601
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Wang H, Li X, Zhangsun D, Yu G, Su R, Luo S. The α9α10 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Antagonist αO-Conotoxin GeXIVA[1,2] Alleviates and Reverses Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathic Pain. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17050265. [PMID: 31060282 PMCID: PMC6562493 DOI: 10.3390/md17050265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxaliplatin is a third-generation platinum drug and is widely used as a first-line therapy for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, a large number of patients receiving oxaliplatin develop dose-limiting painful neuropathy. Here, we report that αO-conotoxin GeXIVA[1,2], a highly potent and selective antagonist of the α9α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtype, can relieve and reverse oxaliplatin-induced mechanical and cold allodynia after single and repeated intramuscular (IM) injections in rats. Treatments were started at 4 days post oxaliplatin injection when neuropathic pain emerged and continued for 8 and 16 days. Cold score and mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) were detected by the acetone test and von Frey test respectively. GeXIVA[1,2] significantly relieved mechanical and cold allodynia in oxaliplatin-treated rats after a single injection. After repeated treatments, GeXIVA[1,2] produced a cumulative analgesic effect without tolerance and promoted recovery from neuropathic pain. Moreover, the long lasting analgesic effect of GeXIVA[1,2] on mechanical allodynia continued until day 10 after the termination of the 16-day repeated treatment procedure. On the contrary, GeXIVA[1,2] did not affect acute mechanical and thermal pain behaviors in normal rats after repeated injections detected by the von Frey test and tail flick test. GeXIVA[1,2] had no influence on rat hind limb grip strength and body weight after repeated treatments. These results indicate that αO-conotoxin GeXIVA[1,2] could provide a novel strategy to treat chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanbai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Marine Drugs of Haikou, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Xiaodan Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Marine Drugs of Haikou, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China.
| | - Dongting Zhangsun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Marine Drugs of Haikou, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China.
| | - Gang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Ruibin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Sulan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Marine Drugs of Haikou, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China.
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602
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Xiao Z, Martinez E, Kulkarni PM, Zhang Q, Hou Q, Rosenberg D, Talay R, Shalot L, Zhou H, Wang J, Chen ZS. Cortical Pain Processing in the Rat Anterior Cingulate Cortex and Primary Somatosensory Cortex. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:165. [PMID: 31105532 PMCID: PMC6492531 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain is a complex multidimensional experience encompassing sensory-discriminative, affective-motivational and cognitive-emotional components mediated by different neural mechanisms. Investigations of neurophysiological signals from simultaneous recordings of two or more cortical circuits may reveal important circuit mechanisms on cortical pain processing. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and primary somatosensory cortex (S1) represent two most important cortical circuits related to sensory and affective processing of pain. Here, we recorded in vivo extracellular activity of the ACC and S1 simultaneously from male adult Sprague-Dale rats (n = 5), while repetitive noxious laser stimulations were delivered to animalÕs hindpaw during pain experiments. We identified spontaneous pain-like events based on stereotyped pain behaviors in rats. We further conducted systematic analyses of spike and local field potential (LFP) recordings from both ACC and S1 during evoked and spontaneous pain episodes. From LFP recordings, we found stronger phase-amplitude coupling (theta phase vs. gamma amplitude) in the S1 than the ACC (n = 10 sessions), in both evoked (p = 0.058) and spontaneous pain-like behaviors (p = 0.017, paired signed rank test). In addition, pain-modulated ACC and S1 neuronal firing correlated with the amplitude of stimulus-induced event-related potentials (ERPs) during evoked pain episodes. We further designed statistical and machine learning methods to detect pain signals by integrating ACC and S1 ensemble spikes and LFPs. Together, these results reveal differential coding roles between the ACC and S1 in cortical pain processing, as well as point to distinct neural mechanisms between evoked and putative spontaneous pain at both LFP and cellular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengdong Xiao
- Department of Instrument Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Erik Martinez
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Prathamesh M Kulkarni
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Qiaosheng Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Qianning Hou
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Biophysics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - David Rosenberg
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Robert Talay
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Leor Shalot
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Haocheng Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Zhe Sage Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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603
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HDAC2, but not HDAC1, regulates Kv1.2 expression to mediate neuropathic pain in CCI rats. Neuroscience 2019; 408:339-348. [PMID: 31022463 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The expression of potassium ion channel subunit 1.2 (Kv1.2) in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) influences the excitability of neurons, which contributes to the induction and development of neuropathic pain (NPP); however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the downregulation of Kv1.2 in NPP remain unknown. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are reported to attenuate the development of pain hypersensitivity in rats with NPP. Whether HDAC inhibitors contribute to regulation of Kv1.2 expression, and which specific HDAC subunit is involved in NPP, remain unexplored. In this study we established a chronic constrictive injury (CCI) model and used western blot, quantitative real-time PCR, immunostaining, intrathecal injection, and siRNA methods to explore which HDAC subunit is involved in regulating Kv1.2 expression to mediate NPP. Our results demonstrated that nerve injury led to upregulation of HDAC1 expression in the DRG, and of HDAC2 in the DRG and spinal cord. Double-labeling immunofluorescence histochemistry showed that Kv1.2 principally co-localized with HDAC2, but not HDAC1, in NF200-positive large neurons of the DRG. Intrathecal injection with the HDAC inhibitor, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, attenuated mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity and reversed the decreased expression of Kv1.2 in rats with CCI. Furthermore, treatment with HDAC2, but not HDAC1, siRNA also relieved mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity and upregulated the Kv1.2 expression in this model. In vitro transfection of PC12 cells with HDAC2 and HDAC1 siRNA confirmed that only HDAC2 siRNA could regulate the expression of Kv1.2. These findings suggest that HDAC2, but not HDAC1, is involved in NPP through regulation of Kv1.2 expression.
