601
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Royauté R, Pruitt JN. Varying predator personalities generates contrasting prey communities in an agroecosystem. Ecology 2015; 96:2902-11. [DOI: 10.1890/14-2424.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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602
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Karlsson Green K, Eroukhmanoff F, Harris S, Pettersson LB, Svensson EI. Rapid changes in genetic architecture of behavioural syndromes following colonization of a novel environment. J Evol Biol 2015; 29:144-52. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S. Harris
- Department of Biology; Lund University; Lund Sweden
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603
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Santos CD, Cramer JF, Pârâu LG, Miranda AC, Wikelski M, Dechmann DKN. Personality and morphological traits affect pigeon survival from raptor attacks. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15490. [PMID: 26489437 PMCID: PMC4614540 DOI: 10.1038/srep15490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Personality traits have recently been shown to impact fitness in different animal species, potentially making them similarly relevant drivers as morphological and life history traits along the evolutionary pathways of organisms. Predation is a major force of natural selection through its deterministic effects on individual survival, but how predation pressure has helped to shape personality trait selection, especially in free-ranging animals, remains poorly understood. We used high-precision GPS tracking to follow whole flocks of homing pigeons (Columba livia) with known personalities and morphology during homing flights where they were severely predated by raptors. This allowed us to determine how the personality and morphology traits of pigeons may affect their risk of being predated by raptors. Our survival model showed that individual pigeons, which were more tolerant to human approach, slower to escape from a confined environment, more resistant to human handling, with larger tarsi, and with lighter plumage, were more likely to be predated by raptors. We provide rare empirical evidence that the personality of prey influences their risk of being predated under free-ranging circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos D. Santos
- Department of Migration and Immuno-ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Campus do Bacanga, 65080-040, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Julia F. Cramer
- Department of Migration and Immuno-ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Liviu G. Pârâu
- Department of Migration and Immuno-ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ana C. Miranda
- Department of Migration and Immuno-ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Campus do Bacanga, 65080-040, São Luís, MA, Brazil
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Martin Wikelski
- Department of Migration and Immuno-ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Dina K. N. Dechmann
- Department of Migration and Immuno-ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
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604
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Monceau K. The next meeting for animal personality: population genetics. ETHOL ECOL EVOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2014.984345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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605
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Tibblin P, Forsman A, Borger T, Larsson P. Causes and consequences of repeatability, flexibility and individual fine-tuning of migratory timing in pike. J Anim Ecol 2015; 85:136-45. [PMID: 26412457 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Many organisms undertake migrations between foraging and breeding habitats and while it is assumed that reproductive timing affects fitness, little is known about the degree of individual consistency, and about the causes and consequences of individual variation in migratory timing in organisms other than birds. Here, we report on a 6-year mark-recapture study, including 2048 individuals, of breeding migration in anadromous pike (Esox lucius), an iteroparous top-predatory fish that displays homing behaviour. By repeated sampling across years at a breeding site, we first quantify individual variation both within and between breeding events and then investigate phenotypic correlates and fitness consequences of arrival timing to the breeding site. Our data demonstrate that males arrive before females, that large males arrive later than small males, that the timing of breeding migration varies among years and that individuals are consistent in their timing across years relative to other individuals in the population. Furthermore, data on return rates indicate that arrival time is under stabilizing viability selection, and that individuals who are more flexible in their timing of arrival during the first reproductive years survive longer compared with less flexible individuals. Finally, longitudinal data demonstrate that individuals consistently fine-tune their arrival timing across years, showing that the timing of arrival to breeding sites is influenced by experience. These findings represent rare evidence of how between- and within-individual variations in migratory timing across breeding events are correlated with phenotypic and fitness traits in an ecologically important keystone species. Our results emphasize the importance of considering variation in migratory timing both between and within individuals in studies investigating the fitness consequences of migratory behaviour and have implications for future management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petter Tibblin
- Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, EEMiS, Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Barlastgatan 11, SE-39182, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Anders Forsman
- Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, EEMiS, Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Barlastgatan 11, SE-39182, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Tobias Borger
- The County Administration of Kalmar, Fish and Wildlife, Malmbrogatan 6, SE-39186, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Per Larsson
- Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, EEMiS, Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Barlastgatan 11, SE-39182, Kalmar, Sweden
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606
