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Winhard BF, Gomez-Gomez A, Maragno LG, Gomes DR, Furlan KP. Achieving High-Temperature Stable Structural Color through Nanostructuring in Polymer-Derived Ceramics. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:22379-22390. [PMID: 38636939 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Structural colors offer a myriad of advantages over conventional pigment-based colors, which often rely on toxic chemical substances that are prone to UV degradation. To take advantage of these benefits in demanding environments, there is growing interest in producing structural colors from ceramics. Polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs) emerge as a compelling choice, presenting two distinct advantages: their enhanced shape ability in their polymeric state associated with impressive temperature resistance once converted to ceramics. This study pioneers the fabrication of noniridescent structural colors from silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) PDC, enabled by the nanostructuring of an inverse photonic glass within the PDC material. This design, a functionally graded material with an inverse photonic glass (FGM-PhG) structure, leverages the innate light-absorbing properties of SiOC, yielding a vivid structural color that maintains its saturation even in white surroundings. This study elucidates the process-structure-properties relationship for the obtained structural colors by investigating each layer of the functionally graded material (FGM) in a stepwise coating deposition process. To further emphasize the exceptional processing flexibility of PDCs, the three-step process is later transferred to an additive manufacturing approach. Finally, the FGM-PhG structural colors are demonstrated to have remarkable thermal stability up to 1000 °C for 100 h, possibly making them the most thermally stable ceramic structural colors to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt F Winhard
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Integrated Materials Systems Group, Denickestraße 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alberto Gomez-Gomez
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Integrated Materials Systems Group, Denickestraße 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laura G Maragno
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Integrated Materials Systems Group, Denickestraße 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Diego Ribas Gomes
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Integrated Materials Systems Group, Denickestraße 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kaline P Furlan
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Integrated Materials Systems Group, Denickestraße 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
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2
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Abdelhamid S, Achermann R, Hollinger A, Hauser M, Trutmann M, Gallacchi L, Siegemund M. The Effect of Albumin Administration in Critically Ill Patients: A Retrospective Single-Center Analysis. Crit Care Med 2024; 52:e234-e244. [PMID: 38502807 PMCID: PMC11008457 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000006218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to analyze the development of albumin administration in patients admitted to the adult ICU. In addition, we assessed the impact of albumin administration on serum hemoglobin concentration. DESIGN We conducted a retrospective single-center study including all patients who were admitted to the ICU from January 2013 to December 2021 and stayed at least 24 hours. SETTING The study was conducted in an academic hospital (University Hospital Basel, Switzerland). PATIENTS A total of 20,927 admissions were included, of which 3748 received albumin at least once during their ICU stay. To analyze volume expansion, 2006 admissions met the inclusion criteria, namely at least two hemoglobin measurements within 12 hours, one albumin delivery, and experienced no bleeding, dialysis, or transfusions during this period. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS We examined the hemoglobin levels before and after albumin administration and compared them with a matched control group to assess the amount and duration of volume expansion. MAIN RESULTS From 2013 to 2021 the proportion of critically ill patients treated with albumin rose from 5.0% to 32.5%. An overproportioned increase in albumin use could be seen in surgical patients (4.7-47.2%) and in those receiving RBC transfusion (13.7-72.6%). In those patients receiving albumin, a significant drop in hemoglobin of around 5 g/L on average could be observed following treatment with albumin. CONCLUSION Hemodilution was observable for at least 12 hours after albumin administration and may have caused a decrease in hemoglobin concentration of greater than 8 g/L when isooncotic albumin solution (5%, 25 g in 500 mL) was administered. This makes albumin, especially in its isooncotic form, an ideal colloid to achieve long-lasting volume expansion. However, RBC transfusions may increase under albumin therapy, as transfusion thresholds may be undershot after albumin administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim Abdelhamid
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Acute Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rita Achermann
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Acute Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexa Hollinger
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Acute Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Madlaina Hauser
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Acute Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maren Trutmann
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Acute Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Gallacchi
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Acute Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Siegemund
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Acute Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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3