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604
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Sałat K, Furgała A, Malikowska-Racia N. Searching for analgesic drug candidates alleviating oxaliplatin-induced cold hypersensitivity in mice. Chem Biol Drug Des 2019; 93:1061-1072. [PMID: 30900821 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin is a third-generation, platinum-based derivative used to treat advanced colorectal cancer. Within the patient population on oxaliplatin therapy, a lower incidence of hematological adverse effects and gastrointestinal toxicity is noted, but severe neuropathic pain episodes characterized by increased cold and tactile hypersensitivity are present in ~95% of patients. This drug is also used to induce a rodent model of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN)-related neuropathic pain which is widely used in the search for novel therapies for CIPN prevention and treatment. This paper provides a step-by-step, detailed description of the prevention and intervention protocols used in our laboratory for the assessment of oxaliplatin-induced cold allodynia in mice. To establish cold sensitivity in mice, the cold plate test was used. Latencies to pain reaction in response to cold stimulus (2.5°C) for vehicle-treated non-neuropathic mice, vehicle-treated mice injected with oxaliplatin (neuropathic control), and oxaliplatin-treated mice treated additionally with duloxetine are compared. Duloxetine is a serotonin/noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor which was found to produce significant pain relief in patients with CIPN symptoms. In our present study, duloxetine administered intraperitoneally at the dose of 30 mg/kg served as a model antiallodynic drug which attenuated or partially prevented cold allodynia caused by oxaliplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Sałat
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Furgała
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Natalia Malikowska-Racia
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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605
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Batista CM, Mariano ED, Onuchic F, Dale CS, dos Santos GB, Cristante AF, Otoch JP, Teixeira MJ, Morgalla M, Lepski G. Characterization of traumatic spinal cord injury model in relation to neuropathic pain in the rat. Somatosens Mot Res 2019; 36:14-23. [DOI: 10.1080/08990220.2018.1563537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chary Marquez Batista
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eric Domingos Mariano
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Onuchic
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Gustavo Bispo dos Santos
- Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Fogaça Cristante
- Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose Pinhata Otoch
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Matthias Morgalla
- Department of Neurosurgery, Eberhard-Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Guilherme Lepski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Eberhard-Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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606
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Progressive Increase of Inflammatory CXCR4 and TNF-Alpha in the Dorsal Root Ganglia and Spinal Cord Maintains Peripheral and Central Sensitization to Diabetic Neuropathic Pain in Rats. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:4856156. [PMID: 31001066 PMCID: PMC6437743 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4856156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is a common and serious complication of diabetic patients. The pathogenesis of DNP is largely unclear. The proinflammation proteins, CXCR4, and TNF-α play critical roles in the development of pain, while their relative roles in the development of DNP and especially its progression is unknown. We proposed that establishment of diabetic pain models in rodents and evaluating the stability of behavioral tests are necessary approaches to better understand the mechanism of DNP. In this study, Von Frey and Hargreaves Apparatus was used to analyze the behavioral changes of mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats at different phases of diabetes. Moreover, CXCR4 and TNF-α of spinal cord dorsal and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were detected by western blotting and immunostaining over time. The values of paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) and paw withdrawal latencies (PWL) were reduced as early as 1 week in diabetic rats and persistently maintained at lower levels during the progression of diabetes as compared to control rats that were concomitant with significant increases of both CXCR4 and TNF-α protein expressions in the DRG at 2 weeks and 5 weeks (the end of the experiments) of diabetes. By contrast, CXCR4 and TNF-α in the spinal cord dorsal horn did not significantly increase at 2 weeks of diabetes while both were significantly upregulated at 5 weeks of diabetes. The results indicate that central sensitization of spinal cord dorsal may result from persistent peripheral sensitization and suggest a potential reference for further treatment of DNP.
