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Merten AL, Schöler U, Guo Y, Linsenmeier F, Martinac B, Friedrich O, Schürmann S. High-content method for mechanosignaling studies using IsoStretcher technology and quantitative Ca 2+ imaging applied to Piezo1 in cardiac HL-1 cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:140. [PMID: 38485771 PMCID: PMC10940437 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05159-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The importance of mechanosensory transduction pathways in cellular signalling has prominently come to focus in the last decade with the discovery of the Piezo ion channel family. Mechanosignaling involving Piezo1 ion channels in the function of the heart and cardiovascular system has only recently been identified to have implications for cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology, in particular for heart failure (i.e., hypertrophy or dilative cardiomyopathy). These results have emphasized the need for higher throughput methods to study single-cell cardiovascular mechanobiology with the aim of identifying new targets for therapeutic interventions and stimulating the development of new pharmacological agents. Here, we present a novel method to assess mechanosignaling in adherent cardiac cells (murine HL-1 cell line) using a combination of isotropic cell stretch application and simultaneous Ca2+ fluorescence readout with quantitative analysis. The procedure implements our IsoStretcher technology in conjunction with a single-cell- and population-based analysis of Ca2+ signalling by means of automated image registration, cell segmentation and analysis, followed by automated classification of single-cell responses. The method is particularly valuable for assessing the heterogeneity of populations with distinct cellular responses to mechanical stimulation and provides more user-independent unbiased drug response classifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Merten
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
- School in Advanced Optical Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 6, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schöler
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
- School in Advanced Optical Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 6, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yang Guo
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, 405 Liverpool St, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, St Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Fabian Linsenmeier
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Boris Martinac
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, 405 Liverpool St, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, St Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
- School in Advanced Optical Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 6, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, 405 Liverpool St, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Sebastian Schürmann
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, 91052, Erlangen, Germany.
- School in Advanced Optical Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 6, 91052, Erlangen, Germany.
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2
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Abstract
PIEZO channels PIEZO1 and PIEZO2 are the newly identified mechanosensitive, non-selective cation channels permeable to Ca2+. In higher vertebrates, PIEZO1 is expressed ubiquitously in most tissues and cells while PIEZO2 is expressed more specifically in the peripheral sensory neurons. PIEZO channels contribute to a wide range of biological behaviors and developmental processes, therefore driving significant attention in the effort to understand their molecular properties. One prominent property of PIEZO channels is their rapid inactivation, which manifests itself as a decrease in channel open probability in the presence of a sustained mechanical stimulus. The lack of the PIEZO channel inactivation is linked to various mechanopathologies emphasizing the significance of studying this PIEZO channel property and the factors affecting it. In the present review, we discuss the mechanisms underlying the PIEZO channel inactivation, its modulation by the interaction of the channels with lipids and/or proteins, and how the changes in PIEZO inactivation by the channel mutations can cause a variety of diseases in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijing Zhou
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia;
| | - Boris Martinac
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia;
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
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3
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Sawada Y, Nomura T, Martinac B, Sokabe M. A novel force transduction pathway from a tension sensor to the gate in the mechano-gating of MscL channel. Front Chem 2023; 11:1175443. [PMID: 37347044 PMCID: PMC10279863 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1175443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacterial mechanosensitive channel of large conductance MscL is activated exclusively by increased tension in the membrane bilayer. Despite many proposed models for MscL opening, its precise mechano-gating mechanism, particularly how the received force at the tension sensor transmits to the gate remains incomplete. Previous studies have shown that along with amphipathic N-terminus located near the cytoplasmic surface of the membrane, Phe78 residue near the outer surface also acts as a "tension sensor," while Gly22 is a central constituent of the "hydrophobic gate." Present study focused on elucidating the force transmission mechanism from the sensor Phe78 in the outer transmembrane helix (TM2) to the gate in the inner transmembrane helix (TM1) of MscL by applying the patch clamp and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to the wild type MscL channel and its single mutants at the sensor (F78N), the gate (G22N) and their combination (G22N/F78N) double mutant. F78N MscL resulted in a severe loss-of-function, while G22N MscL caused a gain-of-function channel exhibiting spontaneous openings at the resting membrane tension. We initially speculated that the spontaneous opening in G22N mutant might occur without tension acting on Phe78 residue. To test this hypothesis, we examined the (G22N/F78N) double mutant, which unexpectedly exhibited neither spontaneous activity nor activity by a relatively high membrane tension. To understand the underlying mechanism, we conducted MD simulations and analyzed the force transduction pathway. Results showed that the mutation at the tension sensor (F78N) in TM2 caused decreased interaction of this residue not only with lipids, but also with a group of amino acids (Ile32-Leu36-Ile40) in the neighboring TM1 helix, which resulted in an inefficient force transmission to the gate-constituting amino acids on TM1. This change also induced a slight tilting of TM1 towards the membrane plane and decreased the size of the channel pore at the gate, which seems to be the major mechanism for the inhibition of spontaneous opening of the double mutant channel. More importantly, the newly identified interaction between the TM2 (Phe78) and adjacent TM1 (Ile32-Leu36-Ile40) helices seems to be an essential force transmitting mechanism for the stretch-dependent activation of MscL given that substitution of any one of these four amino acids with Asn resulted in severe loss-of-function MscL as reported in our previous work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Sawada
- Department of Physiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute of Materials Innovation, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nomura
- International Cooperative Research Project, Solution Oriented Research for Science and Technology (ICORP/SORST), Cell Mechanosensing, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Nagoya, Japan
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Mechanosensory Biophysics Laboratory, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- School of Human Science and Environment, University of Hyogo, Himeji, Japan
| | - Boris Martinac
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Mechanosensory Biophysics Laboratory, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Masahiro Sokabe
- Department of Physiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- International Cooperative Research Project, Solution Oriented Research for Science and Technology (ICORP/SORST), Cell Mechanosensing, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Nagoya, Japan
- Human Information Systems Laboratories, Kanazawa Institute of Technology, Hakusan, Ishikawa, Japan
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Henderson SW, Nakayama Y, Whitelaw ML, Bruning JB, Anderson PA, Tyerman SD, Ramesh SA, Martinac B, Yool AJ. Proteoliposomes reconstituted with human aquaporin-1 reveal novel single-ion-channel properties. Biophys Rep (N Y) 2023; 3:100100. [PMID: 36949749 PMCID: PMC10025285 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpr.2023.100100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Human aquaporin 1 (hAQP1) forms homotetrameric channels that facilitate fluxes of water and small solutes across cell membranes. In addition to water channel activity, hAQP1 displays non-selective monovalent cation-channel activity gated by intracellular cyclic GMP. Dual water and ion-channel activity of hAQP1, thought to regulate cell shape and volume, could offer a target for novel therapeutics relevant to controlling cancer cell invasiveness. This study probed properties of hAQP1 ion channels using proteoliposomes, which, unlike conventional cell-based systems such as Xenopus laevis oocytes, are relatively free of background ion channels. Histidine-tagged recombinant hAQP1 protein was synthesized and purified from the methylotrophic yeast, Pichia pastoris, and reconstituted into proteoliposomes for biophysical analyses. Osmotic water channel activity confirmed correct folding and channel assembly. Ion-channel activity of hAQP1-Myc-His6 was recorded by patch-clamp electrophysiology with excised patches. In symmetrical potassium, the hAQP1-Myc-His6 channels displayed coordinated gating, a single-channel conductance of approximately 75 pS, and multiple subconductance states. Applicability of this method for structure-function analyses was tested using hAQP1-Myc-His6 D48A/D185A channels modified by site-directed mutations of charged Asp residues estimated to be adjacent to the central ion-conducting pore of the tetramer. No differences in conductance were detected between mutant and wild-type constructs, suggesting the open-state conformation could differ substantially from expectations based on crystal structures. Nonetheless, the method pioneered here for AQP1 demonstrates feasibility for future work defining structure-function relationships, screening pharmacological inhibitors, and testing other classes in the broad family of aquaporins for previously undiscovered ion-conducting capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam W. Henderson
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Yoshitaka Nakayama
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, St Vincent’s Healthcare Clinical Campus, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Murray L. Whitelaw
- Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - John B. Bruning
- Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Peter A. Anderson
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Stephen D. Tyerman
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine & Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Sunita A. Ramesh
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Boris Martinac
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, St Vincent’s Healthcare Clinical Campus, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Andrea J. Yool
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Corresponding author
