451
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A review of nanotechnological approaches for the prophylaxis of HIV/AIDS. Biomaterials 2013; 34:6202-28. [PMID: 23726227 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Successful treatment and control of HIV/AIDS is one of the biggest challenges of 21st century. More than 33 million individuals are infected with HIV worldwide and more than 2 million new cases of HIV infection have been reported. The situation demands development of effective prevention strategies to control the pandemic of AIDS. Due to lack of availability of an effective HIV vaccine, antiretroviral drugs and nucleic acid therapeutics like siRNA have been explored for HIV prophylaxis. Clinical trials shave shown that antiretroviral drugs, tenofovir and emtricitabine can offer some degree of HIV prevention. However, complete prevention of HIV infection has not been achieved yet. Nanotechnology has brought a paradigm shift in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of many diseases. The current review discusses potential of various nanocarriers such as dendrimers, polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, lipid nanocarriers, drug nanocrystals, inorganic nanocarriers and nanofibers in improving efficacy of various modalities available for HIV prophylaxis.
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452
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Li LH, Yen MY, Ho CC, Wu P, Wang CC, Maurya PK, Chen PS, Chen W, Hsieh WY, Chen HW. Non-cytotoxic nanomaterials enhance antimicrobial activities of cefmetazole against multidrug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64794. [PMID: 23705013 PMCID: PMC3660602 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae has led to difficulties in treating patients, and novel strategies to prevent and treat this infection are urgently needed. Here, we examined 21 different nanomaterials for their potential activity against N. gonorrhoeae (ATCC 49226). Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs, 120 nm) showed the greatest potency for reducing N. gonorrhoeae colony formation (MIC: 12.5 µg/ml) and possessed the dominant influence on the antibacterial activity with their properties of the nanoparticles within a concentration range that did not induce cytotoxicity in human fibroblasts or epithelial cells. Electron microscopy revealed that the Ag NPs significantly reduced bacterial cell membrane integrity. Furthermore, the use of clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant N. gonorrhoeae showed that combined treatment with 120 nm Ag NPs and cefmetazole produced additive effects. This is the first report to screen the effectiveness of nanomaterials against N. gonorrhoeae, and our results indicate that 120 nm Ag NPs deliver low levels of toxicity to human epithelial cells and could be used as an adjuvant with antibiotic therapy, either for topical use or as a coating for biomaterials, to prevent or treat multidrug-resistant N. gonorrhoeae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Hui Li
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Kunming Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Muh-Yong Yen
- Kunming Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Chi Ho
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping Wu
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Pawan Kumar Maurya
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pai-Shan Chen
- Department and Graduate Institute of Forensic Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yu Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Wen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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453
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Satapathy SR, Mohapatra P, Preet R, Das D, Sarkar B, Choudhuri T, Wyatt MD, Kundu CN. Silver-based nanoparticles induce apoptosis in human colon cancer cells mediated through p53. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2013; 8:1307-22. [PMID: 23514434 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The authors have systematically investigated the anticancer potentiality of silver-based nanoparticles (AgNPs) and the mechanism underlying their biological activity in human colon cancer cells. MATERIALS & METHODS Starch-capped AgNPs were synthesized, characterized and their biological activity evaluated through multiple biochemical assays. RESULTS AgNPs decreased the growth and viability of HCT116 colon cancer cells. AgNP exposure increased apoptosis, as demonstrated by an increase in 4´,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole-stained apoptotic nuclei, BAX/BCL-XL ratio, cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, p53, p21 and caspases 3, 8 and 9, and by a decrease in the levels of AKT and NF-κB. The cell population in the G1 phase decreased, and the S-phase population increased after AgNP treatment. AgNPs caused DNA damage and reduced the interaction between p53 and NF-κB. Interestingly, no significant alteration was noted in the levels of p21, BAX/BCL-XL and NF-κB after AgNP treatment in a p53-knockout HCT116 cell line. CONCLUSION AgNPs are bona fide anticancer agents that act in a p53-dependent manner. Original submitted 16 March 2012; Revised submitted 25 August 2012; Published online 21 March 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakti Ranjan Satapathy
- Cancer Biology Division, KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Orissa 751024, India
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454
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Eckhardt S, Brunetto PS, Gagnon J, Priebe M, Giese B, Fromm KM. Nanobio silver: its interactions with peptides and bacteria, and its uses in medicine. Chem Rev 2013; 113:4708-54. [PMID: 23488929 DOI: 10.1021/cr300288v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 509] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Eckhardt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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455
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Govender R, Phulukdaree A, Gengan RM, Anand K, Chuturgoon AA. Silver nanoparticles of Albizia adianthifolia: the induction of apoptosis in human lung carcinoma cell line. J Nanobiotechnology 2013; 11:5. [PMID: 23418790 PMCID: PMC3606379 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-11-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silver nanoparticles (AgNP), the most popular nano-compounds, possess unique properties. Albizia adianthifolia (AA) is a plant of the Fabaceae family that is rich in saponins. The biological properties of a novel AgNP, synthesized from an aqueous leaf extract of AA (AA(AgNP)), were investigated on A549 lung cells. Cell viability was determined by the MTT assay. Cellular oxidative status (lipid peroxidation and glutathione (GSH) levels), ATP concentration, caspase-3/-7, -8 and -9 activities were determined. Apoptosis, mitochondrial (mt) membrane depolarization (flow cytometry) and DNA fragmentation (comet assay) were assessed. The expression of CD95 receptors, p53, bax, PARP-1 and smac/DIABLO was evaluated by flow cytometry and/or western blotting. RESULTS Silver nanoparticles of AA caused a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability with a significant increase in lipid peroxidation (5-fold vs. control; p = 0.0098) and decreased intracellular GSH (p = 0.1184). A significant 2.5-fold decrease in cellular ATP was observed upon AA(AgNP) exposure (p = 0.0040) with a highly significant elevation in mt depolarization (3.3-fold vs. control; p < 0.0001). Apoptosis was also significantly higher (1.5-fold) in AA(AgNP) treated cells (p < 0.0001) with a significant decline in expression of CD95 receptors (p = 0.0416). Silver nanoparticles of AA caused a significant 2.5-fold reduction in caspase-8 activity (p = 0.0024) with contrasting increases in caspase-3/-7 (1.7-fold vs. control; p = 0.0180) and -9 activity (1.4-fold vs. control; p = 0.0117). Western blots showed increased expression of smac/DIABLO (4.1-fold) in treated cells (p = 0.0033). Furthermore, AA(AgNP) significantly increased the expression of p53, bax and PARP-1 (1.2-fold; p = 0.0498, 1.6-fold; p = 0.0083 and 1.1-fold; p = 0.0359 respectively). CONCLUSION Data suggests that AA(AgNP) induces cell death in the A549 lung cells via the mt mediated intrinsic apoptotic program. Further investigation is required to potentiate the use of this novel compound in cancer therapy trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishalan Govender
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag 7, Congella, Durban, 4013, South Africa
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456
