651
|
Zhao J, Cheng F, Wang Y, Arteaga CL, Zhao Z. Systematic Prioritization of Druggable Mutations in ∼5000 Genomes Across 16 Cancer Types Using a Structural Genomics-based Approach. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 15:642-56. [PMID: 26657081 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.053199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A massive amount of somatic mutations has been cataloged in large-scale projects such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the International Cancer Genome Consortium projects. The majority of the somatic mutations found in tumor genomes are neutral 'passenger' rather than damaging "driver" mutations. Now, understanding their biological consequences and prioritizing them for druggable targets are urgently needed. Thanks to the rapid advances in structural genomics technologies (e.g. X-ray), large-scale protein structural data has now been made available, providing critical information for deciphering functional roles of mutations in cancer and prioritizing those alterations that may mediate drug binding at the atom resolution and, as such, be druggable targets. We hypothesized that mutations at protein-ligand binding-site residues are likely to be druggable targets. Thus, to prioritize druggable mutations, we developed SGDriver, a structural genomics-based method incorporating the somatic missense mutations into protein-ligand binding-site residues using a Bayes inference statistical framework. We applied SGDriver to 746,631 missense mutations observed in 4997 tumor-normal pairs across 16 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas. SGDriver detected 14,471 potential druggable mutations in 2091 proteins (including 1,516 recurrently mutated proteins) across 3558 cancer genomes (71.2%), and further identified 298 proteins harboring mutations that were significantly enriched at protein-ligand binding-site residues (adjusted p value < 0.05). The identified proteins are significantly enriched in both oncoproteins and tumor suppressors. The follow-up drug-target network analysis suggested 98 known and 126 repurposed druggable anticancer targets (e.g. SPOP and NR3C1). Furthermore, our integrative analysis indicated that 13% of patients might benefit from current targeted therapy, and this -proportion would increase to 31% when considering drug repositioning. This study provides a testable strategy for prioritizing druggable mutations in precision cancer medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junfei Zhao
- From the ‡Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37203
| | - Feixiong Cheng
- From the ‡Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37203
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- From the ‡Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37203
| | - Carlos L Arteaga
- §Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232; ¶Breast Cancer Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232; ‖Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- From the ‡Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37203; ‖Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232; **Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232; ¶¶School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030
| |
Collapse
|
652
|
Antibiotic monensin synergizes with EGFR inhibitors and oxaliplatin to suppress the proliferation of human ovarian cancer cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17523. [PMID: 26639992 PMCID: PMC4671000 DOI: 10.1038/srep17523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy with an overall cure rate of merely 30%. Most patients experience recurrence within 12–24 months of cure and die of progressively chemotherapy-resistant disease. Thus, more effective anti-ovarian cancer therapies are needed. Here, we investigate the possibility of repurposing antibiotic monensin as an anti-ovarian cancer agent. We demonstrate that monensin effectively inhibits cell proliferation, migration and cell cycle progression, and induces apoptosis of human ovarian cancer cells. Monensin suppresses multiple cancer-related pathways including Elk1/SRF, AP1, NFκB and STAT, and reduces EGFR expression in ovarian cancer cells. Monensin acts synergistically with EGFR inhibitors and oxaliplatin to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells. Xenograft studies confirm that monensin effectively inhibits tumor growth by suppressing cell proliferation through targeting EGFR signaling. Our results suggest monensin may be repurposed as an anti-ovarian cancer agent although further preclinical and clinical studies are needed.
Collapse
|
653
|
Optimizing the Management of Metastatic HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. CURRENT BREAST CANCER REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12609-015-0191-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
654
|
Canfield K, Li J, Wilkins OM, Morrison MM, Ung M, Wells W, Williams CR, Liby KT, Vullhorst D, Buonanno A, Hu H, Schiff R, Cook RS, Kurokawa M. Receptor tyrosine kinase ERBB4 mediates acquired resistance to ERBB2 inhibitors in breast cancer cells. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:648-55. [PMID: 25590338 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.994966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 25% of breast cancers overexpress and depend on the receptor tyrosine kinase ERBB2, one of 4 ERBB family members. Targeted therapies directed against ERBB2 have been developed and used clinically, but many patients continue to develop resistance to such therapies. Although much effort has been focused on elucidating the mechanisms of acquired resistance to ERBB2-targeted therapies, the involvement of ERBB4 remains elusive and controversial. We demonstrate that genetic ablation of ERBB4, but not ERBB1-3, led to apoptosis in lapatinib-resistant cells, suggesting that the efficacy of pan-ERBB inhibitors was, at least in part, mediated by the inhibition of ERBB4. Moreover, ERBB4 was upregulated at the protein level in ERBB2+ breast cancer cell lines selected for acquired lapatinib resistance in vitro and in MMTV-Neu mice following prolonged lapatinib treatment. Knockdown of ERBB4 caused a decrease in AKT phosphorylation in resistant cells but not in sensitive cells, suggesting that ERBB4 activated the PI3K/AKT pathway in lapatinib-resistant cells. Importantly, ERBB4 knockdown triggered apoptosis not only in lapatinib-resistant cells but also in trastuzumab-resistant cells. Our results suggest that although ERBB4 is dispensable for naïve ERBB2+ breast cancer cells, it may play a key role in the survival of ERBB2+ cancer cells after they develop resistance to ERBB2 inhibitors, lapatinib and trastuzumab.
Collapse
Key Words
- EGFR
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- ERK, extracellular regulated kinase
- FGFR, fibroblast growth factor receptor
- HER, human epidermal growth factor receptor
- HER2
- HER3
- HER4
- Herceptin
- MTS, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium
- PI3K, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase
- Q-VD-OPh, quinolyl-valyl-O-methylaspartyl-[2,6-difluoro-phenoxy]-methyl ketone
- RTK, receptor tyrosine kinase
Collapse
|
655
|
Panosa C, Fonge H, Ferrer-Batallé M, Menéndez JA, Massaguer A, De Llorens R, Reilly RM. A comparison of non-biologically active truncated EGF (EGFt) and full-length hEGF for delivery of Auger electron-emitting 111 In to EGFR-positive breast cancer cells and tumor xenografts in athymic mice. Nucl Med Biol 2015; 42:931-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
656
|
Najumudeen AK, Posada IMD, Lectez B, Zhou Y, Landor SKJ, Fallarero A, Vuorela P, Hancock J, Abankwa D. Phenotypic Screening Identifies Protein Synthesis Inhibitors as H-Ras-Nanocluster-Increasing Tumor Growth Inducers. Biochemistry 2015; 54:7212-21. [PMID: 26568031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Ras isoforms H-, N-, and K-ras are each mutated in specific cancer types at varying frequencies and have different activities in cell fate control. On the plasma membrane, Ras proteins are laterally segregated into isoform-specific nanoscale signaling hubs, termed nanoclusters. As Ras nanoclusters are required for Ras signaling, chemical modulators of nanoclusters represent ideal candidates for the specific modulation of Ras activity in cancer drug development. We therefore conducted a chemical screen with commercial and in-house natural product libraries using a cell-based H-ras-nanoclustering FRET assay. Next to established Ras inhibitors, such as a statin and farnesyl-transferase inhibitor, we surprisingly identified five protein synthesis inhibitors as positive regulators. Using commonly employed cycloheximide as a representative compound, we show that protein synthesis inhibition increased nanoclustering and effector recruitment specifically of active H-ras but not of K-ras. Consistent with these data, cycloheximide treatment activated both Erk and Akt kinases and specifically promoted H-rasG12V-induced, but not K-rasG12V-induced, PC12 cell differentiation. Intriguingly, cycloheximide increased the number of mammospheres, which are enriched for cancer stem cells. Depletion of H-ras in combination with cycloheximide significantly reduced mammosphere formation, suggesting an exquisite synthetic lethality. The potential of cycloheximide to promote tumor cell growth was also reflected in its ability to increase breast cancer cell tumors grown in ovo. These results illustrate the possibility of identifying Ras-isoform-specific modulators using nanocluster-directed screening. They also suggest an unexpected feedback from protein synthesis inhibition to Ras signaling, which might present a vulnerability in certain tumor cell types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arafath K Najumudeen
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Åbo Akademi University , Tykistökatu 6B, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Itziar M D Posada
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Åbo Akademi University , Tykistökatu 6B, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Benoit Lectez
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Åbo Akademi University , Tykistökatu 6B, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Yong Zhou
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Sebastian K-J Landor
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Åbo Akademi University , Tykistökatu 6B, 20520 Turku, Finland.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB), Karolinska Institutet , SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adyary Fallarero
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki , FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pia Vuorela
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki , FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - John Hancock
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Daniel Abankwa
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Åbo Akademi University , Tykistökatu 6B, 20520 Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
657
|
Seigel GM, Sharma S, Hackam AS, Shah DK. HER2/ERBB2 immunoreactivity in human retinoblastoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:6135-42. [PMID: 26614428 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4475-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is an ocular malignancy of early childhood. Although mutations in the Rb1 gene and expression of stem cell markers have been identified in RB, additional information on RB-specific alterations in signaling pathways and protein expression would be useful for the design of targeted RB therapies. Here we have evaluated the expression of HER2 (ERBB2) in RB. HER2 is a member of the epidermal growth factor family, which is overexpressed in breast, ovarian, gastric, colorectal, pancreatic, and endometrial cancers in a stratified manner. Overexpression and gene amplification of HER2 is associated with aggressive malignancies, accompanied by chemoresistance and poor outcomes. In this study, we present the first evidence of HER2 immunoreactivity in retinoblastoma, as shown by immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, and western immunoblot, with validation by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) in both RB cell lines and clinical RB tumors. Our results suggest that the HER2 protein expressed in RB is a truncated version that spares the trastuzumab binding site, while HER2 is not detected in normal ocular tissues. Our discovery of HER2 expression in RB may lead to innovative and targeted drug treatment options designed to spare the eye and preserve vision in RB patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G M Seigel
- Center for Hearing & Deafness, SUNY Eye Institute, University at Buffalo, 3435 Main Street, Cary 137, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.