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Nakayama Y, Rohde PR, Martinac B. "Force-From-Lipids" Dependence of the MscCG Mechanosensitive Channel Gating on Anionic Membranes. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11010194. [PMID: 36677485 PMCID: PMC9861469 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensory transduction in Corynebacterium glutamicum plays a major role in glutamate efflux for industrial MSG, whose production depends on the activation of MscCG-type mechanosensitive channels. Dependence of the MscCG channel activation by membrane tension on the membrane lipid content has to date not been functionally characterized. Here, we report the MscCG channel patch clamp recording from liposomes fused with C. glutamicum membrane vesicles as well as from proteoliposomes containing the purified MscCG protein. Our recordings demonstrate that mechanosensitivity of MscCG channels depends significantly on the presence of negatively charged lipids in the proteoliposomes. MscCG channels in liposome preparations fused with native membrane vesicles exhibited the activation threshold similar to the channels recorded from C. glutamicum giant spheroplasts. In comparison, the activation threshold of the MscCG channels reconstituted into azolectin liposomes was higher than the activation threshold of E. coli MscL, which is gated by membrane tension close to the bilayer lytic tension. The spheroplast-like activation threshold was restored when the MscCG channels were reconstituted into liposomes made of E. coli polar lipid extract. In liposomes made of polar lipids mixed with synthetic phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and cardiolipin, the activation threshold of MscCG was significantly reduced compared to the activation threshold recorded in azolectin liposomes, which suggests the importance of anionic lipids for the channel mechanosensitivity. Moreover, the micropipette aspiration technique combined with patch fluorometry demonstrated that membranes containing anionic phosphatidylglycerol are softer than membranes containing only polar non-anionic phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. The difference in mechanosensitivity between C. glutamicum MscCG and canonical MscS of E. coli observed in proteoliposomes explains the evolutionary tuning of the force from lipids sensing in various bacterial membrane environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Nakayama
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney 2010, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent’s Clinical School, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2010, Australia
| | - Paul R. Rohde
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney 2010, Australia
| | - Boris Martinac
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney 2010, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent’s Clinical School, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2010, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-9295-8743
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6
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Silvani G, Romanov V, Martinac B. Sounding a New Era in Biomechanics with Acoustic Force Spectroscopy. Adv Exp Med Biol 2023; 1436:109-118. [PMID: 36571699 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The acoustic force spectroscopy (AFS) tool was recently introduced as a novel tool for probing mechanical properties of biomolecules, expanding the application of sound waves to high-throughput quantification of the mechanical properties of single cells. By using controlled acoustic forces in the piconewton to nanonewton range, tens to hundreds of cells functionalized by attached microspheres can simultaneously be stretched and tracked in real-time with sub millisecond time response. Since its first application, several studies have demonstrated the potential and versatility of the AFS for high-throughput measurements of force-induced molecular mechanisms, revealing insight into cellular biomechanics and mechanobiology at the molecular level. In this chapter, we describe the operation of the AFS starting with the underlying physical principles, followed by a run-down of experimental considerations, and finally leading to applications in molecular and cellular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Silvani
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Valentin Romanov
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Boris Martinac
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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7
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Bax M, Romanov V, Junday K, Giannoulatou E, Martinac B, Kovacic JC, Liu R, Iismaa SE, Graham RM. Arterial dissections: Common features and new perspectives. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1055862. [PMID: 36561772 PMCID: PMC9763901 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1055862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial dissections, which involve an abrupt tear in the wall of a major artery resulting in the intramural accumulation of blood, are a family of catastrophic disorders causing major, potentially fatal sequelae. Involving diverse vascular beds, including the aorta or coronary, cervical, pulmonary, and visceral arteries, each type of dissection is devastating in its own way. Traditionally they have been studied in isolation, rather than collectively, owing largely to the distinct clinical consequences of dissections in different anatomical locations - such as stroke, myocardial infarction, and renal failure. Here, we review the shared and unique features of these arteriopathies to provide a better understanding of this family of disorders. Arterial dissections occur commonly in the young to middle-aged, and often in conjunction with hypertension and/or migraine; the latter suggesting they are part of a generalized vasculopathy. Genetic studies as well as cellular and molecular investigations of arterial dissections reveal striking similarities between dissection types, particularly their pathophysiology, which includes the presence or absence of an intimal tear and vasa vasorum dysfunction as a cause of intramural hemorrhage. Pathway perturbations common to all types of dissections include disruption of TGF-β signaling, the extracellular matrix, the cytoskeleton or metabolism, as evidenced by the finding of mutations in critical genes regulating these processes, including LRP1, collagen genes, fibrillin and TGF-β receptors, or their coupled pathways. Perturbances in these connected signaling pathways contribute to phenotype switching in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells of the affected artery, in which their physiological quiescent state is lost and replaced by a proliferative activated phenotype. Of interest, dissections in various anatomical locations are associated with distinct sex and age predilections, suggesting involvement of gene and environment interactions in disease pathogenesis. Importantly, these cellular mechanisms are potentially therapeutically targetable. Consideration of arterial dissections as a collective pathology allows insight from the better characterized dissection types, such as that involving the thoracic aorta, to be leveraged to inform the less common forms of dissections, including the potential to apply known therapeutic interventions already clinically available for the former.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Bax
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Valentin Romanov
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Keerat Junday
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Eleni Giannoulatou
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Boris Martinac
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Jason C. Kovacic
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Cardiovascular Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Renjing Liu
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Siiri E. Iismaa
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert M. Graham
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
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8
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Yao M, Tijore A, Cheng D, Li JV, Hariharan A, Martinac B, Tran Van Nhieu G, Cox CD, Sheetz M. Force- and cell state-dependent recruitment of Piezo1 drives focal adhesion dynamics and calcium entry. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabo1461. [PMID: 36351022 PMCID: PMC9645726 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo1461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mechanosensing is an integral part of many physiological processes including stem cell differentiation, fibrosis, and cancer progression. Two major mechanosensing systems-focal adhesions and mechanosensitive ion channels-can convert mechanical features of the microenvironment into biochemical signals. We report here unexpectedly that the mechanosensitive calcium-permeable channel Piezo1, previously perceived to be diffusive on plasma membranes, binds to matrix adhesions in a force-dependent manner, promoting cell spreading, adhesion dynamics, and calcium entry in normal but not in most cancer cells tested except some glioblastoma lines. A linker domain in Piezo1 is needed for binding to adhesions, and overexpression of the domain blocks Piezo1 binding to adhesions, decreasing adhesion size and cell spread area. Thus, we suggest that Piezo1 is a previously unidentified component of focal adhesions in nontransformed cells that catalyzes adhesion maturation and growth through force-dependent calcium signaling, but this function is absent in most cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxi Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
- Corresponding author. (M.Y); (C.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Ajay Tijore
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
- Center for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Delfine Cheng
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Jinyuan Vero Li
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Anushya Hariharan
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
| | - Boris Martinac
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Guy Tran Van Nhieu
- Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Team Ca Signaling and Microbial Infections, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell–CNRS UMR9198–Inserm U1280, 1, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Charles D. Cox
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia
- Corresponding author. (M.Y); (C.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Michael Sheetz
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558
- Molecular MechanoMedicine Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Corresponding author. (M.Y); (C.C.); (M.S.)
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Martinac
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, St Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ching Kung
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and the Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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10
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Li J, Jamieson WD, Dimitriou P, Xu W, Rohde P, Martinac B, Baker M, Drinkwater BW, Castell OK, Barrow DA. Building programmable multicompartment artificial cells incorporating remotely activated protein channels using microfluidics and acoustic levitation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4125. [PMID: 35840619 PMCID: PMC9287423 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31898-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular compartments are functional units that support the metabolism within living cells, through spatiotemporal regulation of chemical reactions and biological processes. Consequently, as a step forward in the bottom-up creation of artificial cells, building analogous intracellular architectures is essential for the expansion of cell-mimicking functionality. Herein, we report the development of a droplet laboratory platform to engineer complex emulsion-based, multicompartment artificial cells, using microfluidics and acoustic levitation. Such levitated models provide free-standing, dynamic, definable droplet networks for the compartmentalisation of chemical species. Equally, they can be remotely operated with pneumatic, heating, and magnetic elements for post-processing, including the incorporation of membrane proteins; alpha-hemolysin; and mechanosensitive channel of large-conductance. The assembly of droplet networks is three-dimensionally patterned with fluidic input configurations determining droplet contents and connectivity, whilst acoustic manipulation can be harnessed to reconfigure the droplet network in situ. The mechanosensitive channel can be repeatedly activated and deactivated in the levitated artificial cell by the application of acoustic and magnetic fields to modulate membrane tension on demand. This offers possibilities beyond one-time chemically mediated activation to provide repeated, non-contact, control of membrane protein function. Collectively, this expands our growing capability to program and operate increasingly sophisticated artificial cells as life-like materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK.
| | - William D Jamieson
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Ave, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK
| | | | - Wen Xu
- Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University, Aberconway Building, Colum Dr, Cardiff, CF10 3EU, UK
| | - Paul Rohde
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, 405 Liverpool St, Darlinhurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Boris Martinac
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, 405 Liverpool St, Darlinhurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Matthew Baker
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Bruce W Drinkwater
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK.
| | - Oliver K Castell
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Ave, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK.
| | - David A Barrow
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK.