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Govender R, Phulukdaree A, Gengan RM, Anand K, Chuturgoon AA. Silver nanoparticles of Albizia adianthifolia: the induction of apoptosis in human lung carcinoma cell line. J Nanobiotechnology 2013. [PMID: 23418790 DOI: 10.1186/1477–3155–11–5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silver nanoparticles (AgNP), the most popular nano-compounds, possess unique properties. Albizia adianthifolia (AA) is a plant of the Fabaceae family that is rich in saponins. The biological properties of a novel AgNP, synthesized from an aqueous leaf extract of AA (AA(AgNP)), were investigated on A549 lung cells. Cell viability was determined by the MTT assay. Cellular oxidative status (lipid peroxidation and glutathione (GSH) levels), ATP concentration, caspase-3/-7, -8 and -9 activities were determined. Apoptosis, mitochondrial (mt) membrane depolarization (flow cytometry) and DNA fragmentation (comet assay) were assessed. The expression of CD95 receptors, p53, bax, PARP-1 and smac/DIABLO was evaluated by flow cytometry and/or western blotting. RESULTS Silver nanoparticles of AA caused a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability with a significant increase in lipid peroxidation (5-fold vs. control; p = 0.0098) and decreased intracellular GSH (p = 0.1184). A significant 2.5-fold decrease in cellular ATP was observed upon AA(AgNP) exposure (p = 0.0040) with a highly significant elevation in mt depolarization (3.3-fold vs. control; p < 0.0001). Apoptosis was also significantly higher (1.5-fold) in AA(AgNP) treated cells (p < 0.0001) with a significant decline in expression of CD95 receptors (p = 0.0416). Silver nanoparticles of AA caused a significant 2.5-fold reduction in caspase-8 activity (p = 0.0024) with contrasting increases in caspase-3/-7 (1.7-fold vs. control; p = 0.0180) and -9 activity (1.4-fold vs. control; p = 0.0117). Western blots showed increased expression of smac/DIABLO (4.1-fold) in treated cells (p = 0.0033). Furthermore, AA(AgNP) significantly increased the expression of p53, bax and PARP-1 (1.2-fold; p = 0.0498, 1.6-fold; p = 0.0083 and 1.1-fold; p = 0.0359 respectively). CONCLUSION Data suggests that AA(AgNP) induces cell death in the A549 lung cells via the mt mediated intrinsic apoptotic program. Further investigation is required to potentiate the use of this novel compound in cancer therapy trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishalan Govender
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag 7, Congella, Durban, 4013, South Africa
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457
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Prabhu D, Arulvasu C, Babu G, Manikandan R, Srinivasan P. Biologically synthesized green silver nanoparticles from leaf extract of Vitex negundo L. induce growth-inhibitory effect on human colon cancer cell line HCT15. Process Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2012.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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458
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Krishnaraj RN, Berchmans S. In vitro antiplatelet activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized using the microorganism Gluconobacter roseus: an AFM-based study. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra41246f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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459
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Lisziewicz J, Tőke ER. Nanomedicine applications towards the cure of HIV. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2013; 9:28-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2012.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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460
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Kovacic P, Somanathan R. Nanoparticles: toxicity, radicals, electron transfer, and antioxidants. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1028:15-35. [PMID: 23740111 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-475-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, nanoparticles have received increasing attention in research and technology, including a variety of practical applications. The bioactivity appears to be related to the small particle size, in addition to inherent chemical activity as electron transfer (ET) agents, generators of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with subsequent oxidative stress (OS), and as antioxidants (AOs). The mechanism of toxicity, therapeutic action, and AO property is addressed based on the ET-ROS-OS approach. There are several main classes of ET functionalities, namely, quinones (or phenolic precursors), metal compounds, aromatic nitro compounds (or reduction products), and imine or iminium species. Most of the nanospecies fall within the metal category. Cell signaling is also discussed. This review discusses recent developments based on ET-ROS-OS-AO framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kovacic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
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461
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Mohammed Fayaz A, Ao Z, Girilal M, Chen L, Xiao X, Kalaichelvan P, Yao X. Inactivation of microbial infectiousness by silver nanoparticles-coated condom: a new approach to inhibit HIV- and HSV-transmitted infection. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:5007-18. [PMID: 23049252 PMCID: PMC3459690 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s34973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research suggests that today’s condoms are only 85% effective in preventing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted diseases. In response, there has been a push to develop more effective ways of decreasing the spread of the disease. The new nanotechnology-based condom holds the promise of being more potent than the first-generation products. The preliminary goal of this study was to develop a silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs)-coated polyurethane condom (PUC) and to investigate its antimicrobial potential including the inactivation of HIV and herpes simplex virus (HSV) infectiousness. The Ag-NPs-coated PUC was characterized by using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, high-resolution scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive analysis of X-ray spectroscopy. Nanoparticles were stable on the PUC and not washed away by water. Morphology of the PUC was retained after coating. The NP binding is due to its interaction with the nitrogen atom of the PUC. No significant toxic effects was observed when human HeLa cells, 293T and C8166 T cells were contacted to Ag-NPs-coated PUC for three hours. Interestingly, our results demonstrated that the contact of the Ag-NPs-coated PUC with HIV-1 and HSV-1/2 was able to efficiently inactivate their infectiousness. In an attempt to elucidate the antiviral action of the Ag-NPs, we have demonstrated that the anti-HIV activity was primarily mediated by the Ag-NPs, which are associated with the PUC. In addition, the data showed that both macrophage (M)-tropic and T lymphocyte (T)-tropic strains of HIV-1 were highly sensitive to the Ag-NPs-coated PUC. Furthermore, we also showed that the Ag-NPs-coated PUC was able to inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi. These results demonstrated that the Ag-NPs-coated PUC is able to directly inactivate the microbe’s infectious ability and provides another defense line against these sexually transmitted microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mohammed Fayaz
- Laboratory of Molecular Human Retrovirology, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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462
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Azizi K, Sohrabinia A. A DFT study on the interaction between adsorbed silver on C60 and disulfide bond. J Mol Graph Model 2012; 38:354-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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463
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Suriyakalaa U, Antony JJ, Suganya S, Siva D, Sukirtha R, Kamalakkannan S, Pichiah PBT, Achiraman S. Hepatocurative activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles fabricated using Andrographis paniculata. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2012; 102:189-94. [PMID: 23018020 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 06/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The current investigation was aimed to determine the hepatocurative role of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized rapidly using Andrographis paniculata. The nanoparticles fabricated at varying temperatures were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) alongside zeta potential measurement. UV-vis spectroscopic readings indicated a prominent peak at 423 nm. TEM analysis indicated that the biosynthesized nanospheres were in the size range of 13-27 nm. EDX spectrum indicated strong signal for AgNPs with 90.1% purity. The total concentration of AgNps was 216.7 mg/L after synthesis as by ICP-OES. Zeta potential was -34.3 mV indicating stable AgNPs. In vitro radical scavenging assay proved strong antioxidant effect of the AgNPs compared to 5% aqueous leaf extract. CCl(4) was used to induce hepatic injury in mice model. The biosynthesized AgNPs at three different doses (25, 50, 100mg/kg BW of the animal) were used for treatment. Silymarin was used as a standard. Low dose (25mg/kg BW) was effective in revival of all biological parameters to near normal in all intoxicated groups indicating the curing effects on CCl(4) induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udhayaraj Suriyakalaa
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 24, Tamil Nadu, India
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464