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Senyuk B, Wu JS, Smalyukh II. Out-of-equilibrium interactions and collective locomotion of colloidal spheres with squirming of nematoelastic multipoles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2322710121. [PMID: 38652740 PMCID: PMC11067049 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2322710121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Many living and artificial systems show similar emergent behavior and collective motions on different scales, starting from swarms of bacteria to synthetic active particles, herds of mammals, and crowds of people. What all these systems often have in common is that new collective properties like flocking emerge from interactions between individual self-propelled or driven units. Such systems are naturally out-of-equilibrium and propel at the expense of consumed energy. Mimicking nature by making self-propelled or externally driven particles and studying their individual and collective motility may allow for deeper understanding of physical underpinnings behind collective motion of large groups of interacting objects or beings. Here, using a soft matter system of colloids immersed into a liquid crystal, we show that resulting so-called nematoelastic multipoles can be set into a bidirectional locomotion by external oscillating electric fields. Out-of-equilibrium elastic interactions between such colloidal objects lead to collective flock-like behaviors emerging from time-varying elasticity-mediated interactions between externally driven propelling particles. Repulsive elastic interactions in the equilibrium state can be turned into attractive interactions in the out-of-equilibrium state under applied external electric fields. We probe this behavior at different number densities of colloidal particles and show that particles in dense dispersions collectively select the same direction of a coherent motion due to elastic interactions between near neighbors. In our experimentally implemented design, their motion is highly ordered and without clustering or jamming often present in other colloidal transport systems, which is promising for technological and fundamental-science applications, like nano-cargo transport, out-of-equilibrium assembly, and microrobotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohdan Senyuk
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO80309
- International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (WPI-SKCM), Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima739-0046, Japan
| | - Jin-Sheng Wu
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO80309
| | - Ivan I. Smalyukh
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO80309
- International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (WPI-SKCM), Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima739-0046, Japan
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO80309
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, National Renewable Energy Laboratory and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO80309
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4
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Calvin JJ, Brewer AS, Crook MF, Kaufman TM, Alivisatos AP. Observation of negative surface and interface energies of quantum dots. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2307633121. [PMID: 38648471 PMCID: PMC11067453 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307633121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Surface energy is a fundamental property of materials and is particularly important in describing nanomaterials where atoms or molecules at the surface constitute a large fraction of the material. Traditionally, surface energy is considered to be a positive quantity, where atoms or molecules at the surface are less thermodynamically stable than their counterparts in the interior of the material because they have fewer bonds or interactions at the surface. Using calorimetric methods, we show that the surface energy is negative in some prototypical colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals, or quantum dots with organic ligand coatings. This implies that the surface atoms are more thermodynamically stable than those on the interior due to the strong bonds between these atoms and surfactant molecules, or ligands, that coat their surface. In addition, we extend this work to core/shell indium phosphide/zinc sulfide nanocrystals and show that the interfacial energy between these materials is highly thermodynamically favorable in spite of their large lattice mismatch. This work challenges many of the assumptions that have guided thinking about colloidal nanomaterial thermodynamics, investigates the fundamental stability of many technologically relevant colloidal nanomaterials, and paves the way for future experimental and theoretical work on nanocrystal thermodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J. Calvin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
- Material Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - Amanda S. Brewer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
- Material Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - Michelle F. Crook
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
- Material Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - Tierni M. Kaufman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - A. Paul Alivisatos
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
- Material Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA94720
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
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5
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Shandilya E, Rallabandi B, Maiti S. In situ enzymatic control of colloidal phoresis and catalysis through hydrolysis of ATP. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3603. [PMID: 38684662 PMCID: PMC11059368 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47912-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The ability to sense chemical gradients and respond with directional motility and chemical activity is a defining feature of complex living systems. There is a strong interest among scientists to design synthetic systems that emulate these properties. Here, we realize and control such behaviors in a synthetic system by tailoring multivalent interactions of adenosine nucleotides with catalytic microbeads. We first show that multivalent interactions of the bead with gradients of adenosine mono-, di- and trinucleotides (AM/D/TP) control both the phoretic motion and a proton-transfer catalytic reaction, and find that both effects are diminished greatly with increasing valence of phosphates. We exploit this behavior by using enzymatic hydrolysis of ATP to AMP, which downregulates multivalent interactivity in situ. This produces a sudden increase in transport of the catalytic microbeads (a phoretic jump), which is accompanied by increased catalytic activity. Finally, we show how this enzymatic activity can be systematically tuned, leading to simultaneous in situ spatial and temporal control of the location of the microbeads, as well as the products of the reaction that they catalyze. These findings open up new avenues for utilizing multivalent interaction-mediated programming of complex chemo-mechanical behaviors into active systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Shandilya
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, Knowledge City, Manauli, 140306, India
| | - Bhargav Rallabandi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
| | - Subhabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, Knowledge City, Manauli, 140306, India.