| | - S Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, 455 Kapoor Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - A S Hackam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Dhaval K Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, 455 Kapoor Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
658
|
Baumdick M, Brüggemann Y, Schmick M, Xouri G, Sabet O, Davis L, Chin JW, Bastiaens PIH. EGF-dependent re-routing of vesicular recycling switches spontaneous phosphorylation suppression to EGFR signaling. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 26609808 PMCID: PMC4716840 DOI: 10.7554/elife.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autocatalytic activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) coupled to dephosphorylating activity of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) ensures robust yet diverse responses to extracellular stimuli. The inevitable tradeoff of this plasticity is spontaneous receptor activation and spurious signaling. We show that a ligand-mediated switch in EGFR trafficking enables suppression of spontaneous activation while maintaining EGFR’s capacity to transduce extracellular signals. Autocatalytic phosphorylation of tyrosine 845 on unliganded EGFR monomers is suppressed by vesicular recycling through perinuclear areas with high PTP1B activity. Ligand-binding results in phosphorylation of the c-Cbl docking tyrosine and ubiquitination of the receptor. This secondary signal relies on EGF-induced EGFR self-association and switches suppressive recycling to directional trafficking. The re-routing regulates EGFR signaling response by the transit-time to late endosomes where it is switched-off by high PTP1B activity. This ubiquitin-mediated switch in EGFR trafficking is a uniquely suited solution to suppress spontaneous activation while maintaining responsiveness to EGF. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.12223.001 In living tissue, the ability of individual cells to grow is influenced by signal molecules in the environment around each cell. For example, after an injury, a molecule called epidermal growth factor can stimulate cells to grow to repair the wound. Epidermal growth factor binds to and activates a receptor protein called EGFR, which faces outwards from the cell surface. However, this signal needs to be switched off again afterwards to prevent the cells from growing too much. Epidermal growth factor activates EGFR by triggering a process called “autophosphorylation”, in which EGFR attaches molecules called phosphates to itself. To quench the signal, EGFRs that are bound to growth factors are removed from the cell surface and taken into the cell in small membrane bubbles called vesicles. Enzymes called phosphatases near the cell nucleus remove the phosphate groups and thereby switch the receptors off, before the receptors are ultimately destroyed. However, EGFR autophosphorylation can also happen spontaneously in the absence of growth factor, so it was not clear how the cell is able to distinguish between this spontaneous activation and a genuine signal. Baumdick, Brüggemann, Schmick, Xouri et al. used biochemical techniques to address this question. The experiments show that EGFRs that have become spontaneously active are also removed from the cell surface in vesicles. However, unlike the EGFRs that are bound to growth factors, the spontaneously active receptors are recycled back to the membrane. On the way, their activity is also switched off by encountering phosphatases so that they are not active when they reach the cell surface again. The experiments also show that EGFRs are targeted for destruction by the presence of a tag called ubiquitin, which is added to the receptor in response to the binding of growth factor. Therefore, Baumdick et al.’s findings show that epidermal growth factor controls a switch that alters the way active EGFRs are processed in cells. This system acts to suppress the spontaneous activation of EGFRs, whilst maintaining the ability of the cell to respond to epidermal growth factor. The next challenge is to understand how the location of the phosphatases inside the cell influences when and how the EGFRs respond to this external signal. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.12223.002
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Baumdick
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Yannick Brüggemann
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Malte Schmick
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Georgia Xouri
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ola Sabet
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Lloyd Davis
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jason W Chin
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Philippe I H Bastiaens
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
659
|
Bennouna J, Moreno Vera SR. Afatinib-based combination regimens for the treatment of solid tumors: rationale, emerging strategies and recent progress. Future Oncol 2015; 12:355-72. [PMID: 26603212 DOI: 10.2217/fon.15.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In oncology, there is a clinical need for novel combination therapy regimens that maximize efficacy and delay resistance to individual treatment modalities. Given the role of aberrant ErbB receptor signaling in the pathogenesis of many human cancers, there is rationale for incorporating afatinib, an irreversible pan-ErbB tyrosine kinase inhibitor, into such combinations. This review focuses on: pharmacological properties of afatinib that facilitate its use in combination; preclinical rationale for the combination of afatinib with other agents; and recently completed, and ongoing, clinical trials of afatinib-based combinations across tumor types. Based on these data, we emphasize a number of areas of high unmet medical need that could benefit from afatinib-based combinations, including patients with relapsed/refractory non-small-cell lung cancer.
Collapse
|
660
|
Forrester SJ, Kawai T, O'Brien S, Thomas W, Harris RC, Eguchi S. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Transactivation: Mechanisms, Pathophysiology, and Potential Therapies in the Cardiovascular System. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2015; 56:627-53. [PMID: 26566153 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-070115-095427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation impacts the physiology and pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system, and inhibition of EGFR activity is emerging as a potential therapeutic strategy to treat diseases including hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, renal fibrosis, and abdominal aortic aneurysm. The capacity of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists, such as angiotensin II (AngII), to promote EGFR signaling is called transactivation and is well described, yet delineating the molecular processes and functional relevance of this crosstalk has been challenging. Moreover, these critical findings are dispersed among many different fields. The aim of our review is to highlight recent advancements in defining the signaling cascades and downstream consequences of EGFR transactivation in the cardiovascular renal system. We also focus on studies that link EGFR transactivation to animal models of the disease, and we discuss potential therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Forrester
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140;
| | - Tatsuo Kawai
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140;
| | - Shannon O'Brien
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Walter Thomas
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140;
| |
Collapse
|
661
|
Kovacevic Z, Menezes SV, Sahni S, Kalinowski DS, Bae DH, Lane DJR, Richardson DR. The Metastasis Suppressor, N-MYC Downstream-regulated Gene-1 (NDRG1), Down-regulates the ErbB Family of Receptors to Inhibit Downstream Oncogenic Signaling Pathways. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:1029-52. [PMID: 26534963 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.689653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
N-MYC downstream-regulated gene-1 (NDRG1) is a potent growth and metastasis suppressor that acts through its inhibitory effects on a wide variety of cellular signaling pathways, including the TGF-β pathway, protein kinase B (AKT)/PI3K pathway, RAS, etc. To investigate the hypothesis that its multiple effects could be regulated by a common upstream effector, the role of NDRG1 on the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and other members of the ErbB family, namely human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3), was examined. We demonstrate that NDRG1 markedly decreased the expression and activation of EGFR, HER2, and HER3 in response to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) ligand, while also inhibiting formation of the EGFR/HER2 and HER2/HER3 heterodimers. In addition, NDRG1 also decreased activation of the downstream MAPKK in response to EGF. Moreover, novel anti-tumor agents of the di-2-pyridylketone class of thiosemicarbazones, namely di-2-pyridylketone 4,4-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone and di-2-pyridylketone 4-cyclohexyl-4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone, which markedly up-regulate NDRG1, were found to inhibit EGFR, HER2, and HER3 expression and phosphorylation in cancer cells. However, the mechanism involved appeared dependent on NDRG1 for di-2-pyridylketone 4,4-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone, but was independent of this metastasis suppressor for di-2-pyridylketone 4-cyclohexyl-4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone. This observation demonstrates that small structural changes in thiosemicarbazones result in marked alterations in molecular targeting. Collectively, these results reveal a mechanism for the extensive downstream effects on cellular signaling attributed to NDRG1. Furthermore, this study identifies a novel approach for the treatment of tumors resistant to traditional EGFR inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaklina Kovacevic
- From the Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Sharleen V Menezes
- From the Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Sumit Sahni
- From the Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Danuta S Kalinowski
- From the Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Dong-Hun Bae
- From the Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Darius J R Lane
- From the Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- From the Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
662
|