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Loo YY, Chieng BW, Nishibuchi M, Radu S. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles by using tea leaf extract from Camellia sinensis. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:4263-7. [PMID: 22904632 PMCID: PMC3418103 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s33344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of the biological synthesis of nanoparticles using microorganisms or plant extracts plays an important role in the field of nanotechnology as it is environmentally friendly and does not involve any harmful chemicals. In this study, the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the leaves extract of Chinese tea from Camellia sinensis is reported. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The XRD analysis shows that the synthesized silver nanoparticles are of face-centered cubic structure. Well-dispersed silver nanoparticles with an approximate size of 4 nm were observed in the TEM image. The application of the green synthesized nanoparticles can be used in many fields such as cosmetics, foods, and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuet Ying Loo
- Centre of Excellent for Food Safety Research, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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465
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Paladini F, Pollini M, Talà A, Alifano P, Sannino A. Efficacy of silver treated catheters for haemodialysis in preventing bacterial adhesion. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2012; 23:1983-1990. [PMID: 22584824 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-012-4674-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The growing resistance of many strains of bacteria to antibiotics and antiseptics is becoming a serious problem in medicine. Nano-silver is one of the most prominent products in medicine because it exhibits unusual physicochemical properties and a strong biological activity. In this work an innovative silver deposition technology was applied to temporary polyurethane catheters for haemodialysis. The working conditions of catheters were reproduced through laboratory equipment that ensured the flow of deionized water and simulated body fluid inside the lumina at corporeal temperature. The growth and the adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus on the surface of the device were studied through fluorescence microscopy. ICP-AES was adopted to calculate the amount of silver released from the substrate. The stability of the coating during the whole working life of the device was demonstrated through thermo-gravimetric analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Paladini
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
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466
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Trefry JC, Wooley DP. Rapid assessment of antiviral activity and cytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles using a novel application of the tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay. J Virol Methods 2012; 183:19-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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467
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You C, Han C, Wang X, Zheng Y, Li Q, Hu X, Sun H. The progress of silver nanoparticles in the antibacterial mechanism, clinical application and cytotoxicity. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:9193-201. [PMID: 22722996 PMCID: PMC7089021 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1792-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a highly promising field, with nanoparticles produced and utilized in a wide range of commercial products. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has been widely used in clothing, electronics, bio-sensing, the food industry, paints, sunscreens, cosmetics and medical devices, all of which increase human exposure and thus the potential risk related to their short- and long-term toxicity. Many studies indicate that AgNPs are toxic to human health. Interestingly, the majority of these studies focus on the interaction of the nano-silver particle with single cells, indicating that AgNPs have the potential to induce the genes associated with cell cycle progression, DNA damage and mitochondrial associated apoptosis. AgNPs administered through any method were subsequently detected in blood and were found to cause deposition in several organs. There are very few studies in rats and mice involving the in vivo bio-distribution and toxicity, organ accumulation and degradation, and the possible adverse effects and toxicity in vivo are only slowly being recognized. In the present review, we summarize the current data associated with the increased medical usage of nano-silver and its related nano-materials, compare the mechanism of antibiosis and discuss the proper application of nano-silver particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuangang You
- Department of Burns, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
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468
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Agalya Priyadarshini K, Murugan K, Panneerselvam C, Ponarulselvam S, Hwang JS, Nicoletti M. Biolarvicidal and pupicidal potential of silver nanoparticles synthesized using Euphorbia hirta against Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitol Res 2012; 111:997-1006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-2924-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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469
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Bankapur A, Krishnamurthy RS, Zachariah E, Santhosh C, Chougule B, Praveen B, Valiathan M, Mathur D. Micro-Raman spectroscopy of silver nanoparticle induced stress on optically-trapped stem cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35075. [PMID: 22514708 PMCID: PMC3325966 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We report here results of a single-cell Raman spectroscopy study of stress effects induced by silver nanoparticles in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). A high-sensitivity, high-resolution Raman Tweezers set-up has been used to monitor nanoparticle-induced biochemical changes in optically-trapped single cells. Our micro-Raman spectroscopic study reveals that hMSCs treated with silver nanoparticles undergo oxidative stress at doping levels in excess of 2 µg/ml, with results of a statistical analysis of Raman spectra suggesting that the induced stress becomes more dominant at nanoparticle concentration levels above 3 µg/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aseefhali Bankapur
- Centre for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | | | - Elsa Zachariah
- Centre for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Chidangil Santhosh
- Centre for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | | | - Bhavishna Praveen
- Centre for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Manna Valiathan
- Department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, India
| | - Deepak Mathur
- Centre for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal University, Manipal, India
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
- * E-mail:
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470
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Parboosing R, Maguire GEM, Govender P, Kruger HG. Nanotechnology and the treatment of HIV infection. Viruses 2012; 4:488-520. [PMID: 22590683 PMCID: PMC3347320 DOI: 10.3390/v4040488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Suboptimal adherence, toxicity, drug resistance and viral reservoirs make the lifelong treatment of HIV infection challenging. The emerging field of nanotechnology may play an important role in addressing these challenges by creating drugs that possess pharmacological advantages arising out of unique phenomena that occur at the “nano” scale. At these dimensions, particles have physicochemical properties that are distinct from those of bulk materials or single molecules or atoms. In this review, basic concepts and terms in nanotechnology are defined, and examples are provided of how nanopharmaceuticals such as nanocrystals, nanocapsules, nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanocarriers, micelles, liposomes and dendrimers have been investigated as potential anti-HIV therapies. Such drugs may, for example, be used to optimize the pharmacological characteristics of known antiretrovirals, deliver anti-HIV nucleic acids into infected cells or achieve targeted delivery of antivirals to the immune system, brain or latent reservoirs. Also, nanopharmaceuticals themselves may possess anti-HIV activity. However several hurdles remain, including toxicity, unwanted biological interactions and the difficulty and cost of large-scale synthesis of nanopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raveen Parboosing
- Department of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service/University of KwaZulu-Natal, c/o Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, 5th Floor Laboratory Building, 800 Bellair Road, Mayville, Durban 4091, South Africa
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +27-31-240-2816; Fax: +27-31-240-2797
| | - Glenn E. M. Maguire
- School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Varsity Drive, Durban 4001, South Africa; (G.E.M. M.); (H.G.K.)
| | - Patrick Govender
- School of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; (P.G.)
| | - Hendrik G. Kruger
- School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Varsity Drive, Durban 4001, South Africa; (G.E.M. M.); (H.G.K.)