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11
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Bavi O, Zhou Z, Bavi N, Mehdi Vaez Allaei S, Cox CD, Martinac B. Asymmetric effects of amphipathic molecules on mechanosensitive channels. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9976. [PMID: 35705645 PMCID: PMC9200802 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14446-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensitive (MS) ion channels are primary transducers of mechanical force into electrical and/or chemical intracellular signals. Many diverse MS channel families have been shown to respond to membrane forces. As a result of this intimate relationship with the membrane and proximal lipids, amphipathic compounds exert significant effects on the gating of MS channels. Here, we performed all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and employed patch-clamp recording to investigate the effect of two amphipaths, Fluorouracil (5-FU) a chemotherapy agent, and the anaesthetic trifluoroethanol (TFE) on structurally distinct mechanosensitive channels. We show that these amphipaths have a profound effect on the bilayer order parameter as well as transbilayer pressure profile. We used bacterial mechanosensitive channels (MscL/MscS) and a eukaryotic mechanosensitive channel (TREK-1) as force-from-lipids reporters and showed that these amphipaths have differential effects on these channels depending on the amphipaths' size and shape as well as which leaflet of the bilayer they incorporate into. 5-FU is more asymmetric in shape and size than TFE and does not penetrate as deep within the bilayer as TFE. Thereby, 5-FU has a more profound effect on the bilayer and channel activity than TFE at much lower concentrations. We postulate that asymmetric effects of amphipathic molecules on mechanosensitive membrane proteins through the bilayer represents a general regulatory mechanism for these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Bavi
- grid.444860.a0000 0004 0600 0546Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zijing Zhou
- grid.1057.30000 0000 9472 3971Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010 Australia
| | - Navid Bavi
- grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - S. Mehdi Vaez Allaei
- grid.46072.370000 0004 0612 7950Department of Physics, University of Tehran, 1439955961 Tehran, Iran
| | - Charles D. Cox
- grid.1057.30000 0000 9472 3971Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010 Australia ,grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010 Australia
| | - B. Martinac
- grid.1057.30000 0000 9472 3971Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010 Australia ,grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010 Australia
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Fatkin
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia (D.F., C.D.C., B.M.).,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, Australia (D.F., C.D.C., B.M.).,Cardiology Department, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, Australia (D.F.)
| | - Charles D Cox
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia (D.F., C.D.C., B.M.).,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, Australia (D.F., C.D.C., B.M.)
| | - Boris Martinac
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia (D.F., C.D.C., B.M.).,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, Australia (D.F., C.D.C., B.M.)
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13
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Chow PH, Cox CD, Pei JV, Anabaraonye N, Nourmohammadi S, Henderson SW, Martinac B, Abdulmalik O, Yool AJ. Inhibition of the Aquaporin-1 Cation Conductance by Selected Furan Compounds Reduces Red Blood Cell Sickling. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:794791. [PMID: 35111062 PMCID: PMC8801817 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.794791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In sickle cell disease (SCD), the pathological shift of red blood cells (RBCs) into distorted morphologies under hypoxic conditions follows activation of a cationic leak current (Psickle) and cell dehydration. Prior work showed sickling was reduced by 5-hydroxylmethyl-2-furfural (5-HMF), which stabilized mutant hemoglobin and also blocked the Psickle current in RBCs, though the molecular basis of this 5-HMF-sensitive cation current remained a mystery. Work here is the first to test the hypothesis that Aquaporin-1 (AQP1) cation channels contribute to the monovalent component of Psickle. Human AQP1 channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes were evaluated for sensitivity to 5-HMF and four derivatives known to have differential efficacies in preventing RBC sickling. Ion conductances were measured by two-electrode voltage clamp, and osmotic water permeability by optical swelling assays. Compounds tested were: 5-HMF; 5-PMFC (5-(phenoxymethyl)furan-2-carbaldehyde); 5-CMFC (5-(4-chlorophenoxymethyl)furan-2-carbaldehyde); 5-NMFC (5-(2-nitrophenoxymethyl)-furan-2-carbaldehyde); and VZHE006 (tert-butyl (5-formylfuran-2-yl)methyl carbonate). The most effective anti-sickling agent, 5-PMFC, was the most potent inhibitor of the AQP1 ion conductance (98% block at 100 µM). The order of sensitivity of the AQP1 conductance to inhibition was 5-PMFC > VZHE006 > 5-CMFC ≥ 5-NMFC, which corresponded with effectiveness in protecting RBCs from sickling. None of the compounds altered AQP1 water channel activity. Combined application of a selective AQP1 ion channel blocker AqB011 (80 µM) with a selective hemoglobin modifying agent 5-NMFC (2.5 mM) increased anti-sickling effectiveness in red blood cells from human SCD patients. Another non-selective cation channel known to be expressed in RBCs, Piezo1, was unaffected by 2 mM 5-HMF. Results suggest that inhibition of AQP1 ion channels and capacity to modify hemoglobin are combined features of the most effective anti-sickling agents. Future therapeutics aimed at both targets could hold promise for improved treatments for SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pak Hin Chow
- Aquaporin Physiology and Drug Discovery Program, School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Charles D Cox
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Jinxin V Pei
- Research School of Biology, College of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Nancy Anabaraonye
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Saeed Nourmohammadi
- Aquaporin Physiology and Drug Discovery Program, School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sam W Henderson
- Aquaporin Physiology and Drug Discovery Program, School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Boris Martinac
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Osheiza Abdulmalik
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Andrea J Yool
- Aquaporin Physiology and Drug Discovery Program, School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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14
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Yu ZY, Gong H, Kesteven S, Guo Y, Wu J, Li J, Iismaa S, Kaidonis X, Graham RM, Cox CD, Feneley MP, Martinac B. Piezo1 and TRPM4 work in tandem to initiate cardiac hypertrophic signalling in response to pressure overload. Biophys J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.11.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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15
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Cox CD, Zhang Y, Martinac B, Walz T. Cyclodextrins increase membrane tension and are universal activators of mechanosensitive channels. Biophys J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.11.588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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16
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Zhou Z, Li JV, Martinac B, Cox CD. Loss-of-Function Piezo1 Mutations Display Altered Stability Driven by Ubiquitination and Proteasomal Degradation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:766416. [PMID: 34867393 PMCID: PMC8640252 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.766416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Missense mutations in the gene that encodes for the mechanically-gated ion channel Piezo1 have been linked to a number of diseases. Gain-of-function variants are linked to a hereditary anaemia and loss-of-function variants have been linked to generalized lymphatic dysplasia and bicuspid aortic valve. Two previously characterized mutations, S217L and G2029R, both exhibit reduced plasma membrane trafficking. Here we show that both mutations also display reduced stability and higher turnover rates than wild-type Piezo1 channels. This occurs through increased ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. Congruent with this, proteasome inhibition using N-acetyl-l-leucyl-l-leucyl-l-norleucinal (ALLN) reduced the degradation of both mutant proteins. While ALLN treatment could not rescue the function of S217L we show via multiple complementary methodologies that proteasome inhibition via ALLN treatment can not only prevent G2029R turnover but increase the membrane localized pool of this variant and the functional Piezo1 mechanosensitive currents. This data in combination with a precision medicine approach provides a new potential therapeutic avenue for the treatment of Piezo1 mediated channelopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijing Zhou
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jinyuan Vero Li
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Boris Martinac
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Charles D Cox
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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17
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Vero Li J, D Cox C, Martinac B. The anchor domain is critical for Piezo1 channel mechanosensitivity. Channels (Austin) 2021; 15:438-446. [PMID: 33975519 PMCID: PMC8118467 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2021.1923199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanosensitive channel Piezo1 is a crucial membrane mechanosensor ubiquitously expressed in mammalian cell types. Critical to its function in mechanosensory transduction is its ability to change conformation in response to applied mechanical force. Here, we interrogate the role of the anchor domain in the mechanically induced gating of human Piezo1 channels. Using the insertion of glycine residues at each corner of the triangular-shaped anchor domain to decouple this domain we provide evidence that the anchor is important in Piezo1 mechano-gating. Insertion of two extra glycine residues between the anchor and the outer helix of human Piezo1 causes abrogated inactivation and reduced mechanosensitivity. Whereas inserting two glycine residues at the apex of the anchor domain at the conserved amino acid P2113 causes the channel to be more sensitive to membrane forces. Correlation of stretch sensitivity with the volume of the neighboring amino acid, natively a phenylalanine (F2114), suggests this is caused by removal of steric hindrance on the inner pore-lining helix. Smaller volume amino acids at this residue increase sensitivity whereas larger volume reduces mechanosensitivity. The combined data show that the anchor domain is a critical region for Piezo1-mediated force transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Vero Li
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Charles D Cox
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Boris Martinac
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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18
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Zhang Y, Angiulli G, Martinac B, Cox CD, Walz T. Cyclodextrins for structural and functional studies of mechanosensitive channels. J Struct Biol X 2021; 5:100053. [PMID: 34816118 PMCID: PMC8593449 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjsbx.2021.100053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensitive (MS) channels that are activated by the 'force-from-lipids' (FFL) principle rest in the membrane in a closed state but open a transmembrane pore in response to changes in the transmembrane pressure profile. The molecular implementations of the FFL principle vary widely between different MS channel families. The function of MS channels is often studied by patch-clamp electrophysiology, in which mechanical force or amphipathic molecules are used to activate the channels. Structural studies of MS channels in states other than the closed resting state typically relied on the use of mutant channels. Cyclodextrins (CDs) were recently introduced as a relatively easy and convenient approach to generate membrane tension. The principle is that CDs chelate hydrophobic molecules and can remove lipids from membranes, thus forcing the remaining lipids to cover more surface area and creating tension for membrane proteins residing in the membranes. CDs can be used to study the structure of MS channels in a membrane under tension by using single-particle cryo-electron microscopy to image the channels in nanodiscs after incubation with CDs as well as to characterize the function of MS channels by using patch-clamp electrophysiology to record the effect of CDs on channels inserted into membrane patches excised from proteoliposomes. Importantly, because incubation of membrane patches with CDs results in the activation of MscL, an MS channel that opens only shortly before membrane rupture, CD-mediated lipid removal appears to generate sufficient force to open most if not all types of MS channels that follow the FFL principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Electron Microscopy, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gabriella Angiulli
