451
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Mosinger J, Kliment V, Sejbal J, Kubát P, Lang K. Host-guest complexes of anionic porphyrin sensitizers with cyclodextrins. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424602000646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The photodynamic sensitizers zinc(II)- and palladium(II)-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrins and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin form 1:1 and/or 1:2 supramolecular complexes with native cyclodextrins (CD) and 2-hydroxypropyl cyclodextrins (hpCD) in aqueous neutral solutions. The formation of these assemblies causes a bathochromic shift of the porphyrin Soret band in the UV-vis spectra and a red shift of the fluorescence emission bands. The binding constants span over three orders of magnitude, from 8.1 × 102 M −1 to 5.4 × 105 M −1 (or 1.1 × 106 M −2) depending on the size of the CD cavity and on the functionalization by adding 2-hydroxypropyl groups. The highest binding constants were obtained for hpβCD and hpγCD. The Nuclear Overhauser spectroscopy signals (ROESY) revealed three binding modes: i) inclusion of the porphyrin 4-sulfonatophenyl or 4-carboxyphenyl groups via the secondary face of βCD and hpβCD with sulfonic or carboxylic groups oriented towards the primary hydroxyl groups. ii) inclusion of the porphyrin groups via the primary face of γCD and hpγCD. iii) non-specific binding of the porphyrin monomers or aggregates on the cyclodextrin exterior. The inclusion host-guest complexation via i) or ii) does not influence the inherent photophysical properties of the monomeric porphyrins such as the quantum yields of fluorescence, the triplet states, and the singlet oxygen formation. Due to the deaggregation effect of cyclodextrins, the inclusion complexes remain efficient supramolecular sensitizers of singlet oxygen even under conditions of extensive aggregation in aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Mosinger
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, 2030 Hlavova, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 250 68 Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Kliment
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, 2030 Hlavova, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Sejbal
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, 2030 Hlavova, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kubát
- J.Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Lang
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 250 68 Řež, Czech Republic
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452
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Marin ML, Santos-Juanes L, Arques A, Amat AM, Miranda MA. Organic photocatalysts for the oxidation of pollutants and model compounds. Chem Rev 2011; 112:1710-50. [PMID: 22040166 DOI: 10.1021/cr2000543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Luisa Marin
- Instituto Universitario Mixto de Tecnología Química-Departamento de Química (UPV-CSIC), Avda. de los Naranjos s/n, E-46022, Valencia, Spain
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453
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Uchoa AF, de Oliveira KT, Baptista MS, Bortoluzzi AJ, Iamamoto Y, Serra OA. Chlorin photosensitizers sterically designed to prevent self-aggregation. J Org Chem 2011; 76:8824-32. [PMID: 21932835 DOI: 10.1021/jo201568n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and photophysical evaluation of new chlorin derivatives are described. The Diels-Alder reaction between protoporphyrin IX dimethyl ester and substituted maleimides furnishes endo-adducts that completely prevent the self-aggregation of the chlorins. Fluorescence, resonant light scattering (RLS) and (1)H NMR experiments, as well as X-ray crystallographic have demonstrated that the configurational arrangement of the synthesized chlorins prevent π-stacking interactions between macrocycles, thus indicating that it is a nonaggregating photosensitizer with high singlet oxygen (Φ(Δ)) and fluorescence (Φ(f)) quantum yields. Our results show that this type of synthetic strategy may provide the lead to a new generation of PDT photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adjaci F Uchoa
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil.
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454
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Abstract
Photo-induced damage to proteins occurs via multiple pathways. Direct damage induced by UVB (λ 280-320 nm) and UVA radiation (λ 320-400 nm) is limited to a small number of amino acid residues, principally tryptophan (Trp), tyrosine (Tyr), histidine (His) and disulfide (cystine) residues, with this occurring via both excited state species and radicals. Indirect protein damage can occur via singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)(1)Δ(g)), with this resulting in damage to Trp, Tyr, His, cystine, cysteine (Cys) and methionine (Met) residues. Although initial damage is limited to these residues multiple secondary processes, that occur both during and after radiation exposure, can result in damage to other intra- and inter-molecular sites. Secondary damage can arise via radicals (e.g. Trp, Tyr and Cys radicals), from reactive intermediates generated by (1)O(2) (e.g. Trp, Tyr and His peroxides) and via molecular reactions of photo-products (e.g. reactive carbonyls). These processes can result in protein fragmentation, aggregation, altered physical and chemical properties (e.g. hydrophobicity and charge) and modulated biological turnover. Accumulating evidence implicates these events in cellular and tissue dysfunction (e.g. apoptosis, necrosis and altered cell signaling), and multiple human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David I Pattison
- The Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia
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455
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Kopecky K, Novakova V, Miletin M, Kučera R, Zimcik P. Synthesis of new azaphthalocyanine dark quencher and evaluation of its quenching efficiency with different fluorophores. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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456
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In vitro and in vivo studies of the utility of dimethyl and diethyl carbaporphyrin ketals in treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 55:4755-64. [PMID: 21788471 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00671-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbaporphyrin ketals are porphyrinoid compounds in which a pyrrole ring of a typical porphyrin macrocycle has been replaced by a ketal-substituted indene ring. It was recently demonstrated that these compounds are effective in vitro against Leishmania tarentolae. Their in vitro effectiveness is increased when they are exposed to visible light; they act as photosensitizers capable of mediating the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Following on this evidence, the effectiveness and cytotoxicity of the dimethyl and diethyl carbaporphyrin ketals (CKOMe and CKOEt, respectively) were determined in vitro using pathogenic Leishmania species with and without exposure to visible light (2 and 4 h). The effectiveness against various pathogenic Leishmania species was determined to be in a micromolar range. Additionally, the effect of encapsulating the carbaporphyrin ketals in liposome formulations was tested. Liposomal delivery diminished their toxicity, while the effectiveness was enhanced upon exposure to visible light (photodynamic effect). The cytotoxicity levels for human U937 cells and hamster peritoneal macrophages were in the ranges of 0.3 to 9 μM and 7 to 330 μM, respectively. When tested in vivo, using a hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) model of cutaneous leishmaniasis, CKOMe was active even in the dark, suggesting that the compound, once metabolized in the animal tissue, produces an active ingredient that does not seem to be photosensitive. Reduction in lesion size, histopathologic analyses, and smears confirmed the in vivo effectiveness of the compound, since the parasitic load was diminished without noticeable toxic effects.
