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Xie X, Zhai J, Zhou X, Guo Z, Lo PC, Zhu G, Chan KWY, Yang M. Magnetic Particle Imaging: From Tracer Design to Biomedical Applications in Vasculature Abnormality. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2306450. [PMID: 37812831 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is an emerging non-invasive tomographic technique based on the response of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to oscillating drive fields at the center of a static magnetic gradient. In contrast to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which is driven by uniform magnetic fields and projects the anatomic information of the subjects, MPI directly tracks and quantifies MNPs in vivo without background signals. Moreover, it does not require radioactive tracers and has no limitations on imaging depth. This article first introduces the basic principles of MPI and important features of MNPs for imaging sensitivity, spatial resolution, and targeted biodistribution. The latest research aiming to optimize the performance of MPI tracers is reviewed based on their material composition, physical properties, and surface modifications. While the unique advantages of MPI have led to a series of promising biomedical applications, recent development of MPI in investigating vascular abnormalities in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems, and cancer are also discussed. Finally, recent progress and challenges in the clinical translation of MPI are discussed to provide possible directions for future research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xulin Xie
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Jiao Zhai
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Zhengjun Guo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Pui-Chi Lo
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Guangyu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Kannie W Y Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Mengsu Yang
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
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2
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Stepanova D, Byrne HM, Maini PK, Alarcón T. Computational modeling of angiogenesis: The importance of cell rearrangements during vascular growth. WIREs Mech Dis 2024; 16:e1634. [PMID: 38084799 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the process wherein endothelial cells (ECs) form sprouts that elongate from the pre-existing vasculature to create new vascular networks. In addition to its essential role in normal development, angiogenesis plays a vital role in pathologies such as cancer, diabetes and atherosclerosis. Mathematical and computational modeling has contributed to unraveling its complexity. Many existing theoretical models of angiogenic sprouting are based on the "snail-trail" hypothesis. This framework assumes that leading ECs positioned at sprout tips migrate toward low-oxygen regions while other ECs in the sprout passively follow the leaders' trails and proliferate to maintain sprout integrity. However, experimental results indicate that, contrary to the snail-trail assumption, ECs exchange positions within developing vessels, and the elongation of sprouts is primarily driven by directed migration of ECs. The functional role of cell rearrangements remains unclear. This review of the theoretical modeling of angiogenesis is the first to focus on the phenomenon of cell mixing during early sprouting. We start by describing the biological processes that occur during early angiogenesis, such as phenotype specification, cell rearrangements and cell interactions with the microenvironment. Next, we provide an overview of various theoretical approaches that have been employed to model angiogenesis, with particular emphasis on recent in silico models that account for the phenomenon of cell mixing. Finally, we discuss when cell mixing should be incorporated into theoretical models and what essential modeling components such models should include in order to investigate its functional role. This article is categorized under: Cardiovascular Diseases > Computational Models Cancer > Computational Models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Stepanova
- Laboratorio Subterráneo de Canfranc, Canfranc-Estación, Huesca, Spain
| | - Helen M Byrne
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Philip K Maini
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tomás Alarcón
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre de Recerca Matemàtica, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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3
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Ma S, Li Y, Liu F, Wang X, Qin Z, Wang L, Yang J, Wang L, Yang W, Wang N, You Y, Wu Q, Gong C. Hierarchical-unlocking virus-esque NanoCRISPR precisely disrupts autocrine and paracrine pathway of VEGF for tumor inhibition and antiangiogenesis. J Control Release 2024; 366:505-518. [PMID: 38184233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) not only serves as an autocrine survival factor for tumor cells themselves, but also stimulates angiogenesis by paracrine pathway. Strategies targeting VEGF holds tremendous potential for tumor therapy, however, agents targeting VEGF are limited by intolerable side effects, together with incomplete and temporary blocking of VEGF, resulting in unsatisfactory and unsustained therapeutic outcomes. Herein, hierarchical-unlocking virus-esque NanoCRISPR (HUNGER) is constructed for complete, permanent and efficient intracellular disruption of autocrine and paracrine pathway of VEGF, thereby eliciting notable tumor inhibition and antiangiogenesis. After intravenous administration, HUNGER exhibits prolonged blood circulation and hyaluronic acid-CD44 mediated tumor-targeting capability. Subsequently, when matrix metalloproteinase-2 is overexpressed in the tumor microenvironment, the PEG layer will be removed. The cell-penetrating peptide R8 endows HUNGER deep tumor penetration and specific cellular uptake. Upon cellular internalization, HUNGER undergoes hyaluronidase-triggered deshielding in lysosome, lysosomal escape is realized swiftly, and then the loaded CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid (>8 kb) is transported to nucleus efficiently. Consequentially, complete, permanent and efficient intracellular disruption of autocrine and paracrine pathway of VEGF ensures inhibition of angiogenesis and tumor growth with inappreciable toxicity. Overall, this work opens a brand-new avenue for anti-VEGF therapy and presents a feasible strategy for in vivo delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Ma
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yingjie Li
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Furong Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zeyi Qin
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wen Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanjie You
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750002, China
| | - Qinjie Wu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Changyang Gong
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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4
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Yin J, Dong F, An J, Guo T, Cheng H, Zhang J, Zhang J. Pattern recognition of microcirculation with super-resolution ultrasound imaging provides markers for early tumor response to anti-angiogenic therapy. Theranostics 2024; 14:1312-1324. [PMID: 38323316 PMCID: PMC10845201 DOI: 10.7150/thno.89306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Cancer treatment outcome is traditionally evaluated by tumor volume change in clinics, while tumor microvascular heterogeneity reflecting tumor response has not been fully explored due to technical limitations. Methods: We introduce a new paradigm in super-resolution ultrasound imaging, termed pattern recognition of microcirculation (PARM), which identifies both hemodynamic and morphological patterns of tumor microcirculation hidden in spatio-temporal space trajectories of microbubbles. Results: PARM demonstrates the ability to distinguish different local blood flow velocities separated by a distance of 24 μm. Compared with traditional vascular parameters, PARM-derived heterogeneity parameters prove to be more sensitive to microvascular changes following anti-angiogenic therapy. Particularly, PARM-identified "sentinel" microvasculature, exhibiting evident structural changes as early as 24 hours after treatment initiation, correlates significantly with subsequent tumor volume changes (|r| > 0.9, P < 0.05). This provides prognostic insight into tumor response much earlier than clinical criteria. Conclusions: The ability of PARM to noninvasively quantify tumor vascular heterogeneity at the microvascular level may shed new light on early-stage assessment of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Yin
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Feihong Dong
- College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian An
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyu Guo
- College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Heping Cheng
- College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Mitochondria in Brain Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PKU-Nanjing Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiabin Zhang
- College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jue Zhang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Mitochondria in Brain Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PKU-Nanjing Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
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5
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Ng MSF, Kwok I, Tan L, Shi C, Cerezo-Wallis D, Tan Y, Leong K, Calvo GF, Yang K, Zhang Y, Jin J, Liong KH, Wu D, He R, Liu D, Teh YC, Bleriot C, Caronni N, Liu Z, Duan K, Narang V, Ballesteros I, Moalli F, Li M, Chen J, Liu Y, Liu L, Qi J, Liu Y, Jiang L, Shen B, Cheng H, Cheng T, Angeli V, Sharma A, Loh YH, Tey HL, Chong SZ, Iannacone M, Ostuni R, Hidalgo A, Ginhoux F, Ng LG. Deterministic reprogramming of neutrophils within tumors. Science 2024; 383:eadf6493. [PMID: 38207030 DOI: 10.1126/science.adf6493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Neutrophils are increasingly recognized as key players in the tumor immune response and are associated with poor clinical outcomes. Despite recent advances characterizing the diversity of neutrophil states in cancer, common trajectories and mechanisms governing the ontogeny and relationship between these neutrophil states remain undefined. Here, we demonstrate that immature and mature neutrophils that enter tumors undergo irreversible epigenetic, transcriptional, and proteomic modifications to converge into a distinct, terminally differentiated dcTRAIL-R1+ state. Reprogrammed dcTRAIL-R1+ neutrophils predominantly localize to a glycolytic and hypoxic niche at the tumor core and exert pro-angiogenic function that favors tumor growth. We found similar trajectories in neutrophils across multiple tumor types and in humans, suggesting that targeting this program may provide a means of enhancing certain cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa S F Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Immanuel Kwok
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Leonard Tan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Changming Shi
- Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Daniela Cerezo-Wallis
- Area of Cell & Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yingrou Tan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- National Skin Centre, National Healthcare Group, Singapore
| | - Keith Leong
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Gabriel F Calvo
- Department of Mathematics & MOLAB-Mathematical Oncology Laboratory, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Katharine Yang
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Yuning Zhang
- Immunology Translational Research Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Program, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jingsi Jin
- Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ka Hang Liong
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Dandan Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui He
- Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dehua Liu
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Ye Chean Teh
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Camille Bleriot
- INSERM U1015, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- CNRS UMR8253, Institut Necker des Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Nicoletta Caronni
- Genomics of the Innate Immune System Unit, San Raffaele-Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Zhaoyuan Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaibo Duan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Vipin Narang
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Iván Ballesteros
- Area of Cell & Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Federica Moalli
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Experimental Imaging Centre, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Mengwei Li
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Jinmiao Chen
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China
| | - Lianxin Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China
| | - Jingjing Qi
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cancer Biology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingbin Liu
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cancer Biology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingxi Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Pancreatic Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baiyong Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Pancreatic Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Veronique Angeli
- Immunology Translational Research Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Program, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ankur Sharma
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Yuin-Han Loh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore
| | - Hong Liang Tey
- National Skin Centre, National Healthcare Group, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shu Zhen Chong
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Matteo Iannacone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Experimental Imaging Centre, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Renato Ostuni
- Genomics of the Innate Immune System Unit, San Raffaele-Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrés Hidalgo