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Kain MP, Bolker BM, McCoy MW. A practical guide and power analysis for GLMMs: detecting among treatment variation in random effects. PeerJ 2015; 3:e1226. [PMID: 26401446 PMCID: PMC4579019 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In ecology and evolution generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) are becoming increasingly used to test for differences in variation by treatment at multiple hierarchical levels. Yet, the specific sampling schemes that optimize the power of an experiment to detect differences in random effects by treatment/group remain unknown. In this paper we develop a blueprint for conducting power analyses for GLMMs focusing on detecting differences in variance by treatment. We present parameterization and power analyses for random-intercepts and random-slopes GLMMs because of their generality as focal parameters for most applications and because of their immediate applicability to emerging questions in the field of behavioral ecology. We focus on the extreme case of hierarchically structured binomial data, though the framework presented here generalizes easily to any error distribution model. First, we determine the optimal ratio of individuals to repeated measures within individuals that maximizes power to detect differences by treatment in among-individual variation in intercept, among-individual variation in slope, and within-individual variation in intercept. Second, we explore how power to detect differences in target variance parameters is affected by total variation. Our results indicate heterogeneity in power across ratios of individuals to repeated measures with an optimal ratio determined by both the target variance parameter and total sample size. Additionally, power to detect each variance parameter was low overall (in most cases >1,000 total observations per treatment needed to achieve 80% power) and decreased with increasing variance in non-target random effects. With growing interest in variance as the parameter of inquiry, these power analyses provide a crucial component for designing experiments focused on detecting differences in variance. We hope to inspire novel experimental designs in ecology and evolution investigating the causes and implications of individual-level phenotypic variance, such as the adaptive significance of within-individual variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan P Kain
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University , Greenville, NC , USA
| | - Ben M Bolker
- Departments of Mathematics & Statistics and Biology, McMaster University , Hamilton, ON , Canada
| | - Michael W McCoy
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University , Greenville, NC , USA
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607
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Pamela Delarue EM, Kerr SE, Lee Rymer T. Habitat complexity, environmental change and personality: A tropical perspective. Behav Processes 2015; 120:101-10. [PMID: 26386151 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tropical rainforests are species-rich, complex ecosystems. They are increasingly being negatively affected by anthropogenic activity, which is rapidly and unpredictably altering their structure and complexity. These changes in habitat state may expose tropical animals to novel and unpredictable conditions, potentially increasing their extinction risk. However, an animal's ability to cope with environmental change may be linked to its personality. While numerous studies have investigated environmental influences on animal personalities, few are focused on tropical species. In this review, we consider how behavioural syndromes in tropical species might facilitate coping under, and adapting to, increasing disturbance. Given the complexity of tropical rainforests, we first discuss how habitat complexity influences personality traits and physiological stress in general. We then explore the ecological and evolutionary implications of personality in the tropics in the context of behavioural flexibility, range expansion and speciation. Finally, we discuss the impact that anthropogenic environmental change may have on the ecological integrity of tropical rainforests, positing scenarios for species persistence. Maintaining tropical rainforest complexity is crucial for driving behavioural flexibility and personality type, both of which are likely to be key factors facilitating long term persistence in disturbed habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Emily Kerr
- College of Marine and Environmental Science, James Cook University, P. O. Box 6811, Cairns, QLD 4870, Australia; Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Sciences, James Cook University, P. O. Box 6811, Cairns, QLD 4870, Australia
| | - Tasmin Lee Rymer
- College of Marine and Environmental Science, James Cook University, P. O. Box 6811, Cairns, QLD 4870, Australia; Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Sciences, James Cook University, P. O. Box 6811, Cairns, QLD 4870, Australia.
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608
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Davis GH, Payne E, Sih A. Commentary: Four ways in which data-free papers on animal personality fail to be impactful. Front Ecol Evol 2015. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2015.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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609
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Hendry AP. Key Questions on the Role of Phenotypic Plasticity in Eco-Evolutionary Dynamics. J Hered 2015; 107:25-41. [PMID: 26297912 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esv060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecology and evolution have long been recognized as reciprocally influencing each other, with recent research emphasizing how such interactions can occur even on very short (contemporary) time scales. Given that these interactions are mediated by organismal phenotypes, they can be variously shaped by genetic variation, phenotypic plasticity, or both. I here address 8 key questions relevant to the role of plasticity in eco-evolutionary dynamics. Focusing on empirical evidence, especially from natural populations, I offer the following conclusions. 1) Plasticity is--not surprisingly--sometimes adaptive, sometimes maladaptive, and sometimes neutral. 2) Plasticity has costs and limits but these constraints are highly variable, often weak, and hard to detect. 3) Variable environments favor the evolution of increased trait plasticity, which can then buffer fitness/performance (i.e., tolerance). 4) Plasticity sometimes aids colonization of new environments (Baldwin Effect) and responses to in situ environmental change. However, plastic responses are not always necessary or sufficient in these contexts. 5) Plasticity will sometimes promote and sometimes constrain genetic evolution. 6) Plasticity will sometimes help and sometimes hinder ecological speciation but, at present, empirical tests are limited. 7) Plasticity can show considerable evolutionary change in contemporary time, although the rates of this reaction norm evolution are highly variable among taxa and traits. 8) Plasticity appears to have considerable influences on ecological dynamics at the community and ecosystem levels, although many more studies are needed. In summary, plasticity needs to be an integral part of any conceptual framework and empirical investigation of eco-evolutionary dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Hendry
- From the Redpath Museum & Department of Biology, 859 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec H3A OC4, Canada.
