651
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Nam JS, Jang HL, Rhee YH. Antioxidant Activities and Phenolic Compounds of Several Tissues of Pawpaw (Asimina triloba [L.] Dunal) Grown in Korea. J Food Sci 2017; 82:1827-1833. [PMID: 28715604 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Pawpaw (Asimina triloba [L.] Dunal) possesses antioxidant compounds and strong inhibitors of cancer cells, and is widely cultivated in North America, Canada, and Korea. We analyzed the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents (TPC and TFC, respectively) of pawpaw plants grown in Korea and the antioxidant activities of their roots, twigs, leaves, and fruit with respect to 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, 2,2'-azino-bis diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, ferrous (Fe2+ ) chelating ability, and nitrite scavenging activity. Pearson's correlation analyses revealed a linear correlation between TPC and antioxidant activities (r2 >0.69). Root methanol extracts had higher TPC and antioxidant activities than other extracts, which was also consistent with those from the phenolic compounds found in those extracts. Therefore, antioxidant activities seem to depend on the TPC of each pawpaw tissue and pawpaw roots might be useful as a natural source of natural antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Sik Nam
- Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Suwon Women's Univ., 1098 Juseok-ro, Bongdam-eup, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi, 18333, Republic of Korea.,Food Analysis Research Center, Suwon Women's Univ., 1098 Juseok-ro, Bongdam-eup, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi, 18333, Republic of Korea.,Dept. of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National Univ., 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Lim Jang
- Food Analysis Research Center, Suwon Women's Univ., 1098 Juseok-ro, Bongdam-eup, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi, 18333, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ha Rhee
- Dept. of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National Univ., 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
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652
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Yan L, Zheng G. Comparing profiles and antioxidant properties of soluble and insoluble phenolics in Perilla frutescens
seed flour extracts obtained by different extraction/hydrolysis methods. Int J Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Yan
- National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Forest Chemical Industry; Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF; Nanjing Jiangsu 210042 China
| | - Guangyao Zheng
- National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Forest Chemical Industry; Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF; Nanjing Jiangsu 210042 China
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653
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Antioxidant Properties of Crude Extract, Partition Extract, and Fermented Medium of Dendrobium sabin Flower. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:2907219. [PMID: 28761496 PMCID: PMC5518487 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2907219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidant properties of crude extract, partition extract, and fermented medium from Dendrobium sabin (DS) flower were investigated. The oven-dried DS flower was extracted using 100% methanol (w/v), 100% ethanol (w/v), and 100% water (w/v). The 100% methanolic crude extract showed the highest total phenolic content (40.33 ± mg GAE/g extract) and the best antioxidant properties as shown by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. A correlation relationship between antioxidant activity and total phenolic content showed that phenolic compounds were the dominant antioxidant components in this flower extract. The microbial fermentation on DS flower medium showed a potential in increasing the phenolic content and DPPH scavenging activity. The TPC of final fermented medium showed approximately 18% increment, while the DPPH of fermented medium increased significantly to approximately 80% at the end of the fermentation. Dendrobium sabin (DS) flower showed very good potential properties of antioxidant in crude extract and partition extract as well as better antioxidant activity in the flower fermented medium.
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654
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Kishore L, Kaur N, Singh R. Bacosine isolated from aerial parts of Bacopa monnieri improves the neuronal dysfunction in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic neuropathy. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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655
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Barreira L, Resek E, Rodrigues MJ, Rocha MI, Pereira H, Bandarra N, da Silva MM, Varela J, Custódio L. Halophytes: Gourmet food with nutritional health benefits? J Food Compost Anal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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656
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Daliri EBM, Oh DH, Lee BH. Bioactive Peptides. Foods 2017; 6:E32. [PMID: 28445415 PMCID: PMC5447908 DOI: 10.3390/foods6050032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased consumer awareness of the health promoting effects of functional foods and nutraceuticals is the driving force of the functional food and nutraceutical market. Bioactive peptides are known for their high tissue affinity, specificity and efficiency in promoting health. For this reason, the search for food-derived bioactive peptides has increased exponentially. Over the years, many potential bioactive peptides from food have been documented; yet, obstacles such as the need to establish optimal conditions for industrial scale production and the absence of well-designed clinical trials to provide robust evidence for proving health claims continue to exist. Other important factors such as the possibility of allergenicity, cytotoxicity and the stability of the peptides during gastrointestinal digestion would need to be addressed. This review discusses our current knowledge on the health effects of food-derived bioactive peptides, their processing methods and challenges in their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Banan-Mwine Daliri
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
| | - Deog H Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
| | - Byong H Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada.
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657
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Nguyen TTK, Laosinwattana C, Teerarak M, Pilasombut K. Potential antioxidant and lipid peroxidation inhibition of Phyllanthus acidus leaf extract in minced pork. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2017; 30:1323-1331. [PMID: 28423872 PMCID: PMC5582289 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study investigated the effect of extraction solvents on antioxidant bio-active compounds as well as potential antioxidant and lipid peroxidation inhibition of Phyllanthus acidus (P. acidus) leaf extract in minced pork. Methods The effect of various solvent systems of water, 25%, 50%, 75% (v/v) ethanol in water and absolute ethanol on the extraction crude yield, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and in vitro antioxidant activities of P. acidus leaves was determined. In addition, antioxidant activities of the addition of crude extract from P. aciuds leaves at 2.5 and 5 g/kg in minced pork on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical cation decolorization, reducing power and inhibition of lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; TBARS) were determined. Moreover, sensory evaluation of the samples was undertaken by using a 7-point hedonic scale. Results The results showed that the highest crude yield (2.8 g/100 g dry weight) was obtained from water which also had the highest recovery yield for total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and the strongest antioxidant activity. The addition of crude water extract from P. acidus leaves was more effective in retarding lipid peroxidation and higher antioxidant activity than control and butylated hydroxytoluene in minced pork. In particular, the samples containing P. acidus extract had no significant effect on the sensory scores of overall appearance, color, odor, texture, flavor, and overall acceptability compared to the control. Conclusion Water solvent was an optimally appropriate solvent for P. acidus leaf extraction because of its ability to yield the highest amount of bio-active compounds and in vitro antioxidant property. Particularly, P. acidus crude water extract also strongly expressed the capacity to retard lipid oxidation, radical scavenging, radical cation decolorization and reducing power in minced pork. The results of this study indicated that P. acidus leaf extract could be used as natural antioxidant in the pork industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuyen Thi Kim Nguyen
- Department of Plant Production Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Chamroon Laosinwattana
- Department of Plant Production Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Montinee Teerarak
- Department of Plant Production Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Komkhae Pilasombut
- Department of Animal Production Technology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
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658
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GC-MS Based Metabolite Profiling, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Different Solvent Extracts of Malaysian Plectranthus amboinicus Leaves. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:1517683. [PMID: 28424737 PMCID: PMC5382359 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1517683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates the phytochemistry, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects of Plectranthus amboinicus leaves extracted in different solvents. The methanol extract contained the highest total phenolic (94.37 ± 1.24 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid contents (26.90 ± 1.35 mg RE/g) and exhibited the highest DPPH scavenging activity (90.13 ± 3.32%) followed by the acetone extract (80.23 ± 3.26%) at 500 μg/mL concentration. Similarly, the highest ferric ion reduction potential (849.63 ± 30.95 μM of Fe (II)/g dry weight) was exhibited by the methanol extract followed by the acetone extract (695.92 ± 25.44 μM of Fe (II)/g dry weight). The methanol extract showed greater antimicrobial activity against all the tested pathogens (Bacillus subtilis, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans). However, both hexane and acetone extracts failed to inhibit E. coli. S. aureus and C. albicans were more susceptible to all the extracts. Further, GC-MS analysis confirmed the occurrence of a total 46 phytocompounds in different solvent extracts. Some of the major compounds included carvacrol (37.7%), tetracontane (16.6%), squalene (15.6%), tetrapentacontane (13.7%), and Phytol (12.9%). In conclusion, extraction solvents influenced the recovery of phytocompounds and the highest pharmacological activities of the methanol extract could be correlated to the presence of additional bioactive compounds.