Liu D, Deng Q, Sun L, Wang T, Yang Z, Chen H, Guo L, Liu Y, Ma Y, Guo N, Shi M. A Her2-let-7-β2-AR circuit affects prognosis in patients with Her2-positive breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:832. [PMID: 26526356 PMCID: PMC4629406 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1869-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our previous studies show that β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) is highly expressed in most Her2-overexpressing breast cancers. However, the mechanisms underlying upregulation of the β2-AR expression in Her2-overexpressing breast cancer cells are not fully understood. The clinical significance of the β2-AR overexpression in breast cancer is unclear. Methods Human breast cancer cells MCF-7 and MCF-7/Her2 were transfected with the let-7 mimics or inhibitors. The expression of β2-AR was analyzed by Western blot. The β2-AR status in primary and metastatic sites of breast cancer and the human breast cancer tissue microarrays containing 49 primary tumors and 50 metastatic lymph node tissues was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The correlation of lymph node metastasis with the β2-AR level was determined in 59 primary tumor tissues from the patients with Her2-positive breast cancer. The clinical prognostic significance of the β2-AR overexpression in the patients with Her2-positive breast cancers was evaluated by a retrospective study. Results The let-7f level in Her2-overexpressing breast cancer cells SKBR3 and BT474 was significantly lower than that in MCF-7 cells, which express low level of Her2. Ectopic expression of Her2 in MCF-7 cells (MCF-7/Her2) represses the expression of microRNA let-7f, which is previously identified to regulate baseline β2-AR expression. The treatment with MEK1/2 inhibitors PD98059 or PD184352 effectively restored the let-7f level, suggesting that Her2-overexpression-mediated ERK constitutive activation inhibited let-7f, leading to the upregulation of the β2-AR expression. The transfection with the let-7f mimics markedly downregulated the β2-AR level, whereas the let-7 inhibitor significantly upregulated the β2-AR expression in both parental MCF-7 and MCF-7/Her2 cells. In addition, treatment of MCF-7/Her2 cells with isoproterenol resulted in a concentration-dependent reduction of the let-7f expression, demonstrating that the inhibitory effect of Her2 overexpression on let-7f can be reinforced by agonist-triggered β2-AR activation. We further demonstrate that high level of β2-AR associates with lymph node metastasis and poor outcome in the patients with Her2-positive breast cancer. Conclusions The mutual and reciprocal interaction between Her2, β2-AR, and let-7f may maintain a high level of β2-AR in breast cancer cells. Our data suggest that β2-AR may be a new useful biomarker for predicting prognosis in Her2-positive breast cancer and may also be a promising selective therapeutic target for the aggressive subtype of breast cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1869-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, P.R. China.
| | - Que Deng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, P.R. China.
| | - Limin Sun
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, P.R. China.
| | - Tao Wang
- 307 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100071, P.R. China.
| | - Zhengyan Yang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, P.R. China.
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, P.R. China.
| | - Liang Guo
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, P.R. China.
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Medical School of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P.R. China.
| | - Yuanfang Ma
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Medical School of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P.R. China.
| | - Ning Guo
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, P.R. China.
| | - Ming Shi
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
663
|
Targeting the heat shock response in combination with radiotherapy: Sensitizing cancer cells to irradiation-induced cell death and heating up their immunogenicity. Cancer Lett 2015; 368:209-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
664
|
Assessment of a HER2 scoring system for colorectal cancer: results from a validation study. Mod Pathol 2015; 28:1481-91. [PMID: 26449765 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2015.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We sought to develop criteria for ERBB2-positivity (HER2) in colorectal cancer to ensure accurate identification of ERBB2-amplified metastatic colorectal cancer patients suitable for enrollment in a phase II trial of ERBB2-targeted therapy (HERACLES trial). A two-step approach was used. In step 1, a consensus panel of pathologists adapted existing protocols for use in colorectal cancer to test ERBB2 expression and amplification. Collegial revision of an archival test cohort of colorectal cancer samples led to specific recommendations for adapting current breast and gastric cancer criteria for scoring ERBB2 in colorectal cancer. In step 2, from September 2012 to January 2015, colorectal-specific ERBB2 testing protocols and ERBB2 scoring criteria were used to centrally screen for ERBB2-positive KRAS wild-type colorectal cancer patients to be enrolled in the HERACLES trial (clinical validation cohort). In both archival test (N=256) and clinical validation (N=830) cohorts, a clinically sizeable 5% fraction of KRAS wild-type colorectal cancer patients was found to be ERBB2-positive according to the colorectal cancer-specific ERBB2 scoring criteria. ERBB2-positive tumors showed ERBB2 immunostaining consisting of intense membranous ERBB2 protein expression, corresponding to homogenous ERBB2 amplification, in >50% of cells. None of the immunohistochemistry 0 or 1+ cases was amplified. Concordance between SISH and FISH was 100%. In conclusion, we propose specific criteria for defining ERBB2-positivity in colorectal cancer (HERACLES Diagnostic Criteria). In a phase II trial of trastuzumab and lapatinib in a cetuximab-resistant population, HERACLES Diagnostic Criteria shaped the selection of patients and defined ERBB2 as a predictive marker for response to ERBB2-targeted therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer.
Collapse
|
665
|
HER2 missense mutations have distinct effects on oncogenic signaling and migration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E6205-14. [PMID: 26508629 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1516853112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) missense mutations have been reported in human cancers. These mutations occur primarily in the absence of HER2 gene amplification such that most HER2-mutant tumors are classified as "negative" by FISH or immunohistochemistry assays. It remains unclear whether nonamplified HER2 missense mutations are oncogenic and whether they are targets for HER2-directed therapies that are currently approved for the treatment of HER2 gene-amplified breast cancers. Here we functionally characterize HER2 kinase and extracellular domain mutations through gene editing of the endogenous loci in HER2 nonamplified human breast epithelial cells. In in vitro and in vivo assays, the majority of HER2 missense mutations do not impart detectable oncogenic changes. However, the HER2 V777L mutation increased biochemical pathway activation and, in the context of a PIK3CA mutation, enhanced migratory features in vitro. However, the V777L mutation did not alter in vivo tumorigenicity or sensitivity to HER2-directed therapies in proliferation assays. Our results suggest the oncogenicity and potential targeting of HER2 missense mutations should be considered in the context of cooperating genetic alterations and provide previously unidentified insights into functional analysis of HER2 mutations and strategies to target them.
Collapse
|
666
|
Abstract
Although head and neck squamous cell carcinoma has traditionally been considered to be a very immunosuppressive, or at least nonimmunogenic, tumor type, recent results from clinical studies of immune checkpoint blockade strategies have led to resurgence in the enthusiasm for immunotherapeutic approaches. Additional strategies for immunotherapy that are under active investigation include enhancement of cetuximab-mediated antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, tumor vaccines, and engineered T cells for adoptive therapy. All of these studies have early-phase clinical trials under way, and the next several years will be exciting as the results of these studies are reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David W Schoppy
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - John B Sunwoo
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
667
|
Ebrahimi A, Nodushan SMHT, Mousavian A, Mokarizadeh A, Abbasi M, Yahaghi E, Rasaei SM. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Diagnostic and prognostic potentials of KLF6 and HER3 expression alterations in cutaneous malignant melanoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:10.1007/s13277-015-4236-y. [PMID: 26474591 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4236-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ebrahimi
- Students' Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Mousavian
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Aram Mokarizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center and Department of Immunology, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mehdi Abbasi
- School of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Emad Yahaghi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
668
|
Inhibition of ErbB3 by a monoclonal antibody that locks the extracellular domain in an inactive configuration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:13225-30. [PMID: 26460020 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1518361112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ErbB3 (HER3) is a member of the EGF receptor (EGFR) family of receptor tyrosine kinases, which, unlike the other three family members, contains a pseudo kinase in place of a tyrosine kinase domain. In cancer, ErbB3 activation is driven by a ligand-dependent mechanism through the formation of heterodimers with EGFR, ErbB2, or ErbB4 or via a ligand-independent process through heterodimerization with ErbB2 overexpressed in breast tumors or other cancers. Here we describe the crystal structure of the Fab fragment of an antagonistic monoclonal antibody KTN3379, currently in clinical development in human cancer patients, in complex with the ErbB3 extracellular domain. The structure reveals a unique allosteric mechanism for inhibition of ligand-dependent or ligand-independent ErbB3-driven cancers by binding to an epitope that locks ErbB3 in an inactive conformation. Given the similarities in the mechanism of ErbB receptor family activation, these findings could facilitate structure-based design of antibodies that inhibit EGFR and ErbB4 by an allosteric mechanism.
