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Kumari M, Gupta V, Kumar N, Arun RK. Microfluidics-Based Nanobiosensors for Healthcare Monitoring. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:378-401. [PMID: 37166577 PMCID: PMC10173227 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00760-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Efficient healthcare management demands prompt decision-making based on fast diagnostics tools, astute data analysis, and informatics analysis. The rapid detection of analytes at the point of care is ensured using microfluidics in synergy with nanotechnology and biotechnology. The nanobiosensors use nanotechnology for testing, rapid disease diagnosis, monitoring, and management. In essence, nanobiosensors detect biomolecules through bioreceptors by modulating the physicochemical signals generating an optical and electrical signal as an outcome of the binding of a biomolecule with the help of a transducer. The nanobiosensors are sensitive and selective and play a significant role in the early identification of diseases. This article reviews the detection method used with the microfluidics platform for nanobiosensors and illustrates the benefits of combining microfluidics and nanobiosensing techniques by various examples. The fundamental aspects, and their application are discussed to illustrate the advancement in the development of microfluidics-based nanobiosensors and the current trends of these nano-sized sensors for point-of-care diagnosis of various diseases and their function in healthcare monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kumari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, NH-44, Jagti, PO Nagrota, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, 181221, India
| | - Verruchi Gupta
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Kakryal, Katra, Jammu & Kashmir, 182320, India
| | - Natish Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, NH-44, Jagti, PO Nagrota, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, 181221, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Arun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, NH-44, Jagti, PO Nagrota, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, 181221, India.
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2
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Enders A, Grünberger A, Bahnemann J. Towards Small Scale: Overview and Applications of Microfluidics in Biotechnology. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:365-377. [PMID: 36515858 PMCID: PMC10881759 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00626-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Thanks to recent and continuing technological innovations, modern microfluidic systems are increasingly offering researchers working across all fields of biotechnology exciting new possibilities (especially with respect to facilitating high throughput analysis, portability, and parallelization). The advantages offered by microfluidic devices-namely, the substantially lowered chemical and sample consumption they require, the increased energy and mass transfer they offer, and their comparatively small size-can potentially be leveraged in every sub-field of biotechnology. However, to date, most of the reported devices have been deployed in furtherance of healthcare, pharmaceutical, and/or industrial applications. In this review, we consider examples of microfluidic and miniaturized systems across biotechnology sub-fields. In this context, we point out the advantages of microfluidics for various applications and highlight the common features of devices and the potential for transferability to other application areas. This will provide incentives for increased collaboration between researchers from different disciplines in the field of biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Enders
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstraße 5, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexander Grünberger
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences: Microsystems in Bioprocess Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Janina Bahnemann
- Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 1, 86159, Augsburg, Germany.
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3
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Kheirkhah Barzoki A. Enhanced mixing efficiency and reduced droplet size with novel droplet generators. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4711. [PMID: 38409482 PMCID: PMC10897375 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55514-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, droplet microfluidics has become widely utilized for high-throughput assays. Efficient mixing is crucial for initiating biochemical reactions in many applications. Rapid mixing during droplet formation eliminates the need for incorporating micromixers, which can complicate the chip design. Furthermore, immediate mixing of substances upon contact can significantly improve the consistency of chemical reactions and resulting products. This study introduces three innovative designs for droplet generators that achieve efficient mixing and produce small droplets. The T-cross and cross-T geometries combine cross and T junction mixing mechanisms, resulting in improved mixing efficiency. Numerical simulations were conducted to compare these novel geometries with traditional T and cross junctions in terms of mixing index, droplet diameter, and eccentricity. The cross-T geometry exhibited the highest mixing index and produced the smallest droplets. For the flow rate ratio of 0.5, this geometry offered a 10% increase in the mixing index and a decrease in the droplet diameter by 10% compared to the T junction. While the T junction has the best mixing efficiency among traditional droplet generators, it produces larger droplets, which can increase the risk of contamination due to contact with the microchannel walls. Therefore, the cross-T geometry is highly desirable in most applications due to its production of considerably smaller droplets. The asymmetric cross junction offered a 8% increase in mixing index and around 2% decrease in droplet diameter compared to the conventional cross junction in flow rate ratio of 0.5. All novel geometries demonstrated comparable mixing efficiency to the T junction. The cross junction exhibited the lowest mixing efficiency and produced larger droplets compared to the cross-T geometry (around 1%). Thus, the novel geometries, particularly the cross-T geometry, are a favorable choice for applications where both high mixing efficiency and small droplet sizes are important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kheirkhah Barzoki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
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4
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Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Yang X, Tao S, Chen M, Shangguan W. Operando investigation of particle re-entrainment mechanism in electrostatic capture process on the lab-on-a-chip. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 136:337-347. [PMID: 37923443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Inhalable particle is a harmful air pollutant that causes a significant threat to people's health and ecological environments, which should be removed to purify air, but there exists limited removal efficiency due to particle re-entrainment. Here, Operando observation system based on microscopic visualization method is developed to make in situ test of particle migration, deposition and re-entrainment characteristics on a lab-on-a-chip to achieve the investigation in micro-level scale. The deposition evolution of charged particles is recorded in electric field region intuitively, which confirms the fracture of particle chain occurs during the growth process of deposited particles. It captures the instantaneous process that a larger particle with micron size due to the coagulation of submicron particles fractures from main body of the particle chain for the first time. The analysis of migration behavior of a single submicron particle near electrode surface demonstrates the direct influence of drag force on the fracture of particle chain. This work is the first-time visualization of dynamic process and mechanism elucidation of particle re-entrainment at the micron level, and the findings will provide the theory support for the particle re-entrainment mechanism and bring inspires of enhancing capture efficiency of inhalable particle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhu
- Research Center for Combustion and Environmental Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yikun Zhang
- Research Center for Combustion and Environmental Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoyong Yang
- Research Center for Combustion and Environmental Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shanlong Tao
- Research Center for Combustion and Environmental Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mingxia Chen
- Research Center for Combustion and Environmental Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wenfeng Shangguan
- Research Center for Combustion and Environmental Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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5
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Camacho MJ, Albuquerque DC, Inácio ML, Martins VC, Mota M, Freitas PP, de Andrade E. FTA-LAMP based biosensor for a rapid in-field detection of Globodera pallida-the pale potato cyst nematode. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1337879. [PMID: 38303911 PMCID: PMC10830618 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1337879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The combination of a sensitive and specific magnetoresistive sensing device with an easy DNA extraction method and a rapid isothermal amplification is presented here targeting the on-site detection of Globodera pallida, a potato endoparasitic nematode. FTA-cards were used for DNA extraction, LAMP was the method developed for DNA amplification and a nanoparticle functionalized magnetic-biosensor was used for the detection. The combinatorial effect of these three emerging technologies has the capacity to detect G. pallida with a detection limit of one juvenile, even when mixed with other related species. This combined system is far more interesting than what a single technology can provide. Magnetic biosensors can be combined with any DNA extraction protocol and LAMP forming a new solution to target G. pallida. The probe designed in this study consistently distinguished G. pallida (∆Vac binding/Vac sensor above 1%) from other cyst nematodes (∆Vac binding/Vac sensor below 1%). It was confirmed that DNA either extracted with FTA-cards or Lab extraction Kit was of enough quantity and quality to detect G. pallida whenever present (alone or in mixed samples), ensuring probe specificity and sensitivity. This work provides insights for a new strategy to construct advanced devices for pathogens in-field diagnostics. LAMP runs separately but can be easily integrated into a single device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Camacho
- INIAV—National Institute for Agriculture and Veterinary Research, Oeiras, Portugal
- NemaLab/ MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
- INESC Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Débora C. Albuquerque
- INESC Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias, Lisbon, Portugal
- IST—Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria L. Inácio
- INIAV—National Institute for Agriculture and Veterinary Research, Oeiras, Portugal
- GREEN-IT Bioresources for Sustainability, ITQB NOVA, Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | - Manuel Mota
- NemaLab/ MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Paulo P. Freitas
- INESC Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias, Lisbon, Portugal
- INL—International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Eugénia de Andrade
- INIAV—National Institute for Agriculture and Veterinary Research, Oeiras, Portugal
- GREEN-IT Bioresources for Sustainability, ITQB NOVA, Oeiras, Portugal
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Rodríguez CF, Guzmán-Sastoque P, Gantiva-Diaz M, Gómez SC, Quezada V, Muñoz-Camargo C, Osma JF, Reyes LH, Cruz JC. Low-cost inertial microfluidic device for microparticle separation: A laser-Ablated PMMA lab-on-a-chip approach without a cleanroom. HardwareX 2023; 16:e00493. [PMID: 38045919 PMCID: PMC10689937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2023.e00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Although microparticles are frequently used in chemistry and biology, their effectiveness largely depends on the homogeneity of their particle size distribution. Microfluidic devices to separate and purify particles based on their size have been developed, but many require expensive cleanroom manufacturing processes. A cost-effective, passive microfluidic separator is presented, capable of efficiently sorting and purifying particles spanning the size range of 15 µm to 40 µm. Fabricated from Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) substrates using laser ablation, this device circumvents the need for cleanroom facilities. Prior to fabrication, rigorous optimization of the device's design was carried out through computational simulations conducted in COMSOL Multiphysics. To gauge its performance, chitosan microparticles were employed as a test case. The results were notably promising, achieving a precision of 96.14 %. This quantitative metric underscores the device's precision and effectiveness in size-based particle separation. This low-cost and accessible microfluidic separator offers a pragmatic solution for laboratories and researchers seeking precise control over particle sizes, without the constraints of expensive manufacturing environments. This innovation not only mitigates the limitations tied to traditional cleanroom-based fabrication but also widens the horizons for various applications within the realms of chemistry and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian F. Rodríguez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1E No. 19a-40, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Paula Guzmán-Sastoque
