Chang IC, Lin PC. Dynamic turning and running of a hexapod robot using a separated and laterally arranged two-leg model. Bioinspir Biomim 2023; 18:036005. [PMID: 36947883 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/acc6ac] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We report on the development of separated and laterally arranged two-leg (SLTL) models with/without differentiated leg properties and their use as the dynamic running and turning templates for a hexapod robot. The laterally arranged two-leg morphology enables differential driving for turning. The differentiable leg settings, such as stiffness, enables the model to adopt unbalanced leg arrangements of empirical legged gaits, such as a tripod gait, into consideration. The fixed-point motion of the model was utilized as the main methodology to plan dynamic running and turning, in which the plot of one-step distance versus period was constructed for the legs' operation point selection and matching. The proposed methodology was experimentally validated using four indices: turning curvature, flight phase, motion stability, and energy efficiency. The experimental results show that the running robot using the SLTL model with differentiated leg stiffness has better energy efficiency than one without by 4%, while the latter model has identical performance to the original spring-loaded inverted pendulum model with rolling contact. As for turning, the robot using the SLTL models with/without differentiated leg stiffness can preserve dynamic turning in all experiments with turning curvatures up to0.28m-1and0.30m-1, respectively,33%and43%more than the robot using the original model-less phase-shift turning strategy (0.21 m-1). Using the proposed model-based strategy, the flight phase of the robot turning in all curvatures (including straight running) maintains around 20%, the root-mean-squared (RMS) values of pitch and roll remains less than3 deg, and the specific resistance (SR) is bounded between0.64 and 0.73. By contrast, the robot using the phase-shifting turning strategy can maintain dynamic motion up to a turning curvature of0.21 m-1. A further increase in phase shifting not only does not increase the turning curvature but also changes the robot motion from running to walking. In this case, no flight phase exists, theSRjumps up significantly, and RMS values of pitch and roll also increase dramatically. In short, the experimental validation confirms the effectiveness of the proposed methodology for initiating the dynamic running and turning of the robot.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chia Chang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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10
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Lin PC, Lin CC, Li CI, Wang TC, Peng YH, Chang TT, Lin CY, Li TC, Hsieh CL. TCM as adjunctive therapy improves risks of respiratory hospitalizations in persons with type 2 diabetes: A retrospective cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33318. [PMID: 36961191 PMCID: PMC10036058 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes are at a higher risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma than the general population. In addition, emerging evidence suggests that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) might be beneficial for patients with type 2 diabetes. We investigated whether TCM use was associated with a reduced risk of respiratory hospitalizations in patients with type 2 diabetes. Conducting a retrospective cohort study, we used data retrieved from the NDCMP database. Among 56,035 patients, 5226 were classified as TCM users; 50,809 were classified as TCM nonusers. Both groups were analyzed until the end of 2011 to examine the incidence of respiratory hospitalizations by using a Cox proportional hazards model to evaluate effects of TCM use on respiratory hospitalizations. During the 6-year study follow-up period, the incidence density rates of COPD- and asthma-related hospitalization were estimated to be 13.03 and 4.47 per 10,000 patient-years for TCM nonusers and 10.08 and 3.28 per 10,000 patient-years for TCM users, respectively. The HR of COPD-related hospitalization in TCM users was 0.88 (95% CI = 0.79-0.99); and the HR of asthma-related hospitalization in TCM users was 0.81 (95% CI = 0.66-1.00). Stratified analyses revealed that effects of TCM use were stronger among individuals who had diabetes for <3 years. As a part of Integrative Medicine, our study results demonstrate that TCM use was associated with a significant reduced risk of respiratory hospitalizations, especially in patients with diabetes for <3 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chun Lin
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Chieh Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Ing Li
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tang-Chuan Wang
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Hao Peng
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Asia University Hospital, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tung-Ti Chang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chin-Yi Lin
- PhD Program for Aging, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tsai-Chung Li
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ching-Liang Hsieh
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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11
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Huang KCY, Lai CY, Hung WZ, Chang HY, Lin PC, Chiang SF, Ke TW, Liang JA, Shiau AC, Yang PC, Chen WTL, Chao KSC. A Novel Engineered AAV-Based Neoantigen Vaccine in Combination with Radiotherapy Eradicates Tumors. Cancer Immunol Res 2023; 11:123-136. [PMID: 36315960 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-22-0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The potency of tumor-specific antigen (TSA) vaccines, such as neoantigen (neoAg)-based cancer vaccines, can be compromised by host immune checkpoint inhibitory mechanisms, such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), that attenuate neoAg presentation on dendritic cells (DC) and hinder T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. To overcome PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition in DCs, we developed a novel adeno-associated virus (meAAV) neoAg vaccine, modified with TLR9 inhibitory fragments, PD-1 trap, and PD-L1 miRNA, which extend the persistence of meAAV and activate neoAg-specific T-cell responses in immune-competent colorectal and breast cancer murine models. Moreover, we found that in combination with radiotherapy, the meAAV-based neoAg cancer vaccine not only elicited higher antigen presentation ability, but also maintained neoAg-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. These functional PD-1 traps and PD-L1 miRNAs overcome host PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitory mechanisms and boost the therapeutic efficacy of radiotherapy. More importantly, combined radiotherapy and meAAV neoAg cancer vaccines significantly enhanced neoAg-specific CTL responses, increased CTL infiltration in tumor microenvironment, and decreased tumor-associated immunosuppression. This process led to the complete elimination of colorectal cancer and delayed tumor growth of breast cancer in tumor-bearing mice. Taken together, our results demonstrated a novel strategy that combines neoAg cancer vaccine and radiotherapy to increase the therapeutic efficacy against colorectal and breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Chih-Yang Huang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Translation Research Core, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ying Lai
- Center of Proton Therapy and Science, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ze Hung
- Center of Proton Therapy and Science, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Chang
- Center of Proton Therapy and Science, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Lin
- Center of Proton Therapy and Science, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Chiang
- Lab of Precision Medicine, Feng-Yuan Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tao-Wei Ke
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ji-An Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - An-Cheng Shiau
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chen Yang
- Center of Proton Therapy and Science, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - William Tzu-Liang Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, China Medical University HsinChu Hospital, China Medical University, HsinChu, Taiwan
| | - K S Clifford Chao
- Center of Proton Therapy and Science, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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12
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Lin PC, Chen SH, Wei CH, Kong SS, Chen SY. Peritoneal lymphomatosis presented with acute intermittent abdominal pain in a child. Pediatr Neonatol 2022; 64:362-363. [PMID: 36628834 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chun Lin
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Huey Chen
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei; Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hung Wei
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Sing Kong
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei; Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yen Chen
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital No.291, Zhongzheng Rd., Zhonghe District, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan.
