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Wong XK, Alasalvar C, Ng WJ, Ee KY, Lam MQ, Chang SK. Tiger Milk Mushroom: A Comprehensive Review of Nutritional Composition, Phytochemicals, Health Benefits, and Scientific Advancements with Emphasis on Chemometrics and Multi-Omics. Food Chem 2024; 459:140340. [PMID: 38986197 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
This article presents a comprehensive overview of tiger milk mushroom (TMM), covering its nutritional composition, phytochemicals, health benefits, and related scientific advancements. It describes various potential positive health benefits of TMM, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, respiratory function enhancement, antioxidant, anti-aging, neuroprotective, photoprotective, antidiabetic, wound-healing, and anti-HIV, among others. This article also underlines the importance of further research into the phytochemicals present in TMM for additional discoveries. It underscores the importance of further research into phytochemicals content of TMM for additional discoveries and emphasizes the potential applications of TMM in nutrition, health, and well-being. Sophisticated techniques, such as chemometrics and multi-omics technologies revealed latest scientific advancements of TMM. This comprehensive overview provides a foundation for future research and development in harnessing TMM's potential for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Khai Wong
- School of Science, Monash University (Malaysia Campus), Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Wen Jie Ng
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia; Centre for Biomedical and Nutrition Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Kah Yaw Ee
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia; Centre for Agriculture and Food Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Ming Quan Lam
- Centre for Agriculture and Food Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia; Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Sui Kiat Chang
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia; Centre for Biomedical and Nutrition Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia.
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Paniagua-López M, Silva-Castro GA, Romero-Freire A, Martín-Peinado FJ, Sierra-Aragón M, García-Romera I. Integrating waste valorization and symbiotic microorganisms for sustainable bioremediation of metal(loid)-polluted soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 945:174030. [PMID: 38885698 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Remediation strategies for metal(loid)-polluted soils vary among the wide range of approaches, including physical, chemical, and biological remediation, or combinations of these. In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of a set of soil remediation treatments based on the combined application of inorganic (marble sludge) and organic amendments (vermicompost, and dry olive residue [DOR] biotransformed by the saprobic fungi Coriolopsis rigida and Coprinellus radians) and inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs) (Rhizophagus irregularis and Rhizoglomus custos). The treatments were applied under greenhouse conditions to soil residually polluted by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) (Pb, As, Zn, Cu, Cd, and Sb), and wheat was grown in the amended soils to test the effectiveness of the treatments in reducing soil toxicity and improving soil conditions and plant performance. Therefore, we evaluated the influence of the treatments on the main soil properties and microbial activities, as well as on PTE availability and bioaccumulation in wheat plants. Overall, the results showed a positive influence of all treatments on the main soil properties. Treatments consisting of a combination of marble and organic amendments, especially biotransformed DOR amendments, showed the greatest effectiveness in improving the soil biological status, promoting plant growth and survival, and reducing PTE availability and plant uptake. Furthermore, AMF inoculation further enhanced the efficacy of DOR amendments by promoting the immobilization of PTEs in soil and stimulating the phytostabilization mechanisms induced by AMFs, thus playing an important bioprotective role in plants. Therefore, our results highlight that biotransformed DOR may represent an efficient product for use as a soil organic amendment when remediating metal(loid)-polluted soils, and that its application in combination with AMFs may represent a promising sustainable bioremediation strategy for recovering soil functions and reducing toxicity in polluted areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Paniagua-López
- Departamento de Edafología y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva, s/n, Granada, 18071, Spain; Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y la Planta, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC), C/ Profesor Albareda, 1, Granada, 18008, Spain.
| | - Gloria Andrea Silva-Castro
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y la Planta, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC), C/ Profesor Albareda, 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - Ana Romero-Freire
- Departamento de Edafología y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva, s/n, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Francisco José Martín-Peinado
- Departamento de Edafología y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva, s/n, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Manuel Sierra-Aragón
- Departamento de Edafología y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva, s/n, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Inmaculada García-Romera
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y la Planta, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC), C/ Profesor Albareda, 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
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3
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Magalhães LPP, de Lima Pereira Sales N, Barroso PD, da Silva RAF, Pinho DB, Zanuncio JC, da Silva AC. Pseudoplagiostoma humilis sp. nov., a New Fungal Species Causing Shoot Blight and Dieback in Anacardium humile in Brazil. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:378. [PMID: 39327315 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03894-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
The cajuzinho do cerrado (Anacardium humile-Anacardiaceae), a shrub species native to Brazil, is harvested for multiple uses in food and medicine. Members of a harvesting community, near the municipality of Bonito de Minas, Minas Gerais state, Brazil reported characteristic symptoms of shoot blight and dieback reducing pseudofruit and seed production by this plant. This study aimed to identify the etiological agent of this disease. Two fungal isolates were obtained from symptomatic leaf samples and morphologically and molecularly characterized. The fungus was identified, based on morphological analyses, as a probable new species of Pseudoplagiostoma. Phylogenetic analyses based on a combination of DNA sequence data (nuc rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region, tef1-α and tub2), confirmed this hypothesis. The isolates obtained were allocated to a distinct, well-supported clade (IB = 0.99, ML = 100%), placed as a unique lineage here proposed as a new species named Pseudoplagiostoma humilis. The pathogenicity test confirmed that this new species was the causal agent of shoot blight and dieback on A. humile. This is the fourteenth Pseudoplagiostoma species reported in the world and the third in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Pedro Pereira Magalhães
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, 39404-547, Brasil
| | - Nilza de Lima Pereira Sales
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, 39404-547, Brasil
| | - Patrícia Doerl Barroso
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, 39404-547, Brasil
| | - Rildo Alexandre Fernandes da Silva
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy RibeiroDistrito Federal, 70910-900, Brasília, Brasil
| | - Danilo Batista Pinho
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy RibeiroDistrito Federal, 70910-900, Brasília, Brasil
| | - José Cola Zanuncio
- Departamento de Entomologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - André Costa da Silva
- Departamento de Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, 91540-000, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brasil.
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O’Keefe JMK, Pound MJ, Romero IC, Nuñez Otaño NB, Gibson ME, McCoy J, Alden ME, Fairchild CJ, Fitzpatrick J, Hodgson E, Horsfall T, Jones S, Lennex-Stone JE, Marsh CA, Patel AA, Spears TM, Tarlton L, Smallwood LF, VanderEspt OL, Cabrera JR, Eble CF, Rember WC, Starnes JE, Alford MH, Brink A, Warny S. Summer-Wet Hydrologic Cycle during the Middle Miocene of the United States: New Evidence from Fossil Fungi. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 7:0481. [PMID: 39319348 PMCID: PMC11420851 DOI: 10.34133/research.0481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Hydrologic reconstructions from North America are largely unknown for the Middle Miocene. Examination of fungal palynomorph assemblages coupled with traditional plant-based palynology permits delineation of local, as opposed to regional, climate signals and provides a baseline for study of ancient fungas. Here, the Fungi in a Warmer World project presents paleoecology and paleoclimatology of 351 fungal morphotypes from 3 sites in the United States: the Clarkia Konservat-Lagerstätte site (Idaho), the Alum Bluff site (Florida), and the Bouie River site (Mississippi). Of these, 83 fungi are identified as extant taxa and 41 are newly reported from the Miocene. Combining new plant-based paleoclimatic reconstructions with funga-based paleoclimate reconstructions, we demonstrate cooling and hydrologic changes from the Miocene climate optimum to the Serravallian. In the southeastern United States, this is comparable to that reconstructed with pollen and paleobotany alone. In the northwestern United States, cooling is greater than indicated by other reconstructions and hydrology shifts seasonally, from no dry season to a dry summer season. Our results demonstrate the utility of fossil fungi as paleoecologic and paleoclimatic proxies and that warmer than modern geological time intervals do not match the "wet gets wetter, dry gets drier" paradigm. Instead, both plants and fungi show an invigorated hydrological cycle across mid-latitude North America.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew J. Pound
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences,
Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ingrid C. Romero
- Department of Engineering Sciences,
Morehead State University, Morehead, KY, USA
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History,
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Noelia B. Nuñez Otaño
- Laboratorio de Geología de Llanuras (CICYTTP– FCyT), CICYTTP (CONICET-Prov. ER—UADER), Diamante, Entre Ríos, Argentina
- CONICET (National Scientific and Technical Research Council), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Jessica McCoy
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences,
Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Margaret E. Alden
- Department of Engineering Sciences,
Morehead State University, Morehead, KY, USA
| | - C. Jolene Fairchild
- Department of Engineering Sciences,
Morehead State University, Morehead, KY, USA
| | - Julia Fitzpatrick
- Department of Biology and Chemistry,
Morehead State University, Morehead, KY, USA
| | - Emily Hodgson
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences,
Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Taylor Horsfall
- Craft Academy for Excellence in Science and Mathematics,
Morehead State University, Morehead, KY, USA
| | - Savannah Jones
- Craft Academy for Excellence in Science and Mathematics,
Morehead State University, Morehead, KY, USA
| | - June E. Lennex-Stone
- Department of Engineering Sciences,
Morehead State University, Morehead, KY, USA
| | - Christopher A. Marsh
- Department of Engineering Sciences,
Morehead State University, Morehead, KY, USA
| | - Alyssa A. Patel
- Craft Academy for Excellence in Science and Mathematics,
Morehead State University, Morehead, KY, USA
| | - Tyler M. Spears
- Department of Engineering Sciences,
Morehead State University, Morehead, KY, USA
| | - Laikin Tarlton
- Department of Biology and Chemistry,
Morehead State University, Morehead, KY, USA
| | - Liberty F. Smallwood
- Department of Biology and Chemistry,
Morehead State University, Morehead, KY, USA
| | - O. L. VanderEspt
- Department of Agricultural Science,
Morehead State University, Morehead, KY, USA
| | - Jeremyah R. Cabrera
- Craft Academy for Excellence in Science and Mathematics,
Morehead State University, Morehead, KY, USA
| | | | | | - James E. Starnes
- Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality, Office of Geology, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Mac H. Alford
- School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences,
University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Alyson Brink
- School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences,
University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Sophie Warny
- Center for Excellence in Palynology, Department of Geology & Geophysics, and Museum of Natural Science,
Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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5
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Lu W, Nutaratat P, Kumla J, Tibpromma S, Elgorban AM, Karunarathna SC, Suwannarach N. Morphological and molecular identification of two new Marasmiellus species (Omphalotaceae, Agaricales) from Thailand. MycoKeys 2024; 109:31-48. [PMID: 39359355 PMCID: PMC11445607 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.109.129791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Marasmiellus (Omphalotaceae, Agaricales) specimens collected in Thailand were investigated based on morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analyses. In the present study, two species are introduced as new to science, namely Marasmiellusthailandicus and M.minutisporus. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out based on the internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) and nuclear ribosomal RNA large subunit (nrLSU) regions, and the results revealed that the two new taxa are distinct species within Marasmiellus. Another specimen was identified as M.scandens and is reported for the first time with morphology and molecular data from Thailand. Descriptions, illustrations, and phylogenetic results are provided. In addition, M.diaphanus and M.colocasiae are proposed as new combinations of Collybiopsisdiaphana and Paramarasmiuscolocasiae, respectively, based on the phylogenetic evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Lu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Pumin Nutaratat
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Jaturong Kumla
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Saowaluck Tibpromma
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Digital Innovation, Thaksin University, Pa Phayom, Phatthalung 93210, Thailand
| | - Abdallah M. Elgorban
- Microbial Technology for Agriculture, Food and Environment Research Center, Faculty of Science and Digital Innovation, Thaksin University, Pa Phayom, Phatthalung 93210, Thailand
| | - Samantha C. Karunarathna
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Digital Innovation, Thaksin University, Pa Phayom, Phatthalung 93210, Thailand
| | - Nakarin Suwannarach