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1E No. 19a-40, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Mónica Gantiva-Diaz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1E No. 19a-40, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Saúl C. Gómez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1E No. 19a-40, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Valentina Quezada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1E No. 19a-40, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Carolina Muñoz-Camargo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1E No. 19a-40, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Johann F. Osma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1E No. 19a-40, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1E No. 19a-40, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Luis H. Reyes
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1E No. 19a-40, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Juan C. Cruz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1E No. 19a-40, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1E No. 19a-40, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
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7
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Agüero EI, Belgorosky D, García-Silva JI, Booth R, Lerner B, Pérez MS, Eiján AM. Microdevices for cancer stem cell culture as a predictive chemotherapeutic response platform. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:1465-1475. [PMID: 37755493 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02375-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic platforms for clinical use are a promising translational strategy for cancer research specially for drug screening. Identifying cancer stem cells (CSC) using sphere culture techniques in microfluidic devices (MDs) showed to be better reproducing physiological responses than other in vitro models and allow the optimization of samples and reagents. We evaluated individual sphere proliferation and stemness toward chemotherapeutic treatment (CT) with doxorubicin and cisplatin in bladder cancer cell lines (MB49-I and J82) cultured in MDs used as CSC treatment response platform. Our results confirm the usefulness of this device to evaluate the CT effect in sphere-forming efficiency, size, and growth rate from individual spheres within MDs and robust information comparable to conventional culture plates was obtained. The expression of pluripotency genetic markers (Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, and CD44) could be analyzed by qPCR and immunofluorescence in spheres growing directly in MDs. MDs are a suitable platform for sphere isolation from tumor samples and can provide information about CT response. Microfluidic-based CSC studies could provide information about treatment response of cancer patients from small samples and can be a promising tool for CSC-targeted specific treatment with potential in precision medicine. KEY MESSAGES: We have designed a microfluidic platform for CSC enriched culture by tumor sphere formation. Using MDs, we could quantify and determine sphere response after CT using murine and human cell lines as a proof of concept. MDs can be used as a tumor-derived sphere isolation platform to test the effect of antitumoral compounds in sphere proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Imanol Agüero
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Oncología "Ángel H. Roffo", Área de Investigación, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1417DTB, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1425FQB, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Denise Belgorosky
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Oncología "Ángel H. Roffo", Área de Investigación, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1417DTB, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julio Israel García-Silva
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1425FQB, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ross Booth
- Roche Sequencing Solutions, Santa Clara, CA, 95050, USA
| | - Betiana Lerner
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University (FIU), Miami, FL, 33174, USA
- Collaborative Research Institute Intelligent Oncology (CRIION), Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional (UTN), Centro IREN, B1706EAH, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Instituto de Ingeniería Biomédica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1063ACV, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maximiliano Sebastián Pérez
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University (FIU), Miami, FL, 33174, USA.
- Collaborative Research Institute Intelligent Oncology (CRIION), Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional (UTN), Centro IREN, B1706EAH, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Instituto de Ingeniería Biomédica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1063ACV, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Ana María Eiján
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Oncología "Ángel H. Roffo", Área de Investigación, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1417DTB, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1425FQB, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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8
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Zhang N, Yue C, Zhan X, Cheng Z, Li C, Du Y, Tian F. Quantitative analysis of respiratory viruses based on lab-on-a-chip platform. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:6561-6571. [PMID: 37682312 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04935-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The quantitative analysis of respiratory viruses is of great importance for rapid diagnosis, precision medicine, and prognosis. Several current quantitative analysis systems have been proposed and commercialized. Although they have been proven in trials, quantitative analyzes based on real samples are still complex, time-consuming, and expensive. Therefore, they are not able to directly quantify real samples. In this work, we presented a lab-on-a-chip platform combined with an automated control system to achieve quantitative analysis from samples to results. We developed a multilayer integrated chip to rapidly extract and quantify RNA of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pseudovirus from large-volume nasal swab samples. The dependence of the magnetic bead size and the interfacial effect was studied for the first time, and the conditions of immiscible filtration assisted by surface tension (IFAST) method for nucleic acid extraction were optimized to increase the nucleic acid recovery rate up to 85%. Inside the chip, a pneumatic valve was developed for automatic opening and closing of the liquid channel. The integrated chip platform and automatic control system presented here are advantageous for use in resource-limited settings (RLS). In addition, our method can be extended to other respiratory viruses and other sample types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Systems Engineering Institute, Academy of Military Sciences, People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100166, China
| | - Chao Yue
- Systems Engineering Institute, Academy of Military Sciences, People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100166, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhan
- Systems Engineering Institute, Academy of Military Sciences, People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100166, China
| | - Zhi Cheng
- Systems Engineering Institute, Academy of Military Sciences, People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100166, China
| | - Chao Li
- Systems Engineering Institute, Academy of Military Sciences, People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100166, China
| | - Yaohua Du
- Systems Engineering Institute, Academy of Military Sciences, People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100166, China.
| | - Feng Tian
- Systems Engineering Institute, Academy of Military Sciences, People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100166, China.
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9
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Fuciños C, Rodríguez-Sanz A, García-Caamaño E, Gerbino E, Torrado A, Gómez-Zavaglia A, Rúa ML. Microfluidics potential for developing food-grade microstructures through emulsification processes and their application. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113086. [PMID: 37689862 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The food sector continues to face challenges in developing techniques to increase the bioavailability of bioactive chemicals. Utilising microstructures capable of encapsulating diverse compounds has been proposed as a technological solution for their transport both in food and into the gastrointestinal tract. The present review discusses the primary elements that influence the emulsification process in microfluidic systems to form different microstructures for food applications. In microfluidic systems, reactions occur within small reaction channels (1-1000 μm), using small amounts of samples and reactants, ca. 102-103 times less than conventional assays. This geometry provides several advantages for emulsion and encapsulating structure production, like less waste generation, lower cost and gentle assays. Also, from a food application perspective, it allows the decrease in particle dispersion, resulting in a highly repeatable and efficient synthesis method that also improves the palatability of the food products into which the encapsulates are incorporated. However, it also entails some particular requirements. It is important to obtain a low Reynolds number (Re < approx. 250) for greater precision in droplet formation. Also, microfluidics requires fluid viscosity typically between 0.3 and 1400 mPa s at 20 °C. So, it is a challenge to find food-grade fluids that can operate at the micro-scale of these systems. Microfluidic systems can be used to synthesise different food-grade microstructures: microemulsions, solid lipid microparticles, microgels, or self-assembled structures like liposomes, niosomes, or polymersomes. Besides, microfluidics is particularly useful for accurately encapsulating bacterial cells to control their delivery and release on the action site. However, despite the significant advancement in these systems' development over the past several years, developing and implementing these systems on an industrial scale remains challenging for the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Fuciños
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Alimentaria, Universidade de Vigo, Laboratorio de Bioquímica, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - Andrea Rodríguez-Sanz
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Alimentaria, Universidade de Vigo, Laboratorio de Bioquímica, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Esther García-Caamaño
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Alimentaria, Universidade de Vigo, Laboratorio de Bioquímica, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Esteban Gerbino
- Center for Research and Development in Food Cryotechnology (CCT-CONICET La Plata) RA-1900, Argentina
| | - Ana Torrado
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Alimentaria, Universidade de Vigo, Laboratorio de Bioquímica, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Andrea Gómez-Zavaglia
- Center for Research and Development in Food Cryotechnology (CCT-CONICET La Plata) RA-1900, Argentina.
| | - María L Rúa
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Alimentaria, Universidade de Vigo, Laboratorio de Bioquímica, 32004 Ourense, Spain
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10
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Wang S, Li B, McLeod D, Li Z. A handheld plug-and-play microfluidic liquid handling automation platform for immunoassays. HardwareX 2023; 14:e00420. [PMID: 37153756 PMCID: PMC10160774 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2023.e00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Lab-on-a-chip technologies and microfluidics have pushed miniaturized liquid handling to unprecedented precision, integration, and automation, which improved the reaction efficiency of immunoassays. However, most microfluidic immunoassay systems still require bulky infrastructures, such as external pressure sources, pneumatic systems, and complex manual tubing and interface connections. Such requirements prevent plug-and-play operation at the point-of-care (POC) settings. Here we present a fully automated handheld general microfluidic liquid handling automation platform with a plug-and-play 'clamshell-style' cartridge socket, a miniature electro-pneumatic controller, and injection-moldable plastic cartridges. The system achieved multi-reagent switching, metering, and timing control on the valveless cartridge using electro-pneumatic pressure control. As a demonstration, a SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody sandwich fluorescent immunoassay (FIA) liquid handling was performed on an acrylic cartridge without human intervention after sample introduction. A fluorescence microscope was used to analyze the result. The assay showed a limit of detection at 31.1 ng/mL, comparable to some previously reported enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). In addition to automated liquid handling on the cartridge, the system can operate as a 6-port pressure source for external microfluidic chips. A rechargeable battery with a 12 V 3000 mAh capacity can power the system for 42 h. The footprint of the system is 16.5 × 10.5 × 7 cm, and the weight is 801 g, including the battery. The system can find many other POC and research applications requiring complex liquid manipulation, such as molecular diagnostics, cell analysis, and on-demand biomanufacturing.
