451
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Lim ST. Refining pathological diagnoses in lymphoid malignancies. Lancet Haematol 2014; 1:e13-e15. [PMID: 27030062 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3026(14)70016-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Soon Thye Lim
- National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Medical Oncology, Singapore.
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452
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Sakhare SS, Rao GG, Mandape SN, Pratap S. Transcriptome profile of OVCAR3 cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cell line. BMC Bioinformatics 2014. [PMCID: PMC4196045 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-15-s10-p21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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453
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Abstract
Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths, but analysis of its molecular and clinical characteristics has been complicated by histological and aetiological heterogeneity. Here we describe a comprehensive molecular evaluation of 295 primary gastric adenocarcinomas as part of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project. We propose a molecular classification dividing gastric cancer into four subtypes: tumours positive for Epstein-Barr virus, which display recurrent PIK3CA mutations, extreme DNA hypermethylation, and amplification of JAK2, CD274 (also known as PD-L1) and PDCD1LG2 (also known as PD-L2); microsatellite unstable tumours, which show elevated mutation rates, including mutations of genes encoding targetable oncogenic signalling proteins; genomically stable tumours, which are enriched for the diffuse histological variant and mutations of RHOA or fusions involving RHO-family GTPase-activating proteins; and tumours with chromosomal instability, which show marked aneuploidy and focal amplification of receptor tyrosine kinases. Identification of these subtypes provides a roadmap for patient stratification and trials of targeted therapies.
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454
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Abstract
Epigenetic control of gene expression programs is essential for normal organismal development and cellular function. Abrogation of epigenetic regulation is seen in many human diseases, including cancer and neuropsychiatric disorders, where it can affect disease etiology and progression. Abnormal epigenetic profiles can serve as biomarkers of disease states and predictors of disease outcomes. Therefore, epigenetics is a key area of clinical investigation in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. In this review, we give an overarching view of epigenetic mechanisms of human disease. Genetic mutations in genes that encode chromatin regulators can cause monogenic disease or are incriminated in polygenic, multifactorial diseases. Environmental stresses can also impact directly on chromatin regulation, and these changes can increase the risk of, or directly cause, disease. Finally, emerging evidence suggests that exposure to environmental stresses in older generations may predispose subsequent generations to disease in a manner that involves the transgenerational inheritance of epigenetic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Brookes
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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455
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Targeted mutational profiling of peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified highlights new mechanisms in a heterogeneous pathogenesis. Leukemia 2014; 29:237-41. [PMID: 25257991 PMCID: PMC4286477 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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456
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Nakajima H, Kunimoto H. TET2 as an epigenetic master regulator for normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Cancer Sci 2014; 105:1093-9. [PMID: 25040794 PMCID: PMC4462392 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is one of the critical epigenetic modifications regulating various cellular processes such as differentiation or proliferation, and its dysregulation leads to disordered stem cell function or cellular transformation. The ten-eleven translocation (TET) gene family, initially found as a chromosomal translocation partner in leukemia, turned out to be a key enzyme for DNA demethylation. TET genes hydroxylate 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, which is then converted to unmodified cytosine through multiple mechanisms. Somatic mutations of the TET2 gene were reported in a variety of human hematological malignancies such as leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, and malignant lymphoma, suggesting a critical role for TET2 in hematopoiesis. The importance of the TET-mediated cytosine demethylation pathway is also underscored by a recurrent mutation of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and IDH2 in hematological malignancies, whose mutation inhibits TET function through a novel oncometabolite, 2-hydroxyglutarate. Studies using mouse models revealed that TET2 is critical for the function of hematopoietic stem cells, and disruption of TET2 results in the expansion of multipotent as well as myeloid progenitors, leading to the accumulation of premalignant clones. In addition to cytosine demethylation, TET proteins are involved in chromatin modifications and other cellular processes through the interaction with O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase. In summary, TET2 is a critical regulator for hematopoietic stem cell homeostasis whose functional impairment leads to hematological malignancies. Future studies will uncover the whole picture of epigenetic and signaling networks wired with TET2, which will help to develop ways to intervene in cellular pathways dysregulated by TET2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Nakajima
