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Kagawa T, Hirose S, Arase Y, Oka A, Anzai K, Tsuruya K, Shiraishi K, Orii R, Ieda S, Nakazawa T, Tomita K, Hokari R, Miura S, Ebinuma H, Saito H, Kitamura T, Horie Y, Okuse C, Wasada M, Inoko H, Tohkin M, Saito Y, Maekawa K, Takikawa H, Mine T. No contribution of the ABCB11 p.444A polymorphism in Japanese patients with drug-induced cholestasis. Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 43:691-7. [PMID: 25713208 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.114.061325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
European studies have revealed that the ABCB11 c.1331T>C (V444A) polymorphism (rs2287622) C-allele frequency is higher among patients with drug-induced cholestasis. Given the low incidence of this disease, however, this association has not been sufficiently elucidated. We aimed to investigate the significance of this polymorphism in Japanese patients. We determined ABCB11 V444A polymorphism frequencies and HLA genotypes in two independent drug-induced cholestasis cohorts. Expression and taurocholate transport activity of proteins from 444A variants were analyzed using Madin-Darby canine kidney II cells. In cohort 1 (n = 40), the V444A polymorphism C-allele frequency (66%) was lower than that in controls (n = 190, 78%), but this difference was not significant (P = 0.09). In cohort 2 (n = 119), comprising patients with cholestatic (n = 19), hepatocellular (n = 74), and mixed (n = 26) liver injuries, the C-allele frequency was lower among patients with cholestatic liver injury (68%) than among those with hepatocellular (75%) or mixed liver injury (83%), although this difference was not significant. In cohort 1, HLA-A*0201 was observed more frequently in patients (22%) than in controls [11%; P = 0.003; odds ratio, 2.4 (95% confidence interval, 1.4-4.0)]. Taurocholate transport activity of 444A-encoded protein was significantly lower than that of 444V-encoded protein (81% of 444V, P < 0.05) because of the reduced protein stability. In conclusion, ABCB11 444A had slightly reduced transport activity, but it did not contribute to the occurrence of drug-induced cholestasis in Japanese patients. Therefore, genetic susceptibility to acquired cholestasis may differ considerably by ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatehiro Kagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology (T.K., S.H., Y.A., K.A., K.T., K.S., R.O., S.I., T.M.), Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine (H.I.), and Institute of Medical Science (A.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan (T.N.); Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan (K.T., R.H., S.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.E., H.S.); Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan (T.K.); International University of Health and Welfare, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (C.O.); Ikegami General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.W.); Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., Y.S., K.M.); and Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.)
| | - Shunji Hirose
- Department of Gastroenterology (T.K., S.H., Y.A., K.A., K.T., K.S., R.O., S.I., T.M.), Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine (H.I.), and Institute of Medical Science (A.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan (T.N.); Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan (K.T., R.H., S.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.E., H.S.); Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan (T.K.); International University of Health and Welfare, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (C.O.); Ikegami General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.W.); Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., Y.S., K.M.); and Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.)
| | - Yoshitaka Arase
- Department of Gastroenterology (T.K., S.H., Y.A., K.A., K.T., K.S., R.O., S.I., T.M.), Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine (H.I.), and Institute of Medical Science (A.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan (T.N.); Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan (K.T., R.H., S.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.E., H.S.); Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan (T.K.); International University of Health and Welfare, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (C.O.); Ikegami General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.W.); Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., Y.S., K.M.); and Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.)
| | - Akira Oka
- Department of Gastroenterology (T.K., S.H., Y.A., K.A., K.T., K.S., R.O., S.I., T.M.), Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine (H.I.), and Institute of Medical Science (A.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan (T.N.); Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan (K.T., R.H., S.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.E., H.S.); Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan (T.K.); International University of Health and Welfare, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (C.O.); Ikegami General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.W.); Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., Y.S., K.M.); and Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.)
| | - Kazuya Anzai
- Department of Gastroenterology (T.K., S.H., Y.A., K.A., K.T., K.S., R.O., S.I., T.M.), Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine (H.I.), and Institute of Medical Science (A.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan (T.N.); Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan (K.T., R.H., S.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.E., H.S.); Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan (T.K.); International University of Health and Welfare, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (C.O.); Ikegami General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.W.); Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., Y.S., K.M.); and Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.)
