501
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Biomedical exploitation of chitin and chitosan via mechano-chemical disassembly, electrospinning, dissolution in imidazolium ionic liquids, and supercritical drying. Mar Drugs 2011; 9:1510-1533. [PMID: 22131955 PMCID: PMC3225932 DOI: 10.3390/md9091510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 08/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently developed technology permits to optimize simultaneously surface area, porosity, density, rigidity and surface morphology of chitin-derived materials of biomedical interest. Safe and ecofriendly disassembly of chitin has superseded the dangerous acid hydrolysis and provides higher yields and scaling-up possibilities: the chitosan nanofibrils are finding applications in reinforced bone scaffolds and composite dressings for dermal wounds. Electrospun chitosan nanofibers, in the form of biocompatible thin mats and non-wovens, are being actively studied: composites of gelatin + chitosan + polyurethane have been proposed for cardiac valves and for nerve conduits; fibers are also manufactured from electrospun particles that self-assemble during subsequent freeze-drying. Ionic liquids (salts of alkylated imidazolium) are suitable as non-aqueous solvents that permit desirable reactions to occur for drug delivery purposes. Gel drying with supercritical CO2 leads to structures most similar to the extracellular matrix, even when the chitosan is crosslinked, or in combination with metal oxides of interest in orthopedics.
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502
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Selective Modification of Chitosan to Enable the Formation of Chitosan-DNA Condensates by Electron Donator Stabilization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1155/2011/146419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan, a polyaminosaccharide, has been investigated for its use in the field of drug-delivery and biomaterial applications because of its natural biocompatibility and polycationic properties. Chemical modifications of chitosan have been attempted in an effort to increase the transfection efficiency with respect to gene delivery applications; however, it is unknown how these modifications affect the formation of the condensates. This study attempts to determine the effects of modification of the cationic center of chitosan on the ability to condense DNA. Specifically, electron-donating or -withdrawing groups were used as modifiers of the cationic charge on the chitosan backbone to stabilize the protonated form of chitosan, which is necessary to form condensates and increase the efficiency of the polymer to condense DNA by yielding condensates at a lower nitrogen to phosphorous (N : P) ratio. While an N : P ratio of 7 is needed to condense DNA with unmodified chitosan, phthalate-modified chitosan yielded condensates were obtained at an N : P ratio of 1.0.
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503
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Toskas G, Cherif C, Hund RD, Laourine E, Fahmi A, Mahltig B. Inorganic/organic (SiO₂)/PEO hybrid electrospun nanofibers produced from a modified sol and their surface modification possibilities. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2011; 3:3673-3681. [PMID: 21859128 DOI: 10.1021/am200858s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ceramic silica (SiO(2)) hybrid nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning of solutions containing biocompatible polymer and modified silica precursors. The new hybrid nanofibers are based on polyethylene oxide (PEO) and a new solution of modified sol-gel particles of mixture containing tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and 3-glycidyloxypropyltriethoxysilane (GPTEOS) in a weight ratio of 3:1. Adding high-molecular-weight PEO into the silica sol is found to enhance the formation of the silica nanofibers and leads to reduce the water-soluble carrying polymer down to 1.2%wt. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and attenuated total reflection fourier transformation infrared ATR-FTIR measurements are suggested that PEO is encapsulated by the silica component. This excellent formulation renders electrospinning of SiO(2) a robust process for an easy production of controllable silicate nanofibrous matrices. For instance, nanofibers with average diameter down to 400 nm are accessible by varying the weight ratio between the polymer and the inorganic precursor. These are reduced to 120 nm after the pyrolysis process. Moreover, the surface of the nanofibers could be easily modified, either by Al(3+) leading to aluminium silicate coatings, or by incorporation of Ca(2+) ions and subsequent bioactive hydroxyl carbonate apatite (HAP) formation. These hybrid silica nanofibers are possess a unique collective properties can have a great impact either in high-temperature reinforced materials and filtration or in biomedical applications such as in dentistry and bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Toskas
- Institute of Textile Machinery and High Performance Material Technology (ITM), Technische Universität Dresden, Hohestrasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
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504
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505
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Structure and Antibacterial Activity of Silk Fibroin/chitosan Nanofibrous Mats Using an Electrospinning Technique. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
More and more attention has been paid to natural materials. This paper was carried out with an intention to investigate the effect of electrospun silk fibroin (SF) nanofibrous mats by mixing different weight raito of chitosan (CS) in the same solvent-formic acid. Based on good electrospining feasibility, it was found that the average diameter of spun fibers became fine from 337nm to 103nm, with the concentration of CS in the blend compositions increasing to 4%.At the same time, the conformational transition of SF nanofibers adding CS occured to the tendence towards β-sheet structure by means of the analysis of the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and Differential thermal analysis (TGA).What was more, excellent antibacterial activity(a degree growth inhibition of more than 95%) of the promising nanofibrous mats was revealed, through utilizing the colony counting method against Gram-positive bacteria S. aureus and Gram-negative bacteria E.coli ,which would open up wide applications on would dressing, filtration and environmental purification.
