501
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Si Z, Huang C, Gao X, Li C. pH-responsive near-infrared nanoprobe imaging metastases by sensing acidic microenvironment. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra07984a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A pH responsive near-infrared fluorescence nanoprobe was developed and visualized pulmonary metastases in a mouse model with a volume as small as 0.5 mm3 by sensing the acidic tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Si
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery
- Ministry of Education
- School of Pharmacy
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Cuiyun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery
- Ministry of Education
- School of Pharmacy
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xihui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery
- Ministry of Education
- School of Pharmacy
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Cong Li
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery
- Ministry of Education
- School of Pharmacy
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 201203, China
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502
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Kobayashi H, Watanabe R, Choyke PL. Improving conventional enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effects; what is the appropriate target? Am J Cancer Res 2013; 4:81-9. [PMID: 24396516 PMCID: PMC3881228 DOI: 10.7150/thno.7193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 663] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nano-sized therapeutic agents have several advantages over low molecular weight agents such as a larger loading capacity, the ability to protect the payload until delivery, more specific targeting due to multivalency and the opportunity for controlled/sustained release. However, the delivery of nano-sized agents into cancer tissue is problematic because it mostly relies on the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect that depends on the leaky nature of the tumor vasculature and the prolonged circulation of nano-sized agents, allowing slow but uneven accumulation in the tumor bed. Delivery of nano-sized agents is dependent on several factors that influence the EPR effect; 1. Regional blood flow to the tumor, 2. Permeability of the tumor vasculature, 3. Structural barriers imposed by perivascular tumor cells and extracellular matrix, 4. Intratumoral pressure. In this review, these factors will be described and methods to enhance nano-agent delivery will be reviewed.
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503
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Dicheva BM, Koning GA. Targeted thermosensitive liposomes: an attractive novel approach for increased drug delivery to solid tumors. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2013; 11:83-100. [PMID: 24320104 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.866650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Currently available chemotherapy is hampered by a lack in tumor specificity and resulting toxicity. Small and long-circulating liposomes can preferentially deliver chemotherapeutic drugs to tumors upon extravasation from tumor vasculature. Although clinically used liposomal formulations demonstrated significant reduction in toxicity, enhancement of therapeutic activity has not fully met expectations. AREAS COVERED Low drug bioavailability from liposomal formulations and limited tumor accumulation remain major challenges to further improve therapeutic activity of liposomal chemotherapy. The aim of this review is to highlight strategies addressing these challenges. A first strategy uses hyperthermia and thermosensitive liposomes to improve tumor accumulation and trigger liposomal drug bioavailability. Image-guidance can aid online monitoring of heat and drug delivery and further personalize the treatment. A second strategy involves tumor-specific targeting to enhance drug delivery specificity and drug internalization. In addition, we review the potential of combinations of the two in one targeted thermosensitive-triggered drug delivery system. EXPERT OPINION Heat-triggered drug delivery using thermosensitive liposomes as well as the use of tumor vasculature or tumor cell-targeted liposomes are both promising strategies to improve liposomal chemotherapy. Preclinical evidence has been encouraging and both strategies are currently undergoing clinical evaluation. A combination of both strategies rendering targeted thermosensitive liposomes (TTSL) may appear as a new and attractive approach promoting tumor drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilyana M Dicheva
- Innovative Targeting Group, Laboratory Experimental Surgical Oncology, Section Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center , Room Ee151b, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam , The Netherlands +31 10 7043963
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504
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Fowler RA, Fossheim SL, Mestas JL, Ngo J, Canet-Soulas E, Lafon C. Non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging follow-up of sono-sensitive liposome tumor delivery and controlled release after high-intensity focused ultrasound. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2013; 39:2342-2350. [PMID: 24246245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This work examines the use of lanthanide-based contrast agents and magnetic resonance imaging in monitoring liposomal behavior in vivo. Dysprosium (Dy) and gadolinium (Gd) chelates, Dy-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid bismethylamide (Dy-DTPA-BMA) and Gd-DTPA-BMA, were encapsulated in pegylated distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine-based (saturated) liposomes, and then intravenously injected into Copenhagen rats with subcutaneous Dunning AT2 xenografts. Liposome-encapsulated Dy chelate shortens transverse relaxation times (T(2) and T(2)*) of tissue; thus, liposomal accumulation in the tumor can be monitored by observing the decrease in T(2)* relaxation time over time. The tumor was treated at the time of maximum liposomal accumulation (48 h) with confocal, cavitating high-intensity focused ultrasound to induce liposomal payload release. Using liposome-encapsulated Gd chelate at high enough concentrations and saturated liposomal phospholipids induces an exchange-limited longitudinal (T(1)) relaxation when the liposomes are intact; when the liposomes are released, exchange limitation is relieved, thus allowing in vivo observation of payload release as a decrease in tumor T(1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Andrew Fowler
- LabTAU, Inserm, U1032, Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; CarMeN, Inserm, U1060, Lyon, France.