- Laboratory of Molecular Electron Microscopy, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Boris Martinac
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Charles D. Cox
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas Walz
- Laboratory of Molecular Electron Microscopy, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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19
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Basirun C, Ferlazzo ML, Howell NR, Liu GJ, Middleton RJ, Martinac B, Narayanan SA, Poole K, Gentile C, Chou J. Microgravity × Radiation: A Space Mechanobiology Approach Toward Cardiovascular Function and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:750775. [PMID: 34778261 PMCID: PMC8586646 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.750775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in space exploration, supported by the accelerated technological advancements in the field. This has led to a new potential environment that humans could be exposed to in the very near future, and therefore an increasing request to evaluate the impact this may have on our body, including health risks associated with this endeavor. A critical component in regulating the human pathophysiology is represented by the cardiovascular system, which may be heavily affected in these extreme environments of microgravity and radiation. This mini review aims to identify the impact of microgravity and radiation on the cardiovascular system. Being able to understand the effect that comes with deep space explorations, including that of microgravity and space radiation, may also allow us to get a deeper understanding of the heart and ultimately our own basic physiological processes. This information may unlock new factors to consider with space exploration whilst simultaneously increasing our knowledge of the cardiovascular system and potentially associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carin Basirun
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Melanie L. Ferlazzo
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia
- Inserm, U1296 Unit, Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Nicholas R. Howell
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Guo-Jun Liu
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Ryan J. Middleton
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Boris Martinac
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S. Anand Narayanan
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Kate Poole
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carmine Gentile
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joshua Chou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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20
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Ridone P, Pandzic E, Vassalli M, Cox CD, Macmillan A, Gottlieb PA, Martinac B. Disruption of membrane cholesterol organization impairs the activity of PIEZO1 channel clusters. J Gen Physiol 2021; 152:151885. [PMID: 32582958 PMCID: PMC7398139 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201912515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The human mechanosensitive ion channel PIEZO1 is gated by membrane tension and regulates essential biological processes such as vascular development and erythrocyte volume homeostasis. Currently, little is known about PIEZO1 plasma membrane localization and organization. Using a PIEZO1-GFP fusion protein, we investigated whether cholesterol enrichment or depletion by methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MBCD) and disruption of membrane cholesterol organization by dynasore affects PIEZO1-GFP's response to mechanical force. Electrophysiological recordings in the cell-attached configuration revealed that MBCD caused a rightward shift in the PIEZO1-GFP pressure-response curve, increased channel latency in response to mechanical stimuli, and markedly slowed channel inactivation. The same effects were seen in native PIEZO1 in N2A cells. STORM superresolution imaging revealed that, at the nanoscale, PIEZO1-GFP channels in the membrane associate as clusters sensitive to membrane manipulation. Both cluster distribution and diffusion rates were affected by treatment with MBCD (5 mM). Supplementation of polyunsaturated fatty acids appeared to sensitize the PIEZO1-GFP response to applied pressure. Together, our results indicate that PIEZO1 function is directly dependent on the membrane composition and lateral organization of membrane cholesterol domains, which coordinate the activity of clustered PIEZO1 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Ridone
- The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Elvis Pandzic
- Biomedical Imaging Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Massimo Vassalli
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Genova, Italy
| | - Charles D Cox
- The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexander Macmillan
- Biomedical Imaging Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip A Gottlieb
- Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | - Boris Martinac
- The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
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21
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Guo Y, Yu ZY, Wu J, Gong H, Kesteven S, Iismaa SE, Chan AY, Holman S, Pinto S, Pironet A, Cox CD, Graham RM, Vennekens R, Feneley MP, Martinac B. The Ca 2+-activated cation channel TRPM4 is a positive regulator of pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. eLife 2021; 10:66582. [PMID: 34190686 PMCID: PMC8245133 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) occurs in response to pressure overload and remains the single most important clinical predictor of cardiac mortality. The molecular pathways in the induction of pressure overload LVH are potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Current treatments aim to remove the pressure overload stimulus for LVH, but do not completely reverse adverse cardiac remodelling. Although numerous molecular signalling steps in the induction of LVH have been identified, the initial step by which mechanical stretch associated with cardiac pressure overload is converted into a chemical signal that initiates hypertrophic signalling remains unresolved. In this study, we show that selective deletion of transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) channels in mouse cardiomyocytes results in an approximately 50% reduction in the LVH induced by transverse aortic constriction. Our results suggest that TRPM4 channel is an important component of the mechanosensory signalling pathway that induces LVH in response to pressure overload and represents a potential novel therapeutic target for the prevention of pathological LVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Guo
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.,Cardiac Physiology and Transplantation Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ze-Yan Yu
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.,Cardiac Physiology and Transplantation Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jianxin Wu
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hutao Gong
- Cardiac Physiology and Transplantation Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Scott Kesteven
- Cardiac Physiology and Transplantation Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Siiri E Iismaa
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrea Y Chan
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sara Holman
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Silvia Pinto
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,TRP Research Platform Leuven (TRPLe), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andy Pironet
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,TRP Research Platform Leuven (TRPLe), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Charles D Cox
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Robert M Graham
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rudi Vennekens
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,TRP Research Platform Leuven (TRPLe), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael P Feneley
- Cardiac Physiology and Transplantation Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Boris Martinac
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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22
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Yu ZY, Gong H, Wu J, Dai Y, Kesteven SH, Fatkin D, Martinac B, Graham RM, Feneley MP. Cardiac Gq Receptors and Calcineurin Activation Are Not Required for the Hypertrophic Response to Mechanical Left Ventricular Pressure Overload. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:639509. [PMID: 33659256 PMCID: PMC7917224 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.639509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale Gq-coupled receptors are thought to play a critical role in the induction of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) secondary to pressure overload, although mechano-sensitive channel activation by a variety of mechanisms has also been proposed, and the relative importance of calcineurin- and calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII)-dependent hypertrophic pathways remains controversial. Objective To determine the mechanisms regulating the induction of LVH in response to mechanical pressure overload. Methods and Results Transgenic mice with cardiac-targeted inhibition of Gq-coupled receptors (GqI mice) and their non-transgenic littermates (NTL) were subjected to neurohumoral stimulation (continuous, subcutaneous angiotensin II (AngII) infusion for 14 days) or mechanical pressure overload (transverse aortic arch constriction (TAC) for 21 days) to induce LVH. Candidate signaling pathway activation was examined. As expected, LVH observed in NTL mice with AngII infusion was attenuated in heterozygous (GqI+/-) mice and absent in homozygous (GqI-/-) mice. In contrast, LVH due to TAC was unaltered by either heterozygous or homozygous Gq inhibition. Gene expression of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and α-skeletal actin (α-SA) was increased 48 h after AngII infusion or TAC in NTL mice; in GqI mice, the increases in ANP, BNP and α-SA in response to AngII were completely absent, as expected, but all three increased after TAC. Increased nuclear translocation of nuclear factor of activated T-cells c4 (NFATc4), indicating calcineurin pathway activation, occurred in NTL mice with AngII infusion but not TAC, and was prevented in GqI mice infused with AngII. Nuclear and cytoplasmic CaMKIIδ levels increased in both NTL and GqI mice after TAC but not AngII infusion, with increased cytoplasmic phospho- and total histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) and increased nuclear myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) levels. Conclusion Cardiac Gq receptors and calcineurin activation are required for neurohumorally mediated LVH but not for LVH induced by mechanical pressure overload (TAC). Rather, TAC-induced LVH is associated with activation of the CaMKII-HDAC4-MEF2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Yan Yu
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,Cardiology Department, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hutao Gong
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Jianxin Wu
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Yun Dai
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Scott H Kesteven
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Diane Fatkin
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,Cardiology Department, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Boris Martinac
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert M Graham