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506
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Bueter CL, Lee CK, Rathinam VAK, Healy GJ, Taron CH, Specht CA, Levitz SM. Chitosan but not chitin activates the inflammasome by a mechanism dependent upon phagocytosis. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:35447-35455. [PMID: 21862582 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.274936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitin is an abundant polysaccharide found in fungal cell walls, crustacean shells, and insect exoskeletons. The immunological properties of both chitin and its deacetylated derivative chitosan are of relevance because of frequent natural exposure and their use in medical applications. Depending on the preparation studied and the end point measured, these compounds have been reported to induce allergic responses, inflammatory responses, or no response at all. We prepared highly purified chitosan and chitin and examined the capacity of these glycans to stimulate murine macrophages to release the inflammasome-associated cytokine IL-1β. We found that although chitosan was a potent NLRP3 inflammasome activator, acetylation of the chitosan to chitin resulted in a near total loss of activity. The size of the chitosan particles played an important role, with small particles eliciting the greatest activity. An inverse relationship between size and stimulatory activity was demonstrated using chitosan passed through size exclusion filters as well as with chitosan-coated beads of defined size. Partial digestion of chitosan with pepsin resulted in a larger fraction of small phagocytosable particles and more potent inflammasome activity. Inhibition of phagocytosis with cytochalasin D abolished the IL-1β stimulatory activity of chitosan, offering an explanation for why the largest particles were nearly devoid of activity. Thus, the deacetylated polysaccharide chitosan potently activates the NLRP3 inflammasome in a phagocytosis-dependent manner. In contrast, chitin is relatively inert.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea L Bueter
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Chrono K Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Vijay A K Rathinam
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | | | | | - Charles A Specht
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Stuart M Levitz
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605.
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507
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Piccin JS, Dotto GL, Pinto LAA. Adsorption isotherms and thermochemical data of FD&C Red n° 40 binding by Chitosan. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-66322011000200014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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508
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Jakubova R, Mickova A, Buzgo M, Rampichova M, Prosecka E, Tvrdik D, Amler E. Immobilization of thrombocytes on PCL nanofibres enhances chondrocyte proliferation in vitro. Cell Prolif 2011; 44:183-91. [PMID: 21401760 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2011.00737.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to develop functionalized nanofibres as a simple delivery system for growth factors (GFs) and make nanofibre cell-seeded scaffold implants a one-step intervention. MATERIALS AND METHODS We have functionalized polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibres with thrombocytes adherent on them. Immobilized, these thrombocytes attached to nanofibre scaffolds were used as a nanoscale delivery system for native (autologous) proliferation and differentiation factors, in vitro. Pig chondrocytes were seeded on the thrombocyte-coated scaffolds and levels of proliferation and differentiation of these cells were compared with those seeded on non-coated scaffolds. RESULTS Immobilized thrombocytes on PCL nanofibres effectively enhanced chondrocyte proliferation due to time-dependent degradation of thrombocytes and release of their GFs. CONCLUSIONS These simply functionalized scaffolds present new possibilities for nanofibre applications, as smart cell scaffolds equipped with a GF delivery tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jakubova