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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457
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Intlekofer AM, Younes A. Precision therapy for lymphoma--current state and future directions. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2014; 11:585-96. [PMID: 25135367 DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2014.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Modern advances in genomics and cancer biology have produced an unprecedented body of knowledge regarding the molecular pathogenesis of lymphoma. The diverse histological subtypes of lymphoma are molecularly heterogeneous, and most likely arise from distinct oncogenic mechanisms. In parallel to these advances in lymphoma biology, several new classes of molecularly targeted agents have been developed with varying degrees of efficacy across the different types of lymphoma. In general, the development of new drugs for treating lymphoma has been mostly empiric, with a limited knowledge of the molecular target, its involvement in the disease, and the effect of the drug on the target. Thus, the variability observed in clinical responses likely results from underlying molecular heterogeneity. In the era of personalized medicine, the challenge for the treatment of patients with lymphoma will involve correctly matching a molecularly targeted therapy to the unique genetic and molecular composition of each individual lymphoma. In this Review, we discuss current and emerging biomarkers that can guide treatment decisions for patients with lymphoma, and explore the potential challenges and strategies for making biomarker-driven personalized medicine a reality in the cure and management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Intlekofer
- Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box 330, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anas Younes
- Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box 330, New York, NY 10065, USA
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458
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459
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Abstract
The diffuse-type histologic variant of gastric cancer is characterized by highly invasive growth patterns and lack of cellular cohesion. Two recent studies have identified highly recurrent mutations of the gene encoding the small GTPase RhoA and suggest that RhoA activity may have a tumor suppressive role in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yoku Hayakawa
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases and Herbert Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Timothy C Wang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases and Herbert Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Adam J Bass
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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460
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Rohde M, Richter J, Schlesner M, Betts MJ, Claviez A, Bonn BR, Zimmermann M, Damm-Welk C, Russell RB, Borkhardt A, Eils R, Hoell JI, Szczepanowski M, Oschlies I, Klapper W, Burkhardt B, Siebert R. RecurrentRHOAmutations in pediatric Burkitt lymphoma treated according to the NHL-BFM protocols. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2014; 53:911-6. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marius Rohde
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology; University Hospital Giessen; Giessen Germany
| | - Julia Richter
- Institute of Human Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-University; Kiel Germany
| | - Matthias Schlesner
- Division Theoretical Bioinformatics; Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Matthew J. Betts
- Cell Networks, Bioquant; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Alexander Claviez
- Department of Pediatrics; University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein; Campus Kiel Kiel Germany
| | - Bettina R. Bonn
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology University Hospital Muenster; Muenster Germany
| | - Martin Zimmermann
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology; University Hospital Giessen; Giessen Germany
| | - Christine Damm-Welk
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology; University Hospital Giessen; Giessen Germany
| | - Robert B. Russell
- Cell Networks, Bioquant; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Arndt Borkhardt
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology; Heinrich-Heine-University; Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Roland Eils
- Division Theoretical Bioinformatics; Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
- Department for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics; Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB) and BioQuant, Heidelberg University; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jessica I. Hoell
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology; Heinrich-Heine-University; Düsseldorf Germany
| | | | - Ilske Oschlies
- Hematopathology Section; Christian-Albrechts-University; Kiel Germany
| | - Wolfram Klapper
- Hematopathology Section; Christian-Albrechts-University; Kiel Germany
| | - Birgit Burkhardt
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology; University Hospital Giessen; Giessen Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology University Hospital Muenster; Muenster Germany
| | - Reiner Siebert
- Institute of Human Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-University; Kiel Germany
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461
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Couronné L, Bastard C, Bernard OA. [Recurrent mutations in RHOA and FYN in peripheral T cell lymphomas]. Med Sci (Paris) 2014; 30:488-92. [PMID: 24939529 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20143005005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Couronné