- Area of Cell & Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- INSERM U1015, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore
| | - Lai Guan Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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6
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Zhou G, Gao Y, Shi Y, Qiu S, Lin G, Ding X, Wang W, Feng Y, Wang F, Qiao J. Design of in vitro biomimetic experimental system and simulation analysis for transvascular transport of nano-preparation. Microvasc Res 2024; 151:104597. [PMID: 37619888 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2023.104597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the enhanced penetration and retention (EPR) effect of nano-preparations has been questioned. Whether the vascular endothelial cell gap (VECG) is the main transport pathway of nano-preparations has become a hot issue at present. Therefore, we propose an in vitro biomimetic experimental system that demonstrates the transvascular transport of nano-preparation. Based on the tumor growth process, the experimental system was used to simulate the change process of abnormal factors (vascular endothelial cell gap and interstitial fluid pressure (IFP)) in the tumor microenvironment. The influence of change in the abnormal factors on the enhanced penetration and retention effect of nano-preparation was explored, and simulation verification was performed. The results show that when the interstitial fluid pressure is close to the vascular fluid pressure (VFP), the transport of nano-preparation is obstructed, resulting in the disappearance of enhanced penetration and retention effect of the nano-preparation. This indicates that the pressure gradient between vascular fluid pressure and interstitial fluid pressure determines whether the enhanced penetration and retention effect of nano-preparations can exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhen Zhou
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250031, China
| | - Yan Gao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250031, China
| | - Yanbin Shi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250031, China; School of Arts and Design, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Shengnan Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Guimei Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xinbing Ding
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250031, China
| | - Wenguang Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250031, China
| | - Yihua Feng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250031, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250031, China
| | - Jinwei Qiao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250031, China
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7
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Thapa K, Khan H, Kaur G, Kumar P, Singh TG. Therapeutic targeting of angiopoietins in tumor angiogenesis and cancer development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 687:149130. [PMID: 37944468 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The formation and progression of tumors in humans are linked to the abnormal development of new blood vessels known as neo-angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is a broad word that encompasses endothelial cell migration, proliferation, tube formation, and intussusception, as well as peri-EC recruitment and extracellular matrix formation. Tumor angiogenesis is regulated by angiogenic factors, out of which some of the most potent angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor and Angiopoietins (ANGs) in the body are produced by macrophages and other immune cells within the tumor microenvironment. ANGs have a distinct function in tumor angiogenesis and behavior. ANG1, ANG 2, ANG 3, and ANG 4 are the family members of ANG out of which ANG2 has been extensively investigated owing to its unique role in modifying angiogenesis and its tight association with tumor progression, growth, and invasion/metastasis, which makes it an excellent candidate for therapeutic intervention in human malignancies. ANG modulators have demonstrated encouraging outcomes in the treatment of tumor development, either alone or in conjunction with VEGF inhibitors. Future development of more ANG modulators targeting other ANGs is needed. The implication of ANG1, ANG3, and ANG4 as probable therapeutic targets for anti-angiogenesis treatment in tumor development should be also evaluated. The article has described the role of ANG in tumor angiogenesis as well as tumor growth and the treatment strategies modulating ANGs in tumor angiogenesis as demonstrated in clinical studies. The pharmacological modulation of ANGs and ANG-regulated pathways that are responsible for tumor angiogenesis and cancer development should be evaluated for the development of future molecular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Thapa
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, 174103, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Heena Khan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Gagandeep Kaur
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, 174103, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, 151401, Bathinda, India
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8
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Meaney C, Stapleton S, Kohandel M. Predicting intratumoral fluid pressure and liposome accumulation using physics informed deep learning. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20548. [PMID: 37996509 PMCID: PMC10667280 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47988-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Liposome-based anticancer agents take advantage of the increased vascular permeability and transvascular pressure gradients for selective accumulation in tumors, a phenomenon known as the enhanced permeability and retention(EPR) effect. The EPR effect has motivated the clinical use of nano-therapeutics, with mixed results on treatment outcome. High interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) has been shown to limit liposome drug delivery to central tumour regions. Furthermore, high IFP is an independent prognostic biomarker for treatment efficacy in radiation therapy and chemotherapy for some solid cancers. Therefore, accurately measuring spatial liposome accumulation and IFP distribution within a solid tumour is crucial for optimal treatment planning. In this paper, we develop a model capable of predicting voxel-by-voxel intratumoral liposome accumulation and IFP using pre and post administration imaging. Our approach is based on physics informed machine learning, a novel technique combining machine learning and partial differential equations. through application to a set of mouse data and a set of synthetically-generated tumours, we show that our approach accurately predicts the spatial liposome accumulation and IFP for an individual tumour while relying on minimal information. This is an important result with applications for forecasting tumour progression and designing treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Meaney
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.
| | - Shawn Stapleton
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mohammad Kohandel
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
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9
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Gacche RN. Changing landscape of anti-angiogenic therapy: Novel approaches and clinical perspectives. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:189020. [PMID: 37951481 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Targeting angiogenesis has remained one of the important aspects in disease biology in general and cancer in particular. Currently (June 2023), over 593 clinical trials have been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov having inference of term 'angiogenesis'. A panel of 14 anti-angiogenic drugs have been approved by FDA for the treatment of variety of cancers and other human ailments. Although the anti-angiogenic therapy (AAT) has gained significant clinical attention as a promising approach in the treatment of various diseases, particularly cancer, however, sizable literature has accumulated in the recent past describing the aggressive nature of tumours after the drug holidays, evolving drug resistance and off-target toxicities. Nevertheless, the emergence of inscrutable compensatory or alternative angiogenic mechanisms is limiting the efficacy of anti-angiogenic drugs and focussing the therapeutic regime as a puzzle of 'Lernaean hydra'. This review offers an overview of recent updates on the efficacy of antiangiogenic therapy and the current clinical performance of aaRTK inhibitors. Additionally, it also explores the changing application landscape of AAT, focusing on its role in diabetic nephropathy, age-related macular degeneration and other neovascular ocular disorders. Combination therapy with antiangiogenic drugs and immune check point inhibitors (ICIs) has emerged as a potential strategy to enhance the therapeutic index of cancer immunotherapy. While clinical studies have demonstrated the clinical efficacy of this approach, they also highlight the complex and sometimes unpredictable adverse events associated with it. Normalizing tumour vasculature has been identified as a key factor in unlocking the full potential of ICIs, thereby providing hope for improved treatment outcomes. The future prospects and challenges of AAT have been described with special reference to integration of technological advances for enhancing its efficacy and applications beyond its discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh N Gacche
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, MS, India.
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10
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Lin Q, Choyke PL, Sato N. Visualizing vasculature and its response to therapy in the tumor microenvironment. Theranostics 2023; 13:5223-5246. [PMID: 37908739 PMCID: PMC10614675 DOI: 10.7150/thno.84947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor vasculature plays a critical role in the progression and metastasis of tumors, antitumor immunity, drug delivery, and resistance to therapies. The morphological and functional changes of tumor vasculature in response to therapy take place in a spatiotemporal-dependent manner, which can be predictive of treatment outcomes. Dynamic monitoring of intratumor vasculature contributes to an improved understanding of the mechanisms of action of specific therapies or reasons for treatment failure, leading to therapy optimization. There is a rich history of methods used to image the vasculature. This review describes recent advances in imaging technologies to visualize the tumor vasculature, with a focus on enhanced intravital imaging techniques and tumor window models. We summarize new insights on spatial-temporal vascular responses to various therapies, including changes in vascular perfusion and permeability and immune-vascular crosstalk, obtained from intravital imaging. Finally, we briefly discuss the clinical applications of intravital imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Noriko Sato
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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11
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Abstract
In multicellular organisms, angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones, is an essential process for growth and development. Different mechanisms such as vasculogenesis, sprouting, intussusceptive, and coalescent angiogenesis, as well as vessel co-option, vasculogenic mimicry and lymphangiogenesis, underlie the formation of new vasculature. In many pathological conditions, such as cancer, atherosclerosis, arthritis, psoriasis, endometriosis, obesity and SARS-CoV-2(COVID-19), developmental angiogenic processes are recapitulated, but are often done so without the normal feedback mechanisms that regulate the ordinary spatial and temporal patterns of blood vessel formation. Thus, pathological angiogenesis presents new challenges yet new opportunities for the design of vascular-directed therapies. Here, we provide an overview of recent insights into blood vessel development and highlight novel therapeutic strategies that promote or inhibit the process of angiogenesis to stabilize, reverse, or even halt disease progression. In our review, we will also explore several additional aspects (the angiogenic switch, hypoxia, angiocrine signals, endothelial plasticity, vessel normalization, and endothelial cell anergy) that operate in parallel to canonical angiogenesis mechanisms and speculate how these processes may also be targeted with anti-angiogenic or vascular-directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Dudley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - Arjan W Griffioen
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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12
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Giubelan A, Stancu MI, Honţaru SO, Mălăescu GD, Badea-Voiculescu O, Firoiu C, Mogoantă SŞ. Tumor angiogenesis in gastric cancer. Rom J Morphol Embryol 2023; 64:311-318. [PMID: 37867349 PMCID: PMC10720935 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.64.3.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is still a major health problem, being one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in the world. Although the overall incidence of GC is decreasing in the United States and Western Europe, it is still high in many countries from Asia, South America, and Eastern Europe. The process of angiogenesis or the formation of new blood vessels plays an important role in cancer progression, as it allows oxygen supply, nutrients, and factors to grow tumor cells. In our study, we found that gastric neoplasms have high vascularity, with anarchic distribution, uneven in tumor stroma, sometimes with congestion vessels and microhemorrhages. Most vessels were capillaries, with a discontinuous endothelium, poorly structured basement membrane, without junctions between endothelial cells, hyperpermeable, creating the possibility of local edema in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and also extravasation of the plasma, leukocytes and even red blood cells. Angiogenesis vessels showed a low number of pericytes, which shows that they are young vessels, both morphologically and functionally immature. Tumor cells can synthesize biochemical factors [vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A)] that stimulate the formation of new vessels (angiogenesis) to ensure their growth and metastasis. Some connective cells (tumor-associated mast cells, tumor-associated fibroblasts) are also involved in the angiogenesis process, which stimulate the progression of tumor cells and remodel the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Giubelan