Collapse
|
669
|
Anastasi S, Lamberti D, Alemà S, Segatto O. Regulation of the ErbB network by the MIG6 feedback loop in physiology, tumor suppression and responses to oncogene-targeted therapeutics. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 50:115-24. [PMID: 26456277 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The ErbB signaling network instructs the execution of key cellular programs, such as cell survival, proliferation and motility, through the generation of robust signals of defined strength and duration. In contrast, unabated ErbB signaling disrupts tissue homeostasis and leads to cell transformation. Cells oppose the threat inherent in excessive ErbB activity through several mechanisms of negative feedback regulation. Inducible feedback inhibitors (IFIs) are expressed in the context of transcriptional responses triggered by ErbB signaling, thus being uniquely suited to regulate ErbB activity during the execution of complex cellular programs. This review focuses on MIG6, an IFI that restrains ErbB signaling by mediating ErbB kinase suppression and receptor down-regulation. We will review key issues in MIG6 function, regulation and tumor suppressor activity. Subsequently, the role for MIG6 loss in the pathogenesis of tumors driven by ErbB oncogenes as well as in the generation of cellular addiction to ErbB signaling will be discussed. We will conclude by analyzing feedback inhibition by MIG6 in the context of therapies directed against ErbB and non-ErbB oncogenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Anastasi
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via E. Chianesi, 53, 00144 Rome, Italy.
| | - Dante Lamberti
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via E. Chianesi, 53, 00144 Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefano Alemà
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, CNR, 00016 Monterotondo, Italy.
| | - Oreste Segatto
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via E. Chianesi, 53, 00144 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
670
|
|
671
|
Schwab CL, English DP, Black J, Bellone S, Lopez S, Cocco E, Bonazzoli E, Bussi B, Predolini F, Ferrari F, Ratner E, Silasi DA, Azodi M, Rutherford T, Schwartz PE, Santin AD. Neratinib shows efficacy in the treatment of HER2 amplified carcinosarcoma in vitro and in vivo. Gynecol Oncol 2015; 139:112-7. [PMID: 26260909 PMCID: PMC4587290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Carcinosarcoma is a deadly gynecologic malignancy with few effective treatment options. The study of new therapies is difficult because of its rarity. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of neratinib in the treatment of HER2 amplified carcinosarcoma. METHODS The efficacy of neratinib in the treatment of HER2 amplified carcinosarcoma was determined in vitro using seven primary carcinosarcoma cell lines with differential expression of HER2/neu. Data regarding IC50, cell cycle distribution, and cell signaling changes were assessed by flow cytometry. The efficacy of neratinib was determined in treating mice harboring HER2 amplified carcinosarcoma xenografts. RESULTS Two of seven (28.5%) carcinosarcoma cell lines were HER2/neu amplified. HER2/neu amplified cell lines SARARK6 and SARARK9 were significantly more sensitive to neratinib than the five non-HER2/neu amplified carcinosarcoma cell lines (mean±SEM IC50:0.014μM±0.004vs.0.164μM±0.019 p=0.0003). Neratinib treatment caused a significant build up in G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle, arrest auto phosphorylation of HER2/neu and activation of S6. Neratinib inhibited tumor growth (p=0.012) and prolonged survival in mice harboring HER2 amplified carcinosarcoma xenografts (p=0.0039). CONCLUSIONS Neratinib inhibits HER2 amplified carcinosarcoma proliferation, signaling, cell cycle progression and tumor growth in vitro. Neratinib inhibits HER2/neu amplified xenograft growth and improves overall survival. Clinical trials are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlton L Schwab
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Diana P English
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Jonathan Black
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Stefania Bellone
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Salvatore Lopez
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Campus Biomedico of Roma, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21-00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Emiliano Cocco
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Elena Bonazzoli
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Beatrice Bussi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Federica Predolini
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Francesca Ferrari
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Elena Ratner
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Dan-Arin Silasi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Masoud Azodi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Thomas Rutherford
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Peter E Schwartz
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Alessandro D Santin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street New Haven, CT 06520, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
672
|
Yard B, Chie EK, Adams DJ, Peacock C, Abazeed ME. Radiotherapy in the Era of Precision Medicine. Semin Radiat Oncol 2015; 25:227-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
673
|
Randle SJ, Laman H. F-box protein interactions with the hallmark pathways in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 36:3-17. [PMID: 26416465 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
F-box proteins (FBP) are the substrate specifying subunit of Skp1-Cul1-FBP (SCF)-type E3 ubiquitin ligases and are responsible for directing the ubiquitination of numerous proteins essential for cellular function. Due to their ability to regulate the expression and activity of oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes, FBPs themselves play important roles in cancer development and progression. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of FBPs and their targets in relation to their interaction with the hallmarks of cancer cell biology, including the regulation of proliferation, epigenetics, migration and invasion, metabolism, angiogenesis, cell death and DNA damage responses. Each cancer hallmark is revealed to have multiple FBPs which converge on common signalling hubs or response pathways. We also highlight the complex regulatory interplay between SCF-type ligases and other ubiquitin ligases. We suggest six highly interconnected FBPs affecting multiple cancer hallmarks, which may prove sensible candidates for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne J Randle
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom
| | - Heike Laman
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
674
|
Non-HER2 signaling pathways activated in resistance to anti-HER2 therapy in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 153:493-505. [PMID: 26400847 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3578-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
HER2 receptor is overexpressed approximately in 20 % of human breast cancer (BC) and is a poor prognostic factor. Although therapies targeting this receptor have improved the prognosis of this cancer, up to 62 % patients treated with these drugs experiment progression during the first year of treatment. Some molecular mechanisms have been proposed to be responsible for this resistance, such as activation of alternative signaling pathways (through ERBB receptors and non-ERBB receptors or increased expression of ligands and alterations in HER2 signaling components). In this article, we will review the influence of genetic markers in non-HER2 signaling pathways investigated to date as cause of resistance to HER2-targeted drugs in HER2-positive BC patients. GRB7, included in the 17q12 amplicon, has been associated to poor prognosis in BC patients. Biomarkers like EPHAR and SRC, have demonstrated clinical relevance and prognostic value in HER2-positive BC patients. Non-invasive biomarkers, such as elevated IGF1 serum levels have been revealed as interesting biomarkers to be considered as predictors of trastuzumab clinical outcomes in BC patients. However, the prognostic value of most of the biomarkers investigated to date, such as HER3, IGF1R, PIK3CA, or AKT1 cannot be fully established yet, since results have not been conclusive.
Collapse
|
675
|
Acquired resistance to anti-EGFR mAb ICR62 in cancer cells is accompanied by an increased EGFR expression, HER-2/HER-3 signalling and sensitivity to pan HER blockers. Br J Cancer 2015; 113:1010-9. [PMID: 26372697 PMCID: PMC4651123 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an important target for cancer treatment. Currently, only the EGFR antibodies cetuximab and panitumumab are approved for the treatment of patients with colorectal cancer. However, a major clinical challenge is a short-term response owing to development of acquired resistance during the course of the treatment. METHODS In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying development of acquired resistance in DiFi colorectal cancer cells to the anti-EGFR mAb ICR62 (termed DiFi62) and to the small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) gefitinib (termed DiFiG) using a range of techniques. RESULTS Compared with the findings from parental DiFi and DiFiG cells, development of acquired resistance to anti-EGFR mAb ICR62 in DiFi62 cells was accompanied by an increase in cell surface EGFR and increased phosphorylation of HER-2 and HER-3. Interestingly, DiFi62 cells also acquired resistance to treatment with anti-EGFR mAbs cetuximab and ICR61, which bind to other distinct epitopes on the extracellular domain of EGFR, but these cells remained equally sensitive as the parental cells to treatment with pan-HER inhibitors such as afatinib. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide a novel mechanistic insight into the development of acquired resistance to EGFR antibody-based therapy in colorectal cancer cells and justify further investigations on the therapeutic benefits of pan-HER family inhibitors in the treatment of colorectal cancer patients once acquired resistance to EGFR antibody-based therapy is developed.