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Trkulja V, Čojić B, Trkulja N, Tomić A, Matić S, Ikanović J, Popović Milovanović T. Colletotrichum Species Associated with Apple Bitter Rot and Glomerella Leaf Spot: A Comprehensive Overview. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:660. [PMID: 39330419 PMCID: PMC11433169 DOI: 10.3390/jof10090660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Species of the genus Colletotrichum are among the most important plant pathogens globally, as they are capable of infecting many hosts-apple (Malus spp.) and other fruit and woody plant species-but also vegetable crops, cereals, legumes, and other annual and perennial herbaceous plants. The apple (Malus spp.) is attacked by various species from the genus Colletotrichum, whereby 27 different species from this genus have been described as the causative agents of apple bitter rot (ABR) and 15 as the cause of Glomerella leaf spot (GLS). These species generally belong to one of three species complexes: Colletotrichum acutatum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Colletotrichum boninense. The largest number of apple pathogens of the genus Colletotrichum belong to the species complex C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides. However, further data on these species and the interactions between the species complexes of the genus Colletotrichum that cause these two apple diseases is needed for the development of effective control measures, thus ensuring successful and profitable apple cultivation. To contribute to this endeavor, a comprehensive review of the causative agents of ABR and GLS from the genus Colletotrichum is provided. In addition to presenting the species' current names, distribution, economic significance, and the symptoms they cause in apple, their development cycle, epidemiology, and molecular detection strategies are described, with a particular emphasis on control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojislav Trkulja
- Agricultural Institute of Republic of Srpska, Knjaza Milosa 17, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Banja Luka, Bulevar Vojvode Petra Bojovića 1A, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Bojana Čojić
- Agricultural Institute of Republic of Srpska, Knjaza Milosa 17, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Nenad Trkulja
- Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Teodora Drajzera 9, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andrija Tomić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, Vuka Karadžića 30, 71123 East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Slavica Matić
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Jela Ikanović
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
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Romanowska-Duda Z, Janas R, Grzesik M. Increasing Fertilization Efficiency of Biomass Ash by the Synergistically Acting Digestate and Extract from Water Plants Sequestering CO 2 in Sorghum Crops. Molecules 2024; 29:4397. [PMID: 39339392 PMCID: PMC11434595 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29184397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The utilization of biomass ash in sustainable agriculture and increasing its fertilizing efficiency by biological agents, potentially sequestering CO2, have become important issues for the global economy. The aim of this paper was to investigate the effects of ash from sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) and Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) biomass, a biogas plant digestate, and a Spirodela polyrhiza extract, acting alone or synergistically, on soil fertility and the development, health and physiological properties of sorghum plants. The results show novel information concerning differences in the composition and impact of ash, depending on its origin, soil properties and sorghum plant development. Sorghum ash was more effective than that from Jerusalem artichoke. Ash used alone and preferably acting synergistically with the digestate and Spirodela polyrhiza extract greatly increased soil fertility and the growth, biomass yield and health of sorghum plants. These improvements were associated with an increased chlorophyll content in leaves, better gas exchange (photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance), greater enzyme activity (acid and alkaline phosphatase, RNase, and total dehydrogenase), and a higher biomass energy value. The developed treatments improved environmental conditions by replacing synthetic fertilizers, increasing the sequestration of CO2, solving the ash storage problem, reducing the need for pesticides, and enabling a closed circulation of nutrients between plant and soil, maintaining high soil fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdzisława Romanowska-Duda
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 92-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Regina Janas
- Department of Cultivar Testing, Nursery and Gene Bank Resources, The Institute of Horticulture-National Research Institute, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland
| | - Mieczysław Grzesik
- Department of Cultivar Testing, Nursery and Gene Bank Resources, The Institute of Horticulture-National Research Institute, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland
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8
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Dahlsjö CAL, Malhi Y. Unravelling a hidden synergy: How pathogen-climate interactions transform habitat hydrology and affect tree growth. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 954:176325. [PMID: 39293759 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 09/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Interactions between multiple global change stressors are a defining characteristic of the Anthropocene. Tree-associated pathogens are affecting forested ecosystems worldwide and occur in the context of increased frequency and intensity of extreme climate events such as heat waves, droughts, and floods. The effects of these events, along with subsequent changes in environmental conditions, on remaining and regenerating trees, are not well understood but crucial for the restoration and conservation of forested habitats. In this study, we investigate ash (Fraxinus excelsior) dieback in a temperate broadleaf woodland as a case study to explore the processes influencing non-infected trees during pathogen-induced mortality events. Utilising an experimental setup, we examine tree growth rates at different chronological stages of the disease, including naturally progressing ash dieback (4-5 years since disease outbreak), accelerated ash dieback where ash trees have been girdled (10-15 years), and negligible ash dieback (<20 % ash trees). During a year with typical climatic conditions (2021), soils in accelerated ash dieback plots remained saturated throughout the summer due to insufficient transpiration (57 % higher in the accelerated dieback plots), suggesting a significantly increased risk of summer run-off and floods. However, tree growth rates in these plots were not affected (t-test, t = -0.3 to 1.2, p > 0.05). Conversely, anomalously dry years, such as the 2022 summer drought, saw higher soil moisture in the accelerated ash dieback plots (t-test, t = 4.8, p < 0.01) acting as a buffer, resulting in normal tree growth during drought compared to greatly reduced growth in plots with weaker dieback. These findings emphasise the complex interactions between extreme climate events and pathogen outbreaks. Better understanding of the relationships between pathogens and hydrology on tree growth is imperative and detailed long-term studies on tree growth and hydrology will facilitate and improve mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia A L Dahlsjö
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK; Leverhulme Centre for Nature Recovery, University of Oxford, UK.
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK; Leverhulme Centre for Nature Recovery, University of Oxford, UK
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9
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Zhang Y, Wang L, Yu X, Cheng S, Liu J, Wang X. Three new taxa of the lichen genus Lobothallia (Megasporaceae, Ascomycota) from China. MycoKeys 2024; 108:351-369. [PMID: 39318423 PMCID: PMC11420544 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.108.126994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Two new species; Lobothalliacrenulata Lun Wang & Y. Y. Zhang, L.lobulata Lun Wang & Y. Y. Zhang and one new variety; L.subdiffractavar.rimosa Lun Wang & Y. Y. Zhang, are reported from China and described, based on morphological, chemical and molecular characters. Phylogenetic analyses showed that these new taxa form monophyletic groups. Lobothalliacrenulata and L.lobulata, together with L.hydrocharis, L.radiosa and L.recedens, form a well-supported clade, whereas L.subdiffractavar.rimosa is nested within the samples of L.subdiffracta. Lobothalliacrenulata is characterised by its placodioid thallus, thickly pruinose upper surface with a rimose appearance, aspicilioid to lecanorine apothecia with a crenate thalline margin and concave, black and pruinose discs. Lobothallialobulata is characterised by its placodioid thallus, pruinose upper surface with lobules, aspicilioid when immature, lecanorine to zeorine apothecia at maturity and concave to plane, dark brown, shiny and epruinose discs. Lobothalliasubdiffractavar.rimosa is characterised by its areolate thallus, rimose and pruinose upper surface, lecanorine apothecia and slightly concave to plane, black and pruinose discs. Secondary metabolites were not detected in the two new species nor the new variety. A key is provided for the species of Lobothallia in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, 241000, Wuhu, China
| | - Lun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, 241000, Wuhu, China
| | - Xinmeng Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, 241000, Wuhu, China
| | - Su Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, 241000, Wuhu, China
| | - Junlan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, 241000, Wuhu, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, CAS, 650201, Kunming, China
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10
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Xiong Y, Hyde KD, Lu L, Harishchandra DL, Mapook A, Xu B, Alotibi F, Manawasinghe IS. Novel Helicoma and Neohelicosporium (Tubeufiaceae, Tubeufiales) species and two new host records of Helicoma on tropical palms (Arecaceae) from China. MycoKeys 2024; 108:287-315. [PMID: 39310740 PMCID: PMC11415625 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.108.128889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Asexual species of Tubeufiaceae are characterised as helicosporous hyphomycetes and are abundantly discovered in tropical and subtropical regions. The present study collected helicosporous fungal samples from rotting tissues of Caryotamitis, Elaeisguineensis and E.oleifera in Xishuangbanna, Yunan Province, China. Fungal isolates were identified, based on the morphological characteristics and multi-gene phylogeny with DNA sequence data of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), part of the large subunit nuclear rRNA gene (LSU), translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (tef 1-α) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit gene (rpb2). Herein, we introduce three new species viz. Helicomaoleifera, Neohelicosporiumguineensis and N.xishuangbannaensis. In addition, we introduce two new host records of Helicomaguttulatum and H.rufum on Caryotamitis. The illustrations of all identified species, detailed descriptions and in-depth phylogenetic analyses are provided. Our results add new knowledge of fungal species associated with palm hosts in southern China. Moreover, our data will contribute to the biodiversity of fungi in tropical China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinru Xiong
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, Guangdong, China
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Kevin D. Hyde
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Li Lu
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, China
| | - Dulanjalee L. Harishchandra
- Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, China
| | - Ausana Mapook
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Biao Xu
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - Fatimah Alotibi
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Ishara S. Manawasinghe
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, Guangdong, China
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11
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Cortina-Escribano M, Veteli P, Wingfield MJ, Wingfield BD, Coetzee MPA, Vanhanen H, Linnakoski R. Phylogenetic analysis and morphological characteristics of laccate Ganoderma specimens in Finland. Mycologia 2024:1-17. [PMID: 39264327 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2024.2381424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
The Ganoderma lucidum complex includes fungi with similar morphologies but which are thought to represent different species. The lack of available type material and associated absence of multiple locus sequence data has complicated identification of these fungi. The aim of this study was to clarify the identity of the laccate Ganoderma species occurring in Finland by inferring a phylogeny using DNA sequences from available boreal-temperate material. DNA from Finnish isolates together with an older G. lucidum isolate originating from the United Kingdom was sequenced, and the morphological features of the Finnish specimens were examined. The phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), the elongation factor 1-α (tef1), RNA polymerase II subunit (rpb2), and partial β-tubulin (β-tub) genes revealed that the G. lucidum isolate from the United Kingdom did not fall within a well-supported clade with other G. lucidum sequences or related species. The Finnish isolates were closely related to the G. tsugae lineage in tef1, rpb2, and β-tub phylogenies. However, G. tsugae appears morphologically distinct from the Finnish material. The results suggest that G. tsugae, or a species phylogenetically closely related to it, may occur in Finland. But further investigation into the relationship between G. tsugae and G. lucidum from Europe will be needed to clarify the identity of the laccate Ganoderma species in Finland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cortina-Escribano
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Joensuu, North Karelia 80100, Finland
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, North Karelia 80100, Finland
| | - Pyry Veteli
- Natural Resources, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Uusimaa, Helsinki 00790, Finland
| | - Michael John Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Brenda Diana Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Martin Petrus Albertus Coetzee
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Henri Vanhanen
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Joensuu, North Karelia 80100, Finland
| | - Riikka Linnakoski
- Natural Resources, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Uusimaa, Helsinki 00790, Finland
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12
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Zhu AH, Song ZK, Wang JF, Guan HW, Qu Z, Ma HX. Multi-Gene Phylogenetic Analyses Reveals Heteroxylaria Gen. Nov. and New Contributions to Xylariaceae (Ascomycota) from China. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:645. [PMID: 39330405 PMCID: PMC11433153 DOI: 10.3390/jof10090645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
An in-depth study of the phylogenetic relationships of Xylaria species associated with nutshells of fruits and seeds within the genus Xylaria and related genera of Xylaceaecea was conducted in China. The multi-gene phylogenetic analyses were carried out based on ITS, RPB2, and TUB sequences of 100 species of 16 known genera in Xylariaceae around the world. Based on molecular phylogenetic analyses, morphological observations, and ecological habitats, a new genus, Heteroxylaria, is established to accommodate four new species, viz. H. cordiicola, H. juglandicola, H. meliicola, and H. terminaliicola, and four new combinations, viz. H. oxyacanthae, H. palmicola, H. reevesiae, and H. rohrensis. The genus is characterized by cylindrical stromata with conspicuous to inconspicuous perithecial mounds, surface black, having brown to dark brown ascospores with a germ slit, and it grows on nutshell of fruits. The combined ITS+RPB2+TUB sequence dataset of representative taxa in the Xylariaceae demonstrate that Heteroxylaria is grouped with Hypocreodendron but forms a monophyletic lineage. All novelties described herein are morphologically illustrated and compared to similar species and phylogeny is investigated to establish new genera and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Hong Zhu
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Microbe Resources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (A.-H.Z.); (Z.-K.S.); (J.-F.W.); (H.-W.G.); (Z.Q.)
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Zi-Kun Song
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Microbe Resources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (A.-H.Z.); (Z.-K.S.); (J.-F.W.); (H.-W.G.); (Z.Q.)
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jun-Fang Wang
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Microbe Resources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (A.-H.Z.); (Z.-K.S.); (J.-F.W.); (H.-W.G.); (Z.Q.)