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457
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Donzello MP, Vittori D, Viola E, Manet I, Mannina L, Cellai L, Monti S, Ercolani C. Tetra-2,3-pyrazinoporphyrazines with Externally Appended Pyridine Rings. 9. Novel Heterobimetallic Macrocycles and Related Hydrosoluble Hexacations as Potentially Active Photo/Chemotherapeutic Anticancer Agents. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:7391-402. [DOI: 10.1021/ic200498s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ilse Manet
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Luciano Cellai
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Sandra Monti
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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458
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Yang K, Delaney JT, Schubert US, Fahr A. Fast high-throughput screening of temoporfin-loaded liposomal formulations prepared by ethanol injection method. J Liposome Res 2011; 22:31-41. [DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2011.584319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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459
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Gerola AP, Santana A, França PB, Tsubone TM, de Oliveira HPM, Caetano W, Kimura E, Hioka N. Effects of metal and the phytyl chain on chlorophyll derivatives: physicochemical evaluation for photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms. Photochem Photobiol 2011; 87:884-94. [PMID: 21501173 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2011.00935.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Chlorophyll compounds and their derivatives containing metal or phytyl chain can be used as photosensitizer in photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms (PDI). So, the physicochemical properties and antimicrobial effect of chlorophyll derivatives were investigated: Mg-chlorophyll (Mg-Chl), Zn-chlorophyll (Zn-Chl), Zn-chlorophyllide (Zn-Chlde), Cu-chlorophyll (Cu-Chl), pheophytin (Pheo) and pheophorbide (Pheid). The photobleaching experiments showed photostability according to Cu-Chl > Pheo ∼ Pheid ≫ Zn-Chl ∼ Zn-Chlde > Mg-Chl. This order was discussed in terms of metal and the phytyl chain presences. Pheid and Zn-Chl in aqueous Tween 80 solution exhibited highest singlet oxygen yield compared with the other derivatives. Chlorophyll derivatives (CD) with phytyl chain was limited by the self-aggregation phenomenon at high concentrations, even in micellar systems (Tween 80 and P-123). The antimicrobial effect of CD derivatives was investigated against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Artemia salina. Pheid showed the best results against all organisms tested, Zn-Chlde was an excellent bactericide in the dark and Cu-Chl had no PDI effect. No correlation with CD uptake by microorganisms and darkness cytotoxicity was found. The physicochemical properties allied to bioassays results indicate that Mg-Chl, Pheo, Zn-Chl and Pheid are good candidates for PDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana P Gerola
- Chemistry Department, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
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460
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Xiao L, Gu L, Howell SB, Sailor MJ. Porous silicon nanoparticle photosensitizers for singlet oxygen and their phototoxicity against cancer cells. ACS NANO 2011; 5:3651-9. [PMID: 21452822 PMCID: PMC3104024 DOI: 10.1021/nn1035262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Porous Si nanoparticles, prepared from electrochemically etched single crystal Si wafers, function as photosensitizers to generate (1)O(2) in ethanol and in aqueous media. The preparation conditions for the porous Si nanoparticles were optimized to maximize (1) the yield of material; (2) its quantum yield of (1)O(2) production; and (3) its in vitro degradation properties. The optimal formulation was determined to consist of nanoparticles 146 ± 7 nm in diameter, with nominal pore sizes of 12 ± 4 nm. The quantum yield for (1)O(2) production is 0.10 ± 0.02 in ethanol and 0.17 ± 0.01 in H(2)O. HeLa or NIH-3T3 cells treated with 100 μg/mL porous Si nanoparticles and exposed to 60 J/cm(2) white light (infrared filtered, 100 mW/cm(2) for 10 min) exhibit ∼45% cell death, while controls containing no nanoparticles show 10% or 25% cell death, respectively. The dark control experiment yields <10% cytotoxicity for either cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xiao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Luo Gu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA
| | - Stephen B. Howell
- Department of Medicine and the Moores UCSD, Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0819, USA
| | - Michael J. Sailor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA
- Adress correspondence to Fax: (+1) 858 534 5383,
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461
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Kopecky K, Novakova V, Miletin M, Kucera R, Zimcik P. Solid-phase synthesis of azaphthalocyanine-oligonucleotide conjugates and their evaluation as new dark quenchers of fluorescence. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 21:1872-9. [PMID: 20853840 DOI: 10.1021/bc100226x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophobic nonaggregating metal-free azaphthalocyanines (AzaPc) of the tetrapyrazinoporphyrazine type were synthesized, characterized, and used for oligonucleotide labeling. Both 3'-end and 5'-end labeling methods using solid phase synthesis suitable for automatic processes in the DNA/RNA synthesizer were developed. The hydrophobic character of AzaPc enabled the anchoring of the conjugates on reverse phase of the oligonucleotide purification cartridge, thus enabling their simple purification. AzaPc did not show any fluorescence and extremely low singlet oxygen quantum yields (Φ(Δ) = 0.015-0.018 in DMF) in a monomeric state due to ultrafast intramolecular charge transfer. That is why they were investigated as a new dark quencher structural type. They profit particularly from absorption in a wide range of wavelengths (300-740 nm) that covers all fluorophores used in hybridization assays nowadays. As an example, quenching efficiency was evaluated in a simple hybridization assay using monolabeled probes. AzaPc-based probes efficiently quenched both fluorescein and Cy5 fluorescence by both resonance energy transfer and contact quenching. The results were compared with three established dark quenchers, and the AzaPc exerted better (BHQ-1 and BHQ-2) or comparable (BBQ-650) quenching efficiencies for both fluorophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Kopecky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Control, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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462
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Dąbrowski JM, Urbanska K, Arnaut LG, Pereira MM, Abreu AR, Simões S, Stochel G. Biodistribution and photodynamic efficacy of a water-soluble, stable, halogenated bacteriochlorin against melanoma. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:465-75. [PMID: 21265022 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201000524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro phototoxicity of a photostable, synthetic, water-soluble, halogenated bacteriochlorin, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(2-chloro-5-sulfophenyl)bacteriochlorin (TCPBSO3H), toward mouse melanoma (S91) cells is ∼60-fold higher than that of the analogous porphyrin, and is associated with very weak toxicity in the dark; 90% of S91 cells were killed in response to a light dose of 0.26 J cm(-2) in the presence of [TCPBSO3H]=5 μM. In vivo toxicity toward DBA mice is very low, even at doses of 20 mg kg(-1). In vivo pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of TCPBSO3H were studied in DBA mice with S91 tumors; 24 h after intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg kg(-1), TCPBSO3H demonstrated preferential accumulation in S91 mouse melanoma, with tumor-to-normal tissue ratios of 3 and 5 for muscle and skin, respectively. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) performed under these conditions, with 90 mW cm(-2) diode laser irradiation at λ 750 nm for 20 min (total light dose of 108 J cm(-2)), resulted in tumor regression. Tumor recurrence was observed only approximately two months after treatment, confirming the efficacy of this PDT against melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz M Dąbrowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland.
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463
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Blue and red light modulates SigB-dependent gene transcription, swimming motility and invasiveness in Listeria monocytogenes. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16151. [PMID: 21264304 PMCID: PMC3019169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a number of gram-positive bacteria, including Listeria, the general stress response is regulated by the alternative sigma factor B (SigB). Common stressors which lead to the activation of SigB and the SigB-dependent regulon are high osmolarity, acid and several more. Recently is has been shown that also blue and red light activates SigB in Bacillus subtilis. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS By qRT-PCR we analyzed the transcriptional response of the pathogen L. monocytogenes to blue and red light in wild type bacteria and in isogenic deletion mutants for the putative blue-light receptor Lmo0799 and the stress sigma factor SigB. It was found that both blue (455 nm) and red (625 nm) light induced the transcription of sigB and SigB-dependent genes, this induction was completely abolished in the SigB mutant. The blue-light effect was largely dependent on Lmo0799, proving that this protein is a genuine blue-light receptor. The deletion of lmo0799 enhanced the red-light effect, the underlying mechanism as well as that of SigB activation by red light remains unknown. Blue light led to an increased transcription of the internalin A/B genes and of bacterial invasiveness for Caco-2 enterocytes. Exposure to blue light also strongly inhibited swimming motility of the bacteria in a Lmo0799- and SigB-dependent manner, red light had no effect there. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our data established that visible, in particular blue light is an important environmental signal with an impact on gene expression and physiology of the non-phototrophic bacterium L. monocytogenes. In natural environments these effects will result in sometimes random but potentially also cyclic fluctuations of gene activity, depending on the light conditions prevailing in the respective habitat.