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659
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Butorová L, Polovka M, Pořízka J, Vítová E. Multi-experimental characterization of selected medical plants growing in the Czech Republic. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-017-0154-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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660
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Singh J, Kanaujia R, Srivastava AK, Dixit GP, Singh NP. Genetic variability for iron and zinc as well as antinutrients affecting bioavailability in black gram ( Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper). JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017; 54:1035-1042. [PMID: 28303054 PMCID: PMC5336462 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2548-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The mineral content of pulses is generally high, but the bioavailability is poor due to the presence of phytate and polyphenols which inhibits Fe absorption. In the present study, the genetic variability and heritability for seed Fe and Zn content was studied. The effect of genotypes was significant for all the quality traits indicating presence of enough variability among the blackgram genotypes for the traits. The Fe content in 26 blackgram genotypes ranged from 71.02 to 100.20 ppm, whereas Zn content ranged from 18.93 to 60.58 ppm. Maximum Fe as well as Zn was recorded in genotype SHEKHAR 2 (100.2 and 60.58 ppm respectively). The Phytic acid and polyphenol content among genotypes varied significantly and it ranged from 0.06-0.37% to 5.88-9.03 mg/g, respectively. High phytic acid content was recorded in black gram genotypes COBG 653, Nodai Urd, NP 03 and PKG U 03, whereas high polyphenol content was recorded in PU 31, IPU 99-200, PDU 1 and YAKUBPUR 2. Blackgram genotype COBG 653 had high phytic acid but low polyphenol content. The genotype × year interaction was significant for all the traits under study which indicates differential reaction to the expression of quality characters over years. Fe content in blackgram genotypes showed significant positive phenotypic correlation with Zn content while at genotypic level in addition to Zn, it showed positive correlation with phytic acid and polyphenol content as well. This indicates that although the traits are genotypically correlated, the expression is masked by the environmental influence. This is further exhibited from low heritability estimates for phytic acid and polyphenol content among the genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdish Singh
- Division of Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, UP 208 024 India
| | - Rajani Kanaujia
- Division of Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, UP 208 024 India
| | - A. K. Srivastava
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, UP 208 024 India
| | - G. P. Dixit
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, UP 208 024 India
| | - N. P. Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, UP 208 024 India
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661
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Widowati I, Zainuri M, Kusumaningrum HP, Susilowati R, Hardivillier Y, Leignel V, Bourgougnon N, Mouget JL. Antioxidant activity of three microalgae Dunaliella salina, Tetraselmis chuii and Isochrysis galbana clone Tahiti. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/55/1/012067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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662
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Oliveira AP, Andrade GF, Mateó BSO, Naozuka J. Protein and Metalloprotein Distribution in Different Varieties of Beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.): Effects of Cooking. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2017; 2017:5957178. [PMID: 28326316 PMCID: PMC5343270 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5957178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are among the main sources of protein and minerals. The cooking of the grains is imperative, due to reduction of the effect of some toxic and antinutritional substances, as well as increase of protein digestibility. In this study, the effects of cooking on albumins, globulins, prolamins, and glutelins concentration and determination of Fe associated with proteins for different beans varieties and on phaseolin concentration in common and black beans were evaluated. Different extractant solutions (water, NaCl, ethanol, and NaOH) were used for extracting albumins, globulins, prolamins, and glutelins, respectively. For the phaseolin separation NaOH, HCl, and NaCl were used. The total concentration of proteins was determined by Bradford method; Cu and Fe associated with phaseolin and other proteins were obtained by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry and by flame atomic absorption spectrometry, respectively. Cooking promoted a negative effect on (1) the proteins concentrations (17 (glutelin) to 95 (albumin) %) of common beans and (2) phaseolin concentration (90%) for common and black beans. Fe associated with albumin, prolamin, and glutelin was not altered. In Fe and Cu associated with phaseolin there was an increase of 20 and 37% for the common and black varieties, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline P. Oliveira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Bianca S. O. Mateó
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Naozuka
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
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663
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Quispe-Fuentes I, Vega-Gálvez A, Campos-Requena VH. Antioxidant Compound Extraction from Maqui (Aristotelia chilensis [Mol] Stuntz) Berries: Optimization by Response Surface Methodology. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017. [PMCID: PMC5384173 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Issis Quispe-Fuentes
- Department of Food Engineering, University La Serena, Raúl Bitrán 1305, Box 599, La Serena, Chile;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-51-233-4808
| | - Antonio Vega-Gálvez
- Department of Food Engineering, University La Serena, Raúl Bitrán 1305, Box 599, La Serena, Chile;
| | - Víctor H. Campos-Requena
- Department of Polymers, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, University of Concepcion, Edmundo Larenas 129, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile;
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664
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Bunalema L, Fotso GW, Waako P, Tabuti J, Yeboah SO. Potential of Zanthoxylum leprieurii as a source of active compounds against drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:89. [PMID: 28148252 PMCID: PMC5289037 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1602-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is still a global health problem mainly due to development of resistance and co-infection with the Human immune Virus (HIV). Treatment of multi and extensively drug resistant TB requires use of second line drugs which are less efficacious, expensive and very toxic. This has necessitated a need to search for new treatment regimens especially from medicinal plants. Zanthoxylum leprieurii, a plant species from Rutaceae is used locally in the treatment of tuberculosis in Uganda. The aim of the study was to isolate, identify and characterize bio active compounds from Z. leprieurii stem bark with antimycobacterial activity. METHODS Crude extracts, fractions and compounds from air dried stem bark of Z. leprieurii were tested against pan sensitive (H37rv), isoniazid resistant (TMC 301) and rifampicin resistant (TMC 331) strains of M. tuberculosis using micro plate alamar blue assay. Isolation of active compounds was done by using column chromatography and thin layer chromatography. They were analysed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy. RESULTS The methanol extract had minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 47.5, 75.3 and 125.0 μg/ml on the pan sensitive strain, rifampicin resistant and isozianid resistant strains of M. tuberculosis respectively. The chloroform extract had MIC values of 260 μg/ml agnaist the pan sensitive strain and 156 μg/ml on the rifampicin resistant strain. Of the sixteen fractions from the methanol extract, fraction Za4 (MIC = 6.3 μg/mL, 23.0 μg/mL, 11.7 μg/mL) and Za6 (MIC = 11.7 μg/mL 31.2 μg/ml, 31.2 μg/ml) were the most active. Three acridone alkaloids; hydroxy-1, 3-dimethoxy-10-methyl-9-acridone (1), 1-hydroxy-3-methoxy-10-methyl-9-acridone (2) and 3-hydroxy-1, 5, 6-trimethoxy-9-acridone (3) were isolated from Za4 and Za6. The MIC of compound 3 was found to be 5.1 μg/ml, 4.5 μg/ml and 3.9 μg/ml on H37rv, TMC 331 and TMC 301 while that of 1 was found to be 1.5 μg/ml, 8.3 μg/ml and 3.5 μg/ml respectively. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that Z. leprieurii is active on resistant strains of M. tuberculosis and could be a potential source of new leads against resistant tuberculosis. It also verifies the local use of the plant in treatment of tuberculosis.