Collapse
|
676
|
Breast cancer dissemination promoted by a neuregulin-collagenase 3 signalling node. Oncogene 2015; 35:2756-65. [PMID: 26364598 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Advances in the treatment of breast cancer have resulted in increased survival. However, in the metastatic setting, the disease remains incurable. Therefore, understanding of the mechanisms that promote dissemination of breast cancer cells may favor the development of novel therapeutic strategies to fight those tumors. Here, we show that the ErbB ligands, Neuregulins (NRGs), promote metastatic dissemination of breast cancer cells by switching on a kinase-metalloproteinase network. Clinicopathological analyses demonstrated that NRG expression in breast tumors associated to lymph node invasion and poor patient outcome. Preclinical in vivo analyses showed that NRG expression favored in situ tumor growth, local spreading and metastatic dissemination. Genomic, biochemical and functional studies identified matrix metalloproteinases, particularly stromelysin 2 and collagenase 3, as key mediators of the NRG-induced dissemination properties of breast cancer cells. Mechanistic analyses demonstrated that NRG augmented metalloproteinase expression through a route controlled by ERK1/2 kinases. ERK1/2 increased collagenase 3 expression by controlling the activity of an SBF1-related transcription factor. In conclusion, we describe a pathway linked to breast cancer dissemination. The clinical availability of agents that target some of the components of this signalling pathway suggests that patients with tumors fed by NRGs or other factors able to activate the ERK-Collagenase 3 route may benefit from agents that act on that signalling axis.
Collapse
|
677
|
Chen DH, Zhang XS. Targeted therapy: resistance and re-sensitization. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2015; 34:496-501. [PMID: 26370727 PMCID: PMC4593385 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-015-0047-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The last two decades have witnessed a paradigm shift from cytotoxic drugs to targeted therapy in medical oncology and pharmaceutical innovation. Inspired by breakthroughs in molecular and cellular biology, a number of novel synthesized chemical compounds and recombinant antibodies have been developed to selectively target oncogenic signaling pathways in a broad array of tumor types. Although targeted therapeutic agents show impressive clinical efficacy and minimized adverse effects compared with traditional treatments, the challenging drug-resistant issue has also emerged to limit their benefits to cancer patients. In this regard, we aim to improve targeted therapy by presenting a systematic framework regarding the drug resistance mechanisms and alternative approaches to re-sensitize cancer cells/tissues therapeutically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Hong Chen
- Biomedical Research Institute, Yiling Pharmaceutical Company, Beijing, 102600, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao-Shi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
678
|
Missense Mutations in Exons 18-24 of EGFR in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Tissues. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:171845. [PMID: 26436086 PMCID: PMC4575985 DOI: 10.1155/2015/171845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor, plays important roles in various cancers. In nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), EGFR mutations cluster around the ATP-binding pocket (exons 18-21) and some of these mutations activate the kinase and induce an increased sensitivity to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Nevertheless, data of EGFR mutations in HCC are limited. In this study, we investigated EGFR expression by immunohistochemistry and EGFR mutations (exons 18-24) by PCR cloning and sequencing. EGFR overexpression in HCC and matched nontumor tissues were detected in 13/40 (32.5%) and 10/35 (28.6%), respectively. Moreover, missense and silent mutations were detected in 13/33 (39.4%) and 11/33 (33.3%) of HCC tissues, respectively. The thirteen different missense mutations were p.L730P, p.V742I, p.K757E, p.I780T, p.N808S, p.R831C, p.V851A, p.V897A, p.S912P, p.P937L, p.T940A, p.M947V, and p.M947T. We also found already known SNP, p.Q787Q (CAG>CAA), in 13/33 (39.4%) of HCC tissues. However, no significant association was detected between EGFR mutations and EGFR overexpression, tissue, age, sex, tumor size, AFP, HBsAg, TP53, and Ki-67. Further investigation is warranted to validate the frequency and activity of these missense mutations, as well as their roles in HCC tumorigenesis and in EGFR-targeted therapy.
Collapse
|
679
|
Lehmann A, Wixted JHF, Shapovalov MV, Roder H, Dunbrack RL, Robinson MK. Stability engineering of anti-EGFR scFv antibodies by rational design of a lambda-to-kappa swap of the VL framework using a structure-guided approach. MAbs 2015; 7:1058-71. [PMID: 26337947 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2015.1088618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Phage-display technology facilitates rapid selection of antigen-specific single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies from large recombinant libraries. ScFv antibodies, composed of a VH and VL domain, are readily engineered into multimeric formats for the development of diagnostics and targeted therapies. However, the recombinant nature of the selection strategy can result in VH and VL domains with sub-optimal biophysical properties, such as reduced thermodynamic stability and enhanced aggregation propensity, which lead to poor production and limited application. We found that the C10 anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) scFv, and its affinity mutant, P2224, exhibit weak production from E. coli. Interestingly, these scFv contain a fusion of lambda3 and lambda1 V-region (LV3 and LV1) genes, most likely the result of a PCR aberration during library construction. To enhance the biophysical properties of these scFvs, we utilized a structure-based approach to replace and redesign the pre-existing framework of the VL domain to one that best pairs with the existing VH. We describe a method to exchange lambda sequences with a more stable kappa3 framework (KV3) within the VL domain that incorporates the original lambda DE-loop. The resulting scFvs, C10KV3_LV1DE and P2224KV3_LV1DE, are more thermodynamically stable and easier to produce from bacterial culture. Additionally, C10KV3_LV1DE and P2224KV3_LV1DE retain binding affinity to EGFR, suggesting that such a dramatic framework swap does not significantly affect scFv binding. We provide here a novel strategy for redesigning the light chain of problematic scFvs to enhance their stability and therapeutic applicability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Lehmann
- a Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center , Philadelphia , PA.,b Current address: Biogen , Cambridge MA
| | | | - Maxim V Shapovalov
- a Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center , Philadelphia , PA
| | - Heinrich Roder
- a Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center , Philadelphia , PA
| | - Roland L Dunbrack
- a Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center , Philadelphia , PA
| | - Matthew K Robinson
- a Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center , Philadelphia , PA
| |
Collapse
|
680
|
Zalloum H, Tayyem R, Irmaileh BA, Bustanji Y, Zihlif M, Mohammad M, Rjai TA, Mubarak MS. Discovery of new human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) inhibitors for potential use as anticancer agents via ligand-based pharmacophore modeling. J Mol Graph Model 2015; 61:61-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
681
|
Surana S, Shenoy AR, Krishnan Y. Designing DNA nanodevices for compatibility with the immune system of higher organisms. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 10:741-7. [PMID: 26329110 PMCID: PMC4862568 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2015.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
DNA is proving to be a powerful scaffold to construct molecularly precise designer DNA devices. Recent trends reveal their ever-increasing deployment within living systems as delivery devices that not only probe but also program and re-program a cell, or even whole organisms. Given that DNA is highly immunogenic, we outline the molecular, cellular and organismal response pathways that designer nucleic acid nanodevices are likely to elicit in living systems. We address safety issues applicable when such designer DNA nanodevices interact with the immune system. In light of this, we discuss possible molecular programming strategies that could be integrated with such designer nucleic acid scaffolds to either evade or stimulate the host response with a view to optimizing and widening their applications in higher organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunaina Surana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, 60637 Illinois, USA
| | - Avinash R. Shenoy
- Section of Microbiology, Medical Research Council Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, Armstrong Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- ;
| | - Yamuna Krishnan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, 60637 Illinois, USA
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK-UAS, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India
- ;
| |
Collapse
|
682
|
Rocca A, Andreis D, Fedeli A, Maltoni R, Sarti S, Cecconetto L, Pietri E, Schirone A, Bravaccini S, Serra P, Farolfi A, Amadori D. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and clinical efficacy of pertuzumab in breast cancer therapy. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2015; 11:1647-63. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2015.1078311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
683
|
Leto SM, Sassi F, Catalano I, Torri V, Migliardi G, Zanella ER, Throsby M, Bertotti A, Trusolino L. Sustained Inhibition of HER3 and EGFR Is Necessary to Induce Regression of HER2-Amplified Gastrointestinal Carcinomas. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:5519-31. [PMID: 26296355 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-3066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Preclinical studies in HER2-amplified gastrointestinal cancer models have shown that cotargeting HER2 with a monoclonal antibody and a small molecule is superior to monotherapy with either inhibitor, but the underlying cooperative mechanisms remain unexplored. We investigated the molecular underpinnings of this synergy to identify key vulnerabilities susceptible to alternative therapeutic opportunities. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The phosphorylation/activation of HER2, HER3, EGFR (HER receptors), and downstream transducers was evaluated in HER2-overexpressing colorectal and gastric cancer cell lines by Western blotting and/or multiplex phosphoproteomics. The in vivo outcome of antibody-mediated HER2 blockade by trastuzumab, reversible HER2 inhibition by lapatinib, and irreversible HER2 inhibition by afatinib was assessed in patient-derived tumorgrafts and cell-line xenografts by monitoring tumor growth curves and by using antibody-based proximity assays. RESULTS Trastuzumab monotherapy reduced HER3 phosphorylation, with minor consequences on downstream transducers. Lapatinib alone acutely inhibited all HER receptors and effectors but led to delayed rephosphorylation of HER3 and EGFR and partial restoration of ERK and AKT activity. When combined with lapatinib, trastuzumab prevented HER3/EGFR reactivation and caused prolonged inhibition of ERK/AKT. Afatinib alone was also very effective in counteracting the reinstatement of HER3, EGFR, and downstream signaling activation. In vivo, the combination of trastuzumab and lapatinib-or, importantly, monotherapy with afatinib-resulted in overt tumor shrinkage. CONCLUSIONS Only prolonged inhibition of HER3 and EGFR, achievable by dual blockade with trastuzumab and lapatinib or irreversible HER2 inhibition by single-agent afatinib, led to regression of HER2-amplified gastrointestinal carcinomas. Clin Cancer Res; 21(24); 5519-31. ©2015 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta M Leto
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin Medical School, Turin, Italy. Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO IRCCS, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Sassi
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO IRCCS, Turin, Italy
| | - Irene Catalano
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin Medical School, Turin, Italy. Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO IRCCS, Turin, Italy
| | - Valter Torri
- Laboratory of Methodology for Biomedical Research, Oncology Department, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Migliardi
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin Medical School, Turin, Italy. Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO IRCCS, Turin, Italy
| | - Eugenia R Zanella
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin Medical School, Turin, Italy. Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO IRCCS, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Bertotti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin Medical School, Turin, Italy. Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO IRCCS, Turin, Italy. Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, INBB, Rome, Italy.