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464
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Oelgemöller M, Mattay J, Görner H. Direct Photooxidation and Xanthene-Sensitized Oxidation of Naphthols: Quantum Yields and Mechanism. J Phys Chem A 2010; 115:280-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jp108832x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Oelgemöller
- School of Pharmacy and Molecular Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia, Organische Chemie I, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany, and Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, D-45413 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Jochen Mattay
- School of Pharmacy and Molecular Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia, Organische Chemie I, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany, and Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, D-45413 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Helmut Görner
- School of Pharmacy and Molecular Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia, Organische Chemie I, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany, and Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, D-45413 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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465
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Ragàs X, Sánchez-García D, Ruiz-González R, Dai T, Agut M, Hamblin MR, Nonell S. Cationic porphycenes as potential photosensitizers for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. J Med Chem 2010; 53:7796-803. [PMID: 20936792 PMCID: PMC2981434 DOI: 10.1021/jm1009555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Structures of typical photosensitizers used in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy are based on porphyrins, phthalocyanines, and phenothiazinium salts, with cationic charges at physiological pH values. However, derivatives of the porphycene macrocycle (a structural isomer of porphyrin) have barely been investigated as antimicrobial agents. Therefore, we report the synthesis of the first tricationic water-soluble porphycene and its basic photochemical properties. We successfully tested it for in vitro photoinactivation of different Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as a fungal species (Candida) in a drug-dose and light-dose dependent manner. We also used the cationic porphycene in vivo to treat an infection model comprising mouse third degree burns infected with a bioluminescent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain. There was a 2.6-log(10) reduction (p < 0.001) of the bacterial bioluminescence for the PDT-treated group after irradiation with 180 J·cm(-2) of red light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Ragàs
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona 08017, Spain
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | | | | | - Tianhong Dai
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Montserrat Agut
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona 08017, Spain
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Santi Nonell
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona 08017, Spain
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466
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Jiang LY, He S, Jiang KZ, Sun CR, Pan YJ. Resveratrol and its oligomers from wine grapes are selective (1)O2 quenchers: mechanistic implication by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry and theoretical calculation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:9020-9027. [PMID: 20677737 DOI: 10.1021/jf102005z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol and its oligomers, abundantly present in wine grapes, are believed to be effective phytoalexins for the phenomenon "French paradox" partially by virtue of their powerful antiradical properties. EPR spin-trapping technique was utilized, demonstrating all polyphenols were selective (1)O2 quenchers but not effective (•)OH and O2(•¯) scavengers. On the basis of the HPLC-ESI-MS(2) analysis for the simulated reactions of polyphenols with (1)O2, the molecular weights of the resulting photochemical products were 14 or 28 Da higher than those of their substrates. No fragment C2H2O (42 Da), which was rather distinctive of the resorcinol rings in these cases, had been observed, whereas their MS/MS spectra displayed characteristic neutral fragments including carbon monoxide (CO, 28 Da) and 2-hydroxy[1,4]benzoquinone (C6H4O3, 124 Da). Finally, PM3 semiempirical calculations and HR-FTICR-MS experiments were performed, supporting the assertion that their quenching mechanism involved physical and chemical pathways. Chemical quenching underwent an endoperoxide intermediate form to generate quinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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467
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Lovell JF, Liu TWB, Chen J, Zheng G. Activatable photosensitizers for imaging and therapy. Chem Rev 2010; 110:2839-57. [PMID: 20104890 DOI: 10.1021/cr900236h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1225] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan F Lovell
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, Ontario Cancer Institute, University of Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
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468
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Donzello MP, Viola E, Cai X, Mannina L, Ercolani C, Kadish KM. Tetra-2,3-pyrazinoporphyrazines with Externally Appended Pyridine Rings. 8. Central (ZnII, CuII, MgII(H2O), CdII) and Exocyclic (PdII) Metal Ion Binding in Heteropentametallic Complexes from Tetrakis-2,3-[5,6-di(2-pyridyl)pyrazino]porphyrazine. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:2447-56. [DOI: 10.1021/ic902317h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pia Donzello
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Elisa Viola
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Xiaohui Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, 77204-5003
| | - Luisa Mannina
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy, and Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche, CNR, I-00016, Monterotondo Staz., Roma, Italy
| | - Claudio Ercolani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Karl M. Kadish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, 77204-5003
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469
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Direct measurement of singlet oxygen produced by four chlorin-ringed chlorophyll species in acetone solution. Chem Phys Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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470
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Kong L, Tedrow O, Chan YFK, Zepp RG. Light-initiated transformations of fullerenol in aqueous media. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:9155-9160. [PMID: 20000505 DOI: 10.1021/es901839q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We provide the first evidence that a fullerene derivative can be extensively mineralized under environmental conditions by direct photolysis. Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) was identified as a major photoproduct of fullerenol, a hydroxylated C(60) molecule and the ratio of moles DIC produced to moles of fullerenol reacted reached 28 or approximately 47% of complete mineralization on extensive irradiation by simulated solar radiation. The direct photoreaction kinetics of fullerenol in dilute aqueous solution can be described by pH-dependent biexponential rate expressions. This photoreaction slowed by a factor of 2 in nitrogen-saturated water. The oxygen dependence is attributed to photoinduced electron or hydrogen atom transfer from fullerenol to oxygen to produce superoxide ions with a quantum yield of 6.2 x 10(-4). Fullerenol can photosensitize the production of singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)) in dilute aqueous solution with quantum yields ranging from 0.10 in acidic water to 0.05 in neutral and basic solution. However our results indicate that chemical reactions involving diffusive encounters between (1)O(2) or superoxide and fullerenol are too slow to significantly contribute to the fast component of fullerenol photoreaction in sunlight. The pH dependence of the direct and sensitized photoreactions is attributed to changes in intramolecular hemiketal formation in fullerenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Kong
- National Research Council Associate, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, NERL/ERD, Athens Georgia 30605, USA
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471
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Ventura B, Barbieri A, Zanelli A, Barigelletti F, Seneclauze JB, Diring S, Ziessel R. Excited-State Dynamics in a Dyad Comprising Terpyridine-Platinum(II) Ethynylene Linked to Pyrrolidino-[60]Fullerene. Inorg Chem 2009; 48:6409-16. [DOI: 10.1021/ic900069r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ventura
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISOF-CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Barbieri
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISOF-CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Zanelli
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISOF-CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Barigelletti
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISOF-CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Julie Batcha Seneclauze
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Spectroscopies Avancées, Ecole de Chimie, Polymères, Matériaux (ECPM), Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
| | - Stéphane Diring
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Spectroscopies Avancées, Ecole de Chimie, Polymères, Matériaux (ECPM), Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