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471
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Arvizo RR, Bhattacharyya S, Kudgus R, Giri K, Bhattacharya R, Mukherjee P. Intrinsic therapeutic applications of noble metal nanoparticles: past, present and future. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:2943-70. [PMID: 22388295 PMCID: PMC3346960 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs15355f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 487] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical nanotechnology is an evolving field having enormous potential to positively impact the health care system. Important biomedical applications of nanotechnology that may have potential clinical applications include targeted drug delivery, detection/diagnosis and imaging. Basic understanding of how nanomaterials, the building blocks of nanotechnology, interact with the cells and their biological consequences are beginning to evolve. Noble metal nanoparticles such as gold, silver and platinum are particularly interesting due to their size and shape dependent unique optoelectronic properties. These noble metal nanoparticles, particularly of gold, have elicited a lot of interest for important biomedical applications because of their ease of synthesis, characterization and surface functionalization. Furthermore, recent investigations are demonstrating another promising application of these nanomaterials as self-therapeutics. To realize the potential promise of these unique inorganic nanomaterials for future clinical translation, it is of utmost importance to understand a few critical parameters; (i) how these nanomaterials interact with the cells at the molecular level; (ii) how their biodistribution and pharmacokinetics influenced by their surface and routes of administration; (iii) mechanism of their detoxification and clearance and (iv) their therapeutic efficacy in appropriate disease model. Thus in this critical review, we will discuss the various clinical applications of gold, silver and platinum nanoparticles with relevance to above parameters. We will also mention various routes of synthesis of these noble metal nanoparticles. However, before we discuss present research, we will also look into the past. We need to understand the discoveries made before us in order to further our knowledge and technological development (318 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle R. Arvizo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905
| | | | | | - Karuna Giri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Resham Bhattacharya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Priyabrata Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905
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472
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Craig GE, Brown SD, Lamprou DA, Graham D, Wheate NJ. Cisplatin-Tethered Gold Nanoparticles That Exhibit Enhanced Reproducibility, Drug Loading, and Stability: a Step Closer to Pharmaceutical Approval? Inorg Chem 2012; 51:3490-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ic202197g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma E. Craig
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy
and Biomedical Sciences, Arbuthnott Building, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE,
United Kingdom
| | - Sarah D. Brown
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy
and Biomedical Sciences, Arbuthnott Building, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE,
United Kingdom
| | - Dimitrios A. Lamprou
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy
and Biomedical Sciences, Arbuthnott Building, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE,
United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Graham
- Centre for
Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied
Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building,
295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Nial J. Wheate
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy
and Biomedical Sciences, Arbuthnott Building, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE,
United Kingdom
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2171,
Australia
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473
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Gaynor D, Griffith DM. The prevalence of metal-based drugs as therapeutic or diagnostic agents: beyond platinum. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:13239-57. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt31601c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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474
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Photo-irradiated biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using edible mushroom pleurotus Florida and their antibacterial activity studies. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2011; 2011:650979. [PMID: 22190895 PMCID: PMC3235432 DOI: 10.1155/2011/650979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a report on photo-irradiated extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the aqueous extract of edible oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida) as a reducing agent. The appearance, size, and shape of the silver nanoparticles are understood by UV-visible spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The X-ray diffraction studies, energy dispersive X-ray analysis indicate that particles are crystalline in nature. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed that the nanoparticles are covered with biomoieties on their surface. As can be seen from our studies, the biofunctionalized silver nanoparticles thus produced have shown admirable antimicrobial effects, and the synthetic procedure involved is eco-friendly and simple, and hence high range production of the same can be considered for using them in many pharmaceutical applications.
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475
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Sharma D. A biologically friendly approach for silver nanoparticle formation and their in situ attachment to lecithin vesicles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 88:610-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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476
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Allahverdiyev AM, Abamor ES, Bagirova M, Ustundag CB, Kaya C, Kaya F, Rafailovich M. Antileishmanial effect of silver nanoparticles and their enhanced antiparasitic activity under ultraviolet light. Int J Nanomedicine 2011; 6:2705-14. [PMID: 22114501 PMCID: PMC3218584 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s23883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a protozoan vector-borne disease and is one of the biggest health problems of the world. Antileishmanial drugs have disadvantages such as toxicity and the recent development of resistance. One of the best-known mechanisms of the antibacterial effects of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) is the production of reactive oxygen species to which Leishmania parasites are very sensitive. So far no information about the effects of Ag-NPs on Leishmania tropica parasites, the causative agent of leishmaniasis, exists in the literature. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Ag-NPs on biological parameters of L. tropica such as morphology, metabolic activity, proliferation, infectivity, and survival in host cells, in vitro. Consequently, parasite morphology and infectivity were impaired in comparison with the control. Also, enhanced effects of Ag-NPs were demonstrated on the morphology and infectivity of parasites under ultraviolet (UV) light. Ag-NPs demonstrated significant antileishmanial effects by inhibiting the proliferation and metabolic activity of promastigotes by 1.5- to threefold, respectively, in the dark, and 2- to 6.5-fold, respectively, under UV light. Of note, Ag-NPs inhibited the survival of amastigotes in host cells, and this effect was more significant in the presence of UV light. Thus, for the first time the antileishmanial effects of Ag-NPs on L. tropica parasites were demonstrated along with the enhanced antimicrobial activity of Ag-NPs under UV light. Determination of the antileishmanial effects of Ag-NPs is very important for the further development of new compounds containing nanoparticles in leishmaniasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil M Allahverdiyev
- Department of Bioengineering, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey.
