451
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Flock J, Suljanovic A, Torvisco A, Schoefberger W, Gerke B, Pöttgen R, Fischer RC, Flock M. The Role of 2,6-Diaminopyridine Ligands in the Isolation of an Unprecedented, Low-Valent Tin Complex. Chemistry 2013; 19:15504-17. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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452
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Moerdyk JP, Bielawski CW. N,N′-Diamidocarbenes Facilitate Selective CH Insertions and Transfer Hydrogenations. Chemistry 2013; 19:14773-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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453
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Martin D, Lassauque N, Steinmann F, Manuel G, Bertrand G. Experimental and computational studies of anti-Bredt amidinium salts. Chemistry 2013; 19:14895-901. [PMID: 24105742 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Experimental and computational investigations of anti-Bredt amidinium salts are presented. Calculations show that the pyramidalization of an amino group can significantly destabilize the formal carbocation center of amidiniums, due to the decreased π donation. In some cases, the unfavorable -I effect of nitrogen surpasses its beneficial +M effect, and amidiniums become less stable than iminiums. It is shown that although 1-aza-3-azonia[3.3.1]bicyclo-non-2-enes can be isolated, they feature a nonclassical reactivity, which is more typical for iminium than amidinium salts, such as pronounced electrophilicity and azomethineylide instead of carbene formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Martin
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 0343 (USA)
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454
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Mondal KC, Roesky HW, Stückl AC, Ehret F, Kaim W, Dittrich B, Maity B, Koley D. Formation of Trichlorosilyl-Substituted Carbon-Centered Stable Radicals through the Use of π-Accepting Carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201300668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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455
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Samuel PP, Mondal KC, Roesky HW, Hermann M, Frenking G, Demeshko S, Meyer F, Stückl AC, Christian JH, Dalal NS, Ungur L, Chibotaru LF, Pröpper K, Meents A, Dittrich B. Synthesis and Characterization of a Two-Coordinate Manganese Complex and its Reaction with Molecular Hydrogen at Room Temperature. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:11817-21. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201304642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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456
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Samuel PP, Mondal KC, Roesky HW, Hermann M, Frenking G, Demeshko S, Meyer F, Stückl AC, Christian JH, Dalal NS, Ungur L, Chibotaru LF, Pröpper K, Meents A, Dittrich B. Synthesis and Characterization of a Two-Coordinate Manganese Complex and its Reaction with Molecular Hydrogen at Room Temperature. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201304642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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457
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Mondal KC, Roesky HW, Stückl AC, Ehret F, Kaim W, Dittrich B, Maity B, Koley D. Formation of Trichlorosilyl-Substituted Carbon-Centered Stable Radicals through the Use of π-Accepting Carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:11804-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201300668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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458
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Mansikkamäki A, Power PP, Tuononen HM. Computational Analysis of n→π* Back-Bonding in Metallylene–Isocyanide Complexes R2MCNR′ (M = Si, Ge, Sn; R = tBu, Ph; R′ = Me, tBu, Ph). Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400558e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akseli Mansikkamäki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Philip P. Power
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Heikki M. Tuononen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
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459
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Li Y, Mondal KC, Roesky HW, Zhu H, Stollberg P, Herbst-Irmer R, Stalke D, Andrada DM. Acyclic germylones: congeners of allenes with a central germanium atom. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:12422-8. [PMID: 23869553 DOI: 10.1021/ja406112u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The cyclic alkyl(amino) carbene (cAAC:)-stabilized acyclic germylones (Me2-cAAC:)2Ge (1) and (Cy2-cAAC:)2Ge (2) were prepared utilizing a one-pot synthesis of GeCl2(dioxane), cAAC:, and KC8 in a 1:2:2.1 molar ratio. Dark green crystals of compounds 1 and 2 were produced in 75 and 70% yields, respectively. The reported methods for the preparation of the corresponding silicon compounds turned out to be not applicable in the case of germanium. The single-crystal X-ray structures of 1 and 2 feature the C-Ge-C bent backbone, which possesses a three-center two-electron π-bond system. Compounds 1 and 2 are the first acyclic germylones containing each one germanium atom and two cAAC: molecules. EPR measurements on compounds 1 and 2 confirmed the singlet spin ground state. DFT calculations on 1/2 revealed that the singlet ground state is more stable by ~16 to 18 kcal mol(-1) than that of the triplet state. First and second proton affinity values were theoretically calculated to be of 265.8 (1)/267.1 (2) and 180.4 (1)/183.8 (2) kcal mol(-1), respectively. Further calculations, which were performed at different levels suggest a singlet diradicaloid character of 1 and 2. The TD-DFT calculations exhibit an absorption band at ~655 nm in n-hexane solution that originates from the diradicaloid character of germylones 1 and 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
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460