| | - Raymond Ziessel
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Spectroscopies Avancées, Ecole de Chimie, Polymères, Matériaux (ECPM), Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
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472
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Tempesti TC, Stockert JC, Durantini EN. Photosensitization ability of a water soluble zinc(II)tetramethyltetrapyridinoporphyrazinium salt in aqueous solution and biomimetic reverse micelles medium. J Phys Chem B 2009; 112:15701-7. [PMID: 19053687 DOI: 10.1021/jp808094q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The spectroscopic properties and the photodynamic activity of a highly water soluble zinc(II)tetramethyltetrapyridino[2,3-b:2',3'-g:2",3"-l:2"',3'''-q]porphyrazinium salt (ZnTM2,3PyPz) were investigated in aqueous homogeneous solution and in biomimetic reverse micelles medium bearing photooxidizable biological substrates. Absorption and fluorescence spectroscopic studies indicate that ZnTM2,3PyPz is dissolved as monomer in water and in n-heptane/sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT, 0.1 M)/water (W0 = 30) micellar system. Fluorescence quantum yields (phi F) of 0.29 and 0.27 were calculated for ZnTM2,3PyPz in water and in AOT micelles, respectively. Spectroscopic analysis at different AOT concentrations showed interaction between ZnTM2,3PyPz and AOT reverse micelles with a binding constant (Kb) of 1.7 x 10(3) M(-1). The photosensitization ability of ZnTM2,3PyPz was evaluated using 9,10-dimethylanthracene (DMA). Singlet molecular oxygen, O2(1 delta g), production yielded values of phi(delta) = 0.65 for ZnTM2,3PyPz in AOT micelles. Also, ZnTM2,3PyPz induced efficiently the decomposition of the amino acid L-tryptophan (Trp) and the nucleotide guanosine 5'-monophosphate (GMP) in both media. A value of approximately 3.6 x 10(7) s(-1) M(-1) was found for the second order rate constant of Trp (k(r)(Trp)) decomposition in the AOT system, which is near to that found in pure water. Moreover, ZnTM2,3PyPz formed stable complexes with GMP with a binding constant of K(GMP) = 1.0 x 10(3) M(-1). 1H NMR studies indicated that ZnTM2,3PyPz interacts mainly with the guanine moiety more than the sugar part of GMP. On the other hand, the photodynamic activity of ZnTM2,3PyPz produced decomposition of GMP. Quantification of GMP by HPLC indicates that the nucleotide is photooxidized with a k(obs)(GMP) = 2.6 x 10(-4) s(-1) in water. Photooxidation of GMP considerably increases in deuteriated water indicating that ZnTM2,3PyPz appears to perform its photosensitizing action via the intermediacy of O2(1delta g). Also, efficient sensitized decomposition was observed in micellar media resembling that in pure water. These results provide a better understanding of the effective photodynamic action produced by ZnTM2,3PyPz like a potential phototherapeutic agent for the treatment of neoplastic diseases by photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas C Tempesti
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal Nro. 3, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
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473
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Eradication of bacteria in suspension and biofilms using methylene blue-loaded dynamic nanoplatforms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 53:3042-8. [PMID: 19414585 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01604-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial killing efficiency of a dynamic nanoplatform (DNP) was evaluated. The polyacrylamide (PAA) hydrogel matrix of the DNP was loaded with methylene blue (MB) and was previously applied successfully to killing rat C6 glioma tumor cells in culture. This series of experiments is aimed at determining the suitability of this nanoplatform for elimination of bacterial infections. Suspended cultures of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Acinetobacter sp. were exposed to activated ( approximately 650-nm laser light) MB-PAA-DNPs. The killing efficiency of nanoparticle mass concentration, light irradiance and fluence, and dark incubation time was determined on each of the bacterial species. Moreover, the ability of activated MB-PAA-DNPs to inhibit biofilm growth and eradicate and disperse preformed biofilms, preformed on glass and polystyrene surfaces, was demonstrated. The data revealed that activated MB-PAA-DNPs eradicated all species of bacteria examined. Also, encapsulation of MB into the PAA-DNP matrix significantly diminished the observed dark toxicity of free dye. The photobactericidal efficacy of MB-PAA-DNP was found to be higher for gram-positive bacteria than for gram-negative bacteria. In addition, activated MB-PAA-DNP can inhibit biofilm growth and eradicate almost all of the early-age biofilms that are formed by all of the bacteria examined.
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474
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Reeve JE, Collins HA, Mey KD, Kohl MM, Thorley KJ, Paulsen O, Clays K, Anderson HL. Amphiphilic Porphyrins for Second Harmonic Generation Imaging. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:2758-9. [PMID: 19209855 DOI: 10.1021/ja8061369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James E. Reeve
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K., Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hazel A. Collins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K., Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kurt De Mey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K., Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael M. Kohl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K., Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karl J. Thorley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K., Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ole Paulsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K., Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Clays
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K., Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Harry L. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K., Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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475
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Funes MD, Caminos DA, Alvarez MG, Fungo F, Otero LA, Durantini EN. Photodynamic properties and photoantimicrobial action of electrochemically generated porphyrin polymeric films. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:902-908. [PMID: 19245034 DOI: 10.1021/es802450b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Spectroscopic and photodynamic properties of polymeric films bearing porphyrin units have been studied in both solution containing photooxidizable substrates and in vitro on Escherichia coli and Candida albicans microorganisms. The films were formed by electrochemical polymerization of 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-N,N-diphenylaminophenyl)porphyrin (H2P-film) and its complex with Pd(II) (PdP-film) on optically transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. Absorption spectroscopic studies show the characteristic Soret and Q bands of the porphyrin in the visible region and a band at approximately 350 nm corresponding to the tetraphenylbenzidine units. Upon excitation, the H2P-film exhibits two bands of fluorescence emission from porphyrin, while it is not detected using PdP-film. The singlet molecular oxygen, O2(1Deltag), productions of these surfaces were evaluated using 9,10-dimethylanthracene in N,N-dimethylformamide. Also, the photodynamic activity was compared in solutions of L-tryptophan. Under these conditions, oxidation of these substrates takes place indicating an efficient photodynamic action of both polymeric films. In vitro investigations show that these films produce photosensitized inactivation of microbial cells in aqueous suspensions. These films exhibit a photosensitizing activity causing a approximately 3 log decrease of E. coil and approximately 2.5 log of C. albicans cellular survival after 30 min of irradiation with visible light. The photodynamic effect of the surfaces was also tested by growth delay experiments. The results indicate that porphyrins immobilized on electropolymeric films are interesting and versatile photodynamic surfaces to inactivate microorganisms in liquid suspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías D Funes
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal Nro. 3, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
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476
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Immobilization of porphyrins in poly(hydroxymethylsiloxane). CHEMICAL PAPERS 2009. [DOI: 10.2478/s11696-009-0037-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThree tetracationic porphyrins differing in the position of charged nitrogen atoms on the peripheral substituents — 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(N-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrin (TMPyP4), 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(N-methylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin (TMPyP2), 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-trimethylammoniophenyl) porphyrin (TMAPP), and hydrophobic 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP), were immobilized by adsorption and encapsulation in poly(hydroxymethylsiloxane) (PHOMS). The so prepared porphyrin-PHOMS composites were characterized by porosimetry, scanning electron microscopy, fluorescence and diffuse reflectance UV-VIS spectroscopy. It was found that porphyrins are immobilized in the PHOMS matrix in the free base monomer form Their irradiation produced singlet oxygen O2(1Δg) with the lifetime of 10–30 μs.