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607
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Ahmed RU, Alam M, Zheng YP. Experimental spinal cord injury and behavioral tests in laboratory rats. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01324. [PMID: 30906898 PMCID: PMC6411514 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) results in some serious neurophysiological consequences that alter healthy body functions and devastate the quality of living of individuals. To find a cure for SCI, researchers around the world are working on different neurorepair and neurorehabilitation modalities. To test a new treatment for SCI as well as to understand the mechanism of recovery, animal models are being widely used. Among them, SCI rat models are arguably the most prominent. Furthermore, it is important to select a suitable behavioral test to evaluate both the motor and sensory recovery following any therapeutic intervention. In this paper, we review the rat models of spinal injury and commonly used behavioral tests to serve as a useful guideline for neuroscientists in the field of SCI research.
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608
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Macfadyen MA, Daniel Z, Kelly S, Parr T, Brameld JM, Murton AJ, Jones SW. The commercial pig as a model of spontaneously-occurring osteoarthritis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2019; 20:70. [PMID: 30744620 PMCID: PMC6371556 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-019-2452-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical osteoarthritis models where damage occurs spontaneously may better reflect the initiation and development of human osteoarthritis. The aim was to assess the commercial pig as a model of spontaneous osteoarthritis development by examining pain-associated behaviour, joint cartilage integrity, as well as the use of porcine cartilage explants and isolated chondrocytes and osteoblasts for ex vivo and in vitro studies. METHODS Female pigs (Large white x Landrace x Duroc) were examined at different ages from 6 weeks to 3-4 years old. Lameness was assessed as a marker of pain-associated behaviour. Femorotibial joint cartilage integrity was determined by chondropathy scoring and histological staining of proteoglycan. IL-6 production and proteoglycan degradation was assessed in cartilage explants and primary porcine chondrocytes by ELISA and DMMB assay. Primary porcine osteoblasts from damaged and non-damaged joints, as determined by chondropathy scoring, were assessed for mineralisation, proliferative and mitochondrial function as a marker of metabolic capacity. RESULTS Pigs aged 80 weeks and older exhibited lameness. Osteoarthritic lesions in femoral condyle and tibial plateau cartilage were apparent from 40 weeks and increased in severity with age up to 3-4 years old. Cartilage from damaged joints exhibited proteoglycan loss, which positively correlated with chondropathy score. Stimulation of porcine cartilage explants and primary chondrocytes with either IL-1β or visfatin induced IL-6 production and proteoglycan degradation. Primary porcine osteoblasts from damaged joints exhibited reduced proliferative, mineralisation, and metabolic capacity. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the commercial pig represents an alternative model of spontaneous osteoarthritis and an excellent source of tissue for in vitro and ex vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mhairi A Macfadyen
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - Zoe Daniel
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - Sara Kelly
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - Tim Parr
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - John M Brameld
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - Andrew J Murton
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK.,Metabolism Unit, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, TX, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Simon W Jones
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Immunity, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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609
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Evaluating analgesic efficacy and administration route following craniotomy in mice using the grimace scale. Sci Rep 2019; 9:359. [PMID: 30674967 PMCID: PMC6344523 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36897-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most research laboratories abide by guidelines and mandates set by their research institution regarding the administration of analgesics to control pain during the postoperative period. Unfortunately, measuring pain originating from the head is difficult, making adequate decisions regarding pain control following stereotaxic surgery problematic. In addition, most postsurgical analgesia protocols require multiple injections over several days, which may cause stress and distress during a critical recovery period. Here we sought to (1) assess the degree of postoperative pain following craniotomy in mice, (2) compare the efficacy of three common rodent analgesics (carprofen, meloxicam and buprenorphine) for reducing this pain and (3) determine whether the route of administration (injected or self-administered through the drinking supply) influenced pain relief post-craniotomy. Using the mouse grimace scale (MGS), we found that injectable analgesics were significantly more effective at relieving post-craniotomy pain, however, both routes of administration decreased pain scores in the first 24 h postsurgery. Specifically, buprenorphine administered independently of administration route was the most effective at reducing MGS scores, however, female mice showed greater sensitivity to carprofen when administered through the water supply. Although it is necessary to provide laboratory animals with analgesics after an invasive procedure, there remains a gap in the literature regarding the degree of craniotomy-related pain in rodents and the efficacy of alternative routes of administration. Our study highlights the limitations of administering drugs through the drinking supply, even at doses that are considered to be higher than those currently recommended by most research institutions for treating pain of mild to moderate severity.