- Service d'hématologie adulte, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), hôpital Necker, Paris, France - Inserm UMR1163, CNRS ERL 8254, Institut Imagine, Paris, France - Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Christian Bastard
- Inserm U918, Université de Rouen, Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen, France
| | - Olivier A Bernard
- Inserm U985, Villejuif, France - Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France - Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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462
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Petersen DL, Krejsgaard T, Berthelsen J, Fredholm S, Willerslev-Olsen A, Sibbesen NA, Bonefeld CM, Andersen MH, Francavilla C, Olsen JV, Hu T, Zhang M, Wasik MA, Geisler C, Woetmann A, Odum N. B-lymphoid tyrosine kinase (Blk) is an oncogene and a potential target for therapy with dasatinib in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Leukemia 2014; 28:2109-12. [PMID: 24919804 PMCID: PMC4190403 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D L Petersen
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Krejsgaard
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Berthelsen
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Fredholm
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Willerslev-Olsen
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - N A Sibbesen
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C M Bonefeld
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M H Andersen
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Department of Hematology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - C Francavilla
- Proteomics Program, NNF Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J V Olsen
- Proteomics Program, NNF Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Hu
- Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - M Zhang
- Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - M A Wasik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C Geisler
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Woetmann
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - N Odum
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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463
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Abstract
Peripheral T cell lymphomas are rare but aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphomas derived from mature T lymphocytes or natural killer (NK) cells. New studies identify recurrent dominant-negative mutation of the RHOA GTPase gene in these lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Cools
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease and the KU Leuven Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium
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464
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Sakata-Yanagimoto M, Enami T, Yokoyama Y, Chiba S. Disease-specific mutations in mature lymphoid neoplasms: recent advances. Cancer Sci 2014; 105:623-9. [PMID: 24689848 PMCID: PMC4317900 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mature lymphoid neoplasms (MLN) are clinically and pathologically more complex than precursor lymphoid neoplasms. Until recently, molecular characterization of MLN was mainly based on cytogenetics/fluorescence in situ hybridization, allele copy number, and mRNA expression, approaches that yielded scanty gene mutation information. Use of massive parallel sequencing technologies has changed this outcome, and now many gene mutations have been discovered. Some of these are considerably frequent in, and substantially specific to, distinct MLN subtypes, and occur at single or several hotspots. They include the V600E BRAF mutation in hairy cell leukemia, the L265P MYD88 mutation in Waldenström macroglobulinemia, the G17V RHOA mutation in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma and peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified, and the Y640F//D661Y/V/H/I//N647I STAT3 mutations in T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia. Detecting these mutations is highly valuable in diagnosing MLN subtypes. Defining these mutations also sheds light on the molecular pathogenesis of MLN, furthering development of molecular targeting therapies. In this review, we focus on the disease-specific gene mutations in MLN discovered by recent massive sequencing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamiko Sakata-Yanagimoto
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; Department of Hematology, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan
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465
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Ahearne MJ, Allchin RL, Fox CP, Wagner SD. Follicular helper T-cells: expanding roles in T-cell lymphoma and targets for treatment. Br J Haematol 2014; 166:326-35. [PMID: 24815671 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Follicular helper T-cells (Tfh cells) are a subset of CD4(+) T-cells that are essential for normal production of high affinity antibodies. Tfh cells characteristically produce IL21 and IL4 and show high expression of surface markers CXCR5, ICOS, PDCD1 (PD-1) and the chemokine CXCL13. In this review we will focus on the emerging links between Tfh cells and subtypes of T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) and ~20% of peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS) have surface marker features of Tfh cells and share a spectrum of genetic abnormalities. The recurrent genetic abnormalities associated with AITL include mutations in epigenetic modifiers such as TET2 and DNMT3A and the motility and adhesion gene, RHOA, is mutated in up to 70% of cases. ~20% of PTCL-NOS demonstrate RHOA mutations and have other characteristics suggesting an origin in Tfh cells. The recognition that specific genetic and surface markers are associated with malignant Tfh cells suggests that the next few years will bring major changes in diagnostic and treatment possibilities. For example, antibodies against IL21, PDCD1 and ICOS are already in clinical trials for autoimmune disease or other malignancies and antibodies against CXCL13 are in pre-clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Ahearne
- Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; Ernest and Helen Scott Haematology Research Institute, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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466
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Wang K, Yuen ST, Xu J, Lee SP, Yan HHN, Shi ST, Siu HC, Deng S, Chu KM, Law S, Chan KH, Chan ASY, Tsui WY, Ho SL, Chan AKW, Man JLK, Foglizzo V, Ng MK, Chan AS, Ching YP, Cheng GHW, Xie T, Fernandez J, Li VSW, Clevers H, Rejto PA, Mao M, Leung SY. Whole-genome sequencing and comprehensive molecular profiling identify new driver mutations in gastric cancer. Nat Genet 2014; 46:573-82. [PMID: 24816253 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 783] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a heterogeneous disease with diverse molecular and histological subtypes. We performed whole-genome sequencing in 100 tumor-normal pairs, along with DNA copy number, gene expression and methylation profiling, for integrative genomic analysis. We found subtype-specific genetic and epigenetic perturbations and unique mutational signatures. We identified previously known (TP53, ARID1A and CDH1) and new (MUC6, CTNNA2, GLI3, RNF43 and others) significantly mutated driver genes. Specifically, we found RHOA mutations in 14.3% of diffuse-type tumors but not in intestinal-type tumors (P < 0.001). The mutations clustered in recurrent hotspots affecting functional domains and caused defective RHOA signaling, promoting escape from anoikis in organoid cultures. The top perturbed pathways in gastric cancer included adherens junction and focal adhesion, in which RHOA and other mutated genes we identified participate as key players. These findings illustrate a multidimensional and comprehensive genomic landscape that highlights the molecular complexity of gastric cancer and provides a road map to facilitate genome-guided personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- 1] Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, California, USA. [2]
| | - Siu Tsan Yuen
- 1] Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. [2]
| | - Jiangchun Xu
- 1] Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, California, USA. [2] [3]
| | - Siu Po Lee
- 1] Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. [2]
| | - Helen H N Yan
- 1] Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. [2]
| | - Stephanie T Shi
- External Research Solutions, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Hoi Cheong Siu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Shibing Deng
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Kent Man Chu
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Simon Law
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Kok Hoe Chan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Annie S Y Chan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Wai Yin Tsui
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Siu Lun Ho
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Anthony K W Chan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Jonathan L K Man
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Valentina Foglizzo
- Division of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Genetics, Medical Research Council (MRC) National Institute for Medical Research, London, UK
| | - Man Kin Ng
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - April S Chan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Yick Pang Ching
- Department of Anatomy, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Grace H W Cheng
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Tao Xie
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Julio Fernandez
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Vivian S W Li
- Division of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Genetics, Medical Research Council (MRC) National Institute for Medical Research, London, UK
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul A Rejto
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Mao Mao
- 1] Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, California, USA. [2]
| | - Suet Yi Leung
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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467
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The RHOA G17V gene mutation occurs frequently in peripheral T-cell lymphoma and is associated with a characteristic molecular signature. Blood 2014; 123:2893-4. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-02-555946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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468
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A recurrent inactivating mutation in RHOA GTPase in angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma. Nat Genet 2014; 46:371-5. [PMID: 24584070 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma (AITL), a common type of mature T cell lymphoma of poor prognosis, are largely unknown. Here we report a frequent somatic mutation in RHOA (encoding p.Gly17Val) using exome and transcriptome sequencing of samples from individuals with AITL. Further examination of the RHOA mutation encoding p.Gly17Val in 239 lymphoma samples showed that the mutation was specific to T cell lymphoma and was absent from B cell lymphoma. We demonstrate that the RHOA mutation encoding p.Gly17Val, which was found in 53.3% (24 of 45) of the AITL cases examined, is oncogenic in nature using multiple molecular assays. Molecular modeling and docking simulations provided a structural basis for the loss of GTPase activity in the RHOA Gly17Val mutant. Our experimental data and modeling results suggest that the RHOA mutation encoding p.Gly17Val is a driver mutation in AITL. On the basis of these data and through integrated pathway analysis, we build a comprehensive signaling network for AITL oncogenesis.
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