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,Cardiology Department, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael P Feneley
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,Cardiology Department, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Silvani G, Romanov V, Cox CD, Martinac B. Biomechanical Characterization of Endothelial Cells Exposed to Shear Stress Using Acoustic Force Spectroscopy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:612151. [PMID: 33614612 PMCID: PMC7891662 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.612151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterizing mechanical properties of cells is important for understanding many cellular processes, such as cell movement, shape, and growth, as well as adaptation to changing environments. In this study, we explore the mechanical properties of endothelial cells that form the biological barrier lining blood vessels, whose dysfunction leads to development of many cardiovascular disorders. Stiffness of living endothelial cells was determined by Acoustic Force Spectroscopy (AFS), by pull parallel multiple functionalized microspheres located at the cell-cell periphery. The unique configuration of the acoustic microfluidic channel allowed us to develop a long-term dynamic culture protocol exposing cells to laminar flow for up to 48 h, with shear stresses in the physiological range (i.e., 6 dyn/cm2). Two different Endothelial cells lines, Human Aortic Endothelial Cells (HAECs) and Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs), were investigated to show the potential of this tool to capture the change in cellular mechanical properties during maturation of a confluent endothelial monolayer. Immunofluorescence microscopy was exploited to follow actin filament rearrangement and junction formation over time. For both cell types we found that the application of shear-stress promotes the typical phenotype of a mature endothelium expressing a linear pattern of VE-cadherin at the cell-cell border and actin filament rearrangement along the perimeter of Endothelial cells. A staircase-like sequence of increasing force steps, ranging from 186 pN to 3.5 nN, was then applied in a single measurement revealing the force-dependent apparent stiffness of the membrane cortex in the kPa range. We also found that beads attached to cells cultured under dynamic conditions were harder to displace than cells cultured under static conditions, showing a stiffer membrane cortex at cell periphery. All together these results demonstrate that the AFS can identify changes in cell mechanics based on force measurements of adherent cells under conditions mimicking their native microenvironment, thus revealing the shear stress dependence of the mechanical properties of neighboring endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Silvani
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Charles D. Cox
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Boris Martinac
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Romanov V, Silvani G, Zhu H, Cox CD, Martinac B. An Acoustic Platform for Single-Cell, High-Throughput Measurements of the Viscoelastic Properties of Cells. Small 2021; 17:e2005759. [PMID: 33326190 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cellular processes including adhesion, migration, and differentiation are governed by the distinct mechanical properties of each cell. Importantly, the mechanical properties of individual cells can vary depending on local physical and biochemical cues in a time-dependent manner resulting in significant inter-cell heterogeneity. While several different methods have been developed to interrogate the mechanical properties of single cells, throughput to capture this heterogeneity remains an issue. Here, single-cell, high-throughput characterization of adherent cells is demonstrated using acoustic force spectroscopy (AFS). AFS works by simultaneously, acoustically driving tens to hundreds of silica beads attached to cells away from the cell surface, allowing the user to measure the stiffness of adherent cells under multiple experimental conditions. It is shown that cells undergo marked changes in viscoelasticity as a function of temperature, by altering the temperature within the AFS microfluidic circuit between 21 and 37 °C. In addition, quantitative differences in cells exposed to different pharmacological treatments specifically targeting the membrane-cytoskeleton interface are shown. Further, the high-throughput format of the AFS is utilized to rapidly probe, in excess of 1000 cells, three different cell lines expressing different levels of a mechanosensitive protein, Piezo1, demonstrating the ability to differentiate between cells based on protein expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Romanov
- Department of Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Giulia Silvani
- Department of Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Huiyu Zhu
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Charles D Cox
- Department of Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Boris Martinac
- Department of Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
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25
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Guo Y, Merten AL, Schöler U, Yu ZY, Cvetkovska J, Fatkin D, Feneley MP, Martinac B, Friedrich O. In vitro cell stretching technology (IsoStretcher) as an approach to unravel Piezo1-mediated cardiac mechanotransduction. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 2021; 159:22-33. [PMID: 32763257 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The transformation of electrical signals into mechanical action of the heart underlying blood circulation results in mechanical stimuli during active contraction or passive filling distention, which conversely modulate electrical signals. This feedback mechanism is known as cardiac mechano-electric coupling (MEC). The cardiac MEC involves complex activation of mechanical biosensors initiating short-term and long-term effects through Ca2+ signals in cardiomyocytes in acute and chronic pressure overload scenarios (e.g. cardiac hypertrophy). Although it is largely still unknown how mechanical forces alter cardiac function at the molecular level, mechanosensitive channels, including the recently discovered family of Piezo channels, have been thought to play a major role in the cardiac MEC and are also suspected to contribute to development of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. The earliest reports of mechanosensitive channel activity recognized that their gating could be controlled by membrane stretch. In this article, we provide an overview of the stretch devices, which have been employed for studies of the effects of mechanical stimuli on muscle and heart cells. We also describe novel experiments examining the activity of Piezo1 channels under multiaxial stretch applied using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stretch chambers and IsoStretcher technology to achieve isotropic stretching stimulation to cultured HL-1 cardiac muscle cells which express an appreciable amount of Piezo1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Guo
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; Cardiac Physiology and Transplantation Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anna-Lena Merten
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany; School in Advanced Optical Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany; Muscle Research Center Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schöler
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany; School in Advanced Optical Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany; Muscle Research Center Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ze-Yan Yu
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; Cardiac Physiology and Transplantation Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jasmina Cvetkovska
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Diane Fatkin
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Cardiology, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael P Feneley
- Cardiac Physiology and Transplantation Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Cardiology, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Boris Martinac
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany; School in Advanced Optical Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany; Muscle Research Center Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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26
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Kawasaki H, Martinac B. Mechanosensitive channels of Corynebacterium glutamicum functioning as exporters of l-glutamate and other valuable metabolites. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2020; 59:77-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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27
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Buyan A, Cox CD, Barnoud J, Li J, Chan HSM, Martinac B, Marrink SJ, Corry B. Piezo1 Forms Specific, Functionally Important Interactions with Phosphoinositides and Cholesterol. Biophys J 2020; 119:1683-1697. [PMID: 32949489 PMCID: PMC7642233 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Touch, hearing, and blood pressure regulation require mechanically gated ion channels that convert mechanical stimuli into electrical currents. One such channel is Piezo1, which plays a key role in the transduction of mechanical stimuli in humans and is implicated in diseases, such as xerocytosis and lymphatic dysplasia. There is building evidence that suggests Piezo1 can be regulated by the membrane environment, with the activity of the channel determined by the local concentration of lipids, such as cholesterol and phosphoinositides. To better understand the interaction of Piezo1 with its environment, we conduct simulations of the protein in a complex mammalian bilayer containing more than 60 different lipid types together with electrophysiology and mutagenesis experiments. We find that the protein alters its local membrane composition, enriching specific lipids and forming essential binding sites for phosphoinositides and cholesterol that are functionally relevant and often related to Piezo1-mediated pathologies. We also identify a number of key structural connections between the propeller and pore domains located close to lipid-binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Buyan
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, Australia
| | - Charles D Cox
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, New South Wales, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Jonathan Barnoud
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jinyuan Li
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hannah S M Chan
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, Australia
| | - Boris Martinac
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, New South Wales, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Siewert J Marrink
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ben Corry
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, Australia.
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28
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Cox CD, Bavi N, Martinac B. Biophysical Principles of Ion-Channel-Mediated Mechanosensory Transduction. Cell Rep 2020; 29:1-12. [PMID: 31577940 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent rapid progress in the field of mechanobiology has been driven by novel emerging tools and methodologies and growing interest from different scientific disciplines. Specific progress has been made toward understanding how cell mechanics is linked to intracellular signaling and the regulation of gene expression in response to a variety of mechanical stimuli. There is a direct link between the mechanoreceptors at the cell surface and intracellular biochemical signaling, which in turn controls downstream effector molecules. Among the mechanoreceptors in the cell membrane, mechanosensitive (MS) ion channels are essential for the ultra-rapid (millisecond) transduction of mechanical stimuli into biologically relevant signals. The three decades of research on mechanosensitive channels resulted in the formulation of two basic principles of mechanosensitive channel gating: force-from-lipids and force-from-filament. In this review, we revisit the biophysical principles that underlie the innate force-sensing ability of mechanosensitive channels as contributors to the force-dependent evolution of life forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles D Cox
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Navid Bavi
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Boris Martinac
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia.