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610
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Mechanisms of acute and chronic pain after surgery: update from findings in experimental animal models. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2019; 31:575-585. [PMID: 30028733 DOI: 10.1097/aco.0000000000000646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Management of postoperative pain is still a major issue and relevant mechanisms need to be investigated. In preclinical research, substantial progress has been made, for example, by establishing specific rodent models of postoperative pain. By reviewing most recent preclinical studies in animals related to postoperative, incisional pain, we outline the currently available surgical-related pain models, discuss assessment methods for pain-relevant behavior and their shortcomings to reflect the clinical situation, delineate some novel clinical-relevant mechanisms for postoperative pain, and point toward future needs. RECENT FINDINGS Since the development of the first rodent model of postoperative, incisional pain almost 20 years ago, numerous variations and some procedure-specific models have been emerged including some conceivably relevant for investigating prolonged, chronic pain after surgery. Many mechanisms have been investigated by using these models; most recent studies focussed on endogenous descending inhibition and opioid-induced hyperalgesia. However, surgical models beyond the classical incision model have so far been used only in exceptional cases, and clinical relevant behavioral pain assays are still rarely utilized. SUMMARY Pathophysiological mechanisms of pain after surgery are increasingly discovered, but utilization of pain behavior assays are only sparsely able to reflect clinical-relevant aspects of acute and chronic postoperative pain in patients.
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611
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Altered interplay between endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria in Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2A neuropathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:2328-2337. [PMID: 30659145 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1810932116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the MFN2 gene encoding Mitofusin 2 lead to the development of Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2A (CMT2A), a dominant axonal form of peripheral neuropathy. Mitofusin 2 is localized at both the outer membrane of mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum and is particularly enriched at specialized contact regions known as mitochondria-associated membranes (MAM). We observed that expression of MFN2R94Q induces distal axonal degeneration in the absence of overt neuronal death. The presence of mutant protein leads to reduction in endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria contacts in CMT2A patient-derived fibroblasts, in primary neurons and in vivo, in motoneurons of a mouse model of CMT2A. These changes are concomitant with endoplasmic reticulum stress, calcium handling defects, and changes in the geometry and axonal transport of mitochondria. Importantly, pharmacological treatments reinforcing endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria cross-talk, or reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress, restore the mitochondria morphology and prevent axonal degeneration. These results highlight defects in MAM as a cellular mechanism contributing to CMT2A pathology mediated by mutated MFN2.
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612
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Skin-Resident γδ T Cells Exhibit Site-Specific Morphology and Activation States. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:9020234. [PMID: 30723751 PMCID: PMC6339708 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9020234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin-resident γδ T cells play an important role in maintaining the immune barrier at the epithelial surface. Their roles in wound healing, regulation of immune response to injury, and reepithelialization have been characterized extensively in the mouse, though their function in human skin remains largely unknown. Human skin-resident γδ T cells sparsely populate the skin and are often small and rounded in appearance. Those in the mouse ear and back, which line the dermal barrier, are highly arborized cells with many processes extending from the cell body. To date, these cells have been studied primarily in the mouse ear and back; however, it is important to further identify and characterize γδ T cells in other body sites to better understand their function and study their contribution to injury and disease. We developed a novel method to visualize these cells in the skin (whole-mount and cryosections) that when combined with flow cytometry allowed us to assess differences in skin-resident γδ T cell numbers, morphology, and activation state in the ear, back, and footpad (chosen for their importance in immunological and pain research). In comparing cell length, number of dendritic processes, and expression of the activation marker CD69, we found that γδ T cell morphology and activation states vary significantly among the three tissue environments. Specifically, γδ T cells in the footpad are smaller, have fewer processes, and show the highest levels of activation compared to back- and ear-resident cells. Our observations suggest that our understanding of skin-resident γδ T cell functionality, drawn from the experiments performed in the ear and back tissue, may not be applicable to all skin environments. The footpad-resident cells also more closely resemble γδ T cells in human skin, suggesting that cells in this tissue environment may serve as a better translational model when studying γδ T cell function/activity.