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11
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Angiolillo S, Micheli S, Laterza C, Gagliano O. NGN2-based neuronal programming of hiPSCs in an automated microfluidic platform. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 666:52-60. [PMID: 37178505 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.04.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) via somatic cell reprogramming allowed to have an unlimited in vitro source of patient-specific cells. This achievement has introduced a new revolutionary way to create human in vitro models and to study human diseases starting from patient's own cells, especially important for inaccessible tissues like the brain. Recently, lab-on-a-chip technology has opened new reliable alternatives to conventional in vitro models able to replicate key aspects of human physiology, thanks to the intrinsic high surface-area-to-volume ratio, which allows fine control of the cellular microenvironment. The development of automated microfluidic platforms allowed the implementation of this technology to perform high-throughput, standardized and parallelized assays, suitable for drug screenings and developing new therapeutic approaches in a cost-effective way. However, the major challenges in the broad application of automated lab-on-a-chip in biological research are the lack of production robustness and ease of use of the devices. Here, we present an automated microfluidic platform able to host the rapid conversion of human iPSCs (hiPSCs) into neurons via viral-mediated overexpression of Neurogenin 2 (NGN2) in a user-friendly manner. The design of the platform, built with multilayer soft-lithography techniques, shows easiness in the fabrication and assembly thanks to the simple geometry and experimental reproducibility at the same time. All operations are managed automatically, from the cell seeding, medium change, doxycycline-mediated neuronal induction, selection of the genetically engineered cells, and analysis of the output of differentiation, including immunofluorescence assay. Our results show a high-throughput, efficient and homogenous conversion of hiPSCs into neurons in 10 days, characterized by the expression of the mature neuronal marker MAP2 and calcium signaling. The neurons-on-chip model here described represents a fully automated loop system able to address the challenges in the field of neurological diseases modelling in vitro and improve current preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Angiolillo
- Department of Industrial Engineering (DII), University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - S Micheli
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - C Laterza
- Department of Industrial Engineering (DII), University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - O Gagliano
- Department of Industrial Engineering (DII), University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, GOS Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
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12
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Rogers G, Barker S, Sharma M, Khakoo S, Utz M. Operando NMR metabolomics of a microfluidic cell culture. J Magn Reson 2023; 349:107405. [PMID: 36842430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2023.107405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this work we demonstrate the use of microfluidic NMR for in situ culture and quantitative analysis of metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines. A hydrothermal heating system is used to enable continuous in situ NMR observation of HCC cell culture over a 24 h incubation period. This technique is nondestructive, non-invasive and can measure millimolar concentrations at microlitre volumes, within a few minutes and in precisely controlled culture conditions. This is sufficient to observe changes in primary energy metabolism, using around 500-3500 cells per device, and with a time resolution of 17 min. The ability to observe intracellular responses in a time-resolved manner provides a more detailed view of a biological system and how it reacts to stimuli. This capability will allow detailed metabolomic studies of cell-culture based cancer models, enabling quantification of metabolic reporgramming, the metabolic tumor microenvironment, and the metabolic interplay between cancer- and immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Rogers
- School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ Hampshire, UK
| | - Sylwia Barker
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ Hampshire, UK
| | - Manvendra Sharma
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ Hampshire, UK
| | - Salim Khakoo
- School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ Hampshire, UK
| | - Marcel Utz
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ Hampshire, UK.
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13
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Ge S, Chen G, Deng J, Gu Y, Mao Y, Zhou X, Li G. Multiplex signal amplification strategy-based early-stage diagnosis of Parkinson's disease on a SERS-enabled LoC system. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1247:340890. [PMID: 36781256 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.340890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a multiplex signal amplification strategy was developed for the determination of miR-214 and miR-221 on a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-enabled lab-on-a-chip (LoC) system to realize the early-stage diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD). The gold nanobipyramids (GNBPs) with great monodispersity were functionalized with Raman reporter molecules and hairpin DNA 1, serving as the SERS nanotags. The presence of targets can initial the strand displacement amplification (SDA) reaction and the numerous short-stranded trigger DNA (tDNA) can be released under the action of polymerase and nicking enzyme. Then, the tDNA can trigger the catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) event between the SERS nanotags and the capture nanoprobes (Magnetic beads (MBs) modified with hairpin DNA 2), resulting in the aggregation of GNBPs on the MBs surface. The multiplex signal amplification contributed by the SDA-CHA strategy and the magnet-induced aggregation effect can ultimately lead to the significant improvement of the detection sensitivity and the limit of detection (LOD) was low to aM level with reproducibility and specificity meanwhile. Furthermore, a MPTP-induced PD mice model was established to verify the practicability and the expression level of miR-214 and miR-221 at different stages analyzed with the LoC system was confirmed by qRT-PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Ge
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China
| | - Gaoyang Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Taizhou City, Taizhou, 225300, PR China
| | - Jialin Deng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China
| | - Yuexing Gu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China
| | - Yu Mao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China
| | - Guang Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China.
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14
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Özyurt C, Uludağ İ, İnce B, Sezgintürk MK. Lab-on-a-chip systems for cancer biomarker diagnosis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 226:115266. [PMID: 36706542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) or micro total analysis system is one of the microfluidic technologies defined as the adaptation, miniaturization, integration, and automation of analytical laboratory procedures into a single instrument or "chip". In this article, we review developments over the past five years in the application of LOC biosensors for the detection of different types of cancer. Microfluidics encompasses chemistry and biotechnology skills and has revolutionized healthcare diagnosis. Superior to traditional cell culture or animal models, microfluidic technology has made it possible to reconstruct functional units of organs on chips to study human diseases such as cancer. LOCs have found numerous biomedical applications over the past five years, including integrated bioassays, cell analysis, metabolomics, drug discovery and delivery systems, tissue and organ physiology and disease modeling, and personalized medicine. This review provides an overview of the latest developments in microfluidic-based cancer research, with pros, cons, and prospects.
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15
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Hussain M, Zou J, Liu X, Chen R, Tang S, Huang Z, Zhuang J, Zhang L, Tang Y. Pseudomonas aeruginosa detection based on droplets incubation using an integrated microfluidic chip, laser spectroscopy, and machine learning. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 288:122206. [PMID: 36481538 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunist pathogen responsible for causing several infections in the human body, especially in patients with weak immune systems. The proposed approach reports a novel pathogens detection system based on cultivating microdroplets and acquiring the scattered light signals from the incubated droplets using a microfluidic device. Initially, the microdroplets were generated and incubated to cultivate bacteria inside the microdroplets. The second part of the microfluidic chip is the detection module, embedded with three optical fibers to connect laser light and photosensors. The incubated droplets were reinjected in the detection module and passed through the laser light. The surrounding photosensors were arranged symmetrically at 45° to the flowing channel for acquiring the scattered light signal. The noise was removed from the acquired data, and time-domain waveform features were evaluated. The acquired features were trained using machine learning classifiers to classify P. aeruginosa. The k-nearest neighbors (KNN) showed superior classification performance with 95.6 % accuracy among other classifiers, including logistic regression (LR), support vector machines (SVM), and naïve Bayes (NB). The proposed research was performed to validate the method for pathogens detection with a concentration of 105 CFU/mL. The total duration of 6 h is required to test the sample, including five hours for droplets incubation and one hour for sample preparation and detection using light scattering module. The results indicate that acquiring the light scattering patterns from incubated droplets can detect P. aeruginosa using machine learning classification. The proposed system is anticipated to be helpful as a rapid device for diagnosing pathogenic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubashir Hussain
- Postdoctoral Innovation Practice, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Liuxian Avenue, No. 7098, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong Province, China; School of Food and Drug, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Liuxian Avenue, No. 7098, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun Zou
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- School of Food and Drug, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Liuxian Avenue, No. 7098, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ronggui Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen 518110, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shuming Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhili Huang
- School of Food and Drug, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Liuxian Avenue, No. 7098, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jialang Zhuang
- School of Food and Drug, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Liuxian Avenue, No. 7098, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- School of Food and Drug, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Liuxian Avenue, No. 7098, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Yongjun Tang
- School of Food and Drug, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Liuxian Avenue, No. 7098, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong Province, China.