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477
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Lara HH, Ixtepan-Turrent L, Garza-Treviño EN, Badillo-Almaraz JI, Rodriguez-Padilla C. Antiviral mode of action of bovine dialyzable leukocyte extract against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. BMC Res Notes 2011; 4:474. [PMID: 22044844 PMCID: PMC3219789 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine dialyzable leukocyte extract (bDLE) is derived from immune leukocytes obtained from bovine spleen. DLE has demonstrated to reduce transcription of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) and inactivate the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Therefore, we decided to clarify the mode of antiviral action of bDLE on the inhibition of HIV-1 infection through a panel of antiviral assays. RESULTS The cytotoxicity, HIV-1 inhibition activity, residual infectivity of bDLE in HIV-1, time of addition experiments, fusion inhibition of bDLE for fusogenic cells and the duration of cell protection even after the removal of bDLE were all assessed in order to discover more about the mode of the antiviral action.HIV-1 infectivity was inhibited by bDLE at doses that were not cytotoxic for HeLa-CD4-LTR-β-gal cells. Pretreatment of HIV-1 with bDLE did not decrease the infectivity of these viral particles. Cell-based fusion assays helped to determine if bDLE could inhibit fusion of Env cells against CD4 cells by membrane fusion and this cell-based fusion was inhibited only when CD4 cells were treated with bDLE. Infection was inhibited in 80% compared with the positive (without EDL) at all viral life cycle stages in the time of addition experiments when bDLE was added at different time points. Finally, a cell-protection assay against HIV-1 infection by bDLE was performed after treating host cells with bDLE for 30 minutes and then removing them from treatment. From 0 to 7 hours after the bDLE was completely removed from the extracellular compartment, HIV-1 was then added to the host cells. The bDLE was found to protect the cells from HIV-1 infection, an effect that was retained for several hours. CONCLUSIONS bDLE acted as an antiviral compound and prevented host cell infection by HIV-1 at all viral life cycle stages. These cell protection effects lingered for hours after the bDLE was removed. Interestingly, bDLE inhibited fusion of fusogenic cells by acting only on CD4 cells. bDLE had no virucidal effect, but could retain its antiviral effect on target cells after it was removed from the extracellular compartment, protecting the cells from infection for hours.bDLE, which has no reported side effects or toxicity in clinical trials, should therefore be further studied to determine its potential use as a therapeutic agent in HIV-1 infection therapy, in combination with known antiretrovirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto H Lara
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
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478
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Surface tunability of nanoparticles in modulating platelet functions. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2011; 48:36-44. [PMID: 22033068 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2011.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Revised: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Metallic nanoparticles are attractive candidates as MRI contrast agents and mediators for drug delivery, diagnostics, and therapy. Direct contact and exposure to blood circulation is common in many such applications. The consequent thrombotic response may therefore be important to study. The main objective of the present work was to study how platelet functions were changed in the presence of different nano-surface or surface capping, which may provide a measure for the safety of a nanoparticle, and also assess the use of such nanoparticles in platelet modulation. Aggregometry, ATP release reaction, flow cytometry and immune-blotting studies were performed to study platelet response to different nano-particles (iron oxide, gold and silver). For each nanoparticle surface conjugation (capping) was varied. It was found that citric acid functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles have anti-platelet activity, with a decrease in aggregation, tyrosine phosphorylation level, and granule release. On the other hand in other cases (e.g. gold nanoparticles) pro-aggregatory response was observed in the presence of nanoparticles and, in some cases, the nanoparticles behaved neutrally (e.g. for starch-coated iron oxide nanoparticles). Therefore, nanoparticles can induce antiplatelet or a pro-aggregatory response, or remain neutral depending on surface capping. A related observation is that antiplatelet drugs can be made more potent by nanoparticle conjugation.
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479
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Galdiero S, Falanga A, Vitiello M, Cantisani M, Marra V, Galdiero M. Silver nanoparticles as potential antiviral agents. Molecules 2011; 16:8894-918. [PMID: 22024958 PMCID: PMC6264685 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16108894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 485] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus infections pose significant global health challenges, especially in view of the fact that the emergence of resistant viral strains and the adverse side effects associated with prolonged use continue to slow down the application of effective antiviral therapies. This makes imperative the need for the development of safe and potent alternatives to conventional antiviral drugs. In the present scenario, nanoscale materials have emerged as novel antiviral agents for the possibilities offered by their unique chemical and physical properties. Silver nanoparticles have mainly been studied for their antimicrobial potential against bacteria, but have also proven to be active against several types of viruses including human imunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, herpes simplex virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and monkey pox virus. The use of metal nanoparticles provides an interesting opportunity for novel antiviral therapies. Since metals may attack a broad range of targets in the virus there is a lower possibility to develop resistance as compared to conventional antivirals. The present review focuses on the development of methods for the production of silver nanoparticles and on their use as antiviral therapeutics against pathogenic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Galdiero
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Biostructures, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Naples, Italy; E-Mails: (S.G.); (A.F.); (M.C.)
- CIRPeB, Department of Biological Sciences, - Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Naples, Italy
- IBB CNR, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Annarita Falanga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Biostructures, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Naples, Italy; E-Mails: (S.G.); (A.F.); (M.C.)
| | - Mariateresa Vitiello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, II University of Naples, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy; E-Mails: (M.V.); (V.M.)
| | - Marco Cantisani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Biostructures, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Naples, Italy; E-Mails: (S.G.); (A.F.); (M.C.)
| | - Veronica Marra
- Department of Experimental Medicine, II University of Naples, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy; E-Mails: (M.V.); (V.M.)
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, II University of Naples, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy; E-Mails: (M.V.); (V.M.)