| | - Kota Tsuruya
- Department of Gastroenterology (T.K., S.H., Y.A., K.A., K.T., K.S., R.O., S.I., T.M.), Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine (H.I.), and Institute of Medical Science (A.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan (T.N.); Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan (K.T., R.H., S.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.E., H.S.); Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan (T.K.); International University of Health and Welfare, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (C.O.); Ikegami General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.W.); Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., Y.S., K.M.); and Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.)
| | - Koichi Shiraishi
- Department of Gastroenterology (T.K., S.H., Y.A., K.A., K.T., K.S., R.O., S.I., T.M.), Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine (H.I.), and Institute of Medical Science (A.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan (T.N.); Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan (K.T., R.H., S.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.E., H.S.); Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan (T.K.); International University of Health and Welfare, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (C.O.); Ikegami General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.W.); Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., Y.S., K.M.); and Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.)
| | - Reiko Orii
- Department of Gastroenterology (T.K., S.H., Y.A., K.A., K.T., K.S., R.O., S.I., T.M.), Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine (H.I.), and Institute of Medical Science (A.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan (T.N.); Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan (K.T., R.H., S.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.E., H.S.); Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan (T.K.); International University of Health and Welfare, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (C.O.); Ikegami General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.W.); Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., Y.S., K.M.); and Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.)
| | - Satsuki Ieda
- Department of Gastroenterology (T.K., S.H., Y.A., K.A., K.T., K.S., R.O., S.I., T.M.), Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine (H.I.), and Institute of Medical Science (A.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan (T.N.); Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan (K.T., R.H., S.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.E., H.S.); Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan (T.K.); International University of Health and Welfare, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (C.O.); Ikegami General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.W.); Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., Y.S., K.M.); and Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.)
| | - Takahide Nakazawa
- Department of Gastroenterology (T.K., S.H., Y.A., K.A., K.T., K.S., R.O., S.I., T.M.), Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine (H.I.), and Institute of Medical Science (A.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan (T.N.); Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan (K.T., R.H., S.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.E., H.S.); Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan (T.K.); International University of Health and Welfare, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (C.O.); Ikegami General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.W.); Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., Y.S., K.M.); and Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.)
| | - Kengo Tomita
- Department of Gastroenterology (T.K., S.H., Y.A., K.A., K.T., K.S., R.O., S.I., T.M.), Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine (H.I.), and Institute of Medical Science (A.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan (T.N.); Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan (K.T., R.H., S.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.E., H.S.); Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan (T.K.); International University of Health and Welfare, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (C.O.); Ikegami General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.W.); Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., Y.S., K.M.); and Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.)
| | - Ryota Hokari
- Department of Gastroenterology (T.K., S.H., Y.A., K.A., K.T., K.S., R.O., S.I., T.M.), Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine (H.I.), and Institute of Medical Science (A.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan (T.N.); Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan (K.T., R.H., S.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.E., H.S.); Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan (T.K.); International University of Health and Welfare, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (C.O.); Ikegami General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.W.); Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., Y.S., K.M.); and Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.)
| | - Soichiro Miura
- Department of Gastroenterology (T.K., S.H., Y.A., K.A., K.T., K.S., R.O., S.I., T.M.), Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine (H.I.), and Institute of Medical Science (A.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan (T.N.); Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan (K.T., R.H., S.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.E., H.S.); Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan (T.K.); International University of Health and Welfare, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (C.O.); Ikegami General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.W.); Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., Y.S., K.M.); and Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.)
| | - Hirotoshi Ebinuma
- Department of Gastroenterology (T.K., S.H., Y.A., K.A., K.T., K.S., R.O., S.I., T.M.), Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine (H.I.), and Institute of Medical Science (A.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan (T.N.); Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan (K.T., R.H., S.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.E., H.S.); Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan (T.K.); International University of Health and Welfare, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (C.O.); Ikegami General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.W.); Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., Y.S., K.M.); and Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.)
| | - Hidetsugu Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology (T.K., S.H., Y.A., K.A., K.T., K.S., R.O., S.I., T.M.), Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine (H.I.), and Institute of Medical Science (A.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan (T.N.); Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan (K.T., R.H., S.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.E., H.S.); Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan (T.K.); International University of Health and Welfare, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (C.O.); Ikegami General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.W.); Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., Y.S., K.M.); and Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.)