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29
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Patkunarajah A, Stear JH, Moroni M, Schroeter L, Blaszkiewicz J, Tearle JLE, Cox CD, Fürst C, Sánchez-Carranza O, Ocaña Fernández MDÁ, Fleischer R, Eravci M, Weise C, Martinac B, Biro M, Lewin GR, Poole K. TMEM87a/Elkin1, a component of a novel mechanoelectrical transduction pathway, modulates melanoma adhesion and migration. eLife 2020; 9:53308. [PMID: 32228863 PMCID: PMC7173973 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanoelectrical transduction is a cellular signalling pathway where physical stimuli are converted into electro-chemical signals by mechanically activated ion channels. We describe here the presence of mechanically activated currents in melanoma cells that are dependent on TMEM87a, which we have renamed Elkin1. Heterologous expression of this protein in PIEZO1-deficient cells, that exhibit no baseline mechanosensitivity, is sufficient to reconstitute mechanically activated currents. Melanoma cells lacking functional Elkin1 exhibit defective mechanoelectrical transduction, decreased motility and increased dissociation from organotypic spheroids. By analysing cell adhesion properties, we demonstrate that Elkin1 deletion is associated with increased cell-substrate adhesion and decreased homotypic cell-cell adhesion strength. We therefore conclude that Elkin1 supports a PIEZO1-independent mechanoelectrical transduction pathway and modulates cellular adhesions and regulates melanoma cell migration and cell-cell interactions. When cells receive signals about their surrounding environment, this initiates a chain of signals which generate a response. Some of these signalling pathways allow cells to sense physical and mechanical forces via a process called mechanotransduction. There are different types of mechanotransduction. In one pathway, mechanical forces open up specialized channels on the cell surface which allow charged particles to move across the membrane and create an electrical current. Mechanoelectrical transduction plays an important role in the spread of cancer: as cancer cells move away from a tumour they use these signalling pathways to find their way between cells and move into other parts of the body. Understanding these pathways could reveal ways to stop cancer from spreading, making it easier to treat. However, it remains unclear which molecules regulate mechanoelectrical transduction in cancer cells. Now, Patkunarajah, Stear et al. have studied whether mechanoelectrical transduction is involved in the migration of skin cancer cells. To study mechanoelectrical transduction, a fine mechanical input was applied to the skin cancer cells whilst measuring the flow of charged molecules moving across the membrane. This experiment revealed that a previously unknown protein named Elkin1 is required to convert mechanical forces into electrical currents. Deleting this newly found protein caused skin cancer cells to move more slowly and dissociate more easily from tumour-like clusters of cells. These findings suggest that Elkin1 is part of a newly identified mechanotransduction pathway that allows cells to sense mechanical forces from their surrounding environment. More work is needed to determine what role Elkin1 plays in mechanoelectrical transduction and whether other proteins are also involved. This could lead to new approaches that prevent cancer cells from dissociating from tumours and spreading to other body parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrutha Patkunarajah
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Cellular and Systems Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jeffrey H Stear
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Mirko Moroni
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Lioba Schroeter
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Cellular and Systems Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Jacqueline LE Tearle
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Charles D Cox
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Carina Fürst
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | | | | | - Raluca Fleischer
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Murat Eravci
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Weise
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Boris Martinac
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Maté Biro
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gary R Lewin
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Kate Poole
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Cellular and Systems Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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30
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Nikolaev Y, Cox CD, Ridone P, Rohde PR, Cordero-Morales JF, Vasquez V, Laver DR, Martinac B. Mammalian TRP Ion Channels are Insensitive to Membrane Stretch. Biophys J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.11.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Xue F, Cox CD, Bavi N, Rohde PR, Nakayama Y, Martinac B. Membrane stiffness is one of the key determinants of E. coli MscS channel mechanosensitivity. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2020; 1862:183203. [PMID: 31981589 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mechanosensitive (MS) channels have an intimate relationship with membrane lipids that underlie their mechanosensitivity. Membrane lipids may influence channel activity by directly interacting with MS channels or by influencing the global properties of the membrane such as elastic area expansion modulus or bending rigidity. Previous work has implicated membrane stiffness as a potential determinant of the mechanosensitivity of E. coli (Ec)MscS. Here we systematically tested this hypothesis using patch fluorometry of azolectin liposomes doped with lipids of increasing elastic area expansion modulus. Increasing dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) content of azolectin liposomes made it more difficult to activate EcMscS by membrane tension (i.e. increased gating threshold). This effect was exacerbated by stiffer forms of phosphatidylethanolamine such as the branched chain lipid diphytanoylphosphoethanolamine (DPhPE) or the fully saturated lipid distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DSPE). Furthermore, a comparison of the branched chain lipid diphytanoylphosphocholine (DPhPC) to the stiffer DPhPE indicated again that it was harder to activate EcMscS in the presence of the stiffer DPhPE. We show that these effects are not due to changes in membrane bending rigidity as the membrane tension threshold of EcMscS in membranes doped with PC18:1 and PC18:3 remained the same, despite a two-fold difference in their bending rigidity. We also show that after prolonged pressure application sudden removal of force in softer membranes caused a rebound reactivation of EcMscS and we discuss the relevance of this phenomenon to bacterial osmoregulation. Collectively, our data suggests that membrane stiffness (elastic area expansion modulus) is one of the key determinants of the mechanosensitivity of EcMscS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xue
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, 405 Liverpool St., Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Charles D Cox
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, 405 Liverpool St., Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Navid Bavi
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Paul R Rohde
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, 405 Liverpool St., Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Yoshitaka Nakayama
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, 405 Liverpool St., Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia.
| | - Boris Martinac
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, 405 Liverpool St., Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia.
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Martinac B, Nikolaev YA, Silvani G, Bavi N, Romanov V, Nakayama Y, Martinac AD, Rohde P, Bavi O, Cox CD. Cell membrane mechanics and mechanosensory transduction. Membrane Biomechanics 2020; 86:83-141. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Nikolaev YA, Cox CD, Ridone P, Rohde PR, Cordero-Morales JF, Vásquez V, Laver DR, Martinac B. Mammalian TRP ion channels are insensitive to membrane stretch. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs238360. [PMID: 31722978 PMCID: PMC6918743 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.238360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
TRP channels of the transient receptor potential ion channel superfamily are involved in a wide variety of mechanosensory processes, including touch sensation, pain, blood pressure regulation, bone loading and detection of cerebrospinal fluid flow. However, in many instances it is unclear whether TRP channels are the primary transducers of mechanical force in these processes. In this study, we tested stretch activation of eleven TRP channels from six mammalian subfamilies. We found that these TRP channels were insensitive to short membrane stretches in cellular systems. Furthermore, we purified TRPC6 and demonstrated its insensitivity to stretch in liposomes, an artificial bilayer system free from cellular components. Additionally, we demonstrated that, when expressed in C. elegans neurons, mouse TRPC6 restores the mechanoresponse of a touch insensitive mutant but requires diacylglycerol for activation. These results strongly suggest that the mammalian members of the TRP ion channel family are insensitive to tension induced by cell membrane stretching and, thus, are more likely to be activated by cytoplasmic tethers or downstream components and to act as amplifiers of cellular mechanosensory signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury A Nikolaev
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney 2010, Australia
- Human Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2308, Australia
| | - Charles D Cox
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney 2010, Australia
| | - Pietro Ridone
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney 2010, Australia
| | - Paul R Rohde
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney 2010, Australia
| | - Julio F Cordero-Morales
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis 38163, USA
| | - Valeria Vásquez
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis 38163, USA
| | - Derek R Laver
- Human Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2308, Australia
| | - Boris Martinac
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
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Abstract
An increase in post-synaptic Ca2+ conductance through activation of the ionotropic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and concomitant structural changes are essential for the initiation of long-term potentiation (LTP) and memory formation. Memories can be initiated by coincident events, as occurs in classical conditioning, where the NMDAR can act as a molecular coincidence detector. Binding of glutamate and glycine, together with depolarization of the postsynaptic cell membrane to remove the Mg2+ channel pore block, results in NMDAR opening for Ca2+ conductance. Accumulating evidence has implicated both force-from-lipids and protein tethering mechanisms for mechanosensory transduction in NMDAR, which has been demonstrated by both, membrane stretch and application of amphipathic molecules such as arachidonic acid (AA). The contribution of mechanosensitivity to memory formation and consolidation may be to increase activity of the NMDAR leading to facilitated memory formation. In this review we look back at the progress made toward understanding the physiological and pathological role of NMDA receptor channels in mechanobiology of the nervous system and consider these findings in like of their potential functional implications for memory formation. We examine recent studies identifying mechanisms of both NMDAR and other mechanosensitive channels and discuss functional implications including gain control of NMDA opening probability. Mechanobiology is a rapidly growing area of biology with many important implications for understanding form, function and pathology in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke R Johnson
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,Division of Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew R Battle
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Prince Charles Hospital Northside Clinical Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Boris Martinac
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
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Abstract
PIEZO1 is a bona fide mammalian mechanically activated channel that has recently been shown to provide instructive cues during neuronal specification, texture sensing, and cell migration where mechanical inputs arise at the interface between the cells and their substrate. Here, we have investigated whether the mechanical properties of the substrate alone can modulate PIEZO1 activity, in response to exogenously applied stimuli, using elastomeric pillar arrays as force transducers. This methodology enables application of mechanical stimuli at cell-substrate contact points by deflecting individual pili. We found that PIEZO1 is more sensitive to substrate deflections with increased spacing between pili (reducing surface roughness) but not on more stiff substrates. Cellular contractility was required for the sensitization of PIEZO1 but was not essential for PIEZO1 activation. Computational modeling suggested that the membrane tension changes generated by pillar deflections were below the membrane tension changes that arise from cellular indentation or high-speed pressure clamp assays. We conclude that the mechanics of the microenvironment can modulate PIEZO1 signaling, highlighting the importance of studying channel activation directly at the cell-substrate interface. We propose that forces arising from actin-mediated contractility and within the lipid bilayer act synergistically to regulate PIEZO1 activation by stimuli applied at contacts between cells and their surroundings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Bavi
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences , University of New South Wales , Sydney , NSW 2052 , Australia
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics , The University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
- Cellular and Systems Physiology, School of Medical Sciences , University of New South Wales , Sydney , NSW 2052 , Australia
| | - Jessica Richardson
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences , University of New South Wales , Sydney , NSW 2052 , Australia
- Cellular and Systems Physiology, School of Medical Sciences , University of New South Wales , Sydney , NSW 2052 , Australia
| | - Celine Heu
- Biomedical Imaging Facility , University of New South Wales , Sydney , NSW 2052 , Australia
| | - Boris Martinac
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division , Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute , Darlinghurst , NSW 2010 , Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine , University of New South Wales , Darlinghurst , NSW 2010 , Australia
| | - Kate Poole
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences , University of New South Wales , Sydney , NSW 2052 , Australia
- Cellular and Systems Physiology, School of Medical Sciences , University of New South Wales , Sydney , NSW 2052 , Australia
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36
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Abstract
Mechanosensitive (MS) ion channels are integral membrane proteins which play a crucial role in fast signaling during mechanosensory transduction processes in living cells. They are ubiquitous and old in the evolutionary sense, given their presence in cells from all three kingdoms of life found on Earth, including bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic organisms. As molecular transducers of mechanical force, MS channels are activated by mechanical stimuli exerted on cellular membranes, upon which they rapidly and efficiently convert these stimuli into electrical, osmotic, and/or chemical intracellular signals. Most of what we know about the gating mechanisms of MS channels comes from the work carried out on bacterial channels. However, recent progress resulting from identification and structural information of eukaryotic K2P-type TREK and TRAAK as well as Piezo1 and Piezo2 MS channels has greatly contributed to our understanding of the common biophysical principles underlying the gating mechanism and evolutionary origins of these fascinating membrane proteins. Using Piezo1 channels as an example, we briefly describe in this review what we have learned about their biophysics, physiological functions, and potential roles in "mechanopathologies."