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Martin CD, Soleilhavoup M, Bertrand G. Carbene-Stabilized Main Group Radicals and Radical Ions. Chem Sci 2013; 4:3020-3030. [PMID: 23878717 PMCID: PMC3714118 DOI: 10.1039/c3sc51174j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 405] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Shortly after their discovery at the end of the 80s, stable singlet carbenes have been recognized as excellent ligands for transition metal based catalysts, and as organo-catalysts in their own right. At the end of the 2000s, it has been shown that they can coordinate main group elements in their zero oxidation state, and even activate small molecules. This review covers examples in the literature dealing with the most recent application of stable singlet carbenes, namely their use to stabilize radicals and radical ions that are otherwise unstable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb D. Martin
- Joint CNRS-UCSD Research Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358
| | - Michele Soleilhavoup
- Joint CNRS-UCSD Research Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358
| | - Guy Bertrand
- Joint CNRS-UCSD Research Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358
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461
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Weinberger DS, Melaimi M, Moore CE, Rheingold AL, Frenking G, Jerabek P, Bertrand G. Isolierung neutraler mono- und dinuklearer Goldkomplexe von cyclischen Alkyl(amino)carbenen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201304820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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462
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Weinberger DS, Melaimi M, Moore CE, Rheingold AL, Frenking G, Jerabek P, Bertrand G. Isolation of Neutral Mono- and Dinuclear Gold Complexes of Cyclic (Alkyl)(amino)carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:8964-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201304820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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463
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Dube JW, Ragogna PJ. Synthesis and onwards coordination of an As(I) centered zwitterion. Chemistry 2013; 19:11768-75. [PMID: 23846815 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The bis(phosphino)borate ligand class is used as an anionic anchor to stabilize reactive, low coordinate arsenic centers. The neutral, zwitterionic As(I) species, 2, is formed very cleanly, and isolated in good yields using cyclohexene as a halogen scavenger. The uniqueness of this heterocyclic As(I) compound is on display with the coordination to Group 6 metal centers, (2 M(CO)5; M = Cr, Mo, W). The arsenic-metal bond lengths are longer than the related AsPh3 complexes suggesting that compound 2 is a weak sigma donor. The metal complexes reveal a trigonal pyramidal arsenic atom, which provides the first experimental evidence for the presence of two "lone pairs" of electrons on the As(I) center. When more flexible and more electron-donating isopropyl substituents were used, an intermediate (compound 5) in the formation of low coordinate pnictogen compounds was crystallographically characterized. This structure, formally a base-stabilized dichloroarsenium cation, provides an alternative mechanistic proposal to the one described in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W Dube
- Department Chemistry and Center for Materials and Advanced Materials Research (CAMBR), The University of Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
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464
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette D. Allen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Thomas T. Tidwell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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465
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Heuclin H, Ho SYF, Le Goff XF, So CW, Mézailles N. Facile B–H Bond Activation of Borane by Stable Carbenoid Species. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:8774-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja401763c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hadrien Heuclin
- Laboratoire Hétéroéléments
et Coordination, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS,
Route de Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Samuel Y.-F. Ho
- Laboratoire Hétéroéléments
et Coordination, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS,
Route de Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
- Division of Chemistry and Biological
Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Xavier F. Le Goff
- Laboratoire Hétéroéléments
et Coordination, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS,
Route de Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Cheuk-Wai So
- Division of Chemistry and Biological
Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Nicolas Mézailles
- Laboratoire Hétéroéléments
et Coordination, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS,
Route de Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
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466
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Takagi N, Sakaki S. Theoretical Study of Reactivity of Ge(II)-hydride Compound: Comparison with Rh(I)-Hydride Complex and Prediction of Full Catalytic Cycle by Ge(II)-hydride. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:8955-65. [DOI: 10.1021/ja402039b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Takagi
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental
Chemistry, Kyoto University Takano, Nishihiraki-cho
34-4, Sakyo-ku,
Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Sakaki
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental
Chemistry, Kyoto University Takano, Nishihiraki-cho
34-4, Sakyo-ku,
Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
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467
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Martin D, Moore CE, Rheingold AL, Bertrand G. Ein luftstabiles Oxyallyl-Radikalkation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201302841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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468
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Martin D, Moore CE, Rheingold AL, Bertrand G. An Air-Stable Oxyallyl Radical Cation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:7014-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201302841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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469
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Arnold T, Braunschweig H, Jimenez-Halla JOC, Radacki K, Sen SS. Simultaneous Fragmentation and Activation of White Phosphorus. Chemistry 2013; 19:9114-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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470