- Institute of Biophysics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
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509
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Preparation, characterization and transfection efficacy of chitosan nanoparticles containing the intestinal trefoil factor gene. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:945-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0820-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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510
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Jayakumar R, Ramachandran R, Sudheesh Kumar PT, Divyarani VV, Srinivasan S, Chennazhi KP, Tamura H, Nair SV. Fabrication of chitin-chitosan/nano ZrO(2) composite scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2011; 49:274-80. [PMID: 21575656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The urge to repair and regenerate natural tissues can now be satisfactorily fulfilled by various tissue engineering approaches. Chitin and chitosan are the most widely accepted biodegradable and biocompatible materials subsequent to cellulose. The incorporation of nano ZrO(2) onto the chitin-chitosan scaffold is thought to enhance osteogenesis. Hence a nanocomposite scaffold was fabricated by lyophilization technique using chitin-chitosan with nano ZrO(2). The prepared nanocomposite scaffolds were characterized using SEM, FTIR, XRD and TGA. In addition, the swelling, degradation, biomineralization, cell viability and cell attachment of the composite scaffolds were also evaluated. The results demonstrated better swelling and controlled degradation in comparison to the control scaffold. Cell viability studies proved the non toxic nature of the nanocomposite scaffolds. Cells were found to be attached to the pore walls and spread uniformly throughout the scaffolds. All these results suggested that the developed nanocomposite scaffolds possess the prerequisites for tissue engineering scaffolds and could be used for various tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jayakumar
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, India.
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511
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Electrospun poly (ɛ-caprolactone)/silk fibroin core-sheath nanofibers and their potential applications in tissue engineering and drug release. Int J Biol Macromol 2011; 49:223-32. [PMID: 21565216 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Revised: 04/23/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
One of the key tenets of tissue engineering is to develop scaffold materials with favorable biodegradability, surface properties, outstanding mechanical strength and controlled drug release property. In this study, we generated core-sheath nanofibers composed of poly (ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) and silk fibroin (SF) blends via emulsion electrospinning. Nanofibrous scaffolds were characterized by combined techniques of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), contact angle and tensile measurements. An in vitro FITC release study was conducted to evaluate sustained release potential of the core-sheath structured nanofibers. We found that the conformation of SF contained in PCL/SF composite nanofibers was transformed from random coil to β-sheet when treated with methanol, leading to improved crystallinity and tensile strength of nanofibrous scaffolds. The hydrophobicity and diameter of nanofibers decreased when we increased the content of SF in PCL/SF composite nanofibers. Furthermore, we evaluated the potential of fabricated PCL/SF composite nanofibers as scaffold in vitro. The results confirmed that fabricated PCL/SF scaffolds improved cell attachment and proliferation. Our results demonstrated the feasibility to generate core-sheath nanofibers composed of PCL and SF using a single-nozzle technique. The produced nanofibrous scaffolds with sustained drug release have potential application in tissue engineering.