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665
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Filip S, Pavlić B, Vidović S, Vladić J, Zeković Z. Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Polyphenolic Compounds from Ocimum basilicum by Response Surface Methodology. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-0792-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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666
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Abstract
We investigated the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of different forms (local names:muraandchora) of turmeric(Curcuma longa)from the Khulna and Chittagong divisions of Bangladesh for their antioxidant properties and polyphenol, flavonoid, tannin, and ascorbic acid contents. The antioxidant activity was determined using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical-scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) values. The ethanolic extract of Chittagong’s mura contained the highest concentrations of polyphenols (16.07%), flavonoids (9.66%), and ascorbic acid (0.09 mg/100 g) and chora resulted in high yields (17.39%). The ethanolic extract of Khulna’s mura showed a higher DPPH radical-scavenging activity with the lowest 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) (1.08 μg/mL), while Khulna’s chora had the highest FRAP value (4204.46±74.48 μM Fe[II]per 100 g). Overall, the ethanolic extract had higher antioxidant properties than those in the aqueous extract. However, the tannin concentration was lower in the ethanolic extract. We conclude that the turmeric varieties investigated in this study are useful sources of natural antioxidants, which confer significant protection against free radical damage.
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667
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Uysal S, Aktumsek A, Picot CMN, Sahan A, Mollica A, Zengin G, Fawzi Mahomoodally M. A comparative in vitro and in silico study of the biological potential and chemical fingerprints of Dorcycinum pentapyllum subsp. haussknechtii using three extraction procedures. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj03497k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ethyl acetate, methanol, and water extracts prepared by maceration, Soxhlet, and ultrasonication were profiled and studied using in vitro and in silico methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sengul Uysal
- Department of Biology
- Faculty of Science
- Selcuk University
- Campus/Konya
- Turkey
| | | | - Carene M. N. Picot
- Department of Health Sciences
- Faculty of Science
- University of Mauritius
- Réduit
- Mauritius
| | - Alime Sahan
- Department of Biology
- Faculty of Science
- Selcuk University
- Campus/Konya
- Turkey
| | - Adriano Mollica
- Department of Pharmacy University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara
- Chieti
- Italy
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology
- Faculty of Science
- Selcuk University
- Campus/Konya
- Turkey
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668
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Impact of Different Extraction Solvents on Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity from the Root of Salacia chinensis L. J FOOD QUALITY 2017. [DOI: 10.1155/2017/9305047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to study the impact of selected common organic solvents on extractable solids, phytochemical composition, and antioxidant capacity of S. chinensis. The results showed that the tested solvents played an important role in extraction of total solid and phytochemical composition as well as antioxidant capacity of S. chinensis. Acetone (50% v/v) was found to be the optimal extraction solvent for extractable solids (12.2%), phenolic compounds (60 mg GAE/g DW), flavonoids (100 mg CE/g DW), proanthocyanidins (47.4 mg CE/g DW), and saponins (754 mg EE/g DW) as well as antioxidant capacity (ABTS 334 mM TE/g DW, DPPH 470 mM TE/g DW, FRAP 347 mM TE/g DW, and CUPRAC 310 mM TE/g DW). The extract prepared from 50% acetone had high levels of bioactive compounds (TPC 555 mg GAE/g CRE, flavonoids 819 mg CE/g CRE, proanthocyanidins 392 mg CE/g CRE, and saponins 1,880 mg EE/g CRE) as well as antioxidant capacity (ABTS 414 mM TE/g, DPPH 407 mM TE/g, FRAP 320 mg TE/g, and CUPRAC 623 mM TE/g), thus further confirming that 50% acetone is the solvent of choice. Therefore, 50% acetone is recommended for extraction of phenolic compounds, their secondary metabolites, saponins, and antioxidant capacity from the root of S. chinensis for further isolation and utilisation.
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669
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Gerolis LGL, Lameiras FS, Krambrock K, Neves MJ. Effect of gamma radiation on antioxidant capacity of green tea, yerba mate, and chamomile tea as evaluated by different methods. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2016.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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670
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Felhi S, Baccouch N, Ben Salah H, Smaoui S, Allouche N, Gharsallah N, Kadri A. Nutritional constituents, phytochemical profiles, in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of various solvent extracts from grape seeds ( Vitis vinifera L.). Food Sci Biotechnol 2016; 25:1537-1544. [PMID: 30263442 PMCID: PMC6049225 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-016-0238-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study revealed that the nutritive value of grape seeds (Vitis vinifera L.) was 383.55±0.13 Kcal/100 g, with magnesium as the most abundant mineral element (70.44±0.88 mg/L). The maximum phenolic (392.58±1.70mg of GAE/g), flavonoid (256.16±1.60 mg of QE/g), and tannin (30.95±0.17mg of CE/g) contents were also found in the ethanol, dichloromethane, and hexane extracts, respectively. The major phytochemical compounds in the ethyl acetate extract were identified via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The ethanol extract has the highest antioxidant activity (IC50=140±1.20 μg/mL for DPPH, 145.28±0.45mg α-tocopherol/g for total antioxidant capacity, and EC50=80±1.41 μg/mL for ferric-reducing power assays). For β-carotene test, the highest antioxidant activity was obtained in the hexane extract. A satisfactory antimicrobial activity was found against a panel of microorganisms with the ethyl acetate extract as the best antimicrobial agent. Additionally, it was found that the bactericidal concentration required for the grape seed extract to kill Listeria monocytogenes should be less than 12.50 mg/mL (minimum inhibitory concentration=4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Felhi
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, Sfax 1171, 3000 Tunisia
| | - Noura Baccouch
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Substances, University of Sfax, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Sfax 1171, 3000 Tunisia
| | - Hichem Ben Salah
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Substances, University of Sfax, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Sfax 1171, 3000 Tunisia
| | - Slim Smaoui
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Biomolecules of the Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sfax 1177, 3018 Tunisia
| | - Noureddine Allouche
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Substances, University of Sfax, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Sfax 1171, 3000 Tunisia
| | - Néji Gharsallah
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, Sfax 1171, 3000 Tunisia
| | - Adel Kadri
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, Sfax 1171, 3000 Tunisia
- College of Science and Arts in Baljurashi, Al Baha University, Al Baha, 1988 Saudi Arabia
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671
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Safdar MN, Kausar T, Jabbar S, Mumtaz A, Ahad K, Saddozai AA. Extraction and quantification of polyphenols from kinnow (Citrus reticulate L.) peel using ultrasound and maceration techniques. J Food Drug Anal 2016; 25:488-500. [PMID: 28911634 PMCID: PMC9328816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
An investigation was carried out to extract polyphenols from the peel of kinnow (Citrus reticulate L.) by maceration and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) techniques. The antioxidant potential of these polyphenols was evaluated using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and superoxide radical scavenging assays; and their antimicrobial activity was assessed against bacterial strains Staphyloccoccus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Salmonella typhimurium. The highest extraction yield was obtained through the solvent ethanol at 80% concentration level, whereas UAE was a more efficient technique and yielded comparatively higher polyphenol contents than maceration. Maximum polyphenols were extracted with 80% methanol [32.48 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g extract] using UAE, whereas minimum phenolics (8.64 mg GAE/g extract) were obtained with 80% ethyl acetate through the maceration technique. Elevated antioxidant activity of kinnow peel extracts was exhibited in three antioxidant assays, where 80% methanolic extracts showed the highest antioxidant activity (27.67 ± 1.11mM/100 g for FRAP) and the highest scavenging activity, 72.83 ± 0.65% and 64.80 ± 0.91% for DPPH and superoxide anion radical assays, respectively. Strong correlations between total polyphenols and antioxidant activity were recorded. Eleven phenolic compounds—including five phenolic acids and six flavonoids—were identified and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography. Ferulic acid and hesperidin were the most abundant compounds whereas caffeic acid was the least abundant phenolic compound in kinnow peel extracts. Maximum inhibition zone was recorded against S. aureus (16.00 ± 0.58 mm) whereas minimum inhibition zone was noted against S. typhimurium (9.00 ± 1.16 mm). It was concluded that kinnow mandarin peels, being a potential source of phenolic compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, may be used as an ingredient for the preparation of functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad N Safdar