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16
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Lin Z, Zou Z, Pu Z, Wu M, Zhang Y. Application of microfluidic technologies on COVID-19 diagnosis and drug discovery. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:S2211-3835(23)00061-8. [PMID: 36855672 PMCID: PMC9951611 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has boosted the development of antiviral research. Microfluidic technologies offer powerful platforms for diagnosis and drug discovery for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) diagnosis and drug discovery. In this review, we introduce the structure of SARS-CoV-2 and the basic knowledge of microfluidic design. We discuss the application of microfluidic devices in SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis based on detecting viral nucleic acid, antibodies, and antigens. We highlight the contribution of lab-on-a-chip to manufacturing point-of-care equipment of accurate, sensitive, low-cost, and user-friendly virus-detection devices. We then investigate the efforts in organ-on-a-chip and lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) synthesizing chips in antiviral drug screening and mRNA vaccine preparation. Microfluidic technologies contribute to the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 research efforts and provide tools for future viral outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhun Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhengyu Zou
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhe Pu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Minhao Wu
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yuanqing Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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17
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Man Y, Kucukal E, Liu S, An R, Goreke U, Wulftange WJ, Sekyonda Z, Bode A, Little JA, Manwani D, Stavrou EX, Gurkan UA. A microfluidic device for assessment of E-selectin-mediated neutrophil recruitment to inflamed endothelium and prediction of therapeutic response in sickle cell disease. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 222:114921. [PMID: 36521205 PMCID: PMC9850363 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil recruitment to the inflamed endothelium is a multistep process and is of utmost importance in the development of the hallmark vaso-occlusive crisis in sickle cell disease (SCD). However, there lacks a standardized, clinically feasible approach for assessing neutrophil recruitment to the inflamed endothelium for individualized risk stratification and therapeutic response prediction in SCD. Here, we describe a microfluidic device functionalized with E-selectin, a critical endothelial receptor for the neutrophil recruitment process, as a strategy to assess neutrophil binding under physiologic flow in normoxia and clinically relevant hypoxia in SCD. We show that hypoxia significantly enhances neutrophil binding to E-selectin and promotes the formation of neutrophil-platelet aggregates. Moreover, we identified two distinct patient populations: a more severe clinical phenotype with elevated lactate dehydrogenase levels and absolute reticulocyte counts but lowered fetal hemoglobin levels associated with constitutively less neutrophil binding to E-selectin. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that the extent of neutrophil activation correlates with membrane L-selectin shedding, resulting in the loss of ligand interaction sites with E-selectin. We also show that inhibition of E-selectin significantly reduces leukocyte recruitment to activated endothelial cells. Our findings add mechanistic insight into neutrophil-endothelial interactions under hypoxia and provide a clinically feasible means for assessing neutrophil binding to E-selectin using clinical whole blood samples, which can help guide therapeutic decisions for SCD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuncheng Man
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Erdem Kucukal
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Shichen Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ran An
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Utku Goreke
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - William J Wulftange
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Zoe Sekyonda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Allison Bode
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology Division, CWRU School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jane A Little
- Department of Hematology, UNC Blood Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Deepa Manwani
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Evi X Stavrou
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology Division, CWRU School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Medicine Service, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Administration Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Umut A Gurkan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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18
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Silvani G, Romanov V, Martinac B. Sounding a New Era in Biomechanics with Acoustic Force Spectroscopy. Adv Exp Med Biol 2023; 1436:109-118. [PMID: 36571699 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The acoustic force spectroscopy (AFS) tool was recently introduced as a novel tool for probing mechanical properties of biomolecules, expanding the application of sound waves to high-throughput quantification of the mechanical properties of single cells. By using controlled acoustic forces in the piconewton to nanonewton range, tens to hundreds of cells functionalized by attached microspheres can simultaneously be stretched and tracked in real-time with sub millisecond time response. Since its first application, several studies have demonstrated the potential and versatility of the AFS for high-throughput measurements of force-induced molecular mechanisms, revealing insight into cellular biomechanics and mechanobiology at the molecular level. In this chapter, we describe the operation of the AFS starting with the underlying physical principles, followed by a run-down of experimental considerations, and finally leading to applications in molecular and cellular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Silvani
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Valentin Romanov
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Boris Martinac
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Lee I, Jeon E, Lee J. On-site bioaerosol sampling and detection in microfluidic platforms. Trends Analyt Chem 2023; 158:116880. [PMID: 36514783 PMCID: PMC9731818 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As the recent coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and several severe illnesses such as Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), Influenza A virus (IAV) flu, and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) have been found to be airborne, the importance of monitoring bioaerosols for the control and prevention of airborne epidemic diseases outbreaks is increasing. However, current aerosol collection and detection technologies may be limited to on-field use for real-time monitoring because of the relatively low concentrations of targeted bioaerosols in air samples. Microfluidic devices have been used as lab-on-a-chip platforms and exhibit outstanding capabilities in airborne particulate collection, sample processing, and target molecule analysis, thereby highlighting their potential for on-site bioaerosol monitoring. This review discusses the measurement of airborne microorganisms from air samples, including sources and transmission of bioaerosols, sampling strategies, and analytical methodologies. Recent advancements in microfluidic platforms have focused on bioaerosol sample preparation strategies, such as sorting, concentrating, and extracting, as well as rapid and field-deployable detection methods for analytes on microfluidic chips. Furthermore, we discuss an integrated platform for on-site bioaerosol analyses. We believe that our review significantly contributes to the literature as it assists in bridging the knowledge gaps in bioaerosol monitoring using microfluidic platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inae Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.,Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Eunyoung Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Joonseok Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.,Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
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20
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Guest PC, Hawkins SFC, Rahmoune H. Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern by Genomic Surveillance Techniques. Adv Exp Med Biol 2023; 1412:491-509. [PMID: 37378785 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-28012-2_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
This chapter describes the application of genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic methods in the study of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. We also describe the important role of machine learning tools to identify the most significant biomarker signatures and discuss the latest point-of-care devices that can be used to translate these findings to the physician's office or to bedside care. The main emphasis is placed on increasing our diagnostic capacity and predictability of disease outcomes to guide the most appropriate treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C Guest
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Hassan Rahmoune
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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21
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Zhuang J, Xia L, Zou Z, Yin J, Lin N, Mu Y. Recent advances in integrated microfluidics for liquid biopsies and future directions. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 217:114715. [PMID: 36174359 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liquid biopsies have piqued the interest of researchers as a new tumor diagnosis technique due to their unique benefits of non-invasiveness, sensitivity, and convenience. Recent advances in microfluidic technology have integrated separation, purification, and detection, allowing for high-throughput, high-sensitivity, and high-controllability detection of specific biomarkers in liquid biopsies. With the increasing demand for tumor detection and individualized treatment, new challenges are emerging for the ever-improving microfluidic technology. The state-of-the-art microfluidic design and fabrications have been reviewed in this manuscript, and how this technology can be applied to liquid biopsies from the point of view of the detection process. The primary discussion objectives are circulating tumor cells (CTCs), exosomes, and circulating nucleic acid (ctDNA). Furthermore, the challenges and future direction of microfluidic technology in detecting liquid biomarkers have been discussed.
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22
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Sung B. In silico modeling of endocrine organ-on-a-chip systems. Math Biosci 2022; 352:108900. [PMID: 36075288 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2022.108900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The organ-on-a-chip (OoC) is an artificially reconstructed microphysiological system that is implemented using tissue mimics integrated into miniaturized perfusion devices. OoCs emulate dynamic and physiologically relevant features of the body, which are not available in standard in vitro methods. Furthermore, OoCs provide highly sophisticated multi-organ connectivity and biomechanical cues based on microfluidic platforms. Consequently, they are often considered ideal in vitro systems for mimicking self-regulating biophysical and biochemical networks in vivo where multiple tissues and organs crosstalk through the blood flow, similar to the human endocrine system. Therefore, OoCs have been extensively applied to simulate complex hormone dynamics and endocrine signaling pathways in a mechanistic and fully controlled manner. Mathematical and computational modeling approaches are critical for quantitatively analyzing an OoC and predicting its complex responses. In this review article, recently developed in silico modeling concepts of endocrine OoC systems are summarized, including the mathematical models of tissue-level transport phenomena, microscale fluid dynamics, distant hormone signaling, and heterogeneous cell-cell communication. From this background, whole chip-level analytic approaches in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics will be described with a focus on the spatial and temporal behaviors of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in endocrine biochips. Finally, quantitative design frameworks for endocrine OoCs are reviewed with respect to support parameter calibration/scaling and enable predictive in vitro-in vivo extrapolations. In particular, we highlight the analytical and numerical modeling strategies of the nonlinear phenomena in endocrine systems on-chip, which are of particular importance in drug screening and environmental health applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baeckkyoung Sung
- Biosensor Group, KIST Europe Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Division of Energy & Environment Technology, University of Science & Technology, 34113 Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Abdelbasset WK, Savina SV, Mavaluru D, Shichiyakh RA, Bokov DO, Mustafa YF. Smartphone based aptasensors as intelligent biodevice for food contamination detection in food and soil samples: Recent advances. Talanta 2022; 252:123769. [PMID: 36041314 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the integration of conventional analytical approaches with smartphones has been developed novel, emerging and affordable devices for improving on-site detection platforms in the fields of food safety. Smartphone-based aptasensors as the next generation of portable aptasensing technique has attracted considerable attention as it offers a semi-automated user interface that can be exploited by inexpert characters. Wireless data transferability is an undeniable advantage that home-testing platforms have as well as it can suggest high computational power. In addition, these types of biodevices can provide real-time monitoring in terms of exchanging digital networks in real-time. To elaborate, the ability of smartphones to connect through the Internet is one of the most critical advantages of smartphone-based aptasensor that can be uploaded to Cloud databases and results can be disseminated as spatio-temporal maps across the globe. This review focused on the recent progress and technical breakthroughs of aptasensor on the smartphone as a groundbreaking enterprise in the field of biochemical analysis, importantly in the aspect of the combination of different types of biosensors including electrochemical, optical and colorimetric. In our opinion, this review can broaden our understanding of using smartphones as a portable sensing approach by addressing the current challenges and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Kamal Abdelbasset
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physical Therapy, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Svetlana Vladimirovna Savina
- Department of business informatics, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dinesh Mavaluru
- Department of Information Technology, College of Computing and Informatics, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rustem Adamovich Shichiyakh
- Kuban State Agrarian University Named after I.T. Trubilin, 350044, Krasnodar, Kalinina Str. 13, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Olegovich Bokov
- Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya St., bldg. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation; Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 2/14 Ustyinsky pr., Moscow, 109240, Russian Federation
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, 41001, Iraq
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Zhang Y, Tseng TM, Schlichtmann U. ColoriSens: An open-source and low-cost portable color sensor board for microfluidic integration with wireless communication and fluorescence detection. HardwareX 2022; 11:e00312. [PMID: 35572858 PMCID: PMC9095929 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2022.e00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic colorimetric biosensors have shown promising potential for detecting metal cations, anions, organic dyes, drugs, pesticides. As for today, most colorimetric sensors are read by a smartphone or professional optical imaging system, and there is still a lack of an affordable and reliable colorimetric detector for the microfluidic chip. Integrating those reading and detection capabilities into a microfluidic system is essential for point-of-care (POC) detection and can enable more complex microfluidic operations, such as lab-on-a-chip experiments or programmable microfluidics. We developed an open-source colorimetric detection sensor board that can be integrated into the existing microfluidic system. This sensor board has a built-in UV source that enables fluorescence detection. With built-in USB and Wi-Fi connectivity and a set of simple APIs, microfluidic systems can communicate directly with this sensor board, even wirelessly. The sensor was designed for low-cost. With a total build cost of less than 12 EUR per unit, it is ideal for low-cost systems and DIY microfluidic users. Along with the sensor board, we also designed a companion microfluidic chip carrier cartridge which can be modified depending on the chip's dimension. To demonstrate the sensor, we also developed a cross-platform open-source client application to demonstrate the communication APIs and the functionality of the sensor board.