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512
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Biomaterials based on chitin and chitosan in wound dressing applications. Biotechnol Adv 2011; 29:322-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1316] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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513
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Shalumon K, Anulekha K, Chennazhi K, Tamura H, Nair S, Jayakumar R. Fabrication of chitosan/poly(caprolactone) nanofibrous scaffold for bone and skin tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2011; 48:571-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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514
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Zohdi RM, Zakaria ZAB, Yusof N, Mustapha NM, Abdullah MNH. Sea cucumber (Stichopus hermanii) based hydrogel to treat burn wounds in rats. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2011; 98:30-7. [PMID: 21504052 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2010] [Revised: 11/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Malaysian sea cucumber was incorporated into hydrogel formulation by using electron beam irradiation technique and was introduced as novel cross-linked Gamat Hydrogel dressing. This study investigated whether Gamat Hydrogel enhanced repair of deep partial skin thickness burn wound in rats and its possible mechanism. Wounds were treated with either Gamat Hydrogel, control hydrogel, OpSite® film dressing or left untreated. Skin samples were taken at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days post burn for histological and molecular evaluations. Gamat Hydrogel markedly enhanced wound contraction and improved histological reorganization of the regenerating tissue. Furthermore, the dressing modulated the inflammatory responses, stimulated the activation and proliferation of fibroblasts, and enhanced rapid production of collagen fiber network with a consequently shorter healing time. The level of proinflammatory cytokines; IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6, were significantly reduced in Gamat Hydrogel treated wounds compared with other groups as assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In summary, our results showed that Gamat Hydrogel promoted burn wound repair via a complex mechanism involving stimulation of tissue regeneration and regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The resultant wound healing effects were attributed to the synergistic effect of the hydrogel matrix and incorporated sea cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozaini Mohd Zohdi
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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515
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Gartner C, López BL, Sierra L, Graf R, Spiess HW, Gaborieau M. Interplay between structure and dynamics in chitosan films investigated with solid-state NMR, dynamic mechanical analysis, and X-ray diffraction. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:1380-6. [PMID: 21395265 PMCID: PMC3074573 DOI: 10.1021/bm200193u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Revised: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Modern solid-state NMR techniques, combined with X-ray diffraction, revealed the molecular origin of the difference in mechanical properties of self-associated chitosan films. Films cast from acidic aqueous solutions were compared before and after neutralization, and the role of the counterion (acetate vs Cl(-)) was investigated. There is a competition between local structure and long-range order. Hydrogen bonding gives good mechanical strength to neutralized films, which lack long-range organization. The long-range structure is better defined in films cast from acidic solutions in which strong electrostatic interactions cause rotational distortion around the chitosan chains. Plasticization by acetate counterions enhances long-range molecular organization and film flexibility. In contrast, Cl(-) counterions act as a defect and impair the long-range organization by immobilizing hydration water. Molecular motion and proton exchange are restricted, resulting in brittle films despite the high moisture content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmiña Gartner
- University of Antioquia, Calle 62 No. 52-59. Lab. 310, Sede de Investigaciones Universitarias, SIU. Medellín, Colombia
| | - Betty Lucy López
- University of Antioquia, Calle 62 No. 52-59. Lab. 310, Sede de Investigaciones Universitarias, SIU. Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ligia Sierra
- University of Antioquia, Calle 62 No. 52-59. Lab. 310, Sede de Investigaciones Universitarias, SIU. Medellín, Colombia
| | - Robert Graf
- Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Postfach 3148, D-55021 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans W. Spiess
- Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Postfach 3148, D-55021 Mainz, Germany
| | - Marianne Gaborieau
- Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Postfach 3148, D-55021 Mainz, Germany
- University of Western Sydney, Nanoscale Organisation and Dynamics Group, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Campbelltown Campus, Building 21, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia
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516
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Cooper A, Bhattarai N, Zhang M. Fabrication and cellular compatibility of aligned chitosan–PCL fibers for nerve tissue regeneration. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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517
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Kadokawa JI, Takegawa A, Mine S, Prasad K. Preparation of chitin nanowhiskers using an ionic liquid and their composite materials with poly(vinyl alcohol). Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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518
