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Ying M, Zeng Z, Li Q, Chen X, Xiong Y, Wu B, Peng L, Zhang Q, Wang L, Dai Z, Li S, Chen H, Yang X. Water-soluble intracellular extract of Desmodesmus sp. YT enhanced the antioxidant capacity of human skin fibroblast to protect the skin from UV damage. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024; 23:1850-1861. [PMID: 38327116 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oxidative stress induced by ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a pivotal factor in skin aging and can even contribute to the development of skin cancer. AIM This study explored the antioxidant effect and mechanism of water-soluble intracellular extract (WIE) of Desmodesmus sp.YT (YT), aiming to develop a natural antioxidant suitable for incorporation into cosmetics. METHODS The study evaluated the scavenging capacity of YT-WIE against free radicals and assessed its impact on human skin fibroblasts (HSF) cell viability and UV resistance using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). Transcriptome sequencing was employed to elucidate the mechanism of action, while RT-qPCR and western blot were used to validate the expression of key genes. RESULTS YT-WIE displayed robust antioxidant activity, demonstrating potent scavenging abilities against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH; IC50 = 0.55 mg mL-1), 2,2'-Azino-bis (3 ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid; ABTS; IC50 = 3.11 mg mL-1), Hydroxyl (·OH; IC50 = 2.21 mg mL-1), and Superoxide anion (O2 •-; IC50 = 0.98 mg mL-1). Furthermore, compared to the control group, the YT-WIE group exhibited an 89.30% enhancement in HSF viability and a 44.63% increase in survival rate post-UV irradiation. Significant upregulation of antioxidant genes (GCLC, GCLM, TXNRD1, HMOX1, NQO1) was observed with YT-WIE treatment at 400 μg mL-1, with fold increases ranging from 1.13 to 5.85 times. CONCLUSION YT-WIE demonstrated considerable potential as an antioxidant, shielding human cells from undue oxidative stress triggered by external stimuli such as UV radiation. This suggests its promising application in cosmetics antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ying
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Innova Bay (Shenzhen) Technology Co. Ltd, Shenzhen, China
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zuye Zeng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qin Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xianglan Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liang Peng
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University and Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhongming Dai
- Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuangfei Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huirong Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuewei Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Juhi UH, El-Nashar HAS, Al Faruq A, Bhuia MS, Sultana I, Alam S, Abuyousef F, Saleh N, El-Shazly M, Islam MT. Phytochemical analysis and biological investigation of Cheilanthes tenuifolia (Burm.f.) Swartz. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1366889. [PMID: 38638865 PMCID: PMC11024464 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1366889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cheilanthes tenuifolia is an evergreen ornamental small fern, belonging to the family Pteridaceae, that grows in warm and rocky regions worldwide. Many species of Cheilanthes genus are evidently endowed with important phytochemicals and bioactivities. This study aimed to perform a preliminary phytochemical analysis of Cheilanthes tenuifolia leaves alongside an evaluation of free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and clot lysis activities of extract fractions. Materials and methods: A preliminary phytochemical analysis was done after fractionation of ethanolic extract (ECT) with n-hexane (HCT) and chloroform (CCT). Then, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, egg albumin and RBC membrane stabilization tests, disc diffusion, and human blood clot lysis assays were performed. Results: Phytochemical investigations suggested that the plant is rich in alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, and flavonoids. All obtained fractions exhibited concentration-dependent radical scavenging, inhibition of egg protein denaturation and RBC membrane lysis capacities. Except for antifungal tests, ECT exhibited better DPPH radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and clot lysis capacities than HCT and CCT fractions. However, all fractions exhibited a mild anti-inflammatory activity. Conclusion: C. tenuifolia might be a good source of antioxidant, anti-microbial, and anti-atherothrombotic agents. Further studies are required to isolate and characterize the active principles liable for each bioactivity, along with possible molecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umme Habiba Juhi
- Department of Pharmacy, Southern University Bangladesh, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Heba A. S. El-Nashar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdullah Al Faruq
- Department of Pharmacy, Southern University Bangladesh, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Shimul Bhuia
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
- Bioluster Research Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Irin Sultana
- Department of Pharmacy, Southern University Bangladesh, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Syedul Alam
- Forest Botany Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute (BFRI), Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Farah Abuyousef
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Na’il Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
- Bioluster Research Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Pharmacy Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
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Ören E, Tuncay S, Toprak YE, Fırat M, Toptancı İ, Karasakal ÖF, Işık M, Karahan M. Antioxidant, antidiabetic effects and polyphenolic contents of propolis from Siirt, Turkey. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:2772-2782. [PMID: 38628175 PMCID: PMC11016413 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Propolis, a natural product collected by honeybees from various plant sources, has gained significant attention due to its diverse bioactive compounds and potential therapeutic properties. To further explore its contents and biological activities, this study aimed to analyze the phenolic compounds in Siirt propolis extracts obtained using different solvents, namely ethanol, water, and ethanol-water mixtures. The primary objective of this research was to investigate the phenolic profile, as well as the antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of the propolis extracts. Chemical profiling of extracts was performed using LC-MS/MS. The antioxidant potential of the propolis extracts was evaluated through free radical scavenging methods, including DPPH and ABTS assays. As a result of these analyses, propolis extracts showed moderate radical scavenging potential with 13.86%-35.72% for DPPH and 33.62%-62.50% for ABTS at a concentration of 30 μg mL-1, respectively. This radical scavenging potential of the extracts sheds light on its ability to combat oxidative stress, which is implicated in the development of diabetes, and its potential effects on cellular health. Additionally, the study assessed the antidiabetic properties of the propolis extracts by examining their inhibition effects on α-amylase and α-glycosidase enzymes. Extracts with high phenolic content showed a high inhibitory effect against α-glucosidase with an IC50 of 5.72 ± 0.83 μg mL-1. This research provided significant findings regarding the potential use of propolis in the treatment of diabetes and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Ören
- Department of Food Technology, Vocational School of Health ServicesUskudar UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Salih Tuncay
- Department of Food Technology, Vocational School of Health ServicesUskudar UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Yunus Emre Toprak
- Department of Food Technology, Vocational School of Health ServicesUskudar UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Muhammet Fırat
- Department of BiotechnologyGraduate Institute, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali UniversityBilecikTurkey
| | | | - Ömer Faruk Karasakal
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Vocational School of Health ServicesUskudar UniversityTurkey
| | - Mesut Işık
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of EngineeringBilecik Şeyh Edebali UniversityBilecikTurkey
| | - Mesut Karahan
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Vocational School of Health ServicesUskudar UniversityTurkey
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Liu Z, Wang T, Zhang L, Luo Y, Zhao J, Chen Y, Wang Y, Cao W, Zhao X, Lu B, Chen F, Zhou Z, Zheng L. Metal-Phenolic Networks-Reinforced Extracellular Matrix Scaffold for Bone Regeneration via Combining Radical-Scavenging and Photo-Responsive Regulation of Microenvironment. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2304158. [PMID: 38319101 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The limited regulation strategies of the regeneration microenvironment significantly hinder bone defect repair effectiveness. One potential solution is using biomaterials capable of releasing bioactive ions and biomolecules. However, most existing biomaterials lack real-time control features, failing to meet high regulation requirements. Herein, a new Strontium (Sr) and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) based metal-phenolic network with polydopamine (PMPNs) modification is prepared. This material reinforces a biomimetic scaffold made of extracellular matrix (ECM) and hydroxyapatite nanowires (nHAW). The PMPNs@ECM/nHAW scaffold demonstrates exceptional scavenging of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS), promoting HUVECs cell migration and angiogenesis, inducing stem cell osteogenic differentiation, and displaying high biocompatibility. Additionally, the PMPNs exhibit excellent photothermal properties, further enhancing the scaffold's bioactivities. In vivo studies confirm that PMPNs@ECM/nHAW with near-infrared (NIR) stimulation significantly promotes angiogenesis and osteogenesis, effectively regulating the microenvironment and facilitating bone tissue repair. This research not only provides a biomimetic scaffold for bone regeneration but also introduces a novel strategy for designing advanced biomaterials. The combination of real-time photothermal intervention and long-term chemical intervention, achieved through the release of bioactive molecules/ions, represents a promising direction for future biomaterial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Tianlong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yiping Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jinhui Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yixing Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Wentao Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Bingqiang Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Zifei Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Longpo Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Shanghai Trauma Emergency Center, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Orthopedic Intelligent Minimally Invasive Diagnosis & Treatment Center, Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
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Římal V, Bunyatova EI, Štěpánková H. Efficient Scavenging of TEMPOL Radical by Ascorbic Acid in Solution and Related Prolongation of 13C and 1H Nuclear Spin Relaxation Times of the Solute. Molecules 2024; 29:738. [PMID: 38338481 PMCID: PMC10856727 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Dynamic nuclear polarization for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and imaging uses free radicals to strongly enhance the NMR signal of a compound under investigation. At the same time, the radicals shorten significantly its nuclear spin relaxation times which reduces the time window available for the experiments. Radical scavenging can overcome this drawback. Our work presents a detailed study of the reduction of the TEMPOL radical by ascorbic acid in solution by high-resolution NMR. Carbon-13 and hydrogen-1 nuclear spin relaxations are confirmed to be restored to their values without TEMPOL. Reaction mechanism, kinetics, and the influence of pD and viscosity are thoroughly discussed. The detailed investigation conducted in this work should help with choosing suitable concentrations in the samples for dynamic nuclear polarization and optimizing the measurement protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Římal
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic;
| | | | - Helena Štěpánková
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic;
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Tegegn G, Melaku Y, Aliye M, Abebe A, Abdissa N, Meresa A, Degu S, Hunsen M, Hussein AA, Endale M. In vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, essential oil composition, and in silico molecular modeling analysis of secondary metabolites from roots of Verbascum sinaiticum. Z NATURFORSCH C 2024; 79:25-39. [PMID: 38414256 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2023-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Verbascum sinaiticum is locally used to treat wound, stomachache, viral infection, cancer, sunstroke fever, abdominal colic, diarrhea, hemorrhage, anthrax, and hepatitis. The objective of this study was to identify the compounds and to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the extracts and isolated compounds from V. sinaiticum. The 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and DEPT-135 were used to elucidate the structures of isolated compounds. Essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation method and their chemical analyses were performed by GC-MS. The broth microdilution method was used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity. The radical scavenging activity of the extracts and isolated compounds were evaluated using DPPH method. Silica gel column chromatographic separation of root extracts afforded seven known compounds: 3'-(4''-methoxy phenyl)-3'-oxo-propionyl hexadecanoate (1), harpagoside (2), pulverulentoside I (3), scrophuloside B4 (4), scropolioside A (5), scropolioside-D2 (6), and harpagide 6-O-β-glucoside (7), which are all reported from this species for the first time. The EO extracts from leaves and roots were the most susceptible to Streptococcus agalactiae, with a 2 mg/mL MIC. The EO from roots was effective against Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes, with a MIC of 8 mg/mL. The MeOH and CH2Cl2/CH3OH (1:1) root extracts showed the maximum activity against S. epidermidis with MIC values of 0.25 mg/mL. The strongest antibacterial effects were demonstrated against Staphylococcus epidermidis, which exhibited a 0.0625 mg/mL MIC for compound 1. The strongest radical scavenging activity was exhibited by the methanol extract (IC50 = 3.4 μg/mL), and compounds 4, 6, 5, 3, 7, and 2 with IC50 values of 3.2, 3.38, 3.6, 3.8, 4.2, and 4.7 μg/mL, respectively, in comparison with ascorbic acid (IC50 = 1.3 μg/mL). The results of the molecular docking analysis of compounds revealed minimal binding energies range from -38.5 to -43.1 kJ/mol, -33.1 to -42.7 kJ/mol, -34.7 to -39.3.7 kJ/mol, -25.5 to -37.6 kJ/mol against human myeloperoxidase (PDB ID: 1DNU), murA enzyme (PDB ID: 1UAE), human topoisomerase IIβ (PDB ID: 4fm9), S. epidermidis FtsZ (PDB number: 4M8I) proteins, respectively. The docking results and the in vitro antibacterial activity are in good agreement. These findings show that the isolated compounds 2-7 can act as potential antioxidants and strong antibacterials against Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis. As a result, V. sinaiticum root extracts have the potential to be effective in treating diseases caused by bacteria and free radicals, as long as further investigation has been suggested for the ultimate decision of this plant's potential candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getachew Tegegn