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Eills J, Hale W, Utz M. Synergies between Hyperpolarized NMR and Microfluidics: A Review. Prog Nucl Magn Reson Spectrosc 2022; 128:44-69. [PMID: 35282869 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized nuclear magnetic resonance and lab-on-a-chip microfluidics are two dynamic, but until recently quite distinct, fields of research. Recent developments in both areas increased their synergistic overlap. By microfluidic integration, many complex experimental steps can be brought together onto a single platform. Microfluidic devices are therefore increasingly finding applications in medical diagnostics, forensic analysis, and biomedical research. In particular, they provide novel and powerful ways to culture cells, cell aggregates, and even functional models of entire organs. Nuclear magnetic resonance is a non-invasive, high-resolution spectroscopic technique which allows real-time process monitoring with chemical specificity. It is ideally suited for observing metabolic and other biological and chemical processes in microfluidic systems. However, its intrinsically low sensitivity has limited its application. Recent advances in nuclear hyperpolarization techniques may change this: under special circumstances, it is possible to enhance NMR signals by up to 5 orders of magnitude, which dramatically extends the utility of NMR in the context of microfluidic systems. Hyperpolarization requires complex chemical and/or physical manipulations, which in turn may benefit from microfluidic implementation. In fact, many hyperpolarization methodologies rely on processes that are more efficient at the micro-scale, such as molecular diffusion, penetration of electromagnetic radiation into a sample, or restricted molecular mobility on a surface. In this review we examine the confluence between the fields of hyperpolarization-enhanced NMR and microfluidics, and assess how these areas of research have mutually benefited one another, and will continue to do so.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Eills
- Institute for Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55090 Mainz, Germany; GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - William Hale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Marcel Utz
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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Doménech-Carbó MT, Doménech-Carbó A. Spot tests: past and present. ChemTexts 2022; 8:4. [PMID: 34976574 PMCID: PMC8710564 DOI: 10.1007/s40828-021-00152-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Microchemistry, i.e., the chemistry performed at the scale of a microgram or less, has its roots in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. In the first half of the twentieth century a wide range of spot tests have been developed. For didactic reasons, they are still part of the curriculum of chemistry students. However, they are even highly important for applied analyses in conservation of cultural heritage, food science, forensic science, clinical and pharmacological sciences, geochemistry, and environmental sciences. Modern pregnancy tests, virus tests, etc. are the most recent examples of sophisticated spot tests. The present ChemTexts contribution aims to provide an overview of the past and present of this analytical methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa Doménech-Carbó
- Institut de Restauració del Patrimoni, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera 14, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Doménech-Carbó
- Departament de Química Analítica, Universitat de València. Dr. Moliner, 50, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
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Hussain M, Liu X, Tang S, Zou J, Wang Z, Ali Z, He N, Tang Y. Rapid detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa based on lab-on-a-chip platform using immunomagnetic separation, light scattering, and machine learning. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1189:339223. [PMID: 34815054 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The rapid detection of the pathogenic bacteria in patient samples is crucial to expedient patient care. The proposed approach reports the development of a novel lab-on-a-chip device for the rapid detection of P. aeruginosa based on immunomagnetic separation, optical scattering, and machine learning. The immunomagnetic particles with a diameter of 5 μm were synthesized for isolating P. aeruginosa from the test sample. A microfluidic chip was fabricated, and three optical fibers were embedded for connecting a laser light and two photodetectors. The laser light was pointed towards the channel to pass light through the sample. A pair of photodetectors via optical fibers were arranged symmetrically at 45° to the channel. The photodetectors acquired scattered light from the flowing sample and converted the light to an electrical signal. The sample containing immunomagnetic beads linked with bacteria was injected into the microfluidic chip. The optimized conditions for performing the experiments were characterized for real-time detection of P. aeruginosa. The data acquisition system recorded the real-time light scattering from the test sample. After removing noise from the output waveform, five different time-domain statistical features were extracted from each waveform: standard mean, standard variance, skewness, kurtosis, and coefficient of variation. The pathogens classification was performed by training the discrimination model using extracted features based on machine learning algorithms. The support vector machines (SVM) with a sigmoid function kernel showed superior classification performance with 97.9% accuracy among other classifiers, including k-nearest neighbors (KNN), logistic regression (LR), and naïve Bayes (NB). The method can detect P. aeruginosa specifically and quantitatively with a limit of detection of 102 CFU/mL. The device can classify P. aeruginosa within 10 min with a total assay time of 25 min. The device was used to test its ability to detect pathogen from the serum and sputum specimens spiked with 105 CFU/mL concentration of P. aeruginosa. The results indicate that light scattering combined with machine learning can be used to detect P. aeruginosa. The proposed technique is anticipated to be helpful as a rapid device for diagnosing P. aeruginosa related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubashir Hussain
- Postdoctoral Innovation Practice, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Liuxian Avenue, No. 7098, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Postdoctoral Innovation Practice, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Liuxian Avenue, No. 7098, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shuming Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Zou
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan, 411104, China
| | - Zhifei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Zeeshan Ali
- Postdoctoral Innovation Practice, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Liuxian Avenue, No. 7098, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Nongyue He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Yongjun Tang
- Postdoctoral Innovation Practice, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Liuxian Avenue, No. 7098, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, China.
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Peter H, Mattig E, Guest PC, Bier FF. Lab-on-a-Chip Immunoassay for Prediction of Severe COVID-19 Disease. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2511:235-244. [PMID: 35838964 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2395-4_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Most people infected by the SARS-CoV-2 virus which causes COVID-19 disease experience mild or no symptoms. Severe forms of the disease are often marked by a hyper-inflammatory response known as a cytokine storm. Thus, biomarker tests which can identify these patients and place them on the appropriate treatment regime at the earliest possible phase would help to improve outcomes. Here we describe an automated microarray-based immunoassay using the Fraunhofer lab-on-a-chip platform for analysis of C-reactive protein due to its role in the hyper-inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Peter
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Emily Mattig
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Potsdam, Germany
| | - Paul C Guest
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Frank F Bier
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Diagnostics and Bioanalysis (IMDB gGmbH), Berlin, Germany
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29
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Mattig E, Guest PC, Peter H. A Rapid User-Friendly Lab-on-a-Chip Microarray Platform for Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Variants. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2511:117-131. [PMID: 35838956 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2395-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Since the original SARS-CoV-2 virus emerged from Wuhan, China, in late December 2019, a number of variants have arisen with enhanced infectivity, and some may even be capable of escaping the existing vaccines. Here we describe a rapid automated nucleic acid microarray hybridization and readout in less than 15 min using the Fraunhofer lab-on-a-chip platform for identification of bacterial species and antibiotic resistance. This platform allows a fast adaptation of new biomarkers enabling identification of different genes and gene mutations, such as those seen in the case the SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Mattig
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Potsdam, Germany
| | - Paul C Guest
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Harald Peter
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Potsdam, Germany.
