451
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Kleiman M, Ryu KA, Esser-Kahn AP. Determination of Factors Influencing the Wet Etching of Polydimethylsiloxane Using Tetra-n-butylammonium Fluoride. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maya Kleiman
- Chemistry Department; Natural Sciences II; Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Keun Ah Ryu
- Chemistry Department; Natural Sciences II; Irvine CA 92697 USA
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452
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Pan L, Zhao J, Huang Y, Zhao S, Liu YM. Aptamer-based microchip electrophoresis assays for amplification detection of carcinoembryonic antigen. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 450:304-9. [PMID: 26344338 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as one of the most widely used tumor markers is used in the clinical diagnosis of colorectal, pancreatic, gastric, and cervical carcinomas. We developed an aptamer-based microchip electrophoresis assay technique for assaying CEA in human serum for cancer diagnosis. METHODS The magnetic beads (MBs) are employed as carriers of double strand DNA that is formed by an aptamer of the target and a complementary DNA of the aptamer. After the aptamer in the MB-dsDNA conjugate binds with the target, the complementary DNA was released from the MB-dsDNA conjugate. The released complementary DNA hybridizes with a fluorescein amidite (FAM) labeled DNA, and forms a DNA duplex, which triggers the selective cleavage of FAM labeled DNA by nicking endonuclease Nb.BbvCI, and generating a FAM labeled DNA segment. The released complementary DNA hybridizes with another FAM labeled DNA, resulting in a continuous cleavage of FAM labeled DNA, and the generation of large numbers of FAM labeled DNA segments. In MCE laser induced fluorescence detection (LIF), the FAM labeled DNA segment is separated and detected. RESULTS The linear range for CEA was 130 pg/ml-8.0 ng/ml with a correlation coefficient of 0.9916 and a detection limit of 68 pg/ml. The CEA concentration in the serum samples from healthy subjects was found to be in the range 1.3 ng/ml to 3.2 ng/ml. The CEA concentration in the samples from cancer patients was found to be >15 ng/ml. CONCLUSIONS This method may become a useful tool for rapid analysis of CEA and other tumor markers in biomedical analysis and clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Pan
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch St., Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Jingjin Zhao
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Shulin Zhao
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Yi-Ming Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch St., Jackson, MS 39217, USA.
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453
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Saggiomo V, Velders AH. Simple 3D Printed Scaffold-Removal Method for the Fabrication of Intricate Microfluidic Devices. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2015; 2:1500125. [PMID: 27709002 PMCID: PMC5034835 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201500125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
An easy and cheap fabrication method for intricate polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic devices is presented. The acrylonitrile butadiene styrene scaffold-removal method uses cheap, off-the-shelf materials and equipment for the fabrication of intricate microfluidic devices. The versatility of the method is proven by the fabrication of 3D multilayer, ship-in-a-bottle, selective heating, sensing, and NMR microfluidic devices. The methodology is coined ESCARGOT: Embedded SCAffold RemovinG Open Technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Saggiomo
- Laboratory of BioNanoTechnology Wageningen University PO Box 8038 6700 EK Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Aldrik H Velders
- Laboratory of BioNanoTechnology Wageningen University PO Box 8038 6700 EK Wageningen The Netherlands; Instituto Regional de Investigacion Cientifica Aplicada (IRICA) Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha 13071 Ciudad Real Spain
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454
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Lima RS, Leão PAGC, Piazzetta MHO, Monteiro AM, Shiroma LY, Gobbi AL, Carrilho E. Sacrificial adhesive bonding: a powerful method for fabrication of glass microchips. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13276. [PMID: 26293346 PMCID: PMC4543966 DOI: 10.1038/srep13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A new protocol for fabrication of glass microchips is addressed in this research paper. Initially, the method involves the use of an uncured SU-8 intermediate to seal two glass slides irreversibly as in conventional adhesive bonding-based approaches. Subsequently, an additional step removes the adhesive layer from the channels. This step relies on a selective development to remove the SU-8 only inside the microchannel, generating glass-like surface properties as demonstrated by specific tests. Named sacrificial adhesive layer (SAB), the protocol meets the requirements of an ideal microfabrication technique such as throughput, relatively low cost, feasibility for ultra large-scale integration (ULSI), and high adhesion strength, supporting pressures on the order of 5 MPa. Furthermore, SAB eliminates the use of high temperature, pressure, or potential, enabling the deposition of thin films for electrical or electrochemical experiments. Finally, the SAB protocol is an improvement on SU-8-based bondings described in the literature. Aspects such as substrate/resist adherence, formation of bubbles, and thermal stress were effectively solved by using simple and inexpensive alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato S Lima
- Laboratório de Microfabricação, Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil.,Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Paulo A G C Leão
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo 13566-590, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Bioanalítica, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Maria H O Piazzetta
- Laboratório de Microfabricação, Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Alessandra M Monteiro
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo 13566-590, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Bioanalítica, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Leandro Y Shiroma
- Laboratório de Microfabricação, Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil.,Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Angelo L Gobbi
- Laboratório de Microfabricação, Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Emanuel Carrilho
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo 13566-590, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Bioanalítica, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
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455
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Leng Y, Sun K, Chen X, Li W. Suspension arrays based on nanoparticle-encoded microspheres for high-throughput multiplexed detection. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:5552-95. [PMID: 26021602 PMCID: PMC5223091 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00382a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Spectrometrically or optically encoded microsphere based suspension array technology (SAT) is applicable to the high-throughput, simultaneous detection of multiple analytes within a small, single sample volume. Thanks to the rapid development of nanotechnology, tremendous progress has been made in the multiplexed detecting capability, sensitivity, and photostability of suspension arrays. In this review, we first focus on the current stock of nanoparticle-based barcodes as well as the manufacturing technologies required for their production. We then move on to discuss all existing barcode-based bioanalysis patterns, including the various labels used in suspension arrays, label-free platforms, signal amplification methods, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based platforms. We then introduce automatic platforms for suspension arrays that use superparamagnetic nanoparticle-based microspheres. Finally, we summarize the current challenges and their proposed solutions, which are centered on improving encoding capacities, alternative probe possibilities, nonspecificity suppression, directional immobilization, and "point of care" platforms. Throughout this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive guide for the design of suspension arrays, with the goal of improving their performance in areas such as multiplexing capacity, throughput, sensitivity, and cost effectiveness. We hope that our summary on the state-of-the-art development of these arrays, our commentary on future challenges, and some proposed avenues for further advances will help drive the development of suspension array technology and its related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuankui Leng