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613
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Gallily R, Yekhtin Z, Hanuš LO. The Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Terpenoids from Cannabis. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2018; 3:282-290. [PMID: 30596146 PMCID: PMC6308289 DOI: 10.1089/can.2018.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cannabinoids are well known to have anti-inflammatory effects in mammalians; however, the Cannabis plant also contains other compounds such as terpenoids, whose biological effects have not yet been characterized. The aim of this study was to compare the anti-inflammatory properties of terpenoids with those of cannabidiol (CBD). Materials and Methods: Essential oils prepared from three monoecious nonpsychoactive chemotypes of Cannabis were analyzed for their terpenoid content and subsequently studied pharmacologically for their anti-inflammatory properties in vitro and in vivo. Results: In vitro, the three essential oils rich in terpenoids partly inhibited reactive oxygen intermediate and nitric oxide radical (NO•) production in RAW 264.7 stimulated macrophages. The three terpenoid-rich oils exerted moderate anti-inflammatory activities in an in vivo anti-inflammatory model without affecting tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) serum levels. Conclusions: The different Cannabis chemotypes showed distinct compositions of terpenoids. The terpenoid-rich essential oils exert anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities in vitro and in vivo, which vary according to their composition. Their effects seem to act independent of TNFα. None of the essential oils was as effective as purified CBD. In contrast to CBD that exerts prolonged immunosuppression and might be used in chronic inflammation, the terpenoids showed only a transient immunosuppression and might thus be used to relieve acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Gallily
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Zhannah Yekhtin
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lumír Ondřej Hanuš
- Department of Medicinal and Natural Products, Institute for Drug Research, The Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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614
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Polysaccharopeptide from Trametes versicolor blocks inflammatory osteoarthritis pain-morphine tolerance effects via activating cannabinoid type 2 receptor. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 126:805-810. [PMID: 30584942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Analgesia with opioids such as morphine is an effective clinical strategy for the treatment of cancer pain and chronic inflammatory pain. However, long-term use of morphine can cause morphine tolerance (MT), which limits the clinical application of opioids. Polysaccharopeptide from Trametes versicolor (TPSP) is a biologically active macromolecule that exerts anti-tumor, immune-enhancing and pain-relieving effects. In order to address the clinical problem of MT, herein, we investigated the inhibitory effect and mechanism of TPSP in rats with inflammatory pain-morphine tolerance. A chronic inflammatory osteoarthritis pain-morphine tolerance model was simulated by injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) through the ankle joint cavity and continuous intrathecal administration of morphine. Different doses of TPSP (50 μg/kg, 100 μg/kg and 200 μg/kg) were intrathecally administered for consecutive 3 weeks. Our results indicate that TPSP can significantly inhibit the development of morphine dependence and acute withdrawal in rats, alleviate the decrease of paw withdrawal mechanical threshold and heat stimulation retraction latency. In addition, mechanistically at the molecular level, these effects are elicited via up-regulation of the cannabinoid type 2 receptor, up-regulating the level of β-endorphin, and reducing the levels of IL-1, NO and PGE2. In summary, we report for the first time the application of TPSP as an adjunctive therapy strategy for the relief of MT in clinic.
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615
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Hu T, Lu MN, Chen B, Tong J, Mao R, Li SS, Dai P, Tan YX, Xiyang YB. Electro-acupuncture-induced neuroprotection is associated with activation of the IGF-1/PI3K/Akt pathway following adjacent dorsal root ganglionectomies in rats. Int J Mol Med 2018; 43:807-820. [PMID: 30569108 PMCID: PMC6317683 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.4035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the putative role and underlying mechanisms of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in mediating neuroplasticity in rats subjected to partial dorsal root ganglionectomies following electro-acupuncture (EA) treatment. The rats underwent bilateral removal of the L1-L4 and L6 dorsal root ganglia (DRG), sparing the L5 DRG, and were subsequently subjected to 28 days of EA treatment at two paired acupoints, zusanli (ST 36)-xuanzhong (GB 39) and futu (ST 32)-sanyinjiao (SP 6), as the EA Model group. Rats that received partial dorsal root ganglionectomies without EA treatment served as a control (Model group). Subsequently, herpes simplex virus (HSV)-IGF-1, HSV-small interfering (si) RNA-IGF-1 and the associated control vectors were injected into the L5 DRG of rats in the EA Model group. HSV-IGF-1 transfection enhanced EA-induced neuroplasticity, which manifested as partial recovery in locomotor function, remission hyperpathia, growth of DRG-derived spared fibers, increased expression of phosphorylated (p-) phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt, and increased pPI3K/PI3K and pAkt/Akt expression ratios. By contrast, HSV-siRNA-IGF-1 treatment attenuated these effects induced by HSV-IGF-1 transfection. The results additionally demonstrated that HSV-IGF-1 transfection augmented the outgrowth of neurites in cultured DRG neurons, and interference of the expression of IGF-1 retarded neurite outgrowth. Co-treatment with a PI3K inhibitor or Akt siRNA inhibited the aforementioned effects induced by the overexpression of IGF-1. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated the crucial roles of IGF-1 in EA-induced neuroplasticity following adjacent dorsal root ganglionectomies in rats via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Hu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Min-Nan Lu
- Experiment Center for Medical Science Research, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Bo Chen
- Experiment Center for Medical Science Research, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Jun Tong
- Physical Education Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Rui Mao
- School of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- Basic Medical College, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Pin Dai