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Ridone
- Mechanosensory Biophysics Laboratory, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, 405 Liverpool St, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Massimo Vassalli
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Genoa, Italy
| | - Boris Martinac
- Mechanosensory Biophysics Laboratory, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, 405 Liverpool St, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.
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Abstract
Mechanosensitive ion channels are membrane gated pores which are activated by mechanical stimuli. The focus of this study is on Piezo1, a newly discovered, large, mammalian, mechanosensitive ion channel, which has been linked to diseases such as dehydrated hereditary stomatocytosis (Xerocytosis) and lymphatic dysplasia. Here we utilize an established in-vitro artificial bilayer system to interrogate single Piezo1 channel activity. The droplet-hydrogel bilayer (DHB) system uniquely allows the simultaneous recording of electrical activity and fluorescence imaging of labelled protein. We successfully reconstituted fluorescently labelled Piezo1 ion channels in DHBs and verified activity using electrophysiology in the same system. We demonstrate successful insertion and activation of hPiezo1-GFP in bilayers of varying composition. Furthermore, we compare the Piezo1 bilayer reconstitution with measurements of insertion and activation of KcsA channels to reproduce the channel conductances reported in the literature. Together, our results showcase the use of DHBs for future experiments allowing simultaneous measurements of ion channel gating while visualising the channel proteins using fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar B Jaggers
- a School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science , UNSW , Kensington , Australia.,b Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute , Darlinghurst , Australia
| | - Pietro Ridone
- b Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute , Darlinghurst , Australia
| | - Boris Martinac
- b Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute , Darlinghurst , Australia
| | - Matthew A B Baker
- a School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science , UNSW , Kensington , Australia
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Almanjahie IM, Khan RN, Milne RK, Nomura T, Martinac B. Moving average filtering with deconvolution (MAD) for hidden Markov model with filtering and correlated noise. Eur Biophys J 2019; 48:383-393. [PMID: 31028435 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-019-01368-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ion channel data recorded using the patch clamp technique are low-pass filtered to remove high-frequency noise. Almanjahie et al. (Eur Biophys J 44:545-556, 2015) based statistical analysis of such data on a hidden Markov model (HMM) with a moving average adjustment for the filter but without correlated noise, and used the EM algorithm for parameter estimation. In this paper, we extend their model to include correlated noise, using signal processing methods and deconvolution to pre-whiten the noise. The resulting data can be modelled as a standard HMM and parameter estimates are again obtained using the EM algorithm. We evaluate this approach using simulated data and also apply it to real data obtained from the mechanosensitive channel of large conductance (MscL) in Escherichia coli. Estimates of mean conductances are comparable to literature values. The key advantages of this method are that it is much simpler and computationally considerably more efficient than currently used HMM methods that include filtering and correlated noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim M Almanjahie
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.,Department of Mathematics, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramzan Nazim Khan
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Robin K Milne
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Takeshi Nomura
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kyushu Nutrition Welfare University, Kitakyushu, 800-029, Japan
| | - Boris Martinac
- Mechanosensory Biophysics Laboratory, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
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39
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Friedrich O, Merten AL, Schneidereit D, Guo Y, Schürmann S, Martinac B. Stretch in Focus: 2D Inplane Cell Stretch Systems for Studies of Cardiac Mechano-Signaling. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:55. [PMID: 30972334 PMCID: PMC6445849 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanobiology is a rapidly growing interdisciplinary research field, involving biophysics, molecular and cell biology, biomedical engineering, and medicine. Rapid progress has been possible due to emerging devices and tools engineered for studies of the effect of mechanical forces, such as stretch or shear force, impacting on biological cells and tissues. In response to such mechanical stimuli, cells possess various mechanosensors among which mechanosensitive ion channels are molecular transducers designed to convert mechanical stimuli into electrical and/or biochemical intracellular signals on millisecond time scales. To study their role in cellular signaling pathways, devices have been engineered that enable application of different strain protocols to cells allowing for determination of the stress-strain relationship or other, preferably optical, readouts. Frequently, these devices are mounted on fluorescence microscopes, allowing simultaneous investigation of cellular mechanotransduction processes combined with live-cell imaging. Mechanical stress in organs/tissues can be complex and multiaxial, e.g., in hollow organs, like lung alveoli, bladder, or the heart. Therefore, biomedical engineers have, in recent years, developed devices based on elastomeric membranes for application of biaxial or multiaxial stretch to 2D substrate-adhered or even 3D-embedded cells. Here, we review application of stretch technologies to cellular mechanotransduction with a focus on cardiovascular systems. We also present new results obtained by our IsoStretcher device to examine mechanosensitivity of adult ventricular cardiomyocytes. We show that sudden isotropic stretch of cardiomyocytes can already trigger arrhythmic Ca2+ transients on the single cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Mechanosensory Biophysics Laboratory, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Muscle Research Center Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Merten
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Muscle Research Center Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dominik Schneidereit
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Muscle Research Center Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yang Guo
- Mechanosensory Biophysics Laboratory, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Sebastian Schürmann
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Boris Martinac
- Mechanosensory Biophysics Laboratory, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
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40
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Nakayama Y, Komazawa K, Bavi N, Hashimoto KI, Kawasaki H, Martinac B. Evolutionary Specialization of Corynebacterium glutamicum MscCG, an Mscs-Like Mechanosensitive Channel, in Glutamate Export. Biophys J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.11.2055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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41
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Ridone P, Pandzic E, Vassalli M, Cox CD, Macmillan AM, Gottlieb PA, Martinac B. Cholesterol-Dependent Piezo1 Clusters are Essential for Efficient Cellular Mechanotransduction. Biophys J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.11.2050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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42
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Nakayama Y, Hashimoto KI, Sawada Y, Sokabe M, Kawasaki H, Martinac B. Corynebacterium glutamicum mechanosensitive channels: towards unpuzzling "glutamate efflux" for amino acid production. Biophys Rev 2018; 10:1359-1369. [PMID: 30209745 PMCID: PMC6233337 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-018-0452-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium glutamicum has been utilized for industrial amino acid production, especially for monosodium glutamate (MSG), the food-additive for the "UMAMI" category of taste sensation, which is one of the five human basic tastes. Glutamate export from these cells is facilitated by the opening of mechanosensitive channels in the cell membrane within the bacterial cell envelope following specific treatments, such as biotin limitation, addition of Tween 40 or penicillin. A long-unsolved puzzle still remains how and why C. glutamicum mechanosensitive channels are activated by these treatments to export glutamate. Unlike mechanosensitive channels in other bacteria, these channels are not simply osmotic safety valves that prevent these bacteria from bursting upon a hypo-osmotic shock. They also function as metabolic valves to continuously release glutamate as components of a pump-and-leak mechanism regulating the cellular turgor pressure. Recent studies have demonstrated that the opening of the mechanosensitive channel, MscCG, mainly facilitates the efflux of glutamate and not of other amino acids and that the "force-from-lipids" gating mechanism of channels also applies to the MscCG channel. The bacterial types of mechanosensitive channels are found in cell-walled organisms from bacteria to land plants, where their physiological functions have been specialized beyond their basic function in bacterial osmoregulation. In the case of the C. glutamicum MscCG channels, they have evolved to function as specialized glutamate exporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Nakayama
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, 405 Liverpool Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.
| | - Ken-Ichi Hashimoto
- Department of Green and Sustainable Chemistry, Tokyo Denki University, 5 Asahi-cho, Senju, Adachi-ku, Tokyo, 120-8551, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sawada
- Mechanobiology Laboratory, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sokabe
- Mechanobiology Laboratory, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hisashi Kawasaki
- Department of Green and Sustainable Chemistry, Tokyo Denki University, 5 Asahi-cho, Senju, Adachi-ku, Tokyo, 120-8551, Japan
| | - Boris Martinac
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, 405 Liverpool Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
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43
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Martinac B, Bavi N, Ridone P, Nikolaev YA, Martinac AD, Nakayama Y, Rohde PR, Bavi O. Tuning ion channel mechanosensitivity by asymmetry of the transbilayer pressure profile. Biophys Rev 2018; 10:1377-1384. [PMID: 30182202 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-018-0450-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical stimuli acting on the cellular membrane are linked to intracellular signaling events and downstream effectors via different mechanoreceptors. Mechanosensitive (MS) ion channels are the fastest known primary mechano-electrical transducers, which convert mechanical stimuli into meaningful intracellular signals on a submillisecond time scale. Much of our understanding of the biophysical principles that underlie and regulate conversion of mechanical force into conformational changes in MS channels comes from studies based on MS channel reconstitution into lipid bilayers. The bilayer reconstitution methods have enabled researchers to investigate the structure-function relationship in MS channels and probe their specific interactions with their membrane lipid environment. This brief review focuses on close interactions between MS channels and the lipid bilayer and emphasizes the central role that the transbilayer pressure profile plays in mechanosensitivity and gating of these fascinating membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Martinac
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, 405 Liverpool St, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.