- PhD Student, Doctoral School, Faculty of Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marius Ionuţ Stancu
- PhD Student, Department of Histology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Sorina Octavia Honţaru
- Department of Health Care and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Sciences, Physical Education and Informatics, University of Piteşti, Romania
| | - Gheorghe Dan Mălăescu
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Nursing, Târgu Jiu Subsidiary, Titu Maiorescu University, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Oana Badea-Voiculescu
- Department of Modern Languages, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Camelia Firoiu
- Department of Pathology, Emergency County Hospital, Târgu Jiu, Romania
| | - Stelian Ştefăniţă Mogoantă
- Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
- 3rd General Surgery Clinic, Emergency County Hospital, Craiova, Romania
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13
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Abstract
Angiogenesis is an essential process in normal development and in adult physiology, but can be disrupted in numerous diseases. The concept of targeting angiogenesis for treating diseases was proposed more than 50 years ago, and the first two drugs targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), bevacizumab and pegaptanib, were approved in 2004 for the treatment of cancer and neovascular ophthalmic diseases, respectively. Since then, nearly 20 years of clinical experience with anti-angiogenic drugs (AADs) have demonstrated the importance of this therapeutic modality for these disorders. However, there is a need to improve clinical outcomes by enhancing therapeutic efficacy, overcoming drug resistance, defining surrogate markers, combining with other drugs and developing the next generation of therapeutics. In this Review, we examine emerging new targets, the development of new drugs and challenging issues such as the mode of action of AADs and elucidating mechanisms underlying clinical benefits; we also discuss possible future directions of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Robert Langer
- David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Napoleone Ferrara
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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14
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Sharma GP, Kosuru R, Lakshmikanthan S, Zheng S, Chen Y, Burns R, Xin G, Cui W, Chrzanowska M. Endothelial Rap1B mediates T-cell exclusion to promote tumor growth: a novel mechanism underlying vascular immunosuppression. Angiogenesis 2023; 26:265-278. [PMID: 36403190 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-022-09862-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Overcoming vascular immunosuppression: lack of endothelial cell (EC) responsiveness to inflammatory stimuli in the proangiogenic environment of tumors, is essential for successful cancer immunotherapy. The mechanisms through which Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A(VEGF-A) modulates tumor EC response to exclude T-cells are not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that EC-specific deletion of small GTPase Rap1B, previously implicated in normal angiogenesis, restricts tumor growth in endothelial-specific Rap1B-knockout (Rap1BiΔEC) mice. EC-specific Rap1B deletion inhibits angiogenesis, but also leads to an altered tumor microenvironment with increased recruitment of leukocytes and increased activity of tumor CD8+ T-cells. Depletion of CD8+ T-cells restored tumor growth in Rap1BiΔEC mice. Mechanistically, global transcriptome and functional analyses indicated upregulation of signaling by a tumor cytokine, TNF-α, and increased NF-κB transcription in Rap1B-deficient ECs. Rap1B-deficiency led to elevated proinflammatory chemokine and Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAMs) expression in TNF-α stimulated ECs. Importantly, CAM expression was elevated in tumor ECs from Rap1BiΔEC mice. Significantly, Rap1B deletion prevented VEGF-A-induced immunosuppressive downregulation of CAM expression, demonstrating that Rap1B is essential for VEGF-A-suppressive signaling. Thus, our studies identify a novel endothelial-endogenous mechanism underlying VEGF-A-dependent desensitization of EC to proinflammatory stimuli. Significantly, they identify EC Rap1B as a potential novel vascular target in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramoji Kosuru
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, 53201-2178, USA
| | | | - Shikan Zheng
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, 53201-2178, USA
| | - Yao Chen
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, 53201-2178, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Robert Burns
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, 53201-2178, USA
| | - Gang Xin
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, 53201-2178, USA
| | - Weiguo Cui
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, 53201-2178, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Magdalena Chrzanowska
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, 53201-2178, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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15
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Zhou Y, Wu Y, Paul R, Qin X, Liu Y. Hierarchical Vessel Network-Supported Tumor Model-on-a-Chip Constructed by Induced Spontaneous Anastomosis. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:6431-6441. [PMID: 36693007 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The vascular system in living tissues is a highly organized system that consists of vessels with various diameters for nutrient delivery and waste transport. In recent years, many vessel construction methods have been developed for building vascularized on-chip tissue models. These methods usually focused on constructing vessels at a single scale. In this work, a method that can build a hierarchical and perfusable vessel networks was developed. By providing flow stimuli and proper HUVEC concentration, spontaneous anastomosis between endothelialized lumens and the self-assembled capillary network was induced; thus, a perfusable network containing vessels at different scales was achieved. With this simple method, an in vivo-like hierarchical vessel-supported tumor model was prepared and its application in anticancer drug testing was demonstrated. The tumor growth rate was predicted by combining computational fluid dynamics simulation and a tumor growth mathematical model to understand the vessel perfusability effect on tumor growth rate in the hierarchical vessel network. Compared to the tumor model without capillary vessels, the hierarchical vessel-supported tumor shows a significantly higher growth rate and drug delivery efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyuan Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania18015, United States
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania18015, United States
| | - Ratul Paul
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania18015, United States
| | - Xiaochen Qin
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania18015, United States
| | - Yaling Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania18015, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania18015, United States
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16
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Oberkersch RE, Lidonnici J, Santoro MM. How to Generate a Vascular-Labelled Transgenic Zebrafish Model to Study Tumor Angiogenesis and Extravasation. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2572:191-202. [PMID: 36161418 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2703-7_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The use of transgenic animals carrying exogenous DNA integrated in their genome is a routine in modern-day laboratories. Nowadays, the zebrafish system represents the most useful tool for transgenesis studies mainly due to easy accessibility and manipulation of the eggs, which are produced in high numbers and over a relatively short generation time. The zebrafish transgenic technology is very straightforward when coupled with angiogenesis studies allowing easy in vivo observation of the vertebrate embryonic vasculature. Here, we describe the most common technique to generate vascular-labelled transgenic zebrafish embryos and their applications to study tumor angiogenesis and visualize tumor extravasation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana E Oberkersch
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Cancer Metabolism, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Jacopo Lidonnici
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Cancer Metabolism, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Massimo M Santoro
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Cancer Metabolism, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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17
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Abstract
Cancer cells require higher oxygen levels and nutrition than normal cells. Cancer cells induce angiogenesis (the development of new blood vessels) from preexisting vessels. This biological process depends on the special, chemical, and physical properties of the microenvironment surrounding tumor tissues. The complexity of these properties hinders an understanding of their mechanisms. Various mathematical models have been developed to describe quantitative relationships related to angiogenesis. We developed a three-dimensional mathematical model that incorporates angiogenesis and tumor growth. We examined angiopoietin, which regulates the spouting and branching events in angiogenesis. The simulation successfully reproduced the transient decrease in new vessels during vascular network formation. This chapter describes the protocol used to perform the simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Sugimoto
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan.
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18
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Liu L, Gao J, Xing X, Jiang M, Liu Q, Wang S, Luo Y. Cyclin G2 in macrophages triggers CTL-mediated antitumor immunity and antiangiogenesis via interferon-gamma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:358. [PMID: 36566226 PMCID: PMC9789679 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02564-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND IFN-γ is a key mediator of tumor immunity that can induce macrophage polarization to suppress tumor growth. Cyclin G2 functions as a tumor suppressor in various cancer cells; however, its role in macrophages remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role and underlying mechanisms of cyclin G2 in macrophages in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Mouse tumor models were used to determine the effect of cyclin G2 in macrophages on tumor growth in vivo following IFN-γ treatment. Immunohistochemistry staining, immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the number of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and blood vessels in the mouse tumors. Moreover, the biological roles of cyclin G2 in macrophages with regard to CTL chemotaxis, cytotoxic function, and vascular endothelial cell tube formation were assessed using in vitro functional experiments. Immunoprecipitation (IP), real-time PCR, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were conducted to investigate the underlying mechanisms by which cyclin G2 regulates CTLs and vascular endothelial cells. RESULTS We found that cyclin G2 expression was upregulated in macrophages after IFN-γ treatment. Upregulated cyclin G2 inhibited lung and colon cancer growth by increasing the secretion of its downstream effector CXCL9, which promoted CTL chemotaxis and suppressed vascular endothelial cell tube formation. Moreover, cyclin G2 increased CXCL9 mRNA levels by promoting STAT1 nuclear translocation. In addition, cyclin G2 promoted the activation of the STAT1 signaling pathway, which was dependent on PP2Ac. CONCLUSIONS Cyclin G2 is upregulated by IFN-γ in macrophages, promotes the secretion of CXCL9 to increase CTL chemotaxis and inhibit angiogenesis to suppress tumor growth. Our findings suggest that targeting cyclin G2 could benefit future immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Liaoning Province, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlan Gao
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Liaoning Province, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuesha Xing
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Liaoning Province, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Meixi Jiang
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Liaoning Province, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Liu
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Liaoning Province, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shusen Wang
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Liaoning Province, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Luo
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Liaoning Province, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Baldini L, Lenci E, Bianchini F, Trabocchi A. Identification of a Common Pharmacophore for Binding to MMP2 and RGD Integrin: Towards a Multitarget Approach to Inhibit Cancer Angiogenesis and Metastasis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041249. [PMID: 35209039 PMCID: PMC8879803 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
During tumor angiogenesis different growth factors, cytokines and other molecules interact closely with each other to facilitate tumor cell invasion and metastatic diffusion. The most intensively studied as molecular targets in anti-angiogenic therapies are vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and related receptors, integrin receptors and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Considering the poor efficacy of cancer angiogenesis monotherapies, we reasoned combining the inhibition of αvβ3 and MMP2 as a multitarget approach to deliver a synergistic blockade of tumor cell migration, invasion and metastasis. Accordingly, we identified a common pharmacophore in the binding cavity of MMP2 and αvβ3, demonstrating such approach with the design, synthesis and bioassays of tyrosine-derived peptidomimetics carrying the necessary functional groups to bind to key pharmacophoric elements of MMP2 and αvβ3 RGD integrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Baldini
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (L.B.); (E.L.)