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505
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In vivo imaging of tissue-remodeling activity involving infiltration of macrophages by a systemically administered protease-activatable probe in colon cancer tissues. Transl Oncol 2013; 6:628-37. [PMID: 24466365 DOI: 10.1593/tlo.13430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the detection of tumors using in vivo imaging with a commercially available and systemically administered protease-activatable fluorescent probe, ProSense. To this end, we analyzed the delivery and uptake of ProSense as well as the target protease and its cellular source in a mouse xenograft tumor model. In vivo and ex vivo multi wavelength imaging revealed that ProSense signals accumulated within tumors, with preferential distribution in the vascular leakage area that correlates with vasculature development at the tumor periphery. Immunohistochemically, cathepsin B, which is targeted by ProSense, was specifically localized in macrophages. The codistribution of tenascin C immunoreactivity and gelatinase activity provided evidence of tissue-remodeling at the tumor periphery. Furthermore, in situ zymography revealed extracellular ProSense cleavage in such areas. Colocalization of cathepsin B expression and ProSense signals showing reduction by addition of cathepsin B inhibitor was confirmed in cultured macrophage-derived RAW264.7 cells. These results suggest that increased tissue-remodeling activity involving infiltration of macrophages is a mechanism that may be responsible for the tumor accumulation of ProSense signals in our xenograft model. We further confirmed ProSense signals at the tumor margin showing cathepsin B(+) macrophage infiltration in a rat colon carcinogenesis model. Together, these data demonstrate that systemically administered protease-activatable probes can effectively detect cancer invasive fronts, where tissue-remodeling activity is high to facilitate neoplastic cell invasion.
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506
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Basuki JS, Duong HTT, Macmillan A, Erlich RB, Esser L, Akerfeldt MC, Whan RM, Kavallaris M, Boyer C, Davis TP. Using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy to monitor theranostic nanoparticle uptake and intracellular doxorubicin release. ACS NANO 2013; 7:10175-10189. [PMID: 24131276 DOI: 10.1021/nn404407g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) with excellent colloidal stability in both water and serum, imparted by carefully designed grafted polymer shells. The polymer shells were built with attached aldehyde functionality to enable the reversible attachment of doxorubicin (DOX) via imine bonds, providing a controlled release mechanism for DOX in acidic environments. The IONPs were shown to be readily taken up by cell lines (MCF-7 breast cancer cells and H1299 lung cancer cells), and intracellular release of DOX was proven using in vitro fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) measurements. Using the fluorescence lifetime difference exhibited by native DOX (~1 ns) compared to conjugated DOX (~4.6 ns), the intracellular release of conjugated DOX was in situ monitored in H1299 and was estimated using phasor plot representation, showing a clear increase of native DOX with time. The results obtained from FLIM were corroborated using confocal microscopy, clearly showing DOX accumulation in the nuclei. The IONPs were also assessed as MRI negative contrast agents. We observed a significant change in the transverse relaxivity properties of the IONPs, going from 220 to 390 mM(-1) s(-1), in the presence or absence of conjugated DOX. This dependence of MRI signal on IONP-DOX/water interactions may be exploited in future theranostic applications. The in vitro studies were then extended to monitor cell uptake of the DOX loaded IONPs (IONP@P(HBA)-b-P(OEGA) + DOX) into two 3D multicellular tumor spheroids (MCS) grown from two independent cell lines (MCF-7 and H1299) using multiphoton excitation microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan S Basuki
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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507
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Polymer conjugates with potential biological activity based on new derivatives of 2-mercaptobenzoxazole-synthesis and characterization. OPEN CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.2478/s11532-013-0310-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractNew potentially biologically active compounds derived from 2-mercapto-benzoxazole were synthesized and coupled on polymeric support of poly (maleic anhydride-alt-vinyl acetate) for the preparation of polymer-drug conjugates with controlled drug release. All compounds were characterized by elemental and spectroscopy (FT-IR, 1H-NMR) analysis. The toxicological tests recommend the products for further laboratory screening.
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508
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Kanasty R, Dorkin JR, Vegas A, Anderson D. Delivery materials for siRNA therapeutics. NATURE MATERIALS 2013; 12:967-77. [PMID: 24150415 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1316] [Impact Index Per Article: 119.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) has broad potential as a therapeutic to reversibly silence any gene. To achieve the clinical potential of RNAi, delivery materials are required to transport short interfering RNA (siRNA) to the site of action in the cells of target tissues. This Review provides an introduction to the biological challenges that siRNA delivery materials aim to overcome, as well as a discussion of the way that the most effective and clinically advanced classes of siRNA delivery systems, including lipid nanoparticles and siRNA conjugates, are designed to surmount these challenges. The systems that we discuss are diverse in their approaches to the delivery problem, and provide valuable insight to guide the design of future siRNA delivery materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary Kanasty
- 1] Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [2] David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
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509
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Yang Y, Pan D, Luo K, Li L, Gu Z. Biodegradable and amphiphilic block copolymer–doxorubicin conjugate as polymeric nanoscale drug delivery vehicle for breast cancer therapy. Biomaterials 2013; 34:8430-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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510
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Wei J, Wang H, Zhu M, Ding D, Li D, Yin Z, Wang L, Yang Z. Janus nanogels of PEGylated Taxol and PLGA-PEG-PLGA copolymer for cancer therapy. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:9902-9907. [PMID: 23982346 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr02937a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Nanogels are promising carriers for the delivery of anti-cancer drugs for cancer therapy. We report in this study on a Janus nanogel system formed by mixing a prodrug of Taxol (PEGylated Taxol) and a copolymer of PLGA-PEG-PLGA. The Janus nanogels have good stability over months in aqueous solutions and the freeze-dried powder of nanogels can be re-dispersed instantly in aqueous solutions. The Janus nanogels show an enhanced inhibition effect on tumor growth in a mice breast cancer model probably due to the enhanced uptake of the nano-sized materials by the EPR effect. What is more, the nanogels can also serve as physical carriers to co-deliver other anti-cancer drugs such as doxorubicin to further improve the anti-cancer efficacy. The results obtained from H&E staining and TUNEL assay also support the observation of tumor growth inhibition. These results suggest the potential of this novel delivery system for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
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511
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Multifunctional nanoparticles for targeted delivery of immune activating and cancer therapeutic agents. J Control Release 2013; 172:1020-34. [PMID: 24140748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) have been extensively investigated for applications in both experimental and clinical settings to improve delivery efficiency of therapeutic and diagnostic agents. Most recently, novel multifunctional nanoparticles have attracted much attention because of their ability to carry diverse functionalities to achieve effective synergistic therapeutic treatments. Multifunctional NPs have been designed to co-deliver multiple components, target the delivery of drugs by surface functionalization, and realize therapy and diagnosis simultaneously. In this review, various materials of diverse chemistries for fabricating multifunctional NPs with distinctive architectures are discussed and compared. Recent progress involving multifunctional NPs for immune activation, anticancer drug delivery, and synergistic theranostics is the focus of this review. Overall, this comprehensive review demonstrates that multifunctional NPs have distinctive properties that make them highly suitable for targeted therapeutic delivery in these areas.