- CIRPeB, Department of Biological Sciences, - Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Naples, Italy
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480
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Lara HH, Ixtepan-Turrent L, Garza Treviño EN, Singh DK. Use of silver nanoparticles increased inhibition of cell-associated HIV-1 infection by neutralizing antibodies developed against HIV-1 envelope proteins. J Nanobiotechnology 2011; 9:38. [PMID: 21923937 PMCID: PMC3180349 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-9-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HIV/AIDS pandemic is a worldwide public health issue. There is a need for new approaches to develop new antiviral compounds or other therapeutic strategies to limit viral transmission. The envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41 of HIV are the main targets for both silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and neutralizing antibodies. There is an urgency to optimize the efficiency of the neutralizing antibodies (NABs). In this study, we demonstrated that there is an additive effect between the four NABs and AgNPs when combined against cell-associated HIV-1 infection in vitro Results Four NABs (Monoclonal antibody to HIV-1 gp41 126-7, HIV-1 gp120 Antiserum PB1 Sub 2, HIV-1 gp120 Antiserum PB1, HIV-1 gp120 Monoclonal Antibody F425 B4e8) with or without AgNPs of 30-50 nm in size were tested against cell free and cell-associated HIVIIIB virus. All NABs inhibited HIV-1 cell free infection at a dose response manner, but with AgNPs an antiviral additive effect was not achieved Although there was no inhibition of infection with cell-associated virus by the NABs itself, AgNPs alone were able to inhibit cell associated virus infection and more importantly, when mixed together with NABs they inhibited the HIV-1 cell associated infection in an additive manner. Discussion The most attractive strategies to deal with the HIV problem are the development of a prophylactic vaccine and the development of effective topical vaginal microbicide. For two decades a potent vaccine that inhibits transmission of infection of HIV has been searched. There are vaccines that elicit NABs but none of them has the efficacy to stop transmission of HIV-1 infection. We propose that with the addition of AgNPs, NABs will have an additive effect and become more potent to inhibit cell-associated HIV-1 transmission/infection. Conclusions The addition of AgNPs to NABs has significantly increased the neutralizing potency of NABs in prevention of cell-associated HIV-1 transmission/infection. Further exploration is required to standardize potentiation of NABs by AgNPs. It is also required to evaluate in vivo toxicity of AgNPs before AgNPs could be incorporated in any antiviral vaginal creams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto H Lara
- Department of Life Sciences, Winston-Salem State University, Winston Salem, NC 27110, USA
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481
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Mishra YK, Adelung R, Röhl C, Shukla D, Spors F, Tiwari V. Virostatic potential of micro-nano filopodia-like ZnO structures against herpes simplex virus-1. Antiviral Res 2011; 92:305-12. [PMID: 21893101 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2011.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) entry into target cell is initiated by the ionic interactions between positively charged viral envelop glycoproteins and a negatively charged cell surface heparan sulfate (HS). This first step involves the induction of HS-rich filopodia-like structures on the cell surface that facilitate viral transport during cell entry. Targeting this initial first step in HSV-1 pathogenesis, we generated different zinc oxide (ZnO) micro-nano structures (MNSs) that were capped with multiple nanoscopic spikes mimicking cell induced filopodia. These MNSs were predicted to target the virus to compete for its binding to cellular HS through their partially negatively charged oxygen vacancies on their nanoscopic spikes, to affect viral entry and subsequent spread. Our results demonstrate that the partially negatively charged ZnO-MNSs efficiently trap the virions via a novel virostatic mechanism rendering them unable to enter into human corneal fibroblasts - a natural target cell for HSV-1 infection. The anti-HSV-1 activity of ZnO MNSs was drastically enhanced after creating additional oxygen vacancies under UV-light illumination. Our results provide a novel insight into the significance of ZnO MNSs as the potent HSV-1 inhibitor and rationalize their development as a novel topical agent for the prevention of HSV-1 infection.
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482
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Dallas P, Sharma VK, Zboril R. Silver polymeric nanocomposites as advanced antimicrobial agents: classification, synthetic paths, applications, and perspectives. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 166:119-35. [PMID: 21683320 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2011.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 480] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Utilization of metallic nanoparticles in various biotechnological and medical applications represents one of the most extensively investigated areas of the current materials science. These advanced applications require the appropriate chemical functionalization of the nanoparticles with organic molecules or their incorporation in suitable polymer matrices. The intensified interest in polymer nanocomposites with silver nanoparticles is due to the high antimicrobial effect of nanosilver as well as the unique characteristics of polymers which include their excellent structural uniformity, multivalency, high degree of branching, miscellaneous morphologies and architectures, and highly variable chemical composition. In this review, we explore several aspects of antimicrobial polymer silver nanocomposites, giving special focus to the critical analysis of the reported synthetic routes including their advantages, drawbacks, possible improvements, and real applicability in antibacterial and antifungal therapy. A special attention is given to "green" synthetic routes exploiting the biopolymeric matrix and to the methods allowing preparing magnetically controllable antimicrobial polymers for targeting to an active place. The controversial mechanism of the action of silver against bacteria, fungi and yeasts as well as perspectives and new applications of silver polymeric nanocomposites is also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Dallas
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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483
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Green synthesis and antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles using Vitex negundo L. Molecules 2011; 16:6667-76. [PMID: 25134770 PMCID: PMC6264443 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16086667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Different biological methods are gaining recognition for the production of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) due to their multiple applications. One of the most important applications of Ag-NPs is their use as an anti-bacterial agent. The use of plants in the synthesis of nanoparticles emerges as a cost effective and eco-friendly approach. In this study the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Vitex negundo L. extract and its antimicrobial properties has been reported. The resulting silver particles are characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopic techniques. The TEM study showed the formation of silver nanoparticles in the 10-30 nm range and average 18.2 nm in size. The XRD study showed that the particles are crystalline in nature, with a face centered cubic (fcc) structure. The silver nanoparticles showed the antimicrobial activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Vitex negundo L. was found to display strong potential for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles as antimicrobial agents by rapid reduction of silver ions (Ag+ to Ag0).
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484
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Lara HH, Garza-Treviño EN, Ixtepan-Turrent L, Singh DK. Silver nanoparticles are broad-spectrum bactericidal and virucidal compounds. J Nanobiotechnology 2011; 9:30. [PMID: 21812950 PMCID: PMC3199605 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-9-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The advance in nanotechnology has enabled us to utilize particles in the size of the nanoscale. This has created new therapeutic horizons, and in the case of silver, the currently available data only reveals the surface of the potential benefits and the wide range of applications. Interactions between viral biomolecules and silver nanoparticles suggest that the use of nanosystems may contribute importantly for the enhancement of current prevention of infection and antiviral therapies. Recently, it has been suggested that silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) bind with external membrane of lipid enveloped virus to prevent the infection. Nevertheless, the interaction of AgNPs with viruses is a largely unexplored field. AgNPs has been studied particularly on HIV where it was demonstrated the mechanism of antiviral action of the nanoparticles as well as the inhibition the transmission of HIV-1 infection in human cervix organ culture. This review discusses recent advances in the understanding of the biocidal mechanisms of action of silver Nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto H Lara