| | - Elena Lenci
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (L.B.); (E.L.)
| | - Francesca Bianchini
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Andrea Trabocchi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (L.B.); (E.L.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Abstract
Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a multifunctional molecular actor in cell-matrix interactions, cell adhesion, and anchorage-dependent cell growth. It combines functions of a signal transductor and a scaffold protein through its interaction with integrins, then facilitating further protein recruitment within the ILK-PINCH-Parvin complex. ILK is involved in crucial cellular processes including proliferation, survival, differentiation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis, which reflects on systemic changes in the kidney, heart, muscle, skin, and vascular system, also during the embryonal development. Dysfunction of ILK underlies the pathogenesis of various diseases, including the pro-oncogenic activity in tumorigenesis. ILK localizes mostly to the cell membrane and remains an important component of focal adhesion. We do know much about ILK but a lot still remains either uncovered or unclear. Although it was initially classified as a serine/threonine-protein kinase, its catalytical activity is now questioned due to structural and functional issues, leaving the exact molecular mechanism of signal transduction by ILK unsolved. While it is known that the three isoforms of ILK vary in length, the presence of crucial domains, and modification sites, most of the research tends to focus on the main isoform of this protein while the issue of functional differences of ILK2 and ILK3 still awaits clarification. The activity of ILK is regulated on the transcriptional, protein, and post-transcriptional levels. The crucial role of phosphorylation and ubiquitylation has been investigated, but the functions of the vast majority of modifications are still unknown. In the light of all those open issues, here we present an extensive literature survey covering a wide spectrum of latest findings as well as a past-to-present view on controversies regarding ILK, finishing with pointing out some open questions to be resolved by further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Górska
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Antonina Joanna Mazur
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland.
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21
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Mabeta P, Hull R, Dlamini Z. LncRNAs and the Angiogenic Switch in Cancer: Clinical Significance and Therapeutic Opportunities. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:152. [PMID: 35052495 PMCID: PMC8774855 DOI: 10.3390/genes13010152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is one of the hallmarks of cancer, and the establishment of new blood vessels is vital to allow for a tumour to grow beyond 1-2 mm in size. The angiogenic switch is the term given to the point where the number or activity of the pro-angiogenic factors exceeds that of the anti-angiogenic factors, resulting in the angiogenic process proceeding, giving rise to new blood vessels accompanied by increased tumour growth, metastasis, and potential drug resistance. Long noncoding ribonucleic acids (lncRNAs) have been found to play a role in the angiogenic switch by regulating gene expression, transcription, translation, and post translation modification. In this regard they play both anti-angiogenic and pro-angiogenic roles. The expression levels of the pro-angiogenic lncRNAs have been found to correlate with patient survival. These lncRNAs are also potential drug targets for the development of therapies that will inhibit or modify tumour angiogenesis. Here we review the roles of lncRNAs in regulating the angiogenic switch. We cover specific examples of both pro and anti-angiogenic lncRNAs and discuss their potential use as both prognostic biomarkers and targets for the development of future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peace Mabeta
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa;
| | - Rodney Hull
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa;
| | - Zodwa Dlamini
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa;
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22
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Bannoud N, García PA, Gambarte-Tudela J, Sundblad V, Cagnoni AJ, Bach CA, Pérez Saez JM, Blidner AG, Maller SM, Mariño KV, Salatino M, Cerliani JP, Rabinovich GA, Croci DO. Untangling Galectin-Mediated Circuits that Control Hypoxia-Driven Angiogenesis. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2442:635-653. [PMID: 35320550 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2055-7_34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Development of an aberrant vascular network is a hallmark of the multistep pathological process of tumor growth and metastasis. In response to hypoxia, several pro-angiogenic factors are synthesized to support vascularization programs required for cancer progression. Emerging data indicate the involvement of glycans and glycan-binding proteins as critical regulators of vascular circuits in health and disease. Galectins may be regulated by hypoxic conditions and control angiogenesis in different physiopathological settings. These β-galactoside-binding proteins may promote sprouting angiogenesis by interacting with different glycosylated receptors and triggering distinct signaling pathways. Understanding the role of galectins in tumor neovascularization will contribute to the design of novel anti-angiogenic therapies aimed at complementing current anti-cancer modalities and overcoming resistance to these treatments. Here we describe selected strategies and methods used to study the role of hypoxia-regulated galectins in the regulation of blood vessel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bannoud
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - P Alfredo García
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Julian Gambarte-Tudela
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Victoria Sundblad
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro J Cagnoni
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Camila A Bach
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan M Pérez Saez
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ada G Blidner
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastián M Maller
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina V Mariño
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Salatino
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan P Cerliani
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego O Croci
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina.
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina.
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23
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Abstract
The development of vasculature in vivo is an extremely complex process that requires temporal and spatial coordination between multiple cell types to produce an effective vessel. The formation of vasculature from preexisting blood vessels, known as angiogenesis, plays important roles in several physiological and pathological processes, including wound healing, organ development and growth, ischemia, inflammatory disorders, fibrosis, and cancer. Means to deconstruct these complicated biological systems are necessary to gain mechanistic insight into their development, function, and modulation that can be tested in in vivo models and ultimately the clinic. In this chapter, we will first review the classical in vitro techniques to study angiogenesis. Next, we will explore the exciting recent advances that rely on 3D multicellular systems to more accurately mimic vasculature development in vitro. Finally, we will discuss the applications of in vitro angiogenic methods to study related vasculature phenomena, such as vasculogenic mimicry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Francescone
- Cancer Signaling and Epigenetics Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Marvin and Concetta Greenberg, Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Débora Barbosa Vendramini-Costa
- Cancer Signaling and Epigenetics Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Marvin and Concetta Greenberg, Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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24
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Abstract
Immunotherapy holds great promise for treating cancer. Nonetheless, T cell-based immunotherapy of solid tumors has remained challenging, largely due to the lack of universal tumor-specific antigens and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) that inhibits lymphocyte infiltration and activation. Aberrant vascularity characterizes malignant solid tumors, which fuels the formation of an immune-hostile microenvironment and induces tumor resistance to immunotherapy, emerging as a crucial target for adjuvant treatment in cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the molecular and cellular basis of vascular microenvironment-mediated tumor evasion of immune responses and resistance to immunotherapy, with a focus on vessel abnormality, dysfunctional adhesion, immunosuppressive niche, and microenvironmental stress in tumor vasculature. We provide an overview of opportunities and challenges related to these mechanisms. We also propose genetic programming of tumor endothelial cells as an alternative approach to recondition the vascular microenvironment and to overcome tumor resistance to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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25
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Du Y, Xu J. Engineered Bifunctional Proteins for Targeted Cancer Therapy: Prospects and Challenges. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2103114. [PMID: 34585802 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bifunctional proteins (BFPs) are a class of therapeutic agents produced through genetic engineering and protein engineering, and are increasingly used to treat various human diseases, including cancer. These proteins usually have two or more biological functions-specifically recognizing different molecular targets to regulate the related signaling pathways, or mediating effector molecules/cells to kill tumor cells. Unlike conventional small-molecule or single-target drugs, BFPs possess stronger biological activity but lower systemic toxicity. Hence, BFPs are considered to offer many benefits for the treatment of heterogeneous tumors. In this review, the authors briefly describe the unique structural feature of BFP molecules and innovatively divide them into bispecific antibodies, cytokine-based BFPs (immunocytokines), and protein toxin-based BFPs (immunotoxins) according to their mode of action. In addition, the latest advances in the development of BFPs are discussed and the potential limitations or problems in clinical applications are outlined. Taken together, future studies need to be centered on understanding the characteristics of BFPs for optimizing and designing more effective such drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Du
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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26
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Ye X, Gaucher JF, Vidal M, Broussy S. A Structural Overview of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors Pharmacological Ligands: From Macromolecules to Designed Peptidomimetics. Molecules 2021; 26:6759. [PMID: 34833851 PMCID: PMC8625919 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family of cytokines plays a key role in vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis. VEGF-A is the main member of this family, alongside placental growth factor (PlGF), VEGF-B/C/D in mammals, and VEGF-E/F in other organisms. To study the activities of these growth factors under physiological and pathological conditions, resulting in therapeutic applications in cancer and age-related macular degeneration, blocking ligands have been developed. These have mostly been large biomolecules like antibodies. Ligands with high affinities, at least in the nanomolar range, and accurate structural data from X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy have been described. They constitute the main focus of this overview, which evidences similarities and differences in their binding modes. For VEGF-A ligands, and to a limited extent also for PlGF, a transition is now observed towards developing smaller ligands like nanobodies and peptides. These include unnatural amino acids and chemical modifications for designed and improved properties, such as serum stability and greater affinity. However, this review also highlights the scarcity of such small molecular entities and the striking lack of small organic molecule ligands. It also shows the gap between the rather large array of ligands targeting VEGF-A and the general absence of ligands binding other VEGF members, besides some antibodies. Future developments in these directions are expected in the upcoming years, and the study of these growth factors and their promising therapeutic applications will be welcomed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Ye
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, CiTCoM, 8038 CNRS, U 1268 INSERM, 75006 Paris, France; (X.Y.); (M.V.)
| | - Jean-François Gaucher
- Laboratoire de Cristallographie et RMN Biologiques, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, CiTCoM, 8038 CNRS, 75006 Paris, France;
| | - Michel Vidal
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, CiTCoM, 8038 CNRS, U 1268 INSERM, 75006 Paris, France; (X.Y.); (M.V.)