| | - Livio Trusolino
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin Medical School, Turin, Italy. Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO IRCCS, Turin, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
684
|
Madrid-Paredes A, Cañadas-Garre M, Sánchez-Pozo A, Calleja-Hernández MÁ. De novo resistance biomarkers to anti-HER2 therapies in HER2-positive breast cancer. Pharmacogenomics 2015; 16:1411-26. [PMID: 26257318 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.15.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapies targeting HER2 receptor, overexpressed in 20% breast cancer (BC), improved prognosis, however ~62% patients experiment progression during the first year. Molecular mechanisms proposed to be responsible for this de novo resistance include HER2 modifications, defects in the antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity or in cell arrest and apoptosis or alterations in HER2 signaling components. This article will review the influence of genetic markers investigated to date as cause of de novo resistance to HER2-targeted drugs in HER2-positive BC patients. Biomarkers like p95HER2, CCND1 and CDC25A have demonstrated clinical relevance and prognostic value in HER2-positive BC patients. However, the prognostic value of most biomarkers investigated to date, such as PIK3CA or AKT1, cannot be fully established yet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adela Madrid-Paredes
- Pharmacogenetics Unit, UGC Provincial de Farmacia de Granada, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Avda. Fuerzas Armadas, 2, 18014 Granada, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Marisa Cañadas-Garre
- Pharmacogenetics Unit, UGC Provincial de Farmacia de Granada, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Avda. Fuerzas Armadas, 2, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Sánchez-Pozo
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Calleja-Hernández
- Pharmacogenetics Unit, UGC Provincial de Farmacia de Granada, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Avda. Fuerzas Armadas, 2, 18014 Granada, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, s/n; 18071 Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
685
|
Zou X, Levy-Cohen G, Blank M. Molecular functions of NEDD4 E3 ubiquitin ligases in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2015; 1856:91-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
686
|
Farooqui M, Bohrer LR, Brady NJ, Chuntova P, Kemp SE, Wardwell CT, Nelson AC, Schwertfeger KL. Epiregulin contributes to breast tumorigenesis through regulating matrix metalloproteinase 1 and promoting cell survival. Mol Cancer 2015. [PMID: 26215578 PMCID: PMC4517352 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0408-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidermal growth factor (EGF) family of ligands has been implicated in promoting breast cancer initiation, growth and progression. The contributions of EGF family ligands and their receptors to breast cancer are complex, and the specific mechanisms through which different ligands regulate breast tumor initiation and growth are not well-defined. These studies focus on the EGF family member epiregulin (EREG) as a mediator of early stage breast tumorigenesis. METHODS EREG expression levels were assessed in both cell lines and human samples of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) using quantitative RT-PCR, ELISA and immunohistochemistry. Gene knock-down approaches using shRNA-based strategies were used to determine the requirement of EREG for growth of MCF10DCIS cells in vivo, and for identifying mechanisms through which EREG promotes tumor cell survival. Experiments were performed using a combination of two-dimensional culture, three-dimensional culture and tumor growth in vivo. RESULTS In comparison with other EGF family members, EREG was induced in MCF10DCIS cells compared with MCF10A and MCF10AT cells and its expression was partially regulated by fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) activity. Reduced EREG expression in MCF10DCIS cells led to decreased tumor growth in vivo, which was associated with reduced cell survival. Furthermore, treatment of MCF10A cells with exogenous EREG enhanced cell survival both in three-dimensional culture and in response to chemotherapeutic agents. Examination of EREG-induced signaling pathways demonstrated that EREG promoted survival of MCF10A cells through regulating expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1). To determine the relevance of these findings in human tumors, samples of DCIS were analyzed for EREG and MMP-1 expression. EREG was induced in DCIS lesions compared to normal breast epithelium, and EREG and MMP-1 were correlated in a subset of DCIS samples. CONCLUSIONS Together, these studies lead to identification of a novel pathway involving EREG and MMP-1 that contributes to the formation of early stage breast cancer. Understanding these complex pathways could ultimately lead to the development of novel biomarkers of neoplastic progression and/or new therapeutic strategies for patients with early stage cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Farooqui
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Laura R Bohrer
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Nicholas J Brady
- Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Pavlina Chuntova
- Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Sarah E Kemp
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - C Taylor Wardwell
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Andrew C Nelson
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Kathryn L Schwertfeger
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. .,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
687
|
Reardon DA, Wen PY, Mellinghoff IK. Targeted molecular therapies against epidermal growth factor receptor: past experiences and challenges. Neuro Oncol 2015; 16 Suppl 8:viii7-13. [PMID: 25342602 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has emerged as a highly attractive therapeutic target in glioblastoma (GBM) based on its high frequency of gene amplification and mutation and its identification as an upstream trigger of dysregulated cell signaling cascades that drive GBM pathophysiology. Extensive investment has been committed in an attempt to exploit EGFR therapeutically to improve outcome for GBM patients, including the development of a variety of EGFR-targeting therapeutics as well as the participation of hundreds of participants in multiple, carefully constructed clinical trials. In this review, we summarize the design and results of clinical trials evaluating EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in recurrent and newly diagnosed GBM patients. While overall results thus far have been disappointing, it is premature to discount EGFR as a therapeutic target in GBM on the basis of these studies given the limitations in study design and the pharmacology of first-generation EGFR kinase inhibitors. Although important lessons have been learned, critical questions remain unanswered and warrant further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A Reardon
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Patrick Y Wen
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ingo K Mellinghoff
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
688
|
Li C, Huang S, Armstrong EA, Francis DM, Werner LR, Sliwkowski MX, van der Kogel A, Harari PM. Antitumor Effects of MEHD7945A, a Dual-Specific Antibody against EGFR and HER3, in Combination with Radiation in Lung and Head and Neck Cancers. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:2049-59. [PMID: 26141946 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor family members (EGFR, HER2, HER3, and HER4) play important roles in tumorigenesis and response to cancer therapeutics. In this study, we evaluated the capacity of the dual-target antibody MEHD7945A that simultaneously targets EGFR and HER3 to modulate radiation response in lung and head and neck cancer models. Antitumor effects of MEHD7945A in combination with radiation were evaluated in cell culture and tumor xenograft models. Mechanisms that may contribute to increased radiation killing by MEHD7945A, including DNA damage and inhibition of EGFR-HER signaling pathways, were analyzed. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor xenografts was conducted to evaluate the effect of MEHD7945A in combination with radiation on tumor growth and microenvironment. MEHD7945A inhibited basal and radiation-induced EGFR and HER3 activation resulting in the inhibition of tumor cell growth and enhanced radiosensitivity. MEHD7945A was more effective in augmenting radiation response than treatment with individual anti-EGFR or anti-HER3 antibodies. An increase in DNA double-strand breaks associated γ-H2AX was observed in cells receiving combined treatment with MEHD7945A and radiation. Immunohistochemical staining evaluation in human tumor xenografts showed that MEHD7945A combined with radiation significantly reduced the expression of markers of tumor proliferation and tumor vasculature. These findings reveal the capacity of MEHD7945A to augment radiation response in lung and head and neck cancers. The dual EGFR/HER3-targeting action of MEHD7945A merits further investigation and clinical trial evaluation as a radiation sensitizer in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunrong Li
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Shyhmin Huang
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Eric A Armstrong
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - David M Francis
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Lauryn R Werner
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - Albert van der Kogel
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Paul M Harari
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.