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13
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Fan HH, Fang SB, Chang YC, Huang ST, Huang CH, Chang PR, Chang WC, Yang LTL, Lin PC, Cheng HY. Effects of colonization-associated gene yqiC on global transcriptome, cellular respiration, and oxidative stress in Salmonella Typhimurium. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:102. [PMID: 36457101 PMCID: PMC9714038 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00885-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND yqiC is required for colonizing the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) in human cells; however, how yqiC regulates nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) genes to influence bacteria-host interactions remains unclear. METHODS The global transcriptomes of S. Typhimurium yqiC-deleted mutant (ΔyqiC) and its wild-type strain SL1344 after 2 h of in vitro infection with Caco-2 cells were obtained through RNA sequencing to conduct comparisons and identify major yqiC-regulated genes, particularly those involved in Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPIs), ubiquinone and menaquinone biosynthesis, electron transportation chains (ETCs), and carbohydrate/energy metabolism. A Seahorse XFp Analyzer and assays of NADH/NAD+ and H2O2 were used to compare oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification, glycolysis parameters, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation, NADH/NAD+ ratios, and H2O2 production between ΔyqiC and SL1344. RESULTS After S. Typhimurium interacts with Caco-2 cells, yqiC represses gene upregulation in aspartate carbamoyl transferase, type 1 fimbriae, and iron-sulfur assembly, and it is required for expressing ilvB operon, flagellin, tdcABCD, and dmsAB. Furthermore, yqiC is required for expressing mainly SPI-1 genes and specific SPI-4, SPI-5, and SPI-6 genes; however, it diversely regulates SPI-2 and SPI-3 gene expression. yqiC significantly contributes to menD expression in menaquinone biosynthesis. A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed the extensive association of yqiC with carbohydrate and energy metabolism. yqiC contributes to ATP generation, and the analyzer results demonstrate that yqiC is required for maintaining cellular respiration and metabolic potential under energy stress and for achieving glycolysis, glycolytic capacity, and glycolytic reserve. yqiC is also required for expressing ndh, cydA, nuoE, and sdhB but suppresses cyoC upregulation in the ETC of aerobically and anaerobically grown S. Typhimurium; priming with Caco-2 cells caused a reversed regulation of yiqC toward upregulation in these ETC complex genes. Furthermore, yqiC is required for maintaining NADH/NAD+ redox status and H2O2 production. CONCLUSIONS Specific unreported genes that were considerably regulated by the colonization-associated gene yqiC in NTS were identified, and the key role and tentative mechanisms of yqiC in the extensive modulation of virulence factors, SPIs, ubiquinone and menaquinone biosynthesis, ETCs, glycolysis, and oxidative stress were discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Hao Fan
- grid.412955.e0000 0004 0419 7197Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, No. 291, Jhong Jheng Road, Jhong Ho, New Taipei City, 23561 Taiwan ,grid.412896.00000 0000 9337 0481Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan ,grid.412955.e0000 0004 0419 7197Department of Emergency Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shiuh-Bin Fang
- grid.412955.e0000 0004 0419 7197Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, No. 291, Jhong Jheng Road, Jhong Ho, New Taipei City, 23561 Taiwan ,grid.412896.00000 0000 9337 0481Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan ,grid.412896.00000 0000 9337 0481Master Program for Clinical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chu Chang
- grid.412896.00000 0000 9337 0481Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Tung Huang
- grid.412087.80000 0001 0001 3889Graduate Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Huang
- grid.412087.80000 0001 0001 3889Graduate Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ru Chang
- grid.412955.e0000 0004 0419 7197Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, No. 291, Jhong Jheng Road, Jhong Ho, New Taipei City, 23561 Taiwan ,grid.412896.00000 0000 9337 0481Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chiao Chang
- grid.412896.00000 0000 9337 0481Master Program for Clinical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lauderdale Tsai-Ling Yang
- grid.59784.370000000406229172National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Lin
- grid.412955.e0000 0004 0419 7197Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, No. 291, Jhong Jheng Road, Jhong Ho, New Taipei City, 23561 Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yen Cheng
- grid.412955.e0000 0004 0419 7197Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, No. 291, Jhong Jheng Road, Jhong Ho, New Taipei City, 23561 Taiwan
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14
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Chou WT, Lin PC, Hsieh KS, Chen SY. Internal intestinal herniation caused by mesenteric fibroadipose mass in a child. Pediatr Neonatol 2022; 63:657-658. [PMID: 35725800 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2022.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ting Chou
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital, No.291, Zhongzheng Rd., Zhonghe District, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Chun Lin
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital. No.291, Zhongzheng Rd., Zhonghe District, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan.
| | - Kai-Sheng Hsieh
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital. No.291, Zhongzheng Rd., Zhonghe District, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Yen Chen
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital. No.291, Zhongzheng Rd., Zhonghe District, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan.
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15
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Song X, Wang B, Lin PC, Ge G, Yuan R, Watada J. Scenario-Based Distributionally Robust Unit Commitment Optimization Involving Cooperative Interaction with Robots. Inf Syst Front 2022; 26:1-15. [PMID: 36118952 PMCID: PMC9472199 DOI: 10.1007/s10796-022-10335-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing penetration of renewable energy, uncertainty has become the main challenge of power systems operation. Fortunately, system operators could deal with the uncertainty by adopting stochastic optimization (SO), robust optimization (RO) and distributionally robust optimization (DRO). However, choosing a good decision takes much experience, which can be difficult when system operators are inexperienced or there are staff shortages. In this paper, a decision-making approach containing robotic assistance is proposed. First, advanced clustering and reduction methods are used to obtain the scenarios of renewable generation, thus constructing a scenario-based ambiguity set of distributionally robust unit commitment (DR-UC). Second, a DR-UC model is built according to the above time-series ambiguity set, which is solved by a hybrid algorithm containing improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) and mathematical solver. Third, the above model and solution algorithm are imported into robots that assist in decision making. Finally, the validity of this research is demonstrated by a series of experiments on two IEEE test systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanning Song
- School of Management and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Management and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Pei-Chun Lin
- Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Guangyu Ge
- School of Business, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing, 211200 China
| | - Ran Yuan
- School of Management and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Junzo Watada
- Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems, Waseda University, Kitakyushu, 808-0135 Japan
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16
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Cheng HY, Lin PC, Lin SF, Chen SY. Crohn's disease presented with acute massive lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage with salmonellosis in an adolescent. Pediatr Neonatol 2022; 63:563-564. [PMID: 35739019 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2022.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yen Cheng
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital. No.291, Zhongzheng Rd., Zhonghe District, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Chun Lin
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital. No.291, Zhongzheng Rd., Zhonghe District, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan.
| | - Shiou-Fu Lin
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital. No.291, Zhongzheng Rd., Zhonghe District, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Yen Chen
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital. No.291, Zhongzheng Rd., Zhonghe District, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan.