- Service Biologie du Médicament, Toxicologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Broussy
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, CiTCoM, 8038 CNRS, U 1268 INSERM, 75006 Paris, France; (X.Y.); (M.V.)
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27
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Hariharan H, Kesavan Y, Raja NS. Impact of native and external factors on exosome release: understanding reactive exosome secretion and its biogenesis. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:7559-7573. [PMID: 34626311 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06733-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are minuscule vesicles secreted in the endolytic region of most mammalian cells. The release of exosomes from the cell engenders cell-to-cell signaling between cellular-compartments. The trading of exosomes between tumor and yonder cells plays a hypercritical role in tumor growth and progression. The exosome released from each tumor cell sequestrates a unique biogenetic pathway reflecting its cellular origin depending on the tumor type. However, treatment of tumor cells with certain physiological factors like drugs, chemotherapy, radiation, etc., enhance the release of exosomes and alters its biogenetic pathway compared with untreated tumor cells. In this review, we will discuss how the non-native physiological factors influence the release of exosomes and how these reactive exosomes orchestrate a unique patterning of a cargo sorting mechanism. We will also discuss the role of reactively secreted exosomes in mediating tumor metastasis, angiogenesis, and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harini Hariharan
- MPI Lab, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu, India
| | - Yasodha Kesavan
- MPI Lab, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu, India
| | - Natesan Sella Raja
- MPI Lab, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu, India.
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28
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Bastani S, Akbarzadeh M, Rastgar Rezaei Y, Farzane A, Nouri M, Mollapour Sisakht M, Fattahi A, Akbarzadeh M, Reiter RJ. Melatonin as a Therapeutic Agent for the Inhibition of Hypoxia-Induced Tumor Progression: A Description of Possible Mechanisms Involved. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10874. [PMID: 34639215 PMCID: PMC8509383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia has an important role in tumor progression via the up-regulation of growth factors and cellular adaptation genes. These changes promote cell survival, proliferation, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and energy metabolism in favor of cancer development. Hypoxia also plays a central role in determining the resistance of tumors to chemotherapy. Hypoxia of the tumor microenvironment provides an opportunity to develop new therapeutic strategies that may selectively induce apoptosis of the hypoxic cancer cells. Melatonin is well known for its role in the regulation of circadian rhythms and seasonal reproduction. Numerous studies have also documented the anti-cancer properties of melatonin, including anti-proliferation, anti-angiogenesis, and apoptosis promotion. In this paper, we hypothesized that melatonin exerts anti-cancer effects by inhibiting hypoxia-induced pathways. Considering this action, co-administration of melatonin in combination with other therapeutic medications might increase the effectiveness of anti-cancer drugs. In this review, we discussed the possible signaling pathways by which melatonin inhibits hypoxia-induced cancer cell survival, invasion, migration, and metabolism, as well as tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Bastani
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology (RCPN), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51368, Iran;
- Stem Cell And Regenerative Medicine Institute (SCARM), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51368, Iran;
| | - Moloud Akbarzadeh
- Stem Cell And Regenerative Medicine Institute (SCARM), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51368, Iran;
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz 51368, Iran
| | - Yeganeh Rastgar Rezaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51368, Iran;
| | - Ali Farzane
- Department of Health Information Management, School of Allied Medical Science, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 11369, Iran;
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51368, Iran;
| | - Mahsa Mollapour Sisakht
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 11369, Iran;
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amir Fattahi
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51368, Iran;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen–Nürnberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maryam Akbarzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
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29
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Bhat SM, Badiger VA, Vasishta S, Chakraborty J, Prasad S, Ghosh S, Joshi MB. 3D tumor angiogenesis models: recent advances and challenges. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:3477-3494. [PMID: 34613483 PMCID: PMC8557138 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03814-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The development of blood vessels, referred to as angiogenesis, is an intricate process regulated spatially and temporally through a delicate balance between the qualitative and quantitative expression of pro and anti-angiogenic molecules. As angiogenesis is a prerequisite for solid tumors to grow and metastasize, a variety of tumor angiogenesis models have been formulated to better understand the underlying mechanisms and associated clinical applications. Studies have demonstrated independent mechanisms inducing angiogenesis in tumors such as (a) HIF-1/VEGF mediated paracrine interactions between a cancer cell and endothelial cells, (b) recruitment of progenitor endothelial cells, and (c) vasculogenic mimicry. Moreover, single-cell sequencing technologies have indicated endothelial cell heterogeneity among organ systems including tumor tissues. However, existing angiogenesis models often rely upon normal endothelial cells which significantly differ from tumor endothelial cells exhibiting distinct (epi)genetic and metabolic signatures. Besides, the existence of intra-individual variations necessitates the development of improved tumor vascular model systems for personalized medicine. In the present review, we summarize recent advancements of 3D tumor vascular model systems which include (a) tissue engineering-based tumor models; (b) vascular organoid models, and (c) organ-on-chips and their importance in replicating the tumor angiogenesis along with the associated challenges to design improved models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharath M Bhat
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Vaishnavi A Badiger
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Sampara Vasishta
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Juhi Chakraborty
- Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Seetharam Prasad
- Department of Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Sourabh Ghosh
- Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Manjunath B Joshi
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India.
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30
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Czubak-Prowizor K, Babinska A, Swiatkowska M. The F11 Receptor (F11R)/Junctional Adhesion Molecule-A (JAM-A) (F11R/JAM-A) in cancer progression. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 477:79-98. [PMID: 34533648 PMCID: PMC8755661 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04259-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The F11 Receptor (F11R), also called Junctional Adhesion Molecule-A (JAM-A) (F11R/JAM-A), is a transmembrane glycoprotein of the immunoglobulin superfamily, which is mainly located in epithelial and endothelial cell tight junctions and also expressed on circulating platelets and leukocytes. It participates in the regulation of various biological processes, as diverse as paracellular permeability, tight junction formation and maintenance, leukocyte transendothelial migration, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, reovirus binding, and platelet activation. Dysregulation of F11R/JAM-A may result in pathological consequences and disorders in normal cell function. A growing body of evidence points to its role in carcinogenesis and invasiveness, but its tissue-specific pro- or anti-tumorigenic role remains a debated issue. The following review focuses on the F11R/JAM-A tissue-dependent manner in tumorigenesis and metastasis and also discusses the correlation between poor patient clinical outcomes and its aberrant expression. In the future, it will be required to clarify the signaling pathways that are activated or suppressed via the F11R/JAM-A protein in various cancer types to understand its multiple roles in cancer progression and further use it as a novel direct target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Czubak-Prowizor
- Department of Cytobiology and Proteomics, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka St., 92-215, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Anna Babinska
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Ave, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Maria Swiatkowska
- Department of Cytobiology and Proteomics, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka St., 92-215, Lodz, Poland
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31
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Magnussen AL, Mills IG. Vascular normalisation as the stepping stone into tumour microenvironment transformation. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:324-336. [PMID: 33828258 PMCID: PMC8329166 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01330-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A functional vascular system is indispensable for drug delivery and fundamental for responsiveness of the tumour microenvironment to such medication. At the same time, the progression of a tumour is defined by the interactions of the cancer cells with their surrounding environment, including neovessels, and the vascular network continues to be the major route for the dissemination of tumour cells in cancer, facilitating metastasis. So how can this apparent conflict be reconciled? Vessel normalisation-in which redundant structures are pruned and the abnormal vasculature is stabilised and remodelled-is generally considered to be beneficial in the course of anti-cancer treatments. A causality between normalised vasculature and improved response to medication and treatment is observed. For this reason, it is important to discern the consequence of vessel normalisation on the tumour microenvironment and to modulate the vasculature advantageously. This article will highlight the challenges of controlled neovascular remodelling and outline how vascular normalisation can shape disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette L Magnussen
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Ian G Mills
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK.
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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32
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Upcin B, Henke E, Kleefeldt F, Hoffmann H, Rosenwald A, Irmak-Sav S, Aktas HB, Rückschloß U, Ergün S. Contribution of Adventitia-Derived Stem and Progenitor Cells to New Vessel Formation in Tumors. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071719. [PMID: 34359889 PMCID: PMC8304670 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Blocking tumor vascularization has not yet come to fruition to the extent it was hoped for, as angiogenesis inhibitors have shown only partial success in the clinic. We hypothesized that under-appreciated vascular wall-resident stem and progenitor cells (VW-SPCs) might be involved in tumor vascularization and influence effectiveness of anti-angiogenic therapy. Indeed, in patient samples, we observed that vascular adventitia-resident CD34+ VW-SPCs are recruited to tumors in situ from co-opted vessels. To elucidate this in detail, we established an ex vivo model using concomitant embedding of multi-cellular tumor spheroids (MCTS) and mouse aortic rings (ARs) into collagen gels, similar to the so-called aortic ring assay (ARA). Moreover, ARA was modified by removing the ARs’ adventitia that harbors VW-SPCs. Thus, this model enabled distinguishing the contribution of VW-SPCs from that of mature endothelial cells (ECs) to new vessel formation. Our results show that the formation of capillary-like sprouts is considerably delayed, and their number and network formation were significantly reduced by removing the adventitia. Substituting iPSC-derived neural spheroids for MCTS resulted in distinct sprouting patterns that were also strongly influenced by the presence or absence of VW-SPCs, also underlying the involvement of these cells in non-pathological vascularization. Our data suggest that more comprehensive approaches are needed in order to block all of the mechanisms contributing to tumor vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berin Upcin
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (B.U.); (E.H.); (F.K.); (H.H.); (U.R.)
| | - Erik Henke
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (B.U.); (E.H.); (F.K.); (H.H.); (U.R.)
| | - Florian Kleefeldt
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (B.U.); (E.H.); (F.K.); (H.H.); (U.R.)
| | - Helene Hoffmann
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (B.U.); (E.H.); (F.K.); (H.H.); (U.R.)