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512
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Molinaro R, Wolfram J, Federico C, Cilurzo F, Di Marzio L, Ventura CA, Carafa M, Celia C, Fresta M. Polyethylenimine and chitosan carriers for the delivery of RNA interference effectors. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2013; 10:1653-68. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2013.840286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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513
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Teng IT, Chang YJ, Wang LS, Lu HY, Wu LC, Yang CM, Chiu CC, Yang CH, Hsu SL, Ho JAA. Phospholipid-functionalized mesoporous silica nanocarriers for selective photodynamic therapy of cancer. Biomaterials 2013; 34:7462-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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514
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Maldonado CR, Salassa L, Gomez-Blanco N, Mareque-Rivas JC. Nano-functionalization of metal complexes for molecular imaging and anticancer therapy. Coord Chem Rev 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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515
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Arukuusk P, Pärnaste L, Margus H, Eriksson NKJ, Vasconcelos L, Padari K, Pooga M, Langel Ü. Differential Endosomal Pathways for Radically Modified Peptide Vectors. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:1721-32. [DOI: 10.1021/bc4002757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piret Arukuusk
- Laboratory
of Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Department
of Neurochemistry, The Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ly Pärnaste
- Laboratory
of Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Helerin Margus
- Department
of Developmental Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - N. K. Jonas Eriksson
- Department
of Neurochemistry, The Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luis Vasconcelos
- Department
of Neurochemistry, The Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kärt Padari
- Department
of Developmental Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Margus Pooga
- Department
of Developmental Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ülo Langel
- Laboratory
of Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Department
of Neurochemistry, The Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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516
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Cao L, Hettiarachchi G, Briken V, Isaacs L. Cucurbit[7]uril Containers for Targeted Delivery of Oxaliplatin to Cancer Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201305061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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517
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Cao L, Hettiarachchi G, Briken V, Isaacs L. Cucurbit[7]uril containers for targeted delivery of oxaliplatin to cancer cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:12033-7. [PMID: 24039074 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201305061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 (USA)
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518
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Krishnan V, Rajasekaran AK. Clinical nanomedicine: a solution to the chemotherapy conundrum in pediatric leukemia therapy. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2013; 95:168-78. [PMID: 24013811 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2013.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Although chemotherapy-based treatment of leukemia has tremendously improved survival rates in children, induction of treatment-related side effects is a major concern in clinical oncology. The development of nanotechnology-based drug delivery techniques to target clinically approved anticancer agents specifically to leukemic cells should diminish toxic side effects. This review aims to address the rational design of nanotherapeutics in treating hematologic malignancies with a focus on acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)--the most prominent form of pediatric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Krishnan
- 1] Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA [2] Nemours Center for Childhood Cancer Research, A.I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, USA [3] Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - A K Rajasekaran
- 1] Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA [2] Nemours Center for Childhood Cancer Research, A.I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, USA [3] Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA [4] Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Translational Cancer Research, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
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519
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Ohno K, Mori C, Akashi T, Yoshida S, Tago Y, Tsujii Y, Tabata Y. Fabrication of contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging from polymer-brush-afforded iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles prepared by surface-initiated living radical polymerization. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:3453-62. [PMID: 23957585 DOI: 10.1021/bm400770n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to fabricate a contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by using hybrid particles composed of a core of iron oxide magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles and a shell of hydrophilic polymer brush synthesized by surface-initiated (SI) living radical polymerization. To achieve this, Fe3O4 nanoparticles were surface-modified with initiating groups for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) via a ligand-exchange reaction in the presence of a triethoxysilane derivative having an ATRP initiation site. The ATRP-initiator-functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticles were used for performing the SI-ATRP of methyl methacrylate to demonstrate the ability of the synthesized nanoparticles to produce well-defined polymer brushes on their surfaces. The polymerization proceeded in a living fashion so as to produce graft polymers with targeted molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distribution. The average graft density was estimated to be as high as 0.7 chains/nm(2), which indicates the formation of so-called concentrated polymer brushes on the Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscope observations of the hybrid nanoparticles revealed their uniformity and dispersibility in solvents to be excellent. A similar polymerization process was conducted using a hydrophilic monomer, poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA), to prepare Fe3O4 nanoparticles grafted with poly(PEGMA) brushes. The resultant hybrid nanoparticles showed excellent dispersibility in aqueous media including physiological conditions without causing any aggregations. The blood clearance and biodistribution of the hybrid particles were investigated by intravenously injecting particles labeled with a radio isotope, (125)I, into mice. It was found that some hybrid particles exhibited an excellently prolonged circulation lifetime in the blood with a half-life of about 24 h. When such hybrid particles were injected intravenously into a tumor-bearing mouse, they preferentially accumulated in the tumor tissues owing to the so-called enhanced permeability and retention effect. The tumor-targeted delivery was visualized by a T2-enhaced MRI measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohji Ohno