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17
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Kelner J, Lin PC, Tsoi KK, Maamar Z, Hung PC, Chiu DK, Ho KK. Guest editorial: Social robots, services and applications. LHT 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/lht-08-2022-511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Luo WJ, Yu SL, Chang CC, Chien MH, Chang YL, Liao KM, Lin PC, Chung KP, Chuang YH, Chen JJW, Yang PC, Su KY. HLJ1 amplifies endotoxin-induced sepsis severity by promoting IL-12 heterodimerization in macrophages. eLife 2022; 11:76094. [PMID: 35983991 PMCID: PMC9457701 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein (HSP) 40 has emerged as a key factor in both innate and adaptive immunity, whereas the role of HLJ1, a molecular chaperone in HSP40 family, in modulating endotoxin-induced sepsis severity is still unclear. During lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxic shock, HLJ1 knockout mice shows reduced organ injury and IFN-γ (interferon-γ)-dependent mortality. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we characterize mouse liver nonparenchymal cell populations under LPS stimulation, and show that HLJ1 deletion affected IFN-γ-related gene signatures in distinct immune cell clusters. In CLP models, HLJ1 deletion reduces IFN-γ expression and sepsis mortality rate when mice are treated with antibiotics. HLJ1 deficiency also leads to reduced serum levels of IL-12 in LPS-treated mice, contributing to dampened production of IFN-γ in natural killer cells but not CD4+ or CD8+ T cells, and subsequently to improved survival rate. Adoptive transfer of HLJ1-deleted macrophages into LPS-treated mice results in reduced IL-12 and IFN-γ levels and protects the mice from IFN-γ-dependent mortality. In the context of molecular mechanisms, HLJ1 is an LPS-inducible protein in macrophages and converts misfolded IL-12p35 homodimers to monomers, which maintains bioactive IL-12p70 heterodimerization and secretion. This study suggests HLJ1 causes IFN-γ-dependent septic lethality by promoting IL-12 heterodimerization, and targeting HLJ1 has therapeutic potential in inflammatory diseases involving activated IL-12/IFN-γ axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jia Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Liang Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ching Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hui Chien
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Keng-Mao Liao
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Pin Chung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hui Chuang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jeremy J W Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pan-Chyr Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Yi Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wang YH, Lai JY, Lo YC, Shih CH, Lin PC. An Image-Based Data-Driven Model for Texture Inspection of Ground Workpieces. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:5192. [PMID: 35890872 PMCID: PMC9322439 DOI: 10.3390/s22145192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the grinding process is mostly automatic, yet post-grinding quality inspection is mostly carried out manually. Although the conventional inspection technique may have cumbersome setup and tuning processes, the data-driven model, with its vision-based dataset, provides an opportunity to automate the inspection process. In this study, a convolutional neural network technique with transfer learning is proposed for three kinds of inspections based on 750-1000 surface raw images of the ground workpieces in each task: classifying the grit number of the abrasive belt that grinds the workpiece, estimating the surface roughness of the ground workpiece, and classifying the degree of wear of the abrasive belts. The results show that a deep convolutional neural network can recognize the texture on the abrasive surface images and that the classification model can achieve an accuracy of 0.9 or higher. In addition, the external coaxial white light was the most suitable light source among the three tested light sources: the external coaxial white light, the high-angle ring light, and the external coaxial red light. Finally, the model that classifies the degree of wear of the abrasive belts can also be utilized as the abrasive belt life estimator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsun Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (Y.-H.W.); (J.-Y.L.)
| | - Jing-Yu Lai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (Y.-H.W.); (J.-Y.L.)
| | - Yuan-Chieh Lo
- Mechanical and Mechatronics System Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 31040, Taiwan; (Y.-C.L.); (C.-H.S.)
| | - Chih-Hsuan Shih
- Mechanical and Mechatronics System Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 31040, Taiwan; (Y.-C.L.); (C.-H.S.)
| | - Pei-Chun Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (Y.-H.W.); (J.-Y.L.)
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20
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Lin PC, Yang YCSH, Lin SC, Lu MC, Tsai YT, Lu SC, Chen SH, Chen SY. Clinical significance and intestinal microbiota composition in immunocompromised children with norovirus gastroenteritis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266876. [PMID: 35443009 PMCID: PMC9020708 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Norovirus (NoV) infection is common in pediatric patients with immunodeficiency and is more likely to cause severe disease. Objective Our study aims to figure out the clinical differences and distribution of intestinal microbiota in immunocompromised children with NoV gastroenteritis. Methods Pediatric patients admitted to Shang-Ho Hospital with diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis including different immune status were enrolled and their medical records were reviewed. NoV gastroenteritis was validated using RT-PCR molecular methods. Viral shedding period was determined by real-time RT-PCR assays. Intestinal microbiota enrichment analysis was carried out by next generation sequencing after fecal DNA extraction and subsequent Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) Effect Size (LEfSe) method. Results Significantly higher frequency of diarrhea [mean, (IQR), 3.8 (3–5) /day] and longer viral shedding time [mean, IQR, 8.5 (5–13) days] was found in immunocompromised NoV infections than in immunocompetent patients without NoV infections (p = 0.013*) and immunocompetent patients with NoV infections (p = 0.030**). The fever prevalence was significantly lower in immunocompromised NoV infections than in different immune or infection status. Intestinal microbiota metagenomics analysis showed no significant community richness difference while the LEfSe analysis showed a significant difference in commensal richness at the phylum level, the family level, and the genus level in patients under different immune status. Conclusion We evaluated the clinical significances and microbiota composition in immunocompromised children with norovirus gastroenteritis. This will further facilitate studies of the interaction between the intestinal microbiota in such patients with precise determination of their bacterial infection control and probiotic supplements strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chun Lin
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen S. H. Yang
- Joint Biobank, Office of Human Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chieh Lin
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Che Lu
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Tai Tsai
- Department of Medicine Laboratory, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Cheng Lu
- Department of Medicine Laboratory, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Huey Chen
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (S-HC); , (S-YC)
| | - Shih-Yen Chen
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (S-HC); , (S-YC)
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Tseng KY, Lin PC. A model-based strategy for quadruped running with differentiated fore- and hind-leg morphologies. Bioinspir Biomim 2022; 17:026008. [PMID: 34874282 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/ac3f7e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This article introduces a model-based strategy for a quadruped robot with differentiated fore- and hind-leg ground reaction force patterns to generate animal-like running behavior. The proposed model comprises a rigid body and two eccentric spring-loaded inverted pendulum (eSLIP) legs with dampers. The eSLIP model extends the traditional SLIP model by adding a bar to offset the spring direction. The proposed two-leg eSLIP (TL-eSLIP) model's fore- and hind legs were designed to have the same offset magnitude but in opposite offset directions, producing different braking and thrusting force patterns. The TL-eSLIP model's reference leg trajectories were designed based on the fixed-point motion of the eSLIP model. Additionally, the legs were clock torque-controlled to modulate leg motion and stabilize the model to follow its natural dynamics. The model's equations for motion were derived, and the model's dynamic behavior was simulated and analyzed. The simulation results indicate that the model with leg offsets and in either trotting or pronking has differentiated leg force patterns, and it is more stable and has larger basins of attraction than the model without leg offsets. A quadruped robot was built for experimental validation. The experimental results demonstrate that the robot with differentiated legs ran with differentiated ground reaction force patterns and ran more stably than another robot with the same leg morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Yu Tseng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Pei-Chun Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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22