| | - Andreas Rosenwald
- Institute of Pathology, Julius-Maximilians-University, 97070 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Ster Irmak-Sav
- Faculty of Health Sciences, İstanbul Bilgi University, 34060 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Huseyin Bertal Aktas
- Department of Medicine, Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Uwe Rückschloß
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (B.U.); (E.H.); (F.K.); (H.H.); (U.R.)
| | - Süleyman Ergün
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (B.U.); (E.H.); (F.K.); (H.H.); (U.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-931-31-82701
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Teuwen LA, De Rooij LPMH, Cuypers A, Rohlenova K, Dumas SJ, García-Caballero M, Meta E, Amersfoort J, Taverna F, Becker LM, Veiga N, Cantelmo AR, Geldhof V, Conchinha NV, Kalucka J, Treps L, Conradi LC, Khan S, Karakach TK, Soenen S, Vinckier S, Schoonjans L, Eelen G, Van Laere S, Dewerchin M, Dirix L, Mazzone M, Luo Y, Vermeulen P, Carmeliet P. Tumor vessel co-option probed by single-cell analysis. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109253. [PMID: 34133923 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor vessel co-option is poorly understood, yet it is a resistance mechanism against anti-angiogenic therapy (AAT). The heterogeneity of co-opted endothelial cells (ECs) and pericytes, co-opting cancer and myeloid cells in tumors growing via vessel co-option, has not been investigated at the single-cell level. Here, we use a murine AAT-resistant lung tumor model, in which VEGF-targeting induces vessel co-option for continued growth. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of 31,964 cells reveals, unexpectedly, a largely similar transcriptome of co-opted tumor ECs (TECs) and pericytes as their healthy counterparts. Notably, we identify cell types that might contribute to vessel co-option, i.e., an invasive cancer-cell subtype, possibly assisted by a matrix-remodeling macrophage population, and another M1-like macrophage subtype, possibly involved in keeping or rendering vascular cells quiescent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure-Anne Teuwen
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Translational Cancer Research Unit, GZA Hospitals Sint-Augustinus, Antwerp 2610, Belgium; Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2000, Belgium
| | - Laura P M H De Rooij
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Anne Cuypers
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Katerina Rohlenova
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Sébastien J Dumas
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Melissa García-Caballero
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Elda Meta
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Jacob Amersfoort
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Federico Taverna
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Lisa M Becker
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Nuphar Veiga
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Anna Rita Cantelmo
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Vincent Geldhof
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Nadine V Conchinha
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Joanna Kalucka
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Lucas Treps
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Lena-Christin Conradi
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Shawez Khan
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Tobias K Karakach
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Stefaan Soenen
- NanoHealth and Optical Imaging Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Stefan Vinckier
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Luc Schoonjans
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Guy Eelen
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Steven Van Laere
- Translational Cancer Research Unit, GZA Hospitals Sint-Augustinus, Antwerp 2610, Belgium; Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2000, Belgium
| | - Mieke Dewerchin
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Luc Dirix
- Translational Cancer Research Unit, GZA Hospitals Sint-Augustinus, Antwerp 2610, Belgium; Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2000, Belgium
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, CCB, VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Yonglun Luo
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark; Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, Qingdao 266555, P.R. China; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, P.R. China.
| | - Peter Vermeulen
- Translational Cancer Research Unit, GZA Hospitals Sint-Augustinus, Antwerp 2610, Belgium; Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2000, Belgium
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Heterogeneity, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.
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34
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Ren AA, Snellings DA, Su YS, Hong CC, Castro M, Tang AT, Detter MR, Hobson N, Girard R, Romanos S, Lightle R, Moore T, Shenkar R, Benavides C, Beaman MM, Müller-Fielitz H, Chen M, Mericko P, Yang J, Sung DC, Lawton MT, Ruppert JM, Schwaninger M, Körbelin J, Potente M, Awad IA, Marchuk DA, Kahn ML. PIK3CA and CCM mutations fuel cavernomas through a cancer-like mechanism. Nature 2021; 594:271-276. [PMID: 33910229 PMCID: PMC8626098 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03562-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Vascular malformations are thought to be monogenic disorders that result in dysregulated growth of blood vessels. In the brain, cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) arise owing to inactivation of the endothelial CCM protein complex, which is required to dampen the activity of the kinase MEKK31-4. Environmental factors can explain differences in the natural history of CCMs between individuals5, but why single CCMs often exhibit sudden, rapid growth, culminating in strokes or seizures, is unknown. Here we show that growth of CCMs requires increased signalling through the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-mTOR pathway as well as loss of function of the CCM complex. We identify somatic gain-of-function mutations in PIK3CA and loss-of-function mutations in the CCM complex in the same cells in a majority of human CCMs. Using mouse models, we show that growth of CCMs requires both PI3K gain of function and CCM loss of function in endothelial cells, and that both CCM loss of function and increased expression of the transcription factor KLF4 (a downstream effector of MEKK3) augment mTOR signalling in endothelial cells. Consistent with these findings, the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin effectively blocks the formation of CCMs in mouse models. We establish a three-hit mechanism analogous to cancer, in which aggressive vascular malformations arise through the loss of vascular 'suppressor genes' that constrain vessel growth and gain of a vascular 'oncogene' that stimulates excess vessel growth. These findings suggest that aggressive CCMs could be treated using clinically approved mTORC1 inhibitors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics
- Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Gain of Function Mutation
- Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System/blood supply
- Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System/genetics
- Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System/metabolism
- Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System/pathology
- Humans
- Kruppel-Like Factor 4
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Loss of Function Mutation
- MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 3/metabolism
- Male
- Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1/metabolism
- Mice
- Mutation
- Neoplasms/blood supply
- Neoplasms/genetics
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Sirolimus/pharmacology
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen A Ren
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel A Snellings
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yourong S Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Courtney C Hong
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marco Castro
- Angiogenesis and Metabolism Laboratory, Max Planck institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Alan T Tang
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew R Detter
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nicholas Hobson
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Romuald Girard
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sharbel Romanos
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rhonda Lightle
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thomas Moore
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert Shenkar
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christian Benavides
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - M Makenzie Beaman
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Helge Müller-Fielitz
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mei Chen
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patricia Mericko
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jisheng Yang
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Derek C Sung
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael T Lawton
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jakob Körbelin
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Potente
- Angiogenesis and Metabolism Laboratory, Max Planck institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Issam A Awad
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Douglas A Marchuk
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Mark L Kahn
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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35
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Yang D, Guo P, He T, Powell CA. Role of endothelial cells in tumor microenvironment. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e450. [PMID: 34185401 PMCID: PMC8214858 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineZhongshan Hospital Institute for Clinical Science, Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghai Engineering Research Center of AI Technology for Cardiopulmonary DiseasesShanghai Engineer & Technology Research Center of Internet of Things for Respiratory MedicineZhongshan Hospital Fudan UniversityShanghai200032China
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep MedicineIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Tianrui He
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineZhongshan Hospital Institute for Clinical Science, Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghai Engineering Research Center of AI Technology for Cardiopulmonary DiseasesShanghai Engineer & Technology Research Center of Internet of Things for Respiratory MedicineZhongshan Hospital Fudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Charles A. Powell
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep MedicineIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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36
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Nardini JT, Stolz BJ, Flores KB, Harrington HA, Byrne HM. Topological data analysis distinguishes parameter regimes in the Anderson-Chaplain model of angiogenesis. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009094. [PMID: 34181657 PMCID: PMC8270459 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the process by which blood vessels form from pre-existing vessels. It plays a key role in many biological processes, including embryonic development and wound healing, and contributes to many diseases including cancer and rheumatoid arthritis. The structure of the resulting vessel networks determines their ability to deliver nutrients and remove waste products from biological tissues. Here we simulate the Anderson-Chaplain model of angiogenesis at different parameter values and quantify the vessel architectures of the resulting synthetic data. Specifically, we propose a topological data analysis (TDA) pipeline for systematic analysis of the model. TDA is a vibrant and relatively new field of computational mathematics for studying the shape of data. We compute topological and standard descriptors of model simulations generated by different parameter values. We show that TDA of model simulation data stratifies parameter space into regions with similar vessel morphology. The methodologies proposed here are widely applicable to other synthetic and experimental data including wound healing, development, and plant biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T. Nardini
- Department of Mathematics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | | | - Kevin B. Flores
- Department of Mathematics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Heather A. Harrington
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Helen M. Byrne
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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37