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hao-Wen Guan
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Microbe Resources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (A.-H.Z.); (Z.-K.S.); (J.-F.W.); (H.-W.G.); (Z.Q.)
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Zhi Qu
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Microbe Resources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (A.-H.Z.); (Z.-K.S.); (J.-F.W.); (H.-W.G.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Hai-Xia Ma
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Microbe Resources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (A.-H.Z.); (Z.-K.S.); (J.-F.W.); (H.-W.G.); (Z.Q.)
- Haikou Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou 571101, China
- Chongzuo Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Chongzuo 532100, China
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13
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Avasthi S, Gautam AK, Verma RK, Rajeshkumar KC, Niranjan M, Sharma A, Karunarathna SC, Suwannarach N. The Genus Ravenelia: Insights on Taxonomy, Diversity and Distribution. Pathogens 2024; 13:775. [PMID: 39338966 PMCID: PMC11434878 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13090775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Ravenelia is the third largest rust genus of the order Pucciniales with more than 200 described species. It is an important rust genus that has undergone tremendous taxonomic changes. This genus produces teliospores united into a head on a compound pedicel composed of two to several hyphae with autoecious, macro-, demi- to hemi-, and, more rarely, microcyclic modes of their life cycle which provide it a unique identity and have proved helpful in the identification of the genus. The current understanding of the taxonomy, history, diversity and distribution of this genus is discussed in this paper. Both online and offline resources were searched to gather data of the published literature. The data thus obtained were analyzed for numerical and graphical summaries to provide the diversity and distribution of the genus. In addition, a phylogenetic analysis based on the ITS and nLSU DNA sequence data available in GenBank and the published literature was performed to examine the taxonomic placement of different species within the genus. The genus was reported to be distributed over 53 countries of the world. Around 51 plant genera belonging to four plant families, viz., Fabaceae, Phyllanthaceae, Asphodelaceae and Zygophyllaceae were found to be infected with these rust fungi. The phylogenetic analysis based on LSU and ITS sequence data revealed the polyphyletic nature of the genus. A table of 248 species of this genus is also provided with all information of host, distribution and cited reference that can be helpful for mycologists to find all information at one place. Future perspectives for the advancement of this genus are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhi Avasthi
- School of Studies in Botany, Jiwaji University, Gwalior 474011, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Gautam
- Patanjali Herbal Research Department, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar 249405, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar Verma
- Department of Plant Pathology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India;
| | - Kunhiraman C. Rajeshkumar
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology (Fungi) Group, MACS Agharkar Research Institute, Pune 411004, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Mekala Niranjan
- Dharmavana Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity & Climate Resilience, Hyderabad, Secunderabad 500051, Telangana, India;
| | - Amita Sharma
- Department of Botany, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136119, Haryana, India;
| | - Samantha Chandranath Karunarathna
- Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China;
| | - Nakarin Suwannarach
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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14
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Black A, Wiertek M, Ferguson S, Wycislo K, Rayhel L, Reid H, Wiederhold N, Cañete-Gibas C. Case report: Localized coloproctitis caused by novel Basidiobolus arizonensis in a dog. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1427496. [PMID: 39318603 PMCID: PMC11420620 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1427496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
A 6-year-old male neutered boxer mix canine was presented for a one-month history of dyschezia, hematochezia, and constipation. Colonoscopy and endoscopic biopsies revealed non-specific lymphoplasmacytic, eosinophilic colitis. Despite pursuing various therapies over a 3.5-month clinical course (including hypoallergenic diet, antibiotics, prokinetics, laxatives, and anti-inflammatory glucocorticoids), the patient's condition did not improve. Two and a half months after initial presentation, the patient developed circumferential proctitis with multiple draining tracts and obstipation. Humane euthanasia and postmortem examination were elected. Gross and histological findings revealed locally extensive pyogranulomatous coloproctitis with many intralesional PAS-positive, GMS-negative 30-40 μm in diameter, hyaline, pauciseptate, irregularly branching fungal hyphae, hyphal bodies or chlamydospores and 25-45 μm in diameter thick-walled zygospores. Fungal culture of fluid from the draining tracts was performed, and DNA sequence analysis of the ITS and partial LSU of the nuclear ribosomal RNA genes were used to identify and confirm a novel species, Basidiobolus arizonensis. Basidiobolus spp. are saprobes in the order Basidiobolales and most commonly cause granulomatous infections of the skin, respiratory tract, and gastrointestinal tract in veterinary species and humans. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of novel Basidiobolus arizonensis causing localized coloproctitis in a dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalise Black
- Department of Pathology & Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, United States
| | - Marcellina Wiertek
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, United States
| | - Sylvia Ferguson
- Department of Pathology & Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, United States
| | - Kathryn Wycislo
- Department of Pathology & Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, United States
| | - Laura Rayhel
- Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, United States
| | - Heather Reid
- Department of Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, United States
| | - Nathan Wiederhold
- Fungus Testing Laboratory, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Connie Cañete-Gibas
- Fungus Testing Laboratory, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
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15
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Wang R, Dong G, Li Y, Wang R, Yang S, Yuan J, Xie X, Shi X, Yu J, Pérez-Moreno J, Yu F, Wan S. Three New Truffle Species ( Tuber, Tuberaceae, Pezizales, and Ascomycota) from Yunnan, China, and Multigen Phylogenetic Arrangement within the Melanosporum Group. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:640. [PMID: 39330401 PMCID: PMC11432785 DOI: 10.3390/jof10090640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Based on a multi-locus phylogeny of a combined dataset of ITS, LSU, tef1-α, and rpb2 and comprehensive morphological analyses, we describe three new species from the Melanosporum group of genus Tuber and synonymize T. pseudobrumale and T. melanoexcavatum. Phylogenetically, the three newly described species, T. yunnanense, T. melanoumbilicatum and T. microexcavatum, differ significantly in genetic distance from any previously known species. Morphologically, T. yunnanense is distinctly different from its closest phylogenetically related species, T. longispinosum, due to its long shuttle-shape spores (average the ratio of spore length to spore width for all spores (Qm) = 1.74). Tuber melanoumbilicatum differs from the other species in having a cavity and long shuttle-shaped spores (Qm = 1.65). Although T. microexcavatum sampled ascomata have relatively low maturity, they can be distinguished from its closely related species T. pseudobrumale by the ascomata size, surface warts, and spore number per asci; additionally, phylogenetic analysis supports it as a new species. In addition, molecular analysis from 22 newly collected specimens and Genebank data indicate that T. pseudobrumale and T. melanoexcavatum are clustered into a single well-supported clade (Bootstrap (BS) = 100, posterior probabilities (PP) = 1.0); and morphological characteristics do not differ. Therefore, based on the above evidence and publication dates, we conclude that T. melanoexcavatum is a synonym of T. pseudobrumale. By taking into account current knowledge and combining the molecular, multigene phylogenetic clade arrangement and morphological data, we propose that the Melanosporum group should be divided into four subgroups. Diagnostic morphological features and an identification key of all known species in the Melanosporum group are also included. Finally, we also provide some additions to the knowledge of the characterization of T. pseudobrumale, T. variabilisporum, and T. pseudohimalayense included in subgroup 1 of the Melanosporum group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650100, China
| | | | - Yupin Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650100, China
| | - Ruixue Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650100, China
| | - Shimei Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650100, China
- The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650100, China
- The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xuedan Xie
- Herbarium, Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xiaofei Shi
- The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Juanbing Yu
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650100, China
| | - Jesús Pérez-Moreno
- Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Microbiología, Edafología, Texcoco 56230, Mexico
| | - Fuqiang Yu
- The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Shanping Wan
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650100, China
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16
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Galindo LJ, Richards TA, Nirody JA. Evolutionarily diverse fungal zoospores show contrasting swimming patterns specific to ultrastructure. Curr Biol 2024:S0960-9822(24)01128-X. [PMID: 39265568 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
Zoosporic fungi, also called chytrids, produce single-celled motile spores with flagellar swimming tails (zoospores).1,2 These fungi are key components of aquatic food webs, acting as pathogens, saprotrophs, and prey.3,4,5,6,7,8 Little is known about the swimming behavior of fungal zoospores, a crucial factor governing dispersal, biogeographical range, ecological function, and infection dynamics.6,9 Here, we track the swimming patterns of zoospores from 12 evolutionarily divergent species of zoosporic fungi from across seven orders of the Chytridiomycota and the Blastocladiomycota. We report two major swimming patterns that correlate with the cytoskeletal ultrastructure of these zoospores. Specifically, we show that species without major cytoplasmic tubulin components swim in a circular fashion, while species with prominent cytoplasmic tubulin structures swim in a pattern akin to a random walk (move-stop-redirect-move). We confirm cytoskeletal architecture by performing fluorescence confocal microscopy across all 12 species. We then treat representative species with variant swimming behaviors and cytoplasmic-cytoskeletal arrangements with tubulin-stabilizing (Taxol) and depolymerizing (nocodazole) pharmacological compounds. We observed that when treating the "random walk" species with nocodazole, their swimming behavior changed to a circular-swimming pattern. Confocal imaging of the nocodazole-treated zoospores demonstrates that these cells maintain flagellum tubulin structures but lack their characteristic cytoplasmic tubulin structures. Our data demonstrate that the capability of zoospores to perform "complex" random-walk movement is linked to the presence of prominent cytoplasmic tubulin structures and suggest a link between cytology, sensory systems, and swimming behavior in a diversity of zoosporic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jasmine A Nirody
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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17
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Zeng W, Habib K, Zhou X, Ren Y, Shen X, Wang B, Kang Y, Kang J, Li Q. Morphology and multigene phylogeny reveal four new Xylaria (Xylariales, Xylariaceae) species from karst region in China. MycoKeys 2024; 108:169-196. [PMID: 39268505 PMCID: PMC11391122 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.108.130565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
This study presents the identification of four novel Xylaria species, discovered in the karst region of China. The discovery was facilitated by a rigorous analysis that encompassed both morpho-anatomical features and multi-locus phylogenetics utilizing sequences from the ITS, rpb2, and TUB2 loci. The newly identified species are designated as Xylariajichuanii sp. nov., X.nanningensis sp. nov., X.orientalis sp. nov., and X.taiyangheensis sp. nov. The distinction of these species from their known counterparts was verified through comparison of morphological features and phylogenetic analysis. The study further provides detailed morphological descriptions, illustrative representations, and a phylogenetic tree, all of which contribute to the taxonomic positioning of these novel species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Gui'an New District, 561113, China
| | - Kamran Habib
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Gui'an New District, 561113, China
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Centre of Guizhou Province (The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Gui'an New District, 561113, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Gui'an New District, 561113, China
| | - Yulin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Gui'an New District, 561113, China
| | - Xiangchun Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Gui'an New District, 561113, China
| | - Bei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Gui'an New District, 561113, China
- Department of Botany, Khushal Khan Khattak University, Karak, KP, Pakistan
| | - Yingqian Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Gui'an New District, 561113, China
| | - Jichuan Kang
- Shandong Qidu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Zibo City, 255400, China
| | - Qirui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Gui'an New District, 561113, China
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18
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Kundu S, Khan MA. Fossils can reveal a long-vanished combination of character states: Evidence from a mysterious foliicolous anamorphic fungus from the Middle Siwalik (Late Miocene) of Himachal Pradesh, India. Mycologia 2024; 116:650-658. [PMID: 39024179 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2024.2367954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Fossils can unveil a long-vanished combination of character states that inform inferences about the timing and patterns of diversification of modern fungi. By examining the well-preserved stacked chained vesicular conidiophores developed in clusters from the basal stroma, we describe a new taxon of fossil Zygosporiaceae with a combination of characters unknown among extant taxa on compressed serrated-margined dicot leaf (cf. Fagaceae) recovered from the Siwalik sediments (Late Miocene; ca. 12-8 Ma) of Himachal Pradesh, western Himalaya. Based upon conidiophore morphology, our Siwalik fungal remains, similar to Zygosporium Mont. (Zygosporiaceae: Xylariales: Sordariomycetes), are recognized as a new fossil species, Z. stromaticum Kundu & Khan, sp. nov. Zygosporium stromaticum is the only known fossil anamorphic fungus that occurs on plant cuticles and has a cluster of stacked chained vesicular conidiophores arising from a poorly preserved basal stroma formed by irregular, thick-walled cells. Its combination of morphological characteristics is unknown in extant fungal taxa, so Z. stromaticum likely represents a new anamorphic foliicolous fungus that may now be extinct. This unique evidence may be essential for the calibration of divergence time estimations of fungal lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampa Kundu
- Palaeobotany and Palynology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Ranchi Road, Purulia 723104, India
| | - Mahasin Ali Khan
- Palaeobotany and Palynology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Ranchi Road, Purulia 723104, India