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Yang CW, Kao YC, Lin PC, Chien HY, Lin SC, Lee YH, Huang YL, Fang SB. Case Report: Proteinase 3 Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Ulcerative Colitis Presenting as Recurrent Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction in a Teenage Patient With in situ Proteinase 3 Immunohistochemical Staining. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:822491. [PMID: 35281249 PMCID: PMC8904890 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.822491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory bowel disease with the colorectum as its major target organ. Involvement of the upper gastrointestinal tract in UC is rare and presents with nonspecific endoscopic and microscopic characteristics. Recent studies have demonstrated proteinase 3 antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (PR3-ANCA) to be a serological marker for differentiating UC from Crohn's disease in children and for detecting disease activity and nonresponse to steroid therapy and antitumor necrotizing factor-α agents. Herein, we report a 13-year-old female patient mainly presenting with recurrent bilious vomiting who was initially diagnosed with acute gastroenteritis. Intestinal pseudo-obstruction was confirmed through observation of a patent but segmentally dilated jejunum in the barium follow-through examination and other imaging; such obstruction can be attributed to backwash ileitis, superior mesenteric artery syndrome, ileus due to hypokalemia, or PR3-associated enteritis. Laboratory data revealed leukocytosis with neutrophil predominance and serum antinuclear antibody and PR3-ANCA positivity. Overlapping syndrome with autoimmune diseases was suspected. Pathology revealed a crypt abscess with aggregates of neutrophils consistent with UC but did not indicate vasculitis. The in situ immunohistochemical staining revealed PR3 density mainly in the colon and focally in the duodenum. To our knowledge, this is the first case report with in situ pathological evidence of PR3 in inflamed intestinal tissues in a patient with UC and with rare initial presentation of intestinal pseudo-obstruction-induced recurrent bilious vomiting. Whether the clinical features of the present case constitute overlap syndrome with other autoimmune disease or a disease variation of UC warrants further investigation. Notably, the patient's serum PR3-ANCA titers remained high in coincidence with increased disease activity and nonresponse to steroid therapy, but became lower after infliximab treatment. PR3-ANCA as a potential serum biomarker to aid in making differential diagnoses of UC in children, correlating disease activity, and predicting therapeutic responses was also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wen Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chien Kao
- Department of Pathology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Yuan Chien
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chieh Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsien Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Lin Huang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shiuh-Bin Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Master Program in Clinical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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23
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24
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Lin PC, Zeng JH, Su SS, Zhou Y, Chen JJ, Chen CS, Li YP. [The diagnostic performance of galactomannan detection in invasive pulmonary aspergillosis with severe and critically ill influenza]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2021; 101:1050-1056. [PMID: 33878831 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20200811-02337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the diagnostic performance of serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) galactomannan (GM) test in invasive pulmonary aspergillosis(IPA) with severe and critically ill influenza. Methods: A retrospective study was performed for 157 patients with severe and critically ill influenza admitted to the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from December 2017 to April 2019.Clinical characteristics and serum and BALF GM values were collected. The patients were divided into an IPA group (n=18) and a non-IPA group (n=139). The definition of IPA modified from AspICU algorithm taken as the gold standard (The corresponding clinical manifestations, imaging manifestations and microbiological diagnostic criteria should be met simultaneously), the performance of serum and BALF GM test and their combination to IPA with influenza were analyzed respectively and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was drawn. Results: A total of 157 cases were enrolled, 95 were critically ill, and the mortality of IPA with influenza was 55.6%(10/18). The APACHE Ⅱ score, PSI score, urea nitrogen, influenza severity (Percentage of critically ill influenza) and invasive ventilator in IPA group were (16±6), (110±31), 10.7 (8.4, 17.8) mmol/L, 88.9% and 66.7%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in non-IPA group [(10±5), (83±30), 5.2 (3.6, 7.6) mmol/L, 56.8% and 24.5%, P<0.05]. All patients received serum GM test and 32 patients performed BALF GM test at the same time. When the cut-off valve of serum GM test was 0.5 μg/L, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were 66.7% (12/18), 95.0% (132/139), 63.2% (12/19) and 95.7% (132/138) respectively. When the cut-off value of BALF GM test was 1.0 μg/L, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were 80%(8/10),86.4%(19/22),72.7%(8/11)and 90.5%(19/21)respectively. The BALF GM cut-off value of 0.88 μg/L showed the highest diagnostic efficacy for IPA, for which the sensitivity and specificity were 90%(9/10) and 86.4%(19/22). The areas under the ROC curve of serum GM, BALF GM, and the combination of them were 0.81, 0.85, and 0.94 respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) and the combined diagnosis efficiency was higher. Conclusions: Critically ill influenza patients should be alert for IPA. The sensitivity of serum GM test in the diagnosis of IPA with influenza was low, while the NPV was high. The optimum BALF GM cut-off value was 0.88 μg/L. The combination with BALF and serum GM test can improve the diagnostic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China
| | - J H Zeng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China
| | - S S Su
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China
| | - Y Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China
| | - J J Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China
| | - C S Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China
| | - Y P Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China
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Sun YY, Lin PC, Higham J. Managing tourism emissions through optimizing the tourism demand mix: Concept and analysis. Tour Manag 2020; 81:104161. [PMID: 32536740 PMCID: PMC7274965 DOI: 10.1016/j.tourman.2020.104161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Carbon mitigation strategies are an urgent and overdue tourism industry imperative. The tourism response to climate action has been to engage businesses in technology adoption, and to encourage more sustainable visitor behaviour. These strategies however are insufficient to mitigate the soaring carbon footprint of tourism. Building upon the concepts of optimization and eco-efficiency, we put forward a novel carbon mitigation approach, which seeks to pro-actively determine, foster, and develop a long-term tourist market portfolio. This can be achieved through intervening and reconfiguring the demand mix with the fundamental aim of promoting low carbon travel markets. The concept and the analytical framework that quantitatively inform optimization of the desired market mix are presented. Combining the "de-growth" and "optimization" strategies, it is demonstrated that in the case study of Taiwan, great potential exists to reduce emissions and sustain economic yields. The implications for tourism destination managers and wider industry stakeholders are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Yen Sun
- The University of Queensland, St Lucia Campus, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Pei-Chun Lin
- Department of Transportation & Communication Management Science, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan City, 70101, Taiwan, ROC
| | - James Higham
- Department of Tourism, The University of Otago, 362 Leith Street, North Dunedin, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
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26
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Chang CC, Chang CY, Lin PC, Huang JP, Chen KH, Yen TH, Hung LM. Administration of low-dose resveratrol attenuated hepatic inflammation and lipid accumulation in high cholesterol-fructose diet-induced rat model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2020; 63:149-155. [PMID: 32859881 DOI: 10.4103/cjp.cjp_43_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV) has been demonstrated to ameliorate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in animal studies. However, RSV was given with the dosage that ranged from 7 to 300 mg/kg body weight (BW). Hence, the study aimed to investigate the efficacy of RSV at a lower dosage on high cholesterol-fructose diet (HCFD)-induced rat model of NAFLD. In the study, male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with HCFD for 15 weeks. RSV was also given at a daily dose of 1 mg/kg BW for 15 days or 15 weeks by oral delivery. At sacrifice, plasma and liver specimens were acquired for detections of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, proinflammatory cytokines, and lipid contents. Histological examinations and Western blotting analysis were performed using liver tissues. The results showed that RSV administration reduced plasma levels of aminotransferases and proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in HCFD-induced NAFLD. RSV also mitigated hepatic lipid accumulation and expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Besides, phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was reduced with RSV supplementation in the liver of HCFD-fed rats. We concluded that low-dose RSV supplementation attenuated hepatic inflammation and lipid accumulation in HCFD-induced NAFLD. The ameliorative effect of RSV on NAFLD could be associated with downregulation of phosphorylated STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chun Chang