- The State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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456
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Wang X, Zhu C, Wu Y, Fu T, Ma Y. Dynamics of bubble breakup with partly obstruction in a microfluidic T-junction. Chem Eng Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2015.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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457
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Saylor RA, Reid EA, Lunte SM. Microchip electrophoresis with electrochemical detection for the determination of analytes in the dopamine metabolic pathway. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:1912-9. [PMID: 25958983 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A method for the separation and detection of analytes in the dopamine metabolic pathway was developed using microchip electrophoresis with electrochemical detection. The microchip consisted of a 5 cm PDMS separation channel in a simple-t configuration. Analytes in the dopamine metabolic pathway were separated using a background electrolyte composed of 15 mM phosphate at pH 7.4, 15 mM SDS, and 2.5 mM boric acid. Two different microchip substrates using different electrode materials were compared for the analysis: a PDMS/PDMS device with a carbon fiber electrode and a PDMS/glass hybrid device with a pyrolyzed photoresist film carbon electrode. While the PDMS/PDMS device generated high separation efficiencies and good resolution, more reproducible migration times were obtained with the PDMS/glass hybrid device, making it a better choice for biological applications. Lastly, the optimized method was used to monitor l-DOPA metabolism in a rat brain slice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Saylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.,Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Erin A Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.,Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Susan M Lunte
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.,Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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458
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Eskandarloo H, Badiei A, Behnajady MA, Ziarani GM. UV-LEDs assisted preparation of silver deposited TiO2 catalyst bed inside microchannels as a high efficiency microphotoreactor for cleaning polluted water. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL 2015; 270:158-167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2015.01.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
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459
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Sabhachandani P, Cohen N, Sarkar S, Konry T. Microsphere-based immunoassay integrated with a microfluidic network to perform logic operations. Mikrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-015-1518-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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460
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Wang G, He Z, Shi G, Wang H, Zhang Q, Li Y. Controllable construction of Titanium dioxide-Zirconium dioxide@Zinc hydroxyfluoride networks in micro-capillaries for bio-analysis. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 446:290-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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461
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Karsten SL, Tarhan MC, Kudo LC, Collard D, Fujita H. Point-of-care (POC) devices by means of advanced MEMS. Talanta 2015; 145:55-9. [PMID: 26459443 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) have become an invaluable technology to advance the development of point-of-care (POC) devices for diagnostics and sample analyses. MEMS can transform sophisticated methods into compact and cost-effective microdevices that offer numerous advantages at many levels. Such devices include microchannels, microsensors, etc., that have been applied to various miniaturized POC products. Here we discuss some of the recent advances made in the use of MEMS devices for POC applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav L Karsten
- NeuroInDx, Inc., E. 28th Street, Signal Hill, CA 90755, USA; Center for International Research on MicroMechatronics, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan.
| | - Mehmet C Tarhan
- Center for International Research on MicroMechatronics, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan; LIMMS/CNRS-IIS (UMI 2820), The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Lili C Kudo
- NeuroInDx, Inc., E. 28th Street, Signal Hill, CA 90755, USA
| | - Dominique Collard
- Center for International Research on MicroMechatronics, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan; LIMMS/CNRS-IIS (UMI 2820), The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Fujita
- Center for International Research on MicroMechatronics, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
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462
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Du F, Guo L, Qin Q, Zheng X, Ruan G, Li J, Li G. Recent advances in aptamer-functionalized materials in sample preparation. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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463
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Lee KG, Shin S, Kim BI, Bae NH, Lee MK, Lee SJ, Lee TJ. Ultrasonic bonding method for heterogeneous microstructures using self-balancing jig. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:1412-1416. [PMID: 25648348 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc01473a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Perfect sealing of heterogeneous microstructures in plastic-based microfluidic devices is a significant and urgent challenge to be able to apply them in various microfluidic-based applications, including biosensing, biofiltering, chemical reactors and lab-on-a-chip. In this study we report a simple but practical and effective method to bond a microstructure-incorporated microfluidic device using an ultrasonic bonding method. The specially designed hemisphere-shaped jig, which is called a self-balancing jig, provides a free motion in all x, y, and z directions. These unique properties of the jig allow us to precisely adjust and bond the heterogeneous microstructures in the device. A conventional jig shows in solution leakages around the heterogeneous microstructures while the self-balancing jig did not show any leakages in devices. Furthermore, the bonding performance was also confirmed by using a black ink and fluorescent dye solution. The micro-pillar arrays in the device also demonstrated its capability for selective filtering of microbeads. We believe that this technique would be a useful tool for producing microfluidic devices with heterogeneous microstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung G Lee
- Department of Nano Bio Research, National Nanofab Center, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea.