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477
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Rossi LM, Silva PR, Vono LLR, Fernandes AU, Tada DB, Baptista MS. Protoporphyrin IX nanoparticle carrier: preparation, optical properties, and singlet oxygen generation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:12534-8. [PMID: 18834155 DOI: 10.1021/la800840k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study is focused on developing a nanoparticle carrier for the photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX for use in photodynamic therapy. The entrapment of protoporphyrin IX (Pp IX) in silica spheres was achieved by modification of Pp IX molecules with an organosilane reagent. The immobilized drug preserved its optical properties and the capacity to generate singlet oxygen, which was detected by a direct method from its characteristic phosphorescence decay curve at near-infrared and by a chemical method using 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran to trap singlet oxygen. The lifetime of singlet oxygen when a suspension of Pp IX-loaded particles in acetonitrile was excited at 532 nm was determined as 52 micros, which is in good agreement with the value determined for methylene blue in acetonitrile solution under the same conditions. The Pp IX-loaded silica particles have an efficiency of singlet oxygen generation (eta Delta) higher than the quantum yield of free porphyrins. This high efficiency of singlet oxygen generation was attributed to changes on the monomer-dimer equilibrium after photosentisizer immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liane M Rossi
- Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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478
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Shimakoshi H, Baba T, Iseki Y, Endo A, Adachi C, Watanabe M, Hisaeda Y. Photosensitizing properties of the porphycene immobilized in sol–gel derived silica coating films. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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479
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Donzello MP, Viola E, Bergami C, Dini D, Ercolani C, Giustini M, Kadish KM, Meneghetti M, Monacelli F, Rosa A, Ricciardi G. Tetra-2,3-pyrazinoporphyrazines with Externally Appended Pyridine Rings. 6. Chemical and Redox Properties and Highly Effective Photosensitizing Activity for Singlet Oxygen Production of Penta- and Monopalladated Complexes in Dimethylformamide Solution. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:8757-66. [DOI: 10.1021/ic800678m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pia Donzello
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35121, Padova, Italy, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Basilicata, Via N. Sauro 85, I-85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Elisa Viola
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35121, Padova, Italy, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Basilicata, Via N. Sauro 85, I-85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Costanza Bergami
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35121, Padova, Italy, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Basilicata, Via N. Sauro 85, I-85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Danilo Dini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35121, Padova, Italy, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Basilicata, Via N. Sauro 85, I-85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Claudio Ercolani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35121, Padova, Italy, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Basilicata, Via N. Sauro 85, I-85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Mauro Giustini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35121, Padova, Italy, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Basilicata, Via N. Sauro 85, I-85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Karl M. Kadish
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35121, Padova, Italy, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Basilicata, Via N. Sauro 85, I-85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Moreno Meneghetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35121, Padova, Italy, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Basilicata, Via N. Sauro 85, I-85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Monacelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35121, Padova, Italy, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Basilicata, Via N. Sauro 85, I-85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Angela Rosa
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35121, Padova, Italy, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Basilicata, Via N. Sauro 85, I-85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Ricciardi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35121, Padova, Italy, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Basilicata, Via N. Sauro 85, I-85100, Potenza, Italy
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480
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Khdair A, Gerard B, Handa H, Mao G, Shekhar MPV, Panyam J. Surfactant−Polymer Nanoparticles Enhance the Effectiveness of Anticancer Photodynamic Therapy. Mol Pharm 2008; 5:795-807. [DOI: 10.1021/mp800026t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Khdair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, Breast Cancer Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 110 East Warren Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48201, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, College of Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, and Department of Pathology,
| | - Brigitte Gerard
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, Breast Cancer Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 110 East Warren Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48201, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, College of Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, and Department of Pathology,
| | - Hitesh Handa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, Breast Cancer Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 110 East Warren Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48201, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, College of Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, and Department of Pathology,
| | - Guangzhao Mao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, Breast Cancer Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 110 East Warren Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48201, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, College of Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, and Department of Pathology,
| | - Malathy P. V. Shekhar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, Breast Cancer Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 110 East Warren Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48201, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, College of Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, and Department of Pathology,
| | - Jayanth Panyam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, Breast Cancer Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 110 East Warren Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48201, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, College of Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, and Department of Pathology,
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481
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Listorti A, Accorsi G, Rio Y, Armaroli N, Moudam O, Gégout A, Delavaux-Nicot B, Holler M, Nierengarten JF. Heteroleptic copper(I) complexes coupled with methano[60]fullerene: synthesis, electrochemistry, and photophysics. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:6254-61. [PMID: 18578489 DOI: 10.1021/ic800315e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Heteroleptic copper(I) complexes CuPOP-F and CuFc-F have been prepared from a fullerene-substituted phenanthroline ligand and bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl] ether (POP) and 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (dppFc), respectively. Electrochemical studies indicate that some ground-state electronic interaction between the fullerene subunit and the metal-complexed moiety are present in both CuPOP-F and CuFc-F. Their photophysical properties have been investigated by steady state and time-resolved UV-vis-NIR luminescence spectroscopy and nanosecond laser flash photolysis in a CH2Cl2 solution and compared to those of the corresponding model copper(I) complexes CuPOP and CuFc and of the fullerene model compound F. Selective excitation of the methanofullerene moiety in CuPOP-F results in regular deactivation of the lowest singlet and triplet states, indicating no intercomponent interactions. Conversely, excitation of the copper(I)-complexed unit (405 nm, 40% selectivity) shows that the strongly luminescent triplet metal-to-ligand charge-transfer ((3)MLCT) excited state located at 2.40 eV is quenched by the carbon sphere with a rate constant of 1.6 x 10(8) s(-1). Details on the mechanism of photodynamic processes in CuPOP-F via transient absorption are hampered by the rather unfavorable partition of light excitation between the two chromophores. By determination of the yield of formation of the lowest fullerene triplet level through sensitized singlet oxygen luminescence in the NIR region, it is shown that the final sink of photoinduced processes is always the fullerene triplet. This can be populated via a two-step charge-separation charge-recombination process and a less favored (3)MLCT --> (3)C60 triplet-triplet energy-transfer pathway. In CuFc-F, both of the photoexcited copper(I)-complexed and fullerene moieties are quenched by the presence of the ferrocene unit, most likely via ultrafast energy transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Listorti
- Molecular Photoscience Group, Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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482
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Zhang Y, Aslan K, Previte MJR, Geddes CD. Plasmonic engineering of singlet oxygen generation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:1798-802. [PMID: 18252825 PMCID: PMC2538842 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0709501105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we report metal-enhanced singlet oxygen generation (ME(1)O2). We demonstrate a direct relationship between the singlet oxygen yield of a common photosensitizer (Rose Bengal) and the theoretical electric field enhancement or enhanced absorption of the photosensitizer in proximity to metallic nanoparticles. Using a series of photosensitizers, sandwiched between silver island films (SiFs), we report that the extent of singlet oxygen enhancement is inversely proportional to the free space singlet oxygen quantum yield. By modifying plasmon coupling parameters, such as nanoparticle size and shape, fluorophore/particle distance, and the excitation wavelength of the coupling photosensitizer, we can readily tune singlet oxygen yields for applications in singlet oxygen-based clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxia Zhang
- Institute of Fluorescence, Laboratory for Advanced Medical Plasmonics, and Laboratory for Advanced Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Medical Biotechnology Center, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Kadir Aslan
- Institute of Fluorescence, Laboratory for Advanced Medical Plasmonics, and Laboratory for Advanced Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Medical Biotechnology Center, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Michael J. R. Previte
- Institute of Fluorescence, Laboratory for Advanced Medical Plasmonics, and Laboratory for Advanced Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Medical Biotechnology Center, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Chris D. Geddes
- Institute of Fluorescence, Laboratory for Advanced Medical Plasmonics, and Laboratory for Advanced Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Medical Biotechnology Center, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201
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483