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei; Department of Nursing, Cardinal Tien Junior College of Healthcare and Management, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Yu Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Lin
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Jiung-Pang Huang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine; Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hsing Chen
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University; Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Hai Yen
- Kidney Research Center; Department of Nephrology, Clinical Poison Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Li-Man Hung
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine; Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University; Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
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27
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Liao CH, Yong CY, Lai GM, Chow JM, Cheng CF, Fang CL, Lin PC, Chang CL, Zheng YM, Chuang SE, Whang-Peng J, Yao CJ. Astragalus Polysaccharide (PG2) Suppresses Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor and Aggressiveness of Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells. Am J Chin Med 2020; 48:1491-1509. [PMID: 32924531 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x20500731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus is the most popular traditional Chinese medicine for managing vital energy deficiency. Its injectable polysaccharide PG2 has been used for relieving cancer-related fatigue, and PG2 has immune-modulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we explored the effects of PG2 in lung adenocarcinoma A549 and CL1-2 cells and investigated its anticancer activity, and the results were validated in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. Although PG2 did not inhibit the growth of these cells, it dose-dependently suppressed their migration and invasion, accompanied by reduced vimentin and AXL and induced epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) expression. Regarding the underlying molecular mechanism, PG2 treatment reduced the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), an inflammatory cytokine that promotes the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and aggressiveness of cancer cells. Consistent with the previous finding that MIF regulates matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), treatment with PG2 reduced MMP-13 and activated AMPK in A549 and CL1-2 cells in this study. In SCID mice injected with A549 cells through the tail vein, intraperitoneal injection with PG2 reduced lung and abdominal metastases in parallel with decreased immunohistochemical staining of AXL, vimentin, MMP-13, and MIF in the tumor. Collectively, data revealed a potential application of PG2 in integrative cancer treatment through the suppression of MIF in cancer cells and their aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Huang Liao
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yin Yong
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
| | - Gi-Ming Lai
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Ming Chow
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | | | - Chia-Lang Fang
- Department of Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Lin
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lun Chang
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Mei Zheng
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
| | - Shuang-En Chuang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Jacqueline Whang-Peng
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan.,Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jung Yao
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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Cao TTB, Wu KC, Hsu JL, Chang CS, Chou C, Lin CY, Liao YM, Lin PC, Yang LY, Lin HW. Effects of Non-insulin Anti-hyperglycemic Agents on Gut Microbiota: A Systematic Review on Human and Animal Studies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:573891. [PMID: 33071980 PMCID: PMC7538596 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.573891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: As growing evidence links gut microbiota with the therapeutic efficacy and side effects of anti-hyperglycemic drugs, this article aims to provide a systematic review of the reciprocal interactions between anti-hyperglycemic drugs and gut microbiota taxa, which underlie the effect of the gut microbiome on diabetic control via bug-host interactions. Method: We followed the PRISMA requirements to perform a systematic review on human vs. animal gut microbiota data in PubMed, SCOPUS, and EMBASE databases, and used Cochrane, ROBIN-I, and SYRCLE tools to assess potential bias risks. The outcomes of assessment were trends on gut microbiota taxa, diversity, and associations with metabolic control (e.g., glucose, lipid) following anti-hyperglycemic treatment. Results: Of 2,804 citations, 64 studies (17/humans; 47/mice) were included. In human studies, seven were randomized trials using metformin or acarbose in obese, pre-diabetes, and type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. Treatment of pre-diabetes and newly diagnosed T2D patients with metformin or acarbose was associated with decreases in genus of Bacteroides, accompanied by increases in both Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. Additionally, T2D patients receiving metformin showed increases in various taxa of the order Enterobacteriales and the species Akkermansia muciniphila. Of seven studies with significant differences in beta-diversity, the incremental specific taxa were associated with the improvement of glucose and lipid profiles. In mice, the effects of metformin on A. muciniphila were similar, but an inverse association with Bacteroides was reported. Animal studies on other anti-hyperglycemic drugs, however, showed substantial variations in results. Conclusions: The changes in specific taxa and β-diversity of gut microbiota were associated with metformin and acarbose in humans while pertinent information for other anti-hyperglycemic drugs could only be obtained in rodent studies. Further human studies on anti-hyperglycemic drugs other than metformin and acarbose are needed to explore gut microbiota's role in their therapeutic efficacies and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao T. B. Cao
- School of Pharmacy and Graduate Institute, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Kun-Chang Wu
- School of Pharmacy and Graduate Institute, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Jye-Lin Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Shiang Chang
- School of Pharmacy and Graduate Institute, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chiahung Chou
- Department of Health Outcomes Research and Policy, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yuan Lin
- School of Pharmacy and Graduate Institute, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Min Liao
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Lin
- School of Pharmacy and Graduate Institute, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Yo Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Laboratory for Neural Repair, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Biomedical Technology Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Wen Lin
- School of Pharmacy and Graduate Institute, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy System, Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Hsiang-Wen Lin
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Huang SS, Zhang SN, Ye JR, Su SS, Lin PC, Li YP, Xie YP. [Diagnostic performance of pathology, culture and ROSE of lung biopsy for suspected pulmonary infectious diseases]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2019; 99:3340-3344. [PMID: 31715672 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2019.42.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the diagnostic performance of CT guided percutaneous lung biopsy (PTLB) with pathology, culture and rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) in patients with pulmonary infectious diseases. Methods: From January 2016 to June 2018, a retrospective study was implemented in the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. Patients who received PTLB, suspected with lung infection were included. The basic information, clinical symptoms, imaging findings, diagnostic methods, complications, and changes in treatment of cases were collected. The diagnostic sensitivity of histopathology, microbial culture, and ROSE were evaluated at the same time. Results: A total of 529 cases were enrolled, including 354 males and 175 females, (59±14) years old in average. Tuberculosis was identified in 197 cases, non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM) pulmonary disease in 8, cryptococcosis in 95, pulmonary aspergillosis in 27, filamentous fungal pneumonia in 3, talaromyces marneffei pulmonary infection in 3 and pulmonary candidiasis in 1, bacterial pneumonia in 39, and pathogen were unknown in 156 cases. A total of 417 cases were submitted for histopathology and microbial culture at the same time, the diagnostic value of pathology and microbial culture were 35.0% (146/417) and 45.6% (190/417), respectively. Combined pathology with microbial culture, the diagnostic value increased to 62.8% (262/417). The diagnostic accuracy of ROSE was 51.8% (71/137). The most common complication of PTLB was pneumothorax 26.1% (138/529). 56.1% (297/529) of the patients received targeted treatment after the diagnosis was confirmed, and 43.9% (232/529) maintained the original treatment. Conclusion: The pathology, microbial culture, and ROSE of PTLB have relative high diagnostic value for pulmonary infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China (Huang Shuangshuang is working in the Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the People's Hospital of Cangnan, Wenzhou 325800, China)
| | - S N Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China
| | - J R Ye
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China