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Jafari Nivlouei S, Soltani M, Carvalho J, Travasso R, Salimpour MR, Shirani E. Multiscale modeling of tumor growth and angiogenesis: Evaluation of tumor-targeted therapy. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009081. [PMID: 34161319 PMCID: PMC8259971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of tumor growth and associated events cover multiple time and spatial scales, generally including extracellular, cellular and intracellular modifications. The main goal of this study is to model the biological and physical behavior of tumor evolution in presence of normal healthy tissue, considering a variety of events involved in the process. These include hyper and hypoactivation of signaling pathways during tumor growth, vessels' growth, intratumoral vascularization and competition of cancer cells with healthy host tissue. The work addresses two distinctive phases in tumor development-the avascular and vascular phases-and in each stage two cases are considered-with and without normal healthy cells. The tumor growth rate increases considerably as closed vessel loops (anastomoses) form around the tumor cells resulting from tumor induced vascularization. When taking into account the host tissue around the tumor, the results show that competition between normal cells and cancer cells leads to the formation of a hypoxic tumor core within a relatively short period of time. Moreover, a dense intratumoral vascular network is formed throughout the entire lesion as a sign of a high malignancy grade, which is consistent with reported experimental data for several types of solid carcinomas. In comparison with other mathematical models of tumor development, in this work we introduce a multiscale simulation that models the cellular interactions and cell behavior as a consequence of the activation of oncogenes and deactivation of gene signaling pathways within each cell. Simulating a therapy that blocks relevant signaling pathways results in the prevention of further tumor growth and leads to an expressive decrease in its size (82% in the simulation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Jafari Nivlouei
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isafahan, Iran
- CFisUC, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M. Soltani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CBB), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Advanced Bioengineering Initiative Center, Computational Medicine Center, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - João Carvalho
- CFisUC, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui Travasso
- CFisUC, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Ebrahim Shirani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isafahan, Iran
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Foolad Institute of Technology, Fooladshahr, Iran
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38
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Staszak K, Wieszczycka K, Bajek A, Staszak M, Tylkowski B, Roszkowski K. Achievement in active agent structures as a power tools in tumor angiogenesis imaging. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188560. [PMID: 33965512 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
According to World Health Organization (WHO) cancer is the second most important cause of death globally. Because angiogenesis is considered as an essential process of growth, proliferation and tumor progression, within this review we decided to shade light on recent development of chemical compounds which play a significant role in its imaging and monitoring. Indeed, the review gives insight about the current achievements of active agents structures involved in imaging techniques such as: positron emission computed tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), as well as combination PET/MRI and PET/CT. The review aims to provide the journal audience with a comprehensive and in-deep understanding of chemistry policy in tumor angiogenesis imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Staszak
- Institute of Technology and Chemical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Karolina Wieszczycka
- Institute of Technology and Chemical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Bajek
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Collegium Medicum Nicolaus Copernicus University, Karlowicza St. 24, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Maciej Staszak
- Institute of Technology and Chemical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Bartosz Tylkowski
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, C/Marcellí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Krzysztof Roszkowski
- Department of Oncology, Collegium Medicum Nicolaus Copernicus University, Romanowskiej St. 2, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
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39
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Abstract
Cancer is a multistep progressive disease that generally involves tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. It is crucial to understand tumor progression for tumor diagnosis and therapy. However, tumor progression at an extremely early stage (EES) is barely demonstrated because EES tumors are too small to be detected by imaging. Herein, we, for the first time, replicated tumor progression at the EES on a microfluidic chip and uncovered the tumor behaviors affected by the tumor microenvironment. To mimic the progression of a single solid tumor at the EES, a HeLa cell spheroid was seeded and cultured on the chip, and a microvascular network was developed to integrate the microphysiological contexts around the tumor. We revealed not only the growth patterns and cell behaviors of tumor spheroids of different sizes under angiogenesis and fibroblast conditions but also the effect of tumor progression on peritumoral angiogenesis. We found that smaller tumors were more aggressive and that endotheliocytes and fibroblasts significantly accelerated both the proliferation and migration of tumor cells. In addition, we also first present the dynamic epithelial-mesenchymal transition process of tumor cells and the formation of vasculogenic mimicry at the EES. This work can provide insights for understanding tumor progression at the EES and offer new ideas for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengpan Li
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Shibo Li
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Kun Du
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Ping Li
- Chinese Integrative Medicine Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Bensheng Qiu
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Weiping Ding
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
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40
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Zhang W, Zhang X, Huang S, Chen J, Ding P, Wang Q, Li L, Lv X, Li L, Zhang P, Zhou D, Wen W, Wang Y, Lei Q, Wu J, Hu W. FOXM1D potentiates PKM2-mediated tumor glycolysis and angiogenesis. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:1466-1485. [PMID: 33314660 PMCID: PMC8096781 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor growth, especially in the late stage, requires adequate nutrients and rich vasculature, in which PKM2 plays a convergent role. It has been reported that PKM2, together with FOXM1D, is upregulated in late-stage colorectal cancer and associated with metastasis; however, their underlying mechanism for promoting tumor progression remains elusive. Herein, we revealed that FOXM1D potentiates PKM2-mediated glycolysis and angiogenesis through multiple protein-protein interactions. In the presence of FBP, FOXM1D binds to tetrameric PKM2 and assembles a heterooctamer, restraining PKM2 metabolic activity by about a half and thereby promoting aerobic glycolysis. Furthermore, FOXM1D interacts with PKM2 and NF-κB and induces their nuclear translocation with the assistance of the nuclear transporter importin 4. Once in the nucleus, PKM2 and NF-κB complexes subsequently augment VEGFA transcription. The increased VEGFA is secreted extracellularly via exosomes, an event potentiated by the interaction of FOXM1 with VPS11, eventually promoting tumor angiogenesis. Based on these findings, our study provides another insight into the role of PKM2 in the regulation of glycolysis and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xin Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Sheng Huang
- Department of Breast SurgeryBreast Cancer InstituteFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Peipei Ding
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Qi Wang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Luying Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xinyue Lv
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ling Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Pingzhao Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Danlei Zhou
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wenyu Wen
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yiping Wang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Qun‐Ying Lei
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jiong Wu
- Department of Breast SurgeryBreast Cancer InstituteFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in ShanghaiFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Weiguo Hu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in ShanghaiFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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Jani VP, Asaro R, Oronsky B, Cabrales P. RRx-001 Increases Erythrocyte Preferential Adhesion to the Tumor Vasculature. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094713. [PMID: 33946824 PMCID: PMC8124275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) serve a variety of functions beyond mere oxygen transport both in health and pathology. Notably, RRx-001, a minimally toxic pleiotropic anticancer agent with macrophage activating and vascular normalization properties currently in Phase III trials, induces modification to RBCs which could promote vascular adhesion similar to sickle cells. This study assessed whether RBCs exposed to RRx-001 adhere to the tumor microvasculature and whether this adhesion alters tumor viability. We next investigated the biomechanics of RBC adhesion in the context of local inflammatory cytokines after treatment with RRx-001 as a potential mechanism for preferential tumor aggregation. Human HEP-G2 and HT-29 tumor cells were subcutaneously implanted into nu/nu mice and were infused with RRx-001-treated and Technetium-99m (99mTc)-labeled blood. RBC adhesion was quantified in an in vitro human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) assay under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions with administration of either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Tumor necrosis alpha (TNFα) to mimic the known inflammation in the tumor microenvironment. One hour following administration of 99mTc labeled RBCs treated with 10 mg/kg RRx-001, we observed an approximate 2.0-fold and 1.5-fold increase in 99mTc-labeled RBCs compared to vehicle control in HEPG2 and HT-29 tumor models, respectively. Furthermore, we observed an approximate 40% and 36% decrease in HEP-G2 and HT-29 tumor weight, respectively, following treatment with RRx-001. To quantify RBC adhesive potential, we determined τ50, or the shear stress required for 50% disassociation of RBCs from HUVECs. After administration of TNF-α under normoxia, τ50 was determined to be 4.5 dynes/cm2 (95% CI: 4.3-4.7 dynes/cm2) for RBCs treated with 10 μM RRx-001, which was significantly different (p < 0.05) from τ50 in the absence of treatment. Under hypoxic conditions, the difference of τ50 with (4.8 dynes/cm2; 95% CI: 4.6-5.1 dynes/cm2) and without (2.6 dynes/cm2; 95% CI: 2.4-2.8 dynes/cm2) 10 μM RRx-001 treatment was exacerbated (p = 0.05). In conclusion, we demonstrated that RBCs treated with RRx-001 preferentially aggregate in HEP-G2 and HT-29 tumors, likely due to interactions between RRx-001 and cysteine residues within RBCs. Furthermore, RRx-001 treated RBCs demonstrated increased adhesive potential to endothelial cells upon introduction of TNF-α and hypoxia suggesting that RRx-001 may induce preferential adhesion in the tumor but not in other tissues with endothelial dysfunction due to conditions prevalent in older cancer patients such as heart disease or diabetic vasculopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay P. Jani
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Robert Asaro
- Department of Structural Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Bryan Oronsky
- EpicentRx Inc., 4445 Eastgate Mall, Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92121, USA;
| | - Pedro Cabrales
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-858-534-5847
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Kaur S, Bronson SM, Pal-Nath D, Miller TW, Soto-Pantoja DR, Roberts DD. Functions of Thrombospondin-1 in the Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4570. [PMID: 33925464 PMCID: PMC8123789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of thrombospondin-1 as an angiogenesis inhibitor in 1990 prompted interest in its role in cancer biology and potential as a therapeutic target. Decreased thrombospondin-1 mRNA and protein expression are associated with progression in several cancers, while expression by nonmalignant cells in the tumor microenvironment and circulating levels in cancer patients can be elevated. THBS1 is not a tumor suppressor gene, but the regulation of its expression in malignant cells by oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes mediates some of their effects on carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis. In addition to regulating angiogenesis and perfusion of the tumor vasculature, thrombospondin-1 limits antitumor immunity by CD47-dependent regulation of innate and adaptive immune cells. Conversely, thrombospondin-1 is a component of particles released by immune cells that mediate tumor cell killing. Thrombospondin-1 differentially regulates the sensitivity of malignant and nonmalignant cells to genotoxic stress caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The diverse activities of thrombospondin-1 to regulate autophagy, senescence, stem cell maintenance, extracellular vesicle function, and metabolic responses to ischemic and genotoxic stress are mediated by several cell surface receptors and by regulating the functions of several secreted proteins. This review highlights progress in understanding thrombospondin-1 functions in cancer and the challenges that remain in harnessing its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhbir Kaur
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.K.); (D.P.-N.)
| | - Steven M. Bronson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA;
| | - Dipasmita Pal-Nath
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.K.); (D.P.-N.)
| | - Thomas W. Miller
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13273 Marseille, France
| | - David R. Soto-Pantoja
- Department of Surgery and Department of Cancer Biology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - David D. Roberts
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.K.); (D.P.-N.)