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464
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Pagaduan JV, Ramsden M, O'Neill K, Woolley AT. Microchip immunoaffinity electrophoresis of antibody-thymidine kinase 1 complex. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:813-7. [PMID: 25486911 PMCID: PMC4346389 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) is an important cancer biomarker whose serum levels are elevated in early cancer development. We developed a microchip electrophoresis immunoaffinity assay to measure recombinant purified TK1 (pTK1) using an antibody (Ab) that binds to human TK1. We fabricated PMMA microfluidic devices to test the feasibility of detecting Ab-pTK1 immune complexes as a step toward TK1 analysis in clinical serum samples. We were able to separate immune complexes from unbound Abs using 0.5× PBS (pH 7.4) containing 0.01% Tween-20, with 1% w/v methylcellulose that acts as a dynamic surface coating and sieving matrix. Separation of the Ab and Ab-pTK1 complex was observed within a 5 mm effective separation length. This method of detecting pTK1 is easy to perform, requires only a 10 μL sample volume, and takes just 1 min for separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayson V Pagaduan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
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465
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Qin Y, Yeh P, Hao X, Cao X. Developing an ultra non-fouling SU-8 and PDMS hybrid microfluidic device by poly(amidoamine) engraftment. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 127:247-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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466
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Eskandarloo H, Badiei A. Fabrication of an inexpensive and high efficiency microphotoreactor using CO2 laser technique for photocatalytic water treatment applications. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 36:1063-1073. [PMID: 25295722 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2014.974681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a micro-photoreactor with catalyst-immobilized micro-channels was designed and fabricated using CO2 laser as a simple and inexpensive technique. The micro-photoreactor is composed of an array of micro-channels, a quartz plate, and an array of UV-LEDs. The micro-channels with the dimension of 400 µm width, 50 µm depth, and 80 cm length were inscribed on a flat plate of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The illuminated specific surface area for the designed micro-reactor was calculated to be 25000 m(-1). To examine the performance of miniaturized photoreactor, the photocatalytic degradation of 4-Nitrophenol as a refractory pollutant was investigated. The effects of operational variables on the performance of micro-photoreactor were studied. Higher photocatalytic degradation is obtained for low flow rates, high light intensities, long micro-channels lengths, and low inlet concentrations. Also, the performance of micro-photoreactor was examined in the presence of different types of TiO2 catalysts with an average particle size between 5 and 27 nm (such as P25, PC500, Merck, and UV100) and textile dyes with different chemical structures (such as Acid Orange 7, Acid Violet 19, Basic Red 46, Methyl Orange, and Malachite Green). Finally, the reusability of miniaturized photoreactor was evaluated and the results showed satisfactory stability and reusability for the designed micro-reactor in the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Eskandarloo
- a School of Chemistry, College of Science , University of Tehran , Tehran , Iran
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467
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Commercialization of microfluidic devices. Trends Biotechnol 2015; 32:347-50. [PMID: 24954000 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices offer automation and high-throughput screening, and operate at low volumes of consumables. Although microfluidics has the potential to reduce turnaround times and costs for analytical devices, particularly in medical, veterinary, and environmental sciences, this enabling technology has had limited diffusion into consumer products. This article analyzes the microfluidics market, identifies issues, and highlights successful commercialization strategies. Addressing niche markets and establishing compatibility with existing workflows will accelerate market penetration.
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468
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Rambarran T, Gonzaga F, Brook MA, Lasowski F, Sheardown H. Amphiphilic thermoset elastomers from metal-free, click crosslinking of PEG-grafted silicone surfactants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Talena Rambarran
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; McMaster University; 1280 Main Str. W. Hamilton ON Canada L8S 4M1
| | - Ferdinand Gonzaga
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; McMaster University; 1280 Main Str. W. Hamilton ON Canada L8S 4M1
| | - Michael A. Brook
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; McMaster University; 1280 Main Str. W. Hamilton ON Canada L8S 4M1
| | - Frances Lasowski
- Department of Chemical Engineering; McMaster University; 1280 Main Str. W. Hamilton ON Canada L8S 4M1
| | - Heather Sheardown
- Department of Chemical Engineering; McMaster University; 1280 Main Str. W. Hamilton ON Canada L8S 4M1
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469
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Coulm J, Léonard D, Desroches C, Bessueille F. Formation and use of palladium(II)–thiol complexes at the surface of PDMS stamps for the fabrication of high resolution and high density metal patterns using soft-lithography techniques. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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470
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Saha A, Jana NR. Paper-based microfluidic approach for surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy and highly reproducible detection of proteins beyond picomolar concentration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:996-1003. [PMID: 25521159 DOI: 10.1021/am508123x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Although microfluidic approach is widely used in various point of care diagnostics, its implementation in surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based detection is challenging. This is because SERS signal depends on plasmonic nanoparticle aggregation induced generation of stable electromagnetic hot spots and in currently available microfluidic platform this condition is difficult to adapt. Here we show that SERS can be adapted using simple paper based microfluidic system where both the plasmonic nanomaterials and analyte are used in mobile phase. This approach allows analyte induced controlled particle aggregation and electromagnetic hot spot generation inside the microfluidic channel with the resultant SERS signal, which is highly reproducible and sensitive. This approach has been used for reproducible detection of protein in the pico to femtomolar concentration. Presented approach is simple, rapid, and cost-effective, and requires low sample volume. Method can be extended for SERS-based detection of other biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Saha
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Kolkata 700032, India
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471
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Saylor RA, Lunte SM. A review of microdialysis coupled to microchip electrophoresis for monitoring biological events. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1382:48-64. [PMID: 25637011 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.12.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Microdialysis is a powerful sampling technique that enables monitoring of dynamic processes in vitro and in vivo. The combination of microdialysis with chromatographic or electrophoretic methods with selective detection yields a "separation-based sensor" capable of monitoring multiple analytes in near real time. For monitoring biological events, analysis of microdialysis samples often requires techniques that are fast (<1 min), have low volume requirements (nL-pL), and, ideally, can be employed on-line. Microchip electrophoresis fulfills these requirements and also permits the possibility of integrating sample preparation and manipulation with detection strategies directly on-chip. Microdialysis coupled to microchip electrophoresis has been employed for monitoring biological events in vivo and in vitro. This review discusses technical considerations for coupling microdialysis sampling and microchip electrophoresis, including various interface designs, and current applications in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Saylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA.