| | - S S Su
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China
| | - P C Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China
| | - Y P Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China
| | - Y P Xie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China
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Kabir S, Cidado J, Andersen C, Dick C, Lin PC, Mitros T, Ma H, Baik SH, Belmonte MA, Drew L, Corn JE. The CUL5 ubiquitin ligase complex mediates resistance to CDK9 and MCL1 inhibitors in lung cancer cells. eLife 2019; 8:44288. [PMID: 31294695 PMCID: PMC6701926 DOI: 10.7554/elife.44288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of anti-apoptotic proteins MCL1 and Bcl-xL are frequently observed in many cancers. Inhibitors targeting MCL1 are in clinical development, however numerous cancer models are intrinsically resistant to this approach. To discover mechanisms underlying resistance to MCL1 inhibition, we performed multiple flow-cytometry based genome-wide CRISPR screens interrogating two drugs that directly (MCL1i) or indirectly (CDK9i) target MCL1. Remarkably, both screens identified three components (CUL5, RNF7 and UBE2F) of a cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase complex (CRL5) that resensitized cells to MCL1 inhibition. We find that levels of the BH3-only pro-apoptotic proteins Bim and Noxa are proteasomally regulated by the CRL5 complex. Accumulation of Noxa caused by depletion of CRL5 components was responsible for re-sensitization to CDK9 inhibitor, but not MCL1 inhibitor. Discovery of a novel role of CRL5 in apoptosis and resistance to multiple types of anticancer agents suggests the potential to improve combination treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaheen Kabir
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Justin Cidado
- Bioscience Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Waltham, United States
| | - Courtney Andersen
- Bioscience Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Waltham, United States
| | - Cortni Dick
- Bioscience Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Waltham, United States
| | - Pei-Chun Lin
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Therese Mitros
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Hong Ma
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Seung Hyun Baik
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Matthew A Belmonte
- Bioscience Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Waltham, United States
| | - Lisa Drew
- Bioscience Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Waltham, United States
| | - Jacob E Corn
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
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Hu CJ, Wang TK, Huang CK, Lin PC. A Torque-actuated dissipative spring loaded inverted pendulum model with rolling contact and Its application to hexapod running. Bioinspir Biomim 2019; 14:026005. [PMID: 30616229 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/aafc4e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report on the development and analysis of a new torque-actuated dissipative spring loaded inverted pendulum model with rolling contact (TDR-SLIP), which is a successor to the previously developed spring loaded inverted pendulum model with rolling contact (R-SLIP) model. The stability properties of the models were analyzed numerically via steps-to-fall analysis and return map analysis, wherein the dimensionless parameters are varied to analyze their effects on the dynamic performance of the model, including torque, damping constant, spring constant, touchdown angle, touchdown speed, and landing angle. Because the involvement of torque and damping in the TDR-SLIP model is similar to other recently developed torque-actuated dissipative spring loaded inverted pendulum studies, their performance was compared so that the unique features of the TDR-SLIP model, such as rolling contact, could be investigated. To undertake the comparison, a method for yielding parameter equivalency between these two models is also reported. In addition to its analytical role, the TDR-SLIP model served as a template to initiate the stable running behavior of the empirical robot acted as the anchor. Two sets of legs were evaluated-the original compliant half-circular leg of the robot and the new mechanical legs, which resemble the morphology of the TDR-SLIP model. Two types of control strategies were tested-position-based control and hybrid control. The experimental results reveals that the low-damped compliant half-circular leg and the mechanical leg match the behaviors of the R-SLIP model and the TDR-SLIP model, respectively, and the robot with hybrid control performs more stably and more closely to the model profile. In addition, when the robot's motion follows the template's stable dynamics, the energy cost of the leg in stance can be significantly lower than that in flight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Jui Hu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Wang WY, Chu HS, Lin PC, Lee TF, Kuo KT, Hsueh PR, Hu FR, Wang IJ. Outbreak of Microsporidial Keratoconjunctivitis Associated With Water Contamination in Swimming Pools in Taiwan. Am J Ophthalmol 2018; 194:101-109. [PMID: 30055152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report an outbreak of microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis resulting from a swimming pool in Taiwan. DESIGN Retrospective case series. METHODS The records of 13 teenagers (15 eyes) contracting microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis after swimming in a local swimming pool were reviewed. Corneal scrapings were collected in all eyes at a tertiary referred hospital in June 2017. Gram stain, modified Kinyoun acid-fast stain, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and gene analysis of the microsporidian 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) were examined in all 15 cases. RESULTS Symptoms occurred 1-12 days after the water contact. At presentation, all eyes showed nonpurulent conjunctivitis and small, plaque-like epithelial lesions peripherally (n = 6), centrally (n = 3), both peripherally and centrally (n = 5), or centrally with superficial punctate keratopathy (n = 1). During the follow-up period, 10 eyes developed central superficial punctate keratopathy (n = 6) or subepithelial haze or infiltrates, which were distributed centrally (n = 2) or peripherally (n = 3), following development of plaque-like epithelial lesions. The results of Gram stain and modified Kinyoun's acid-fast stain were confirmatory in 10 cases (67%). All 15 cases yielded positive PCR results and were all identified to be Vittaforma corneae. All followed-up eyes healed without sequelae using topical levofloxacin and betamethasone eye drops. CONCLUSIONS Microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis can develop from contact with swimming pool water. The clinical course initially manifested as rapidly resolving conjunctivitis and peripheral plaque-like epithelial lesions, followed by paracentral or central plaque-like epithelial lesions, which evolved into subepithelial haze or infiltrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Sang Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Fen Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ting Kuo
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ren Hsueh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fung-Rong Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Jong Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Lin PC, Cheng T. The diffusion and the international context of logistics performance. International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/13675567.2018.1510907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chun Lin
- Department of Transportation and Communication Management Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - T.C.E. Cheng
- Department of Logistics and Maritime Studies, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Huang YW, Lin PC, Wang J. The influence of bus and taxi drivers' public self-consciousness and social anxiety on aberrant driving behaviors. Accid Anal Prev 2018; 117:145-153. [PMID: 29702332 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The study examined how bus and taxi drivers' public self-consciousness interacted with social anxiety to influence their aberrant driving behaviors. Questionnaires were distributed to 331 male and female Taiwanese bus and taxi drivers whose working environment involves frequent and direct interaction with passengers. Questionnaire statements measured drivers' dispositional public self-consciousness and social anxiety, and their intentions and driving behaviors related to speeding, errors and violations. The study utilized a mediating model and path analysis explored causal relationships between the constructs. The study found that both public self-consciousness and social anxiety explained bus drivers' aberrant driving behaviors. Female drivers reported less aberrant driving behaviors than their male counterparts did. Bus drivers reported less aberrant driving behaviors than taxi drivers. Drivers with crash involvement within three years reported higher public self-consciousness than did those without that involvement. The suitable research frameworks, which describe the influence of public self-consciousness and social anxiety on aberrant driving behaviors, fit to bus and taxi drivers are different, so as different to male and female drivers. The study findings suggest bus and taxi driver should receive special training in general attitude as a condition of their employment in order to avoid aggressive behaviors and provide a better and safer service to the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Huang
- Institute of Telecommunication Management, Department of Transportation and Communication Management Science, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Chun Lin
- Department of Transportation and Communication Management Science, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
| | - Jenhung Wang
- National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, No.1, University Rd., Yanchao Dist., Kaohsiung City 824, Taiwan (R.O.C.).