- Department of Life Sciences, Winston-Salem State University, Winston Salem, NC 27110, USA
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485
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Salunkhe RB, Patil SV, Patil CD, Salunke BK. Larvicidal potential of silver nanoparticles synthesized using fungus Cochliobolus lunatus against Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) and Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera; Culicidae). Parasitol Res 2011; 109:823-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2328-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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486
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Caffrey M. HIV envelope: challenges and opportunities for development of entry inhibitors. Trends Microbiol 2011; 19:191-7. [PMID: 21377881 PMCID: PMC3071980 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Revised: 01/29/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The HIV envelope proteins glycoprotein 120 (gp120) and glycoprotein 41 (gp41) play crucial roles in HIV entry, therefore they are of extreme interest in the development of novel therapeutics. Studies using diverse methods, including structural biology and mutagenesis, have resulted in a detailed model for envelope-mediated entry, which consists of multiple conformations, each a potential target for therapeutic intervention. In this review, the challenges, strategies and progress to date for developing novel entry inhibitors directed at disrupting HIV gp120 and gp41 function are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Caffrey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
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487
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Shameli K, Bin Ahmad M, Zargar M, Yunus WMZW, Ibrahim NA, Shabanzadeh P, Moghaddam MG. Synthesis and characterization of silver/montmorillonite/chitosan bionanocomposites by chemical reduction method and their antibacterial activity. Int J Nanomedicine 2011; 6:271-84. [PMID: 21499424 PMCID: PMC3075900 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s16043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of a small size were successfully synthesized using the wet chemical reduction method into the lamellar space layer of montmorillonite/chitosan (MMT/Cts) as an organomodified mineral solid support in the absence of any heat treatment. AgNO3, MMT, Cts, and NaBH4 were used as the silver precursor, the solid support, the natural polymeric stabilizer, and the chemical reduction agent, respectively. MMT was suspended in aqueous AgNO3/Cts solution. The interlamellar space limits were changed (d-spacing = 1.24–1.54 nm); therefore, AgNPs formed on the interlayer and external surface of MMT/Cts with d-average = 6.28–9.84 nm diameter. Characterizations were done using different methods, ie, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Silver/montmorillonite/chitosan bionanocomposite (Ag/MMT/Cts BNC) systems were examined. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs in MMT/Cts was investigated against Gram-positive bacteria, ie, Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus and Gram-negative bacteria, ie, Escherichia coli, E. coli O157:H7, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by the disc diffusion method using Mueller Hinton agar at different sizes of AgNPs. All of the synthesized Ag/MMT/Cts BNCs were found to have high antibacterial activity. These results show that Ag/MMT/Cts BNCs can be useful in different biological research and biomedical applications, including surgical devices and drug delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamyar Shameli
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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488
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Dal Lago V, França de Oliveira L, de Almeida Gonçalves K, Kobarg J, Borba Cardoso M. Size-selective silver nanoparticles: future of biomedical devices with enhanced bactericidal properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm12297e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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489
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Lembo D, Cavalli R. Nanoparticulate Delivery Systems for Antiviral Drugs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 21:53-70. [DOI: 10.3851/imp1684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine opens new therapeutic avenues for attacking viral diseases and for improving treatment success rates. Nanoparticulate-based systems might change the release kinetics of antivirals, increase their bioavailability, improve their efficacy, restrict adverse drug side effects and reduce treatment costs. Moreover, they could permit the delivery of antiviral drugs to specific target sites and viral reservoirs in the body. These features are particularly relevant in viral diseases where high drug doses are needed, drugs are expensive and the success of a therapy is associated with a patient's adherence to the administration protocol. This review presents the current status in the emerging area of nanoparticulate delivery systems in antiviral therapy, providing their definition and description, and highlighting some peculiar features. The paper closes with a discussion on the future challenges that must be addressed before the potential of nanotechnology can be translated into safe and effective antiviral formulations for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lembo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università degli Studi di Torino, Orbassano Torino, Italy
| | - Roberta Cavalli
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
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490
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Li WR, Xie XB, Shi QS, Duan SS, Ouyang YS, Chen YB. Antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles on Staphylococcus aureus. Biometals 2010; 24:135-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-010-9381-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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491
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Sriram MI, Kanth SBM, Kalishwaralal K, Gurunathan S. Antitumor activity of silver nanoparticles in Dalton's lymphoma ascites tumor model. Int J Nanomedicine 2010; 5:753-62. [PMID: 21042421 PMCID: PMC2962271 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s11727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicine concerns the use of precision-engineered nanomaterials to develop novel therapeutic and diagnostic modalities for human use. The present study demonstrates the efficacy of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as an antitumor agent using Dalton’s lymphoma ascites (DLA) cell lines in vitro and in vivo. The AgNPs showed dose- dependent cytotoxicity against DLA cells through activation of the caspase 3 enzyme, leading to induction of apoptosis which was further confirmed through resulting nuclear fragmentation. Acute toxicity, ie, convulsions, hyperactivity and chronic toxicity such as increased body weight and abnormal hematologic parameters did not occur. AgNPs significantly increased the survival time in the tumor mouse model by about 50% in comparison with tumor controls. AgNPs also decreased the volume of ascitic fluid in tumor-bearing mice by 65%, thereby returning body weight to normal. Elevated white blood cell and platelet counts in ascitic fluid from the tumor-bearing mice were brought to near-normal range. Histopathologic analysis of ascitic fluid showed a reduction in DLA cell count in tumor-bearing mice treated with AgNPs. These findings confirm the antitumor properties of AgNPs, and suggest that they may be a cost-effective alternative in the treatment of cancer and angiogenesis-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthu Irulappan Sriram
- Department of Biotechnology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kalasalingam University, Tamilnadu, India
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492
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Song JM, Seong BL. Viral membranes: an emerging antiviral target for enveloped viruses? Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2010; 8:635-8. [PMID: 20521891 DOI: 10.1586/eri.10.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of: Wolf MC, Freiberg AN, Zhang T et al. A broad-spectrum antiviral targeting entry of enveloped viruses. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 107, 3157-3162 (2010). The emergence and re-emergence of viruses and the widespread antiviral resistance calls for the development of a broad-spectrum strategy for viral infection. The article under review describes an approach to achieve this goal by developing an antiviral rhodanine derivative effective against enveloped viruses targeting the viral lipid membrane. By intercalating into the viral membrane, the compound irreversibly inactivates the virions with virucidal effects. Potential toxic effects on hosts could be minimized by continuous regeneration of cellular membranes. The present strategy exploits the therapeutic window that exists between static viral membranes and biogenic cellular membranes and provides a useful guideline for future research endeavors towards broad-spectrum antiviral approaches for enveloped viruses. Developing a formulation that ensures efficient delivery and pharmacokinetic properties while minimizing systemic toxicity on cell membranes remains a challenge. The advantages and disadvantages of a viral membrane-targeting approach for the control of emerging and re-emerging viruses will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Min Song