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Elfar K, Bustamante MI, Rooney-Latham S, Eskalen A, Miller T. Arthrocladiella mougeotii Causing Powdery Mildew on Goji Berry Plants ( Lycium barbarum and L. chinense) and Mixed Infections with Phyllactinia chubutiana in California. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:2668-2671. [PMID: 38720537 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-24-0736-sc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Goji berries (Lycium barbarum and L. chinense) have a rich historical significance in traditional Chinese medicine and have gained popularity as a superfood in Western cultures. From 2021 to 2023, powdery mildew was observed on goji plants of both species in community and residential gardens in Yolo County, California (U.S.A.). Disease severity varied from 20 to 100% of infected leaves per plant. Powdery mildew was characterized by the presence of white fungal colonies on both sides of leaves and fruit sepals. Additionally, a brownish discoloration was observed in infected mature leaves, resulting in further defoliation. Morphologically, the fungus matched the description of Arthrocladiella mougeotii. The pathogen identity was confirmed by phylogenetic analyses of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer and the 28S rDNA gene sequences. Pathogenicity was confirmed by inoculating healthy L. barbarum plants using infected leaves and successfully reproducing powdery mildew symptoms after 28 days (22°C, 60% RH), with A. mougeotii colonies confirmed by morphology. Control leaves remained symptomless. Coinfection with Phyllactinia chubutiana was detected on plants from two separate gardens, with A. mougeotii observed first in late spring (May to June) and P. chubutiana later in the summer (July to August). These results revealed that both A. mougeotii and P. chubutiana constitute causal agents of powdery mildew on goji berry plants, often infecting the same plant tissues simultaneously. To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. mougeotii causing powdery mildew on L. barbarum and L. chinense in California, which provides a better understanding of the etiology of powdery mildew of goji plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Elfar
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | | | - Suzanne Rooney-Latham
- California Department of Food and Agriculture Plant Pest Diagnostics Center (PPDC), Sacramento, CA 95832-1448
| | - Akif Eskalen
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Tom Miller
- Los Angeles County, Agricultural Commissioner/Weights and Measures, South Gate, CA 90280
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Hussain S, Al-Kharousi M, Al-Maqbali D, Al-Owaisi AA, Velazhahan R, Al-Sadi AM, Al-Yahya'ei MN. Notes on the Ecology and Distribution of Species of the Genera of Bondarzewiaceae ( Russulales and Basidiomycota) with an Emphasis on Amylosporus. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:625. [PMID: 39330385 PMCID: PMC11433285 DOI: 10.3390/jof10090625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The family Bondarzewiaceae is an important and diverse group of macrofungi associated with wood as white rotting fungi, and some species are forest tree pathogens. Currently, there are nine genera and approximately 89 species in the family, distributed in tropical, subtropical, and temperate climates. To address the phylogenetic relationships among the genera, a combined ITS-28S dataset was subjected to maximum likelihood (ML), Bayesian inference (BI), and time divergence analyses using the BEAST package. Both ML and BI analyses revealed two major clades, where one major clade consisted of Amylosporus, Stecchericium, and Wrightoporia austrosinensisa. The second major clade is composed of Bondarzewia, Heterobasidion, Gloiodon, Laurilia, Lauriliella, and Wrightoporia, indicating that these genera are phylogenetically similar. Wrightoporia austrosinensisa recovered outside of Wrightoporia, indicating that this species is phylogenetically different from the rest of the species of the genus. Similarly, time divergence analyses suggest that Bondarzewiaceae diversified around 114 million years ago (mya), possibly during the Early Cretaceous Epoch. The genus Amylosporus is well resolved within the family, with an estimated stem age of divergent around 62 mya, possibly during the Eocene Epoch. Further, the species of the genus are recovered in two sister clades. One sister clade consists of species with pileate basidiomata and generative hyphae with clamp connections, corresponding to the proposed section Amylosporus sect. Amylosporus. The other consists of species having resupinate basidiomata and generative hyphae without clamps, which is treated here as Amylosporus sect. Resupinati. We provided the key taxonomic characters, known distribution, number of species, and stem age of diversification of each section. Furthermore, we also described a new species, Amylosporus wadinaheezicus, from Oman, based on morphological characters of basidiomata and multigene sequence data of ITS, 28S, and Tef1-α. With pileate basidiomata and phylogenetic placement, the new species is classified under the proposed A. sect. Amylosporus. An identification key to the known species of Amylosporus is presented. Ecology and distribution of species of the genera in the family are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Hussain
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 34, AlKhoud 123, Oman
- Oman Animal and Plant Genetic Resources Center (Mawarid), Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation, P.O. Box 515, AlKhoud 123, Oman
| | - Moza Al-Kharousi
- Oman Animal and Plant Genetic Resources Center (Mawarid), Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation, P.O. Box 515, AlKhoud 123, Oman
| | - Dua'a Al-Maqbali
- Oman Animal and Plant Genetic Resources Center (Mawarid), Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation, P.O. Box 515, AlKhoud 123, Oman
| | - Arwa A Al-Owaisi
- Oman Animal and Plant Genetic Resources Center (Mawarid), Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation, P.O. Box 515, AlKhoud 123, Oman
| | - Rethinasamy Velazhahan
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 34, AlKhoud 123, Oman
| | - Abdullah M Al-Sadi
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 34, AlKhoud 123, Oman
- College of Agriculture, University of Al Dhaid, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed N Al-Yahya'ei
- Oman Animal and Plant Genetic Resources Center (Mawarid), Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation, P.O. Box 515, AlKhoud 123, Oman
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Dettman JR, Gerdis S. Alternaria sections Infectoriae and Pseudoalternaria: New genomic resources, phylogenomic analyses, and biodiversity. Mycologia 2024; 116:659-672. [PMID: 38884943 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2024.2354149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Species in Alternaria sections Infectoriae and Pseudoalternaria are commonly isolated from agricultural crops and a variety of other plant hosts. With the increasing appreciation that species from these two sections are often the dominant taxa recovered from important cereal crops, the need for improved understanding of their biodiversity and taxonomy has grown. Given that morphological characteristics and existing molecular markers are not sufficient for distinguishing among species, we expanded the genomic resources for these sections to support research in biosystematics and species diagnostics. Whole genome assemblies for 22 strains were generated, including the first genomes from section Infectoriae or Pseudoalternaria strains sampled from Canada, which significantly increases the number of publicly released genomes, particularly for section Pseudoalternaria. We performed comprehensive phylogenomic analyses of all available genomes (n = 39) and present the first robust phylogeny for these taxa. The segregation of the two sections was strongly supported by genomewide data, and multiple lineages were detected within each section. We then provide an overview of the biosystematics of these groups by analyzing two standard molecular markers from the largest sample of section Infectoriae and Pseudoalternaria strains studied to date. The patterns of relative diversity suggest that, in many cases, multiple species described based on minor morphological differences may actually represent different strains of the same species. A list of candidate loci for development into new informative molecular markers, which are diagnostic for sections and lineages, was created from analyses of phylogenetic signals from individual genes across the entire genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy R Dettman
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Suzanne Gerdis
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
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22
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Nanu S, Kumar TKA. New species of Chalciporus and Tylopilus from India, with keys to the known species. Mycologia 2024; 116:729-743. [PMID: 38976842 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2024.2358942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Two new species, Chalciporus rubrostipitatus and Tylopilus purpureus, are proposed from India based on morphological and molecular data. Chalciporus rubrostipitatus is characterized by basidiomata having purplish red to reddish pileus with subtomentose to rugose surface, whitish pileal context, round to angular pores, and reddish orange to red stipe, which is pruinose toward the apex. Tylopilus purpureus produces basidiomata having a purple to vinaceous purple pileus, whitish pore surface that changes to reddish brown on bruising, and a minutely pubescent purplish stipe. Morphological descriptions and comparisons, taxonomic keys, and results of phylogenetic analyses using sequences of the ITS (internal transcribed spacer), 28S (28S rRNA), and RPB2 (second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II) gene regions are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salna Nanu
- Department of Botany, The Zamorin's Guruvayurappan College (Affiliated to The University of Calicut), Kerala, 673 014, India
| | - T K Arun Kumar
- Department of Botany, The Zamorin's Guruvayurappan College (Affiliated to The University of Calicut), Kerala, 673 014, India
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Gannibal PB, Gomzhina MM. Revision of Alternaria sections Pseudoulocladium and Ulocladioides: Assessment of species boundaries, determination of mating-type loci, and identification of Russian strains. Mycologia 2024; 116:744-763. [PMID: 39024131 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2024.2363152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Alternaria is a large genus within Pleosporaceae and consists of fungi that have up to recently been considered to be 15 separate genera, including Ulocladium. The majority of Ulocladium species after incorporation into Alternaria were placed in three sections: Ulocladioides, Pseudoulocladium, and Ulocladium. In this study, phylogeny of 26 reference strains of 22 species and 20 Russian Ulocladium-like isolates was recovered. The partial actin gene (act), Alternaria major allergen (alta1), calmodulin (cal), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2), and translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1) were sequenced for Russian isolates. All these fungi were examined using multilocus phylogenetic analysis according to the genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition (GCPSR) principle and the coalescent-based model Poisson tree processes (PTP, mPTP) and evaluated for the presence of recombination. All strains were combined into two clades that corresponded to the Pseudoulocladium and Ulocladioides sections. The Pseudoulocladium clade included four reference strains and nine local isolates and considered to be a single species, whereas the Ulocladioides section comprises 11 species, instead of 17 names previously adopted. Nine species were abolished by joining four other species. Species A. atra and A. multiformis were combined into the single species A. atra. Five species, A. brassicae-pekinensis, A. consortialis, A. cucurbitae, A. obovoidea, and A. terricola, were united in the species A. consortialis. Alternaria heterospora and A. subcucurbitae were combined into one species, A. subcucurbitae. Alternaria aspera, A. chartarum, A. concatenata, and A. septospora were combined into a single species, A. chartarum. Also, amplification with two different primer sets was performed to define mating-type locus 1 (MAT1) idiomorph. All studied isolates were heterothallic, contradicting some prior studies. Twenty Russian Ulocladium-like isolates were assigned to five species of two sections, A. atra, A. cantlous, A. chartarum, A. consortialis, and A. subcucurbitae. Species A. cantlous and A. subcucurbitae were found in Russia for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp B Gannibal
- Laboratory of Mycology and Phytopathology, All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, shosse Podbelskogo 3, Saint Petersburg 196608, Russia
| | - Maria M Gomzhina
- Laboratory of Mycology and Phytopathology, All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, shosse Podbelskogo 3, Saint Petersburg 196608, Russia
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24
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Dong J, Zhu Y, Qian C, Zhao C. Taxonomy and phylogeny of Auriculariales (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota) with descriptions of four new species from south-western China. MycoKeys 2024; 108:115-146. [PMID: 39246551 PMCID: PMC11380053 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.108.128659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The wood-inhabiting fungi play an integral role in wood degradation and the cycle of matter in the ecological system. They are considered as the "key player" in wood decomposition, because of their ability to produce lignocellulosic enzymes that break down woody lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. In the present study, four new wood-inhabiting fungal species, Adustochaetealbomarginata, Ad.punctata, Alloexidiopsisgrandinea and Al.xantha collected from southern China, are proposed, based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence. Adustochaetealbomarginata is characterised by resupinate basidiomata with cream to buff, a smooth, cracked, hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae and subcylindrical to allantoid basidiospores (12-17.5 × 6.5-9 µm). Adustochaetepunctata is characterised by resupinate basidiomata with cream, a smooth, punctate hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae and subcylindrical to allantoid basidiospores (13.5-18 × 6-8.2 µm). Alloexidiopsisgrandinea is characterised by resupinate basidiomata with buff to slightly yellowish, a grandinioid hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae and allantoid basidiospores (10-12.3 × 5-5.8 µm). Additionally, Alloexidiopsisxantha is characterised by resupinate basidiomata with cream to slightly buff, a smooth hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae and subcylindrical to allantoid basidiospores measuring 20-24 × 5-6.2 µm. Sequences of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and the large subunit (nrLSU) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) markers of the studied samples were generated. Phylogenetic analyses were performed with the Maximum Likelihood, Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian Inference methods. The phylogram, based on the ITS+nLSU rDNA gene regions, revealed that four new species were assigned to the genera Adustochaete and Alloexidiopsis within the order Auriculariales, individually. The phylogenetic tree inferred from the ITS sequences highlighted that Ad.albomarginata was retrieved as a sister to Ad.yunnanensis and the species Ad.punctata was sister to Ad.rava. The topology, based on the ITS sequences, showed that Al.grandinea was retrieved as a sister to Al.schistacea and the taxon Al.xantha formed a monophyletic lineage. Furthermore, two identification keys to Adustochaete and Alloexidiopsis worldwide are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the South-west Mountains of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of In-forest Re-source, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China Southwest Forestry University Kunming China
| | - Yonggao Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the South-west Mountains of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of In-forest Re-source, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China Southwest Forestry University Kunming China
| | - Chengbin Qian
- The Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the South-west Mountains of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of In-forest Re-source, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China Southwest Forestry University Kunming China
| | - Changlin Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the South-west Mountains of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of In-forest Re-source, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China Southwest Forestry University Kunming China
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25