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Xin Tan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Bin Xiyang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
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616
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Koyama S, LeBlanc BW, Smith KA, Roach C, Levitt J, Edhi MM, Michishita M, Komatsu T, Mashita O, Tanikawa A, Yoshikawa S, Saab CY. An Electroencephalography Bioassay for Preclinical Testing of Analgesic Efficacy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16402. [PMID: 30401974 PMCID: PMC6219560 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34594-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a multimodal method combining quantitative electroencephalography (EEG), behavior and pharmacology for pre-clinical screening of analgesic efficacy in vivo. The method consists of an objective and non-invasive approach for realtime assessment of spontaneous nociceptive states based on EEG recordings of theta power over primary somatosensory cortex in awake rats. Three drugs were chosen: (1) pregabalin, a CNS-acting calcium channel inhibitor; (2) EMA 401, a PNS-acting angiotensin II type 2 receptor inhibitor; and (3) minocycline, a CNS-acting glial inhibitor. Optimal doses were determined based on pharmacokinetic studies and/or published data. The effects of these drugs at single or multiple doses were tested on the attenuation of theta power and paw withdrawal latency (PWL) in a rat model of neuropathic pain. We report mostly parallel trends in the reversal of theta power and PWL in response to administration of pregabalin and EMA 401, but not minocycline. We also note divergent trends at non-optimal doses and following prolonged drug administration, suggesting that EEG theta power can be used to detect false positive and false negative outcomes of the withdrawal reflex behavior, and yielding novel insights into the analgesic effects of these drugs on spontaneous nociceptive states in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Koyama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Laboratory for Pharmacology, Asahi KASEI Pharma Corporation, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Brian W LeBlanc
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kelsey A Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Catherine Roach
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Joshua Levitt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Muhammad M Edhi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Mai Michishita
- Laboratory for Pharmacology, Asahi KASEI Pharma Corporation, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takayuki Komatsu
- Laboratory for Pharmacology, Asahi KASEI Pharma Corporation, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Okishi Mashita
- Laboratory for Safety Assessment & ADME, Asahi KASEI Pharma Corporation, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Aki Tanikawa
- Laboratory for Safety Assessment & ADME, Asahi KASEI Pharma Corporation, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Satoru Yoshikawa
- Laboratory for Pharmacology, Asahi KASEI Pharma Corporation, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Carl Y Saab
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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617
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Araújo-Filho HG, Pereira EWM, Campos AR, Quintans-Júnior LJ, Quintans JSS. Chronic orofacial pain animal models - progress and challenges. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2018; 13:949-964. [PMID: 30220225 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2018.1524458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic orofacial pain is one of the most common pain conditions experienced by adults. Animal models are often selected as the most useful scientific methodology to explore the pathophysiology of the disorders that cause this disabling pain to facilitate the development of new treatments. The creation of new models or the improvement of existing ones is essential for finding new ways to approach the complex neurobiology of this type of pain. Areas covered: The authors describe and discuss a variety of animal models used in chronic orofacial pain (COFP). Furthermore, they examine in detail the mechanisms of action involved in orofacial neuropathic pain and orofacial inflammatory pain. Expert opinion: The use of animal models has several advantages in chronic orofacial pain drug discovery. Choosing an animal model that most closely represents the human disease helps to increase the chances of finding effective new therapies and is key to the successful translation of preclinical research to clinical practice. Models using genetically modified animals seem promising but have not yet been fully developed for use in chronic orofacial pain research. Although animal models have provided significant advances in the pharmacological treatment of orofacial pain, several barriers still need to be overcome for better treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heitor G Araújo-Filho
- a Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of Physiology , Federal University of Sergipe , São Cristóvão , Brazil
| | - Erik W M Pereira
- a Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of Physiology , Federal University of Sergipe , São Cristóvão , Brazil
| | - Adriana Rolim Campos
- b Experimental Biology Centre (NUBEX) , University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR) , Fortaleza , Brazil
| | - Lucindo J Quintans-Júnior
- a Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of Physiology , Federal University of Sergipe , São Cristóvão , Brazil
| | - Jullyana S S Quintans
- a Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of Physiology , Federal University of Sergipe , São Cristóvão , Brazil
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618
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Reitz F, Salm DC, Ludtke DD, Dos Santos A, Traebert J, Martins DF. A non-reflexive method based on the variability of temperature and bioimpedance in measuring inflammatory hyperalgesia and analgesia in mice. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 308:192-196. [PMID: 30102954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical studies measure withdrawal responses to evoking thermal and mechanical stimuli instead of the more clinically important spontaneous pain. NEW METHOD Therefore, we studied the effect of peripheral inflammation induced by intraplantar administration of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in mice on the variability of temperature and bioimpedance as an index of pain produced by inflammation. To this end, we initially determined mathematical scores based on changes in temperature and bioimpedance (STB) for animals with an inflamed paw and compared these scores with commonly used measures of inflammatory pain. We then pharmacologically validated the tool using dexamethasone. RESULTS The STB analysis resembled the response found in the von Frey Hair (vFH) test. The CFA-induced increase in STB and vFH tests were reversed by intraperitoneal administration of dexamethasone. The correlation between the STB and vFH measurements showed a high correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.911, p < 0.001). COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD Our results also demonstrated that CFA paw injection induced mechanical hyperalgesia in mice and remained virtually unaltered during all time-points tested for 5 days, as measured with vFHs. The administration of CFA into the paw induced a large increase in paw volume that was apparent 1 and 5 days after the injection. The CFA injection resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the response latency to the heat stimulus, as evaluated on day 4 post-CFA injection. CONCLUSIONS The data presented here suggest that STB may provide a novel non-invasive approach for inflammatory pain detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Reitz