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis is a key and early step in tumorigenesis, and is known as a hallmark of solid tumors and a key promoter of tumor recurrence. Unlike normal tissue vessels, the architecture of the tumor vasculature is abnormal, being leaky, tortuous, fragile and blind-ended. Perivascular cells are either detached or absent, causing reduction of vascular integrity, an increase in vessel immaturity, incoherent perfusion, defective functionality and enhanced tumor dissemination and metastasis. The abnormal tumor vasculature along with the defective tumor vessel functionality finally causes bouts of hypoxia and acidity in the tumor microenvironment (TME), further reinvigorating tumor aggression. Interstitial hypertension or high interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) is an outcome of tumor hyper-permeability. High IFP can be a barrier for either effective delivery of anti-cancer drugs toward the TME or accumulation of drugs within the tumor area, thus promoting tumor resistance to therapy. Some tumors do, however, not undergo angiogenesis but instead undergo vessel co-option or vascular mimicry, thereby adding another layer of complexity to cancer development and therapy. CONCLUSIONS Combination of anti-angiogenesis therapy with chemotherapy and particularly with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is a promising strategy for a number of advanced cancers. Among the various approaches for targeting tumor angiogenesis, vascular normalization is considered as the most desired method, which allows effective penetration of chemotherapeutics into the tumor area, thus being an appropriate adjuvant to other cancer modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Majidpoor
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Keywan Mortezaee
- Cancer and Immunology Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
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Marulanda K, Brokaw D, Gambarian M, Pareta R, McQuilling JP, Opara EC, McLean SE. Controlled Delivery of Slit3 Proteins from Alginate Microbeads Inhibits In Vitro Angiogenesis. J Surg Res 2021; 264:90-98. [PMID: 33794389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Slit-Robo pathway is a key regulator of angiogenesis and cellular function in experimental models. Slit3 proteins exhibit both proangiogenic and antiangiogenic properties, but the exact mechanism remains unclear. It is theorized that Slit3 may be a potential treatment for vascular diseases and cancer. METHODS Slit3 labeled with I-125 was encapsulated in microbeads composed of low-viscosity alginate of high-glucuronic acid content, first coated with poly-L-ornithine for various durations and finally with low-viscosity high mannuronic acid. Gamma counter was used to measure microbead encapsulation efficiency and Slit3 release. Markers of angiogenesis were assessed with Boyden chamber, scratch wound, and Matrigel tube formation assays using human umbilical vein and mouse endothelial cells. RESULTS On incubation of Slit3-loaded microbeads, there was an initial burst phase release of Slit3 for the first 24 h followed by sustained release for 6 to 12 d. Microbead composition determined encapsulation efficiency and rate of release; Slit3 encapsulation was most efficient in microbeads with lower low-viscosity alginate of high-glucuronic acid content concentrations (1.5%) and no poly-L-ornithine coating. Compared with controls (media alone), Slit3 microbeads significantly inhibited in vitro cellular migration, endothelial cell migration for wound closure at 24 and 48 h and endothelial tube formation (P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Slit3 can be effectively encapsulated and delivered via a controlled release pattern using alginate microbeads. Microbead encapsulation reduces in vitro endothelial tube formation and inhibits cellular migration to impair angiogenesis. Thus, Slit3 microparticles may be explored as a therapeutic option to mitigate tumor proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Marulanda
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Dylan Brokaw
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Maria Gambarian
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Rajesh Pareta
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - John P McQuilling
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - Emmanuel C Opara
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - Sean E McLean
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
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Silverman DA, Martinez VK, Dougherty PM, Myers JN, Calin GA, Amit M. Cancer-Associated Neurogenesis and Nerve-Cancer Cross-talk. Cancer Res 2021; 81:1431-1440. [PMID: 33334813 PMCID: PMC7969424 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we highlight recent discoveries regarding mechanisms contributing to nerve-cancer cross-talk and the effects of nerve-cancer cross-talk on tumor progression and dissemination. High intratumoral nerve density correlates with poor prognosis and high recurrence across multiple solid tumor types. Recent research has shown that cancer cells express neurotrophic markers such as nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor and release axon-guidance molecules such as ephrin B1 to promote axonogenesis. Tumor cells recruit new neural progenitors to the tumor milieu and facilitate their maturation into adrenergic infiltrating nerves. Tumors also rewire established nerves to adrenergic phenotypes via exosome-induced neural reprogramming by p53-deficient tumors. In turn, infiltrating sympathetic nerves facilitate cancer progression. Intratumoral adrenergic nerves release noradrenaline to stimulate angiogenesis via VEGF signaling and enhance the rate of tumor growth. Intratumoral parasympathetic nerves may have a dichotomous role in cancer progression and may induce Wnt-β-catenin signals that expand cancer stem cells. Importantly, infiltrating nerves not only influence the tumor cells themselves but also impact other cells of the tumor stroma. This leads to enhanced sympathetic signaling and glucocorticoid production, which influences neutrophil and macrophage differentiation, lymphocyte phenotype, and potentially lymphocyte function. Although much remains unexplored within this field, fundamental discoveries underscore the importance of nerve-cancer cross-talk to tumor progression and may provide the foundation for developing effective targets for the inhibition of tumor-induced neurogenesis and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Silverman
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Vena K Martinez
- Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Patrick M Dougherty
- Department of Pain Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeffrey N Myers
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Moran Amit
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Abstract
Angiogenesis is a crucial event in the physiological processes of embryogenesis and wound healing. During malignant transformation, dysregulation of angiogenesis leads to the formation of a vascular network of tumor-associated capillaries promoting survival and proliferation of the tumor cells. Starting with the hypothesis formulated by Judah Folkman that tumor growth is angiogenesis-dependent, this area of research has a solid scientific foundation and inhibition of angiogenesis is a major area of therapeutic development for the treatment of cancer. Over this period numerous authors published data of vascularization of tumors, which attributed the cause of neo-vascularization to various factors including inflammation, release of angiogenic cytokines, vasodilatation, and increased tumor metabolism. More recently, it has been demonstrated that tumor vasculature is not necessarily derived by endothelial cell proliferation and sprouting of new capillaries, but alternative vascularization mechanisms have been described, namely vascular co-option and vasculogenic mimicry. In this article, we have analyzed the mechanisms involved in tumor vascularization in association with classical angiogenesis, including post-natal vasculogenesis, intussusceptive microvascular growth, vascular co-option, and vasculogenic mimicry. We have also discussed the role of these alternative mechanism in resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy and potential therapeutic approaches to overcome resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.R.); (F.P.)
| | - Francesco Pezzella
- Nuffield Division of Laboratory Science, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX39DU, UK
- Correspondence: (D.R.); (F.P.)
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47
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Liu Z, Liu T, Li W, Li J, Wang C, Zhang K. Insights into the antitumor mechanism of ginsenosides Rg3. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:2639-2652. [PMID: 33661439 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06187-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Panax ginseng, an ancient herb, belonging to Chinese traditional medicine, is an important herb that has a remarkable impact on various diseases. Ginsenoside Rg3, one of the most abundant ginsenosides, exerts significant functions in the prevention of various types of cancers with few side effects. In the present review, its functional molecular mechanisms are explored, including the improvement of antioxidant and anti-inflammation properties, immune regulation, induction of tumor apoptosis, prevention of tumor invasion and metastasis, tumor proliferation and angiogenesis, and reduction of chemoresistance and radioresistance. On the other hand, metabolism, pharmacokinetics and clinical indications of Rg3 are also discussed. The biological functional role of ginsenoside Rg3 may be associated with that it is a steroid glycoside with diverse biological activities and many signaling pathway can be regulated. Many clinical trials are highly needed to confirm the functions of ginsenoside Rg3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyu Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No.218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Tongjun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No.218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No.218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Jiannan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No.218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Cuizhu Wang
- Department of New Drug Research Office, College of Pharmacy of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No.218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130000, China.
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48
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Arcucci V, Stacker SA, Achen MG. Control of Gene Expression by Exosome-Derived Non-Coding RNAs in Cancer Angiogenesis and Lymphangiogenesis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:249. [PMID: 33572413 PMCID: PMC7916238 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract: Tumour angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis are hallmarks of cancer and have been associated with tumour progression, tumour metastasis and poor patient prognosis. Many factors regulate angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in cancer including non-coding RNAs which are a category of RNAs that do not encode proteins and have important regulatory functions at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Non-coding RNAs can be encapsulated in extracellular vesicles called exosomes which are secreted by tumour cells or other cells in the tumour microenvironment and can then be taken up by the endothelial cells of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. The "delivery" of these non-coding RNAs to endothelial cells in tumours can facilitate tumour angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Here we review recent findings about exosomal non-coding RNAs, specifically microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, which regulate tumour angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in cancer. We then focus on the potential use of these molecules as cancer biomarkers and opportunities for exploiting ncRNAs for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Arcucci
- Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St., Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia; (V.A.); (S.A.S.)
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Steven A. Stacker
- Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St., Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia; (V.A.); (S.A.S.)
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Marc G. Achen
- O’Brien Institute Department, St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, 9 Princes Street, Fitzroy VIC 3065, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy VIC 3065, Australia
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Dudley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
- Emily Couric Cancer Center, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA.
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50
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Prasad S, Chandra A, Cavo M, Parasido E, Fricke S, Lee Y, D'Amone E, Gigli G, Albanese C, Rodriguez O, Del Mercato LL. Optical and magnetic resonance imaging approaches for investigating the tumour microenvironment: state-of-the-art review and future trends. Nanotechnology 2021; 32:062001. [PMID: 33065554 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abc208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment (TME) strongly influences tumorigenesis and metastasis. Two of the most characterized properties of the TME are acidosis and hypoxia, both of which are considered hallmarks of tumours as well as critical factors in response to anticancer treatments. Currently, various imaging approaches exist to measure acidosis and hypoxia in the TME, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography and optical imaging. In this review, we will focus on the latest fluorescent-based methods for optical sensing of cell metabolism and MRI as diagnostic imaging tools applied both in vitro and in vivo. The primary emphasis will be on describing the current and future uses of systems that can measure intra- and extra-cellular pH and oxygen changes at high spatial and temporal resolution. In addition, the suitability of these approaches for mapping tumour heterogeneity, and assessing response or failure to therapeutics will also be covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Prasad
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Anil Chandra
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Marta Cavo
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Erika Parasido
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Stanley Fricke
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Yichien Lee
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Eliana D'Amone
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Physics 'Ennio De Giorgi', University of Salento, via Arnesano, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Chris Albanese
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Olga Rodriguez
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Loretta L Del Mercato
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
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