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan; Food Science and Product Development Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Tusneem Kausar
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Saqib Jabbar
- Food Science and Product Development Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amer Mumtaz
- Food Science and Product Development Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Karam Ahad
- Ecotoxicology Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ambreen A Saddozai
- Food Science and Product Development Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
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672
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Nakamura M, Ra JH, Jee Y, Kim JS. Impact of different partitioned solvents on chemical composition and bioavailability of Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai leaf extract. J Food Drug Anal 2016; 25:316-326. [PMID: 28911673 PMCID: PMC9332518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The leaves of Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai were extracted with 80% ethanol and further partitioned with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and aqueous fractions to evaluate the biological activity through assessment via various in vitro assays, including total phenol content; 1,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazothiazoline-6-sulfornic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging; reducing power; α-glucosidase and tyrosinase inhibitory; and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity assays. The highest activity was found in the ethyl acetate fraction for all assays and showed stronger DPPH radical scavenging, reducing power, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity than the positive controls (butylated hydroxytoluene, α-tocopherol, and arbutin, respectively). When compared to the ethyl acetate fraction, the n-butanol fraction had lower rates, but it still demonstrated relatively high activity. The activity of the n-hexane fraction was high for DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity and contained significant amounts of phenol content, whereas the chloroform fraction possessed the highest reducing power, tyrosinase inhibitory, and ADH and ALDH activity, despite having the lowest phenol content when compared to the other fractions. These findings clearly indicate that S. quelpaertensis Nakai leaves can be a good natural source of antioxidants and tyrosinase inhibitors, as well as ADH and ALDH activity inducers, suggesting that may have potential for treating various diseases and improving human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Nakamura
- College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Ra
- College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngheun Jee
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Sung Kim
- College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Subtropical Agriculture and Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
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673
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Dhanani T, Singh R, Kumar S. Extraction optimization of gallic acid, (+)-catechin, procyanidin-B2, (-)-epicatechin, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, and (-)-epicatechin gallate: their simultaneous identification and quantification in Saraca asoca. J Food Drug Anal 2016; 25:691-698. [PMID: 28911654 PMCID: PMC9328815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present investigation was to optimize extraction conditions for maximum recovery of bioactive phenolics from different parts of Saraca asoca. Extraction recovery was optimized using a mixture of methanol and water in different proportions. For identification and quantification of six analytes, a rapid reversed phase ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) photo diode array detection method was developed. UPLC separation was achieved in a gradient elution mode on a C18 column with acetonitrile and aqueous phosphoric acid (0.1%, pH = 2.5). Extraction solvent for maximum recovery of analytes varied depending on the nature of matrices. The developed UPLC method was validated in accordance with International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines. Wide linearity range, sensitivity, accuracy, short retention time, and simple mobile phase composition implied that the method could be suitable for routine analysis of all six analytes with high precision and accuracy. The uniqueness of this study is the determination of the distribution of these compounds in the various parts of S. asoca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Dhanani
- ICAR-Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, Boriavi-387310, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Raghuraj Singh
- ICAR-Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, Boriavi-387310, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Satyanshu Kumar
- ICAR-Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, Boriavi-387310, Anand, Gujarat, India.
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674
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Weerawatanakorn M, Pan MH. Phytochemical components ofCarissa carandasand the inhibitory effects of fruit juice on inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. J Food Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monthana Weerawatanakorn
- Department of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment; Naresuan University; Phitsanulok 65000 Thailand
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan 10617
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources; Comprehensive Utilization and Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang Normal University; Huanggang Hubei China
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675
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Minh TN, Khang DT, Tuyen PT, Minh LT, Anh LH, Quan NV, Ha PTT, Quan NT, Toan NP, Elzaawely AA, Xuan TD. Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Phalaenopsis Orchid Hybrids. Antioxidants (Basel) 2016; 5:E31. [PMID: 27649250 PMCID: PMC5039580 DOI: 10.3390/antiox5030031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phalaenopsis spp. is the most commercially and economically important orchid, but their plant parts are often left unused, which has caused environmental problems. To date, reports on phytochemical analyses were most available on endangered and medicinal orchids. The present study was conducted to determine the total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts prepared from leaves and roots of six commercial hybrid Phalaenopsis spp. Leaf extracts of "Chian Xen Queen" contained the highest total phenolics with a value of 11.52 ± 0.43 mg gallic acid equivalent per g dry weight and the highest total flavonoids (4.98 ± 0.27 mg rutin equivalent per g dry weight). The antioxidant activity of root extracts evaluated by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging assay and β-carotene bleaching method was higher than those of the leaf extracts. Eleven phenolic compounds were identified, namely, protocatechuic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, vanillin, ferulic acid, sinapic acid, p-coumaric acid, benzoic acid, and ellagic acid. Ferulic, p-coumaric and sinapic acids were concentrated largely in the roots. The results suggested that the root extracts from hybrid Phalaenopsis spp. could be a potential source of natural antioxidants. This study also helps to reduce the amount of this orchid waste in industrial production, as its roots can be exploited for pharmaceutical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truong Ngoc Minh
- Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan.
| | - Do Tan Khang
- Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan.
| | - Phung Thi Tuyen
- Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan.
| | - Luong The Minh
- Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan.
| | - La Hoang Anh
- Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan.
| | - Nguyen Van Quan
- Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan.
| | - Pham Thi Thu Ha
- Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan.
| | - Nguyen Thanh Quan
- Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan.
| | - Nguyen Phu Toan
- Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan.
| | | | - Tran Dang Xuan
- Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan.