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610
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Blight O, Albet Díaz-Mariblanca G, Cerdá X, Boulay R. A proactive–reactive syndrome affects group success in an ant species. Behav Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arv127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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611
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Michelangeli M, Wong BB, Chapple DG. It’s a trap: sampling bias due to animal personality is not always inevitable. Behav Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arv123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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612
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Aalvik IM, Moland E, Olsen EM, Stenseth NC. Spatial ecology of coastal Atlantic cod Gadus morhua associated with parasite load. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2015; 87:449-464. [PMID: 26177748 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic tags and receivers were used to investigate the spatial ecology of coastal Atlantic cod Gadus morhua (n = 32, mean fork length: 50 cm, range: 33-80 cm) on the Norwegian Skagerrak coast in 2012. Monthly home ranges (HR), swimming activity and depth use varied considerably among individuals and through the months of June, July and August. HR sizes for the period ranged from 0.25 to 5.20 km2 (mean = 2.30 km2. Two thirds of the tagged G. morhua were infected with black spot disease Cryptocotyle lingua parasites; these fish had larger HRs and occupied deeper water compared with non-infected fish. The infected fish also tended to be more active in terms of horizontal swimming. From an ecological and evolutionary perspective, any environmental change that modifies G. morhua behaviour may therefore also alter the parasite load of the population, and its conservation and fishery status.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Aalvik
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Syntheses (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1066 Blindern, N-0316, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Marine Research, Flødevigen Marine Research Station, Nye Flødevigveien 20, N-4817, His, Norway
| | - E Moland
- Institute of Marine Research, Flødevigen Marine Research Station, Nye Flødevigveien 20, N-4817, His, Norway
- Centre for Coastal Research, Department of Natural Sciences, University of Agder, P. O. Box 422, N-4604, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - E M Olsen
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Syntheses (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1066 Blindern, N-0316, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Marine Research, Flødevigen Marine Research Station, Nye Flødevigveien 20, N-4817, His, Norway
- Centre for Coastal Research, Department of Natural Sciences, University of Agder, P. O. Box 422, N-4604, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - N C Stenseth
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Syntheses (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1066 Blindern, N-0316, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Marine Research, Flødevigen Marine Research Station, Nye Flødevigveien 20, N-4817, His, Norway
- Centre for Coastal Research, Department of Natural Sciences, University of Agder, P. O. Box 422, N-4604, Kristiansand, Norway
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613
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Monceau K, Moreau J, Poidatz J, Bonnard O, Thiéry D. Behavioral syndrome in a native and an invasive hymenoptera species. INSECT SCIENCE 2015; 22:541-548. [PMID: 24831877 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have focused on the role of behavior in biological invasions. Individuals may differ consistently in time for several behavioral traits (personality) which covary (behavioral syndrome) resulting in different behavioral types, some of them favoring invasion. Social hymenopterans have a strong potential to be invaders and their success depends primarily on the foundresses' ability to found viable colonies. They are expected to be active, explorative and bold for optimally establishing their nest. In Europe, 2 hornet species coexist: the native Vespa crabro and the invasive Vespa velutina. These 2 species may compete for nesting sites and we suggest that the initial success of V. velutina has been favored by its behavior in outperforming V. crabro for the traits involved in nest initiation. Here, we (i) defined the personality of V. crabro and V. velutina, (ii) tested for the existence of behavioral syndrome in these species, and (iii) compared their performances using an open-field test. Our results show that V. crabro foundresses behave consistently but not V. velutina; this lack of consistency being mainly due to reduced variance among individuals. This result questions the possibility of detecting consistent behavioral differences in species having recently undergone a strong bottleneck. Both species exhibit the same correlations between activity, boldness and exploration and V. velutina clearly outperforms V. crabro for all traits. Our results suggest that activity, boldness, and exploration are implicated in both hornet nest initiation and invasion process which contributed to explain why social hymenopterans are so successful at colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Monceau
- INRA, UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble, F-33883, Villenave d'Ornon, France
- ISVV UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Université de Bordeaux, F-33883, Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR CNRS 6282 Biogeosciences, 6 bd Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Jérôme Moreau
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR CNRS 6282 Biogeosciences, 6 bd Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Juliette Poidatz
- INRA, UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble, F-33883, Villenave d'Ornon, France
- ISVV UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Université de Bordeaux, F-33883, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Olivier Bonnard
- INRA, UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble, F-33883, Villenave d'Ornon, France
- ISVV UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Université de Bordeaux, F-33883, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Denis Thiéry