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Nisa SU, Badshah H, Shah SA, Mumtaz AS. First report of Morchella galilaea, an autumn species from Pakistan, based on multilocus DNA sequences, light microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy analyses. Microsc Res Tech 2024. [PMID: 39210581 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Morchella is highly prized for its distinct and delicious taste, making it one of the most sought-after and valuable macrofungi. Despite Pakistan exporting morels to various European countries, Morchella's diversity in this South Asian country has not been cataloged using multilocus DNA sequence data. Realizing the need for their scientific identity, various collections were commissioned, including those from the low and high altitudinal zones of the Charsadda, Swat, and Poonch districts of Pakistan during autumn of 2015 through 2019. Specimens were identified by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and portions of the RNA polymerase II largest subunit (RPB1), second largest subunit (RPB2), and translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1) loci. Multigene molecular phylogenetic analysis revealed the autumnal collections were Morchella galilaea Masaphy & Clowez. The species was previously documented in the United States, China, Israel, and Turkey. A detailed taxonomic description, light and scanning electron microscopy, and multigene molecular phylogenetic analyses of the species are reported here for the first time from Pakistan. The study underscores the necessity for further surveys of unexplored areas of Pakistan and systematics of Morchella to augment species diversity and their geographic distribution. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Specimens of Morchella were collected from low and high altitudinal zones in Pakistan during the autumn. Specimens were assessed using multigene (ITS, RPB1, RPB2, and TEF1) molecular phylogenetic analyses for the first time in Pakistan. The specimens were identified as Morchella galilaea based on multigene molecular phylogenetic analysis. Updated taxonomic descriptions of macro- and microanatomical characters were provided for clarity and precision. Hitherto-unreported shapes of paraphyses and acroparaphyses are observed and thoroughly reported. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of an ascospore is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surat Un Nisa
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hussain Badshah
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sayed Afzal Shah
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Samad Mumtaz
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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26
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Paul D, Moharana B, Sawant SB, Sahu S, Bahinapati S, Das M, Hallur V. Breaking new ground: First case of keratitis by Apiospora. Indian J Med Microbiol 2024; 52:100711. [PMID: 39181332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Fungi belonging to Apiospora are phytopathogens not reported from human infections. Here, we report a case of keratitis due to Apiospora species in a carpenter who sustained a bamboo shrapnel injury to his eye when he was not wearing safety goggles. Thin hyaline septate hyphae were found on calcofluor white with potassium hydroxide (Calco-KOH) preparation of the scraping. A nonsporulating white mold grew from the corneal scrape, identified as A. rasikravindrae by Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region sequencing. The patient improved with debridement and topical antifungal therapy. Educational interventions are needed to encourage safety goggles to prevent corneal injuries and blindness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diptanu Paul
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhubaneswar, 751019, Odisha, India.
| | - Bruttendu Moharana
- Department of Opthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhubaneswar, 751019, Odisha, India.
| | - Shraddha B Sawant
- Advanced Molecular and Diagnostics Research Centre For Fungi for Fungi in East India, Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhubaneswar, 751019, Odisha, India.
| | - Supriya Sahu
- Advanced Molecular and Diagnostics Research Centre For Fungi for Fungi in East India, Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhubaneswar, 751019, Odisha, India.
| | - Subhasmita Bahinapati
- Advanced Molecular and Diagnostics Research Centre For Fungi for Fungi in East India, Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhubaneswar, 751019, Odisha, India.
| | - Madhuchhanda Das
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Disease, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India.
| | - Vinaykumar Hallur
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhubaneswar, 751019, Odisha, India.
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Douch JK, Vaughan LJ, Cooper JA, Holmes GD, Robinson R, Stefani F, Idnurm A, May TW. Taxonomic revision of fleshy species of Hydnellum, Neosarcodon, and Sarcodon (Thelephorales) from Australasia. Mycologia 2024:1-28. [PMID: 39208239 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2024.2363211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Stipitate Thelephorales are basidiomycetous, mostly hydnoid, ectomycorrhizal fungi. Some species have declined considerably, and some are threat-listed as vulnerable or endangered. These ecological concerns require a well-resolved taxonomy to understand diversity in this group of fungi and facilitate conservation. However, phylogenetic studies have mostly neglected Southern Hemisphere representatives. This study examines the fleshy species of stipitate Thelephorales from native forests in Australia and New Zealand, using morphological analyses and phylogenetic analyses of nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS barcode) and D1-D2 domains at the 5' end of nuc 28S rDNA (28S) sequences amplified from DNA isolated from fungarium collections and environmental DNA (eDNA) sequences from the Australian Microbiome initiative. Five new species, Sarcodon austrofibulatus, Hydnellum gatesiae, H. nothofagacearum, H. pseudoioeides, and H. variisporum, are described, Sarcodon carbonarius is transferred to Neosarcodon, and a key is provided for the six named species in the region. Boletopsis and Neosarcodon are reported from Australia for the first time based on detections from eDNA in soil samples taken from native forests. The Australasian species of Hydnellum occupy a highly derived position with the phylogeny of the genus, the members of which are otherwise all from the Northern Hemisphere, suggestive of a long-distance dispersal origin for the Australasian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- James K Douch
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Birdwood Avenue, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Luke J Vaughan
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Birdwood Avenue, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Jerry A Cooper
- Landcare Research-Manaaki Whenua, PO Box 69040, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand
| | - Gareth D Holmes
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Birdwood Avenue, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Richard Robinson
- Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Western Australia 6983, Australia
| | - Franck Stefani
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1A OC6, Canada
| | - Alexander Idnurm
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Tom W May
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Birdwood Avenue, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
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28
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de Oliveira JA, Custódio FA, Pereira OL. Cultivable root endophytic fungi associated with Acrocomia aculeata and its antagonistic activity against phytopathogenic oomycetes. Braz J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s42770-024-01482-z. [PMID: 39190259 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01482-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Macaw palm (Acrocomia aculeata Jacq.) is a palm, native to Brazilian territory that stands out due to the amount of oil produced with applications in the biodiesel industry, cosmetics, and food. Its commercial exploitation in Brazil, including phytosanitary management is based on concepts and practices of regenerative agriculture, which has the responsibility of sustainable cultivation by avoiding, for example, the use of chemical pesticides. Recently, root and stem rot disease were reported in macaw palm seedlings caused by Phytophthora palmivora. Managing this plant pathogen is complex, and the chemical control of this soil-borne oomycete is not viable, in addition to the negative impact on the environment. Many microorganisms are studied and used as biological control agents (BCAs) against pathogens, among them the community of endophytic fungi associated with plants. This is a sustainable biotechnological alternative for plant disease control. The community of cultivable endophytic fungi associated with healthy roots of macaw palm was explored using the extinction cultivation technique and a screening was carried out to select potential antagonists against oomycetes through the dual culture test. Specific gene regions from the best isolates were amplified for identification. A total of 250 isolates were obtained, and 46 were selected for in vitro tests against representatives of phytopathogenic oomycetes. After tests against Phytophthora heterospora, Phytophthora palmivora, Pythium aphanidermatum, and Pythium deliense, two isolates were selected as potential antagonists. The phylogenetic analysis of selected isolates showed that they belong to two different species: Talaromyces sayulitensis COAD 3605 and Epicoccum italicum COAD 3608. The percentage of inhibition of phytopathogenic oomycetes testedwas until 82% in the antagonism tests conducted. From the 46 isolates selected, only 2 were selected which showed great antagonistic activity towards all oomycetes tested. These fungi will be used in upcoming studies that aim to determine the effectiveness of endophytes in controlling diseases caused by oomycetes in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fábio Alex Custódio
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Olinto Liparini Pereira
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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He WM, Zhang JB, Zhai ZJ, Tennakoon DS, Cui CY, Zhou JP, Chen MH, Hu HJ, Yin H, Gao Y, Hu DM, Song HY. Four novel species of Pleurotheciaceae collected from freshwater habitats in Jiangxi Province, China. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1452499. [PMID: 39252836 PMCID: PMC11381233 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1452499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
During an investigation of fungal diversity from freshwater environments in different regions in Jiangxi Province, China, four interesting species were collected. Morphology coupled with combined gene analysis of an ITS, LSU, SSU, and rpb2 DNA sequence data showed that they belong to the family Pleurotheciaceae. Four new species, Pleurotheciella ganzhouensis, Pla. irregularis, Pla. verrucosa, and Pleurothecium jiangxiense are herein described. Pleurotheciella ganzhouensis is characterized by its capsule-shaped conidia and short conidiophores, while Pla. irregularis has amorphous conidiophores and 3-septate conidia. Pleurotheciella verrucosa has cylindrical or verrucolose conidiogenous cells, 1-septate, narrowly fusiform, meniscus or subclavate conidia. Pleurothecium jiangxiense characterized in having conidiogenous cells with dense cylindrical denticles and short conidiophores. Pleurothecium obovoideum was transferred to Neomonodictys based on phylogenetic evidence. All species are compared with other similar species and comprehensive descriptions, micrographs, and phylogenetic data are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ming He
- Bioengineering and Technological Research Center for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Excavation and Utilization of Agricultural Microorganisms, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun-Bo Zhang
- Kunming Edible Fungi Institute of All China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives, Kunming, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhai
- Bioengineering and Technological Research Center for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Excavation and Utilization of Agricultural Microorganisms, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | | | - Chao-Yu Cui
- Bioengineering and Technological Research Center for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Excavation and Utilization of Agricultural Microorganisms, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jian-Ping Zhou
- Bioengineering and Technological Research Center for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Excavation and Utilization of Agricultural Microorganisms, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ming-Hui Chen
- Bioengineering and Technological Research Center for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Excavation and Utilization of Agricultural Microorganisms, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hai-Jing Hu
- Bioengineering and Technological Research Center for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Excavation and Utilization of Agricultural Microorganisms, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hua Yin
- Bioengineering and Technological Research Center for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Bioengineering and Technological Research Center for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Excavation and Utilization of Agricultural Microorganisms, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Dian-Ming Hu
- Bioengineering and Technological Research Center for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Excavation and Utilization of Agricultural Microorganisms, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hai-Yan Song
- Bioengineering and Technological Research Center for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Nanchang, China
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Chen LG, Ding L, Chen H, Zeng H, Zeng ZH, Wang SN, Yan JQ. Seven New Species of Entoloma Subgenus Cubospora (Entolomataceae, Agaricales) from Subtropical Regions of China. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:594. [PMID: 39194919 DOI: 10.3390/jof10080594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Entoloma is a relatively large genus in Agaricales, with a rich diversity of species and a wide distribution. In this study, seven new species of Entoloma belonging to the subgenus Cubospora have been identified based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence from subtropical regions of China. Morphologically, E. excavatum is characterized by the yellow, depressed, estriate pileus and medium-sized basidiospores; E. lacticolor is recognized by the white and papillate pileus, adnexed lamellae, and presence of clamp connections; E. phlebophyllum is identified by the pink-to-maroon and estriate pileus, and lamellae with lateral veins; E. rufomarginatum differs from other cuboid-spored species by the lamellae edge which is red-brown-underlined; E. subcycneum is characterized by the white pileus and carneogriseum-type cheilocystidia; E. submurrayi is recognized by the pileus margin exceeding the lamellae, 2-layered pileipellis with hyphae of different widths, and the presence of clamp connections; E. tomentosum is identified by the tomentose pileus, heterogeneous lamella edge, and versiform cheilocystidia with brown-yellow contents. Their distinct taxonomic status is confirmed by the positions of the seven new species in both the ITS + LSU and 3-locus (LSU, tef-1α, rpb2) phylogenetic trees. Detailed descriptions, color photos, and a key to related species are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Gen Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Excavation and Utilization of Agricultural Microorganisms, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Ling Ding
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Excavation and Utilization of Agricultural Microorganisms, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Excavation and Utilization of Agricultural Microorganisms, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Institute of Edible mushroom, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350011, China
| | - Zhi-Heng Zeng
- Institute of Edible mushroom, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350011, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Excavation and Utilization of Agricultural Microorganisms, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Subtropical Forest Resourecs cultivation, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Jun-Qing Yan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Excavation and Utilization of Agricultural Microorganisms, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