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University , Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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520
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Li Z, Wang C, Cheng L, Gong H, Yin S, Gong Q, Li Y, Liu Z. PEG-functionalized iron oxide nanoclusters loaded with chlorin e6 for targeted, NIR light induced, photodynamic therapy. Biomaterials 2013; 34:9160-70. [PMID: 24008045 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic targeting that utilizes a magnetic field to specifically delivery theranostic agents to targeted tumor regions can greatly improve the cancer treatment efficiency. Herein, we load chlorin e6 (Ce6), a widely used PS molecule in PDT, on polyethylene glycol (PEG) functionalized iron oxide nanoclusters (IONCs), obtaining IONC-PEG-Ce6 as a theranostic agent for dual-mode imaging guided and magnetic-targeting enhanced in vivo PDT. Interestingly, after being loaded on PEGylated IONCs, the absorbance/excitation peak of Ce6 shows an obvious red-shift from ~650 nm to ~700 nm, which locates in the NIR region with improved tissue penetration. Without noticeable dark toxicity, Ce6 loaded IONC-PEG (IONC-PEG-Ce6) exhibits significantly accelerated cellular uptake compared with free Ce6, and thus offers greatly improved in vitro photodynamic cancer cell killing efficiency under a low-power light exposure. After demonstrating the magnetic field (MF) enhanced PDT using IONC-PEG-Ce6, we then further test this concept in animal experiments. Owing to the strong magnetism of IONCs and the long blood-circulation time offered by the condensed PEG coating, IONC-PEG-Ce6 shows strong MF-induced tumor homing ability, as evidenced by in vivo dual modal optical and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. In vivo PDT experiment based magnetic tumor targeting using IONC-PEG-Ce6 is finally carried out, achieving high therapeutic efficacy with dramatically delayed tumor growth after just a single injection and the MF-enhanced photodynamic treatment. Considering the biodegradability and non-toxicity of iron oxide, our IONC-PEG-Ce6 presented in this work may be a useful multifunctional agent promising in photodynamic cancer treatment under magnetic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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521
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Park H, Na K. Conjugation of the photosensitizer Chlorin e6 to pluronic F127 for enhanced cellular internalization for photodynamic therapy. Biomaterials 2013; 34:6992-7000. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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522
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Kong M, Park H, Cheng X, Chen X. Spatial-temporal event adaptive characteristics of nanocarrier drug delivery in cancer therapy. J Control Release 2013; 172:281-291. [PMID: 24004884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In cancer therapy, drug delivery is a complex process that aims to transit the cargo to the destination with as little damage to the normal tissue as possible. In the last decade, tremendous development and research on nanomedicine have been exploring an ideal system with efficient drug transportation and release property. For this end, series of barriers need to be circumvented by nanomedicine, including systemic barriers, such as biosurface adsorption, phagocytic clearance, bloodstream washing, interstitial pressure, degradation, as well as intracellular barriers, such as cell membrane reorganization and internalization, endo/lysosomal escape, cytosolic or subcellular localization. Rather than being random, these barriers follow a specific spatial-temporal sequence. Therefore, the nanocarriers have to be endowed with characteristics that are adaptive to particular biological milieu on systemic and intracellular levels. To this end, we reviewed the correlations between the spatial-temporal sequences of drug delivery and nanocarrier characteristics in cancer therapy, as well as strategies to achieve efficient drug delivery upon both systemic and intracellular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Kong
- Biochemistry and biomaterial key laboratory of Shandong colleges and universities, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China.
| | - Hyunjin Park
- Graduate School Biotechnology, Korea University, 1, 5-Ka, Anam-Dong, Sungbuk-Ku, Seoul 136-701, South Korea
| | - Xiaojie Cheng
- Biochemistry and biomaterial key laboratory of Shandong colleges and universities, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Xiguang Chen
- Biochemistry and biomaterial key laboratory of Shandong colleges and universities, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China.
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523
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Dey S, Sreenivasan K. Conjugation of curcumin onto alginate enhances aqueous solubility and stability of curcumin. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 99:499-507. [PMID: 24274536 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin is a potential drug for various diseases including cancer. Prime limitations associated with curcumin are low water solubility, rapid hydrolytic degradation and poor bioavailability. In order to redress these issues we developed Alginate-Curcumin (Alg-Ccm) conjugate which was characterized by FTIR and (1)H NMR spectroscopy. The conjugate self-assembled in aqueous solution forming micelles with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 459 ± 0.32 nm and negative zeta potential. The spherical micelles were visualized by TEM. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of Alg-Ccm conjugate was determined. A significant enhancement in the aqueous solubility of curcumin was observed upon conjugation with alginate. Formation of micelles improved the stability of curcumin in water at physiological pH. The cytotoxic activity of Alg-Ccm was quantified by MTT assay using L-929 fibroblast cells and it was found to be potentially cytotoxic. Hence, Alg-Ccm could be a promising drug conjugate as well as a nanosized delivery vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Dey
- Laboratory for Polymer Analysis, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Poojapura, Trivandrum 695012, India
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524
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Li H, Aneja R, Chaiken I. Click chemistry in peptide-based drug design. Molecules 2013; 18:9797-817. [PMID: 23959192 PMCID: PMC4155329 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18089797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Click chemistry is an efficient and chemoselective synthetic method for coupling molecular fragments under mild reaction conditions. Since the advent in 2001 of methods to improve stereochemical conservation, the click chemistry approach has been broadly used to construct diverse chemotypes in both chemical and biological fields. In this review, we discuss the application of click chemistry in peptide-based drug design. We highlight how triazoles formed by click reactions have been used for mimicking peptide and disulfide bonds, building secondary structural components of peptides, linking functional groups together, and bioconjugation. The progress made in this field opens the way for synthetic approaches to convert peptides with promising functional leads into structure-minimized and more stable forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, 245 N 15th Street, New College Building, Room 11102, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.