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676
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Chua LS. Untargeted MS-based small metabolite identification from the plant leaves and stems of Impatiens balsamina. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 106:16-22. [PMID: 27135814 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The identification of plant metabolites is very important for the understanding of plant physiology including plant growth, development and defense mechanism, particularly for herbal medicinal plants. The metabolite profile could possibly be used for future drug discovery since the pharmacological activities of the indigenous herbs have been proven for centuries. An untargeted mass spectrometric approach was used to identify metabolites from the leaves and stems of Impatiens balsamina using LC-DAD-MS/MS. The putative compounds are mostly from the groups of phenolic, organic and amino acids which are essential for plant growth and as intermediates for other compounds. Alanine appeared to be the main amino acid in the plant because many alanine derived metabolites were detected. There are also several secondary metabolites from the groups of benzopyrones, benzofuranones, naphthoquinones, alkaloids and flavonoids. The widely reported bioactive components such as kaempferol, quercetin and their glycosylated, lawsone and its derivatives were detected in this study. The results also revealed that aqueous methanol could extract flavonoids better than water, and mostly, flavonoids were detected from the leaf samples. The score plots of component analysis show that there is a minor variance in the metabolite profiles of water and aqueous methanolic extracts with 21.5 and 30.5% of the total variance for the first principal component at the positive and negative ion modes, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Suan Chua
- Metabolites Profiling Laboratory, Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Skudai, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Skudai, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
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677
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Fu ZF, Tu ZC, Zhang L, Wang H, Wen QH, Huang T. Antioxidant activities and polyphenols of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) leaves extracted with solvents of various polarities. FOOD BIOSCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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678
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Elisha IL, Dzoyem JP, McGaw LJ, Botha FS, Eloff JN. The anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activity and relationships with total phenolics and total flavonoids of nine South African plants used traditionally to treat arthritis. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:307. [PMID: 27554099 PMCID: PMC4995646 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1301-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress predisposes the human and animal body to diseases like cancer, diabetes, arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis and chronic inflammatory disorders. Hence, this study seeks to determine the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities of acetone leaf extracts of nine South African medicinal plants that have been used traditionally to treat arthritis and inflammation. METHODS The anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts was determined by investigating inhibition of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide activated RAW 264.7 macrophages as well as 15-lipoxygenase enzyme inhibition. An anti-protein denaturation assay was used to determine the anti-arthritic properties of the extracts. The antioxidant activity was determined using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assays and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The total phenolic and total flavonoid concentration of extracts were determined by using standard methods. RESULTS All extracts inhibited nitric oxide production in a dose-dependent manner in the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Extracts of Maesa lanceolata and Heteromorpha arborescens inhibited NO production by 99.16 % and 89.48 % at a concentration of 30 μg/ml respectively. Elaeodendron croceum and Calpurnia aurea extracts had strong activity against 15-lipoxygenase activity with IC50 values of 26.23 and 34.70 μg/ml respectively. Morus mesozygia and Heteromorpha arborescens extracts had good in vitro anti-arthritic activity with IC50 values of 11.89 and 53.78 μg/ml, the positive control diclofenac sodium had IC50 value of 32.37 μg/ml. The free radical scavenging activity of the extracts in DPPH assays ranged between 7.72 and 154.77 μg/ml. Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and FRAP values ranged from 0.06 to 1.32 and 0.06 to 0.99 respectively. CONCLUSIONS Results from this study support the traditional use of the selected medicinal plants in the management of arthritis and other inflammatory conditions. The free radical scavenging capacity of the extracts may be related to an immune boosting potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishaku Leo Elisha
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110 Pretoria, South Africa
- Permanent address: Drug Development Section, Biochemistry Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, P.M.B 01, Vom-Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Jean-Paul Dzoyem
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110 Pretoria, South Africa
- Permanent address: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Lyndy Joy McGaw
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110 Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Francien S. Botha
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110 Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jacobus Nicolaas Eloff
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110 Pretoria, South Africa
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679
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Pham HNT, Tang Nguyen V, Van Vuong Q, Bowyer MC, Scarlett CJ. Bioactive Compound Yield and Antioxidant Capacity ofHelicteres hirsutaLour. Stem as Affected by Various Solvents and Drying Methods. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.12879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ngoc Thuy Pham
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Information Technology; University of Newcastle; Ourimbah NSW 2258 Australia
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Technology; Nha Trang University; No. 2 Nguyen Dinh Chieu street Nha Trang City Khanh Hoa 8458 Vietnam
| | - Van Tang Nguyen
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Information Technology; University of Newcastle; Ourimbah NSW 2258 Australia
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Technology; Nha Trang University; No. 2 Nguyen Dinh Chieu street Nha Trang City Khanh Hoa 8458 Vietnam
| | - Quan Van Vuong
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Information Technology; University of Newcastle; Ourimbah NSW 2258 Australia
| | - Michael C. Bowyer
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Information Technology; University of Newcastle; Ourimbah NSW 2258 Australia
| | - Christopher J. Scarlett
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Information Technology; University of Newcastle; Ourimbah NSW 2258 Australia
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680
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Tuyen PT, Khang DT, Minh LT, Minh TN, Thu Ha PT, Elzaawely AA, Xuan TD. Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of <i>Castanopsis</i> <i>phuthoensis</i> and <i>Castanopsis</i> g<i>randicicatricata</i>. INTERNATIONAL LETTERS OF NATURAL SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.56431/p-2411sl] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this study, total phenolic, flavonoid contents, antioxidant capacity, and phenolic compositions of Castanopsis phuthoensis and Castanopsis grandicicatricata (Fagaceae family) were investigated. It was found that bark extracts were rich of phenolic contents, whereas leaf extracts were abundant of flavonoids. The total phenolics varied from 11.20 to 35.47 mg gallic acid equivalent g-1 dry weight (DW), and the total flavonoids were from 2.24 to 12.55 mg rutin equivalent g-1 DW. The results of antioxidant activity showed that the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) radical scavenging activity of the free phenolic extracts were higher than the bound phenolic extracts. Regarding the reducing power and β-carotene bleaching assays, the free phenolic extracts showed remarkably strong antioxidant capacity that were similar to the levels of the standard BHT (dibutyl hydroxytoluene) did. It could be concluded that free phenolic extracts were more effective in antioxidant activities than bound phenolic extracts. A highly significant correlation between phenolic contents and antioxidant activity in extracts were observed. By HPLC analysis, seven phenolic acids were detected including gallic, p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, sinapic, p-coumaric, ellagic, and vanillin. Of which, gallic, ellagic, and sinapic acids were the most abundant compounds in the two species. The results suggest C. phuthoensis and C. grandicicatricata contain rich sources of natural antioxidants and phenolic compounds which are probably considered in pharmaceutical use.