- INRA, UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble, F-33883, Villenave d'Ornon, France
- ISVV UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Université de Bordeaux, F-33883, Villenave d'Ornon, France
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614
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Eskridge BE, Valle E, Schlupp I. Emergence of Leadership within a Homogeneous Group. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134222. [PMID: 26226381 PMCID: PMC4520564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Large scale coordination without dominant, consistent leadership is frequent in nature. How individuals emerge from within the group as leaders, however transitory this position may be, has become an increasingly common question asked. This question is further complicated by the fact that in many of these aggregations, differences between individuals are minor and the group is largely considered to be homogeneous. In the simulations presented here, we investigate the emergence of leadership in the extreme situation in which all individuals are initially identical. Using a mathematical model developed using observations of natural systems, we show that the addition of a simple concept of leadership tendencies which is inspired by observations of natural systems and is affected by experience can produce distinct leaders and followers using a nonlinear feedback loop. Most importantly, our results show that small differences in experience can promote the rapid emergence of stable roles for leaders and followers. Our findings have implications for our understanding of adaptive behaviors in initially homogeneous groups, the role experience can play in shaping leadership tendencies, and the use of self-assessment in adapting behavior and, ultimately, self-role-assignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent E. Eskridge
- Department of Computer Science and Network Engineering, Southern Nazarene University, Bethany, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Valle
- Department of Biology, Southern Nazarene University, Bethany, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Ingo Schlupp
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, United States of America
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615
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Winandy L, Denoël M. The aggressive personality of an introduced fish affects foraging behavior in a polymorphic newt. Behav Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arv101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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616
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Fisher DN, James A, Rodríguez-Muñoz R, Tregenza T. Behaviour in captivity predicts some aspects of natural behaviour, but not others, in a wild cricket population. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 282:20150708. [PMID: 26019161 PMCID: PMC4590455 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.0708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Examining the relevance of 'animal personality' involves linking consistent among- and within-individual behavioural variation to fitness in the wild. Studies aiming to do this typically assay personality in captivity and rely on the assumption that measures of traits in the laboratory reflect their expression in nature. We examined this rarely tested assumption by comparing laboratory and field measurements of the behaviour of wild field crickets (Gryllus campestris) by continuously monitoring individual behaviour in nature, and repeatedly capturing the same individuals and measuring their behaviour in captivity. We focused on three traits that are frequently examined in personality studies: shyness, activity and exploration. All of them showed repeatability in the laboratory. Laboratory activity and exploration predicted the expression of their equivalent behaviours in the wild, but shyness did not. Traits in the wild were predictably influenced by environmental factors such as temperature and sunlight, but only activity showed appreciable within-individual repeatability. This suggests that some behaviours typically studied as personality traits can be accurately assayed in captivity, but the expression of others may be highly context-specific. Our results highlight the importance of validating the relevance of laboratory behavioural assays to analogous traits measured in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Fisher
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Adèle James
- UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université François Rabelais, Parc Grandmont, Tours 37200, France
| | - Rolando Rodríguez-Muñoz
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Tom Tregenza
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn TR10 9FE, UK
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617
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Briard L, Dorn C, Petit O. Personality and Affinities Play a Key Role in the Organisation of Collective Movements in a Group of Domestic Horses. Ethology 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Léa Briard
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien; Strasbourg France
- Université de Strasbourg; Strasbourg France
- Service d'Écologie Sociale; Université Libre de Bruxelles; Bruxelles Belgium
| | | | - Odile Petit
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien; Strasbourg France
- Université de Strasbourg; Strasbourg France
- Service d'Écologie Sociale; Université Libre de Bruxelles; Bruxelles Belgium
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618
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Ariyomo TO, Watt PJ. Effect of hunger level and time of day on boldness and aggression in the zebrafish Danio rerio. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2015; 86:1852-1859. [PMID: 25882908 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effect of two environmental variables, hunger level (fed or not fed before behavioural assays) and time of day (morning or afternoon), on the boldness and aggressiveness of male and female zebrafish Danio rerio, was tested. The results showed that neither hunger level nor time of testing influenced boldness in males and females, but hunger level significantly affected aggression in females when compared with males.