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30
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Abstract
The recent coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has underscored the need to move from traditional lab-centralized diagnostics to point-of-care (PoC) settings. Lab-on-a-chip (LoC) platforms facilitate the translation to PoC settings via the miniaturization, portability, integration, and automation of multiple assay functions onto a single chip. For this purpose, paper-based assays and microfluidic platforms are currently being extensively studied, and much focus is being directed towards simplifying their design while simultaneously improving multiplexing and automation capabilities. Signal amplification strategies are being applied to improve the performance of assays with respect to both sensitivity and selectivity, while smartphones are being integrated to expand the analytical power of the technology and promote its accessibility. In this chapter, we review the main technologies in the field of LoC platforms for PoC medical diagnostics and survey recent approaches for improving these assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Arshavsky-Graham
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Ester Segal
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
- The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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31
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Saez J, Catalan-Carrio R, Owens RM, Basabe-Desmonts L, Benito-Lopez F. Microfluidics and materials for smart water monitoring: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1186:338392. [PMID: 34756264 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Water quality monitoring of drinking, waste, fresh and seawaters is of great importance to ensure safety and wellbeing for humans, fauna and flora. Researchers are developing robust water monitoring microfluidic devices but, the delivery of a cost-effective, commercially available platform has not yet been achieved. Conventional water monitoring is mainly based on laboratory instruments or sophisticated and expensive handheld probes for on-site analysis, both requiring trained personnel and being time-consuming. As an alternative, microfluidics has emerged as a powerful tool with the capacity to replace conventional analytical systems. Nevertheless, microfluidic devices largely use conventional pumps and valves for operation and electronics for sensing, that increment the dimensions and cost of the final platforms, reducing their commercialization perspectives. In this review, we critically analyze the characteristics of conventional microfluidic devices for water monitoring, focusing on different water sources (drinking, waste, fresh and seawaters), and their application in commercial products. Moreover, we introduce the revolutionary concept of using functional materials such as hydrogels, poly(ionic liquid) hydrogels and ionogels as alternatives to conventional fluidic handling and sensing tools, for water monitoring in microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janire Saez
- Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, Analytical Microsystems & Materials for Lab-on-a-Chip (AMMa-LOAC), Group, Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain; Bioelectronic Systems Technology Group, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK.
| | - Raquel Catalan-Carrio
- Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, Analytical Microsystems & Materials for Lab-on-a-Chip (AMMa-LOAC), Group, Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain; Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, BIOMICs Microfluidics Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Róisín M Owens
- Bioelectronic Systems Technology Group, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Lourdes Basabe-Desmonts
- Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, BIOMICs Microfluidics Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Basque Foundation for Science, IKERBASQUE, Spain; Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940, Leioa, Spain.
| | - Fernando Benito-Lopez
- Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, Analytical Microsystems & Materials for Lab-on-a-Chip (AMMa-LOAC), Group, Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain; Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940, Leioa, Spain.
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Sridhar A, Kapoor A, Kumar PS, Ponnuchamy M, Sivasamy B, Vo DVN. Lab-on-a-chip technologies for food safety, processing, and packaging applications: a review. Environ Chem Lett 2021; 20:901-927. [PMID: 34803553 PMCID: PMC8590809 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-021-01342-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The advent of microfluidic systems has led to significant developments in lab-on-a-chip devices integrating several functions onto a single platform. Over the years, these miniature devices have become a promising tool for faster analytical testing, displaying high precision and efficiency. Nonetheless, most microfluidic systems are not commercially available. Research is actually undergoing on the application of these devices in environmental, food, biomedical, and healthcare industries. The lab-on-a-chip industry is predicted to grow annually by 20%. Here, we review the use of lab-on-a-chip devices in the food sector. We present fabrication technologies and materials to developing lab-on-a-chip devices. We compare electrochemical, optical, colorimetric, chemiluminescence and biological methods for the detection of pathogens and microorganisms. We emphasize emulsion processing, food formulation, nutraceutical development due to their promising characteristics. Last, smart packaging technologies like radio frequency identification and indicators are highlighted because they allow better product identification and traceability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adithya Sridhar
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, The University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
| | - Ashish Kapoor
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203 India
| | - Ponnusamy Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, Chennai, 603110 India
| | - Muthamilselvi Ponnuchamy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203 India
| | - Balasubramanian Sivasamy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641407 India
| | - Dai-Viet Nguyen Vo
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Zaman MA, Wu M, Padhy P, Jensen MA, Hesselink L, Davis RW. Modeling Brownian Microparticle Trajectories in Lab-on-a-Chip Devices with Time Varying Dielectrophoretic or Optical Forces. Micromachines (Basel) 2021; 12:1265. [PMID: 34683316 DOI: 10.3390/mi12101265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices capable of manipulating micro/nano-sized samples have spurred advances in biotechnology and chemistry. Designing and analyzing new and more advanced LOCs require accurate modeling and simulation of sample/particle dynamics inside such devices. In this work, we present a generalized computational physics model to simulate particle/sample trajectories under the influence of dielectrophoretic or optical forces inside LOC devices. The model takes into account time varying applied forces, Brownian motion, fluid flow, collision mechanics, and hindered diffusion caused by hydrodynamic interactions. We develop a numerical solver incorporating the aforementioned physics and use it to simulate two example cases: first, an optical trapping experiment, and second, a dielectrophoretic cell sorter device. In both cases, the numerical results are found to be consistent with experimental observations, thus proving the generality of the model. The numerical solver can simulate time evolution of the positions and velocities of an arbitrarily large number of particles simultaneously. This allows us to characterize and optimize a wide range of LOCs. The developed numerical solver is made freely available through a GitHub repository so that researchers can use it to develop and simulate new designs.
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Ching T, Vasudevan J, Tan HY, Lim CT, Fernandez J, Toh YC, Hashimoto M. Highly-customizable 3D-printed peristaltic pump kit. HardwareX 2021; 10:e00202. [PMID: 35607675 PMCID: PMC9123372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2021.e00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Commercially available peristaltic pumps for microfluidics are usually bulky, expensive, and not customizable. Herein, we developed a cost-effective kit to build a micro-peristaltic pump (~ 50 USD) consisting of 3D-printed and off-the-shelf components. We demonstrated fabricating two variants of pumps with different sizes and operating flowrates using the developed kit. The assembled pumps offered a flowrate of 0.02 ~ 727.3 μL/min, and the smallest pump assembled with this kit was 20 × 50 × 28 mm. This kit was designed with modular components (i.e., each component followed a standardized unit) to achieve (1) customizability (users can easily reconfigure various components to comply with their experiments), (2) forward compatibility (new parts with the standardized unit can be designed and easily interfaced to the current kit), and (3) easy replacement of the parts experiencing wear and tear. To demonstrate the forward compatibility, we developed a flowrate calibration tool that was readily interfaced with the developed pump system. The pumps exhibited good repeatability in flowrates and functioned inside a cell incubator (at 37 °C and 95 % humidity) for seven days without noticeable issues in the performance. This cost-effective, highly customizable pump kit should find use in lab-on-a-chip, organs-on-a-chip, and point-of-care microfluidic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Ching
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore
- Digital Manufacturing and Design (DManD) Centre, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jyothsna Vasudevan
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hsih Yin Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Javier Fernandez
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore
| | - Yi-Chin Toh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michinao Hashimoto
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore
- Digital Manufacturing and Design (DManD) Centre, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore
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35
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Shirejini SZ, Inci F. The Yin and Yang of exosome isolation methods: conventional practice, microfluidics, and commercial kits. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 54:107814. [PMID: 34389465 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are a subset of extracellular vesicles released from various cells, and they can be found in different bodily fluids. Exosomes are used as biomarkers to diagnose many diseases and to monitor therapy efficiency as they represent the status and origin of the cell, which they are released from. Considering that they co-exist in bodily fluids with other types of particles, their isolation still remains challenging since conventional separation methods are time-consuming, user-dependent, and result in low isolation yield. This review summarizes the conventional strategies and microfluidic-based methods for exosome isolation along with their strengths and limitations. Microfluidic devices emerge as a promising approach to overcome the limitations of the conventional methods due to their inherent characteristics, such as the need for minute sample volume and rapid operation, in order to isolate exosomes with a high yield and a high purity in a short amount of time, which make them unprecedented tools for molecular biology and clinical applications. This review elaborates on the existing microfluidic-based exosome isolation methods and denotes their benefits and drawbacks. Herein, we also introduce various commercially available platforms and kits for exosome isolation along with their working principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedreza Zeibi Shirejini
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatih Inci
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
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36
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Abstract
This report presents a review of progress on peristaltic micropumps since their emergence, which have been widely used in many research fields from biology to aeronautics. This paper summarizes different techniques that have been used to mimic this elegant physiological transport mechanism that is commonly found in nature. The analysis provides definitions of peristaltic micropumps and their different features, distinguishing them from other mechanical micropumps. Important parameters in peristalsis are presented, such as the operating frequency, stroke volume, and various actuation sequences, along with introducing design rules and analysis for optimizing actuation sequences. Actuation methods such as piezoelectric, motor, pneumatic, electrostatic, and thermal are discussed with their advantages and disadvantages for application in peristaltic micropumps. This review evaluates research efforts over the past 30 years with comparison of key features and outputs, and suggestions for future development. The analysis provides a starting point for researchers designing peristaltic micropumps for a broad range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Forouzandeh
- Corresponding author at: Microsystem Engineering, Kate Gleason College of Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, 168 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623, USA.
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Perez‐Gonzalez VH. Particle trapping in electrically driven insulator-based microfluidics: Dielectrophoresis and induced-charge electrokinetics. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:2445-2464. [PMID: 34081787 PMCID: PMC9291494 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Electrokinetically driven insulator‐based microfluidic devices represent an attractive option to manipulate particle suspensions. These devices can filtrate, concentrate, separate, or characterize micro and nanoparticles of interest. Two decades ago, inspired by electrode‐based dielectrophoresis, the concept of insulator‐based dielectrophoresis (iDEP) was born. In these microfluidic devices, insulating structures (i.e., posts, membranes, obstacles, or constrictions) built within the channel are used to deform the spatial distribution of an externally generated electric field. As a result, particles suspended in solution experience dielectrophoresis (DEP). Since then, it has been assumed that DEP is responsible for particle trapping in these devices, regardless of the type of voltage being applied to generate the electric field—direct current (DC) or alternating current. Recent findings challenge this assumption by demonstrating particle trapping and even particle flow reversal in devices that prevent DEP from occurring (i.e., unobstructed long straight channels stimulated with a DC voltage and featuring a uniform electric field). The theory introduced to explain those unexpected observations was then applied to conventional “DC‐iDEP” devices, demonstrating better prediction accuracy than that achieved with the conventional DEP‐centered theory. This contribution summarizes contributions made during the last two decades, comparing both theories to explain particle trapping and highlighting challenges to address in the near future.