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Fukuzumi S, Ohkubo K, Zheng X, Chen Y, Pandey RK, Zhan R, Kadish KM. Metal Bacteriochlorins Which Act as Dual Singlet Oxygen and Superoxide Generators. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:2738-46. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0766757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, Chemistry Division, Photodynamic Therapy Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute (RPCI), Buffalo, New York 14263, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003
| | - Kei Ohkubo
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, Chemistry Division, Photodynamic Therapy Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute (RPCI), Buffalo, New York 14263, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003
| | - Xiang Zheng
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, Chemistry Division, Photodynamic Therapy Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute (RPCI), Buffalo, New York 14263, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003
| | - Yihui Chen
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, Chemistry Division, Photodynamic Therapy Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute (RPCI), Buffalo, New York 14263, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003
| | - Ravindra K. Pandey
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, Chemistry Division, Photodynamic Therapy Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute (RPCI), Buffalo, New York 14263, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003
| | - Riqiang Zhan
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, Chemistry Division, Photodynamic Therapy Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute (RPCI), Buffalo, New York 14263, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003
| | - Karl M. Kadish
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, Chemistry Division, Photodynamic Therapy Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute (RPCI), Buffalo, New York 14263, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003
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484
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Effects on gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria mediated by 5-aminolevulinic Acid and 5-aminolevulinic acid derivatives. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008; 52:1366-73. [PMID: 18195063 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01372-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due mainly to the extensive use of antibiotics, the spread of multiresistant bacterial strains is one of the most worrying threats to public health. One strategy that can be used to overcome potential shortcomings might be the inactivation of these microorganisms by 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) or 5-ALA derivative-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT). 5-ALA has no photoactive properties, but when it is given exogenously, it acts as a precursor of photosensitive porphyrins predominantly in tissues or organisms that are characterized by a high metabolic turnover, such as tumors, macrophages, and bacteria. However, the weak ability of 5-ALA to cross biological barriers has led to the introduction of more lipophilic derivatives, such as methyl aminolevulinate or hexyl aminolevulinate, which display improved capacities to reach the cytoplasm. Starting from the hypothesis that more lipophilic compounds carrying only a permanent positive charge under physiological conditions may more easily cross the bacterial multilayer barrier, we have tested the efficacies of some 5-ALA n-alkyl esters for the inactivation of bacteria. For this purpose, different bacterial strains were incubated with 5-ALA or its corresponding esters of different lipophilicities. Then, the bacteria were irradiated with light and the numbers of CFU post-PDT were counted and compared to those for the controls, which were kept in the dark. Furthermore, the total amount of accumulated porphyrins was quantified by high-pressure liquid chromatography analysis. In our studies, analysis of the bacterial extracts revealed the presence of all the porphyrins involved in heme biosynthesis, from uroporphyrin to protoporphyin IX. The efficacy of bacterial inactivation was a function of the total amount of porphyrins produced, independently of their nature. The 5-ALA methyl and butyl esters were the most effective compounds with respect to the photodynamic inactivation of bacteria. We observed significant differences in terms of the optimal drug concentration, bactericidal activities, and porphyrin production.
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485
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Zoltan T, Vargas F, Izzo C. UV-Vis Spectrophotometrical and Analytical Methodology for the Determination of Singlet Oxygen in New Antibacterials Drugs. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY INSIGHTS 2007. [DOI: 10.4137/117739010700200015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We have determined and quantified spectrophotometrically the capacity of producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) as 1O2 during the photolysis with UV-A light of 5 new synthesized naphthyl ester derivates of well-known quinolone antibacterials (nalidixic acid (1), cinoxacin (2), norfloxacin (3), ciprofloxacin (4) and enoxacin (5)). The ability of the naphthyl ester derivatives (6-10) to generate singlet oxygen were detecting and for the first time quantified by the histidine assay, a sensitive, fast and inexpensive method. The following tendency of generation of singlet oxygen was observed: compounds 7 >10 > 6 > 8 > 9 >> parent drugs 1-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Zoltan
- Laboratorio de Fotoquímica, Centro de Química, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 21827, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela
| | - Franklin Vargas
- Laboratorio de Fotoquímica, Centro de Química, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 21827, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela
| | - Carla Izzo
- Laboratorio de Fotoquímica, Centro de Química, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 21827, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela
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486
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Xu H, Jiang XJ, Chan EYM, Fong WP, Ng DKP. Synthesis, photophysical properties and in vitro photodynamic activity of axially substituted subphthalocyanines. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:3987-92. [PMID: 18043804 DOI: 10.1039/b712788j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new series of subphthalocyanines substituted axially with an oligoethylene glycol chain [SPcB(OCH(2)CH(2))(n)OH, n = 3 (2) or 4 (3)] or a p-phenoxy oligoethylene glycol methyl ether chain [SPcBOC(6)H(4)(OCH(2)CH(2))(n)OCH(3), n = 2 (4) or 3 (5)] have been synthesised by substitution reactions of boron subphthalocyanine chloride SPcBCl (1) with the corresponding oligoethylene glycols, and characterised with various spectroscopic methods and elemental analysis. The molecular structure of one of these compounds (subphthalocyanine 4) has also been determined. As revealed by absorption spectroscopy, these compounds are essentially non-aggregated in DMF. The low aggregation tendency of these compounds results in a strong fluorescence emission and high efficiency to generate singlet oxygen. All these subphthalocyanines, being formulated with Cremophor EL, function as efficient photosensitisers and exhibit a high photocytotoxicity against HepG2 human hepatocarcinoma and HT29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells. The phenoxy analogues 4 and 5 show a relatively high photostability and are particularly potent towards these cell lines, with IC(50) values down to 0.02 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Novel Functional Molecules, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
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487
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Hanaoka K, Kikuchi K, Kobayashi S, Nagano T. Time-Resolved Long-Lived Luminescence Imaging Method Employing Luminescent Lanthanide Probes with a New Microscopy System. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:13502-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja073392j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenjiro Hanaoka
- Contribution from the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, and Products Development Department 2, Micro-Imaging Systems Division, OLYMPUS CORPORATION, 2951 Ishikawa-cho, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-8507, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kikuchi
- Contribution from the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, and Products Development Department 2, Micro-Imaging Systems Division, OLYMPUS CORPORATION, 2951 Ishikawa-cho, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-8507, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kobayashi
- Contribution from the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, and Products Development Department 2, Micro-Imaging Systems Division, OLYMPUS CORPORATION, 2951 Ishikawa-cho, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-8507, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nagano
- Contribution from the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, and Products Development Department 2, Micro-Imaging Systems Division, OLYMPUS CORPORATION, 2951 Ishikawa-cho, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-8507, Japan
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488
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Kramarenko GG, Hummel SG, Martin SM, Buettner GR. Ascorbate reacts with singlet oxygen to produce hydrogen peroxide. Photochem Photobiol 2007; 82:1634-7. [PMID: 16898858 PMCID: PMC2147043 DOI: 10.1562/2006-01-12-rn-774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen is a highly reactive electrophilic species that reacts rapidly with electron-rich moieties, such as the double bonds of lipids, thiols, and ascorbate (AscH-). The reaction of ascorbate with singlet oxygen is rapid (k = 3 x 10(8) M(-1) s(-1)). Here we have investigated the stoichiometry of this reaction. Using electrodes to make simultaneous, real-time measurements of oxygen and hydrogen peroxide concentrations, we have investigated the products of this reaction. We have demonstrated that hydrogen peroxide is a product of this reaction. The stoichiometry for the reactants of the reaction (1 1O2 + 1AscH--->1H2O2 + 1dehydroascorbic) is 1:1. The formation of H2O2 results in a very different oxidant that has a longer lifetime and much greater diffusion distance. Thus, locally produced singlet oxygen with a half-life of 1 ns to 1 micros in a biological setting is changed to an oxidant that has a much longer lifetime and thus can diffuse to distant targets to initiate biological oxidations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina G Kramarenko
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology and The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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489
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Kazakov DV, Schmidt R. On the Effect of 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane on the Singlet-Oxygen Dimol Emission: Photosensitized Generation of (1O2)2. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:4274-9. [PMID: 17455925 DOI: 10.1021/jp070630o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved singlet-oxygen dimol luminescence has been recorded upon laser-pulsed photosensitization of singlet oxygen by 2-acetonaphthone or 1-H-phenalen-1-one in perfluorobenzene, perdeuterobenzene, and perdeuteroacetonitrile. It is shown that 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) does not enhance radiative properties of the dimol species generated by the photosensitization. Instead, DABCO strongly reduces the singlet-oxygen dimol luminescence. Rate constants for the quenching of the dimol luminescence by DABCO have been determined for the three solvents used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri V Kazakov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ufa Scientific Center of the RAS, 71 Prospect Oktyabrya, 450054 Ufa, Russia.