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681
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Tuyen PT, Khang DT, Minh LT, Minh TN, Thu Ha PT, Elzaawely AA, Xuan TD. Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of <i>Castanopsis</i> <i>phuthoensis</i> and <i>Castanopsis</i> g<i>randicicatricata</i>. INTERNATIONAL LETTERS OF NATURAL SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.55.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, total phenolic, flavonoid contents, antioxidant capacity, and phenolic compositions of Castanopsis phuthoensis and Castanopsis grandicicatricata (Fagaceae family) were investigated. It was found that bark extracts were rich of phenolic contents, whereas leaf extracts were abundant of flavonoids. The total phenolics varied from 11.20 to 35.47 mg gallic acid equivalent g-1 dry weight (DW), and the total flavonoids were from 2.24 to 12.55 mg rutin equivalent g-1 DW. The results of antioxidant activity showed that the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) radical scavenging activity of the free phenolic extracts were higher than the bound phenolic extracts. Regarding the reducing power and β-carotene bleaching assays, the free phenolic extracts showed remarkably strong antioxidant capacity that were similar to the levels of the standard BHT (dibutyl hydroxytoluene) did. It could be concluded that free phenolic extracts were more effective in antioxidant activities than bound phenolic extracts. A highly significant correlation between phenolic contents and antioxidant activity in extracts were observed. By HPLC analysis, seven phenolic acids were detected including gallic, p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, sinapic, p-coumaric, ellagic, and vanillin. Of which, gallic, ellagic, and sinapic acids were the most abundant compounds in the two species. The results suggest C. phuthoensis and C. grandicicatricata contain rich sources of natural antioxidants and phenolic compounds which are probably considered in pharmaceutical use.
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682
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Sardarodiyan M, Mohamadi Sani A. Natural antioxidants: sources, extraction and application in food systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1108/nfs-01-2016-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The study aims to describe the main classes of antioxidants existing in fruit, beverages, vegetables and herbs and the different extraction and application of antioxidants in food. Oxidative degradation of lipids, especially induced by reactive oxygen species, leads to quality deterioration of foods and cosmetics and could have harmful effects on health. A major challenge is to develop tools to assess the antioxidant capacity and real efficacy of these molecules. Recently, many review papers regarding antioxidants from different sources and different extraction and quantification procedures have been published. However, none of them has all the information regarding antioxidants (sources, extraction and application in food).
Design/methodology/approach
This paper tries to take a different perspective on antioxidants for the new researcher involved in this field.
Findings
Antioxidants from fruit, vegetables and beverages play an important role in human health, for example, preventing cancer and cardiovascular diseases and lowering the incidence of different diseases. A number of plant products act as scavengers of free radical species and so have been classified as antioxidants. Antioxidants are an important group of food additives that have the ability to protect against detrimental change of oxidizable nutrients and consequently they extend shelf-life of foods.
Research limitations/implications
Most of the antioxidants present in foods are phenolic and polyphenolic compounds, but their efficacy in food for the prevention of oxidation or in the body for dealing with oxidative stress and its consequences depends on different factors.
Originality/value
This study collected the last finding in the field of sources and applications of natural antioxidants.
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683
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Tuyen PT, Khang DT, Thu Ha PT, Hai TN, Elzaawely AA, Xuan TD. Antioxidant Capacity and Phenolic Contents of Three Quercus Species. INTERNATIONAL LETTERS OF NATURAL SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.54.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant capability and phenolic contents of ethanol extracts (free phenolics) and ethyl acetate extracts (bound phenolics) of three Quercus species were estimated in this work. The antioxidant activities were examined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) free radical, reducing power and b-carotene bleaching methods. HPLC was employed to detect major phenolic acids. The leaf extract of Q. salicina contained maximum total phenolics while the highest total flavonoid content was found in the leaf extract of Q. serrata. The antioxidant activities varied among three species. Bark extract of Q. salicina was the most potential and it was closed to levels of the standard antioxidative dibutyl hydroxytoluene (BHT). The bark extract of Q. serrata also showed promising antioxidant activities despite their eminence was negligibly lower than Q. salicina. Stronger antioxidant activities of free phenolics than those of the bound phenolics may be attributed to higher quantities of free phenolics in the barks of Quercus species, however total flavonoids may not contribute a critical role. By HPLC analysis, thirteen phenolic acids were detected in the leaf and bark extracts. Of them, Q. salicina showed maximum in number (ten compounds) and quantities of detected phenolic acids. Ellagic, chlorogenic and benzoic acids were dominant in Quercus species. Findings of this study revealed that leaves and barks of three Quercus species are rich source of antioxidants, and Q.salicina is the most promising and should be elaborated to exploit its pharmaceutical properties.
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684
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Yu YM, Chao TY, Chang WC, Chang MJ, Lee MF. Thymol reduces oxidative stress, aortic intimal thickening, and inflammation-related gene expression in hyperlipidemic rabbits. J Food Drug Anal 2016; 24:556-563. [PMID: 28911561 PMCID: PMC9336656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis plays a key role in the development of cardiovascular diseases, and is often associated with oxidative stress and local inflammation. Thymol, a major polyphenolic compound in thyme, exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we measured the in vitro antioxidant activity of thymol, and investigated the effect of thymol on high-fat-diet-induced hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. New Zealand white rabbits were fed with regular chow, high-fat and high-cholesterol diet (HC), T3, or T6 (HC with thymol supplementation at 3 mg/kg/d or 6 mg/kg/d, respectively) for 8 weeks. Aortic intimal thickening, serum lipid parameters, multiple inflammatory markers, proinflammatory cytokines, and atherosclerosis-associated indicators were significantly increased in the HC group but decreased upon thymol supplementation. In summary, thymol exhibits antioxidant activity, and may suppress the progression of high-fat-diet-induced hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis by reducing aortic intimal lipid lesion, lowering serum lipids and oxidative stress, and alleviating inflammation-related responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Mei Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yu Chao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Weng-Cheng Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Margaret J Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Fen Lee
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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685
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Yang NC, Wu CC, Liu RH, Chai YC, Tseng CY. Comparing the functional components, SOD-like activities, antimutagenicity, and nutrient compositions of Phellinus igniarius and Phellinus linteus mushrooms. J Food Drug Anal 2016; 24:343-349. [PMID: 28911588 PMCID: PMC9339555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many species of the genus Phellinus possess beneficial properties, including antioxidant, immune-enhancing, and antimutagenic effects. Phenolic compounds and polysaccharides are two kinds of bioactive compounds; however, few studies have compared the differences between Phellinus igniarius and Phellinus linteus in their functional components, functional activities, and nutrient compositions. Herein, the proximate compositions and microelements of the fruiting body of P. igniarius and P. linteus were determined. The fruiting body of P. igniarius and P. linteus were extracted by boiling water [water extract of P. igniarius (WEPI) and P. linteus (WEPL)]. The contents of total phenolics and polysaccharides, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like and antimutagenic activities of WEPI and WEPL, were compared. We found that WEPI was rich in phenolics and polysaccharides and had higher SOD-like activity than WEPL. Nutrient compositions were mainly different in minerals, whereas anitmutagenicity was similar. All of these results suggested that P. igniarius has greater potential for the development of antioxidant and immunomodulating food products than P. linteus.