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525
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Wu L, Fang S, Shi S, Deng J, Liu B, Cai L. Hybrid Polypeptide Micelles Loading Indocyanine Green for Tumor Imaging and Photothermal Effect Study. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:3027-33. [DOI: 10.1021/bm400839b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Institute
of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced
Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Shengtao Fang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Institute
of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced
Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Shuai Shi
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Institute
of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced
Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Jizhe Deng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Institute
of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced
Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Bin Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Institute
of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced
Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Lintao Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Institute
of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced
Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
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526
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Aw MS, Kurian M, Losic D. Polymeric micelles for multidrug delivery and combination therapy. Chemistry 2013; 19:12586-601. [PMID: 23943229 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The use of conventional therapy based on a single therapeutic agent is not optimal to treat human diseases. The concept called "combination therapy", based on simultaneous administration of multiple therapeutics is recognized as a more efficient solution. Interestingly, this concept has been in use since ancient times in traditional herbal remedies with drug combinations, despite mechanisms of these therapeutics not fully comprehended by scientists. This idea has been recently re-enacted in modern scenarios with the introduction of polymeric micelles loaded with several drugs as multidrug nanocarriers. This Concept article presents current research and developments on the application of polymeric micelles for multidrug delivery and combination therapy. The principles of micelle formation, their structure, and the developments and concept of multidrug delivery are introduced, followed by discussion on recent advances of multidrug delivery concepts directed towards targeted drug delivery and cancer, gene, and RNA therapies. The advantages of various polymeric micelles designed for different applications, and new developments combined with diagnostics and imaging are elucidated. A compilation work from our group based on multidrug-loaded micelles as carriers in drug-releasing implants for local delivery systems based on titania nanotubes is summarized. Finally, an overview of recent developments and prospective outlook for future trends in this field is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moom Sinn Aw
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005 (Australia)
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527
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Hu X, Tian J, Liu T, Zhang G, Liu S. Photo-Triggered Release of Caged Camptothecin Prodrugs from Dually Responsive Shell Cross-Linked Micelles. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma400691j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianglong Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter
Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National
Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026,
China
| | - Jie Tian
- Engineering and Materials
Science Experiment Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Tao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter
Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National
Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026,
China
| | - Guoying Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter
Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National
Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026,
China
| | - Shiyong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter
Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National
Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026,
China
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528
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Li K, Wen S, Larson AC, Shen M, Zhang Z, Chen Q, Shi X, Zhang G. Multifunctional dendrimer-based nanoparticles for in vivo MR/CT dual-modal molecular imaging of breast cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:2589-600. [PMID: 23888113 PMCID: PMC3722039 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s46177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of dual-mode or multi-mode imaging contrast agents is important for accurate and self-confirmatory diagnosis of cancer. We report a new multifunctional, dendrimer-based gold nanoparticle (AuNP) as a dual-modality contrast agent for magnetic resonance (MR)/computed tomography (CT) imaging of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. In this study, amine-terminated generation 5 poly(amidoamine) dendrimers modified with gadolinium chelate (DOTA-NHS) and polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether were used as templates to synthesize AuNPs, followed by Gd(III) chelation and acetylation of the remaining dendrimer terminal amine groups; multifunctional dendrimer-entrapped AuNPs (Gd-Au DENPs) were formed. The formed Gd-Au DENPs were used for both in vitro and in vivo MR/CT imaging of human MCF-7 cancer cells. Both MR and CT images demonstrate that MCF-7 cells and the xenograft tumor model can be effectively imaged. The Gd-Au DENPs uptake, mainly in the cell cytoplasm, was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. The cell cytotoxicity assay, cell morphology observation, and flow cytometry show that the developed Gd-Au DENPs have good biocompatibility in the given concentration range. Our results clearly suggest that the synthetic Gd-Au DENPs are amenable for dual-modality MR/CT imaging of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangan Li
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shihui Wen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Andrew C Larson
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mingwu Shen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuoli Zhang
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guixiang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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529
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Ding J, Li D, Zhuang X, Chen X. Self-Assemblies of pH-Activatable PEGylated Multiarm Poly(lactic acid-co