| | - Susan M Lunte
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA; Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA.
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472
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Lasave LC, Borisov SM, Ehgartner J, Mayr T. Quick and simple integration of optical oxygen sensors into glass-based microfluidic devices. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15591f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel simple and inexpensive technique for integration of optical oxygen sensors into microfluidic channels made of glass. The channels are coated with conjugated polymeric nanoparticles containing a covalently grafted oxygen indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana C. Lasave
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry
- Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Sergey M. Borisov
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry
- Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Josef Ehgartner
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry
- Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Torsten Mayr
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry
- Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
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473
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Tian Q, Yu B, Mu Y, Xu Y, Ma C, Zhang T, Jin W, Jin Q. An integrated temporary negative pressure assisted microfluidic chip for DNA isolation and digital PCR detection. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra18166f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An integrated DNA purification and digital PCR (dPCR) detection microfluidic chip was developed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchang Tian
- Research Center for Analytical Instrumentation
- Institute of Cyber Systems and Control
- State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
| | - Baodong Yu
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Ying Mu
- Research Center for Analytical Instrumentation
- Institute of Cyber Systems and Control
- State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
| | - Yanan Xu
- Research Center for Analytical Instrumentation
- Institute of Cyber Systems and Control
- State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
| | - Congcong Ma
- Research Center for Analytical Instrumentation
- Institute of Cyber Systems and Control
- State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
| | - Tao Zhang
- Research Center for Analytical Instrumentation
- Institute of Cyber Systems and Control
- State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
| | - Wei Jin
- Research Center for Analytical Instrumentation
- Institute of Cyber Systems and Control
- State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
| | - Qinhan Jin
- Research Center for Analytical Instrumentation
- Institute of Cyber Systems and Control
- State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
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474
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Yu H, Chong ZZ, Tor SB, Liu E, Loh NH. Low temperature and deformation-free bonding of PMMA microfluidic devices with stable hydrophilicity via oxygen plasma treatment and PVA coating. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra12771d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A deformation-free bonding method with stable hydrophilicity in PMMA devices has been proposed through oxygen plasma treatment and PVA coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Yu
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Z. Z. Chong
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - S. B. Tor
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
- Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA)
- Singapore 637460
| | - E. Liu
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - N. H. Loh
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
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475
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Cao X, Li W, Ma T, Dong H. One-step fabrication of polymeric hybrid particles with core–shell, patchy, patchy Janus and Janus architectures via a microfluidic-assisted phase separation process. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra16504k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report in this paper a one-step route for the preparation of core–shell, patchy, patchy Janus and Janus particles via a microfluidic-assisted phase separation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Cao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Wenxiu Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Ting Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Hua Dong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
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476
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Ho CMB, Ng SH, Li KHH, Yoon YJ. 3D printed microfluidics for biological applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:3627-37. [PMID: 26237523 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00685f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The term "Lab-on-a-Chip," is synonymous with describing microfluidic devices with biomedical applications. Even though microfluidics have been developing rapidly over the past decade, the uptake rate in biological research has been slow. This could be due to the tedious process of fabricating a chip and the absence of a "killer application" that would outperform existing traditional methods. In recent years, three dimensional (3D) printing has been drawing much interest from the research community. It has the ability to make complex structures with high resolution. Moreover, the fast building time and ease of learning has simplified the fabrication process of microfluidic devices to a single step. This could possibly aid the field of microfluidics in finding its "killer application" that will lead to its acceptance by researchers, especially in the biomedical field. In this paper, a review is carried out of how 3D printing helps to improve the fabrication of microfluidic devices, the 3D printing technologies currently used for fabrication and the future of 3D printing in the field of microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Meng Benjamin Ho
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore (639798).