| | - Tsuneo Kitamura
- Department of Gastroenterology (T.K., S.H., Y.A., K.A., K.T., K.S., R.O., S.I., T.M.), Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine (H.I.), and Institute of Medical Science (A.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan (T.N.); Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan (K.T., R.H., S.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.E., H.S.); Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan (T.K.); International University of Health and Welfare, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (C.O.); Ikegami General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.W.); Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., Y.S., K.M.); and Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.)
| | - Yoshinori Horie
- Department of Gastroenterology (T.K., S.H., Y.A., K.A., K.T., K.S., R.O., S.I., T.M.), Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine (H.I.), and Institute of Medical Science (A.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan (T.N.); Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan (K.T., R.H., S.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.E., H.S.); Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan (T.K.); International University of Health and Welfare, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (C.O.); Ikegami General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.W.); Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., Y.S., K.M.); and Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.)
| | - Chiaki Okuse
- Department of Gastroenterology (T.K., S.H., Y.A., K.A., K.T., K.S., R.O., S.I., T.M.), Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine (H.I.), and Institute of Medical Science (A.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan (T.N.); Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan (K.T., R.H., S.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.E., H.S.); Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan (T.K.); International University of Health and Welfare, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (C.O.); Ikegami General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.W.); Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., Y.S., K.M.); and Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.)
| | - Mitsuru Wasada
- Department of Gastroenterology (T.K., S.H., Y.A., K.A., K.T., K.S., R.O., S.I., T.M.), Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine (H.I.), and Institute of Medical Science (A.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan (T.N.); Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan (K.T., R.H., S.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.E., H.S.); Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan (T.K.); International University of Health and Welfare, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (C.O.); Ikegami General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.W.); Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., Y.S., K.M.); and Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.)
| | - Hidetoshi Inoko
- Department of Gastroenterology (T.K., S.H., Y.A., K.A., K.T., K.S., R.O., S.I., T.M.), Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine (H.I.), and Institute of Medical Science (A.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan (T.N.); Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan (K.T., R.H., S.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.E., H.S.); Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan (T.K.); International University of Health and Welfare, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (C.O.); Ikegami General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.W.); Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., Y.S., K.M.); and Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.)
| | - Masahiro Tohkin
- Department of Gastroenterology (T.K., S.H., Y.A., K.A., K.T., K.S., R.O., S.I., T.M.), Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine (H.I.), and Institute of Medical Science (A.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan (T.N.); Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan (K.T., R.H., S.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.E., H.S.); Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan (T.K.); International University of Health and Welfare, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (C.O.); Ikegami General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.W.); Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., Y.S., K.M.); and Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.)
| | - Yoshiro Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology (T.K., S.H., Y.A., K.A., K.T., K.S., R.O., S.I., T.M.), Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine (H.I.), and Institute of Medical Science (A.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan (T.N.); Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan (K.T., R.H., S.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.E., H.S.); Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan (T.K.); International University of Health and Welfare, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (C.O.); Ikegami General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.W.); Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., Y.S., K.M.); and Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.)
| | - Keiko Maekawa
- Department of Gastroenterology (T.K., S.H., Y.A., K.A., K.T., K.S., R.O., S.I., T.M.), Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine (H.I.), and Institute of Medical Science (A.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan (T.N.); Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan (K.T., R.H., S.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.E., H.S.); Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan (T.K.); International University of Health and Welfare, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (C.O.); Ikegami General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.W.); Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., Y.S., K.M.); and Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.)
| | - Hajime Takikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology (T.K., S.H., Y.A., K.A., K.T., K.S., R.O., S.I., T.M.), Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine (H.I.), and Institute of Medical Science (A.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan (T.N.); Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan (K.T., R.H., S.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.E., H.S.); Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan (T.K.); International University of Health and Welfare, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (C.O.); Ikegami General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.W.); Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., Y.S., K.M.); and Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.)
| | - Tetsuya Mine
- Department of Gastroenterology (T.K., S.H., Y.A., K.A., K.T., K.S., R.O., S.I., T.M.), Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine (H.I.), and Institute of Medical Science (A.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan (T.N.); Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan (K.T., R.H., S.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.E., H.S.); Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan (T.K.); International University of Health and Welfare, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (C.O.); Ikegami General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.W.); Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., Y.S., K.M.); and Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.)
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