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686
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Nikousaleh A, Prakash J. Antioxidant components and properties of dry heat treated clove in different extraction solvents. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2016; 53:1993-2000. [PMID: 27413226 PMCID: PMC4926898 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-2113-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The effects of heat treatment and extraction solvents (pure/aqueous acetone, ethanol, methanol) on antioxidant activity (AA) and components of clove (Syzygium aromaticum Linn) were studied. Clove was subjected to dry heat treatment (microwave and roasting) and the AA measured by free radical scavenging activity (FRSA), reducing power (RP), and phospho-molybdenum assay (TAA). Unheated samples served as controls. The antioxidant components estimated were total phenols, flavonoids and tannins. Using RP and FRSA, highest AA was observed in 80 % acetone extract of all samples (1.778-1448 and 84.5-86.0 %). TAA showed higher value in 80 % methanolic extract for all samples in the range 303.595-307.941 mmol ascorbic acid/g. Heated samples exhibited higher AA in all assays. Highest amount of phenols and flavonoids were extracted in 80 % acetone (4053-4064 mg/100 g) and 80 % methanol (11,271-11,370 mg/100 g) respectively. For tannins, maximum extraction was in 80 % acetone (control, 16441 mg/100 g), 80 % ethanol (microwave, 19,558 mg/100 g), and pure methanol (roasted, 15,823 mg/100 g). Total phenol and flavonoid contents were positively associated with AA determined using RP and FRSA. In conclusion, clove exhibited powerful AA in different extraction solvents which increased on dry heat treatments and correlated positively with antioxidant components. Hence, clove can be used as a natural antioxidant in food systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Nikousaleh
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Mysore, Mysore, 570 006 India
| | - Jamuna Prakash
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Mysore, Mysore, 570 006 India
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687
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Inhibitory effects of polyphenol-enriched extract from Ziyang tea against human breast cancer MCF-7 cells through reactive oxygen species-dependent mitochondria molecular mechanism. J Food Drug Anal 2016; 24:527-538. [PMID: 28911558 PMCID: PMC9336659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A polyphenol-enriched extract from selenium-enriched Ziyang green tea (ZTP) was selected to evaluate its antitumor effects against human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. In ZTP, (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (28.2%) was identified as the major catechin, followed by (−)-epigallocatechin (5.7%) and (−)-epicatechin gallate (12.6%). ZTP was shown to inhibit MCF-7 cell proliferation (half maximal inhibitory concentration, IC50 = 172.2 μg/mL) by blocking cell-cycle progression at the G0/G1 phase and inducing apoptotic death. Western blotting assay indicated that ZTP induced cell-cycle arrest by upregulation of p53 and reduced the expression of CDK2 in MCF-7 cells. ZTP-caused cell apoptosis was associated with an increase in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and activation of caspase-3 and -9. MCF-7 cells treated with ZTP also showed an overproduction of reactive oxygen species, suggesting that reactive oxygen species played an important role in the induction of apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. This is the first report showing that ZTP is a potential novel dietary agent for cancer chemoprevention or chemotherapy.
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688
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Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of total polyphenolic compounds from chokeberries by response surface methodology and artificial neural network. Sep Purif Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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689
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Hung SF, Roan SF, Chang TL, King HB, Chen IZ. Analysis of aroma compounds and nutrient contents of mabolo (Diospyros blancoi A. DC.), an ethnobotanical fruit of Austronesian Taiwan. J Food Drug Anal 2016; 24:83-89. [PMID: 28911412 PMCID: PMC9345435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diospyros blancoi A. DC. is an evergreen tree species of high-quality wood. Mabolo, the fruit of this plant, is popular among the natives in Taiwan, but its potential in economic use has not been fully explored. Mabolo has a rich aroma. Of the 39 different volatile compounds isolated, its intact fruit and peel were found to both contain 24 compounds, whereas the pulp contained 28 compounds. The most important aroma compounds were esters and α-farnesene. Our data show that mabolo is rich in dietary fiber (3.2%), and the contents of other nutrients such as malic acid, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, folic acid, pantothenic acid, and choline chloride were 227.1 mg/100 g, 0.075 mg/100 g, 0.157 mg/100 g, 0.623 mg/100 g, 0.19 mg/100 g, and 62.52 mg/100 g, respectively. Moreover, it is rich in calcium and zinc; the contents of which were found to be 42.8 mg/100 g and 3.6 mg/100 g, respectively. Our results show that D. blancoi has the potential to be bred for a novel fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Feng Hung
- Hengchun Research Center, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Hengchun, Pingtung,
Taiwan
| | - Su-Feng Roan
- Department of Horticulture and Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei,
Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Liang Chang
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei,
Taiwan
| | | | - Iou-Zen Chen
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei,
Taiwan
- Corresponding author. Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. E-mail address: (I.-Z. Chen)
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690
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Abdul-Hamid NA, Abas F, Ismail IS, Shaari K, Lajis NH. Influence of Different Drying Treatments and Extraction Solvents on the Metabolite Profile and Nitric Oxide Inhibitory Activity of Ajwa Dates. J Food Sci 2015; 80:H2603-11. [PMID: 26457883 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study aimed to examine the variation in the metabolite profiles and nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activity of Ajwa dates that were subjected to 2 drying treatments and different extraction solvents. (1)H NMR coupled with multivariate data analysis was employed. A Griess assay was used to determine the inhibition of the production of NO in RAW 264.7 cells treated with LPS and interferon-γ. The oven dried (OD) samples demonstrated the absence of asparagine and ascorbic acid as compared to the freeze dried (FD) dates. The principal component analysis showed distinct clusters between the OD and FD dates by the second principal component. In respect of extraction solvents, chloroform extracts can be distinguished by the absence of arginine, glycine and asparagine compared to the methanol and 50% methanol extracts. The chloroform extracts can be clearly distinguished from the methanol and 50% methanol extracts by first principal component. Meanwhile, the loading score plot of partial least squares analysis suggested that beta glucose, alpha glucose, choline, ascorbic acid and glycine were among the metabolites that were contributing to higher biological activity displayed by FD and methanol extracts of Ajwa. The results highlight an alternative method of metabolomics approach for determination of the metabolites that contribute to NO inhibitory activity. PRACTICAL APPLICATION The association between metabolite profiles and nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activity of the various extracts of Ajwa dates was evaluated by utilizing partial least squares (PLS) model. The validated PLS model can be employed to predict the NO inhibitory activity of new samples of date fruits based on their NMR spectra which was important for assessing fruit quality. The information gained might be used as guidance for quality control, nutritional values and as a basis for the preparation of any food supplements for human health that employs date palm fruit as the raw material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Ashikin Abdul-Hamid
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Inst. of Bioscience, Univ. Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Faridah Abas
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Inst. of Bioscience, Univ. Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia.,Dept. of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Univ. Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Intan Safinar Ismail
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Inst. of Bioscience, Univ. Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia.,Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Univ. Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khozirah Shaari
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Inst. of Bioscience, Univ. Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia.,Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Univ. Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nordin H Lajis