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6
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Spielman-Sun E, Boye K, Dwivedi D, Engel M, Thompson A, Kumar N, Noël V. A Critical Look at Colloid Generation, Stability, and Transport in Redox-Dynamic Environments: Challenges and Perspectives. ACS Earth Space Chem 2024; 8:630-653. [PMID: 38654896 PMCID: PMC11033945 DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.3c00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Colloid generation, stability, and transport are important processes that can significantly influence the fate and transport of nutrients and contaminants in environmental systems. Here, we critically review the existing literature on colloids in redox-dynamic environments and summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the mechanisms of colloid generation and the chemical controls over colloidal behavior in such environments. We also identify critical gaps, such as the lack of universally accepted cross-discipline definition and modeling infrastructure that hamper an in-depth understanding of colloid generation, behavior, and transport potential. We propose to go beyond a size-based operational definition of colloids and consider the functional differences between colloids and dissolved species. We argue that to predict colloidal transport in redox-dynamic environments, more empirical data are needed to parametrize and validate models. We propose that colloids are critical components of element budgets in redox-dynamic systems and must urgently be considered in field as well as lab experiments and reactive transport models. We intend to bring further clarity and openness in reporting colloidal measurements and fate to improve consistency. Additionally, we suggest a methodological toolbox for examining impacts of redox dynamics on colloids in field and lab experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Spielman-Sun
- Environmental
Geochemistry Group at SLAC, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource
(SSRL), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Kristin Boye
- Environmental
Geochemistry Group at SLAC, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource
(SSRL), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Dipankar Dwivedi
- Earth
and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence
Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Maya Engel
- Department
of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Aaron Thompson
- Department
of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of
Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Soil
Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent Noël
- Environmental
Geochemistry Group at SLAC, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource
(SSRL), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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7
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Hecht L, Dong I, Liebchen B. Motility-induced coexistence of a hot liquid and a cold gas. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3206. [PMID: 38615122 PMCID: PMC11016108 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47533-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
If two phases exist at the same time, such as a gas and a liquid, they have the same temperature. This fundamental law of equilibrium physics is known to apply even to many non-equilibrium systems. However, recently, there has been much attention in the finding that inertial self-propelled particles like Janus colloids in a plasma or microflyers could self-organize into a hot gas-like phase that coexists with a colder liquid-like phase. Here, we show that a kinetic temperature difference across coexisting phases can occur even in equilibrium systems when adding generic (overdamped) self-propelled particles. In particular, we consider mixtures of overdamped active and inertial passive Brownian particles and show that when they phase separate into a dense and a dilute phase, both phases have different kinetic temperatures. Surprisingly, we find that the dense phase (liquid) cannot only be colder but also hotter than the dilute phase (gas). This effect hinges on correlated motions where active particles collectively push and heat up passive ones primarily within the dense phase. Our results answer the fundamental question if a non-equilibrium gas can be colder than a coexisting liquid and create a route to equip matter with self-organized domains of different kinetic temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Hecht
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Iris Dong
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Benno Liebchen
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
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8
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Spirandelli I, Coles R, Friesecke G, Evans ME. Exotic self-assembly of hard spheres in a morphometric solvent. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314959121. [PMID: 38573965 PMCID: PMC11009619 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314959121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The self-assembly of spheres into geometric structures, under various theoretical conditions, offers valuable insights into complex self-assembly processes in soft systems. Previous studies have utilized pair potentials between spheres to assemble maximum contact clusters in simulations and experiments. The morphometric approach to solvation free energy that we utilize here goes beyond pair potentials; it is a geometry-based theory that incorporates a weighted combination of geometric measures over the solvent accessible surface for solute configurations in a solvent. In this paper, we demonstrate that employing the morphometric model of solvation free energy in simulating the self-assembly of sphere clusters results, under most conditions, in the previously observed maximum contact clusters. Under other conditions, it unveils an assortment of extraordinary sphere configurations, such as double helices and rhombohedra. These exotic structures arise specifically under conditions where the interactions take multibody potentials into account. This investigation establishes a foundation for comprehending the diverse range of geometric forms in self-assembled structures, emphasizing the significance of the morphometric approach in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Spirandelli
- Institute for Mathematics, University of Potsdam, Potsdam14476, Germany
| | - Rhoslyn Coles
- Institute for Mathematics, Technical University Berlin, Berlin10623, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics, Technical University Chemnitz, Chemnitz09107, Germany
| | - Gero Friesecke
- Department of Mathematics, Technische Universität München, Garching85748, Germany
| | - Myfanwy E. Evans
- Institute for Mathematics, University of Potsdam, Potsdam14476, Germany
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9