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Chitin scaffolds in tissue engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:1876-87. [PMID: 21673928 PMCID: PMC3111639 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12031876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering/regeneration is based on the hypothesis that healthy stem/progenitor cells either recruited or delivered to an injured site, can eventually regenerate lost or damaged tissue. Most of the researchers working in tissue engineering and regenerative technology attempt to create tissue replacements by culturing cells onto synthetic porous three-dimensional polymeric scaffolds, which is currently regarded as an ideal approach to enhance functional tissue regeneration by creating and maintaining channels that facilitate progenitor cell migration, proliferation and differentiation. The requirements that must be satisfied by such scaffolds include providing a space with the proper size, shape and porosity for tissue development and permitting cells from the surrounding tissue to migrate into the matrix. Recently, chitin scaffolds have been widely used in tissue engineering due to their non-toxic, biodegradable and biocompatible nature. The advantage of chitin as a tissue engineering biomaterial lies in that it can be easily processed into gel and scaffold forms for a variety of biomedical applications. Moreover, chitin has been shown to enhance some biological activities such as immunological, antibacterial, drug delivery and have been shown to promote better healing at a faster rate and exhibit greater compatibility with humans. This review provides an overview of the current status of tissue engineering/regenerative medicine research using chitin scaffolds for bone, cartilage and wound healing applications. We also outline the key challenges in this field and the most likely directions for future development and we hope that this review will be helpful to the researchers working in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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519
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Bioconversion of chitin-containing wastes for the production of enzymes and bioactive materials. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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520
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Nirmala R, Navamathavan R, Kang HS, El-Newehy MH, Kim HY. Preparation of polyamide-6/chitosan composite nanofibers by a single solvent system via electrospinning for biomedical applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 83:173-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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521
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Saranya N, Moorthi A, Saravanan S, Devi MP, Selvamurugan N. Chitosan and its derivatives for gene delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2011; 48:234-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2010.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Revised: 11/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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522
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Tamura H, Furuike T, Nair S, Jayakumar R. Biomedical applications of chitin hydrogel membranes and scaffolds. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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523
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524
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Pan T, Wang W. From cleanroom to desktop: emerging micro-nanofabrication technology for biomedical applications. Ann Biomed Eng 2011; 39:600-20. [PMID: 21161384 PMCID: PMC3033514 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-010-0218-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review is motivated by the growing demand for low-cost, easy-to-use, compact-size yet powerful micro-nanofabrication technology to address emerging challenges of fundamental biology and translational medicine in regular laboratory settings. Recent advancements in the field benefit considerably from rapidly expanding material selections, ranging from inorganics to organics and from nanoparticles to self-assembled molecules. Meanwhile a great number of novel methodologies, employing off-the-shelf consumer electronics, intriguing interfacial phenomena, bottom-up self-assembly principles, etc., have been implemented to transit micro-nanofabrication from a cleanroom environment to a desktop setup. Furthermore, the latest application of micro-nanofabrication to emerging biomedical research will be presented in detail, which includes point-of-care diagnostics, on-chip cell culture as well as bio-manipulation. While significant progresses have been made in the rapidly growing field, both apparent and unrevealed roadblocks will need to be addressed in the future. We conclude this review by offering our perspectives on the current technical challenges and future research opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingrui Pan
- Micro-Nano Innovations (MiNI) Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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525
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Kumar S, Koh J. Physiochemical, circular dichroism-induced helical conformation and optical property of chitosan azo-based amino methanesulfonate complex. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.35593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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526
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Electrospun Nanofibrous Scaffolds-Current Status and Prospects in Drug Delivery. BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF POLYMERIC NANOFIBERS 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2011_125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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527
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Fabrication of electrospun polycaprolactone biocomposites reinforced with chitosan for the proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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528
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Leedy MR, Martin HJ, Norowski PA, Jennings JA, Haggard WO, Bumgardner JD. Use of Chitosan as a Bioactive Implant Coating for Bone-Implant Applications. ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2011_115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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529
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Comparison of functional and biological properties of chitosan and hyaluronic acid, to be used for the treatment of mucositis in cancer patients. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(11)50033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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530
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Chitosan-Derivative Based Hydrogels as Drug Delivery Platforms: Applications in Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering. ACTIVE IMPLANTS AND SCAFFOLDS FOR TISSUE REGENERATION 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/8415_2010_55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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531
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Han J, Zhang J, Yin R, Ma G, Yang D, Nie J. Electrospinning of methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-grafted chitosan and poly(ethylene oxide) blend aqueous solution. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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532
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Arami H, Stephen Z, Veiseh O, Zhang M. Chitosan-Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Molecular Imaging and Drug Delivery. ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2011_121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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533