- Department of Applied Chemistry, 125545 School of Applied Natural Science, Adama Science and Technology University , P.O. Box 1888, Adama, Ethiopia
| | - Yadessa Melaku
- Department of Applied Chemistry, 125545 School of Applied Natural Science, Adama Science and Technology University , P.O. Box 1888, Adama, Ethiopia
| | - Muhdin Aliye
- Department of Applied Chemistry, 125545 School of Applied Natural Science, Adama Science and Technology University , P.O. Box 1888, Adama, Ethiopia
| | - Abiy Abebe
- Traditional and Modern Drug Research and Development Directorate, 70605 Armauer Hansen Research Institute , P.O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Negera Abdissa
- Traditional and Modern Drug Research and Development Directorate, 70605 Armauer Hansen Research Institute , P.O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Asfaw Meresa
- Traditional and Modern Drug Research and Development Directorate, 70605 Armauer Hansen Research Institute , P.O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Sileshi Degu
- Traditional and Modern Drug Research and Development Directorate, 70605 Armauer Hansen Research Institute , P.O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mo Hunsen
- Department of Chemistry, 3475 Kenyon College , Gambier, OH 43022, USA
| | - Ahmed A Hussein
- Department of Chemistry, 70683 Cape Peninsula University of Technology , Bellville Campus, Bellville 7535, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Milkyas Endale
- Traditional and Modern Drug Research and Development Directorate, 70605 Armauer Hansen Research Institute , P.O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Ran L, Xu Y, Zhu X, Chen S, Qiu X. Mn Single-Atom Tuning Fe-N-C Catalyst Enables Highly Efficient and Durable Oxygen Electrocatalysis and Zinc-Air Batteries. ACS Nano 2024; 18:750-760. [PMID: 38150590 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Fe-N-C catalyst is one of most promising candidates for oxygen electrocatalysis reaction in zinc-air batteries (ZABs), but achieving sustained high activity is still a challenging issue. Herein, we demonstrate that introducing Mn single atoms into Fe-N-C (Mn1@Fe-N-C/CNTs) enables the realization of highly efficient and durable oxygen electrocatalysis performance and application in ZABs. Multiple characterizations confirm that Mn1@Fe-N-C/CNTs is equipped with Mn-N2O2 and Fe-N4 sites and Fe nanoparticles. The Mn-N2O2 sites not only tune the electron structure of Fe-Nx sites to enhance intrinsic activity, but also scavenge the attack of radicals from Fe-Nx sites for improvement in ORR durability. As a result, Mn1@Fe-N-C/CNTs exhibits enhanced ORR performance to traditional Fe-N-C catalysts with high E1/2 of 0.89 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and maintains ORR activity after 15 000 CV. Impressively, Mn1@Fe-N-C/CNTs also presents excellent OER activity and the difference (ΔE) between E1/2 of ORR and OER potential at 10 mA cm-2 (Ej10) is only 0.59 V, outperforming most reported catalysts. In addition, the maintainable bifunctional activity of Mn1@Fe-N-C/CNTs is demonstrated in ZABs with almost unchanged cycle voltage efficiency up to 200 h. This work highlights the critical role of Mn single atoms in enhancing ORR activity and stability, promoting the development of advanced catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Ran
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xinwang Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Shanyong Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Xiaoqing Qiu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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Sarmah S, Konthoujam I, Prakash V, Aguan K, Singha Roy A. Unleashing the binding interaction of chrysin-Cu(II) complex with the biomacromolecular targets: further studies of cell cytotoxicity and radical scavenging properties. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38189346 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2300122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Flavonoids are significant dietary components and have ability to coordinate with metal ions to produce novel drug discovery leads that are superior to those of the parent flavonoids. Here, in this report, we have synthesized chrysin-Cu(II) complex (as per reported article) and characterized it further with different analytical techniques. The synthesized complex was evaluated for radical scavenging and cell cytotoxicity studies where it exhibited enhanced activity as compared to bare chrysin. The interaction studies of the complex with ct-DNA (Kb ⁓ 105 M-1), human serum albumin (HSA) and ovalbumin (Kb ⁓ 104 M-1) were evaluated using multi-spectroscopic and molecular docking studies. Groove binding mode with ct-DNA was observed as confirmed from competitive displacement studies, viscosity measurement, melting temperature estimation and docking analyses. The complex exhibited comparatively higher affinity towards ct-DNA which indicated it efficient transportation by the carrier proteins and controlled release in the target DNA.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharat Sarmah
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Meghalaya, Shillong, India
| | - Ibemhanbi Konthoujam
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
| | - Vivek Prakash
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Kripamoy Aguan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
| | - Atanu Singha Roy
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Meghalaya, Shillong, India
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Manai-Djebali H, Yeddes W, Hammami M, Nait-Mohamed S, Habachi E, Msaada K, Ben Youssef N. Exploring the synergistic potential of wild nettle and olive oil: bioactive compounds, antioxidant capacity, and antibacterial properties. Int J Environ Health Res 2023:1-10. [PMID: 38047414 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2287589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
This study delved into the incorporation of wild nettle (Urtica dioica L.) leaves powder with virgin olive oil, exploring its potential to enhance nutritional value and health benefits. The antioxidant, antibacterial, and mineral-enrichment attributes of the resultant nettle-infused olive oil were investigated. Phenolic composition analysis revealed that an optimal maceration time of 30-40 minutes leads to maximal phenolic and flavonoid contents (57.66 mg GAE/100 g and 67.18 mg QE/100 g, respectively). The infused oil demonstrated superior radical scavenging activity (DPPH and ABTS assays) compared to virgin olive oil. Notably, nettle infusion significantly elevates zinc (10.12 mg/kg) and iron (13.85 mg/kg) contents. Antibacterial assays exhibited enhanced inhibition diameters and lower MIC and MBC values for nettle-infused oil against various bacterial strains. The study's findings underscore the potential of nettle infusion to enhance the nutritional and functional attributes of olive oil, holding promise for novel culinary and health applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedia Manai-Djebali
- Laboratory of Olive Biotechnology, Biotechnology Center of Borj-Cedria, BP, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Walid Yeddes
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnology Center of Borj-Cedria, BP, Tunisia, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Majdi Hammami
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnology Center of Borj-Cedria, BP, Tunisia, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Salma Nait-Mohamed
- Laboratory of Olive Biotechnology, Biotechnology Center of Borj-Cedria, BP, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Emna Habachi
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnology Center of Borj-Cedria, BP, Tunisia, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Kamel Msaada
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnology Center of Borj-Cedria, BP, Tunisia, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Nabil Ben Youssef
- Laboratory of Olive Biotechnology, Biotechnology Center of Borj-Cedria, BP, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
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Chopra D, Chadha VD, Dhawan DK. Understanding the role of zingerone on biochemical and behavioral changes in rat brain inflicted with C6 glioma cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23477. [PMID: 37477207 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Malignant glioma is the deadliest form of brain cancer. Zingerone (ZO), a polyphenolic compound found in ginger, offers pharmacological properties that make it a promising agent for containing the growth of glioma cells. The present study was conducted to understand the efficacy of ZO in containing the growth of C6 glioma cells. The study also assessed the prophylactic role of ZO on rat brain glioma induced by C6 cell lines by addressing its antioxidative action on biochemical, behavioral, and histoarchitectural indices. For dose optimization, the animals were pretreated with different doses of ZO for a period of 2 weeks before the inoculation of glioma cells (1 × 105 /10 µL phosphate-buffered saline) in the caudate region of rat brain and the treatment with ZO continued for 4 more weeks post implantation. In vitro studies were done to assess the radical scavenging activity of ZO and also to determine its effects on viability of C6 glioma cells at different concentrations. Glioma-bearing rats showed significant alterations in memory; exploratory and muscular activities which were appreciably improved upon simultaneous supplementation of ZO administered at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight and were also visible even at a higher dose. Glioma-bearing rats revealed a significant increase in reactive oxygen species, protein carbonyl contents, and lipid peroxidation, but showed a significant decrease in reduced glutathione and antioxidative enzymes in the brain tissue. Interestingly, all the biochemical indices and altered brain histoarchitecture displaying cellular atypia and hyperplasia showed appreciable improvement when supplemented with ZO at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devika Chopra
- Department of Biophysics, Basic Medical Sciences Block II, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vijayta D Chadha
- Centre for Nuclear Medicine (U.I.E.A.S.T), Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Devinder K Dhawan
- Department of Biophysics, Basic Medical Sciences Block II, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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11
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Ajaykumar AP, Sabira O, Binitha VS, Varma SR, Mathew A, Jayaraj KN, Janish PA, Zeena KV, Sheena P, Venugopal V, Palakkapparambil P, Aswathi. Bio-Fabricated Silver Nanoparticles from the Leaf Extract of the Poisonous Plant, Holigarna arnottiana: Assessment of Antimicrobial, Antimitotic, Anticancer, and Radical-Scavenging Properties. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2468. [PMID: 37896228 PMCID: PMC10610394 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study presents a novel approach to fabricate silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the poisonous plant, Holigarna arnottiana leaf extract. The formation of AgNPs was confirmed by a color change from green to dark brown and validated by UV analysis. FTIR analysis identified functional groups on the AgNPs, while Zeta potential analysis assessed their stability. TEM analysis established an average diameter of 18 nm and a spherical morphology for the nanoparticles. LC MS analysis coupled with database searches revealed the presence of diverse bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, nucleotides, dipeptides, enzymes, and glycosides. These compounds are postulated to act as reducing agents in the leaf extract-mediated synthesis process. Moreover, the bio-fabricated AgNPs exhibited noteworthy anticancer properties against DLA cells. In addition, AgNPs displayed substantial antimitotic effects in an assay involving Allium cepa root cells. These findings underscore the potential of the AgNPs as cytotoxic agents. The biosynthesized AgNPs showed antimicrobial activity against various bacterial pathogens, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, the AgNPs exhibited outstanding radical-scavenging properties in the DPPH assay, suggesting their potential application in antioxidant therapies. The study collectively highlights the successful synthesis of AgNPs through a green, biocompatible approach, and demonstrates their promising potential for anticancer, antimitotic, and radical-scavenging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthyalam Parambil Ajaykumar
- Division of Biomaterial Sciences, Department of Zoology, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College, Pattambi, Palakkad 679303, Kerala, India; (O.S.); (P.A.J.); (K.V.Z.); (P.S.); (V.V.); (P.P.); (A.)
| | - Ovungal Sabira
- Division of Biomaterial Sciences, Department of Zoology, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College, Pattambi, Palakkad 679303, Kerala, India; (O.S.); (P.A.J.); (K.V.Z.); (P.S.); (V.V.); (P.P.); (A.)
| | | | - Sudhir Rama Varma
- Clinical Sciences Department, Centre for Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Anjaly Mathew
- Department of Chemistry, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College, Pattambi, Palakkad 679303, Kerala, India;
| | - Kodangattil Narayanan Jayaraj
- Basic Sciences Department, Centre for Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Pandikkadan Ayyappan Janish
- Division of Biomaterial Sciences, Department of Zoology, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College, Pattambi, Palakkad 679303, Kerala, India; (O.S.); (P.A.J.); (K.V.Z.); (P.S.); (V.V.); (P.P.); (A.)
| | - Koladath Vasu Zeena
- Division of Biomaterial Sciences, Department of Zoology, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College, Pattambi, Palakkad 679303, Kerala, India; (O.S.); (P.A.J.); (K.V.Z.); (P.S.); (V.V.); (P.P.); (A.)
| | - Padannappurath Sheena
- Division of Biomaterial Sciences, Department of Zoology, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College, Pattambi, Palakkad 679303, Kerala, India; (O.S.); (P.A.J.); (K.V.Z.); (P.S.); (V.V.); (P.P.); (A.)
| | - Veena Venugopal
- Division of Biomaterial Sciences, Department of Zoology, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College, Pattambi, Palakkad 679303, Kerala, India; (O.S.); (P.A.J.); (K.V.Z.); (P.S.); (V.V.); (P.P.); (A.)
| | - Priyanka Palakkapparambil
- Division of Biomaterial Sciences, Department of Zoology, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College, Pattambi, Palakkad 679303, Kerala, India; (O.S.); (P.A.J.); (K.V.Z.); (P.S.); (V.V.); (P.P.); (A.)
| | - Aswathi
- Division of Biomaterial Sciences, Department of Zoology, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College, Pattambi, Palakkad 679303, Kerala, India; (O.S.); (P.A.J.); (K.V.Z.); (P.S.); (V.V.); (P.P.); (A.)