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Piątek M, Stryjak-Bogacka M, Czachura P. Arthrocatenales, a new order of extremophilic fungi in the Dothideomycetes. MycoKeys 2024; 108:47-74. [PMID: 39220356 PMCID: PMC11362667 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.108.128033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The widely treated order Capnodiales is one of the most important orders in the class Dothideomycetes. Recently, the order Capnodiales s. lat. was reassessed and split into seven orders (Capnodiales s. str., Cladosporiales, Comminutisporales, Mycosphaerellales, Neophaeothecales, Phaeothecales and Racodiales) based on multi-locus phylogeny, morphology and life strategies. In this study, two Arthrocatena strains isolated from sooty mould communities on the leaves of Tiliacordata and needles of Pinusnigra in southern Poland were analyzed. Multi-locus phylogenetic analyses (ITS-LSU-SSU-rpb2-tef1) along with morphological examination showed that they belong to Capnobotryellaantalyensis, which represents a sister taxon to Arthrocatenatenebrosa. Capnobotryellaantalyensis is a rock-inhabiting fungus described from Turkey. The following new combination is proposed: Arthrocatenaantalyensis. Phylogenetic analyses also showed that Arthrocatena and related genus Hyphoconis, both known previously only from rocks, form a sister lineage to orders Cladosporiales and Comminutisporales. The new order Arthrocatenales and new family Arthrocatenaceae are proposed to this clade. Representatives of this order are extremophilic fungi that live on rocks and in sooty mould communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Piątek
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, PL-31-512 Kraków, PolandW. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of SciencesKrakówPoland
| | - Monika Stryjak-Bogacka
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, PL-31-512 Kraków, PolandW. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of SciencesKrakówPoland
| | - Paweł Czachura
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, PL-31-512 Kraków, PolandW. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of SciencesKrakówPoland
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Deng PT, Liu WH, Ge ZW, Zhang P. Three new ramarioid species of Phaeoclavulina (Gomphaceae, Gomphales) from China. MycoKeys 2024; 108:1-14. [PMID: 39220354 PMCID: PMC11358615 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.108.128716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Three new species of Phaeoclavulina from China are described: Phaeoclavulinabicolor, P.echinoflava, and P.jilinensis. Recognition of the new species is supported by morphological and molecular evidence. Phylogenetic analyses of concatenated ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and nuclear large subunit sequences support the establishment of the new species and their placement within the Phaeoclavulina clade. A key to the known Phaeoclavulina species in China is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Tao Deng
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, ChinaHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Wen-Hao Liu
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, ChinaHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Zai-Wei Ge
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, ChinaKunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Ping Zhang
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, ChinaHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
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Bolesławska I, Górna I, Sobota M, Bolesławska-Król N, Przysławski J, Szymański M. Wild Mushrooms as a Source of Bioactive Compounds and Their Antioxidant Properties-Preliminary Studies. Foods 2024; 13:2612. [PMID: 39200539 PMCID: PMC11353347 DOI: 10.3390/foods13162612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to preliminarily determine the content of bioactive components in the fruiting bodies of four previously unstudied mushroom species: Aleuria aurantia, Phallus hadriani, Phanus conchatus, Geastrum pectinatum, their antioxidant activity and the content of polyphenols, minerals and heavy metals. METHODS Determination of active compounds by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was carried out in addition to thermogravimetric determinations, quantitative determination of total polyphenols by spectrophotometry using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, determination of antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-di-[3-ethylbentiazoline sulphonated] (ATBS). In addition, spectrometric analysis of selected minerals and heavy metals was performed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). RESULTS The mushrooms analysed varied in terms of their bioactive constituents. They contained components with varying effects on human health, including fatty acids, oleamide, 1,2-dipalmitoylglycerol, (2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)-methyl ester of oleic acid, deoxyspergualin, 2-methylenocholestan-3-ol, hexadecanoamide, isoallochan, 2,6-diaminopurine, and adenine. All contained polyphenols and varying amounts of minerals (calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, potassium, phosphorus, sodium, copper, silicon and manganese) and exhibited antioxidant properties of varying potency. No exceedances of the permissible concentration of lead and cadmium were observed in any of them. CONCLUSIONS All of the mushrooms studied can provide material for the extraction of various bioactive compounds with physiological effects. In addition, the presence of polyphenols and minerals, as well as antioxidant properties and the absence of exceeding the permissible concentration of heavy metals, indicate that these species could be interesting material in the design of foods with health-promoting properties, nutraceuticals or dietary supplements. However, the use of the fruiting bodies of these mushrooms requires mandatory toxicological and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Bolesławska
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (I.B.); (M.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Ilona Górna
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (I.B.); (M.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Marta Sobota
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (I.B.); (M.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Natasza Bolesławska-Król
- Student Society of Radiotherapy, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, 28 Zyty Street, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland;
| | - Juliusz Przysławski
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (I.B.); (M.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Marcin Szymański
- Centre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University of Poznan, 10 University of Poznan Street, 61-614 Poznan, Poland;
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Niu KY, He J, Tang SM, Su XJ, Luo ZL. Morphological and Phylogenetic Analyses Reveal Three Novel Species of Sanguinoderma ( Ganodermataceae, Basidiomycota) from Yunnan Province, China. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:589. [PMID: 39194914 DOI: 10.3390/jof10080589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Sanguinoderma (Ganodermataceae) is recognized as a valuable medicinal resource in Taiwan, China. Additionally, it serves as a traditional folk medicine for treating neurotic epilepsy in Malaysia. This study involved the collection of six specimens of Sanguinoderma from Yunnan Province, China. Employing multigene phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences, including internal transcribed spacer (ITS), nuclear large subunit (LSU), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1-α), mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU), nuclear small subunit (nSSU) and morphological examinations, three new species, viz. Sanguinoderma concentricum, S. dehongense and S. ovisporum, are introduced. Sanguinoderma concentricum is characterized by a central stipe basidiomata, an orbicular to suborbicular pileus, a grayish-yellow surface with alternating concentric zones and wavy margin-like petals and regular pileipellis cells (4-8 × 17-28 μm). Sanguinoderma dehongense is characterized by a long stipe and flabelliform basidiomata, a dark-grayish yellow-to-dark-yellow pileus surface, irregular pileipellis cells and wavy margin and ellipsoid basidia (8-11 × 9-13 μm). Sanguinoderma ovisporum is characterized by a reniform basidiomata, a heterogeneous context and ovoid basidiospores (7.5-8.6 × 5.5-7.2 µm). A detailed description and illustrations of these new species are provided, as well as a morphological comparison with similar taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yang Niu
- College of Agriculture and Biological Science, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
| | - Jun He
- College of Biotechnology and Engineering, West Yunnan University, Lincang 677000, China
| | - Song-Ming Tang
- College of Agriculture and Biological Science, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
| | - Xi-Jun Su
- College of Agriculture and Biological Science, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
| | - Zong-Long Luo
- College of Agriculture and Biological Science, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
- Cangshan Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Yunnan Province, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
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Sun QR, Xu XL, Zeng Z, Deng Y, Liu F, Gao LP, Wang FH, Yan YQ, Liu YG, Yang CL. Six Species of Phyllachora with Three New Taxa on Grass from Sichuan Province, China. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:588. [PMID: 39194912 DOI: 10.3390/jof10080588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Phyllachora (Phyllachoraceae, Phyllachorales) species are parasitic fungi with a wide global distribution, causing tar spots on plants. In this study, we describe three newly discovered species: Phyllachora chongzhouensis, Phyllachora neidongensis, and Phyllachora huiliensis from Poaceae in China. These species were characterized using morphological traits and multi-locus phylogeny based on the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) with the intervening 5.8S rRNA gene, the large subunit of the rRNA gene (LSU), and the 18S ribosomal RNA gene (SSU). Three known species of P. chloridis, P. graminis, and P. miscanthi have also been redescribed, because, in reviewing the original references of P. chloridis, P. graminis, and P. miscanthi, these were found to be relatively old and in Chinese or abbreviated. In addition, the illustrations were simple. In molecular identification, the ITS sequence is short, while the ITS, LSU, and SSU are incomplete. Therefore, this study provides new important references for the redescription of three known species and provides further evidence for the identification of new taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Rong Sun
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Xu
- Forestry Research Institute, Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhen Zeng
- Forestry Research Institute, Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yu Deng
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Feng Liu
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Li-Ping Gao
- Forestry Research Institute, Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Fei-Hu Wang
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ya-Qian Yan
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ying-Gao Liu
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chun-Lin Yang
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Wang CG, Liu S, Ghobad-Nejhad M, Liu HG, Dai YC, Yuan Y. Three new species of Cyanosporus (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from China. MycoKeys 2024; 107:249-272. [PMID: 39169990 PMCID: PMC11336382 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.107.126139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyanosporus is a cosmopolitan genus characterized by effused-reflexed to pileate basidiomata with a bluish tint and allantoid to cylindrical basidiospores which are negative to weakly positive in Melzer's reagent and Cotton Blue, causing a brown rot. Three new species of Cyanosporus, namely, C.linzhiensis, C.miscanthi and C.tabuliformis are described and illustrated. Phylogenies on Cyanosporus are reconstructed with seven loci DNA sequences including ITS, nLSU, nSSU, mtSSU, RPB1, RPB2 and TEF1 based on phylogenetic analyses combined with morphological examination. The description for the new species is given. The main morphological characteristics of all 38 accepted species in Cyanosporus are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Ge Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shun Liu
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinaPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Masoomeh Ghobad-Nejhad
- Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran 3353-5111, IranIranian Research Organization for Science and TechnologyTehranIran
| | - Hong-Gao Liu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Gastrodia and Fungi Symbiotic Biology, Zhaotong University, Zhaotong 657000, ChinaZhaotong UniversityZhaotongChina
| | - Yu-Cheng Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yuan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
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Yuan Q, Zhao C. Morphology and multigene phylogeny revealed four new species of Xylodon (Schizoporaceae, Basidiomycota) from southern China. MycoKeys 2024; 107:161-187. [PMID: 39169988 PMCID: PMC11336394 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.107.128223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Fungi are one of the most diverse groups of organisms on Earth, amongst which wood-inhabiting fungi play a crucial role in ecosystem processes and functions. Four new wood-inhabiting fungi, Xylodoncremeoparinaceus, X.luteodontioides, X.poroides and X.wumengshanensis are proposed, based on morphological features and molecular evidence. Xylodoncremeoparinaceus is distinguished by a cream hymenial surface with a pruinose hymenophore, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae and ellipsoid basidiospores. Xylodonluteodontioides is characterised by flavescens hymenophore surface with odontioid hymenophore, monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae and ellipsoid basidiospores. Xylodonporoides bears coriaceous basidiomata with a poroid hymenophore surface, monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae and ellipsoid basidiospores. Xylodonwumengshanensis is a distinct taxon by its grandinoid hymenophore surface, monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae and ellipsoid basidiospores. Sequences of ITS and nLSU rRNA markers of the studied samples were generated and phylogenetic analyses were performed using the Maximum Likelihood, Maximum Parsimony, and Bayesian Inference methods. The phylogram, based on the ITS+nLSU rDNA gene regions, included three genera within the Schizoporaceae as Fasciodontia, Lyomyces and Xylodon. The four new species were grouped into the genus Xylodon. The topology, based on the ITS sequences, revealed that Xylodoncremeoparinaceus was grouped closely with X.pruinosus, X.detriticus and X.ussuriensis. The taxon X.luteodontioides was sister to X.nesporii. The species X.poroides separated from X.pseudotropicus, while X.wumengshanensis was grouped with four taxa: X.patagonicus, X.radula, X.subtropicus and X.taiwanianus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yuan
- The Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of In-forest Resource, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, ChinaSouthwest Forestry UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Changlin Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of In-forest Resource, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, ChinaSouthwest Forestry UniversityKunmingChina
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Yu WT, Wang X, Yin T, Tsui CKM, You CJ. Development and validation of a rapid loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for the detection of Chrysomyxa and characterization of Chrysomyxa woroninii overwintering on Picea in China. IMA Fungus 2024; 15:23. [PMID: 39113143 PMCID: PMC11304928 DOI: 10.1186/s43008-024-00157-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Chrysomyxa rusts cause significant damage to spruce in both natural forests and plantations. Particularly, Three Chrysomyxa species, Chrysomyxa deformans, Chrysomyxa qilianensis, and Chrysomyxa rhododendri, listed as National Forest Dangerous Pests in China, have severely affected many economically and ecologically important spruce native species in China. Also, Chrysomyxa arctostaphyli, an important plant quarantine fungus, causes a damaging broom rust disease on spruce. Therefore, rapid, and efficient detection tools are urgently needed for proper rust disease detection and management. In this study, a sensitive, genus-specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay targeting the ITS-28S rRNA region was developed to detect the presence of Chrysomyxa in spruce needle and bud samples. After optimization and validation, the LAMP assay was found to be sensitive to detect as low as 5.2 fg/µL DNA, making it suitable for rapid on-site testing for rust infection. The assay was also specific to Chrysomyxa species, with no positive signals from other rust genus/species. The application of LAMP in the early detection of rust infections in spruce needles and buds was investigated, and spatial colonization profiles as well as the means of overwintering of Chrysomyxa woroninii in infected buds and branches were verified using the LAMP assay. This LAMP detection method will facilitate further studies on the characteristics of the life cycle and inoculation of other systemic rusts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Ting Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Tan Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Clement Kin-Ming Tsui