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477
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Zhang J, Zhong J, Li W, Wang M, Liu B, Li Z, Yan Y. Molecular insight into the dynamical adsorption behavior of nanoscale water droplets on a heterogeneous surface. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra09296e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A heterogeneous surface is constructed by adding one hydrophilic patch at the center of a hydrophobic surface, and the dynamical adsorption process of nanoscale water droplets is investigated adopting molecular dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- College of Science
- China University of Petroleum
- 266580 Qingdao
- People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of New Energy Physics & Materials Science in Universities of Shandong
| | - Jie Zhong
- College of Science
- China University of Petroleum
- 266580 Qingdao
- People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of New Energy Physics & Materials Science in Universities of Shandong
| | - Wen Li
- College of Science
- China University of Petroleum
- 266580 Qingdao
- People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of New Energy Physics & Materials Science in Universities of Shandong
| | - Muhan Wang
- College of Science
- China University of Petroleum
- 266580 Qingdao
- People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of New Energy Physics & Materials Science in Universities of Shandong
| | - Bing Liu
- College of Science
- China University of Petroleum
- 266580 Qingdao
- People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of New Energy Physics & Materials Science in Universities of Shandong
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Science
- China University of Petroleum
- 266580 Qingdao
- People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of New Energy Physics & Materials Science in Universities of Shandong
| | - Youguo Yan
- College of Science
- China University of Petroleum
- 266580 Qingdao
- People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of New Energy Physics & Materials Science in Universities of Shandong
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478
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Application of curcumin nanoparticles in a lab-on-paper device as a simple and green pH probe. Talanta 2015; 131:136-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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479
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Rogers CI, Qaderi K, Woolley AT, Nordin GP. 3D printed microfluidic devices with integrated valves. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2015; 9:016501. [PMID: 25610517 PMCID: PMC4297278 DOI: 10.1063/1.4905840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We report the successful fabrication and testing of 3D printed microfluidic devices with integrated membrane-based valves. Fabrication is performed with a low-cost commercially available stereolithographic 3D printer. Horizontal microfluidic channels with designed rectangular cross sectional dimensions as small as 350 μm wide and 250 μm tall are printed with 100% yield, as are cylindrical vertical microfluidic channels with 350 μm designed (210 μm actual) diameters. Based on our previous work [Rogers et al., Anal. Chem. 83, 6418 (2011)], we use a custom resin formulation tailored for low non-specific protein adsorption. Valves are fabricated with a membrane consisting of a single build layer. The fluid pressure required to open a closed valve is the same as the control pressure holding the valve closed. 3D printed valves are successfully demonstrated for up to 800 actuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad I Rogers
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Kamran Qaderi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Adam T Woolley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Gregory P Nordin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah 84602, USA
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480
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Ran G, Fu Q, Xu W. Microfluidic-based controllable synthesis of Pt nanocatalysts supported on carbon for fuel cells. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra12145g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple custom-made microfluidic reactor is used to synthesize Pt nanoparticles supported on carbon continuously as electrocatalysts for fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjun Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Chemical Power
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Changchun 130022
| | - Qiang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Chemical Power
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Changchun 130022
| | - Weilin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Chemical Power
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Changchun 130022
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481
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Perréard C, Ladner Y, d'Orlyé F, Descroix S, Taniga V, Varenne A, Kanoufi F, Slim C, Griveau S, Bedioui F. Electrochemically assisted micro localized grafting of aptamers in a microchannel engraved in fluorinated thermoplastic polymer Dyneon THV. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14413a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrochemically assisted localized grafting of an aptamer in a microchannel engraved in fluorinated thermoplastic polymer Dyneon THV.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Perréard
- PSL Research University
- Chimie ParisTech
- Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé
- Paris
- France
| | - Y. Ladner
- PSL Research University
- Chimie ParisTech
- Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé
- Paris
- France
| | - F. d'Orlyé
- PSL Research University
- Chimie ParisTech
- Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé
- Paris
- France
| | - S. Descroix
- PSL Research University
- Institut Curie
- Physico-Chimie Curie
- UMR 168
- CNRS 16
| | - V. Taniga
- PSL Research University
- Institut Curie
- Physico-Chimie Curie
- UMR 168
- CNRS 16
| | - A. Varenne
- PSL Research University
- Chimie ParisTech
- Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé
- Paris
- France
| | | | - C. Slim
- PSL Research University
- Chimie ParisTech
- Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé
- Paris
- France
| | - S. Griveau
- PSL Research University
- Chimie ParisTech
- Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé
- Paris
- France
| | - F. Bedioui
- PSL Research University
- Chimie ParisTech
- Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé
- Paris
- France
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482
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Zhang W, Lu X, Xin Z, Zhou C, Liu J. Fluorine-free superhydrophobic/hydrophobic polybenzoxazine/TiO2 films with excellent thermal stability and reversible wettability. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra06410d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A thermally stable superhydrophobic film with strong adhesion to glass substrates and reversibly switchable behavior was prepared from polybenzoxazine and TiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Structural Materials Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Xin Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Structural Materials Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Zhong Xin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Structural Materials Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Changlu Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Structural Materials Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Juan Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Structural Materials Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
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483
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Li W, Dong H, Tang G, Ma T, Cao X. Controllable microfluidic fabrication of Janus and microcapsule particles for drug delivery applications. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra17153e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Janus and microcapsule particles are very attractive for drug delivery applications due to their capability of targeted and/or programmed drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Hua Dong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Guannan Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Ting Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Xiaodong Cao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
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484
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Microfluidic platform towards point-of-care diagnostics in infectious diseases. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1377:13-26. [PMID: 25544727 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and timely diagnosis of infectious diseases is a critical determinant of clinical outcomes and general public health. For the detection of various pathogens, microfluidics-based platforms offer many advantages, including speed, cost, portability, high throughput, and automation. This review provides an overview of the recent advances in microfluidic technologies for point-of-care (POC) diagnostics for infectious diseases. The key aspects of such technologies for the development of a fully integrated POC platform are introduced, including sample preparation, on-chip nucleic acid analysis and immunoassay, and system integration/automation. The current challenges to practical implementation of this technology are discussed together with future perspectives.