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Su YL, Chen HC, Tsai RT, Lin PC, Cheng SC. Cwc23 is a component of the NTR complex and functions to stabilize Ntr1 and facilitate disassembly of spliceosome intermediates. Nucleic Acids Res 2018; 46:3764-3773. [PMID: 29390077 PMCID: PMC6044358 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cwc23 is a member of the J protein family, and has been shown to interact with Ntr1, a scaffold protein that interacts with Ntr2 and Prp43 to form the NTR complex that mediates spliceosome disassembly. We show that Cwc23 is also an intrinsic component of the NTR complex, and that it interacts with the carboxyl terminus of Ntr1. Metabolic depletion of Cwc23 concurrently depleted Ntr1 and Ntr2, suggesting a role for Cwc23 in stabilizing these two proteins. Ntr1, Ntr2 and Cwc23 are stoichiometrically balanced, and form a stable heterotrimer. Depletion of Cwc23 from splicing extracts using antibodies resulted in depletion of all three proteins and accumulation of intron-lariat in the splicing reaction. Cwc23 is not required for disassembly of intron-lariat spliceosome (ILS), but facilitates disassembly of spliceosome intermediates after the actions of Prp2 and Prp16 by stabilizing the association of Ntr1 with the spliceosome. Cwc23 has a more limited effect on the association of Ntr1 with the ILS. Our data suggest that Cwc23 is important for maintaining the levels of Ntr1 and Ntr2, and that it also plays a regulatory role in targeting spliceosome intermediates for disassembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lun Su
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 115, Republic of China
| | - Hsin-Chou Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 115, Republic of China
| | - Rong-Tzong Tsai
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 115, Republic of China
| | - Pei-Chun Lin
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 115, Republic of China
| | - Soo-Chen Cheng
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 115, Republic of China
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Abstract
The removal of noncoding introns from pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) is an essential step in eukaryotic gene expression and is catalyzed by a dynamic multi-megadalton ribonucleoprotein complex called the spliceosome. The spliceosome assembles on pre-mRNA substrates by the stepwise addition of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles and numerous protein factors. Extensive remodeling is required to form the RNA-based active site and to mediate the pre-mRNA branching and ligation reactions. In the past two years, cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of spliceosomes captured in different assembly and catalytic states have greatly advanced our understanding of its mechanism. This was made possible by long-standing efforts in the purification of spliceosome intermediates as well as recent developments in cryo-EM imaging and computational methodology. The resulting high-resolution densities allow for de novo model building in core regions of the complexes. In peripheral and less ordered regions, the combination of cross-linking, bioinformatics, biochemical, and genetic data is essential for accurate modeling. Here, we summarize these achievements and highlight the critical steps in obtaining near-atomic resolution structures of the spliceosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max E Wilkinson
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom; , , ,
| | - Pei-Chun Lin
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom; , , ,
| | - Clemens Plaschka
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom; , , ,
| | - Kiyoshi Nagai
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom; , , ,
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Lin PC, Lai QQ, Zhou Y, Ye JR, Wu Q, Chen CS, Li YP. [The diagnostic performance of galactomannan detection for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in non-neutropenic hosts]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 2017; 39:929-933. [PMID: 27938542 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-0939.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of galactomannan(GM)detection in serum and BALF for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in non-neutropenic hosts. Methods: A pospective study was performed for 1 356 non-neutropenic hosts admitted to the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from September 2014 to October 2015. Serum GM test was performed for all, and BALF GM test for a proportion of the patients. The patients were divided into an IPA group and a non-IPA group. SPSS 20.0 was adopted for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 1 361 cases were enrolled, aging 18-96 years, with an average age of (64±15) years. There were 879 male and 477 female patients. Thirty-nine cases were diagnosed as IPA, accounting for 2.9%. For serum GM test, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were 43.6%(17/39), 94.1%(1 239/1 317), 17.9%(17/95)and 98.3%(1 239/1 261)respectively. Ninety-six cases received serum and BALF GM tests at the same time. If the cut-off value of BALF GM test was 0.8, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were 86.7%(13/15), 60.5%(49/81), 28.9%(13/45), 96.1%(49/51)respectively, but if the value was 1.0, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were 86.7%(13/15), 74.1%(60/81), 38.2%(13/34), 96.8%(60/62)respectively. The ROC curve area of BALF GM, serum GM and the combined serum and BALF GM was 0.87, 0.75 and 0.90, respectively. Conclusions: The sensitivity of serum GM test in non-neutropenic hosts was low, but it had a high negative predictive value.The best BALF GM cut-off value was 1.0. The combined serum and BALF GM tests improved the diagnostic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Lin
- *Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China
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Abstract
Intron removal requires assembly of the spliceosome on precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) and extensive remodelling to form the spliceosome's catalytic centre. Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae pre-catalytic B complex spliceosome at near-atomic resolution. The mobile U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle (snRNP) associates with U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP through the U2/U6 helix II and an interface between U4/U6 di-snRNP and the U2 snRNP SF3b-containing domain, which also transiently contacts the helicase Brr2. The 3' region of the U2 snRNP is flexibly attached to the SF3b-containing domain and protrudes over the concave surface of tri-snRNP, where the U1 snRNP may reside before its release from the pre-mRNA 5' splice site. The U6 ACAGAGA sequence forms a hairpin that weakly tethers the 5' splice site. The B complex proteins Prp38, Snu23 and Spp381 bind the Prp8 N-terminal domain and stabilize U6 ACAGAGA stem-pre-mRNA and Brr2-U4 small nuclear RNA interactions. These results provide important insights into the events leading to active site formation.
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MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- Biocatalysis
- Catalytic Domain
- Cryoelectron Microscopy
- Introns/genetics
- Models, Biological
- Models, Molecular
- Nuclear Proteins/chemistry
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Protein Binding
- Protein Domains
- Protein Stability
- RNA Helicases/chemistry
- RNA Helicases/metabolism
- RNA Helicases/ultrastructure
- RNA Precursors/genetics
- RNA Precursors/metabolism
- RNA Precursors/ultrastructure
- RNA Splice Sites/genetics
- RNA Splicing
- RNA Splicing Factors/chemistry
- RNA Splicing Factors/metabolism
- RNA, Small Nuclear/chemistry
- RNA, Small Nuclear/metabolism
- Ribonucleoprotein, U2 Small Nuclear/chemistry
- Ribonucleoprotein, U2 Small Nuclear/metabolism
- Ribonucleoprotein, U4-U6 Small Nuclear/chemistry
- Ribonucleoprotein, U4-U6 Small Nuclear/metabolism
- Ribonucleoprotein, U5 Small Nuclear/chemistry
- Ribonucleoprotein, U5 Small Nuclear/metabolism
- Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear/chemistry
- Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear/metabolism
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae/chemistry
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/chemistry
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/ultrastructure
- Spliceosomes/chemistry
- Spliceosomes/metabolism
- Spliceosomes/ultrastructure
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Plaschka
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Pei-Chun Lin
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Kiyoshi Nagai
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
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Hsiao CC, Chiou SS, Hsu HT, Lin PC, Liao YM, Wu LM. Adverse health outcomes and health concerns among survivors of various childhood cancers: Perspectives from mothers. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2017; 27:e12661. [PMID: 28169481 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Advanced therapies have improved outcomes and also resulted in a growing risk of long-term adverse health events. This study intends to estimate incidences of adverse health events and examine differences in adverse health events among childhood cancer survivors, and to understand the concerns of mothers after their child has completed cancer treatment. An explanatory sequential mixed-method was used. A total of 201 paediatric cancer survivors' mothers with mean age 43.6 years were recruited. Of the survivors, 12.4% experienced five or more adverse health events. The incidence of adverse health events of altered body image, fatigue and neurocognitive problems were 31.54%, 14.77% and 12.53% respectively. Among survivors, significant differences in adverse health events of pain, endocrine problems and altered body image issues were identified. Survivors receiving radiotherapy, bone marrow transplants or completing treatment after 6-10 years experienced significantly more adverse health events. Maintaining health was the greatest concern for mothers, and the qualitative reports of their concerns could be categorised: living in uncertainty, and keeping forward-looking. Childhood brain tumour survivors were identified as experiencing more adverse health events than other survivors. The need for healthcare teams to consider mothers' health concerns was highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Hsiao
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - S S Chiou
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - H-T Hsu
- College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - P C Lin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Y M Liao
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - L-M Wu