-glycolic acid)-Doxorubicin Prodrugs with Improved Long-Term Antitumor Efficacies. Macromol Biosci 2013; 13:1300-7. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201300160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianxun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Di Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Xiuli Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
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530
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Hill ML, Gorelikov I, Niroui F, Levitin RB, Mainprize JG, Yaffe MJ, Rowlands JA, Matsuura N. Towards a nanoscale mammographic contrast agent: development of a modular pre-clinical dual optical/x-ray agent. Phys Med Biol 2013; 58:5215-35. [PMID: 23851978 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/58/15/5215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Contrast-enhanced digital mammography (CEDM) can provide improved breast cancer detection and characterization compared to conventional mammography by imaging the effects of tumour angiogenesis. Current small-molecule contrast agents used for CEDM are limited by a short plasma half-life and rapid extravasation into tissue interstitial space. To address these limitations, nanoscale agents that can remain intravascular except at sites of tumour angiogenesis can be used. For CEDM, this agent must be both biocompatible and strongly attenuate mammographic energy x-rays. Nanoscale perfluorooctylbromide (PFOB) droplets have good x-ray attenuation and have been used in patients for other applications. However, the macroscopic scale of x-ray imaging (50-100 µm) is inadequate for direct verification that PFOB droplets localize at sites of breast tumour angiogenesis. For efficient pre-clinical optimization for CEDM, we integrated an optical marker into PFOB droplets for microscopic assessment (≪50 µm). To develop PFOB droplets as a new nanoscale mammographic contrast agent, PFOB droplets were labelled with fluorescent quantum dots (QDs). The droplets had mean diameters of 160 nm, fluoresced at 635 nm and attenuated x-ray spectra at 30.5 keV mean energy with a relative attenuation of 5.6 ± 0.3 Hounsfield units (HU) mg(-1) mL(-1) QD-PFOB. With the agent loaded into tissue phantoms, good correlation between x-ray attenuation and optical fluorescence was found (R(2) = 0.96), confirming co-localization of the QDs with PFOB for quantitative assessment using x-ray or optical methods. Furthermore, the QDs can be removed from the PFOB agent without affecting its x-ray attenuation or structural properties for expedited translation of optimized PFOB droplet formulations into patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L Hill
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
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531
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Chen YC, Lo CL, Hsiue GH. Multifunctional nanomicellar systems for delivering anticancer drugs. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:2024-38. [PMID: 23828850 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Most anticancer drugs cause severe side effect due to the lack of selectivity for cancer cells. In recent years, new strategies of micellar systems, which design for specifically target anticancer drugs to tumors, are developed at the forefront of polymeric science. To improve efficiency of delivery and cancer specificity, considerable emphasis has been placed on the development of micellar systems with passive and active targeting. In this review article, we summarized various strategies of designing multifunctional micellar systems in the purpose of improving delivery efficiency. Micellar systems compose of a multifunctional copolymer or a mixture of two or more copolymers with different properties is a plausible approach to tuning the resulting properties and satisfied various requirements for anticancer drug delivery. It appears that multifunctional micellar systems hold great potential in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chun Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Chemical Engineering and R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli, 320, Taiwan, ROC
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532
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Liu CW, Lin WJ. Using doxorubicin and siRNA-loaded heptapeptide-conjugated nanoparticles to enhance chemosensitization in epidermal growth factor receptor high-expressed breast cancer cells. J Drug Target 2013; 21:776-86. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2013.811511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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533
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Maeda H. The link between infection and cancer: tumor vasculature, free radicals, and drug delivery to tumors via the EPR effect. Cancer Sci 2013; 104:779-89. [PMID: 23495730 PMCID: PMC7657157 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses primarily on my own research, including pathogenic mechanisms of microbial infection, vascular permeability in infection and tumors, and effects of nitric oxide (NO), superoxide anion radical (O₂⁻), and 8-nitroguanosine in the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect for the tumor-selective delivery of macromolecular agents (nanomedicines). Infection-induced vascular permeability is mediated by activation of the kinin-generating protease cascade (kallikrein-kinin) triggered by exogenous microbial proteases. A similar mechanism operates in cancer tissues and in carcinomatosis of the pleural and peritoneal cavities. Infection also stimulates O₂⁻ generation via activation of xanthine oxidase while generating NO by inducing NO synthase. These chemicals function in mutation and carcinogenesis and promote inflammation, in which peroxynitrite (a product of O₂⁻ and NO) activates MMP, damages DNA and RNA, and regenerates 8-nitroguanosine and 8-oxoguanosine. We showed vascular permeability by using macromolecular drugs, which are not simply extravasated through the vascular wall into the tumor interstitium but remain there for prolonged periods. We thus discovered the EPR effect, which led to the rational development of tumor-selective delivery of polymer conjugates, micellar and liposomal drugs, and genes. Our styrene-maleic acid copolymer conjugated with neocarzinostatin was the first agent of its kind used to treat hepatoma. The EPR effect occurs not only because of defective vascular architecture but also through the generation of various vascular mediators such as kinin, NO, and vascular endothelial growth factor. Although most solid tumors, including human tumors, show the EPR effect, heterogeneity of tumor tissue may impede drug delivery. This review describes the barriers and countermeasures for improved drug delivery to tumors by using nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Maeda
- Institute of Drug Delivery System Research, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan.
