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Fukunishi T, Best CA, Sugiura T, Shoji T, Yi T, Udelsman B, Ohst D, Ong CS, Zhang H, Shinoka T, Breuer CK, Johnson J, Hibino N. Tissue-Engineered Small Diameter Arterial Vascular Grafts from Cell-Free Nanofiber PCL/Chitosan Scaffolds in a Sheep Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158555. [PMID: 27467821 PMCID: PMC4965077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) have the potential to overcome the issues faced by existing small diameter prosthetic grafts by providing a biodegradable scaffold where the patient’s own cells can engraft and form functional neotissue. However, applying classical approaches to create arterial TEVGs using slow degrading materials with supraphysiological mechanical properties, typically results in limited host cell infiltration, poor remodeling, stenosis, and calcification. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of novel small diameter arterial TEVGs created using fast degrading material. A 1.0mm and 5.0mm diameter TEVGs were fabricated with electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) and chitosan (CS) blend nanofibers. The 1.0mm TEVGs were implanted in mice (n = 3) as an unseeded infrarenal abdominal aorta interposition conduit., The 5.0mm TEVGs were implanted in sheep (n = 6) as an unseeded carotid artery (CA) interposition conduit. Mice were followed with ultrasound and sacrificed at 6 months. All 1.0mm TEVGs remained patent without evidence of thrombosis or aneurysm formation. Based on small animal outcomes, sheep were followed with ultrasound and sacrificed at 6 months for histological and mechanical analysis. There was no aneurysm formation or calcification in the TEVGs. 4 out of 6 grafts (67%) were patent. After 6 months in vivo, 9.1 ± 5.4% remained of the original scaffold. Histological analysis of patent grafts demonstrated deposition of extracellular matrix constituents including elastin and collagen production, as well as endothelialization and organized contractile smooth muscle cells, similar to that of native CA. The mechanical properties of TEVGs were comparable to native CA. There was a significant positive correlation between TEVG wall thickness and CD68+ macrophage infiltration into the scaffold (R2 = 0.95, p = 0.001). The fast degradation of CS in our novel TEVG promoted excellent cellular infiltration and neotissue formation without calcification or aneurysm. Modulating host macrophage infiltration into the scaffold is a key to reducing excessive neotissue formation and stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Fukunishi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Cameron A. Best
- Tissue Engineering and Center for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Tadahisa Sugiura
- Tissue Engineering and Center for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Toshihiro Shoji
- Tissue Engineering and Center for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Tai Yi
- Tissue Engineering and Center for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Brooks Udelsman
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Devan Ohst
- Nanofiber Solutions Inc, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Chin Siang Ong
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Huaitao Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Toshiharu Shinoka
- Tissue Engineering and Center for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Christopher K. Breuer
- Tissue Engineering and Center for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Jed Johnson
- Nanofiber Solutions Inc, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Narutoshi Hibino
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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452
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Wolf F, Vogt F, Schmitz-Rode T, Jockenhoevel S, Mela P. Bioengineered vascular constructs as living models for in vitro cardiovascular research. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:1446-1455. [PMID: 27126777 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases represent the most common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In this review, we explore the potential of bioengineered vascular constructs as living models for in vitro cardiovascular research to advance the current knowledge of pathophysiological processes and support the development of clinical therapies. Bioengineered vascular constructs capable of recapitulating the cellular and mechanical environment of native vessels represent a valuable platform to study cellular interactions and signaling cascades, test drugs and medical devices under (patho)physiological conditions, with the additional potential benefit of reducing the number of animals required for preclinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Wolf
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Textile Implants, Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix Vogt
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Intensive Care and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmitz-Rode
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Textile Implants, Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Department of Cardiovascular Engineering, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Jockenhoevel
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Textile Implants, Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Institut für Textiltechnik, RWTH Aachen University, Otto-Blumenthal-Str. 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials, Maastricht University at Chemelot Campus, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands.
| | - Petra Mela
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Textile Implants, Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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