- College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Li KL, Yang WT, Chan KY, Lin PC. An optimization technique for identifying robot manipulator parameters under uncertainty. Springerplus 2016; 5:1771. [PMID: 27795913 PMCID: PMC5059574 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-3417-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Robot manipulators enable large-scale factory automation of simple and repeated tasks. Each manipulation is the result of the robot design and the command inputs provided by the operator. In this study, we focus on the accuracy improvement of practical robot manipulation under uncertainty, resulting in path-specific error values. Existing techniques for reducing the errors use high-precision sensors and measurements to obtain the values of a manipulator to provide feedback control. Instead of compensating errors in operation, this study designs a calibration table to obtain the error value for a designated path. This error is then used to adjust important parameters in the kinematic closed chain models of a manipulators via optimization. The proposed method reduces the cost and the dependence on the calibration process. Experimental results show that the overall accuracy of the manipulator is improved. The proposed method can also be extended to develop the optimal robotic manipulation planning and reliability assessment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Lin Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Te Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Yuan Chan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Yao CJ, Chow JM, Chuang SE, Chang CL, Yan MD, Lee HL, Lai IC, Lin PC, Lai GM. Induction of Forkhead Class box O3a and apoptosis by a standardized ginsenoside formulation, KG-135, is potentiated by autophagy blockade in A549 human lung cancer cells. J Ginseng Res 2016; 41:247-256. [PMID: 28701864 PMCID: PMC5489748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background KG-135, a standardized formulation enriched with Rk1, Rg3, and Rg5 ginsenosides, has been shown to inhibit various types of cancer cells; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we explored its effects in A549 human lung cancer cells to investigate the induction of Forkhead Class box O3a (FOXO3a) and autophagy. Methods Cell viability was determined by sulforhodamine B staining. Apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were analyzed using flow cytometry. The changes of protein levels were determined using Western blot analysis. Autophagy induction was monitored by the formation of acidic vesicular organelles stained with acridine orange. Results KG-135 effectively arrested the cells in G1 phase with limited apoptosis. Accordingly, a decrease of cyclin-dependent kinase-4, cyclin-dependent kinase-6, cyclin D1, and phospho-retinoblastoma protein, and an increase of p27 and p18 proteins were observed. Intriguingly, KG-135 increased the tumor suppressor FOXO3a and induced the accumulation of autophagy hallmark LC3-II and acidic vesicular organelles without an increase of the upstream marker Beclin-1. Unconventionally, the autophagy adaptor protein p62 (sequestosome 1) was increased rather than decreased. Blockade of autophagy by hydroxychloroquine dramatically potentiated KG-135-induced FOXO3a and its downstream (FasL) ligand accompanied by the cleavage of caspase-8. Meanwhile, the decrease of Bcl-2 and survivin, as well as the cleavage of caspase-9, were also drastically enhanced, resulting in massive apoptosis. Conclusion Besides arresting the cells in G1 phase, KG-135 increased FOXO3a and induced an unconventional autophagy in A549 cells. Both the KG-135-activated extrinsic FOXO3a/FasL/caspase-8 and intrinsic caspase-9 apoptotic pathways were potentiated by blockade of autophagy. Combination of KG-135 and autophagy inhibitor may be a novel strategy as an integrative treatment for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Jung Yao
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Ming Chow
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shuang-En Chuang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lun Chang
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-De Yan
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Lun Lee
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University-Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Chun Lai
- Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Lin
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Gi-Ming Lai
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
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Chen CP, Chen JY, Huang CK, Lu JC, Lin PC. Sensor data fusion for body state estimation in a bipedal robot and its feedback control application for stable walking. Sensors (Basel) 2015; 15:4925-46. [PMID: 25734644 PMCID: PMC4435225 DOI: 10.3390/s150304925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report on a sensor data fusion algorithm via an extended Kalman filter for estimating the spatial motion of a bipedal robot. Through fusing the sensory information from joint encoders, a 6-axis inertial measurement unit and a 2-axis inclinometer, the robot’s body state at a specific fixed position can be yielded. This position is also equal to the CoM when the robot is in the standing posture suggested by the detailed CAD model of the robot. In addition, this body state is further utilized to provide sensory information for feedback control on a bipedal robot with walking gait. The overall control strategy includes the proposed body state estimator as well as the damping controller, which regulates the body position state of the robot in real-time based on instant and historical position tracking errors. Moreover, a posture corrector for reducing unwanted torque during motion is addressed. The body state estimator and the feedback control structure are implemented in a child-size bipedal robot and the performance is experimentally evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Pei Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Jing-Yi Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Kai Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Jau-Ching Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Chun Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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Huang KJ, Huang CK, Lin PC. A simple running model with rolling contact and its role as a template for dynamic locomotion on a hexapod robot. Bioinspir Biomim 2014; 9:046004. [PMID: 25291720 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3182/9/4/046004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report on the development of a robot's dynamic locomotion based on a template which fits the robot's natural dynamics. The developed template is a low degree-of-freedom planar model for running with rolling contact, which we call rolling spring loaded inverted pendulum (R-SLIP). Originating from a reduced-order model of the RHex-style robot with compliant circular legs, the R-SLIP model also acts as the template for general dynamic running. The model has a torsional spring and a large circular arc as the distributed foot, so during locomotion it rolls on the ground with varied equivalent linear stiffness. This differs from the well-known spring loaded inverted pendulum (SLIP) model with fixed stiffness and ground contact points. Through dimensionless steps-to-fall and return map analysis, within a wide range of parameter spaces, the R-SLIP model is revealed to have self-stable gaits and a larger stability region than that of the SLIP model. The R-SLIP model is then embedded as the reduced-order 'template' in a more complex 'anchor', the RHex-style robot, via various mapping definitions between the template and the anchor. Experimental validation confirms that by merely deploying the stable running gaits of the R-SLIP model on the empirical robot with simple open-loop control strategy, the robot can easily initiate its dynamic running behaviors with a flight phase and can move with similar body state profiles to those of the model, in all five testing speeds. The robot, embedded with the SLIP model but performing walking locomotion, further confirms the importance of finding an adequate template of the robot for dynamic locomotion.
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Wang J, Lin PC, Li SC. Measuring the ability of military aircrews to adapt to perceived stressors when undergoing centrifuge training. J Appl Meas 2014; 15:200-212. [PMID: 24950537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the ability of military aircrews to adapt to stressors when undergoing centrifuge training and determined what equipment items caused perceived stress and needed to be upgraded. We used questionnaires and the Rasch model to measure aircrew personnel's ability to adapt to centrifuge training. The measurement items were ranked by 611 military aircrew personnel. Analytical results indicated that the majority of the stress perceived by aircrew personnel resulted from the lightproof cockpit without outer reference. This study prioritized the equipment requiring updating as the lightproof cockpit design, the dim lighting of the cockpit, and the pedal design. A significant difference was found between pilot and non-pilot subjects' stress from the pedal design; and considerable association was discernible between the seat angle design and flight hours accrued. The study results provide aviators, astronauts, and air forces with reliable information as to which equipment items need to be urgently upgraded as their present physiological and psychological effects can affect the effectiveness of centrifuge training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenhung Wang
- Office of Educational Services, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong,
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Chang KH, Yan MDE, Yao CJ, Lin PC, Lai GM. Honokiol-induced apoptosis and autophagy in glioblastoma multiforme cells. Oncol Lett 2013; 6:1435-1438. [PMID: 24179537 PMCID: PMC3813738 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Honokiol, a hydroxylated biphenyl compound isolated from the Chinese herb Magnolia officinalis, has been reported to have anticancer activities in a variety of cancer cell lines. The present study aimed to evaluate the anticancer effect and possible molecular mechanisms of honokiol in a glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cell line. The anticancer activities of honokiol were investigated in the DBTRG-05MG GBM cell line. The effect of honokiol on cell growth was determined using a sulforhodamine B assay. Flow cytometry and immunoblotting were used to measure honokiol-induced apoptosis (programmed cell death type I) and autophagy (programmed cell death type II). Honokiol was observed to reduce DBTRG-05MG cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. At a dose of 50 μM, honokiol markedly decreased the expression of Rb protein and led to the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and Bcl-xL to promote apoptosis in the cancer cells. In addition, markers of autophagy, including Beclin-1 and LC3-II, were also significantly increased. In addition to apoptosis, honokiol was also able to induce autophagy in the DBTRG-05MG cells. The mechanisms that are responsible for the correlation between honokiol-induced apoptosis and autophagy require further investigation. Such efforts may provide a potential strategy for improving the clinical outcome of GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Hu Chang
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan, R.O.C
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