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534
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Chen Q, Li K, Wen S, Liu H, Peng C, Cai H, Shen M, Zhang G, Shi X. Targeted CT/MR dual mode imaging of tumors using multifunctional dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2013; 34:5200-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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535
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Langereis S, Geelen T, Grüll H, Strijkers GJ, Nicolay K. Paramagnetic liposomes for molecular MRI and MRI-guided drug delivery. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2013; 26:728-44. [PMID: 23703874 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.2971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes are a versatile class of nanoparticles with tunable properties, and multiple liposomal drug formulations have been clinically approved for cancer treatment. In recent years, an extensive library of gadolinium (Gd)-containing liposomal MRI contrast agents has been developed for molecular and cellular imaging of disease-specific markers and for image-guided drug delivery. This review discusses the advances in the development and novel applications of paramagnetic liposomes in molecular and cellular imaging, and in image-guided drug delivery. A high targeting specificity has been achieved in vitro using ligand-conjugated paramagnetic liposomes. On targeting of internalizing cell receptors, the effective longitudinal relaxivity r1 of paramagnetic liposomes is modulated by compartmentalization effects. This provides unique opportunities to monitor the biological fate of liposomes. In vivo contrast-enhanced MRI studies with nontargeted liposomes have shown the extravasation of liposomes in diseases associated with endothelial dysfunction, such as tumors and myocardial infarction. The in vivo use of targeted paramagnetic liposomes has facilitated the specific imaging of pathophysiological processes, such as angiogenesis and inflammation. Paramagnetic liposomes loaded with drugs have been utilized for therapeutic interventions. MR image-guided drug delivery using such liposomes allows the visualization and quantification of local drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Langereis
- Department of Minimally Invasive Healthcare, Philips Research Eindhoven, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
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536
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Shahin M, Soudy R, El-Sikhry H, Seubert JM, Kaur K, Lavasanifar A. Engineered peptides for the development of actively tumor targeted liposomal carriers of doxorubicin. Cancer Lett 2013; 334:284-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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537
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Kim HK, Thompson DH, Jang HS, Chung YJ, Van den Bossche J. pH-responsive biodegradable assemblies containing tunable phenyl-substituted vinyl ethers for use as efficient gene delivery vehicles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:5648-5658. [PMID: 23772824 PMCID: PMC3740352 DOI: 10.1021/am400977t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Novel pH-responsive assemblies (PEG-lipid:DOPE liposomes) containing tunable and bifunctional phenyl-substituted vinyl ether (PIVE) cross-linkers were prepared. The assemblies consisted of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE), acid-cleavable poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-conjugated lipids, pDNA, and protamine sulfate (PS). The PIVE linkage was designed to hydrolyze under acidic conditions, and the hydrolysis studies of PEG-lipid compounds containing PIVE at pH 4.2, 5.4, and 7.4 indicated that the hydrolysis rates of PIVE linker were influenced by the substitution of electron withdrawing or electron donating groups on the phenyl ring. Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of PIVE leads to destabilization of the acid labile PEG-PIVE-lipid:DOPE liposomes via dePEGylation, thereby triggering content release. Content release assays showed that dePEGylation was highly pH-dependent and correlated with the PIVE proton affinity of the phenyl group. These results indicated that the dePEGylative triggering based on a new pH-sensitive PIVE linkage can be controlled. In vitro transfection studies on the pH-responsive assemblies containing mPEG-(MeO-PIVE)-conjugated 1,3-dioctadecyl-rac-glycerol lipids (mPEG-(MeO-PIVE])-DOG) showed higher transfection efficiency compared to that of polyethylenimine (PEI), a positive control, on HEK 293 and COS-7 cells. In addition, lower cytotoxicity of PEG-PIVE-lipid:DOPE liposomes/PS/DNA was observed in comparison to PEI. These results suggest that PEG-PIVE-lipid:DOPE liposomes can be considered as nonviral vehicles for drug and gene delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Kwon Kim
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
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538
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Oude Blenke E, Mastrobattista E, Schiffelers RM. Strategies for triggered drug release from tumor targeted liposomes. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2013; 10:1399-410. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2013.805742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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539
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Won YY, Lee H. "pH phoresis": a new concept that can be used for improving drug delivery to tumor cells. J Control Release 2013; 170:396-400. [PMID: 23791576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We propose a new concept describing how nanoparticles composed of weak polybases (such as polyamines) would behave when they are exposed to a pH gradient; weak polybase-containing particles will tend to accumulate preferentially in low pH regions under a pH gradient environment. This phenomenon, which we term "pH phoresis", may provide a useful mechanism for improving the delivery of drugs to cancer cells in solid tumor tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Yeon Won
- School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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540
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Gueugnon F, Denis I, Pouliquen D, Collette F, Delatouche R, Héroguez V, Grégoire M, Bertrand P, Blanquart C. Nanoparticles produced by ring-opening metathesis polymerization using norbornenyl-poly(ethylene oxide) as a ligand-free generic platform for highly selective in vivo tumor targeting. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:2396-402. [PMID: 23731363 DOI: 10.1021/bm400516b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We described a norbornenyl-poly(ethylene oxide) nanoparticles ligand-free generic platform, made fluorescent with straightforward preparation by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Our method allowed to easily obtain a drug delivery system (DDS) with facilitated functionalization by means of azide-alkyne click chemistry and with a high selectivity for the tumor in vivo, while cellular internalization is obtained without cell targeting strategy. We demonstrated that our nanoparticles are internalized by endocytosis and colocalized with acidic intracellular compartments in two models of aggressive tumoral cell lines with low prognostic and limited therapeutic treatments. Our nanoparticles could be of real interest to limit the toxicity and to increase the clinical benefit of drugs suffering rapid clearance and side effects and an alternative for cancers with poorly efficient therapeutic solutions by associating the drug delivery in the tumor tissue with an acid-sensitive release system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Gueugnon
- Inserm, U892, CNRS, UMR 6299, and University of Nantes, 8 Quai Moncousu, 44007 Nantes cedex 1, France
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541
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Dan K, Ghosh S. One-Pot Synthesis of an Acid-Labile Amphiphilic Triblock Copolymer and its pH-Responsive Vesicular Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201302722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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542
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Dan K, Ghosh S. One-Pot Synthesis of an Acid-Labile Amphiphilic Triblock Copolymer and its pH-Responsive Vesicular Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:7300-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201302722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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543
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Efficiency of high molecular weight backbone degradable HPMA copolymer-prostaglandin E1 conjugate in promotion of bone formation in ovariectomized rats. Biomaterials 2013; 34:6528-38. [PMID: 23731780 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiblock, high molecular weight, linear, backbone degradable HPMA copolymer-prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) conjugate has been synthesized by RAFT polymerization mediated by a new bifunctional chain transfer agent (CTA), which contains an enzymatically degradable oligopeptide sequence flanked by two dithiobenzoate groups, followed by postpolymerization aminolysis and thiol-ene chain extension. The multiblock conjugate contains Asp8 as the bone targeting moiety and enzymatically degradable bonds in the polymer backbone; in vivo degradation produces cleavage products that are below the renal threshold. Using an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model, the accumulation in bone and efficacy to promote bone formation was evaluated; low molecular weight conjugates served as control. The results indicated a higher accumulation in bone, greater enhancement of bone density, and higher plasma osteocalcin levels for the backbone degradable conjugate.