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), University of Southern Santa Catarina at Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Daiana C Salm
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), University of Southern Santa Catarina at Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences. University of Southern Santa Catarina at Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Daniela Dero Ludtke
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), University of Southern Santa Catarina at Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Aureo Dos Santos
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), University of Southern Santa Catarina at Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences. University of Southern Santa Catarina at Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Traebert
- Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences. University of Southern Santa Catarina at Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Daniel F Martins
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), University of Southern Santa Catarina at Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences. University of Southern Santa Catarina at Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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619
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Xiao Z, Hu S, Zhang Q, Tian X, Chen Y, Wang J, Chen Z. Ensembles of change-point detectors: implications for real-time BMI applications. J Comput Neurosci 2018; 46:107-124. [PMID: 30206733 DOI: 10.1007/s10827-018-0694-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) have been widely used to study basic and translational neuroscience questions. In real-time closed-loop neuroscience experiments, many practical issues arise, such as trial-by-trial variability, and spike sorting noise or multi-unit activity. In this paper, we propose a new framework for change-point detection based on ensembles of independent detectors in the context of BMI application for detecting acute pain signals. Motivated from ensemble learning, our proposed "ensembles of change-point detectors" (ECPDs) integrate multiple decisions from independent detectors, which may be derived based on data recorded from different trials, data recorded from different brain regions, data of different modalities, or models derived from different learning methods. By integrating multiple sources of information, the ECPDs aim to improve detection accuracy (in terms of true positive and true negative rates) and achieve an optimal trade-off of sensitivity and specificity. We validate our method using computer simulations and experimental recordings from freely behaving rats. Our results have shown superior and robust performance of ECPDS in detecting the onset of acute pain signals based on neuronal population spike activity (or combined with local field potentials) recorded from single or multiple brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengdong Xiao
- Department of Instrument Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Sile Hu
- Department of Instrument Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Qiaosheng Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Xiang Tian
- Department of Instrument Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Network Multimedia Technologies, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Yaowu Chen
- Department of Instrument Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Network Multimedia Technologies, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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620
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Komrakova M, Fiebig J, Hoffmann DB, Krischek C, Lehmann W, Stuermer KM, Sehmisch S. The Advantages of Bilateral Osteotomy Over Unilateral Osteotomy for Osteoporotic Bone Healing. Calcif Tissue Int 2018; 103:80-94. [PMID: 29352329 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-018-0392-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Most models of osteoporotic bone fractures are performed unilaterally (UL). We investigated healing of tibia osteotomy performed either UL or bilaterally (BL) in ovariectomized rats. Behavior of animals and muscle structure were assessed. Three-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized (n = 32). After 10 weeks, half the rats underwent UL osteotomy of tibia metaphysis (right limb) with plate osteosynthesis. The other rats were osteotomized BL. Half of the rats in each group received either standard pain treatment with carprofen (5 mg/kg body weight (BW), 1x/day for 2 days) or carprofen and buprenorphine (5 mg/kg BW, 1x/day and 0.03 mg/kg BW, 2x/day for 5 days) after osteotomy. The UL rats started to load the injured limb from day 27 ± 9; BL rats did this from day 4 ± 4 onward. The UL rats more frequently loaded only one hind limb; BL rats more often loaded both hind limbs. Osteotomy was not bridged in 20% of UL rats and in 4% of BL rats. Callus volume and bone volume fraction were lower in UL group. Weight and fiber size of UL-intact limb muscles were enhanced, compared to the osteotomized limb and those in BL group. Most of the other parameters which assess physiology, activity, body posture, head, or coat were not different. The effect of two pain therapies was not significant on any variable studied. Welfare of the animals was acceptable in all rats. In UL rats, bone healing was delayed. The more advanced healing in BL rats suggested a positive effect of earlier loading. In studies on bone healing, it is advisable to perform BL osteotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Komrakova
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center, Robert-Koch 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - J Fiebig
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center, Robert-Koch 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - D B Hoffmann
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center, Robert-Koch 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - C Krischek