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Inst. of Bioscience, Univ. Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
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691
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Das M, Malipeddi H, Nambiraj NA, Rajan R. Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant Activity and In Vitro
Growth Inhibition of Struvite Crystals by I
pomoea Eriocarpa
Leaf Extracts. J Food Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moonjit Das
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division; School of Advanced Sciences; VIT University; Vellore 632014 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Himaja Malipeddi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division; School of Advanced Sciences; VIT University; Vellore 632014 Tamil Nadu India
| | - N. Arunai Nambiraj
- Photonics, Nuclear and Medical Physics Division; School of Advanced Sciences; VIT University; Vellore 632014 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Reshma Rajan
- Photonics, Nuclear and Medical Physics Division; School of Advanced Sciences; VIT University; Vellore 632014 Tamil Nadu India
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692
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Antifungal and antioxidant activities of organic and aqueous extracts of Annona squamosa Linn. leaves. J Food Drug Anal 2015; 23:795-802. [PMID: 28911497 PMCID: PMC9345450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing demand for natural additives has shifted the attention from synthetic to natural antioxidants and antifungal agents. This study was carried out to evaluate the antifungal and antioxidant activities of methanol, chloroform, and aqueous extracts of Annona squamosa Linn. leaves. The antifungal activities of all extracts of A. squamosa leaves against five different strains of fungi (Alternaria alternata, Candida albicans, Fusarium solani, Microsporum canis, and Aspergillus niger) were evaluated by the agar well diffusion method and the minimum inhibitory concentration of each extract was assessed by antifungal susceptibility using the broth microdilution method. The antioxidant potential of each extract was determined by free radicals (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, nitric oxide, and hydrogen peroxide) scavenging activity and reducing power property of A. squamosa leaves. Both organic and aqueous extracts were found to express dose-dependent inhibition against all tested fungi strains in both agar well diffusion and broth dilution methods. The free radical scavenging activity and reducing power property of all extracts were found to be concentration dependent, with the methanol extract exhibiting higher antioxidant activity than the chloroform extract, which was more effective than the aqueous extract of A. squamosa leaves. Results of phytochemical analysis of extracts showed the presence of glycosides, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, phenols, etc. The results obtained from in vitro studies of antifungal and antioxidant activities clearly suggest that the methanol, chloroform, and aqueous extracts of A. squamosa leaves possess antifungal and antioxidant activity.
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693
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Engida AM, Faika S, Nguyen-Thi BT, Ju YH. Analysis of major antioxidants from extracts of Myrmecodia pendans by UV/visible spectrophotometer, liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, and high-performance liquid chromatography/UV techniques. J Food Drug Anal 2015; 23:303-309. [PMID: 28911386 PMCID: PMC9351773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present work, heat reflux extraction with ethanol/water (80:20; v/v) as the solvent was used to extract antioxidants from Myrmecodia pendans. The crude extract (CE) was fractionated using hexane and ethyl acetate. Ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) and aqueous fraction were collected. Antioxidant activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl-radical radical and ferric reducing power of the CE, EAF, and aqueous fraction were evaluated. EAF showed comparable antioxidant activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl-radical radical and ferric reducing power to those of the CE. UV/visible, liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization/tandem mass spectrometry, and high-performance liquid chromatography were employed for identifying the major antioxidant compounds in the EAF. Three major phenolic compounds (rosmarinic acid, procyanidin B1, and polymer of procyanidin B1) were identified. The first two compounds were confirmed and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography using authentic standards, but confirmation of the third compound was hampered by a lack of commercial standard. Concentrations of rosmarinic acid and procyanidin B1 in the EAF were found to be 20.688 ±1.573 mg/g dry sample and 3.236 ±0.280 mg/g dry sample, respectively. All these three compounds are reported for the first time in sarang semut.
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694
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Song H, Chen C, Zhao S, Ge F, Liu D, Shi D, Zhang T. Interaction of gallic acid with trypsin analyzed by spectroscopy. J Food Drug Anal 2015; 23:234-242. [PMID: 28911378 PMCID: PMC9351775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The interactions between trypsin and gallic acid (GA) were investigated by means of fluorescence spectroscopy, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, resonance light scattering (RLS) spectroscopy, synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy, and enzymatic inhibition assay. It was found that GA can cause the fluorescence quenching of trypsin during the process of formation of GA-trypsin complex, resulting in inhibition of trypsin activity (IC50 = 3.9 × 10−6 mol/L). The fluorescence spectroscopic data showed that the quenching efficiency can reach about 80%. The binding constants were 1.9371 × 104 L/mol, 1.8192 × 104 L/mol, and 1.7465 × 104 L/mol at three temperatures, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters revealed that hydrogen bonds, van der Waals, hydrophobic, and electrostatic interactions were involved in the binding process of GA to trypsin. Molecular modeling studies illustrated a specific display of binding information and explained most of the experiment phenomena. The microenvironments of tryptophan and tyrosine residue in trypsin were changed by the GA. Results indicated that GA was a strong quencher and inhibitor of trypsin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Song
- Faculty of Life Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoyin Chen
- Faculty of Life Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shenglan Zhao
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650200, People's Republic of China.
| | - Feng Ge
- Faculty of Life Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Diqiu Liu
- Faculty of Life Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Shi
- Faculty of Life Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiancai Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
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695
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Oroian M, Escriche I. Antioxidants: Characterization, natural sources, extraction and analysis. Food Res Int 2015; 74:10-36. [PMID: 28411973 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recently many review papers regarding antioxidants from different sources and different extraction and quantification procedures have been published. However none of them has all the information regarding antioxidants (chemistry, sources, extraction and quantification). This article tries to take a different perspective on antioxidants for the new researcher involved in this field. Antioxidants from fruit, vegetables and beverages play an important role in human health, for example preventing cancer and cardiovascular diseases, and lowering the incidence of different diseases. In this paper the main classes of antioxidants are presented: vitamins, carotenoids and polyphenols. Recently, many analytical methodologies involving diverse instrumental techniques have been developed for the extraction, separation, identification and quantification of these compounds. Antioxidants have been quantified by different researchers using one or more of these methods: in vivo, in vitro, electrochemical, chemiluminescent, electron spin resonance, chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, nuclear magnetic resonance, near infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mircea Oroian
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania.
| | - Isabel Escriche
- Institute of Food Engineering for Development (IUIAD), Food Technology Department (DTA), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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696
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Shah MA, Bosco SJD, Mir SA. Plant extracts as natural antioxidants in meat and meat products. Meat Sci 2014; 98:21-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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