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12
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Kim JM, Jung IA, Kim JM, Choi MH, Yang JH. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Cinnamomum japonicum Siebold's Leaf through the Inhibition of p38/JNK/AP-1 Signaling. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1402. [PMID: 37895873 PMCID: PMC10610235 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cinnamomum japonicum Siebold (CJ) branch bark, commonly known as Japanese cinnamon, has been used for various culinary and medicinal applications for many centuries. Although the efficacy of CJ branch bark's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity for the treatment of various diseases has been confirmed, the efficacy of CJ leaves (CJLs) has not been examined. We therefore investigated whether CJL3, an ethyl acetate extract of a 70% ethanol CJL extract, exerts anti-inflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated Kupffer cells, specialized macrophages found in the liver. Liver inflammation can activate Kupffer cells, inducing the release of pro-inflammatory molecules that contribute to tissue damage. We found that CJL3 has high 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical-scavenging activity. Among the CJL extracts, CJL3 exhibited the greatest polyphenol content, with protocatechuic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid being the most abundant. In addition, we verified that CJL3, which has strong antioxidant properties, ameliorates LPS-induced pro-inflammatory responses by inhibiting p38/JNK/AP-1 signaling. CJL3 therefore has potential for treating liver disease, including hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Min Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea; (J.M.K.); (I.A.J.); (J.M.K.)
| | - In A Jung
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea; (J.M.K.); (I.A.J.); (J.M.K.)
| | - Jae Min Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea; (J.M.K.); (I.A.J.); (J.M.K.)
| | - Moon-Hee Choi
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
- Sumsumbio Co., Ltd., Jangseong-gun 57248, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Yang
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea; (J.M.K.); (I.A.J.); (J.M.K.)
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Sidhic J, George S, Alfarhan A, Rajagopal R, Olatunji OJ, Narayanankutty A. Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Humboldtia sanjappae Sasidh. & Sujanapal, an Endemic Medicinal Plant to the Western Ghats. Molecules 2023; 28:6875. [PMID: 37836717 PMCID: PMC10574196 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethnomedicinal plants are important sources of drug candidates, and many of these plants, especially in the Western Ghats, are underexplored. Humboldtia, a genus within the Fabaceae family, thrives in the biodiversity of the Western Ghats, Kerala, India, and holds significant ethnobotanical importance. However, many Humboldtia species remain understudied in terms of their biological efficacy, while some lack scientific validation for their traditional uses. However, Humboldtia sanjappae, an underexplored plant, was investigated for the phytochemical composition of the plant, and its antioxidant, enzyme-inhibitory, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities were assessed. The LC-MS analysis indicated the presence of several bioactive substances, such as Naringenin, Luteolin, and Pomiferin. The results revealed that the ethanol extract of H. sanjappae exhibited significant in vitro DPPH scavenging activity (6.53 ± 1.49 µg/mL). Additionally, it demonstrated noteworthy FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) activity (8.46 ± 1.38 µg/mL). Moreover, the ethanol extract of H. sanjappae exhibited notable efficacy in inhibiting the activities of α-amylase (47.60 ± 0.19µg/mL) and β-glucosidase (32.09 ± 0.54 µg/mL). The pre-treatment with the extract decreased the LPS-stimulated release of cytokines in the Raw 264.7 macrophages, demonstrating the anti-inflammatory potential. Further, the antibacterial properties were also evident in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The observed high zone of inhibition in the disc diffusion assay and MIC values were also promising. H. sanjappae displays significant anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antibacterial properties, likely attributable to its rich composition of various biological compounds such as Naringenin, Luteolin, Epicatechin, Maritemin, and Pomiferin. Serving as a promising reservoir of these beneficial molecules, the potential of H. sanjappae as a valuable source for bioactive ingredients within the realms of nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries is underscored, showcasing its potential for diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameema Sidhic
- Phytochemistry and Pharmacology Division, PG & Research Department of Botany, St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous), Calicut 673008, India
| | - Satheesh George
- Phytochemistry and Pharmacology Division, PG & Research Department of Botany, St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous), Calicut 673008, India
| | - Ahmed Alfarhan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (R.R.)
| | - Rajakrishnan Rajagopal
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (R.R.)
| | | | - Arunaksharan Narayanankutty
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, PG & Research Department of Zoology, St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous), Calicut 673008, India
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14
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Ha D, Lee JH, Jeon H, Kang YJ, Jeon J, Lee TH, Hong S, Kim YK, Kang K. Amyloid Fibers Increase Free Radicals of Synthetic Melanin. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:38335-38345. [PMID: 37539960 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Functional amyloid fibers are crucial in melanogenesis, but their roles are incompletely understood. In particular, their relationship with intrinsic spin characters of melanin remains unexplored. Here, we show that adding an amyloid scaffold greatly augments the spin density in synthetic melanin. It also brings about concurrent alterations in water dispersibility, bandgaps, and radical scavenging properties of the synthetic melanin, which facilitates its applications in solar water remediation and protection of human keratinocytes from UV irradiation. This work provides implications in the unrevealed role of functional amyloid in melanogenesis and in the origin of the superiority of natural melanin toward its synthetic variants in terms of the spin-related properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daehong Ha
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyoung-daero, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hyung Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyoung-daero, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeri Jeon
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Kang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyoung-daero, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Junmo Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyoung-daero, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungtae Kang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyoung-daero, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17104, Republic of Korea
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Das D, Arulkumar A, Paramasivam S, Lopez-Santamarina A, Del Carmen Mondragon A, Miranda Lopez JM. Phytochemical Constituents, Antimicrobial Properties and Bioactivity of Marine Red Seaweed ( Kappaphycus alvarezii) and Seagrass ( Cymodocea serrulata). Foods 2023; 12:2811. [PMID: 37509902 PMCID: PMC10379174 DOI: 10.3390/foods12142811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work was performed to evaluate the levels of phytochemical constituents and the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of marine red seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) and seagrass (Cymodocea serrulata). Quantitative phytochemical analysis, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity against five potential pathogenic bacteria was investigated. In each case, we found the presence of flavonoids, tannins, phenolic compounds, glycosides, steroids, carbohydrates and ashes. Alkaloids were only found in K. alvarezii, though they were not found in C. serrulata. The antimicrobial properties of both K. alvarezii and C. serrulata chloroform extracts were found to be antagonistically effective against the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and the Gram-negative bacteria Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio harveyi and Klebsiella pneumoniae. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 94 bioactive compounds in K. alvarezii and 104 bioactive compounds in C. serrulata, including phenol, decane, dodecane, hexadecane, vanillin, heptadecane, diphenylamine, benzophenone, octadecanoic acid, dotriaconate, benzene, phytol, butanoic acid and 2-hydroxyl-ethyl ether, which all played important roles in antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Thus, in view of the results, both K. alvarezii and C. serrulata could be considered to be sources of ingredients with appreciable nutritional and medicinal value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deep Das
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Area Studies, School of Marine Sciences, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abimannan Arulkumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Achariya Arts and Science College (Affiliated to Pondicherry University), Villiabur, Puducherry 605 110, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sadayan Paramasivam
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Area Studies, School of Marine Sciences, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aroa Lopez-Santamarina
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Alicia Del Carmen Mondragon
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Miranda Lopez
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
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Rathee P, Sehrawat R, Rathee P, Khatkar A, Akkol EK, Khatkar S, Redhu N, Türkcanoğlu G, Sobarzo-Sánchez E. Polyphenols: Natural Preservatives with Promising Applications in Food, Cosmetics and Pharma Industries; Problems and Toxicity Associated with Synthetic Preservatives; Impact of Misleading Advertisements; Recent Trends in Preservation and Legislation. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:4793. [PMID: 37445107 PMCID: PMC10343617 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The global market of food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products requires continuous tracking of harmful ingredients and microbial contamination for the sake of the safety of both products and consumers as these products greatly dominate the consumer's health, directly or indirectly. The existence, survival, and growth of microorganisms in the product may lead to physicochemical degradation or spoilage and may infect the consumer at another end. It has become a challenge for industries to produce a product that is safe, self-stable, and has high nutritional value, as many factors such as physical, chemical, enzymatic, or microbial activities are responsible for causing spoilage to the product within the due course of time. Thus, preservatives are added to retain the virtue of the product to ensure its safety for the consumer. Nowadays, the use of synthetic/artificial preservatives has become common and has not been widely accepted by consumers as they are aware of the fact that exposure to preservatives can lead to adverse effects on health, which is a major area of concern for researchers. Naturally occurring phenolic compounds appear to be extensively used as bio-preservatives to prolong the shelf life of the finished product. Based on the convincing shreds of evidence reported in the literature, it is suggested that phenolic compounds and their derivatives have massive potential to be investigated for the development of new moieties and are proven to be promising drug molecules. The objective of this article is to provide an overview of the significant role of phenolic compounds and their derivatives in the preservation of perishable products from microbial attack due to their exclusive antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties and the problems associated with the use of synthetic preservatives in pharmaceutical products. This article also analyzes the recent trends in preservation along with technical norms that regulate the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical products in the developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Rathee
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baba Mastnath University, Rohtak 124021, India;
| | - Renu Sehrawat
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences, K.R. Mangalam University, Gurugram 122103, India;
| | - Pooja Rathee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India;
| | - Anurag Khatkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India;
| | - Esra Küpeli Akkol
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara 06330, Turkey;
| | - Sarita Khatkar
- Vaish Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Rohtak 124001, India;
| | - Neelam Redhu
- Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India;
| | - Gizem Türkcanoğlu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara 06330, Turkey;
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación y Postgrado, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago 8330507, Chile
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Marquez-Escalante JA, Carvajal-Millan E, Martínez-López AL, Martínez-Robinson KG, Campa-Mada AC, Rascon-Chu A. Fine structural features and antioxidant capacity of ferulated arabinoxylans extracted from nixtamalized maize bran. J Sci Food Agric 2023; 103:4584-4591. [PMID: 36852427 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nixtamalization process improves the nutritional and technological properties of maize. This process generates nixtamalized maize bran as a by-product, which is a source of arabinoxylans (AX). AX are polysaccharides constituted of a xylose backbone with mono- or di-arabinose substitutions, which can be ester-linked to ferulic acid (FA). The present study investigated the fine structural features and antioxidant capacity (AC) of nixtamalized maize bran arabinoxylans (MBAX) to comprehend the structure-radical scavenging capacity relationship in this polysaccharide deeply. RESULTS MBAX presented a molecular weight, intrinsic viscosity, and hydrodynamic radius of 674 kDa, 1.8 dL g-1 , and 24.6 nm, respectively. The arabinose-to-xylose ratio (A/X) and FA content were 0.74 and 0.25 g kg-1 polysaccharide, respectively. MBAX contained dimers (di-FA) and trimer (tri-FA) of FA (0.14 and 0.07 g kg-1 polysaccharide, respectively). The main di-FA isomer was the 8-5' structure (80%). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed MBAX molecular identity, and the second derivate of the spectral data revealed a band at 958 cm-1 related to the presence of arabinose disubstitution. 1 H-Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed mono- and di-arabinose substitution in the xylan backbone with more monosubstituted residues. MBAX registered an AC of 25 and 20 μmol Trolox equivalents g-1 polysaccharide despite a low FA content, using ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) methods, respectively. CONCLUSION AC in MBAX could be related to the high A/X ratio (mainly monosubstitution) and the high 8-5' di-FA proportion in this polysaccharide. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Marquez-Escalante
- Biopolymers Laboratory, Research Center for Food and Development (CIAD, AC), Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Carvajal-Millan
- Biopolymers Laboratory, Research Center for Food and Development (CIAD, AC), Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Ana L Martínez-López