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Affiliation(s)
- T O Ariyomo
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, U.K
| | - P J Watt
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, U.K
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619
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Carere C, Grignani G, Bonanni R, Gala MD, Carlini A, Angeletti D, Cimmaruta R, Nascetti G, Mather JA. Consistent individual differences in the behavioural responsiveness of adult male cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis). Appl Anim Behav Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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620
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Lichtenstein JLL, Pruitt JN. Similar patterns of frequency-dependent selection on animal personalities emerge in three species of social spiders. J Evol Biol 2015; 28:1248-56. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - J. N. Pruitt
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA USA
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621
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Niemelä PT, Santostefano F. Social carry-over effects on non-social behavioral variation: mechanisms and consequences. Front Ecol Evol 2015. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2015.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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622
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Couchoux C, Aubert M, Garant D, Réale D. Spying on small wildlife sounds using affordable collar-mounted miniature microphones: an innovative method to record individual daylong vocalisations in chipmunks. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10118. [PMID: 25944509 PMCID: PMC4650754 DOI: 10.1038/srep10118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Technological advances can greatly benefit the scientific community by making new areas of research accessible. The study of animal vocal communication, in particular, can gain new insights and knowledge from technological improvements in recording equipment. Our comprehension of the acoustic signals emitted by animals would be greatly improved if we could continuously track the daily natural emissions of individuals in the wild, especially in the context of integrating individual variation into evolutionary ecology research questions. We show here how this can be accomplished using an operational tiny audio recorder that can easily be fitted as an on-board acoustic data-logger on small free-ranging animals. The high-quality 24 h acoustic recording logged on the spy microphone device allowed us to very efficiently collect daylong chipmunk vocalisations, giving us much more detailed data than the classical use of a directional microphone over an entire field season. The recordings also allowed us to monitor individual activity patterns and record incredibly long resting heart rates, and to identify self-scratching events and even whining from pre-emerging pups in their maternal burrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charline Couchoux
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, H3C 3P8 Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Maxime Aubert
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, H3C 3P8 Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Dany Garant
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, J1K 2R1, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Denis Réale
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, H3C 3P8 Montréal, QC, Canada
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623
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McEvoy J, While GM, Jones SM, Wapstra E. Examining the role of testosterone in mediating short-term aggressive responses to social stimuli in a lizard. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125015. [PMID: 25906149 PMCID: PMC4407986 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormones have been suggested as a key proximate mechanism that organize and maintain consistent individual differences in behavioural traits such as aggression. The steroid hormone testosterone in particular has an important activational role in mediating short-term aggressive responses to social and environmental stimuli within many vertebrate systems. We conducted two complementary experiments designed to investigate the activational relationship between testosterone and aggression in male Egernia whitii, a social lizard species. First, we investigated whether a conspecific aggressive challenge induced a testosterone response and second, we artificially manipulated testosterone concentrations to examine whether this changed aggression levels. We found that at the mean level, plasma T concentration did not appear to be influenced by an aggression challenge. However, there was a slight indication that receiving a challenge may influence intra-individual consistency of plasma T concentrations, with individuals not receiving an aggression challenge maintaining consistency in their circulating testosterone concentrations, while those individuals that received a challenge did not. Manipulating circulating testosterone concentrations had no influence on either mean-level or individual-level aggression. Combined with our previous work, our study adds increasing evidence that the relationship between testosterone and aggression is not straightforward, and promotes the investigation of alternative hormonal pathways and differences in neuro-synthesis and neuroendocrine pathways to account for species variable testosterone - aggression links.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo McEvoy
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Geoffrey M. While
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Edward Grey Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Susan M. Jones
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Erik Wapstra
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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624
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Niemela PT, Lattenkamp EZ, Dingemanse NJ. Personality-related survival and sampling bias in wild cricket nymphs. Behav Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arv036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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625
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Brownscombe JW, Wilson ADM, Samson E, Nowell L, Cooke SJ, Danylchuk AJ. Individual differences in activity and habitat selection of juvenile queen conch evaluated using acceleration biologgers. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2015. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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626
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Long-term behavioural consistency in prey capture but not in web maintenance in a social spider. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-015-1915-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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627
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Cronin AL. Individual and Group Personalities Characterise Consensus Decision-Making in an Ant. Ethology 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam L. Cronin
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences; Iwate University; Morioka Japan
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628
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DiRienzo N, Niemelä PT, Skog A, Vainikka A, Kortet R. Juvenile pathogen exposure affects the presence of personality in adult field crickets. Front Ecol Evol 2015. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2015.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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629
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Mazue GPF, Dechaume-Moncharmont FX, Godin JGJ. Boldness-exploration behavioral syndrome: interfamily variability and repeatability of personality traits in the young of the convict cichlid (Amatitlania siquia). Behav Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arv030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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630
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Lone K, Loe LE, Meisingset EL, Stamnes I, Mysterud A. An adaptive behavioural response to hunting: surviving male red deer shift habitat at the onset of the hunting season. Anim Behav 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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631