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485
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Present state of microchip electrophoresis: state of the art and routine applications. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1382:66-85. [PMID: 25529267 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Microchip electrophoresis (MCE) was one of the earliest applications of the micro-total analysis system (μ-TAS) concept, whose aim is to reduce analysis time and reagent and sample consumption while increasing throughput and portability by miniaturizing analytical laboratory procedures onto a microfluidic chip. More than two decades on, electrophoresis remains the most common separation technique used in microfluidic applications. MCE-based instruments have had some commercial success and have found application in many disciplines. This review will consider the present state of MCE including recent advances in technology and both novel and routine applications in the laboratory. We will also attempt to assess the impact of MCE in the scientific community and its prospects for the future.
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486
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Focaroli S, Mazzitelli S, Falconi M, Luca G, Nastruzzi C. Preparation and validation of low cost microfluidic chips using a shrinking approach. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:4007-16. [PMID: 25144915 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00679h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The present paper describes the production of microfluidic chips using an approach based on shrinkable biocompatible polymers (i.e. agarose) for the production of size controlled microfluidic channels. In addition, all steps of chip production were carried out using an inexpensive approach that uses low cost chemicals and equipment. The produced chips were then validated by producing monodisperse polymeric microparticles for drug delivery and hydrogel microfibers for cell embedding.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Focaroli
- DIBINEM-Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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487
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Steuerwald D, Früh SM, Griss R, Lovchik RD, Vogel V. Nanoshuttles propelled by motor proteins sequentially assemble molecular cargo in a microfluidic device. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:3729-3738. [PMID: 25008788 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00385c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanoshuttles powered by the molecular motor kinesin have the potential to capture and concentrate rare molecules from solution as well as to transport, sort and assemble them in a high-throughput manner. One long-thought-of goal has been the realisation of a molecular assembly line with nanoshuttles as workhorses. To harness them for this purpose might allow the community to engineer novel materials and nanodevices. The central milestone towards this goal is to expose nanoshuttles to a series of different molecules or building blocks and load them sequentially to build hierarchical structures, macromolecules or materials. Here, we addressed this challenge by exploiting the synergy of two so far mostly complementary techniques, nanoshuttle-mediated active transport and pressure-driven passive transport, integrated into a single microfluidic device to demonstrate the realisation of a molecular assembly line. Multiple step protocols can thus be miniaturised to a highly parallelised and autonomous working lab-on-a-chip: in each reaction chamber, analytes or building blocks are captured from solution and are then transported by nanoshuttles across fluid flow boundaries in the next chamber. Cargo can thus be assembled, modified, analysed and eventually unloaded in a procedure that requires only one step by its operator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Steuerwald
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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488
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Lapierre F, Harnois M, Coffinier Y, Boukherroub R, Thomy V. Split and flow: reconfigurable capillary connection for digital microfluidic devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:3589-3593. [PMID: 25058858 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00650j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Supplying liquid to droplet-based microfluidic microsystems remains a delicate task facing the problems of coupling continuous to digital or macro- to microfluidic systems. Here, we take advantage of superhydrophobic microgrids to address this problem. Insertion of a capillary tube inside a microgrid aperture leads to a simple and reconfigurable droplet generation setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lapierre
- Institute of Electronics, Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), UMR CNRS 8520, University Lille 1, F-59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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489
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Lima RS, Shiroma LY, Teixeira AVNC, de Toledo JR, do Couto BC, de Carvalho RM, Carrilho E, Kubota LT, Gobbi AL. Microemulsification: an approach for analytical determinations. Anal Chem 2014; 86:9082-90. [PMID: 25148857 DOI: 10.1021/ac5025914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We address a novel method for analytical determinations that combines simplicity, rapidity, low consumption of chemicals, and portability with high analytical performance taking into account parameters such as precision, linearity, robustness, and accuracy. This approach relies on the effect of the analyte content over the Gibbs free energy of dispersions, affecting the thermodynamic stabilization of emulsions or Winsor systems to form microemulsions (MEs). Such phenomenon was expressed by the minimum volume fraction of amphiphile required to form microemulsion (Φ(ME)), which