- Infectious Disease Research Laboratory, National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Chong Juan You
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Tian WH, Jin Y, Liao YC, Faraj TK, Guo XY, Maharachchikumbura SSN. New and Interesting Pine-Associated Hyphomycetes from China. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:546. [PMID: 39194872 DOI: 10.3390/jof10080546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Pine trees play a crucial role in the forests of Sichuan Province, boasting rich species diversity and a lengthy evolutionary history. However, research and investigation on fungi associated with pine trees are insufficient. This study investigated the diversity of hyphomycetes fungi associated with pine trees in Sichuan Province, China. During the survey, we collected five specimens of hyphomycetes from branches and bark of species of Pinus. Five barcodes were selected for study and sequenced, including ITS, SSU, LSU, TEF1, and RPB2. Morphological examination and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses revealed three new species, viz. Catenulostroma pini sp. nov. within Teratosphaeriaceae, Kirschsteiniothelia longisporum sp. nov. within Kirschsteiniotheliaceae, Sporidesmiella sichuanensis sp. nov. within Junewangiaceae, and two known species, Paradictyoarthrinium diffractum and P. hydei within Paradictyoarthriniaceae, which are the new host records from Pinus species. Catenulostroma pini, distinguished from other species in the genus by its unique morphology, has three conidial morphologies: small terminal helicoconidia, scolecoconidia with many septa, and phragmoconidia conidia. Kirschsteiniothelia longisporum has longer spores when compared to the other species in the genus. According to phylogenetic analysis, Sporidesmiella sichuanensis formed an independent clade sister to S. aquatica and S. juncicola, distinguished by differences in conidial size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hui Tian
- Center for Informational Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Center for Informational Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Yue-Chi Liao
- Center for Informational Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Turki Kh Faraj
- Department of Soil Science, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 145111, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xin-Yong Guo
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Sajeewa S N Maharachchikumbura
- Center for Informational Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
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Tian WH, Jin Y, Liao YC, Faraj TK, Guo XY, Maharachchikumbura SSN. Phylogenetic Insights Reveal New Taxa in Thyridariaceae and Massarinaceae. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:542. [PMID: 39194868 DOI: 10.3390/jof10080542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Pleosporales is a highly diverse (and the largest) order in Dothideomycetes, and it is widespread in decaying plants in various environments around the world. During a survey of fungal diversity in Sichuan Province, China, specimens of hyphomycetous and Thyridaria-like fungi were collected from dead branches of pine trees and cherry trees. These taxa were initially identified as members of Massarinaceae and Thyridariaceae through morphological examination. Phylogenetic analyses of the Thyridariaceae, combining ITS, SSU, LSU, RPB2, and TEF1 sequence data, indicated a distinct clade sister to Pseudothyridariella and Thyridariella, distinct from any genus in the family. Thus, a new genus, Vaginospora, is proposed to accommodate the type species Vaginospora sichuanensis, which is characterized by semi-immersed globose to oblong ascomata with an ostiolar neck, cylindrical to clavate asci with an ocular chamber, and hyaline to dark brown, fusiform, 3-5-transversely septate ascospores with an inconspicuous mucilaginous sheath. Based on the morphological comparisons and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses (ITS, SSU, LSU, RPB2, and TEF1) of the Massarinaceae, we have identified three collections belonging to the genus Helminthosporium, leading us to propose H. filamentosa sp. nov., H. pini sp. nov., and H. velutinum as a new host record. According to Phylogenetic analysis, H. pini formed an independent clade sister to H. austriacum and H. yunnanense, and H. filamentosa represents the closest sister clade to H. quercinum. Helminthosporium pini is distinct from H. austriacum by the shorter conidiophores and H. yunnanense by the longer and wider conidia. The H. filamentosa differs from H. quercinum in having longer conidiophores and smaller conidia. This study extends our understanding of diversity within Thyridariaceae and Helminthosporium. Our findings underscore the rich biodiversity and potential for discovering novel fungal taxa within these groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hui Tian
- Center for Informational Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Center for Informational Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Yue-Chi Liao
- Center for Informational Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Turki Kh Faraj
- Department of Soil Science, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 145111, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xin-Yong Guo
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Sajeewa S N Maharachchikumbura
- Center for Informational Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
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Wei T, Wu Y, Zhang X, Zhang H, Crous P, Jiang Y. A comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Cephalotrichum and Microascus provides novel insights into their systematics and evolutionary history. PERSOONIA 2024; 52:119-160. [PMID: 39161634 PMCID: PMC11319840 DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2024.52.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
The genera Cephalotrichum and Microascus contain ecologically, morphologically and lifestyle diverse fungi in Microascaceae (Microascales, Sordariomycetes) with a world-wide distribution. Despite previous studies having elucidated that Cephalotrichum and Microascus are highly polyphyletic, the DNA phylogeny of many traditionally morphology-defined species is still poorly resolved, and a comprehensive taxonomic overview of the two genera is lacking. To resolve this issue, we integrate broad taxon sampling strategies and the most comprehensive multi-gene (ITS, LSU, tef1 and tub2) datasets to date, with fossil calibrations to address the phylogenetic relationships and divergence times among major lineages of Microascaceae. Two previously recognised main clades, Cephalotrichum (24 species) and Microascus (49 species), were re-affirmed based on our phylogenetic analyses, as well as the phylogenetic position of 15 genera within Microascaceae. In this study, we provide an up-to-date overview on the taxonomy and phylogeny of species belonging to Cephalotrichum and Microascus, as well as detailed descriptions and illustrations of 21 species of which eight are newly described. Furthermore, the divergence time estimates indicate that the crown age of Microascaceae was around 210.37 Mya (95 % HPD: 177.18-246.96 Mya) in the Late Triassic, and that Cephalotrichum and Microascus began to diversify approximately 27.07 Mya (95 % HPD: 20.47-34.37 Mya) and 70.46 Mya (95 % HPD: 56.96-86.24 Mya), respectively. Our results also demonstrate that multigene sequence data coupled with broad taxon sampling can help elucidate previously unresolved clade relationships. Citation: Wei TP, Wu YM, Zhang X, et al. 2024. A comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Cephalotrichum and Microascus provides novel insights into their systematics and evolutionary history. Persoonia 52: 119-160. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2024.52.05 .
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Affiliation(s)
- T.P. Wei
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Y.M. Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Taian, 271018, China
| | - X. Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
- Institute of Biotechnology, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550009, Guizhou Province, China
| | - H. Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
- Guizhou Academy of Testing and Analysis, Guiyang, 550014, Guizhou Province, China
| | - P.W. Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Y.L. Jiang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
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Majid M, Wani AH, Ganai BA. Evaluating the Biocontrol Efficacy and Antioxidant Potential of Phellinus caribaeo-quercicola-A First Report Dual-Action Endophyte From Inula racemosa Hook. F. J Basic Microbiol 2024; 64:e2400080. [PMID: 39031570 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202400080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Phellinus caribaeo-quercicola is a basidiomycetous fungus, isolated as an endophyte in this study from the healthy and symptomless leaves of Inula racemosa Hook. f., an important medicinal herb growing in Kashmir Himalaya. This study combines morphological, molecular and phylogenetic techniques to identify the fungal endophyte, using the ITS sequence of nrDNA. A detached leaf assay was conducted to assess the pathogenicity of the fungal endophyte suggesting its mutually symbiotic relationship with the host. The authors also investigated the antifungal potential of the isolated endophytic strain to ascertain its use as a biocontrol agent. The study shows that P. caribaeo-quercicola INL3-2 strain exhibits biocontrol activity against four key fungal phytopathogens that cause significant agronomic and economic losses: Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium solani, and Fusarium oxysporum. Notably, P. caribaeo-quercicola INL3-2 strain is highly effective against A. flavus, with an inhibition percentage of 57.63%. In addition, this study investigates the antioxidant activity of P. caribaeo-quercicola INL3-2 strain crude extracts using ethyl acetate and methanol as solvents. The results showed that the methanolic fraction of P. caribaeo-quercicola exhibits potential as an antioxidant agent, with an IC50 value of 171.90 ± 1.15 µg/mL. This investigation is first of its kind and marks the initial report of this fungal basidiomycete, P. caribaeo-quercicola, as an endophyte associated with a medicinal plant. The findings of this study highlight the potential of P. caribaeo-quercicola INL3-2 strain as a dual-action agent with both biocontrol and antioxidant properties consistent with the medicinal properties of Inula racemosa. This endophytic fungus could be a promising source of natural compounds for use in agriculture, medicine, and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misbah Majid
- Section of Plant Pathology, Mycology and Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Abdul H Wani
- Section of Plant Pathology, Mycology and Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Bashir A Ganai
- Center of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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43
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Liu S, Cai DY, Hui FL. Cyberlindnera qingyuanensis f.a., sp. nov., a yeast species isolated from rotting wood. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2024; 74. [PMID: 39207228 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Two yeast strains were isolated from rotting wood samples collected on Qingyuan Mountain, Fujian Province, PR China. Phylogenetic analysis, based on the concatenated sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit rRNA gene, revealed that these two strains represent a novel species of the genus Cyberlindnera. The proposed name for this new species is Cyberlindnera qingyuanensis f.a., sp. nov. (holotype: GDMCC 2.300; ex-type: PYCC 9925) although the formation of ascospores was not observed. The novel species differs from its close relative Cyberlindnera galapagoensis by 7.7% sequence divergence (37 substitutions and seven indels) in the D1/D2 domain and 9.7% sequence divergence (42 substitutions and 34 indels) in the ITS region, respectively. Additionally, Cyb. qingyuanensis differs from its close relative Cyb. galapagoensis by its ability to grow in cellobiose, l-rhamnose, ribitol, galactitol, and dl-lactate, its growth at 37 °C, and its inability to ferment raffinose. The Mycobank number is MB 854693.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liu
- School of Life Science, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, PR China
| | - Dan-Yang Cai
- School of Life Science, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, PR China
| | - Feng-Li Hui
- School of Life Science, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, PR China
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44
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Xu N, Zhang S, Zhang YJ. Complete mitochondrial genome of the edible mushroom Singerocybe alboinfundibuliformis (Clitocybaceae, Agaricales). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2024; 9:960-964. [PMID: 39091511 PMCID: PMC11293268 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2024.2385608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Singerocybe alboinfundibuliformis (Seok et al.) Yang, Qin & Takah 2014 is an edible mushroom distributed in several East or Southeast Asian countries. Herein, we report the mitochondrial genome of S. alboinfundibuliformis based on Illumina sequencing data. The overall length of the mitochondrial genome is 64,279 bp, with a GC content of 29.0%. It contains 14 typical protein-coding genes, 27 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and 13 intergenic ORFs. Most of these genes (39 out of 56) are transcribed at the forward strand, and few (17 out of 56) are transcribed at the reverse strand. Among these genes, only the rnl gene is invaded by an intron, and all other genes are intron-free. Phylogenetic analysis based on mitochondrial amino acid sequences supports the phylogenetic position of S. alboinfundibuliformis in Clitocybaceae, being close to Lepista sordida (Schumach.) Singer 1951. This study serves as a springboard for future investigation on fungal evolution in Clitocybaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuo Xu
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Jie Zhang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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45
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Abdala-Díaz RT, Casas-Arrojo V, Castro-Varela P, Riquelme C, Carrillo P, Medina MÁ, Cárdenas C, Becerra J, Pérez Manríquez C. Immunomodulatory, Antioxidant, and Potential Anticancer Activity of the Polysaccharides of the Fungus Fomitiporia chilensis. Molecules 2024; 29:3628. [PMID: 39125036 PMCID: PMC11314378 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Fomitiporia species have aroused the interest of numerous investigations that reveal their biological activity and medicinal potential. The present investigation shows the antioxidant, anticancer, and immunomodulatory activity of acidic polysaccharides obtained from the fungus Fomitiporia chilensis. The acidic polysaccharides were obtained for acidic precipitation with 2% O-N-cetylpyridinium bromide. Chemical analysis was performed using FT-IR and GC-MS methods. The antioxidant capacity of acidic polysaccharides from F. chilensis was evaluated by scavenging free radicals with an ABTS assay. Macrophage proliferation and cytokine production assays were used to determine the immunomodulatory capacity of the polysaccharides. Anti-tumor and cytotoxicity activity was evaluated with an MTT assay in the U-937, HTC-116, and HGF-1 cell lines. The effect of polysaccharides on the cell cycle of the HCT-116 cell line was determined for flow cytometry. Fourier Transform-infrared characterization revealed characteristic absorption peaks for polysaccharides, whereas the GC-MS analysis detected three peaks corresponding to D-galactose, galacturonic acid, and D-glucose. The secreted TNF-α concentration was increased when the cell was treated with 2 mg mL-1 polysaccharides, whereas the IL-6 concentration was increased with all of the evaluated polysaccharide concentrations. A cell cycle analysis of HTC-116 treated with polysaccharides evidenced that the acidic polysaccharides from F. chilensis induce an increase in the G0/G1 cell cycle phase, increasing the apoptotic cell percentage. Results from a proteomic analysis suggest that some of the molecular mechanisms involved in their antioxidant and cellular detoxifying effects and justify their traditional use in heart diseases. Proteomic data are available through ProteomeXchange under identifier PXD048361. The study on acidic polysaccharides from F. chilensis has unveiled their diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, anticancer, and immunomodulatory effects. These findings underscore the promising therapeutic applications of acidic polysaccharides from F. chilensis, warranting further pharmaceutical and medicinal research exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto T. Abdala-Díaz
- Department of Ecology and Geology, Institute of Blue Biotechnology and Development (IBYDA), Malaga University, E-29071 Malaga, Spain; (R.T.A.-D.); (V.C.-A.)