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Alberto ME, Russo N, Sicilia E. EH3(E=N, P, As) and H2Activation with N-Heterocyclic Silylene and Germylene Homologues. Chemistry 2013; 19:7835-46. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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471
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Chen WC, Hsu YC, Lee CY, Yap GPA, Ong TG. Synthetic Modification of Acyclic Bent Allenes (Carbodicarbenes) and Further Studies on Their Structural Implications and Reactivities. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400139s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ching Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nangang, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Chen Hsu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nangang, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan,
Republic of China
| | - Ching-Yu Lee
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nangang, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei,
Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Glenn P. A. Yap
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, 19716, United
States
| | - Tiow-Gan Ong
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nangang, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of
China
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472
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Pan X, Su Y, Chen X, Zhao Y, Li Y, Zuo J, Wang X. Stable Tetraaryldiphosphine Radical Cation and Dication. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:5561-4. [DOI: 10.1021/ja402492u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Pan
- State Key
Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yuanting Su
- State Key
Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- State Key
Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key
Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yizhi Li
- State Key
Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jinglin Zuo
- State Key
Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key
Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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473
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Holzmann N, Stasch A, Jones C, Frenking G. Comparative study of phosphine and N-heterocyclic carbene stabilized Group 13 adducts [L(EH3)] and [L2(E2H(n))]. Chemistry 2013; 19:6467-79. [PMID: 23512819 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Quantum chemical calculations using density functional theory at the BP86/TZ2P level have been carried out to determine the geometries and stabilities of Group 13 adducts [(PMe3)(EH3)] and [(PMe3)2(E2H(n))] (E = B-In; n = 4, 2, 0). The optimized geometries exhibit, in most cases, similar features to those of related adducts [(NHC(Me))(EH3)] and [(NHC(Me))2(E2H(n))] with a few exceptions that can be explained by the different donor strengths of the ligands. The calculations show that the carbene ligand L = NHC(Me) (:C(NMeCH)2) is a significantly stronger donor than L = PMe3. The equilibrium geometries of [L(EH3)] possess, in all cases, a pyramidal structure, whereas the complexes [L2(E2H4)] always have an antiperiplanar arrangement of the ligands L. The phosphine ligands in [(PMe3)2(B2H2)], which has Cs symmetry, are in the same plane as the B2H2 moiety, whereas the heavier homologues [(PMe3)2(E2H2)] (E = Al, Ga, In) have Ci symmetry in which the ligands bind side-on to the E2H2 acceptor. This is in contrast to the [(NHC(Me))2(E2H2)] adducts for which the NHC(Me) donor always binds in the same plane as E2H2 except for the indium complex [(NHC(Me))2(In2H2)], which exhibits side-on bonding. The boron complexes [L2(B2)] (L = PMe3 and NHC(Me)) possess a linear arrangement of the LBBL moiety, which has a B≡B triple bond. The heavier homologues [L2(E2)] have antiperiplanar arrangements of the LEEL moieties, except for [(PMe3)2(In2)], which has a twisted structure in which the PInInP torsion angle is 123.0°. The structural features of the complexes [L(EH3)] and [L2(E2H(n))] can be explained in terms of donor-acceptor interactions between the donors L and the acceptors EH3 and E2H(n), which have been analyzed quantitatively by using the energy decomposition analysis (EDA) method. The calculations predict that the hydrogenation reaction of the dimeric magnesium(I) compound L'MgMgL' with the complexes [L(EH3)] is energetically more favorable for L = PMe3 than for NHC(Me).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Holzmann
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
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474
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Appelt C, Slootweg JC, Lammertsma K, Uhl W. Die Reaktionen eines P/Al-basierten frustrierten Lewis-Paars mit Ammoniak, Boran und Aminboranen: Adduktbildung und katalytische Wasserstoffeliminierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201208746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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475
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Appelt C, Slootweg JC, Lammertsma K, Uhl W. Reaction of a P/Al-Based Frustrated Lewis Pair with Ammonia, Borane, and Amine-Boranes: Adduct Formation and Catalytic Dehydrogenation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:4256-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201208746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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476
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Pan X, Chen X, Li T, Li Y, Wang X. Isolation and X-ray Crystal Structures of Triarylphosphine Radical Cations. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:3414-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4012113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yizhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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477
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Abraham MY, Wang Y, Xie Y, Gilliard RJ, Wei P, Vaccaro BJ, Johnson MK, Schaefer HF, Schleyer PVR, Robinson GH. Oxidation of Carbene-Stabilized Diarsenic: Diarsene Dications and Diarsenic Radical Cations. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:2486-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ja400219d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariham Y. Abraham
- Department of Chemistry
and the Center for Computational
Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens,
Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Yuzhong Wang
- Department of Chemistry
and the Center for Computational
Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens,
Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Yaoming Xie
- Department of Chemistry
and the Center for Computational
Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens,
Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Robert J. Gilliard
- Department of Chemistry
and the Center for Computational
Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens,
Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Pingrong Wei
- Department of Chemistry
and the Center for Computational
Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens,
Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Brian J. Vaccaro
- Department of Chemistry
and the Center for Computational
Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens,
Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Michael K. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry
and the Center for Computational
Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens,
Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Henry F. Schaefer
- Department of Chemistry
and the Center for Computational
Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens,
Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Paul v. R. Schleyer
- Department of Chemistry
and the Center for Computational
Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens,
Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Gregory H. Robinson
- Department of Chemistry
and the Center for Computational
Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens,
Georgia 30602-2556, United States
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478
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Makhloufi A, Wahl M, Frank W, Ganter C. A New Mixed Amino–Amido N-Heterocyclic Carbene Based on Anthranilic Acid. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om301152n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Makhloufi
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225
Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michaela Wahl
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225
Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Walter Frank
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225
Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Ganter
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225
Düsseldorf, Germany
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479
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Brown ZD, Erickson JD, Fettinger JC, Power PP. Facile, High-Yield Functionalization of Germanium and Tin by Oxidative Insertion of Tetrelenes into the E–H Bonds of Inorganic Acids (E = C, N, O, F): Arene Elimination versus Oxidative Addition and Formation of a Germanium Cation–Water Complex. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om301121x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary D. Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616,
United States
| | - Jeremy D. Erickson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616,
United States
| | - James C. Fettinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616,
United States
| | - Philip P. Power
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616,
United States
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480
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Mondal KC, Roesky HW, Schwarzer MC, Frenking G, Niepötter B, Wolf H, Herbst-Irmer R, Stalke D. A Stable Singlet Biradicaloid Siladicarbene: (L:)2Si. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:2963-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201208307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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481
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Mondal KC, Roesky HW, Schwarzer MC, Frenking G, Niepötter B, Wolf H, Herbst-Irmer R, Stalke D. Ein stabiles biradikaloides Singulett-Siladicarben: (L:)2Si. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201208307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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482
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Huynh HV, Frison G. Electronic Structural Trends in Divalent Carbon Compounds. J Org Chem 2013; 78:328-38. [DOI: 10.1021/jo302080c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Vinh Huynh
- Department of Chemistry, 3 Science
Drive 3, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
| | - Gilles Frison
- Laboratoire
des Mécanismes
Réactionnels, Department of Chemistry, Ecole Polytechnique and CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
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483
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Martin CD, Weinstein CM, Moore CE, Rheingold AL, Bertrand G. Exploring the reactivity of white phosphorus with electrophilic carbenes: synthesis of a P4 cage and P8 clusters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:4486-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc42041h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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484
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Abstract
In the last decade an explosive development has been observed in the fields of both ionic liquids (ILs) as potential chemically inert solvents with many possible technical applications, and N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) as catalysts with superb performance. Since the cations of many ILs can be deprotonated by strong bases yielding NHCs, this two fields are inherently connected. It has only recently been recognized that some of the commonly used basic anions of the ILs (such as acetate) are able to deprotonate azolium cations. While the resulting NHC could clearly be observed in the vapor phase, in the liquid - where the mutual electrostatic interactions within the ion network stabilize the ion pairs - the neutral NHC cannot be detected by commonly used analytical techniques; however, from these ionic liquids NHCs can be trapped, e.g., by complex formation, or more importantly these ILs can be directly used as catalysts, since the NHC content is sufficiently large for these applications. Apart from imidazole-2-ylidenes, the formation of other highly reactive neutral species ("abnormal carbenes," 2-alkylideneimidazoles, pyridine-ylidenes or pyridinium-ylides) is feasible in highly basic ionic liquids. The cross-fertilizing overlap between the two fields may provide access to a great advance in both areas, and we give an overview here on the results published so far, and also on the remaining possibilities and challenges in the concept of "carbenes from ionic liquids."