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Cooper A, Bhattarai N, Kievit FM, Rossol M, Zhang M. Electrospinning of chitosan derivative nanofibers with structural stability in an aqueous environment. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:9969-72. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02909b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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534
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Rajiv Gandhi M, Kousalya G, Meenakshi S. Removal of copper(II) using chitin/chitosan nano-hydroxyapatite composite. Int J Biol Macromol 2011; 48:119-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2010.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2010] [Revised: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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535
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Rejinold NS, Chennazhi K, Nair S, Tamura H, Jayakumar R. Biodegradable and thermo-sensitive chitosan-g-poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) nanoparticles as a 5-fluorouracil carrier. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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536
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Dutta RK, Sharma PK, Kobayashi H, Pandey AC. Functionalized Biocompatible Nanoparticles for Site-Specific Imaging and Therapeutics. POLYMERS IN NANOMEDICINE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2011_155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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537
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Anitha A, Deepa N, Chennazhi K, Nair S, Tamura H, Jayakumar R. Development of mucoadhesive thiolated chitosan nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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538
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Radhakumary C, Antonty M, Sreenivasan K. Drug loaded thermoresponsive and cytocompatible chitosan based hydrogel as a potential wound dressing. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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539
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Muzzarelli RAA. New Techniques for Optimization of Surface Area and Porosity in Nanochitins and Nanochitosans. ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2011_140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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540
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Chitosan: A Promising Biomaterial for Tissue Engineering Scaffolds. ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2011_112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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541
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Jayakumar R, Prabaharan M, Shalumon KT, Chennazhi KP, Nair SV. Biomedical Applications of Polymer/Silver Composite Nanofibers. BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF POLYMERIC NANOFIBERS 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2011_123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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542
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Jayakumar R, Ramachandran R, Divyarani VV, Chennazhi KP, Tamura H, Nair SV. Fabrication of chitin-chitosan/nano TiO2-composite scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2010; 48:336-44. [PMID: 21182857 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2010.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2010] [Revised: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we prepared chitin-chitosan/nano TiO(2) composite scaffolds using lyophilization technique for bone tissue engineering. The prepared composite scaffold was characterized using SEM, XRD, FTIR and TGA. In addition, swelling, degradation and biomineralization capability of the composite scaffolds were evaluated. The developed composite scaffold showed controlled swelling and degradation when compared to the control scaffold. Cytocompatibility of the scaffold was assessed by MTT assay and cell attachment studies using osteoblast-like cells (MG-63), fibroblast cells (L929) and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Results indicated no sign of toxicity and cells were found attached to the pore walls within the scaffolds. These results suggested that the developed composite scaffold possess the prerequisites for tissue engineering scaffolds and it can be used for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jayakumar
- Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Elamakkara, Kochi 682026, Kerala, India.
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543
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In vitro response of retinal pigment epithelial cells exposed to chitosan materials prepared with different cross-linkers. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:5256-72. [PMID: 21614206 PMCID: PMC3100825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11125256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between cells and biopolymers is the evaluation indicator of the biocompatibility of materials. The purpose of this work was to examine the responses of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells to genipin (GP) or glutaraldehyde (GTA) cross-linked chitosan by means of cell viability assays, cytokine expression analyses, and apoptosis assays. Evaluations of non-cross-linked chitosan were conducted simultaneously for comparison. Both GP and GTA treated samples with the same extent of cross-linking (around 80%) were prepared by varying cross-linking time. Our results showed that GP cross-linking was carried out by either radical polymerization of the monomers or SN2 nucleophilic substitution reaction involving the replacement of the ester group on the monomer with a secondary amide linkage. On the other hand, GTA could react with free amino groups of chitosan, leading to the formation of either the Schiff bases or the Michael-type adducts with terminal aldehydes. The biocompatibility of non-cross-linked chitosan membranes was demonstrated by the absence of any signs of toxicity or inflammation reaction. The present study showed that the ARPE-19 cells exposed to GTA cross-linked chitosan membranes had significantly higher cytotoxicity, interleukin-6 levels, and number of TUNEL-positive nuclei than did those exposed to GP treated samples. In addition, the materials modified with GTA trigger apoptosis at an early stage and may induce toxicity in the RPE cells later. The findings suggest that while the chitosan molecules bridged by GP are satisfactorily cytocompatible, the counterparts treated by GTA do not seem to be tolerated. In terms of material safety, the GP cross-linked chitosan may be compatible with human RPE cells and may have a potential application as delivery carriers in the treatment of posterior segment diseases.