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38
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Li X, He Z, Li C, Li P. One-step enzyme kinetics measurement in 3D printed microfluidics devices based on a high-performance single vibrating sharp-tip mixer. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1172:338677. [PMID: 34119024 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Measuring enzyme kinetics is of great importance to understand many biological processes and improve biosensing and industrial applications. Conventional methods of measuring enzyme kinetics require to prepare a series of solutions with different substrate concentrations and measure the signal response over time with these solutions, leading to tedious sample preparation steps, high reagents/sample consumption, and difficulties in studying fast enzyme kinetics. Here we report a one-step assay to measure enzyme kinetics using a 3D-printed microfluidic device, which eliminates the steps of preparing and handling multiple solutions thereby simplifying the whole workflow significantly. The assay is enabled by a highly efficient vibrating sharp-tip mixing method that can mix multiple streams of fluids with minimal mixing length (∼300 μm) and time (as low as 3 ms), and a wide range of working flow rates from 1.5 μL/min to 750 μL/min. Owing to the high performance of the mixer, a series of experiments with different substrate concentrations are performed by simply adjusting the flow rates of reagents loaded from three inlets in one experiment run. The Michaelis-Menten kinetics of the horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-catalyzed reaction between H2O2 and amplex red is measured in this system. The calculated Michaelis constant is consistent with the values from literature and conventional analysis methods. Due to the simplicity in fabrication and operation, rapid analysis, low power consumption (1.4-45.0 mW), and high temporal resolution, this method will significantly facilitate enzyme kinetics measurement, and offers great potential for optimizing enzyme based biosensing experiments and probing many biochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ziyi He
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Chong Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Peng Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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Bhat MP, Kurkuri M, Losic D, Kigga M, Altalhi T. New optofluidic based lab-on-a-chip device for the real-time fluoride analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1159:338439. [PMID: 33867030 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane) microfluidic channel coupled with UV-vis fibre-optic spectrometer and new synthesized colorimetric probe was integrated into an optofluidic based Lab-on-a-chip device for highly sensitive and real-time quantitative measurements of fluoride ions (F¯). An 'S' shaped microchannel in a microfluidic device was designed to act as microreactor to facilitate the continuous reaction between synthetized colorimetric probe (sensor) and F¯ ions. Following this reaction, the UV-vis optical probe in the downstream detection zone of the microfluidic device was used to capture their spectrum and present as F¯ concentration in real-time conditions. An initial study of the developed colorimetric probe with multi-colour change with several binding and chromophore groups such as -OH, -NH and -NO2 groups confirmed its high sensitivity and selectivity for F¯ ions with a detection limit of 0.79 ppm. The performance of the developed optofluidic device was evaluated for the selective, sensitive detection of F¯ ions including real samples out-performing conventional methods. The technology has advantages such as low sample consumption, rapid analysis, high sensitivity and portability. Presented new Lab-on-a-chip device provides many competitive advantages for the real-time analysis of F¯ ions needed across broad sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh P Bhat
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bengaluru, 562112, Karnataka, India
| | - Mahaveer Kurkuri
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bengaluru, 562112, Karnataka, India.
| | - Dusan Losic
- School of Chemical Engineering, ARC Hub for Graphene Enabled Industry Transformation, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
| | - Madhuprasad Kigga
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bengaluru, 562112, Karnataka, India
| | - Tariq Altalhi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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40
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Padhy P, Zaman MA, Jensen MA, Hesselink L. Dynamically controlled dielectrophoresis using resonant tuning. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:1079-1092. [PMID: 33599974 PMCID: PMC8122061 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Electrically polarizable micro- and nanoparticles and droplets can be trapped using the gradient electric field of electrodes. But the spatial profile of the resultant dielectrophoretic force is fixed once the electrode structure is defined. To change the force profile, entire complex lab-on-a-chip systems must be re-fabricated with modified electrode structures. To overcome this problem, we propose an approach for the dynamic control of the spatial profile of the dielectrophoretic force by interfacing the trap electrodes with a resistor and an inductor to form a resonant resistor-inductor-capacitor (RLC) circuit. Using a dielectrophoretically trapped water droplet suspended in silicone oil, we show that the resonator amplitude, detuning, and linewidth can be continuously varied by changing the supply voltage, supply frequency, and the circuit resistance to obtain the desired trap depth, range, and stiffness. We show that by proper tuning of the resonator, the trap range can be extended without increasing the supply voltage, thus preventing sensitive samples from exposure to high electric fields at the stable trapping position. Such unprecedented dynamic control of dielectrophoretic forces opens avenues for the tunable active manipulation of sensitive biological and biochemical specimen in droplet microfluidic devices used for single-cell and biochemical reaction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punnag Padhy
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mohammad Asif Zaman
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Lambertus Hesselink
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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41
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Sandner G, König A, Wallner M, Weghuber J. Alternative model organisms for toxicological fingerprinting of relevant parameters in food and nutrition. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5965-5982. [PMID: 33683153 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1895060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In the field of (food) toxicology, there is a strong trend of replacing animal trials with alternative methods for the assessment of adverse health effects in humans. The replacement of animal trials is not only driven by ethical concerns but also by the number of potential testing substances (food additives, packaging material, contaminants, and toxicants), which is steadily increasing. In vitro 2D cell culture applications in combination with in silico modeling might provide an applicable first response. However, those systems lack accurate predictions of metabolic actions. Thus, alternative in vivo models could fill the gap between cell culture and animal trials. In this review, we highlight relevant studies in the field and spotlight the applicability of alternative models, including C. elegans, D. rerio, Drosophila, HET-CAM and Lab-on-a-chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Sandner
- Center of Excellence Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria
| | - Alice König
- Center of Excellence Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria.,FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Tulln, Austria
| | - Melanie Wallner
- Center of Excellence Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria.,FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Tulln, Austria
| | - Julian Weghuber
- Center of Excellence Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria.,FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Tulln, Austria
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42
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Tytgat O, Fauvart M, Stakenborg T, Deforce D, Van Nieuwerburgh F. STRide probes: Single-labeled short tandem repeat identification probes. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 180:113135. [PMID: 33690100 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The demand for forensic DNA profiling at the crime scene or at police stations is increasing. DNA profiling is currently performed in specialized laboratories by PCR amplification of Short Tandem Repeats (STR) followed by amplicon sizing using capillary electrophoresis. The need for bulky equipment to identify alleles after PCR presents a challenge for shifting to a decentralized workflow. We devised a novel hybridization-based STR-genotyping method, using Short Tandem Repeat Identification (STRide) probes, which could help tackle this issue. STRide probes are fluorescently labeled oligonucleotides that rely on the quenching properties of guanine on fluorescein derivatives. Mismatches between STRide probes and amplicons can be detected by melting curve analysis after asymmetric PCR. The functionality of the STRide probes was demonstrated by analyzing synthetic DNA samples for the D16S539 locus. Next, STRide probes were developed for five different CODIS core loci (D16S539, TH01, TPOX, FGA, and D7S820). These probes were validated by analyzing 13 human DNA samples. Successful genotyping was obtained using inputs as low as 31 pg of DNA, demonstrating high sensitivity. The STRide probes are ideally suited to be implemented in a microarray and present an important step towards a portable device for fast on-site forensic DNA fingerprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Tytgat
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Gent, 9000, Belgium; Imec, Kapeldreef 75, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | | | | | - Dieter Deforce
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Gent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Filip Van Nieuwerburgh
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Gent, 9000, Belgium.
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Abstract
The emerging technique of microfluidics offers new approaches for precisely controlling fluidic conditions on a small scale, while simultaneously facilitating data collection in both high-throughput and quantitative manners. As such, the so-called lab-on-a-chip (LOC) systems have the potential to revolutionize the field of biotechnology. But what needs to happen in order to truly integrate them into routine biotechnological applications? In this chapter, some of the most promising applications of microfluidic technology within the field of biotechnology are surveyed, and a few strategies for overcoming current challenges posed by microfluidic LOC systems are examined. In addition, we also discuss the intensifying trend (across all biotechnology fields) of using point-of-use applications which is being facilitated by new technological achievements.
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Kim JH, Lee SY, Lee SK. Development of novel lab-on-a-chip platform for high-throughput radioimmunoassay. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 168:109526. [PMID: 33316629 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Radioimmunoassay (RIA) is an extremely specific and a highly sensitive type of immunoassay, but the long incubation time and generation of radioactive wastes limit the use of RIA. To complement these disadvantages of RIA, we suggest an advanced type of RIA based on a lab-on-a-chip (LOC) platform: μ-RIA. We designed a microfluidic chip for RIA and optimized the procedures of μ-RIA analysis, including surface modification, immunoreaction time, and washing. Based on the optimized conditions, we conducted a radioimmunoassay on the μ-RIA platform using a commercial RIA kit. With the μ-RIA, 5 min are adequate for analysis. The amount of reagent consumption is significantly reduced compared with conventional RIA. The standard curve with R2 = 0.9951 shows that we can quantitatively evaluate the amount of antigen present in unknown samples. We show the applicability of μ-RIA for the analysis of biomolecules and the potential of μ-RIA to be a novel platform for high-throughput analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hee Kim
- Neutron and Radioisotope Application Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 111, Daedeok-daero 989beon-gil, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea; School of Architectural, Civil, Environmental and Energy Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Lee
- Neutron and Radioisotope Application Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 111, Daedeok-daero 989beon-gil, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Kon Lee
- Neutron and Radioisotope Application Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 111, Daedeok-daero 989beon-gil, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea.