was the analytical signal of the method. Thus, the measurements can be taken by visually monitoring the transition of the dispersions from cloudy to transparent during the microemulsification, like a titration. It bypasses the employment of electric energy. The performed studies were: phase behavior, droplet dimension by dynamic light scattering, analytical curve, and robustness tests. The reliability of the method was evaluated by determining water in ethanol fuels and monoethylene glycol in complex samples of liquefied natural gas. The dispersions were composed of water-chlorobenzene (water analysis) and water-oleic acid (monoethylene glycol analysis) with ethanol as the hydrotrope phase. The mean hydrodynamic diameter values for the nanostructures in the droplet-based water-chlorobenzene MEs were in the range of 1 to 11 nm. The procedures of microemulsification were conducted by adding ethanol to water-oleic acid (W-O) mixtures with the aid of micropipette and shaking. The Φ(ME) measurements were performed in a thermostatic water bath at 23 °C by direct observation that is based on the visual analyses of the media. The experiments to determine water demonstrated that the analytical performance depends on the composition of ME. It shows flexibility in the developed method. The linear range was fairly broad with limits of linearity up to 70.00% water in ethanol. For monoethylene glycol in water, in turn, the linear range was observed throughout the volume fraction of analyte. The best limits of detection were 0.32% v/v water to ethanol and 0.30% v/v monoethylene glycol to water. Furthermore, the accuracy was highly satisfactory. The natural gas samples provided by the Petrobras exhibited color, particulate material, high ionic strength, and diverse compounds as metals, carboxylic acids, and anions. These samples had a conductivity of up to 2630 μS cm(-1); the conductivity of pure monoethylene glycol was only 0.30 μS cm(-1). Despite such downsides, the method allowed accurate measures bypassing steps such as extraction, preconcentration, and dilution of the sample. In addition, the levels of robustness were promising. This parameter was evaluated by investigating the effect of (i) deviations in volumetric preparation of the dispersions and (ii) changes in temperature over the analyte contents recorded by the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato S Lima
- Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais , Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brasil
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490
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O'Neill PF, Ben Azouz A, Vázquez M, Liu J, Marczak S, Slouka Z, Chang HC, Diamond D, Brabazon D. Advances in three-dimensional rapid prototyping of microfluidic devices for biological applications. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2014; 8:052112. [PMID: 25538804 PMCID: PMC4241764 DOI: 10.1063/1.4898632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The capability of 3D printing technologies for direct production of complex 3D structures in a single step has recently attracted an ever increasing interest within the field of microfluidics. Recently, ultrafast lasers have also allowed developing new methods for production of internal microfluidic channels within the bulk of glass and polymer materials by direct internal 3D laser writing. This review critically summarizes the latest advances in the production of microfluidic 3D structures by using 3D printing technologies and direct internal 3D laser writing fabrication methods. Current applications of these rapid prototyped microfluidic platforms in biology will be also discussed. These include imaging of cells and living organisms, electrochemical detection of viruses and neurotransmitters, and studies in drug transport and induced-release of adenosine triphosphate from erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - J Liu
- Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University , Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Marczak
- Centre for Microfluidics and Medical Diagnostics, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Z Slouka
- Centre for Microfluidics and Medical Diagnostics, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - H C Chang
- Centre for Microfluidics and Medical Diagnostics, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - D Diamond
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University , Dublin, Ireland
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491
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Schelcher G, Guyon C, Ognier S, Cavadias S, Martinez E, Taniga V, Malaquin L, Tabeling P, Tatoulian M. Cyclic olefin copolymer plasma millireactors. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:3037-3042. [PMID: 24957952 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00423j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The novelty of this paper lies in the development of a multistep process for the manufacturing of plasma millireactors operating at atmospheric pressure. The fabrication process relies on the integration of metallic electrodes over a cyclic olefin copolymer chip by a combination of photopatterning and sputtering. The developed plasma millireactors were successfully tested by creating air discharges in the gas volume of the millichannel. A sputtered silica layer was deposited on the channel walls to provide a barrier between the plasma and the polymer in order to prevent the alteration of polymer surfaces during the plasma treatment. Interest in this process of employing plasma millireactor as a high reactive environment is demonstrated here by the degradation of a volatile organic compound (acetaldehyde) in ambient air. In this miniaturized device, we obtained a high acetaldehyde conversion (98%) for a specific input energy lower than 200 J L(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Schelcher
- Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, CNRS - Chimie ParisTech, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France.