- NANO-VAC Research Group, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Karla G Martínez-Robinson
- Biopolymers Laboratory, Research Center for Food and Development (CIAD, AC), Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Alma C Campa-Mada
- Biopolymers Laboratory, Research Center for Food and Development (CIAD, AC), Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Agustín Rascon-Chu
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Research Center for Food and Development (CIAD, AC), Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
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18
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Aleksandrova Y, Munkuev A, Mozhaitsev E, Suslov E, Tsypyshev D, Chaprov K, Begunov R, Volcho K, Salakhutdinov N, Neganova M. Elaboration of the Effective Multi-Target Therapeutic Platform for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease Based on Novel Monoterpene-Derived Hydroxamic Acids. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119743. [PMID: 37298694 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel monoterpene-based hydroxamic acids of two structural types were synthesized for the first time. The first type consisted of compounds with a hydroxamate group directly bound to acyclic, monocyclic and bicyclic monoterpene scaffolds. The second type included hydroxamic acids connected with the monoterpene moiety through aliphatic (hexa/heptamethylene) or aromatic linkers. An in vitro analysis of biological activity demonstrated that some of these molecules had powerful HDAC6 inhibitory activity, with the presence of a linker area in the structure of compounds playing a key role. In particular, it was found that hydroxamic acids containing a hexa- and heptamethylene linker and (-)-perill fragment in the Cap group exhibit excellent inhibitory activity against HDAC6 with IC50 in the submicromolar range from 0.56 ± 0.01 µM to 0.74 ± 0.02 µM. The results of the study of antiradical activity demonstrated the presence of moderate ability for some hydroxamic acids to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2ROO• radicals. The correlation coefficient between the DPPH radical scavenging activity and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) value was R2 = 0.8400. In addition, compounds with an aromatic linker based on para-substituted cinnamic acids, having a monocyclic para-menthene skeleton as a Cap group, 35a, 38a, 35b and 38b, demonstrated a significant ability to suppress the aggregation of the pathological β-amyloid peptide 1-42. The 35a lead compound with a promising profile of biological activity, discovered in the in vitro experiments, demonstrated neuroprotective effects on in vivo models of Alzheimer's disease using 5xFAD transgenic mice. Together, the results obtained demonstrate a potential strategy for the use of monoterpene-derived hydroxamic acids for treatment of various aspects of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Aleksandrova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Severnij Pr. 1, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Aldar Munkuev
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave., 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Evgenii Mozhaitsev
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave., 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Evgenii Suslov
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave., 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Dmitry Tsypyshev
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave., 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Kirill Chaprov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Severnij Pr. 1, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Roman Begunov
- Biology and Ecology Faculty of P. G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University, Matrosova Ave., 9, Yaroslavl 150003, Russia
| | - Konstantin Volcho
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave., 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Nariman Salakhutdinov
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave., 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Margarita Neganova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Severnij Pr. 1, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
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Ullah S, Khalid R, Rehman MF, Irfan MI, Abbas A, Alhoshani A, Anwar F, Amin HMA. Biosynthesis of phyto-functionalized silver nanoparticles using olive fruit extract and evaluation of their antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Front Chem 2023; 11:1202252. [PMID: 37324561 PMCID: PMC10262211 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1202252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The green synthesis of nanomaterials is of utmost interest as it offers an eco-friendly approach over chemical synthetic routes. However, the reported biosynthesis methods are often time-consuming and require heating or mechanical stirring. The current study reports a facile one-pot biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) mediated by olive fruit extract (OFE) and sunlight irradiation of only 20 s. OFE acts as both a reducing and a capping agent for the formation of OFE-capped AgNPs (AgNPs@OFE). The as-synthesized NPs were systematically characterized by UV-vis spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electrochemical microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and cyclic voltammetry. SEM images confirmed the successful formation of monodispersed spherical AgNPs@OFE of approximately 77 nm. FTIR spectroscopy suggested the involvement of functional groups of phytochemicals from the OFE in the capping and reduction of Ag+ to Ag. The particles revealed excellent colloidal stability as evidenced from the high zeta potential (ZP) value (-40 mV). Interestingly, using the disk diffusion method, AgNPs@OFE revealed higher inhibition efficiency against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Salmonella typhi) than Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), with Escherichia coli showing the highest inhibition zone of 27 mm. In addition, AgNPs@OFE exhibited maximum potent antioxidant scavenging potential against H2O2, followed by DPPH, O2 -, and OH- free radicals. Overall, OFE can be considered an effective source for the sustainable production of stable AgNPs with potential antioxidant and antibacterial activities for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Ullah
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Rimsha Khalid
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad F. Rehman
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad I. Irfan
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Abbas
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Ali Alhoshani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farooq Anwar
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hatem M. A. Amin
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Analytical Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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20
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Lapčík L, Řepka D, Lapčíková B, Sumczynski D, Gautam S, Li P, Valenta T. A Physicochemical Study of the Antioxidant Activity of Corn Silk Extracts. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112159. [PMID: 37297404 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Corn silk (CS) extracts are reported to contain flavonoids (appx. 59.65 mg quercetin/g), polysaccharides (appx. 58.75 w.%), steroids (appx. 38.3 × 10-3 to 368.9 × 10-3 mg/mL), polyphenols (appx. 77.89 mg/GAE/g) and other functional biological substances. This study investigated the antioxidant activity of corn silk extracts related to their functional compounds. The radical scavenging effect of corn silk extracts was evaluated by the spin-trapping electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS•+) free radical measurement, ferric ion-reducing antioxidant power, and copper ion reductive capacity. It was found that the maturity stage of CS plant materials and the applied extraction procedure of their bioactive compounds have a profound effect on the radical scavenging capacity. Differences in the antioxidant activity of the studied corn silk samples based on their maturity were also confirmed. The strongest DPPH radical scavenging effect was observed for the corn silk mature stage (CS-M)stage (CS-MS) (65.20 ± 0.90)%, followed by the silky stage (CS-S) (59.33 ± 0.61)% and the milky stage (CS-M) (59.20 ± 0.92)%, respectively. In general, the final maturity stage (CS-MS) provided the most potent antioxidant effect, followed by the earliest maturity stage (CS-S) and the second maturity stage (CS-M).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubomír Lapčík
- Department of Foodstuff Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Nam. T.G. Masaryka 275, CZ-762 72 Zlin, Czech Republic
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 12, CZ-771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - David Řepka
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 12, CZ-771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Lapčíková
- Department of Foodstuff Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Nam. T.G. Masaryka 275, CZ-762 72 Zlin, Czech Republic
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 12, CZ-771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Sumczynski
- Department of Foodstuff Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Nam. T.G. Masaryka 275, CZ-762 72 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Shweta Gautam
- Department of Foodstuff Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Nam. T.G. Masaryka 275, CZ-762 72 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Foodstuff Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Nam. T.G. Masaryka 275, CZ-762 72 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Valenta
- Department of Foodstuff Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Nam. T.G. Masaryka 275, CZ-762 72 Zlin, Czech Republic
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21
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Mohite P, Shah SR, Singh S, Rajput T, Munde S, Ade N, Prajapati BG, Paliwal H, Mori DD, Dudhrejiya AV. Chitosan and chito-oligosaccharide: a versatile biopolymer with endless grafting possibilities for multifarious applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1190879. [PMID: 37274159 PMCID: PMC10235636 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1190879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chito-oligosaccharides (COS), derived from chitosan (CH), are attracting increasing attention as drug delivery carriers due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mucoadhesive properties. Grafting, the process of chemically modifying CH/COS by adding side chains, has been used to improve their drug delivery performance by enhancing their stability, targeted delivery, and controlled release. In this review, we aim to provide an in-depth study on the recent advances in the grafting of CH/COS for multifarious applications. Moreover, the various strategies and techniques used for grafting, including chemical modification, enzymatic modification, and physical modification, are elaborated. The properties of grafted CH/COS, such as stability, solubility, and biocompatibility, were reported. Additionally, the review detailed the various applications of grafted CH/COS in drug delivery, including the delivery of small drug molecule, proteins, and RNA interference therapeutics. Furthermore, the effectiveness of grafted CH/COS in improving the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs was included. Finally, the challenges and limitations associated with the use of grafted CH/COS for drug delivery and outline directions for future research are addressed. The insights provided in this review will be valuable for researchers and drug development professionals interested in the application of grafted CH/COS for multifarious applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Popat Mohite
- AETs St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Palghar, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sunny R. Shah
- B. K. Mody Government Pharmacy College, Gujarat Technological University, Rajkot, India
| | - Sudarshan Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Tanavirsing Rajput
- AETs St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Palghar, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shubham Munde
- AETs St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Palghar, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nitin Ade
- AETs St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Palghar, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bhupendra G. Prajapati
- Shree S. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ganpat University, Kherva, India
| | - Himanshu Paliwal
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Dhaval D. Mori
- B. K. Mody Government Pharmacy College, Gujarat Technological University, Rajkot, India
| | - Ashvin V. Dudhrejiya
- B. K. Mody Government Pharmacy College, Gujarat Technological University, Rajkot, India
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22
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Cañas S, Rebollo-Hernanz M, Bermúdez-Gómez P, Rodríguez-Rodríguez P, Braojos C, Gil-Ramírez A, Benítez V, Aguilera Y, Martín-Cabrejas MA. Radical Scavenging and Cellular Antioxidant Activity of the Cocoa Shell Phenolic Compounds after Simulated Digestion. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051007. [PMID: 37237874 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The cocoa industry generates a considerable quantity of cocoa shell, a by-product with high levels of methylxanthines and phenolic compounds. Nevertheless, the digestion process can extensively modify these compounds' bioaccessibility, bioavailability, and bioactivity as a consequence of their transformation. Hence, this work's objective was to assess the influence of simulated gastrointestinal digestion on the concentration of phenolic compounds found in the cocoa shell flour (CSF) and the cocoa shell extract (CSE), as well as to investigate their radical scavenging capacity and antioxidant activity in both intestinal epithelial (IEC-6) and hepatic (HepG2) cells. The CSF and the CSE exhibited a high amount of methylxanthines (theobromine and caffeine) and phenolic compounds, mainly gallic acid and (+)-catechin, which persisted through the course of the simulated digestion. Gastrointestinal digestion increased the antioxidant capacity of the CSF and the CSE, which also displayed free radical scavenging capacity during the simulated digestion. Neither the CSF nor the CSE exhibited cytotoxicity in intestinal epithelial (IEC-6) or hepatic (HepG2) cells. Moreover, they effectively counteracted oxidative stress triggered by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) while preventing the decline of glutathione, thiol groups, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities in both cell lines. Our study suggests that the cocoa shell may serve as a functional food ingredient for promoting health, owing to its rich concentration of antioxidant compounds that could support combating the cellular oxidative stress associated with chronic disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cañas
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, UAM-CSIC), C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Rebollo-Hernanz
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, UAM-CSIC), C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Bermúdez-Gómez
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, UAM-CSIC), C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo 2, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cheyenne Braojos
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, UAM-CSIC), C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Gil-Ramírez
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, UAM-CSIC), C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanesa Benítez
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, UAM-CSIC), C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Aguilera