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544
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Sowik T, Hiersch L, Schatzschneider U. Nanopartikel für theranostische Anwendungen. CHEM UNSERER ZEIT 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ciuz.201390026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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545
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Therapeutic efficacy of plasmonic photothermal nanoparticles in hamster buccal pouch carcinoma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2013; 115:743-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2012.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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546
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Oerlemans C, Deckers R, Storm G, Hennink WE, Nijsen JFW. Evidence for a new mechanism behind HIFU-triggered release from liposomes. J Control Release 2013; 168:327-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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547
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Chloroaluminium phthalocyanine polymeric nanoparticles as photosensitisers: Photophysical and physicochemical characterisation, release and phototoxicity in vitro. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 49:371-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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548
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van Asbeck AH, Beyerle A, McNeill H, Bovee-Geurts PHM, Lindberg S, Verdurmen WPR, Hällbrink M, Langel U, Heidenreich O, Brock R. Molecular parameters of siRNA--cell penetrating peptide nanocomplexes for efficient cellular delivery. ACS NANO 2013; 7:3797-807. [PMID: 23600610 DOI: 10.1021/nn305754c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are versatile tools for the intracellular delivery of various biomolecules, including siRNA. Recently, CPPs were introduced that showed greatly enhanced delivery efficiency. However, the molecular basis of this increased activity is poorly understood. Here, we performed a detailed analysis of the molecular and physicochemical properties of seven different siRNA-CPP nanoparticles. In addition, we determined which complexes are internalized most efficiently into the leukemia cell-line SKNO-1, and subsequently inhibited the expression of a luciferase reporter gene. We demonstrated effective complexation of siRNA for all tested CPPs, and optimal encapsulation of the siRNA was achieved at very similar molar ratios independent of peptide charge. However, CPPs with an extreme high or low overall charge proved to be exceptions, suggesting an optimal range of charge for CPP-siRNA nanoparticle formation based on opposite charge. The most active CPP (PepFect6) displayed high serum resistance but also high sensitivity to decomplexation by polyanionic macromolecules, indicating the necessity for partial decomplexation for efficient uptake. Surprisingly, CPP-siRNA complexes acquired a negative ζ-potential in the presence of serum. These novel insights shed light on the observation that cell association is necessary but not sufficient for activity and motivate new research into the nature of the nanoparticle-cell interaction. Overall, our results provide a comprehensive molecular basis for the further development of peptide-based oligonucleotide transfection agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander H van Asbeck
- Department of Biochemistry, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands
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549
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Pelaz B, Charron G, Pfeiffer C, Zhao Y, de la Fuente JM, Liang XJ, Parak WJ, Del Pino P. Interfacing engineered nanoparticles with biological systems: anticipating adverse nano-bio interactions. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:1573-84. [PMID: 23112130 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201201229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The innovative use of engineered nanomaterials in medicine, be it in therapy or diagnosis, is growing dramatically. This is motivated by the current extraordinary control over the synthesis of complex nanomaterials with a variety of biological functions (e.g. contrast agents, drug-delivery systems, transducers, amplifiers, etc.). Engineered nanomaterials are found in the bio-context with a variety of applications in fields such as sensing, imaging, therapy or diagnosis. As the degree of control to fabricate customized novel and/or enhanced nanomaterials evolves, often new applications, devices with enhanced performance or unprecedented sensing limits can be achieved. Of course, interfacing any novel material with biological systems has to be critically analyzed as many undesirable adverse effects can be triggered (e.g. toxicity, allergy, genotoxicity, etc.) and/or the performance of the nanomaterial can be compromised due to the unexpected phenomena in physiological environments (e.g. corrosion, aggregation, unspecific absorption of biomolecules, etc.). Despite the need for standard protocols for assessing the toxicity and bio-performance of each new functional nanomaterial, these are still scarce or currently under development. Nonetheless, nanotoxicology and relating adverse effects to the physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials are emerging areas of the utmost importance which have to be continuously revisited as any new material emerges. This review highlights recent progress concerning the interaction of nanomaterials with biological systems and following adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Pelaz
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragon (INA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
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550
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Abstract
Within the past few years, chitosan-based drug delivery vehicles have become some of the most attractive to be studied. In contrast to all other polysaccharides, chitosan has demonstrated its unique characteristics for drug delivery platforms, including its active primary amino groups for chemical modification, simple and mild preparation methods for the encapsulation of biomolecules or drugs, mucoadhesion to facilitate transport across mucosal barriers and so on. In this review, an overview of the various types of chitosan-based drug delivery systems is provided, with special focus on polymeric drug conjugates and drug nanocarriers. The first part of the review is concerned with the development and applications of polymeric chitosan-drug conjugates. Then the chitosan-based nanocarrier systems as well as their preparation methods and applications are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Hu
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, No.100, Pingleyuan, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100124, China.
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