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544
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Wagner CJ, Huber S, Wirth S, Voehringer D. Chitin induces upregulation of B7-H1 on macrophages and inhibits T-cell proliferation. Eur J Immunol 2010; 40:2882-90. [PMID: 20812235 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201040422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chitin is a highly abundant glycopolymer, which serves as structural component in fungi, arthropods and crustaceans but is not synthesized by vertebrates. However, vertebrates express chitinases and chitinase-like proteins, some of which are induced by infection with helminths suggesting that chitinous structures may be targets of the immune system. The chitin-induced modulations of the innate and adaptive immune responses are not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that intranasal administration of OVA and chitin resulted in diminished T-cell expansion and Th2 polarization as compared with OVA administration alone. Chitin did not promote nor attenuate Th2 polarization in vitro. Chitin-exposed macrophages inhibited proliferation of CD4(+) T cells in a cell-cell contact-dependent manner. Chitin induced upregulation of the inhibitory ligand B7-H1 (PD-L1) on macrophages independently of MyD88, TRIF, TLR2, TLR3, TLR4 and Stat6. Inhibition of T-cell proliferation was largely dependent on B7-H1, as the effect was not observed in cocultures with cells from B7-H1-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia J Wagner
- Institute for Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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545
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Van Royen P, Boschmans B, dos Santos A, Schacht E, Dubruel P, Cornelissen R, Beenaerts L, Van Vaeck L. Static secondary ion mass spectrometry for the surface characterisation of individual nanofibres of polycaprolactone functionalised with an antibacterial additive. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 399:1163-72. [PMID: 21107817 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4433-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Electrospinning (ES) of polymer solutions generates non-woven webs of nanofibres. The fibre diameter ranges between 10 nm and 1 μm depending on the operating conditions. Surface functionalisation can be performed by the use of suitable additives. Detailed characterisation of the molecular composition at the fibre surface is a key issue. Biodegradable nanowebs with potential antibacterial activity have been prepared by ES of solutions containing polycaprolactone (PCL) and a functionalising additive with PCL segments and hexyldimethylammonium groups (PCLhexaq). Static secondary ion mass spectrometry with Bi(3)(+) projectiles has been applied to individual nanofibres. The positive ion mass spectra contain several signals with high structural specificity allowing the presence of PCLhexaq to be traced back in spite of its low concentration (0.16-1.4% w/w relative to PCL) and its structural similarity to the PCL fibre matrix. Imaging of structural ions visualises the homogeneous distribution of PCLhexaq over the fibre surface. Quantifying the surface concentration of PCLhexaq relative to that of PCL reveals electric field-driven surface enrichment of the additive during ES. Finally, nanofibres subjected to leaching in water for up to 72 h have been analysed. The PCLhexaq surface concentration decreases almost linearly with time at a rate of 0.6% h(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Van Royen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Campus CDE, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
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546
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547
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Lakshman LR, Shalumon KT, Nair SV, Jayakumar R, Nair SV. Preparation of Silver Nanoparticles Incorporated Electrospun Polyurethane Nano-fibrous Mat for Wound Dressing. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2010.508001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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548
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Suitability of gamma irradiated chitosan based membranes as matrix in drug release system. Int J Pharm 2010; 395:142-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Revised: 05/07/2010] [Accepted: 05/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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549
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Zhong Z, Wu W, Wang D, Wang D, Shan J, Qing Y, Zhang Z. Nanogold-enwrapped graphene nanocomposites as trace labels for sensitivity enhancement of electrochemical immunosensors in clinical immunoassays: Carcinoembryonic antigen as a model. Biosens Bioelectron 2010; 25:2379-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2010.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2010] [Revised: 03/03/2010] [Accepted: 03/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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550
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Kumar PS, Abhilash S, Manzoor K, Nair S, Tamura H, Jayakumar R. Preparation and characterization of novel β-chitin/nanosilver composite scaffolds for wound dressing applications. Carbohydr Polym 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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