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, UAM-CSIC), C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - María A Martín-Cabrejas
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, UAM-CSIC), C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Brudzynski K. Unexpected Value of Honey Color for Prediction of a Non-Enzymatic H 2O 2 Production and Honey Antibacterial Activity: A Perspective. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040526. [PMID: 37110183 PMCID: PMC10141347 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide is the principal antibacterial compound of honey and its concentration determines honey bacteriostatic (MIC) and bactericidal (MBC) potencies. Levels of H2O2 produced are highly relevant to honey therapeutic potential, but they vary extensively among honey with reasons not immediately apparent. According to a traditional view, H2O2 is produced as a by-product of glucose oxidation by the honey bee enzyme, glucose oxidase; however, significant levels of H2O2 could be produced in a non-enzymatic way via polyphenol autooxidation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential for such an alternative pathway by re-examining evidence from many experimental and correlative studies in order to identify factors and compounds required for pro-oxidant activity. Unexpectedly, the color intensity was found to be the main indicator separating honey varieties based on the quantitative differences in the polyphenolic content, antioxidant activity and the content of transition metals, Fe, Cu and Mn, the main factors required for pro-oxidant effects. The color-impeding polyphenolics and their oxidation products (semiquinones and quinones) further contributed to color development through multiple chemical conjugations with proteins, phenolic oxidative polymerization, chelation or the reduction of metal ions. Moreover, quinones, as an intrinsic part of polyphenol redox activity, play an active role in the formation of higher-order structures, melanoidins and colloids in honey. The latter structures are also known to chelate metal ions, potentially contributing to H2O2 production. Thus, the color intensity appears as a major parameter that integrates polyphenol-dependent pro-oxidant reactions resulting in H2O2 generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Brudzynski
- Department of Drug Discovery, Bee-Biomedicals Inc., St. Catharines, ON L2T 3T4, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Formerly, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
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Yılmaz MA, Taslimi P, Kılıç Ö, Gülçin İ, Dey A, Bursal E. Unravelling the phenolic compound reserves, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of an endemic plant species, Achillea pseudoaleppica. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:445-456. [PMID: 34822320 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.2007792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The present ethnobotanical study unravelled the phenolic reservoir (UHPLC-MS/TQ-MS) and pharmacological activity (antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities) of an endemic plant, Achillea pseudoaleppica Hub.-Mor. (Asteraceae). The effective antioxidant properties of ethanol and water extracts of A. pseudoaleppica leaves were determined by using six different in vitro bioanalytical methods including three reducing antioxidant methods and three radical scavenging antioxidant methods. In the other step of the study, the enzyme inhibitory effects of water and ethanol extracts of A. pseudoaleppica were determined against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), α-amylase, and α-glucosidase enzymes. The ethanol extract was found to have effective inhibition potential for all four respected enzymes. The IC50 values of A. pseudoaleppica extract against AChE, BChE, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase enzymes were found to be 2.67 mg/mL, 4.55 mg/mL, 16.51 mg/mL, and 12.37 mg/mL, respectively. Also, UHPLC-MS/TQ-MS analyses revealed quinic acid as the most abundant phenolic compound of the water extract (31.12 ± 1.65 µg/mg) and ethanol extract (11.75 ± 0.82 µg/mg). In addition, the molecular docking interaction of the most abundant phenolic compound of A. pseudoaleppica (quinic acid) with AChE, BChE, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase target enzymes were evaluated using Chimera and AutoDock Vina softwares. In conclusion, the rich phenolic content and the potent antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties of A. pseudoaleppica extracts may support the widespread ethnobotanical use of the plant application.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Abdullah Yılmaz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Parham Taslimi
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biotechnology, Bartin University, Bartin, Turkey
| | - Ömer Kılıç
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - İlhami Gülçin
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Ercan Bursal
- Faculty of Health, Department of Nursing, Muş Alparslan University, Muş, Turkey
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Milanović Ž, Dimić D, Klein E, Biela M, Lukeš V, Žižić M, Avdović E, Bešlo D, Vojinović R, Dimitrić Marković J, Marković Z. Degradation Mechanisms of 4,7-Dihydroxycoumarin Derivatives in Advanced Oxidation Processes: Experimental and Kinetic DFT Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:2046. [PMID: 36767412 PMCID: PMC9916318 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Coumarins represent a broad class of compounds with pronounced pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential. The pursuit of the commercialization of these compounds requires the establishment of controlled and highly efficient degradation processes, such as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Application of this methodology necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the degradation mechanisms of these compounds. For this reason, possible reaction routes between HO• and recently synthesized aminophenol 4,7-dihydroxycoumarin derivatives, as model systems, were examined using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and a quantum mechanical approach (a QM-ORSA methodology) based on density functional theory (DFT). The EPR results indicated that all compounds had significantly reduced amounts of HO• radicals present in the reaction system under physiological conditions. The kinetic DFT study showed that all investigated compounds reacted with HO• via HAT/PCET and SPLET mechanisms. The estimated overall rate constants (koverall) correlated with the EPR results satisfactorily. Unlike HO• radicals, the newly formed radicals did not show (or showed negligible) activity towards biomolecule models representing biological targets. Inactivation of the formed radical species through the synergistic action of O2/NOx or the subsequent reaction with HO• was thermodynamically favored. The ecotoxicity assessment of the starting compounds and oxidation products, formed in multistage reactions with O2/NOx and HO•, indicated that the formed products showed lower acute and chronic toxicity effects on aquatic organisms than the starting compounds, which is a prerequisite for the application of AOPs procedures in the degradation of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Žiko Milanović
- Department of Science, Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dušan Dimić
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 12−16 Studentski Trg, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Erik Klein
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Monika Biela
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vladimír Lukeš
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Milan Žižić
- Life Sciences Department, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Edina Avdović
- Department of Science, Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Drago Bešlo
- Department of Agroecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, University Josip Juraj Strossmayer Osijek, Vladimir Prelog 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Radiša Vojinović
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevc, Serbia
| | | | - Zoran Marković
- Department of Science, Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Chemical-Technological Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, Vuka Karadžića bb, 36300 Novi Pazar, Serbia
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Bock A, Kieserling H, Steinhäuser U, Rohn S. Impact of Phenolic Acid Derivatives on the Oxidative Stability of β-Lactoglobulin-Stabilized Emulsions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12. [PMID: 36671043 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins, such as β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg), are often used to stabilize oil-water-emulsions. By using an additional implementation of phenolic compounds (PC) that might interact with the proteins, the oxidative stability can be further improved. Whether PC have a certain pro-oxidant effect on oxidation processes, while interacting non-covalently (pH-6) or covalently (pH.9) with the interfacial protein-film, is not known. This study aimed to characterize the impact of phenolic acid derivatives (PCDs) on the antioxidant efficacy of the interfacial β-Lg-film, depending on their structural properties and pH-value. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analyses were performed to assess the radical scavenging in the aqueous and oil phases of the emulsion, and the complexation of transition metals: these are well known to act as pro-oxidants. Finally, in a model linseed oil emulsion, lipid oxidation products were analyzed over storage time in order to characterize the antioxidant efficacy of the interfacial protein-film. The results showed that, at pH.6, PCDs can scavenge hydrophilic radicals and partially scavenge hydrophobic radicals, as well as reduce transition metals. As expected, transition metals are complexed to only a slight degree, leading to an increased lipid oxidation through non-complexed reduced transition metals. At pH.9, there is a strong complexation between PCDs and the transition metals and, therefore, a decreased ability to reduce the transition metals; these do not promote lipid oxidation in the emulsion anymore.
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Abdullah, Khan MA, Adhikari A. Radical Scavenging, Anti-Inflammatory, and Hepatoprotective Activities of Pentacyclic Triterpene isolated from Rosa webbiana. Curr Drug Targets 2023; 24:1282-1291. [PMID: 37957908 DOI: 10.2174/0113894501261030231101184216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rosa webbiana (RW) Wall Ex. Royle is used in traditional medicine in Pakistan for the treatment of several diseases including jaundice. To date, only neuroprotective potential of the plant has been evaluated. OBJECTIVE The current study was designed to isolate bioactive compound(s) and investigate its possible radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities. METHODS Column chromatography was done to isolate compounds from the chloroform fraction of RW. The compound was characterized by mass spectrometry, 1H-NMR, and 2D-NMR spectroscopy. Radical scavenging activity was assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) assays, while anti-inflammatory potential was evaluated via xylene-induced ear edema and carrageenan-induced paw edema models. For hepatoprotection, CCl4-induced model in mice was used. RESULTS A triterpene compound (3α, 21β-dihydroxy-olean-12-ene) was isolated from RW fruits (ARW1). The compound exhibited DPPH and H2O2 scavenging activities 61 ± 1.31% and 66 ± 0.48% respectively at 500 μg/ml. ARW1 (at 50 mg/kg) exhibited 62.9 ± 0.15% inhibition of xylene-induced ear edema and 66.6 ± 0.17% carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice. In CCl4-induced hepatotoxic mice, ARW1 significantly countered elevation in alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (T.B), and reduction in total protein (T.P) levels. Liver histomorphological study supported the serum biochemical profile for hepatoprotection. Moreover, ARW1 significantly attenuated the toxic changes in body and liver weight induced by CCl4. CONCLUSION The compound ARW1 exhibited anti-radical, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects. The anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities may be attributed to anti-oxidant potential of the compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mir Azam Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Achyut Adhikari
- Central Department of Chemistry Tribhuvan University Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Varna D, Geromichalou E, Karlioti G, Papi R, Dalezis P, Hatzidimitriou AG, Psomas G, Choli-Papadopoulou T, Trafalis DT, Angaridis PA. Inhibition of Cancer Cell Proliferation and Bacterial Growth by Silver(I) Complexes Bearing a CH 3-Substituted Thiadiazole-Based Thioamide. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28010336. [PMID: 36615533 PMCID: PMC9823356 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Ag(I) coordination compounds have recently attracted much attention as antiproliferative and antibacterial agents against a wide range of cancer cell lines and pathogens. The bioactivity potential of these complexes depends on their structural characteristics and the nature of their ligands. Herein, we present a series of four Ag(I) coordination compounds bearing as ligands the CH3-substituted thiadiazole-based thioamide 5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol (mtdztH) and phosphines, i.e., [AgCl(mtdztH)(PPh3)2] (1), [Ag(mtdzt)(PPh3)3] (2), [AgCl(mtdztH)(xantphos)] (3), and [AgmtdztH)(dppe)(NO3)]n (4), where xantphos = 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene and dppe = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, and the assessment of their in vitro antibacterial and anti-cancer efficiency. Among them, diphosphine-containing compounds 3 and 4 were found to exhibit broad-spectrum antibacterial activity characteristics against both Gram-(+) and Gram-(-) bacterial strains, showing high in vitro bioactivity with IC50 values as low as 4.6 μΜ. In vitro cytotoxicity studies against human ovarian, pancreatic, lung, and prostate cancer cell lines revealed the strong cytotoxic potential of 2 and 4, with IC50 values in the range of 3.1-24.0 μΜ, while 3 and 4 maintained the normal fibroblast cells' viability at relatively higher levels. Assessment of these results, in combination with those obtained for analogous Ag(I) complexes bearing similar heterocyclic thioamides, suggest the pivotal role of the substituent groups of the thioamide heterocyclic ring in the antibacterial and anti-cancer efficacy of the respective Ag(I) complexes. Compounds 1-4 exhibited moderate in vitro antioxidant capacity for free radicals scavenging, as well as reasonably strong ability to interact with calf-thymus DNA, suggesting the likely implication of these properties in their bioactivity mechanisms. Complementary insights into the possible mechanism of their anti-cancer activity were provided by molecular docking calculations, exploring their ability to bind to the overexpressed fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1), affecting cancer cells' functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Varna
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Elena Geromichalou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Karlioti
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Rigini Papi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Dalezis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios G. Hatzidimitriou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Psomas
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodora Choli-Papadopoulou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios T. Trafalis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (D.T.T.); (P.A.A.)
| | - Panagiotis A. Angaridis
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: (D.T.T.); (P.A.A.)