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Pizzetti F, Perale G, Masi M, Rossi F. Are mathematical equations important for improving drug-delivery devices performances? Ther Deliv 2024; 15:233-236. [PMID: 38356370 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2023-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Pizzetti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials & Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Perale
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Institute for Mechanical Engineering & Materials Technology, University of Applied Sciences & Arts of Southern Switzerland, via Cantonale 2C, Galleria 2, 6928, Manno, Switzerland
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental & Clinical Traumatology, Donaueschingenstrasse 13, 1200, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maurizio Masi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials & Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials & Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milan, Italy
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Institute for Mechanical Engineering & Materials Technology, University of Applied Sciences & Arts of Southern Switzerland, via Cantonale 2C, Galleria 2, 6928, Manno, Switzerland
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10
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Kakati N, Ahari D, Parmar PR, Deshmukh OS, Bandyopadhyay D. Lactic Acid-Induced Colloidal Microrheology of Synovial Fluids. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024. [PMID: 38517700 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
The presence of colloidal scaffolds composed of proteins and hyaluronic acid engenders unique viscous and elastic properties to the synovial fluid (SF). While the elastic resistance of SF due to the presence of such nanoscale structures provides the load-bearing capacity, the viscous nature enables fluidity of the joints during the movements to minimize the wear and tear of the adjacent muscle, cartilage, or bone tissues. It is well-known that the hypoxic conditions at the bone joints often increase the lactic acid (LA) concentration due to the occurrence of excess anaerobic respiration during either hyperactivity or arthritic conditions. The present study uncovers that in such a scenario, beyond a critical loading of LA, the colloidal nanoscaffolds of SF break down to precipitate higher molecular weight (MW) proteins and hyaluronic acid (HA). Subsequently, the viscosity and elasticity of SF reduce drastically to manifest a fluid that has reduced load bearing and wear and tear resistance capacity. Interestingly, the study also suggests that a heathy SF is a viscoelastic fluid with a mild Hookean elasticity and non-Newtonian fluidity, which eventually transforms into a viscous watery liquid in the presence of a higher loading of LA. We employ this knowledge to biosynthesize an artificial SF that emulates the characteristics of the real one. Remarkably, the spatiotemporal microscopic images uncover that even for the artificial SF, a dynamic cross-linking of the high MW proteins and HA takes place before precipitating out of the same from the artificial SF matrix, emulating the real one. Control experiments suggest that this phenomenon is absent in the case when LA is mixed with either pure HA or proteins. The experiments unfold the specific role of LA in the destruction of colloidal nanoscaffolds of synovia, which is an extremely important requirement for the biosynthesis and translation of artificial synovial fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayanjyoti Kakati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Dileep Ahari
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Prathu Raja Parmar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Omkar Suresh Deshmukh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Dipankar Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
- Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
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11
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Cho Y, Park SH, Kwon M, Kim HH, Huh JH, Lee S. Van der Waals Colloidal Crystals. Adv Mater 2024:e2312748. [PMID: 38450572 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
A general guiding principle for colloidal crystallization is to tame the attractive enthalpy such that it slightly overwhelms the repulsive interaction. As-synthesized colloids are generally designed to retain a strong repulsive potential for the high stability of suspensions, encoding appropriate attractive potentials into colloids has been key to their crystallization. Despite the myriad of interparticle attractions for colloidal crystallization, the van der Waals (vdW) force remains unexplored. Here, it is shown that the implementation of gold cores into silica colloids and the resulting vdW force can reconfigure the pair potential well depth to the optimal range between -1 and -4 kB T at tens of nanometer-scale colloidal distances. As such, colloidal crystals with a distinct liquid gap can be formed, which is evidenced by photonic bandgap-based diffractive colorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- YongDeok Cho
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hun Park
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kwon
- Department of Biomicrosystem Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Ho Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyeok Huh
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Physics, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwoo Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomicrosystem Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrated Energy Engineering (College of Engineering) and KU Photonics Center, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
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12
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Li M, Peng B, Lyu Q, Chen X, Hu Z, Zhang X, Xiong B, Zhang L, Zhu J. Scalable production of structurally colored composite films by shearing supramolecular composites of polymers and colloids. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1874. [PMID: 38424168 PMCID: PMC10904808 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46237-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Structurally colored composite films, composed of orderly arranged colloids in polymeric matrix, are emerging flexible optical materials, but their production is bottlenecked by time-consuming procedures and limited material choices. Here, we present a mild approach to producing large-scale structurally colored composite films by shearing supramolecular composites composed of polymers and colloids with supramolecular interactions. Leveraging dynamic connection and dissociation of supramolecular interactions, shearing force stretches the polymer chains and drags colloids to migrate directionally within the polymeric matrix with reduced viscous resistance. We show that meter-scale structurally colored composite films with iridescence color can be produced within several minutes at room temperature. Significantly, the tunability and diversity of supramolecular interactions allow this shearing approach extendable to various commonly-used polymers. This study overcomes the traditional material limitations of manufacturing structurally colored composite films by shearing method and opens an avenue for mildly producing ordered composites with commonly-available materials via supramolecular strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Bolun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Quanqian Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Bijin Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lianbin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Jintao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