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Affiliation(s)
- Oldamur Hollóczki
- Wilhelm-Ostwald Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Linnéstr. 2, 04103, Leipzig, Germany,
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485
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Böttcher T, Bassil BS, Zhechkov L, Heine T, Röschenthaler GV. (NHCMe)SiCl4: a versatile carbene transfer reagent – synthesis from silicochloroform. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc21214e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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486
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Alikhani ME. On the chemical bonding features in boron containing compounds: a combined QTAIM/ELF topological analysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:12602-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50396h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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487
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Kelemen Z, Hollóczki O, Oláh J, Nyulászi L. Oxazol-2-ylidenes. A new class of stable carbenes? RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra41177j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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488
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Danopoulos AA, Monakhov KY, Braunstein P. Anionic N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands from Mesoionic Imidazolium Precursors: Remote Backbone Arylimino Substitution Directs Carbene Coordination. Chemistry 2012; 19:450-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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489
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Li J, Li X, Huang W, Hu H, Zhang J, Cui C. Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of a Monomeric Iminoalane. Chemistry 2012; 18:15263-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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490
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Chase DT, Moerdyk JP, Bielawski CW. Elucidating the mechanism of reversible oxiranations via magnetization transfer spectroscopy. Org Lett 2012; 14:5510-3. [PMID: 23094710 DOI: 10.1021/ol302596r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reversible [2 + 1] cycloadditions between an N,N'-diamidocarbene (DAC) and eight aldehydes were examined using NMR spectroscopy. Variable temperature magnetization transfer experiments revealed higher exchange rates and lower activation barriers when electron-deficient aldehydes were employed. Likewise, competitive equilibrium studies indicated a thermodynamic preference for electron-deficient aryl and sterically unhindered alkyl aldehydes compared to more electron-rich or bulkier substrates. Collectively, these and other data collected were consistent with the oxiranation process proceeding in an asynchronous manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Chase
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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491
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Maaliki C, Lepetit C, Duhayon C, Canac Y, Chauvin R. Carbene-Stabilized Phosphenium Oxides and Sulfides. Chemistry 2012; 18:16153-60. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 09/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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492
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Makhloufi A, Frank W, Ganter C. Converting Caffeine to Electronically Different N-Heterocyclic Carbenes with a Hypoxanthine Backbone. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300836w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Makhloufi
- Institut für
Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Walter Frank
- Institut für
Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Ganter
- Institut für
Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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493
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Yan X, Bouffard J, Guisado-Barrios G, Donnadieu B, Bertrand G. Anionic 1,2,3-Triazole-4,5-diylidene: A 1,2-Dihapto Ligand for the Construction of Bimetallic Complexes. Chemistry 2012; 18:14627-31. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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494
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495
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496
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Schulz T, Leibold M, Färber C, Maurer M, Porsch T, Holthausen MC, Siemeling U. Unexpected thermal decomposition of the "Alder carbene" (iPr2N)2C. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:9123-5. [PMID: 22864196 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc34208a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The "Alder carbene" (iPr(2)N)(2)C undergoes a β-fragmentation in solution already at room temperature, affording propene and N,N,N'-triisopropylformamidine. This stands in sharp contrast to the indefinite stability previously claimed for this iconic compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Schulz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, D-34132 Kassel, Germany
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497
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Dielmann F, Back O, Henry-Ellinger M, Jerabek P, Frenking G, Bertrand G. A Crystalline Singlet Phosphinonitrene: A Nitrogen Atom-Transfer Agent. Science 2012; 337:1526-8. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1226022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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498
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Wang Y, Xie Y, Abraham MY, Gilliard RJ, Wei P, Campana CF, Schaefer HF, Schleyer PVR, Robinson GH. NHC-Stabilized Triorganozincates: Syntheses, Structures, and Transformation to Abnormal Carbene-Zinc Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:10173-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201204712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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499
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Ung G, Bertrand G. CF Bond Activation with an Apparently Benign Ethynyl Dithiocarbamate, and Subsequent Fluoride Transfer Reactions. Chemistry 2012; 18:12955-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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500
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Wang Y, Xie Y, Abraham MY, Gilliard RJ, Wei P, Campana CF, Schaefer HF, Schleyer PVR, Robinson GH. NHC-Stabilized Triorganozincates: Syntheses, Structures, and Transformation to Abnormal Carbene-Zinc Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201204712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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