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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493
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Lansdown ABG. A pharmacological and toxicological profile of silver as an antimicrobial agent in medical devices. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2010; 2010:910686. [PMID: 21188244 PMCID: PMC3003978 DOI: 10.1155/2010/910686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Revised: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver is used widely in wound dressings and medical devices as a broad-spectrum antibiotic. Metallic silver and most inorganic silver compounds ionise in moisture, body fluids, and secretions to release biologically active Ag(+). The ion is absorbed into the systemic circulation from the diet and drinking water, by inhalation and through intraparenteral administration. Percutaneous absorption of Ag(+) through intact or damaged skin is low. Ag(+) binds strongly to metallothionein, albumins, and macroglobulins and is metabolised to all tissues other than the brain and the central nervous system. Silver sulphide or silver selenide precipitates, bound lysosomally in soft tissues, are inert and not associated with an irreversible toxic change. Argyria and argyrosis are the principle effects associated with heavy deposition of insoluble silver precipitates in the dermis and cornea/conjunctiva. Whilst these changes may be profoundly disfiguring and persistent, they are not associated with pathological damage in any tissue. The present paper discusses the mechanisms of absorption and metabolism of silver in the human body, presumed mechanisms of argyria and argyrosis, and the elimination of silver-protein complexes in the bile and urine. Minimum blood silver levels consistent with early signs of argyria or argyrosis are not known. Silver allergy does occur but the extent of the problem is not known. Reference values for silver exposure are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan B. G. Lansdown
- Division of Investigative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London W6 8RP, UK
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494
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Chaloupka K, Malam Y, Seifalian AM. Nanosilver as a new generation of nanoproduct in biomedical applications. Trends Biotechnol 2010; 28:580-8. [PMID: 20724010 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2010.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 769] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2010] [Revised: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanosilver (NS), comprising silver nanoparticles, is attracting interest for a range of biomedical applications owing to its potent antibacterial activity. It has recently been demonstrated that NS has useful anti-inflammatory effects and improves wound healing, which could be exploited in developing better dressings for wounds and burns. The key to its broad-acting and potent antibacterial activity is the multifaceted mechanism by which NS acts on microbes. This is utilized in antibacterial coatings on medical devices to reduce nosocomial infection rates. Many new synthesis methods have emerged and are being evaluated for NS production for medical applications. NS toxicity is also critically discussed to reflect on potential concerns before widespread application in the medical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Chaloupka
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
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495
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Inhibition of angiogenesis- and inflammation-inducing factors in human colon cancer cells in vitro and in ovo by free and nanoparticle-encapsulated redox dye, DCPIP. J Nanobiotechnology 2010; 8:17. [PMID: 20633276 PMCID: PMC2911398 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-8-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The redox dye, DCPIP, has recently shown to exhibit anti-melanoma activity in vitro and in vivo. On the other hand, there is increasing evidence that synthetic nanoparticles can serve as highly efficient carriers of drugs and vaccines for treatment of various diseases. These nanoparticles have shown to serve as potent tools that can increase the bioavailability of the drug/vaccine by facilitating absorption or conferring sustained and improved release. Here, we describe results on the effects of free- and nanoparticle-enclosed DCPIP as anti-angiogenesis and anti-inflammation agents in a human colon cancer HCT116 cell line in vitro, and in induced angiogenesis in ovo. Results The studies described in this report indicate that (a) DCPIP inhibits proliferation of HCT116 cells in vitro; (b) DCPIP can selectively downregulate expression of the pro-angiogenesis growth factor, VEGF; (c) DCPIP inhibits activation of the transcriptional nuclear factor, NF-κB; (d) DCPIP can attenuate or completely inhibit VEGF-induced angiogenesis in the chick chorioallantoic membrane; (e) DCPIP at concentrations higher than 6 μg/ml induces apoptosis in HCT116 cells as confirmed by detection of caspase-3 and PARP degradation; and (f) DCPIP encapsulated in nanoparticles is equally or more effective than free DCPIP in exhibiting the aforementioned properties (a-e) in addition to reducing the expression of COX-2, and pro-inflammatory proteins IL-6 and IL-8. Conclusions We propose that, DCPIP may serve as a potent tool to prevent or disrupt the processes of cell proliferation, tissue angiogenesis and inflammation by directly or indirectly targeting expression of specific cellular factors. We also propose that the activities of DCPIP may be long-lasting and/or enhanced if it is delivered enclosed in specific nanoparticles.
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496
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PVP-coated silver nanoparticles block the transmission of cell-free and cell-associated HIV-1 in human cervical culture. J Nanobiotechnology 2010; 8:15. [PMID: 20626911 PMCID: PMC2911397 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-8-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous in vitro studies have demonstrated that polyvinylpyrrolidone coated silver nanoparticles (PVP-coated AgNPs) have antiviral activity against HIV-1 at non-cytotoxic concentrations. These particles also demonstrate broad spectrum virucidal activity by preventing the interaction of HIV-1 gp120 and cellular CD4, thereby inhibiting fusion or entry of the virus into the host cell. In this study, we evaluated the antiviral activity of PVP-coated AgNPs as a potential topical vaginal microbicide to prevent transmission of HIV-1 infection using human cervical culture, an in vitro model that simulates in vivo conditions. RESULTS When formulated into a non-spermicidal gel (Replens) at a concentration of 0.15 mg/mL, PVP-coated AgNPs prevented the transmission of cell-associated HIV-1 and cell-free HIV-1 isolates. Importantly, PVP-coated AgNPs were not toxic to the explant, even when the cervical tissues were exposed continuously to 0.15 mg/mL of PVP-coated AgNPs for 48 h. Only 1 min of PVP-coated AgNPs pretreatment to the explant was required to prevent transmission of HIV-1. Pre-treatment of the cervical explant with 0.15 mg/mL PVP-coated AgNPs for 20 min followed by extensive washing prevented the transmission of HIV-1 in this model for 48 h. CONCLUSIONS A formulation of PVP-coated AgNPs homogenized in Replens gel acts rapidly to inhibit HIV-1 transmission after 1 min and offers long-lasting protection of the cervical tissue from infection for 48 h, with no evidence of cytotoxicity observed in the explants.Based on this data, PVP-coated AgNPs are a promising microbicidal candidate for use in topical vaginal/cervical agents to prevent HIV-1 transmission, and further research is warranted.
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497
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Mallipeddi R, Rohan LC. Progress in antiretroviral drug delivery using nanotechnology. Int J Nanomedicine 2010; 5:533-47. [PMID: 20957115 PMCID: PMC2950411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
There are currently a number of antiretroviral drugs that have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). More recently, antiretrovirals are being evaluated in the clinic for prevention of HIV infection. Due to the challenging nature of treatment and prevention of this disease, the use of nanocarriers to achieve more efficient delivery of antiretroviral drugs has been studied. Various forms of nanocarriers, such as nanoparticles (polymeric, inorganic, and solid lipid), liposomes, polymeric micelles, dendrimers, cyclodextrins, and cell-based nanoformulations have been studied for delivery of drugs intended for HIV prevention or therapy. The aim of this review is to provide a summary of the application of nanocarrier systems to the delivery of anti-HIV drugs, specifically antiretrovirals. For anti-HIV drugs to be effective, adequate distribution to specific sites in the body must be achieved, and effective drug concentrations must be maintained at those sites for the required period of time. Nanocarriers provide a means to overcome cellular and anatomical barriers to drug delivery. Their application in the area of HIV prevention and therapy may lead to the development of more effective drug products for combating this pandemic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa Cencia Rohan
- Correspondence: Lisa Cencia Rohan, University of Pittsburgh, Magee Womens Research Institute, 204 Craft Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA, Tel +1 412 641 6108, Fax +1 412 641 6170, Email
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