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45
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Can Demirdöğen B. A literature review of biosensors for multiple sclerosis: Towards personalized medicine and point-of-care testing. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2021; 48:102675. [PMID: 33326907 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuroinflammatory disease of the central nervous system that leads to severe motor and sensory deficits in patients. Although some biomolecules in serum or cerebrospinal fluid have been suggested as biomarkers for MS diagnosis, following disease activity and monitoring treatment response, most of these potential biomarkers are not currently in clinical use and available for all patients. The reasons behind this are generally related to insufficient robustness of biomarker or technical difficulties, high prices, and requirements for technical personnel for their detection. Point-of-care testing (POCT) is an emerging field of healthcare that can be applied at the hospital as well as at home without the need for a centralized laboratory. Biosensor devices offer a convenient means for POCT. A biosensor is a compact analytical device that uses a bioreceptor, such as an antibody, enzyme, or oligonucleotide, to capture the analyte of interest. The interaction between the analyte and the bioreceptor is sensed and transduced into a suitable signal by the signal transducer. The advantages of using a biosensor for detecting the biomolecule of interest include speed, simplicity, accuracy, relatively lower cost, and lack of requirements for highly qualified personnel to perform the testing. Owing to these advantages and with the help of innovations in biosensor development technologies, there has been a great interest in developing biosensor devices for MS in recent years. Hence, the purpose of this review was to provide researchers with an up-to-date summary of the literature as well as to highlight the challenges and opportunities in this translational research field. In addition, because this is a highly interdisciplinary field of study, potentially concerning MS specialists, neurologists, biomedical researchers, and engineers, another aim of this review was to bridge the gap between these disciplines.
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46
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Gokce B, Akcok I, Cagir A, Pesen-Okvur D. A new drug testing platform based on 3D tri-culture in lab-on-a-chip devices. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 155:105542. [PMID: 32927074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Drug discovery has a 90% rate of failure because preclinical platforms for drug testing do not mimic the in vivo conditions. Doxorubicin (DOX) is a commonly used drug to treat breast cancer patients even though it has side effects. Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices provide spatial control at the micrometer scale and can thus emulate the cancer microenvironment. Here, using a multidisciplinary approach, a new drug testing platform based on 3D tri-culture in LOC devices was developed. Breast cancer cells alone or with normal mammary epithelial cells and macrophages were cultured in matrigel in LOC devices. The platform was used to test DOX and (R)-4'-methylklavuzon (KLA), which is a new anti-cancer drug candidate. Results showed that DOX and KLA were equally effective on breast cancer cells in 3D monoculture. KLA produced 26% less death for breast cancer cells than DOX in 3D tri-culture. More importantly, DOX was not selective between breast cancer cells and normal mammary epithelial cells in 3D tri- culture whereas KLA caused 56% less cell death than DOX for normal mammary epithelial cells. Results strongly recommend that 3D tri-culture in LOC devices be used for assessment of drug toxicity at the preclinical stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begum Gokce
- Izmir Institute of Technology, Biotechnology and Bioengineering Graduate Program, Turkey
| | - Ismail Akcok
- Izmir Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Turkey
| | - Ali Cagir
- Izmir Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Turkey
| | - Devrim Pesen-Okvur
- Izmir Institute of Technology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Turkey.
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47
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Preuss JA, Nguyen GN, Berk V, Bahnemann J. Miniaturized free-flow electrophoresis: production, optimization, and application using 3D printing technology. Electrophoresis 2020; 42:305-314. [PMID: 33128392 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The increasing resolution of three-dimensional (3D) printing offers simplified access to, and development of, microfluidic devices with complex 3D structures. Therefore, this technology is increasingly used for rapid prototyping in laboratories and industry. Microfluidic free flow electrophoresis (μFFE) is a versatile tool to separate and concentrate different samples (such as DNA, proteins, and cells) to different outlets in a time range measured in mere tens of seconds and offers great potential for use in downstream processing, for example. However, the production of μFFE devices is usually rather elaborate. Many designs are based on chemical pretreatment or manual alignment for the setup. Especially for the separation chamber of a μFFE device, this is a crucial step which should be automatized. We have developed a smart 3D design of a μFFE to pave the way for a simpler production. This study presents (1) a robust and reproducible way to build up critical parts of a μFFE device based on high-resolution MultiJet 3D printing; (2) a simplified insertion of commercial polycarbonate membranes to segregate separation and electrode chambers; and (3) integrated, 3D-printed wells that enable a defined sample fractionation (chip-to-world interface). In proof of concept experiments both a mixture of fluorescence dyes and a mixture of amino acids were successfully separated in our 3D-printed μFFE device.
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Affiliation(s)
- John-Alexander Preuss
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstraße 5, Hannover, 30167, Germany
| | - Gia Nam Nguyen
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstraße 5, Hannover, 30167, Germany
| | - Virginia Berk
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstraße 5, Hannover, 30167, Germany
| | - Janina Bahnemann
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstraße 5, Hannover, 30167, Germany
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48
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Everitt ML, Tillery A, David MG, Singh N, Borison A, White IM. A critical review of point-of-care diagnostic technologies to combat viral pandemics. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1146:184-199. [PMID: 33461715 PMCID: PMC7548029 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 global pandemic of 2019-2020 pointedly revealed the lack of diagnostic solutions that are able to keep pace with the rapid spread of the virus. Despite the promise of decades of lab-on-a-chip research, no commercial products were available to deliver rapid results or enable testing in the field at the onset of the pandemic. In this critical review, we assess the current state of progress on the development of point-of-care technologies for the diagnosis of viral diseases that cause pandemics. While many previous reviews have reported on progress in various lab-on-a-chip technologies, here we address the literature from the perspective of the testing needs of a rapidly expanding pandemic. First, we recommend a set of requirements to heed when designing point-of-care diagnostic technologies to address the testing needs of a pandemic. We then review the current state of assay technologies with a focus on isothermal amplification and lateral-flow immunoassays. Though there is much progress on assay development, we argue that the largest roadblock to deployment exists in sample preparation. We summarize current approaches to automate sample preparation and discuss both the progress and shortcomings of these developments. Finally, we provide our recommendations to the field of specific challenges to address in order to prepare for the next pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela L Everitt
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, United States
| | - Alana Tillery
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, United States
| | - Martha G David
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, United States
| | - Nikita Singh
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, United States
| | - Aviva Borison
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, United States
| | - Ian M White
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, United States.
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Golozar M, Chu WK, Casto LD, McCauley J, Butterworth AL, Mathies RA. Fabrication of high-quality glass microfluidic devices for bioanalytical and space flight applications. MethodsX 2020; 7:101043. [PMID: 32995307 PMCID: PMC7502335 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2020.101043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Microfabricated glass microfluidic and Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) devices have been utilized in a wide variety of applications over the past thirty years. At the Berkeley Space Sciences Laboratory, we are working to further expand this technology by developing analytical instruments to chemically explore our solar system. This effort requires improving the quality and reliability of glass microfabrication through quality control procedures at every stage of design and manufacture. This manuscript provides detailed information on microfabrication technology for the production of high-quality glass microfluidic chips in compliance with industrial standards and space flight instrumentation quality control.The methodological protocol provided in this paper includes the scope of each step of the manufacturing process, materials and technologies recommended and the specific challenges that often confront the process developer. Types and sources of fabrication error at every stage have been identified and their solutions have been proposed and verified. We present robust and rigorous manufacturing and quality control procedures that will assist other researchers in achieving the highest possible quality glass microdevices using the latest apparatus in a routine and reliable fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matin Golozar
- Department of Chemistry and Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
- Corresponding author at: Department of Chemistry and Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States.
| | - Wai K. Chu
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Laura D. Casto
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Jeremy McCauley
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Anna L. Butterworth
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Richard A. Mathies
- Department of Chemistry and Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
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Bosma R, Devasagayam J, Eswar R, Albuquerque IDF, Collier CM. Voltage control for microchip capillary electrophoresis analyses. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:1961-1968. [PMID: 32840905 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents an inexpensive and easy-to-implement voltage sequencer instrument for use in microchip capillary electrophoresis (MCE) actuation. The voltage sequencer instrument takes a 0-5 V input signal from a microcontroller and produces a reciprocally proportional voltage signal with the capability to achieve the voltages required for MCE actuation. The unit developed in this work features four independent voltage channels, measures 105 × 143 × 45 mm (width × length × height), and the cost to assemble is under 60 USD. The system is controlled by a peripheral interface controller and commands are given via universal serial bus connection to a personal computer running a command line graphical user interface. The performance of the voltage sequencer is demonstrated by its integration with a fluorescence spectroscopy MCE sensor using pinched sample injection and electrophoretic separation to detect ciprofloxacin in samples of milk. This application is chosen as it is particularly important for the dairy industry, where fines and health concerns are associated with the shipping of antibiotic-contaminated milk. The voltage sequencer instrument presented represents an effective low-cost instrumentation method for conducting MCE, thereby making these experiments accessible and affordable for use in industries such as the dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Bosma
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jasen Devasagayam
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Rahul Eswar
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Iasmin de França Albuquerque
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.,Electrical Engineering, Federal Institute of ParaÍba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Christopher M Collier
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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