| | - Navid Bavi
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Pietro Ridone
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, 405 Liverpool St, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Yury A Nikolaev
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- Dept. of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8026, USA
| | - Adam D Martinac
- NeuRA, Margarete Ainsworth Building, Barker St, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Yoshitaka Nakayama
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Paul R Rohde
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Omid Bavi
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, 7155713876, Iran
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Nakayama Y, Komazawa K, Bavi N, Hashimoto KI, Kawasaki H, Martinac B. Evolutionary specialization of MscCG, an MscS-like mechanosensitive channel, in amino acid transport in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12893. [PMID: 30150671 PMCID: PMC6110860 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31219-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
MscCG, a mechanosensitive channel of Corynebacterium glutamicum provides a major export mechanism for glutamate in this Gram-positive bacterium, which has for many years been used for industrial production of glutamate and other amino acids. The functional characterization of MscCG is therefore, of great significance to understand its conductive properties for different amino acids. Here we report the first successful giant spheroplast preparation of C. glutamicum amenable to the patch clamp technique, which enabled us to investigate mechanosensitive channel activities of MscCG in the native membrane of this bacterium. Single channel recordings from these spheroplasts revealed the presence of three types of mechanosensitive channels, MscCG, MscCG2, and CgMscL, which differ largely from each other in their conductance and mechanosensitivity. MscCG has a relatively small conductance of ~340 pS followed by an intermediate MscCG2 conductance of ~1.0 nS and comparably very large conductance of 3.7 nS exhibited by CgMscL. By applying Laplace's law, we determined that very moderate membrane tension of ~5.5 mN/m was required for half activation of MscCG compared to ~12 mN/m required for half activation of both MscCG2 and CgMscL. Furthermore, by combining the micropipette aspiration technique with molecular dynamics simulations we measured mechanical properties of the C. glutamicum membrane, whose area elasticity module of KA ≈ 15 mN/m is characteristic of a very soft membrane compared to the three times larger area expansion modulus of KA ≈ 44 mN/m of the more elastic E. coli membrane. Moreover, we demonstrate that the "soft" properties of the C. glutamicum membrane have a significant impact on the MscCG gating characterized by a strong voltage-dependent hysteresis in the membrane of C. glutamicum compared to a complete absence of the hysteresis in the E. coli cell membrane. We thus propose that MscCG has evolved and adapted as an MscS-like channel to the mechanical properties of the C. glutamicum membrane enabling the channel to specialize in transport of amino acids such as glutamate, which are major osmolytes helping the bacterial cells survive extreme osmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Nakayama
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Kosuke Komazawa
- Department of Green and Sustainable Chemistry, Tokyo Denki University, 5 Asahi-cho, Senju, Adachi-ku, Tokyo, 120-8551, Japan
| | - Navid Bavi
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Ken-Ichi Hashimoto
- Department of Green and Sustainable Chemistry, Tokyo Denki University, 5 Asahi-cho, Senju, Adachi-ku, Tokyo, 120-8551, Japan
| | - Hisashi Kawasaki
- Department of Green and Sustainable Chemistry, Tokyo Denki University, 5 Asahi-cho, Senju, Adachi-ku, Tokyo, 120-8551, Japan
| | - Boris Martinac
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia. .,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.
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45
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Petrov E, Menon G, Rohde PR, Battle AR, Martinac B, Solioz M. Xenon-inhibition of the MscL mechano-sensitive channel and the CopB copper ATPase under different conditions suggests direct effects on these proteins. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198110. [PMID: 29864148 PMCID: PMC5986136 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Xenon is frequently used as a general anesthetic in humans, but the mechanism remains an issue of debate. While for some membrane proteins, a direct interaction of xenon with the protein has been shown to be the inhibitory mechanism, other membrane protein functions could be affected by changes of membrane properties due to partitioning of the gas into the lipid bilayer. Here, the effect of xenon on a mechanosensitive ion channel and a copper ion-translocating ATPase was compared under different conditions. Xenon inhibited spontaneous gating of the Escherichia coli mechano-sensitive mutant channel MscL-G22E, as shown by patch-clamp recording techniques. Under high hydrostatic pressure, MscL-inhibition was reversed. Similarly, the activity of the Enterococcus hirae CopB copper ATPase, reconstituted into proteoliposomes, was inhibited by xenon. However, the CopB ATPase activity was also inhibited by xenon when CopB was in a solubilized state. These findings suggest that xenon acts by directly interacting with these proteins, rather than via indirect effects by altering membrane properties. Also, inhibition of copper transport may be a novel effect of xenon that contributes to anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Petrov
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Gopalakrishnan Menon
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Paul R Rohde
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Andrew R Battle
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Boris Martinac
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Marc Solioz
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia.,Department Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Fatkin D, Cox CD, Huttner IG, Martinac B. Is There a Role for Genes in Exercise-Induced Atrial Cardiomyopathy? Heart Lung Circ 2018; 27:1093-1098. [PMID: 29706494 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In endurance athletes, prolonged high intensity exercise participation can have deleterious effects on the myocardium with subsequent structural and electrical remodelling. In a subset of athletes, there is a predilection for atrial involvement and the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) is increased. The mechanisms underpinning exercise-induced atrial cardiomyopathy have yet to be fully elucidated and the contribution of an individual's genetic makeup is unknown. Some athletes may have rare genetic variants that are sufficient to cause AF irrespective of exercise exposure. In AF-causing variant carriers, the additional haemodynamic stress of exercise on atrial structure and function might accelerate or increase the severity of disease. Variants in genes that lack known links to AF may indirectly promote an arrhythmogenic substrate by affecting threshold levels for exercise-induced myocardial damage and remodelling responses, or by effects on AF-associated co-morbidities, sinus node function, and autonomic nervous system tone. Given the exquisite stress-sensitivity of the atria, mechanosensitive ion channels could plausibly have a key role in mediating exercise effects on atrial structure and function. Knowing an athlete's profile of genetic variants may be useful for AF risk stratification and have implications for clinical management. Pre-participation genetic testing may influence sports choices and facilitate AF prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Fatkin
- Molecular Cardiology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Cardiology Department, St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Charles D Cox
- Molecular Cardiology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Inken G Huttner
- Molecular Cardiology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Boris Martinac
- Molecular Cardiology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Abstract
The ability of cells to sense and respond to their physical environment is fundamental to a broad spectrum of biological processes. Cells express an array of force sensors that can transduce mechanical inputs into biochemical signals, including the mechanically activated ion channels PIEZO1, PIEZO2 and TRPV4. The identification and characterisation of mechanically activated ion channels has proven challenging, as has identifying their mode of activation and regulation in vivo. However, the diverse channelopathies associated with the known channels highlights their physiological importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Martinac
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Kate Poole
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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Martinac B. Is there a Role for Mechanosensitive Channels in Formation and Maintenance of Bacterial Biofilms? Biophys J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.11.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Nakayama Y, Komazawa K, Bavi N, Nobata K, Hashimoto KI, Kawasaki H, Martinac B. Streptomycin Entry is Mediated by the Mechanosensitive Channel MscCG of Corynebacterium Glutamicum. Biophys J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.11.2689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Ridone P, Grage SL, Patkunarajah A, Battle AR, Ulrich AS, Martinac B. "Force-from-lipids" gating of mechanosensitive channels modulated by PUFAs. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 79:158-167. [PMID: 29304430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The level of fatty acid saturation in phospholipids is a crucial determinant of the biophysical properties of the lipid bilayer. Integral membrane proteins are sensitive to changes of their bilayer environment such that their activities and localization can be profoundly affected. When incorporated into phospholipids of mammalian cells, poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) determine the mechanical properties of the bilayer thereby affecting several membrane-associated functions such as endo- and exo-cytosis and ion channel/membrane receptor signalling cascades. In order to understand how membrane tension is propagated through poly-unsaturated bilayers, we characterized the effect of lipid saturation on liposome reconstituted MscS and MscL, the two bacterial mechanosensitive ion channels that have for many years served as models of ion- channel-mediated mechanotransduction. The combination of NMR and patch clamp experiments in this study demonstrate that bilayer thinning is the main responsible factor for the modulation of the MscL threshold of activation while a change in transbilayer pressure profile is indicated as the main factor behind the observed modulation of the MscS kinetics. Together, our data offer a novel insight into how the structural shape differences between the two types of mechanosensitive channels determine their differential modulation by poly-unsaturated phospholipids and thus lay the foundation for future functional studies of eukaryotic ion channels involved in the physiology of mechanosensory transduction processes in mammalian cells. SUMMARY Mechanosensitive channels MscL and MscS are differentially modulated by poly-unsaturated fatty acids in lipid bilayers. MscL becomes sensitized because of increased hydrophobic mismatch while MscS open state is stabilized due to changes in the bilayer lateral pressure profile determined by NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Ridone
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Stephan L Grage
- Institute for Biological Interfaces IBG-2, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Amrutha Patkunarajah
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Andrew R Battle
- Translational Research Institute (TRI) and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Anne S Ulrich
- Institute for Biological Interfaces IBG-2, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Boris Martinac
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia.
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