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490
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Kazakov DV, Kazakov VP, Maistrenko GY, Mal'zev DV, Schmidt R. On the Effect of 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane on the Singlet-Oxygen Dimol Emission: Chemical Generation of (1O2)2 in Peroxide Reactions. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:4267-73. [PMID: 17455924 DOI: 10.1021/jp070629p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The acetone-catalyzed decomposition of monoperoxysulfate ions, the molybdate ion-induced decay of hydrogen peroxide, and the reactions of N-chlorosuccinimide or N-bromosuccinimide with hydrogen peroxide and of dimethyldioxirane with tertiary amines as well as the thermal decomposition of 1,4-dimethylnaphthalene endoperoxide lead to the chemiluminescence of singlet-oxygen dimol species (1O2)2 emitting at 634 and 703 nm. In contrast to the expected enhancement of (1O2)2 chemiluminescence upon addition of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) [Deneke, C.F.; Krinsky, N. I. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 3041. Di Mascio, P.; Sies, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 2909.], quenching has been observed. Our data show that enhancement of singlet-oxygen dimol chemiluminescence is not a general phenomenon and, consequently, DABCO is not a reliable chemiluminescent probe for the presence of (1O2)2 in chemical and biochemical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri V Kazakov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ufa Scientific Center of the RAS, 71 Prospect Oktyabrya, 450054 Ufa, Russia
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491
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Engelmann FM, Mayer I, Gabrielli DS, Toma HE, Kowaltowski AJ, Araki K, Baptista MS. Interaction of cationic meso-porphyrins with liposomes, mitochondria and erythrocytes. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2007; 39:175-85. [PMID: 17436065 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-007-9075-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2006] [Accepted: 12/18/2006] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Two series of cationic porphyrins meso-(3N-methylpyridinium)phenylporphyrin (3P1, 3P2c, 3P2t, 3P3 and 3P4) and meso-(4N-methylpyridinium)phenylporphyrin (4P1, 4P2c, 4P2t, 4P3 and 4P4) were studied to obtain a comprehensive understanding of factors that influence the binding of cationic porphyrins to liposomes and mitochondria, as well as their photodynamic efficiencies in erythrocytes. Binding and photodynamic efficiency were found to be inversely proportional to the number of positively charged groups and directly proportional to n-octanol/water partition coefficients (log P(OW)), except for the cis molecules 3P2c and 4P2c. In the cis molecules, binding and photodynamic efficiency were much higher than expected, indicating that specific interactions not accounted by log P(OW) enhance photodynamic efficiency. The effect of mitochondrial transmembrane electrochemical potentials on cationic porphyrin binding constants was estimated to be as large as 15%, and may be useful to selectively target this organelle when promoting photodynamic therapy to induce apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio M Engelmann
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, C. Postal 26077, CEP 05513-970, São Paulo, Brazil
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492
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Mikes J, Kleban J, Sacková V, Horváth V, Jamborová E, Vaculová A, Kozubík A, Hofmanová J, Fedorocko P. Necrosis predominates in the cell death of human colon adenocarcinoma HT-29 cells treated under variable conditions of photodynamic therapy with hypericin. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2007; 6:758-66. [PMID: 17609769 DOI: 10.1039/b700350a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) represents a new rapidly-developing anticancer approach based on administration of a non- or weakly-toxic photosensitizer and its activation with light of appropriate wavelength. Hypericin, one of the promising photosensitizers, is known to induce apoptosis with high efficiency in various cell line models. However, here we report the prevalence of necrosis accompanied by suppression of caspase-3 activation in colon adenocarcinoma HT-29 cells exposed to an extensive range of PDT doses evoked by variations in two variables -- hypericin concentration and light dose. Necrosis was the principal mode of cell death despite different PDT doses and the absence of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression, even if the same condition induced caspase-3 activity at similar toxicity in HeLa cells. Introduction of Bcl-2 into HT-29 cells invoked caspase-3 activation, changed the Bcl-X(L) expression pattern, increased the apoptosis ratio with no effect on overall toxicity, and supported arrest in the G(2)/M-phase of cell cycle. Since it is known that Bcl-2 suppression in HT-29 is reversible and linked to the over-expression of mutated p53 and also considering our data, we suggest that the mutation in p53 and events linked to this feature may play a role in cell death signalling in HT-29 colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaromír Mikes
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P J Safárik University, Moyzesova 11, 040 01, Kosice, Slovak Republic
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493
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Mody TD, Fu L, Sessler JL. Texaphyrins: Synthesis and Development of a Novel Class of Therapeutic Agents. PROGRESS IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470166512.ch5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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494
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Lee C, Kim H, Cho Y, Lee WI. The properties of porous silicon as a therapeutic agent via the new photodynamic therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/b700892a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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495
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Abdel-Shafi AA, Ward MD, Schmidt R. Mechanism of quenching by oxygen of the excited states of ruthenium(ii) complexes in aqueous media. Solvent isotope effect and photosensitized generation of singlet oxygen, O2(1Δg), by [Ru(diimine)(CN)4]2−complex ions. Dalton Trans 2007:2517-27. [PMID: 17563787 DOI: 10.1039/b704895e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study we report on the photophysical properties of some [RuL(CN)4](2-) complex ions where L = 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy), 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (dmb), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), 1-ethyl-2-(2-pyridyl)benzimidazole (pbe), 2,2':6',2'''-terpyridine (tpy) and [RuL3](2+) where L = bpy or phen. Measurements were carried out in H2O and D2O. The effect of the deuterium isotope effect on the lifetime of these complexes is discussed. It has also been found that the presence of cyano groups has a pronounced effect on the lifetime of the excited metal-to-ligand charge transfer ((3)MLCT) of these complexes. Quenching of the (3)MLCT states by oxygen is reported in H2O and D2O. The rate constants, k(q), for quenching of the (3)MLCT states of these ruthenium complex ions by molecular oxygen are in the range (2.55 to 7.01) x 10(9) M(-1) s(-1) in H2O and (3.38 to 5.69) x 10(9) M(-1) s(-1) in D2O. The efficiency of singlet oxygen, O2((1)Delta(g)), production as a result of the (3)MLCT quenching by oxygen, f(Delta)(T), is reported in D2O and found to be in the range 0.29-0.52. The rate constants, k(q)(Delta), for quenching of singlet oxygen by ground state sensitizers in D2O is also reported and found to be in the range (0.15 to 3.46) x 10(7) M(-1) s(-1). The rate constants and the efficiency of singlet oxygen formation are quantitatively reproduced by a model that assumes the competition of a non-charge transfer (nCT) and a CT deactivation channel. nCT deactivation occurs from a fully established spin-statistical equilibrium of (1)(T1(3)Sigma) and (3)(T1(3)Sigma) encounter complexes by internal conversion (IC) to lower excited complexes that dissociate to yield O2((1)Delta(g)), and O2((3)Sigmag-). The balance between CT and nCT deactivation channels which is described by the relative contribution p(CT) of CT induced deactivation is discussed. The kinetic model proposed for the quenching of pi-pi* triplet states by oxygen can also be applied to the quenching of (3)MLCT states by oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman A Abdel-Shafi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, 11566, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt.