| | - Virginia Casas-Arrojo
- Department of Ecology and Geology, Institute of Blue Biotechnology and Development (IBYDA), Malaga University, E-29071 Malaga, Spain; (R.T.A.-D.); (V.C.-A.)
| | - Pablo Castro-Varela
- FICOLAB Microalgal Research Group, Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural and Oceanographic Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción PC 304000, Chile;
| | - Cristian Riquelme
- Mycology Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Isla Teja, PO 567, Valdivia PC 5049000, Chile;
| | - Paloma Carrillo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Andalucía Tech, E-29071 Málaga, Spain; (P.C.); (M.Á.M.); (C.C.)
- Malaga Biomedical Research Institute and Nanomedicine Platform (IBIMA PlataformaBIONAND), C/Severo Ochoa, 35, E-29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Medina
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Andalucía Tech, E-29071 Málaga, Spain; (P.C.); (M.Á.M.); (C.C.)
- Malaga Biomedical Research Institute and Nanomedicine Platform (IBIMA PlataformaBIONAND), C/Severo Ochoa, 35, E-29590 Málaga, Spain
- Network Biomedical Research Center for Rare Diseases (CIBERER), U741, E-28029 Málaga, Spain
| | - Casimiro Cárdenas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Andalucía Tech, E-29071 Málaga, Spain; (P.C.); (M.Á.M.); (C.C.)
- Research Support Central Services (SCAI) of the University of Málaga, E-29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - José Becerra
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural and Oceanographic Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción PC 304000, Chile;
- Technological Development Unit, University of Concepción, Concepción PC 304000, Chile
| | - Claudia Pérez Manríquez
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural and Oceanographic Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción PC 304000, Chile;
- Technological Development Unit, University of Concepción, Concepción PC 304000, Chile
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46
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Song WL, Yan SZ, Chen SL. Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal four species of myxomycetes new to China. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:364. [PMID: 39080072 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04083-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Four species of myxomycetes (Arcyria pseudodenudata, Diderma europaeum, Lycogala irregulare, and Trichia armillata) new to China were observed via light microscope and scanning electron microscope, and detailed descriptions and illustrations are provided, along with comparisons with related species. Among them, A. pseudodenudata was discovered for the first time outside of the type locality, D. europaeum was discovered for the first time outside of Europe, and L. irregulare and T. armillata were reported again after being named. Phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear 18S rDNA and elongation factor-1 alpha sequences or nuclear 18S rDNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit I sequences was performed to provide a molecular basis for morphological identification. These specimens were deposited in the Herbarium of Fungi of Nanjing Normal University.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Long Song
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shu-Zhen Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shuang-Lin Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China.
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47
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Qu Q, Zhang S, Zhang YJ. Complete mitochondrial genome of the bird's nest fungus Nidula shingbaensis (Nidulariaceae, Agaricales). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2024; 9:954-959. [PMID: 39091513 PMCID: PMC11290291 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2024.2385595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Bird's nest fungi involve six different genera, but only one of these genera (i.e. Cyathus) have available mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) to date. In this study, we report the first mitogenome in the genus Nidula with Nidula shingbaensis K. Das & R.L. Zhao 2013 as a representative. The mitogenome is a circular molecule of 65,793 bp with a GC content of 26.2%. There are a total of 43 genes, including 14 typical protein-coding genes, 26 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and one free-standing intergenic open reading frame (ORF). Three introns (two in cox1 and one in cob) are present in the mitogenome, with each containing an ORF encoding for a LAGLIDADG endonuclease. Phylogenetic analysis based on mitochondrial amino acid sequences confirms the phylogenetic placement of N. shingbaensis in Nidulariaceae in Agaricales. This study serves as a springboard for future investigation on fungal evolution in Nidulariaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Qu
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Jie Zhang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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48
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Cao W, Yu C, Zhao Y, Lin Q, Deng C, Li C. Biological Characteristics, Artificial Domestication Conditions Optimization, and Bioactive Components of Beauveria caledonica. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1554. [PMID: 39203396 PMCID: PMC11356643 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12081554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, one strain of Beauveria caledonica was isolated from wild fruiting bodies collected from Guizhou Province, China, and its species identification, biological characteristics, domestication, and cultivation methods were studied along with polysaccharide and adenosine content analysis. The mycelia were identified by ITS sequencing, and the fruiting bodies of B. caledonica were domestically cultivated for the first time using wheat and rice as basic cultivation media. The carbon sources, nitrogen sources, cultivation temperatures, and pH for mycelial growth were optimized through single-factor experiments and response surface methodology (RSM) experiments. The polysaccharide content was detected by the phenol-sulfuric acid method, and the adenosine content was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results confirmed that the identified mycelia were B. caledonica. The optimum medium for solid culture was 25.8 g/L glycerol, 10.9 g/L yeast extract, 1 g/L MgSO4·7H2O, 1 g/L KH2PO4, 10 mg/L vitamin B1, and 20 g/L agar; the optimum pH was 6.5, and the optimum culture temperature was 25 °C. The optimal liquid culture medium was 26.2 g/L glycerol, 11.1 g/L yeast extract, 1 g/L MgSO4·7H2O, 1 g/L KH2PO4, and 10 mg/L vitamin B1; the mycelia grew well at pH 6.6 and 25 °C. The average biological efficiencies of fruiting bodies on wheat and rice as culture media were 1.880% and 2.115%, respectively; the polysaccharide contents of fruiting bodies on the two media were 6.635% and 9.264%, respectively, while the adenosine contents were 0.145% and 0.150%, respectively. This study provides a valuable reference for further artificial cultivation and utilization of B. caledonica by investigating its biological characteristics, cultivation conditions for artificial domestication, and polysaccharide and adenosine contents in cultivated fruiting bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Cao
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (W.C.); (C.Y.)
| | - Changxia Yu
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (W.C.); (C.Y.)
| | - Yan Zhao
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (W.C.); (C.Y.)
| | - Qunying Lin
- Nanjing Institute for Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plants, China Co-ops, Nanjing 210110, China;
| | - Chunying Deng
- Guizhou Institute of Biology, Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550001, China;
| | - Chuanhua Li
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (W.C.); (C.Y.)
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Wang WP, Bhat DJ, Yang L, Shen HW, Luo ZL. New Species and Records of Pleurotheciaceae from Karst Landscapes in Yunnan Province, China. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:516. [PMID: 39194842 DOI: 10.3390/jof10080516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Pleurotheciaceae is a genera-rich and highly diverse family of fungi with a worldwide distribution in aquatic and terrestrial habitats. During the investigation of lignicolous freshwater fungi from karst landscapes in Yunnan Province, China, 15 fresh strains were obtained from submerged decaying wood. Based on the morphology and phylogenetic analysis of a combined LSU, ITS, SSU, and rpb2 sequence dataset, Obliquifusoideum triseptatum, Phaeoisaria obovata, Pleurotheciella brachyspora, Pl. longidenticulata, and Pl. obliqua were introduced as new species, P. synnematica and Rhexoacrodictys melanospora were reported as new habitat records, and P. sedimenticola and Pl. hyalospora were reported as new collections. In addition, based on morphological comparisons and phylogenetic analysis, we accepted Obliquifusoideum into in the family Pleurotheciaceae (Pleurotheciales, Savoryellomycetidae). Freshwater habitats are the primary habitats of Pleurotheciaceae species, and Yunnan Province has the highest concentration and species diversity of Pleurotheciaceae in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Peng Wang
- College of Agriculture and Biological Science, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
| | - Darbhe J Bhat
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lin Yang
- College of Agriculture and Biological Science, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
| | - Hong-Wei Shen
- College of Agriculture and Biological Science, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Zong-Long Luo
- College of Agriculture and Biological Science, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
- Cangshan Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Yunnan Province, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
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50
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Umar A, Yuan W, Lu J, Ameen F. Fungal-plant interaction: a pathogenic relationship between Ganoderma segmentatum sp. nov. and Vachellia nilotica. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1411264. [PMID: 39113836 PMCID: PMC11303310 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1411264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The diversity of Ganoderma remains largely unexplored, with little information available due to fungiphobia and the morphological plasticity of the genus. To address this gap, an ongoing study aims to collect and identify species with this genus using nuclear ribosomal DNA regions called the "Internal Transcribed Spacer" (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 = ITS). In this study, a new species, Ganoderma segmentatum sp. nov., was discovered on the dead tree trunk of the medicinal plant, Vachellia nilotica. The species was identified through a combination of morpho-anatomical characteristics and phylogenetic analyses. This new species was closely related to Ganoderma multipileum, G. mizoramense, and G. steyaertanum, with a 99% bootstrap value, forming a distinct branch in the phylogenetic tree. Morphologically, G. segmentatum can be distinguished by its frill-like appearance on the margin of basidiome. Wilt or basal stem rot, a serious disease of trees caused by Ganoderma species and V. nilotica, is brutally affected by this disease, resulting in substantial losses in health and productivity. This Ganoderma species severely damages V. nilotica through deep mycelial penetration in the upper and basal stems of the host species. Pathogenic observational descriptions of G. segmentatum on dead tree trunks showed the exudation of viscous reddish-brown fluid from the basal stem portion, which gradually extended upward. Symptoms of this disease include decay, stem discoloration, leaf drooping, and eventual death, which severely damaged the medicinal tree of V. nilotica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Umar
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Adaptations, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Wanlan Yuan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Adaptations, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junxing Lu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Adaptations, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fuad Ameen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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