| |
Collapse
|
689
|
Enomoto M, Kizawa D, Ohsawa S, Igaki T. JNK signaling is converted from anti- to pro-tumor pathway by Ras-mediated switch of Warts activity. Dev Biol 2015; 403:162-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
690
|
Analysis of the Role of the C-Terminal Tail in the Regulation of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:3083-102. [PMID: 26124280 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00248-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The ∼230-residue C-terminal tail of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is phosphorylated upon activation. We examined whether this phosphorylation is affected by deletions within the tail and whether the two tails in the asymmetric active EGFR dimer are phosphorylated differently. We monitored autophosphorylation in cells using flow cytometry and found that the first ∼80 residues of the tail are inhibitory, as demonstrated previously. The entire ∼80-residue span is important for autoinhibition and needs to be released from both kinases that form the dimer. These results are interpreted in terms of crystal structures of the inactive kinase domain, including two new ones presented here. Deletions in the remaining portion of the tail do not affect autophosphorylation, except for a six-residue segment spanning Tyr 1086 that is critical for activation loop phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of the two tails in the dimer is asymmetric, with the activator tail being phosphorylated somewhat more strongly. Unexpectedly, we found that reconstitution of the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of EGFR in vesicles leads to a peculiar phenomenon in which kinase domains appear to be trapped between stacks of lipid bilayers. This artifactual trapping of kinases between membranes enhances an intrinsic functional asymmetry in the two tails in a dimer.
Collapse
|
691
|
Duffy MJ, Walsh S, McDermott EW, Crown J. Biomarkers in Breast Cancer: Where Are We and Where Are We Going? Adv Clin Chem 2015; 71:1-23. [PMID: 26411409 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Biomarkers play an important role in the detection and management of patients with breast cancer. Thus, BRCA1/2 mutation testing is used for risk assessment in families with a high prevalence of breast and ovarian cancer. Following a diagnosis of breast cancer, measurement of multi-analyte profiles such as uPA/PAI-1 or Oncotype DX may be used for determining prognosis and identifying lymph node-negative patients who may be spared from having to receive adjuvant chemotherapy. Other -gene tests such as the PAM50 ROR, Breast Cancer Index, and EndoPredict have been reported to predict the development of late recurrences and thus may be of value in selecting patients for extended hormone therapy. Mandatory assays include estrogen receptors for identification of endocrine-sensitive cancers and HER2 in selecting patients for treatment with anti-HER2 therapy (e.g., trastuzumab, lapatinib, pertuzumab, and ado-trastuzumab emtansine). Finally, serum biomarkers such as CA 15-3 or CEA may be used in monitoring therapy in patients with advanced disease receiving systemic therapy. Promising new biomarkers undergoing evaluation include circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor-derived DNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Duffy
- UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; UCD Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Siun Walsh
- UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Enda W McDermott
- UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Crown
- Department of Medical Oncology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
692
|
Vicario R, Peg V, Morancho B, Zacarias-Fluck M, Zhang J, Martínez-Barriocanal Á, Navarro Jiménez A, Aura C, Burgues O, Lluch A, Cortés J, Nuciforo P, Rubio IT, Marangoni E, Deeds J, Boehm M, Schlegel R, Tabernero J, Mosher R, Arribas J. Patterns of HER2 Gene Amplification and Response to Anti-HER2 Therapies. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129876. [PMID: 26075403 PMCID: PMC4467984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A chromosomal region that includes the gene encoding HER2, a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), is amplified in 20% of breast cancers. Although these tumors tend to respond to drugs directed against HER2, they frequently become resistant and resume their malignant progression. Gene amplification in double minutes (DMs), which are extrachromosomal entities whose number can be dynamically regulated, has been suggested to facilitate the acquisition of resistance to therapies targeting RTKs. Here we show that ~30% of HER2-positive tumors show amplification in DMs. However, these tumors respond to trastuzumab in a similar fashion than those with amplification of the HER2 gene within chromosomes. Furthermore, in different models of resistance to anti-HER2 therapies, the number of DMs containing HER2 is maintained, even when the acquisition of resistance is concomitant with loss of HER2 protein expression. Thus, both clinical and preclinical data show that, despite expectations, loss of HER2 protein expression due to loss of DMs containing HER2 is not a likely mechanism of resistance to anti-HER2 therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Vicario
- Preclinical Oncology Program, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de la UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Vicente Peg
- Pathology Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Morancho
- Preclinical Oncology Program, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariano Zacarias-Fluck
- Preclinical Oncology Program, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Preclinical Oncology Program, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Águeda Martínez-Barriocanal
- Preclinical Oncology Program, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Claudia Aura
- Molecular Oncology Program, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Octavio Burgues
- Pathology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Lluch
- Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Cortés
- Clinical Oncology Program, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paolo Nuciforo
- Molecular Oncology Program, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel T. Rubio
- Clinical Oncology Program, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - James Deeds
- Novartis Oncology Translational Research, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States of America
| | - Markus Boehm
- Novartis Pharma AG, Postfach, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robert Schlegel
- Novartis Oncology Translational Research, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States of America
| | - Josep Tabernero
- Clinical Oncology Program, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rebecca Mosher
- Novartis Oncology Translational Research, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JA); (RM)
| | - Joaquín Arribas
- Preclinical Oncology Program, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de la UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail: (JA); (RM)
| |
Collapse
|
693
|
Larbouret C, Gaborit N, Poul MA, Pèlegrin A, Chardès T. [The HER3/ERBB3 receptor: the dark side of the ERBB planet]. Med Sci (Paris) 2015; 31:465-8. [PMID: 26059291 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20153105002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christel Larbouret
- IRCM, institut de recherche en cancérologie de Montpellier, 208, rue des Apothicaires, F-34298, Montpellier, France - Inserm U1194, F-34298, France - Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34090, Montpellier, France - Institut régional du cancer de Montpellier, F-34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Nadège Gaborit
- Department of biological regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israël
| | - Marie-Alix Poul
- IRCM, institut de recherche en cancérologie de Montpellier, 208, rue des Apothicaires, F-34298, Montpellier, France - Inserm U1194, F-34298, France - Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34090, Montpellier, France - Institut régional du cancer de Montpellier, F-34298, Montpellier, France
| | - André Pèlegrin
- IRCM, institut de recherche en cancérologie de Montpellier, 208, rue des Apothicaires, F-34298, Montpellier, France - Inserm U1194, F-34298, France - Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34090, Montpellier, France - Institut régional du cancer de Montpellier, F-34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Chardès
- IRCM, institut de recherche en cancérologie de Montpellier, 208, rue des Apothicaires, F-34298, Montpellier, France - Inserm U1194, F-34298, France - Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34090, Montpellier, France - Institut régional du cancer de Montpellier, F-34298, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
694
|
Shin WS, Na HW, Lee ST. Biphasic effect of PTK7 on KDR activity in endothelial cells and angiogenesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:2251-60. [PMID: 25986862 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7) is a member of the defective receptor protein tyrosine kinase family which lacks catalytic activity. Expression of PTK7 is increased in various cancers but its role in carcinogenesis is not well understood. We previously showed that disruption of PTK7 function suppresses VEGF-induced angiogenic phenotypes in HUVECs and mice. Here, we investigated molecular mechanisms for modulating VEGF-induced physiological effects by PTK7. Treatment with a high concentration of extracellular domain of PTK7 (soluble PTK7; sPTK7) or knockdown of PTK7 inhibited VEGF-induced phosphorylation of kinase insert domain receptor (KDR) but did not inhibit phosphorylation of fms-related tyrosine kinase 1 (FLT-1) in HUVECs. PTK7, more specifically sPTK7, interacted with KDR but not with FLT-1 in HUVECs and HEK293 cells. In vitro binding assay showed that sPTK7 formed oligomers with the extracellular domain of KDR (sKDR) up to an approximately 1:3 molar ratio, and vice versa. sPTK7 at lower molar ratios than sKDR enhanced the binding of VEGF to sKDR. At the same or higher molar ratios, it reduced the binding of VEGF to sKDR. Increasing concentrations of sPTK7 or increasing levels of PTK7 expression first increased and then decreased VEGF-induced KDR phosphorylation, migration, and capillary-like tube formation of HUVECs, as well as in vivo angiogenesis. Taken together, our data demonstrates that PTK7 regulates the activity of KDR biphasically by inducing oligomerization of KDR molecules at lower concentrations and by surrounding KDR molecules at higher concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Won-Sik Shin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Won Na
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Taek Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