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Way GP, Kiesel AL, Ruhl N, Snekser JL, McRobert SP. Sex differences in a shoaling-boldness behavioral syndrome, but no link with aggression. Behav Processes 2015; 113:7-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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632
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Hauschildt V, Gerken M. Individual gregariousness predicts behavioural synchronization in a foraging herbivore, the sheep (Ovis aries). Behav Processes 2015; 113:110-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2015.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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633
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Way GP, Ruhl N, Snekser JL, Kiesel AL, McRobert SP. A Comparison of Methodologies to Test Aggression in Zebrafish. Zebrafish 2015; 12:144-51. [DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2014.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory P. Way
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nathan Ruhl
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey
| | | | - Alexis L. Kiesel
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Scott P. McRobert
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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634
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Larsen MH, Johnsson JI, Winberg S, Wilson ADM, Hammenstig D, Thörnqvist PO, Midwood JD, Aarestrup K, Höglund E. Effects of emergence time and early social rearing environment on behaviour of Atlantic salmon: consequences for juvenile fitness and smolt migration. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119127. [PMID: 25747862 PMCID: PMC4352035 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Consistent individual differences in behaviour have been well documented in a variety of animal taxa, but surprisingly little is known about the fitness and life-history consequences of such individual variation. In wild salmonids, the timing of fry emergence from gravel spawning nests has been suggested to be coupled with individual behavioural traits. Here, we further investigate the link between timing of spawning nest emergence and behaviour of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), test effects of social rearing environment on behavioural traits in fish with different emergence times, and assess whether behavioural traits measured in the laboratory predict growth, survival, and migration status in the wild. Atlantic salmon fry were sorted with respect to emergence time from artificial spawning nest into three groups: early, intermediate, and late. These emergence groups were hatchery-reared separately or in co-culture for four months to test effects of social rearing environment on behavioural traits. Twenty fish from each of the six treatment groups were then subjected to three individual-based behavioural tests: basal locomotor activity, boldness, and escape response. Following behavioural characterization, the fish were released into a near-natural experimental stream. Results showed differences in escape behaviour between emergence groups in a net restraining test, but the social rearing environment did not affect individual behavioural expression. Emergence time and social environment had no significant effects on survival, growth, and migration status in the stream, although migration propensity was 1.4 to 1.9 times higher for early emerging individuals that were reared separately. In addition, despite individuals showing considerable variation in behaviour across treatment groups, this was not translated into differences in growth, survival, and migration status. Hence, our study adds to the view that fitness (i.e., growth and survival) and life-history predictions from laboratory measures of behaviour should be made with caution and ideally tested in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin H. Larsen
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Section for Freshwater Fisheries and Ecology, Technical University of Denmark, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Jörgen I. Johnsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Svante Winberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alexander D. M. Wilson
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Hammenstig
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Jonathan D. Midwood
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kim Aarestrup
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Section for Freshwater Fisheries and Ecology, Technical University of Denmark, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Erik Höglund
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Section for Aquaculture, Technical University of Denmark, Hirtshals, Denmark
- Research Secretariat, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
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635
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van den Berg P, Molleman L, Weissing FJ. Focus on the success of others leads to selfish behavior. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:2912-7. [PMID: 25730855 PMCID: PMC4352783 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1417203112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It has often been argued that the spectacular cognitive capacities of humans are the result of selection for the ability to gather, process, and use information about other people. Recent studies show that humans strongly and consistently differ in what type of social information they are interested in. Although some individuals mainly attend to what the majority is doing (frequency-based learning), others focus on the success that their peers achieve with their behavior (success-based learning). Here, we show that such differences in social learning have important consequences for the outcome of social interactions. We report on a decision-making experiment in which individuals were first classified as frequency- and success-based learners and subsequently grouped according to their learning strategy. When confronted with a social dilemma situation, groups of frequency-based learners cooperated considerably more than groups of success-based learners. A detailed analysis of the decision-making process reveals that these differences in cooperation are a direct result of the differences in information use. Our results show that individual differences in social learning strategies are crucial for understanding social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter van den Berg
- Theoretical Biology Group, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; and
| | - Lucas Molleman
- Theoretical Biology Group, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; and The Centre for Decision Research and Experimental Economics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Franz J Weissing
- Theoretical Biology Group, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; and
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636
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Royauté R, Buddle CM, Vincent C. Under the influence: sublethal exposure to an insecticide affects personality expression in a jumping spider. Funct Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Royauté
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences McGill University Macdonald Campus Ste‐Anne‐de‐Bellevue QC H9X 3V9 Canada
- Horticultural Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada Saint‐Jean‐sur‐Richelieu QCJ3B 3E6 Canada
| | - Christopher M. Buddle
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences McGill University Macdonald Campus Ste‐Anne‐de‐Bellevue QC H9X 3V9 Canada
| | - Charles Vincent
- Horticultural Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada Saint‐Jean‐sur‐Richelieu QCJ3B 3E6 Canada
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637
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Smith CF, Schuett GW, Amarello M. Male mating success in a North American pitviper: influence of body size, testosterone, and spatial metrics. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles F. Smith
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; The University of Connecticut; 75 N Eagle Road Unit 3043 Storrs CT 06269-3043 USA
- Department of Biology; Wofford College; 429 North Church Street Spartanburg SC 29303 USA
- The Copperhead Institute; P.O. Box 6755 Spartanburg SC 29304 USA
- Chiricahua Desert Museum; P.O. Box 376 Rodeo NM 88056 USA