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Kumar A, Prajapati S, Sharma M, Singh T, Choudhary N, Bharti AC, Sharma R, Gupta P. Quantitative assessment of antioxidant potential of selected homeopathic preparations in clinical practice. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2022:dmdi-2022-0169. [PMID: 36577508 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2022-0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Antioxidant property like radical scavenging is a primary target to elucidate the efficacy mechanism of a drug against diseases linked to oxidative stress such as cancer, metabolic disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, etc. In alternative therapies, homeopathy is one of the preferred choices by patients and clinicians due to its potential to cure chronic and complex illnesses. However, the efficacy of homeopathic preparations at high diluted potencies attracts rational criticism due to insufficient scientific knowledge supporting the mechanism of action. Therefore, an attempt was made to estimate the total phenolic content (TPC) and radical scavenging activity of clinically prescribed homeopathic drugs. METHODS With gallic acid as a reference control, mother tinctures (MTs) and different potencies of Eucalyptus globulus (EG), Syzygium jambolanum (SJ), Ruta graveolens (RG), and Thuja occidentalis (TO) were used to perform Folin-Ciocalteu test, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. RESULTS The results showed TPC of MTs equivalent to µg/mL of gallic acid viz; EG (4,872.5 ± 133.2), SJ (8,840.5 ± 14.8), RG (985.6 ± 39.1), and TO (341.5 ± 19.5) with significant ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging potential. Whereas 30C and 200C potencies of each homeopathic drug showed undetectable phenolic content and insignificant radical scavenging potential compared to vehicle control, i.e., alcohol 90% (2.0 ± 1.5). CONCLUSIONS The reported efficacy of 30C and 200C potencies of homeopathic medicines against oxidative stress-related illnesses might be due to mechanisms other than radical scavenging. Furthermore, the assays studied can be helpful in drug standardization and quality control of MTs that are used as starting material in homeopathic preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Drug Standardization Unit, Dr. DP Rastogi Central Research Institute of Homeopathy, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, Noida 201301, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Department of Zoology, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi- 110007 , India
| | - Suneel Prajapati
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Drug Standardization Unit, Dr. DP Rastogi Central Research Institute of Homeopathy, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, Noida 201301, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mahima Sharma
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Drug Standardization Unit, Dr. DP Rastogi Central Research Institute of Homeopathy, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, Noida 201301, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tejveer Singh
- Department of Zoology, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi- 110007 , India
| | - Neha Choudhary
- Centre for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Alok C Bharti
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Pankaj Gupta
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Drug Standardization Unit, Dr. DP Rastogi Central Research Institute of Homeopathy, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, Noida 201301, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Ogawa S, Iuchi K, Tsubomura T, Totani K, Hara S. Stabilizer-free Vitamin E Nanovehicle for Biological Research. J Oleo Sci 2022; 71:1531-1540. [PMID: 36089404 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess22207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In molecular biology research, a vitamin E (VE) vehicle (VE dissolved in organic solvent) is often added to water media without a stabilizer. However, the detailed behavior of VE colloids in water media is unclear. In this study, we reveal that VE nanoemulsion readily forms in water-based media through the existing protocol. The colloid size was changed from 39 nm to the submicron scale by adjusting the initial concentration of the VE solution and adding a buffer. The radical scavenging effect of the dispersed nanosized VEs is comparable to that of the water-soluble antioxidant Trolox, providing excellent antioxidant performance in colloid form. The cytoprotection effect of the VE colloids under a lipid oxidation condition largely depends on the size of the nanodispersion. Smaller dispersed particles are more efficient radical scavengers than larger particles for a constant VE amount owing to sophisticated uptake behavior of cell. This unveiled fundamental knowledge pave the way for a preparative protocol of stabilizer-free VE vehicles, which are expected to become widely used in molecular biology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigesaburo Ogawa
- Department of Food, Aroma and Cosmetic Chemistry, Faculty of Bio-industry, Tokyo University of Agriculture
| | - Katsuya Iuchi
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis and Cancer Prevention, Saitama Cancer Center
| | - Taro Tsubomura
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University
| | - Kiichiro Totani
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University
| | - Setsuko Hara
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University
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Kavi Kishor PB, Suravajhala P, Rathnagiri P, Sreenivasulu N. Intriguing Role of Proline in Redox Potential Conferring High Temperature Stress Tolerance. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:867531. [PMID: 35795343 PMCID: PMC9252438 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.867531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Proline is a proteinogenic amino acid synthesized from glutamate and ornithine. Pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase and pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase are the two key enzymes involved in proline synthesis from glutamate. On the other hand, ornithine-δ-aminotransferase converts ornithine to pyrroline 5-carboxylate (P5C), an intermediate in the synthesis of proline as well as glutamate. Both proline dehydrogenase and P5C dehydrogenase convert proline back to glutamate. Proline accumulation is widespread in response to environmental challenges such as high temperatures, and it is known to defend plants against unpropitious situations promoting plant growth and flowering. While proline accumulation is positively correlated with heat stress tolerance in some crops, it has detrimental consequences in others. Although it has been established that proline is a key osmolyte, its exact physiological function during heat stress and plant ontogeny remains unknown. Emerging evidence pointed out its role as an overriding molecule in alleviating high temperature stress (HTS) by quenching singlet oxygen and superoxide radicals. Proline cycle acts as a shuttle and the redox couple (NAD+/NADH, NADP+/NADPH) appears to be highly crucial for energy transfer among different cellular compartments during plant development, exposure to HTS conditions and also during the recovery of stress. In this review, the progress made in recent years regarding its involvement in heat stress tolerance is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. B. Kavi Kishor
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology & Research (Deemed to Be University), Guntur, India
| | - Prashanth Suravajhala
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kerala, India
| | - P. Rathnagiri
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology & Research (Deemed to Be University), Guntur, India
| | - Nese Sreenivasulu
- Consumer-Driven Grain Quality and Nutrition Research Unit, International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines
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Al Jumayi HA, Allam AY, El-Beltagy AED, Algarni EH, Mahmoud SF, El Halim Kandil AA. Bioactive Compound, Antioxidant, and Radical Scavenging Activity of Some Plant Aqueous Extracts for Enhancing Shelf Life of Cold-Stored Rabbit Meat. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061056. [PMID: 35739953 PMCID: PMC9219945 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential radical scavenging, antioxidant activities (DPPH and ABTS) and bioactive constituents of several plant aqueous extracts (Curcuma longa, CL; Myristica fragrans, MF; Zingiber officinale, ZO; Cymbopogon citratus, CC and Thymus vulgaris, TV as well as their mixture) were investigated. The effect of these extracts on quality aspects (sensory characteristic, color traits, and Thiobarbituric acid) of rabbit meat during a 16-day cold (4 ± 2 °C) storage were investigated. Total phenolics and flavonoid contents of all extracts ranged from 13.27 ± 0.57 to 25.23 ± 0.49 mg GAE/g and 6.57 ± 0.22 to 13.24 ± 0.19 mg quercetin/g, respectively. The aqueous extract of MF had the highest (p ≤ 0.05) ABTS scavenging activity (4.55 μ mol Te/g dry extract), whereas the highest (p < 0.05) DPPH scavenging activity was detected in ZO extract (9.32 μ mol Te/g dry extract). Identification of extracts’ bioactive compounds by GC-MS revealed that Eugenol (34.51%), Cinnamaldehyde (44.71%), Carvacrol (40.49%), Eicosane aldehyde (31.73%), and thymol (50.04%) are the first abundant bioactive compounds of CL, MF, ZO, CC, and TV aqueous extracts, respectively. Generally, the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) of all cold stored rabbit meat increased (p < 0.05) by increasing the storage time. The lowest TBARS values were detected for the samples treated with 0.2% of plant extracts mixture, which increased the shelf life of cold-stored rabbits by 50%. Significant (p < 0.05) increases in both L* and b* were observed with extended storage time. Meanwhile, the redness of the cold stored rabbit meat had an opposite trend. Treating the cold stored rabbit meat with 0.2% of the extract’s mixture doubled the storage time with acceptable odor and taste. The results indicated that the studied plant extracts may be effective against rancidity and may be used as a natural antioxidant to prolong the shelf life of cold-stored rabbit meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda Abdalrahman Al Jumayi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.A.J.); (E.H.A.)
| | - Ayman Younes Allam
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Shibin El Kom 32511, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (A.Y.A.); (A.E.-D.E.-B.); Tel.: +20-1025264909 (A.Y.A.); +966-548787328 (A.E.-D.E.-B.)
| | - Alaa El-Dein El-Beltagy
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.A.J.); (E.H.A.)
- Correspondence: (A.Y.A.); (A.E.-D.E.-B.); Tel.: +20-1025264909 (A.Y.A.); +966-548787328 (A.E.-D.E.-B.)
| | - Eman Hassan Algarni
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.A.J.); (E.H.A.)
| | - Samy F. Mahmoud
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amin Abd El Halim Kandil
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Shibin El Kom 32511, Egypt;
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Jia R, Tang C, Chen J, Zhang X, Wang Z. Total Phenolics and Anthocyanins Contents and Antioxidant Activity in Four Different Aerial Parts of Leafy Sweet Potato ( Ipomoea batatas L.). Molecules 2022; 27:3117. [PMID: 35630594 PMCID: PMC9146295 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Leafy sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is an excellent source of nutritious greens and natural antioxidants, but reports on antioxidants content and activity at buds, leaves, petioles, and stems are scarce. Therefore, the total phenolics content (TPC), total anthocyanins content (TAC), and antioxidant activity (assessed by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)) were investigated in four aerial parts of 11 leafy sweet potato varieties. The results showed that varieties with pure green aerial parts, independently of the part analyzed, had higher TPC, FRAP, and ABTS radical scavenging activities. The green-purple varieties had a significantly higher TAC, while variety GS-17-22 had the highest TAC in apical buds and leaves, and variety Ziyang in petioles and stems. Among all parts, apical buds presented the highest TPC and antioxidant capacity, followed by leaves, petioles, and stems, while the highest TAC level was detected in leaves. The TPC was positively correlated with ABTS radical scavenging activity and FRAP in all parts studied, whereas the TAC was negatively correlated with DPPH radical scavenging activity. Collectively, the apical buds and leaves of sweet potato had the higher levels of nutritional values. These results would provide reference values for further breeding of leafy sweet potatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Jia
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China; (R.J.); (C.T.); (J.C.); (X.Z.)
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Changli 066600, China
| | - Chaochen Tang
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China; (R.J.); (C.T.); (J.C.); (X.Z.)
| | - Jingyi Chen
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China; (R.J.); (C.T.); (J.C.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiongjian Zhang
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China; (R.J.); (C.T.); (J.C.); (X.Z.)
| | - Zhangying Wang
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China; (R.J.); (C.T.); (J.C.); (X.Z.)
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Nadeem HR, Akhtar S, Sestili P, Ismail T, Neugart S, Qamar M, Esatbeyoglu T. Toxicity, Antioxidant Activity, and Phytochemicals of Basil ( Ocimum basilicum L.) Leaves Cultivated in Southern Punjab, Pakistan. Foods 2022; 11:1239. [PMID: 35563962 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is one of the most common aromatic herbs, a rich source of bioactive compounds, and is used extensively to add aroma and flavor to food. The leaves, both in fresh and dried form, are used as a culinary ingredient in different cultures. O. basilicum is also famous for its therapeutic potential and preservation effects. The present study investigated the cytotoxicity of basil at three different growth stages (GS), i.e., GS-1 (58 days of growth), GS-2 (69 days of growth), and GS-3 (93 days of growth) using the brine shrimp lethality assay. The results revealed that cytotoxicity was influenced by GS and the concentration of extracts. Aqueous extracts of basil at a concentration of 10 to 1000 µg/mL did not show notable toxicity. The lowest mortality rate, i.e., 8.9%, was recorded for GS-2 at the highest tested dose of basil extracts. The mortality rate at GS-1, GS-2, and GS-3 was found to be 26.7 ± 3.34%, 8.91 ± 0.10%, and 16.7 ± 0.34%, respectively, at 1000 µg/mL. GS-2 basil powder with the lowest toxicological risk was extracted with different solvents, viz., n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethanol, and water. The highest concentration of plant secondary metabolites including total phenolic acid, flavonoids, and tannin content was observed in ethanol extracts. Ethanol extracts also exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in DPPH, FRAP and H2O2 assays. LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis presented ethanol extracts of basil as a promising source of known health-promoting and therapeutic compounds such as rosmarinic acid, ellagic acid, catechin, liquiritigenin, and umbelliferone. The results suggest basil, a culinary ingredient, as a potential source of bioactive compounds which may offer an array of health promoting and therapeutic properties.
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Nenadis N, Samara E, Mantzouridou FT. On the Role of the Carboxyl Group to the Protective Effect of o-dihydroxybenzoic Acids to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cells upon Induced Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11010161. [PMID: 35052665 PMCID: PMC8773101 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present work, the role of the carboxyl group of o-dihydroxybenzoic acids (pyrocatechuic, 2,3-diOH-BA and protocatechuic, 3,4-diOH-BA) on the protection against induced oxidative stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was examined. Catechol (3,4-diOH-B) was included for comparison. Cell survival, antioxidant enzyme activities, and TBARS level were used to evaluate the efficiency upon the stress induced by H2O2 or cumene hydroperoxide. Theoretical calculation of atomic charge values, dipole moment, and a set of indices relevant to the redox properties of the compounds was also carried out in the liquid phase (water). Irrespective of the oxidant used, 2,3-diOH-BA required by far the lowest concentration (3–5 μM) to facilitate cell survival. The two acids did not activate catalase but reduced superoxide dismutase activity (3,4-diOH-BA>2,3-diOH-BA). TBARS assay showed an antioxidant effect only when H2O2 was used; equal activity for the two acids and inferior to that of 3,4-diOH B. Overall, theoretical and experimental findings suggest that the 2,3-diOH-BA high activity should be governed by metal chelation. In the case of 3,4-diOH BA, radical scavenging increases, and chelation capacity decreases. The lack of carboxyl moiety (3,4-diOH B) improves to radical scavenging, interaction with lipophilic free radicals, and antioxidant enzymes. The present study adds to our knowledge of the antioxidant mechanism of dietary phenols in biological systems.
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Antonijević MR, Avdović EH, Simijonović DM, Milanović ŽB, Amić AD, Marković ZS. Radical Scavenging Activity and Pharmacokinetic Properties of Coumarin-Hydroxybenzohydrazide Hybrids. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:490. [PMID: 35008914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Free radicals often interact with vital proteins, violating their structure and inhibiting their activity. In previous studies, synthesis, characterisation, and the antioxidative properties of the five different coumarin derivatives have been investigated. In the tests of potential toxicity, all compounds exhibited low toxicity with significant antioxidative potential at the same time. In this paper, the radical scavenging activity of the abovementioned coumarin derivatives towards ten different radical species was investigated. It was found that all investigated compounds show good radical scavenging ability, with results that are in correlation with the results published in the previous study. Three additional mechanisms of radical scavenging activity were investigated. It was found that all three mechanisms are thermodynamically plausible and in competition. Interestingly, it was found that products of the Double Hydrogen Atom Transfer (DHAT) mechanism, a biradical species in triplet spin state, are in some cases more stable than singlet spin state analogues. This unexpected trend can be explained by spin delocalisation over the hydrazide bridge and phenolic part of the molecule with a low probability of spin pairing. Besides radical-scavenging activity, the pharmacokinetic and drug-likeness of the coumarin hybrids were investigated. It was found that they exhibit good membrane and skin permeability and potential interactions with P-450 enzymes. Furthermore, it was found that investigated compounds satisfy all criteria of the drug-likeness tests, suggesting they possess a good preference for being used as potential drugs.