695
|
Trono P, Di Modugno F, Circo R, Spada S, Di Benedetto A, Melchionna R, Palermo B, Matteoni S, Soddu S, Mottolese M, De Maria R, Nisticò P. hMENA(11a) contributes to HER3-mediated resistance to PI3K inhibitors in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells. Oncogene 2015; 35:887-96. [PMID: 25961924 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human Mena (hMENA), an actin regulatory protein of the ENA/VASP family, cooperates with ErbB receptor family signaling in breast cancer. It is overexpressed in high-risk preneoplastic lesions and in primary breast tumors where it correlates with HER2 overexpression and an activated status of AKT and MAPK. The concomitant overexpression of hMENA and HER2 in breast cancer patients is indicative of a worse prognosis. hMENA is expressed along with alternatively expressed isoforms, hMENA(11a) and hMENAΔv6 with opposite functions. A novel role for the epithelial-associated hMENA(11a) isoform in sustaining HER3 activation and pro-survival pathways in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells has been identified by reverse phase protein array and validated in vivo in a series of breast cancer tissues. As HER3 activation is crucial in mechanisms of cell resistance to PI3K inhibitors, we explored whether hMENA(11a) is involved in these resistance mechanisms. The specific hMENA(11a) depletion switched off the HER3-related pathway activated by PI3K inhibitors and impaired the nuclear accumulation of HER3 transcription factor FOXO3a induced by PI3K inhibitors, whereas PI3K inhibitors activated hMENA(11a) phosphorylation and affected its localization. At the functional level, we found that hMENA(11a) sustains cell proliferation and survival in response to PI3K inhibitor treatment, whereas hMENA(11a) silencing increases molecules involved in cancer cell apoptosis. As shown in three-dimensional cultures, hMENA(11a) contributes to resistance to PI3K inhibition because its depletion drastically reduced cell viability upon treatment with PI3K inhibitor BEZ235. Altogether, these results indicate that hMENA(11a) in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells sustains HER3/AKT axis activation and contributes to HER3-mediated resistance mechanisms to PI3K inhibitors. Thus, hMENA(11a) expression can be proposed as a marker of HER3 activation and resistance to PI3K inhibition therapies, to select patients who may benefit from these combined targeted treatments. hMENA(11a) activity could represent a new target for antiproliferative therapies in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Trono
- Laboratory of Immunology, Experimental Oncology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - F Di Modugno
- Laboratory of Immunology, Experimental Oncology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - R Circo
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - S Spada
- Laboratory of Immunology, Experimental Oncology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A Di Benedetto
- Department of Pathology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - R Melchionna
- Laboratory of Immunology, Experimental Oncology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - B Palermo
- Laboratory of Immunology, Experimental Oncology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - S Matteoni
- Experimental Oncology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - S Soddu
- Experimental Oncology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - M Mottolese
- Department of Pathology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - R De Maria
- Scientific Direction, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - P Nisticò
- Laboratory of Immunology, Experimental Oncology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
696
|
Interplay between receptor tyrosine kinases and hypoxia signaling in cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 62:101-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
697
|
Zaiss DMW, Gause WC, Osborne LC, Artis D. Emerging functions of amphiregulin in orchestrating immunity, inflammation, and tissue repair. Immunity 2015; 42:216-226. [PMID: 25692699 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 inflammatory responses can be elicited by diverse stimuli, including toxins, venoms, allergens, and infectious agents, and play critical roles in resistance and tolerance associated with infection, wound healing, tissue repair, and tumor development. Emerging data suggest that in addition to characteristic type 2-associated cytokines, the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like molecule Amphiregulin (AREG) might be a critical component of type 2-mediated resistance and tolerance. Notably, numerous studies demonstrate that in addition to the established role of epithelial- and mesenchymal-derived AREG, multiple leukocyte populations including mast cells, basophils, group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), and a subset of tissue-resident regulatory CD4(+) T cells can express AREG. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the AREG-EGF receptor pathway and its involvement in infection and inflammation and propose a model for the function of this pathway in the context of resistance and tissue tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar M W Zaiss
- Ashworth Laboratories, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK.
| | - William C Gause
- Department of Medicine, Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07101, USA.
| | - Lisa C Osborne
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in IBD, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - David Artis
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in IBD, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
698
|
Gross S, Rahal R, Stransky N, Lengauer C, Hoeflich KP. Targeting cancer with kinase inhibitors. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:1780-9. [PMID: 25932675 DOI: 10.1172/jci76094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinase inhibitors have played an increasingly prominent role in the treatment of cancer and other diseases. Currently, more than 25 oncology drugs that target kinases have been approved, and numerous additional therapeutics are in various stages of clinical evaluation. In this Review, we provide an in-depth analysis of activation mechanisms for kinases in cancer, highlight recent successes in drug discovery, and demonstrate the clinical impact of selective kinase inhibitors. We also describe the substantial progress that has been made in designing next-generation inhibitors to circumvent on-target resistance mechanisms, as well as ongoing strategies for combining kinase inhibitors in the clinic. Last, there are numerous prospects for the discovery of novel kinase targets, and we explore cancer immunotherapy as a new and promising research area for studying kinase biology.
Collapse
|
699
|
|
700
|
Rochette L, Guenancia C, Gudjoncik A, Hachet O, Zeller M, Cottin Y, Vergely C. Anthracyclines/trastuzumab: new aspects of cardiotoxicity and molecular mechanisms. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 36:326-48. [PMID: 25895646 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer drugs continue to cause significant reductions in left ventricular ejection fraction resulting in congestive heart failure. The best-known cardiotoxic agents are anthracyclines (ANTHs) such as doxorubicin (DOX). For several decades cardiotoxicity was almost exclusively associated with ANTHs, for which cumulative dose-related cardiac damage was the use-limiting step. Human epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor 2 (HER2; ErbB2) has been identified as an important target for breast cancer. Trastuzumab (TRZ), a humanized anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody, is currently recommended as first-line treatment for patients with metastatic HER2(+) tumors. The use of TRZ may be limited by the development of drug intolerance, such as cardiac dysfunction. Cardiotoxicity has been attributed to free-iron-based, radical-induced oxidative stress. Many approaches have been promoted to minimize these serious side effects, but they are still clinically problematic. A new approach to personalized medicine for cancer that involves molecular screening for clinically relevant genomic alterations and genotype-targeted treatments is emerging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luc Rochette
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-métaboliques (LPPCM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche 866, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie - Université de Bourgogne, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21033 Dijon, France.
| | - Charles Guenancia
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-métaboliques (LPPCM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche 866, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie - Université de Bourgogne, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21033 Dijon, France; Service de Cardiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bocage, Dijon, France
| | - Aurélie Gudjoncik
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-métaboliques (LPPCM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche 866, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie - Université de Bourgogne, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21033 Dijon, France; Service de Cardiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bocage, Dijon, France
| | - Olivier Hachet
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-métaboliques (LPPCM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche 866, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie - Université de Bourgogne, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21033 Dijon, France; Service de Cardiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bocage, Dijon, France
| | - Marianne Zeller
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-métaboliques (LPPCM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche 866, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie - Université de Bourgogne, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21033 Dijon, France
| | - Yves Cottin
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-métaboliques (LPPCM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche 866, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie - Université de Bourgogne, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21033 Dijon, France; Service de Cardiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bocage, Dijon, France
| | - Catherine Vergely
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-métaboliques (LPPCM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche 866, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie - Université de Bourgogne, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21033 Dijon, France
| |
Collapse
|