| | - Gordon W. Schuett
- The Copperhead Institute; P.O. Box 6755 Spartanburg SC 29304 USA
- Chiricahua Desert Museum; P.O. Box 376 Rodeo NM 88056 USA
- Department of Biology and Center for Behavioural Neuroscience; Georgia State University; 33 Gilmer Street, S. E., Unit 8 Atlanta GA 30303 USA
| | - Melissa Amarello
- The Copperhead Institute; P.O. Box 6755 Spartanburg SC 29304 USA
- Advocates for Snake Preservation (A.S.P.); P.O. Box 40493 Tucson AZ 85717 USA
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638
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Best EC, Blomberg SP, Goldizen AW. Shy female kangaroos seek safety in numbers and have fewer preferred friendships. Behav Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arv003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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639
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Behavioural consistency and life history of Rana dalmatina tadpoles. Oecologia 2015; 178:129-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-014-3207-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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640
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Rayment DJ, De Groef B, Peters RA, Marston LC. Applied personality assessment in domestic dogs: Limitations and caveats. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2014.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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641
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McEvoy J, While GM, Sinn DL, Carver S, Wapstra E. Behavioural syndromes and structural and temporal consistency of behavioural traits in a social lizard. J Zool (1987) 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. McEvoy
- School of Biological Science; University of Tasmania; Hobart Tas. Australia
| | - G. M. While
- School of Biological Science; University of Tasmania; Hobart Tas. Australia
- Edward Grey Institute; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | - D. L. Sinn
- School of Biological Science; University of Tasmania; Hobart Tas. Australia
- Department of Psychology; The University of Texas at Austin; Austin TX USA
| | - S. Carver
- School of Biological Science; University of Tasmania; Hobart Tas. Australia
| | - E. Wapstra
- School of Biological Science; University of Tasmania; Hobart Tas. Australia
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642
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Genetic influences on response to novel objects and dimensions of personality in Papio baboons. Behav Genet 2015; 45:215-27. [PMID: 25604451 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-014-9702-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Behavioral variation within and between populations and species of the genus Papio has been studied extensively, but little is known about the genetic causes of individual- or population-level differences. This study investigates the influence of genetic variation on personality (sometimes referred to as temperament) in baboons and identifies a candidate gene partially responsible for the variation in that phenotype. To accomplish these goals, we examined individual variation in response to both novel objects and an apparent novel social partner (using a mirror test) among pedigreed baboons (n = 578) from the Southwest National Primate Research Center. We investigated the frequency and duration of individual behaviors in response to novel objects and used multivariate factor analysis to identify trait-like dimensions of personality. Exploratory factor analysis identified two distinct dimensions of personality within this population. Factor 1 accounts for 46.8 % of the variance within the behavioral matrix, and consists primarily of behaviors related to the "boldness" of the subject. Factor 2 accounts for 18.8 % of the variation, and contains several "anxiety" like behaviors. Several specific behaviors, and the two personality factors, were significantly heritable, with the factors showing higher heritability than most individual behaviors. Subsequent analyses show that the behavioral reactions observed in the test protocol are associated with animals' social behavior observed later in their home social groups. Finally we used linkage analysis to map quantitative trait loci for the measured phenotypes. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in a positional candidate gene (SNAP25) are associated with variation in one of the personality factors, and CSF levels of homovanillic acid and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol. This study documents heritable variation in personality among baboons and suggests that sequence variation in SNAP25 may influence differences in behavior and neurochemistry in these nonhuman primates.
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643
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Chaverri G, Gillam EH. Repeatability in the contact calling system of Spix's disc-winged bat (Thyroptera tricolor). ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2015; 2:140197. [PMID: 26064578 PMCID: PMC4448792 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.140197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Spix's disc-winged bat (Thyroptera tricolor) forms cohesive groups despite using an extremely ephemeral roost, partly due to the use of two acoustic signals that help individuals locate roost sites and group members. While the calls that aid in group cohesion are commonly used, some bats rarely or never produce them. Here, we examine whether the differences observed in the contact calling behaviour of T. tricolor are repeatable; that is, whether individual differences are consistent. We recorded contact calls of individuals in the field and rates and patterns of vocalization. To determine whether measured variables were consistent within individuals, we estimated repeatability (R), which compares within-individual to among-individual variance in behavioural traits. Our results show that repeatability for call variables was moderate but significant, and that repeatability was highest for the average number of calls produced (R=0.46-0.49). Our results demonstrate important individual differences in the contact calling behaviour of T. tricolor; we discuss how these could be the result of mechanisms such as frequency-dependent selection that favour groups composed of individuals with diverse vocal strategies. Future work should address whether changes in social environment, specifically group membership and social status, affect vocal behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin H. Gillam
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
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644
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Hasenjager MJ, Dugatkin LA. Social Network Analysis in Behavioral Ecology. ADVANCES IN THE STUDY OF BEHAVIOR 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.asb.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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645
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Harrison PM, Gutowsky LFG, Martins EG, Patterson DA, Cooke SJ, Power M. Personality-dependent spatial ecology occurs independently from dispersal in wild burbot (Lota lota). Behav Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/aru216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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646
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Animal personality and state-behaviour feedbacks: a review and guide for empiricists. Trends Ecol Evol 2014; 30:50-60. [PMID: 25498413 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
An exciting area in behavioural ecology focuses on understanding why animals exhibit consistent among-individual differences in behaviour (animal personalities). Animal personality has been proposed to emerge as an adaptation to individual differences in state variables, leading to the question of why individuals differ consistently in state. Recent theory emphasizes the role that positive feedbacks between state and behaviour can play in producing consistent among-individual covariance between state and behaviour, hence state-dependent personality. We review the role of feedbacks in recent models of adaptive personalities, and provide guidelines for empirical testing of model assumptions and predictions. We discuss the importance of the mediating effects of ecology on these feedbacks, and provide a roadmap for including state-behaviour feedbacks in behavioural ecology research.