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Iqbal S, Kiran S, Perveen S, Malik R, Taha M, Khan KM, Perveen S, Choudhary MI. Synthesis and Evaluation of bis-Schiff Bases of Carbohydrazide as Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Agents. Med Chem 2021; 18:667-678. [PMID: 34931966 DOI: 10.2174/1573406418666211220123403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background & Introduction: Antioxidants are known to prevent oxidative stress-induced damage to the biomolecules and thus, delay the onset of cancers and many age-related diseases. Therefore, the development of novel and potent antioxidants is justified. METHOD During this study, we synthesized symmetrical bis-Schiff bases of carbohydrazide 1-27, and evaluated their in vitro antioxidative activity and cytotoxic activity. RESULTS Among synthesized compounds, six compounds 20 (IC50 = 12.89 ± 0.02 µM), 16 (IC50 = 14.32 ± 0.43 µM), 17 (IC50 = 18.52 ± 0.83 µM), 19 (IC50 = 22.84 ± 0.62 µM), 24 (IC50 = 35.1 ± 0.82 µM) and 15 (IC50 = 40.03 ± 1.06 µM) showed an excellent 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, better than the standard butylatedhydroxyanisole (BHA) (IC50 = 44.6 ± 0.6 µM). Likewise, two compounds 16 (IC50 = 4.3 ± 1.3 µM) and 20 (IC50 = 6.6 ± 1.6 µM) showed oxidative burst scavenging activity better than the standard drug ibuprofen (IC50 = 11.2 ± 1.9 µM). Some synthesized compounds showed good to moderate toxicity against prostate cancer (PC-3) cell lines. CONCLUSION This study has identified potent antioxidants and good cytotoxic agents with the potential to further investigate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarosh Iqbal
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad-38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shumaila Kiran
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Shahida Perveen
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Rizwana Malik
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Taha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Shahnaz Perveen
- PCSIR Laboratories Complex Karachi, Shahrah-e-Dr. Salimuzzaman Siddiqui, Karachi-75280, Pakistan
| | - M Iqbal Choudhary
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
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Milanović Ž, Dimić D, Žižić M, Milenković D, Marković Z, Avdović E. Mechanism of Antiradical Activity of Newly Synthesized 4,7-Dihydroxycoumarin Derivatives-Experimental and Kinetic DFT Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13273. [PMID: 34948070 PMCID: PMC8709309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coumarin derivatives have proven beneficial biological activities, but the mechanism of their radical scavenging potency is not fully understood. In this study, the antiradical capacity of two newly synthesized 4,7-dihydroxycoumarin derivatives: (E)-3-(1-((3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)amino)-ethylidene)-2,4-dioxochroman-7-yl acetate (A-3OH) and (E)-3-(1-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)amino)ethylidene)-2,4-dioxochroman-7-yl acetate (A-4OH) towards HO• were examined by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory (DFT). The compounds were fully characterized by the elemental microanalysis, IR, and NMR spectroscopies. The effect of pH on the acid-base equilibria is separately discussed and the predominant species at the physiological pH were determined. Several common mechanisms (Hydrogen Atom Transfer (HAT), Single-Electron Transfer followed by Proton Transfer (SET-PT), Sequential Proton Loss followed by Electron Transfer (SPLET), Radical Adduct Formation (RAF), and Intramolecular Hydrogen Atom Abstraction (iHAA)) of radical scavenging were investigated based on thermodynamic and kinetic parameters. EPR results indicated that both compounds significantly reduce the amount of present HO•. The results of the kinetic DFT study demonstrated that both compounds predominantly exhibit antiradical capacity through HAT and SPLET mechanisms. The estimated overall rate constants (koverall) proved that A-4OH shows better antioxidant capacity than A-3OH which is well-correlated with the results obtained by EPR measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Žiko Milanović
- Department of Science, Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (Ž.M.); (D.M.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dušan Dimić
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 12-16 Studentski trg, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Milan Žižić
- Life Sciences Department, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Dejan Milenković
- Department of Science, Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (Ž.M.); (D.M.)
| | - Zoran Marković
- Department of Science, Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (Ž.M.); (D.M.)
| | - Edina Avdović
- Department of Science, Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (Ž.M.); (D.M.)
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Maina S, Ryu DH, Bakari G, Misinzo G, Nho CW, Kim HY. Variation in Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Various Organs of African Cabbage ( Cleome gynandra L.) Accessions at Different Growth Stages. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1952. [PMID: 34943055 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of nutritional and health-benefiting compounds has increased awareness of orphan leafy vegetables such as Cleome gynandra (CG), whose phytochemicals vary among accessions and organs during growth. This study investigated the polyphenol accumulation and antioxidant activities (AOA) of eight CG accessions from the vegetative stage to the seed set stage. Plants were separated into leaves and stem (LS), flowers, and silique organs, and extracts were analyzed for total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), rutin and astragalin content, and AOA using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS). There were significant interaction effects of growth stages and accessions that contributed to changes in compounds content and AOA. TPC accumulated in plant generative parts, whereas flavonoids accumulated in young plant organs. HPLC profiling revealed that rutin was the most abundant compound in all organs, with flowers having the highest levels, while astragalin was only found in flowers. Silique extracts, particularly accession KF-14, recorded the highest TPC, which corresponded to the strongest radical scavenging activity in ABTS and DPPH assays and a strong linear correlation. The germplasm contained accessions with significantly different and varying levels of bioactive compounds and AOA. These findings potentiate the exploitation of CG organs such as siliques for AOA, flowers for rutin and astragalin, and young shoots for flavonoids. Moreover, the significant accumulation of the compounds in particular accessions of the germplasms suggest that such superior accessions may be useful candidates in genetic breeding programs to improve CG vegetable.
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Kitts DD. Antioxidant and Functional Activities of MRPs Derived from Different Sugar-Amino Acid Combinations and Reaction Conditions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1840. [PMID: 34829711 PMCID: PMC8615102 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Maillard reaction (MR), or non-enzymatic browning, involves reducing sugars reacting with amino acids, peptides, or proteins when heated to produce an abundance of products that contribute to sensory, nutritional, and functional qualities of the food system. One example of an important functional quality of MR relates to antioxidant capacity, which has relevance to preserve food quality and also to extend a potential role that may promote gastrointestinal health. The addition of Alphacel (10%), a non-reactive polysaccharide, to MR reactants produced small significant (p < 0.05) reductions in yield of soluble Maillard reaction products (MRPs), sugar loss, and color change of products formed respectively, for reducing sugars. A similar effect was also noticed for different free-radical scavenging capacity (p < 0.05), using chemical (e.g., 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays. An inflamed Caco-2 cell model revealed nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activity for Glu-amino acid MRPs, which contrasted the NO stimulatory activity obtained with Fru-amino acid MRPs, especially when glycine was used as the amino acid. Pre-treating Caco-2 cells with Fru-glycine MRPs protected against loss in trans-epithelial resistance (TEER) (p < 0.05) and reduced (p < 0.05) disruption of Caco-2 intestinal epithelial tight-junction (TJ) protein cells when exposed to 7.5% ethanol. A low molecular weight Fru-glycine (e.g., <1 kDa) fraction contributed to the protective effect, not observed with the corresponding high molecular weight MRP fraction. The presence of Alphacel had minimal effect on generating MRPs with relative modified protection against intestinal dysfunction in cultured Caco-2 cells. Rather, different types of sugar-amino acid combinations used to generate MRPs contributed more to mitigate injury in stress-induced Caco-2 cells. With the growing evidence that MRPs have a wide range of bioactive activities, this study concludes that specificity of substrate precursors that produce MRPs in heated foods is a critical factor for antioxidant and related cellular functions that represent a healthy gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- David D Kitts
- Food Science, Food Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Ogawa S, Katsuragi H, Iuchi K, Hara S. Clarification of the Complexation Behaviour of 2,6-di-O-Methylated β-Cyclodextrin and Vitamin E and Radical Scavenging Ability of the Complex in Aqueous Solution. J Oleo Sci 2021; 70:1461-1467. [PMID: 34497177 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The precise understanding of the behaviour of vitamin E (α-tocopherol; Toc) complexed with cyclodextrin (CD) additives in aqueous solution is a fundamental issue for further development of their aqua-related biological applications. In this study, the solubilisation and complexation behaviours of Toc with methyl-substituted CD derivatives and the radical scavenging ability of the resulting complexes were precisely investigated in water media. Several problems were encountered upon pre-dissolving Toc in an organic solvent prior to the addition to the water media, such as enhancement of the dispersibility and decrease in the complexation capacity. Additionally, dispersions were obtained in some cases when mixing CD and Toc even in the absence of an organic solvent; therefore, to perform the measurements, a transparent solution was prepared via filtration with a nanopore filter. Consequently, unexpectedly, the addition of certain CD methylated derivatives did not always enhance the solubility of Toc significantly. However, 2,6-di-O-methylated β-CD (2,6-DMCD) formed a water-soluble inclusion complex with Toc, effectively enhancing its solubility. A phase solubility study indicated the formation of 1:2 or 1:3 Toc/CD inclusion complexes, and the interaction of 2,6-DMCD with both the chromanol head and the phytol chain of Toc was revealed by 2D ROESY nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The interaction between 2,6-DMCD and the chromanol head was also confirmed for a 2,6-DMCD-2,2,5,7,8-pentamethyl-6-chromanol inclusion complex. Additionally, a rapid scavenging effect for molecularly dissolved Toc was demonstrated even in a system comprising a chromanol head directly encapsulated by CD. Hence, this work elucidated the precise complexation and radical scavenging ability of 2,6-DMCD-Toc in an aqueous solution, which paves the way for its biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigesaburo Ogawa
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University
| | - Haruka Katsuragi
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University
| | - Katsuya Iuchi
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University
| | - Setsuko Hara
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University
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Mohapatra D, Alam MB, Pandey V, Pratap R, Dubey PK, Parmar AS, Sahu AN. Carbon dots from an immunomodulatory plant for cancer cell imaging, free radical scavenging and metal sensing applications. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:2039-2059. [PMID: 34533372 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This work aimed to develop Tinospora cordifolia stem-derived carbon dots (TCSCD) for cancer cell imaging, free radical scavenging and metal sensing applications. Method: The TCSCDs were synthesized by a simple, one-step, and ecofriendly hydrothermal carbonization method and characterized for their optical properties, morphology, hydrodynamic size, surface functionality, crystallinity, stability, bacterial biocompatibility, in vitro cellular imaging, free radical scavenging and metal sensing ability. Results: The TCSCDs exhibited excellent biocompatibility with dose-dependent bioimaging results in melanoma (B16F10) and cervical cancer (SiHa) cell lines. They exerted good free radical scavenging, Fe3+ sensing, bacterial biocompatibility, photostability, colloidal dispersion stability and thermal stability. Conclusion: The results reflect the potential of TCSCDs for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debadatta Mohapatra
- Phytomedicine Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Md Bayazeed Alam
- Department of Physics, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Vivek Pandey
- Centre for Genetics Disorders, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Ravi Pratap
- Department of Physics, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Pawan K Dubey
- Centre for Genetics Disorders, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Avanish S Parmar
- Department of Physics, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Alakh N Sahu
- Phytomedicine Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
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Chen YL, Lee GY, Sung MY, Huang JH, Cho EC, Lee KC. Versatile Functionalization of P25 Conjugated ND Nanocomposites for UV-Mediated Free Radical Scavenging and Facilitates Anti-Inflammation Potential in Human Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:39088-39099. [PMID: 34433242 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c10632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrated that building different linking groups between nanodiamond (ND) and TiO2 (P25) could provide more effective protection under oxidative stress and ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation compared with the use of TiO2 alone. The establishment of ester (-C-O-O-R), amide (-CONH-), and epoxide-amine adduct (-NHCCO-) groups between ND-TiO2 composites was found to be critical in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by controlling their charge transfer behaviors. We hypothesized that linking groups between the composites dictate the performance of ROS generation from nano-TiO2 under UV-light irradiation due to the differences in linking groups. The results showed that hydroxyl radicals were attenuated by the incorporation of ND. An MTT cell proliferation assay was performed in human cells under the treatment of ND-TiO2 composites to investigate the impacts of composites on cell viability. The results from the luciferase reporter assay suggested they have anti-inflammatory activity and can reduce cellular DNA damage under ROS stimulation. A zebrafish model was also applied with the ND-TiO2 composite treatment to demonstrate the safety aspects of the composites in vivo and their biomedical application potential. Studies exploring ROS generation behaviors in different linking groups suggested that interactive functionalization between nanoparticles might be an ideal antioxidant and anti-inflammatory strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lun Chen
- Department of Science Education, National Taipei University of Education, No.134, Sec. 2, Heping E. Rd., Da-an District, Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Guang-Yu Lee
- Department of Science Education, National Taipei University of Education, No.134, Sec. 2, Heping E. Rd., Da-an District, Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yen Sung
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei City, 110, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Hsien Huang
- Department of Green Material Technology, Green Technology Research Institute, CPC Corporation, Kaohsiung 81126, Taiwan
| | - Er-Chieh Cho
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei City, 110, Taiwan
- Master Program in Clinical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei City, 110, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Chan Lee
- Department of Science Education, National Taipei University of Education, No.134, Sec. 2, Heping E. Rd., Da-an District, Taipei City 106, Taiwan
- PhD Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, 110, Taiwan
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Manchali S, Chidambara Murthy KN, Vishnuvardana, Patil BS. Nutritional Composition and Health Benefits of Various Botanical Types of Melon ( Cucumis melo L.). Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:1755. [PMID: 34579288 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Characterizing the diverse melon cultivars for nutrition aids in crop improvement and promoting a healthy diet. Here, we used in vitro assays to characterize the nutritional qualities and health-beneficial effects of 30 melon (Cucumis melo L.) genotypes, including 10 improved cultivars, 16 landraces, and 4 wild types collected from different parts of India. Two landraces (Sidoota and Alper Green) had the highest (12.20 and 11.25) total soluble solids (TSS) contents. The Sidoota and Pappusa landraces had high reducing sugar contents (2.84 and 2.81 mg g−1 fresh weight [FW]). The highest polyphenols contents (22.0 mg g−1 FW) were observed in the landraces Mage Kaayi-2, Budamekaayi, and Small Melon. Reflecting on the primary and secondary metabolite contents, the Mekke Kaayi and Giriyala landraces exhibited high 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (97.6 and 91% at 100 μg mL−1). Additionally, seven of the landraces showed significant nitric oxide (NO) induction activity (>80% inhibition at 200 μg mL−1), indicating their potential health benefits, and seven showed considerable angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition activity (highest in Kashi Madhu), indicating their potential usefulness in reducing hypertension. Genotypes with high health beneficial compounds identified in this study can be used for breeding improved melon cultivars to promote these fruits as well as a healthy diet.