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Goettingen, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
- Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Foundation University of Veterinary Medicine, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173, Hanover, Germany
| | - W Lehmann
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center, Robert-Koch 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - K M Stuermer
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center, Robert-Koch 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - S Sehmisch
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center, Robert-Koch 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
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621
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Toxins as tools: Fingerprinting neuronal pharmacology. Neurosci Lett 2018; 679:4-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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622
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Rossato MF, Rigo FK, Oliveira SM, Guerra GP, Silva CR, Cunha TM, Gomez MV, Ferreira J, Trevisan G. Participation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 in paclitaxel-induced acute visceral and peripheral nociception in rodents. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 828:42-51. [PMID: 29577893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The clinical use of paclitaxel as a chemotherapeutic agent is limited by the severe acute and chronic hypersensitivity caused when it is administered via intraperitoneal or intravenous routes. Thus far, evidence has suggested that transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) has a key role in the chronic neuropathy induced by paclitaxel. Despite this, the role of TRPV1 in paclitaxel -related acute nociception, especially the development of visceral nociception, has not been evaluated. Thus, the goal of this study was to evaluate the participation of TRPV1 in a model of acute nociception induced by paclitaxel in rats and mice. A single intraperitoneal (i.p.) paclitaxel administration (1 mg/kg, i.p.) produced an immediate visceral nociception response 1 h after administration, caused mechanical and heat hypersensitivity, and diminished burrowing behaviour 24 h after administration. These nociceptive responses were reduced by SB-366791 treatment (0.5 mg/kg, i.p., a TRPV1 antagonist). In addition, TRPV1-positive sensory fibre ablation (using resiniferatoxin, 200 µg/kg, s.c.) reduced visceral nociception and mechanical or heat hypersensitivity caused by paclitaxel injection. Similarly, TRPV1 deficient mice showed a pronounced reduction in mechanical allodynia to paclitaxel acute injection and did not develop heat hypersensitivity. Moreover, 24 h after its injection, paclitaxel induced chemical hypersensitivity to capsaicin (a TRPV1 agonist, 0.01 nmol/site) and increased TRPV1 immunoreactivity in the dorsal root ganglion and sciatic nerve. In conclusion, TRPV1 is involved in mechanical and heat hypersensitivity and spontaneous-pain behaviour induced 24 h after a single paclitaxel injection. This receptor is also involved in visceral nociception induced immediately after paclitaxel administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Fortes Rossato
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Flavia Karine Rigo
- Graduate Program in Health Science, University of the Extreme South of Santa Catarina (Unesc), 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Teaching and Research Institute, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Belo Horizonte, 30150-221 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Sara Marchesan Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Petri Guerra
- Federal University of Technology of Paraná (UTFPR), 85884-000 Medianeira, PR, Brazil
| | - Cássia Regina Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago Mattar Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinícius Gomez
- Teaching and Research Institute, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Belo Horizonte, 30150-221 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliano Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88049-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Trevisan
- Graduate Program in Health Science, University of the Extreme South of Santa Catarina (Unesc), 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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623
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Chen W, Chi YN, Kang XJ, Liu QY, Zhang HL, Li ZH, Zhao ZF, Yang Y, Su L, Cai J, Liao FF, Yi M, Wan Y, Liu FY. Accumulation of Ca v3.2 T-type Calcium Channels in the Uninjured Sural Nerve Contributes to Neuropathic Pain in Rats with Spared Nerve Injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:24. [PMID: 29472842 PMCID: PMC5809483 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Injuries to peripheral nerve fibers induce neuropathic pain. But the involvement of adjacent uninjured fibers to pain is not fully understood. The present study aims to investigate the possible contribution of Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels in uninjured afferent nerve fibers to neuropathic pain in rats with spared nerve injury (SNI). Aβ-, Aδ- and C-fibers of the uninjured sural nerve were sensitized revealed by in vivo single-unit recording, which were accompanied by accumulation of Cav3.2 T-type calcium channel proteins shown by Western blotting. Application of mibefradil, a T-type calcium channel blocker, to sural nerve receptive fields increased mechanical thresholds of Aβ-, Aδ- and C-fibers, confirming the functional involvement of accumulated channels in the sural nerve in SNI rats. Finally, perineural application of mibefradil or TTA-P2 to the uninjured sural nerve alleviated mechanical allodynia in SNI rats. These results suggest that axonal accumulation of Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels plays an important role in the uninjured sural nerve sensitization and contributes to neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Chen
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ye-Nan Chi
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Jing Kang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Ying Liu
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao-Lin Zhang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zi-Fang Zhao
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yin Yang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Su
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center of Medical and Health Analysis, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Cai
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei-Fei Liao
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Yi
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - You Wan
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng-Yu Liu
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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