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647
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Steyaert SM, Kindberg J, Jerina K, Krofel M, Stergar M, Swenson JE, Zedrosser A. Behavioral correlates of supplementary feeding of wildlife: Can general conclusions be drawn? Basic Appl Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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648
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Grace JK, Anderson DJ. Corticosterone stress response shows long-term repeatability and links to personality in free-living Nazca boobies. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2014; 208:39-48. [PMID: 25220912 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The concept of "coping styles", or consistently different responses to stressors, is of broad interest in behavioral ecology and biomedicine. Two critical predictions of this concept are individual consistency of neurophysiological and behavioral responses (relative to population variability) and a negative relationship between aggression/proactivity and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis reactivity. Recent studies failed to provide strong support for these predictions, especially outside of strictly controlled conditions, and long-term measures to test the first prediction are rare. Here, we demonstrate individual repeatability across 2-3years of maximum circulating corticosterone concentration [CORT] and area under the [CORT] response curve (AUCI) during a standard capture-restraint test in wild, free-living adult Nazca boobies (Sula granti). We also show that the stress response predicts the personality traits aggression and anxiety in these birds (measured in the wild); however, the strength of these results was weak. Maximum [CORT] and AUCI showed higher repeatability between years than baseline [CORT]. After controlling breeding status, sex, mass, date sampled, and their interactions, baseline [CORT] was most closely related to personality traits, followed by AUCI, and then maximum [CORT]. The direction of these relationships depended on whether the testing context was social or non-social. [CORT] parameters had little to no relationship with cross-context plasticity in personality traits. Our results generally affirm two critical predictions of coping styles, but match the emerging trend that these relationships are weak in the wild, and may depend on testing context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn K Grace
- Dept. of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27106, USA.
| | - David J Anderson
- Dept. of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27106, USA
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649
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Baugh AT, van Oers K, Dingemanse NJ, Hau M. Baseline and stress-induced glucocorticoid concentrations are not repeatable but covary within individual great tits (Parus major). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2014; 208:154-63. [PMID: 25218170 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In evolutionary endocrinology, there is a growing interest in the extent and basis of individual variation in endocrine traits, especially circulating concentrations of hormones. This is important because if targeted by selection, such individual differences present the opportunity for an evolutionary response to selection. It is therefore necessary to examine whether hormone traits are repeatable in natural populations. However, research in this area is complicated by the fact that different hormone traits can be correlated. The nature of these trait correlations (i.e., phenotypic, within-, or among-individual) is critically relevant in terms of the evolutionary implications, and these in turn, depend on the repeatability of each hormone trait. By decomposing phenotypic correlations between hormone traits into their within- and among-individual components it is possible to describe the multivariate nature of endocrine traits and generate inferences about their evolution. In the present study, we repeatedly captured individual great tits (Parus major) from a wild population and measured plasma concentrations of corticosterone. Using a mixed-modeling approach, we estimated repeatabilities in both initial (cf. baseline; CORT0) and stress-induced concentrations (CORT30) and the correlations between those traits among- and within-individuals. We found a lack of repeatability in both CORT0 and CORT30. Moreover, we found a strong phenotypic correlation between CORT0 and CORT30, and due to the lack of repeatability for both traits, there was no among-individual correlation between these two traits-i.e., an individual's average concentration of CORT0 was not correlated with its average concentration of CORT30. Instead, the phenotypic correlation was the result of a strong within-individual correlation, which implies that an underlying environmental factor co-modulates changes in initial and stress-induced concentrations within the same individual over time. These results demonstrate that (i) a phenotypic correlation between two hormone traits does not imply that the traits are correlated among individuals; (ii) the importance of repeated sampling to partition within- and among-individual variances and correlations among labile physiological traits; and (iii) that environmental factors explain a considerable fraction of the variation and co-variation in hormone concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T Baugh
- Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, 500 College Avenue, Swarthmore, PA 19081, USA; Evolutionary Physiology Group, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany.
| | - Kees van Oers
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O. Box 50, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Niels J Dingemanse
- Evolutionary Ecology of Variation Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Eberhard-Gwinner-Str., 82319 Seewiesen, Germany; Behavioural Ecology, Department of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Michaela Hau
- Evolutionary Physiology Group, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany; Evolutionary Physiology Group, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Eberhard-Gwinner-Str., 82319 Seewiesen, Germany; Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, Konstanz, Germany.
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