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Li Y, Li M, Liu J, Zheng W, Zhang Y, Xu T, Gao B, Yu L. Chemical Composition Profiling and Biological Activities of Phenolic Compounds in Eleven Red Sorghums. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:9407-9418. [PMID: 34369753 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The profiles of soluble and insoluble phenolic compounds in 11 commercial red sorghums (B11, B12, B13, B14, J124, J127, J138, J140, J142, J152, and J158) were investigated using ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS) analysis. A total of 48 phenolic compounds including 35 phenolic acids and their derivatives, 12 flavonoids, and 1 proanthocyanidin were identified, and 8 phenolic compounds were reported for the first time in sorghums. Four major 3-deoxyanthocyanidins were also quantified, with their soluble forms accounting for 99.75-99.87% of the total contents. Pearson's correlation analyses indicated that 3-deoxyanthocyanidins significantly contributed to the antioxidant capacities of the red sorghums and that 5-methoxy-luteolinidin showed the strongest correlation. Besides, the soluble phenolic fraction of B13 dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation of Caco-2 cells and the secretion of IL-1β and NO in RAW264.7 macrophages, which might be attributed to its relatively high total phenolic (TPC), flavonoid (TFC), and proanthocyanidin content (TPAC) values and radical scavenging capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Li
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ming Li
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiaping Liu
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wenhao Zheng
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yaqiong Zhang
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Tongcheng Xu
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Deep Processing, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Boyan Gao
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Liangli Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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Amić A, Dimitrić Marković JM, Marković Z, Milenković D, Milanović Ž, Antonijević M, Mastiľák Cagardová D, Rodríguez-Guerra Pedregal J. Theoretical Study of Radical Inactivation, LOX Inhibition, and Iron Chelation: The Role of Ferulic Acid in Skin Protection against UVA Induced Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081303. [PMID: 34439551 PMCID: PMC8389219 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferulic acid (FA) is used in skin formulations for protection against the damaging actions of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by UVA radiation. Possible underlying protective mechanisms are not fully elucidated. By considering the kinetics of proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) and radical-radical coupling (RRC) mechanisms, it appears that direct scavenging could be operative, providing that a high local concentration of FA is present at the place of •OH generation. The resulting FA phenoxyl radical, after the scavenging of a second •OH and keto-enol tautomerization of the intermediate, produces 5-hydroxyferulic acid (5OHFA). Inhibition of the lipoxygenase (LOX) enzyme, one of the enzymes that catalyse free radical production, by FA and 5OHFA were analysed. Results of molecular docking calculations indicate favourable binding interactions of FA and 5OHFA with the LOX active site. The exergonicity of chelation reactions of the catalytic Fe2+ ion with FA and 5OHFA indicate the potency of these chelators to prevent the formation of •OH radicals via Fenton-like reactions. The inhibition of the prooxidant LOX enzyme could be more relevant mechanism of skin protection against UVA induced oxidative stress than iron chelation and assumed direct scavenging of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Amić
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Ulica cara Hadrijana 8A, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-31-399-980
| | | | - Zoran Marković
- Department of Science, Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (Z.M.); (D.M.); (Ž.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Dejan Milenković
- Department of Science, Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (Z.M.); (D.M.); (Ž.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Žiko Milanović
- Department of Science, Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (Z.M.); (D.M.); (Ž.M.); (M.A.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marko Antonijević
- Department of Science, Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (Z.M.); (D.M.); (Ž.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Denisa Mastiľák Cagardová
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Department of Chemical Physics, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia;
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Nwachukwu ID, Sarteshnizi RA, Udenigwe CC, Aluko RE. A Concise Review of Current In Vitro Chemical and Cell-Based Antioxidant Assay Methods. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164865. [PMID: 34443459 PMCID: PMC8400447 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants remain interesting molecules of choice for suppression of the toxic effects of free radicals in foods and human systems. The current practice involves the use of mainly synthetic molecules as potent antioxidant agents. However, due to the potential negative impact on human health, there is an intensive effort within the research community to develop natural alternatives with similar antioxidant efficacy but without the negative side effects of synthetic molecules. Still, the successful development of new molecules depends on the use of reliable chemical or cell culture assays to screen antioxidant properties. Chemical antioxidant assays include the determination of scavenging ability against free radicals such as DPPH, superoxide anion radicals, hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide. Other antioxidant tests include the ability of compounds to bind and sequester prooxidant metal cations, reduce ferric iron, and attenuate the rate of lipid oxidation. Ex vivo tests utilize cell cultures to confirm entry of the molecules into cells and the ability to quench synthetic intracellular free radicals or to stimulate the increased biosynthesis of endogenous antioxidants. In order to assist researchers in their choice of antioxidant evaluation methods, this review presents background scientific information on some of the most commonly used antioxidant assays with a comparative discussion of the relevance of published literature data to food science and human nutrition applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roghayeh Amini Sarteshnizi
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (R.A.S.); (C.C.U.)
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-111, Iran
| | - Chibuike C. Udenigwe
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (R.A.S.); (C.C.U.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Rotimi E. Aluko
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Lewińska A, Kulbacka J, Domżał-Kędzia M, Witwicki M. Antiradical Properties of N-Oxide Surfactants-Two in One. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158040. [PMID: 34360806 PMCID: PMC8346996 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactants are molecules that lower surface or interfacial tension, and thus they are broadly used as detergents, wetting agents, emulsifiers, foaming agents, or dispersants. However, for modern applications, substances that can perform more than one function are desired. In this study we evaluated antioxidant properties of two homological series of N-oxide surfactants: monocephalic 3-(alkanoylamino)propyldimethylamine-N-oxides and dicephalic N,N-bis[3,3′-(dimethylamino)propyl]alkylamide di-N-oxides. Their antiradical properties were tested against stable radicals using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and UV-vis spectroscopy. The experimental investigation was supported by theoretical density functional theory (DFT) and ab initio modeling of the X–H bonds dissociation enthalpies, ionization potentials, and Gibbs free energies for radical scavenging reactions. The evaluation was supplemented with a study of biological activity. We found that the mono- and di-N-oxides are capable of scavenging reactive radicals; however, the dicephalic surfactants are more efficient than their linear analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Lewińska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (M.W.)
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Marta Domżał-Kędzia
- Department of Biotransformation, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Maciej Witwicki
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (M.W.)
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Ben Hassine A, Rocchetti G, Zhang L, Senizza B, Zengin G, Mahomoodally MF, Ben-Attia M, Rouphael Y, Lucini L, El-Bok S. Untargeted Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant Capacity and Enzyme Inhibitory Activity of Cultivated and Wild Lupin Seeds from Tunisia. Molecules 2021; 26:3452. [PMID: 34200152 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lupin seeds can represent a valuable source of phenolics and other antioxidant compounds. In this work, a comprehensive analysis of the phytochemical profile was performed on seeds from three Lupinus species, including one cultivar (Lupinus albus) and two wild accessions (Lupinus cossentinii and Lupinus luteus), collected from the northern region of Tunisia. Untargeted metabolomic profiling allowed to identify 249 compounds, with a great abundance of phenolics and alkaloids. In this regard, the species L. cossentinii showed the highest phenolic content, being 6.54 mg/g DW, followed by L. luteus (1.60 mg/g DW) and L. albus (1.14 mg/g DW). The in vitro antioxidant capacity measured by the ABTS assay on seed extracts ranged from 4.67 to 17.58 mg trolox equivalents (TE)/g, recording the highest values for L. albus and the lowest for L. luteus. The DPPH radical scavenging activity ranged from 0.39 to 3.50 mg TE/g. FRAP values varied between 4.11 and 5.75 mg TE/g. CUPRAC values for lupin seeds ranged from 7.20 to 8.95 mg TE/g, recording the highest for L. cossentinii. The results of phosphomolybdenum assay and metal chelation showed similarity between the three species of Lupinus. The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition activity was detected in each methanolic extract analyzed with similar results. Regarding the butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzyme, it was weakly inhibited by the Lupinus extracts; in particular, the highest activity values were recorded for L. albus (1.74 mg GALAE/g). Overall, our results showed that L. cossentinii was the most abundant source of polyphenols, consisting mainly in tyrosol equivalents (5.82 mg/g DW). Finally, significant correlations were outlined between the phenolic compounds and the in vitro biological activity measured, particularly when considering flavones, phenolic acids and lower-molecular-weight phenolics.
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Calvo-Martín G, Plano D, Encío I, Sanmartín C. Novel N, N'-Disubstituted Selenoureas as Potential Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Agents. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050777. [PMID: 34068900 PMCID: PMC8156206 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 30 novel N,N disubstituted selenoureas were synthesized, characterized, and their antioxidant ability was tested using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assays. Additionally, their cytotoxic activity was tested in vitro in a panel of three different cancer (breast, lung and colon) and two normal cell lines. Each selenourea entity contains a para-substituted phenyl ring with different electron-withdrawing and electron-donating groups, and different aliphatic and aromatic nuclei. All of the synthesized selenoureas present antioxidant capacity at high concentrations in the DPPH assay, and three of them (2b, 2c and 2d) showed greater radical scavenging capacity than ascorbic acid at lower concentrations. These results were confirmed by the ABTS assay, where these novel selenoureas present even higher antioxidant capacity than the reference compound Trolox. On the other hand, 10 selenoureas present IC50 values below 10 µM in at least one cancer cell line, resulting in the adamantyl nucleus (6a–6e), the most interesting in terms of activity and selectivity. Outstanding results were found for selenourea 6c, tested in the NCI60 cell line panel and showing an average GI50 of 1.49 µM for the 60 cell lines, and LC50 values ranging from 9.33 µM to 4.27 µM against 10 of these cancer cell lines. To gain insight into its anticancer activity mechanism, we investigated the cell cycle progression of the promising compound 6c, as well as the type of programmed-cell death in a colon cancer cell line it provokes (HT-29). Compound 6c provoked S phase cell cycle arrest and the induction of cell death was independent of caspase activation, suggesting autophagy, though this assertion requires additional studies. Overall, we envision that this compound can be further developed for the potential treatment of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorka Calvo-Martín
- Departamento de Tecnología y Química Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain; (G.C.-M.); (D.P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Irunlarrea, 3, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Daniel Plano
- Departamento de Tecnología y Química Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain; (G.C.-M.); (D.P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Irunlarrea, 3, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Ignacio Encío
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Irunlarrea, 3, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Avda. Barañain s/n, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Sanmartín
- Departamento de Tecnología y Química Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain; (G.C.-M.); (D.P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Irunlarrea, 3, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-948425600 (ext. 806388)
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