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496
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Caminos DA, Durantini EN. A simple experiment to show photodynamic inactivation of bacteria on surfaces. BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EDUCATION : A BIMONTHLY PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2007; 35:64-69. [PMID: 21591058 DOI: 10.1002/bmb.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
New suitable approaches were investigated to visualize the photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of bacteria immobilized on agar surfaces. The PDI capacities of a cationic photosensitizer (5,10,15,20-tetra(4-N,N,N-trimethylammoniumphenyl)porphyrin) and an anionic photosensitizer (5,10,15,20-tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin) were analyzed on a typical Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli following two procedures. In Experiment I, the E. coli cells were grown as lawn on agar surface containing the sensitizers spread in a small area (10 nmol in ∼0.6 cm(2) ). After irradiation with visible light (10 min, 90 milliwatts/cm(2) ), no cells were grown in the area containing the cationic porphyrin. In Experiment II, small colonies (∼2-mm diameter) of E. coli on agar were treated with a solution of sensitizer (10 nmol) and irradiated with visible light for 3 h. Overnight incubation at 37 °C shows a growth delay of E. coli colonies treated with the cationic photosensitizer. In contrast, the anionic porphyrin did not produce appreciable photodamage. These experiments could be either used in an undergraduate project for natural science advance students or used for a postgraduate practical training course. This methodology illustrates the application of PDI to treat bacteria growing as localized foci of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Caminos
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal Nro 3, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
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497
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Abdel-Shafi AA, Bourdelande JL, Ali SS. Photosensitized generation of singlet oxygen from rhenium(i) and iridium(iii) complexes. Dalton Trans 2007:2510-6. [PMID: 17563786 DOI: 10.1039/b705524b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photophysical properties in dilute acetonitrile solution are reported for a number of iridium(III) and rhenium(I) complexes. The nature of the lowest excited state of the complexes under investigation is either metal-to-ligand charge transfer ((3)MLCT) or a ligand centred ((3)LC) state. Rate constants, k(q), for quenching of the lowest excited states by molecular oxygen are in the range 1.5 x 10(8) to 1.4 x 10(10) M(-1) s(-1). Efficiency of singlet oxygen production, f(Delta)(T), following oxygen quenching of the lowest excited states of these complexes, are in the range of 0.27-1.00. The rate constants and the efficiency of singlet oxygen formation are quantitatively reproduced by a model that assumes the competition between a non-charge transfer (nCT) and a CT deactivation channel. The balance between CT and nCT deactivation channels, which is described by the relative contribution p(CT) of CT induced deactivation, is discussed. The kinetic model is found to be successfully applied in the case of quenching of the excited triplet states of coordination compounds by oxygen in acetonitrile, as was proposed for the quenching of pi-pi* triplet states by oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman A Abdel-Shafi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, 11566, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt.
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498
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Jańczyk A, Krakowska E, Stochel G, Macyk W. Singlet Oxygen Photogeneration at Surface Modified Titanium Dioxide. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:15574-5. [PMID: 17147351 DOI: 10.1021/ja065970m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Substitution of surface -OH groups of TiO2 may influence competition between photoinduced energy and electron-transfer processes and lead to improved singlet oxygen generation. In contrast to neat TiO2, surface modified titanium dioxide can photocatalyze degradation of a very stable substance, cyanuric acid. Presented results are in contradiction to usually accepted hypothesis of the mechanism of cyanuric acid photodegradation in the presence of fluorinated TiO2 (F-TiO2) in which "bulk" hydroxyl radicals play a key role. It seems plausible that the difference of activity observed for TiO2 and F-TiO2 is not related to various types of generated hydroxyl radicals, but rather to competition between electron-transfer processes (formation of radicals) and energy-transfer processes (formation of singlet oxygen).
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Jańczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
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499
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Kramarenko GG, Hummel SG, Martin SM, Buettner GR. Ascorbate Reacts with Singlet Oxygen to Produce Hydrogen Peroxide. Photochem Photobiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2006.tb09823.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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500
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Engesaeter BØ, Tveito S, Bonsted A, Engebraaten O, Berg K, Maelandsmo GM. Photochemical treatment with endosomally localized photosensitizers enhances the number of adenoviruses in the nucleus. J Gene Med 2006; 8:707-18. [PMID: 16518880 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the present study the physical targeting technique photochemical internalization (PCI) has been used in combination with adenovirus. We have previously shown that PCI enhances transgene expression from AdhCMV-lacZ, and the aim of the present study was to further increase the understanding of photochemically mediated adenoviral transduction. METHODS Two colorectal carcinoma cell lines, WiDr and HCT116, were pre-incubated with the photosensitizer TPPS(2a) or methylene blue derivates (MBD) followed by infection with adenovirus and light exposure. Transgene expression was measured by flow cytometry. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were used to quantify the level of viral DNA in the nuclei. Real-time PCR was also used to measure the level of beta-galactosidase mRNA in samples infected with AdhCMV-lacZ. RESULTS Exposing TPPS(2a)-treated cells to light enhanced the quantity of viral DNA in the nucleus, the mRNA level of the transgene and the transgene expression compared to non-illuminated cells. The increased transgene expression was independent of the promoter used, but dependent on the time of light exposure and the cellular localization of the photosensitizer. CONCLUSIONS The enhanced transgene expression observed after photochemical treatment is most likely not a result of one event, but more an interplay between various mechanisms. An increased level of adenoviral DNA in the nucleus and a dependency of endosomal localization of the photosensitizer to obtain enhanced transgene expression suggested that endosomal rupture facilitated the transport of adenoviruses to the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Ø Engesaeter
- Department of Tumor Biology, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Health Enterprise, Montebello, N-0310 Oslo, Norway.
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