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492
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Safavieh M, Ahmed MU, Ng A, Zourob M. High-throughput real-time electrochemical monitoring of LAMP for pathogenic bacteria detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 58:101-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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493
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494
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Yang R, Pagaduan JV, Yu M, Woolley AT. On chip preconcentration and fluorescence labeling of model proteins by use of monolithic columns: device fabrication, optimization, and automation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:737-47. [PMID: 25012353 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7988-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic systems with monolithic columns have been developed for preconcentration and on-chip labeling of model proteins. Monoliths were prepared in microchannels by photopolymerization, and their properties were optimized by varying the composition and concentration of the monomers to improve flow and extraction. On-chip labeling of proteins was achieved by driving solutions through the monolith by use of voltage then incubating fluorescent dye with protein retained on the monolith. Subsequently, the labeled proteins were eluted, by applying voltages to reservoirs on the microdevice, and then detected, by monitoring laser-induced fluorescence. Monoliths prepared from octyl methacrylate combine the best protein retention with the possibility of separate elution of unattached fluorescent label with 50% acetonitrile. Finally, automated on-chip extraction and fluorescence labeling of a model protein were successfully demonstrated. This method involves facile sample pretreatment, and therefore has potential for production of integrated bioanalysis microchips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
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495
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Ouyang J, Li ZQ, Zhang J, Wang C, Wang J, Xia XH, Zhou GJ. A rapid and sensitive method for hydroxyl radical detection on a microfluidic chip using an N-doped porous carbon nanofiber modified pencil graphite electrode. Analyst 2014; 139:3416-22. [PMID: 24834984 DOI: 10.1039/c4an00471j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyl radicals (˙OH) play an important role in human diseases. Traditional detection methods are time consuming and require expensive instruments. Here, we present a simple and sensitive method for the detection of hydroxyl radicals on a microfluidic chip using an electrochemical technique. Aniline monomer is electrochemically polymerized on the surface of a pencil graphite electrode and carbonized at 800 °C. The resulting N-doped porous carbon nanofiber-modified pencil graphite electrode is embedded into a microfluidic chip directly as a working electrode. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA) is selected as the trapping agent owing to its unique 3,4-DHBA product and high trapping efficiency. A low detection limit of 1.0 × 10(-6) M is achieved on the microfluidic chip. As a demonstration, the microfluidic chip is successfully utilized for the detection of ˙OH in cigarette smoke. The strong π-π stacking and hydrophobic interactions between the nitrogen-doped carbon materials and the pencil graphite make the modified electrode well-suited for the microfluidic chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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496
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Yetisen AK, Volpatti LR. Patent protection and licensing in microfluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:2217-25. [PMID: 24825780 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00399c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices offer control over low-volume samples in order to achieve high-throughput analysis, and reduce turnaround time and costs. Their efficient commercialisation has implications for biomedical sciences, veterinary medicine, environmental monitoring and industrial applications. In particular, market diffusion of microfluidic laboratory and point-of-care diagnostic devices can contribute to the improvement of global health. In their commercialisation, consultancy and patent protection are essential elements that complement academic publishing. The awareness of knowledge transfer strategies can help academics to create value for their research. The aim of this article is to provide a guidance to (1) overview the terminology in patent law, (2) elucidate the process of filing a patent in the US, EU, Japan and internationally, (3) discuss strategies to licence a patent, and (4) explain tactics to defend a patent in a potential infringement. Awareness of the patent law and rights allows obtaining optimised, valid and valuable patents, while accelerating implementation to market route. Striking a balance between academic publishing, consultancy to industry and patent protection can increase commercial potential, enhance economic growth and create social impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali K Yetisen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QT, UK.
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497
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Zurgil N, Ravid-Hermesh O, Shafran Y, Howitz S, Afrimzon E, Sobolev M, He J, Shinar E, Goldman-Levi R, Deutsch M. Donut-shaped chambers for analysis of biochemical processes at the cellular and subcellular levels. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:2226-2239. [PMID: 24829933 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc51426a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In order to study cell-cell variation with respect to enzymatic activity, individual live cell analysis should be complemented by measurement of single cell content in a biomimetic environment on a cellular scale arrangement. This is a challenging endeavor due to the small volume of a single cell, the low number of target molecules and cell motility. Micro-arrayed donut-shaped chambers (DSCs) of femtoliter (fL), picoliter (pL), and nanoliter (nL) volumes have been developed and produced for the analysis of biochemical reaction at the molecular, cellular and multicellular levels, respectively. DSCs are micro-arrayed, miniature vessels, in which each chamber acts as an individual isolated reaction compartment. Individual live cells can settle in the pL and nL DSCs, share the same space and be monitored under the microscope in a noninvasive, time-resolved manner. Following cell lysis and chamber sealing, invasive kinetic measurement based on cell content is achieved for the same individual cells. The fL chambers are used for the analysis of the same enzyme reaction at the molecular level. The various DSCs were used in this proof-of-principle work to analyze the reaction of intracellular esterase in both primary and cell line immune cell populations. These unique DSC arrays are easy to manufacture and offer an inexpensive and simple operating system for biochemical reaction measurement of numerous single cells used in various practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Zurgil
- The Biophysical Interdisciplinary Schottenstein Center for the Research and Technology of the Cellome, Physics Department, Bar Ilan University, 52900, Ramat Gan, Israel.
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498
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Neužil P, Campos CDM, Wong CC, Soon JBW, Reboud J, Manz A. From chip-in-a-lab to lab-on-a-chip: towards a single handheld electronic system for multiple application-specific lab-on-a-chip (ASLOC). LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:2168-2176. [PMID: 24828468 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00310a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a portable, battery-operated and application-specific lab-on-a-chip (ASLOC) system that can be easily configured for a wide range of lab-on-a-chip applications. It is based on multiplexed electrical current detection that serves as the sensing system. We demonstrate different configurations to perform most detection schemes currently in use in LOC systems, including some of the most advanced such as nanowire-based biosensing, surface plasmon resonance sensing, electrochemical detection and real-time PCR. The complete system is controlled by a single chip and the collected information is stored in situ, with the option of transferring the data to an external display by using a USB interface. In addition to providing a framework for truly portable real-life developments of LOC systems, we envisage that this system will have a significant impact on education, especially since it can easily demonstrate the benefits of integrated microanalytical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Neužil
- KIST Europe Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Campus E7 1, DE-66 123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
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499
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Tarameshlou M, Jafari SH, Rezaeian I, Khonakdar HA. A Microfluidic Approach to Synthesize Monodisperse Poly (2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate) Based Spherical Microgels via Water in Water Emulsion Technique. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2014.886225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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500
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Guo S, Yao T, Ji X, Zeng C, Wang C, Zhang L. Versatile Preparation of Nonspherical Multiple Hydrogel Core PAM/PEG Emulsions and Hierarchical Hydrogel Microarchitectures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:7504-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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