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13
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Liu J, Nero M, Jansson K, Willhammar T, Sipponen MH. Author Correction: Photonic crystals with rainbow colors by centrifugation-assisted assembly of colloidal lignin nanoparticles. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1824. [PMID: 38418809 PMCID: PMC10901802 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46227-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jinrong Liu
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathias Nero
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kjell Jansson
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tom Willhammar
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mika H Sipponen
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
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14
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Sato M. Formation of various structures caused by particle size difference in colloidal heteroepitaxy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3245. [PMID: 38331999 PMCID: PMC10853232 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53850-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
By performing isothermal-isochoric Monte Carlo simulations with depletion force, the author investigated the dependence of the epitxial layer structure on the differences in the particle size between the substrate in colloidal heteroepitaxy. By changing the size of epitaxial particles and performing simulations comprehensively, various structures including the structures observed in a experiment, such as a honeycomb, one created by hexagonal heptamers, and one consisting of both pentagonal tiles and triangular tiles, were created. When the ratio of particle sizes between the epitxial layer and substrate takes a specific value, two types of hexagonal structures were created. One is the hexagonal layer parallel to the substrate layer and the other layer is rotated by 60[Formula: see text] from the substrate layer. The former structure was created over a wide range of particle-size ratios, whereas the latter structure was created when the particle-size ratio was only around the specific ratio, and it seemed a metastable structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahide Sato
- Emerging Media Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
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15
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Wang X, Cichos F. Harnessing synthetic active particles for physical reservoir computing. Nat Commun 2024; 15:774. [PMID: 38287028 PMCID: PMC10825170 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44856-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The processing of information is an indispensable property of living systems realized by networks of active processes with enormous complexity. They have inspired many variants of modern machine learning, one of them being reservoir computing, in which stimulating a network of nodes with fading memory enables computations and complex predictions. Reservoirs are implemented on computer hardware, but also on unconventional physical substrates such as mechanical oscillators, spins, or bacteria often summarized as physical reservoir computing. Here we demonstrate physical reservoir computing with a synthetic active microparticle system that self-organizes from an active and passive component into inherently noisy nonlinear dynamical units. The self-organization and dynamical response of the unit are the results of a delayed propulsion of the microswimmer to a passive target. A reservoir of such units with a self-coupling via the delayed response can perform predictive tasks despite the strong noise resulting from the Brownian motion of the microswimmers. To achieve efficient noise suppression, we introduce a special architecture that uses historical reservoir states for output. Our results pave the way for the study of information processing in synthetic self-organized active particle systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzun Wang
- Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Scalable Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence (ScaDS.AI) Dresden/Leipzig, 04105, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frank Cichos
- Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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16
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Goehring L, Li J, Kiatkirakajorn PC. Correction: 'Drying paint: from micro-scale dynamics to mechanical instabilities' (2017), by Goehring et al.. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2024; 382:20230371. [PMID: 38043581 PMCID: PMC10693975 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2023.0371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
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17
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Navidpour AH, Ahmed MB, Zhou JL. Photocatalytic Degradation of Pharmaceutical Residues from Water and Sewage Effluent Using Different TiO 2 Nanomaterials. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2024; 14:135. [PMID: 38251100 PMCID: PMC10821327 DOI: 10.3390/nano14020135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are widely used and often discharged without metabolism into the aquatic systems. The photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceutical compounds propranolol, mebeverine, and carbamazepine was studied using different titanium dioxide nanostructures suspended in water under UV and UV-visible irradiation. Among three different photocatalysts, the degradation was most effective by using Degussa P25 TiO2, followed by Hombikat UV100 and Aldrich TiO2. The photocatalytic performance was dependent on photocatalyst dosage, with an optimum concentration of 150 mg L-1. The natural aquatic colloids were shown to enhance the extent of photocatalysis, and the effect was correlated with their aromatic carbon content. In addition, the photocatalysis of pharmaceuticals was enhanced by the presence of nitrate, but inhibited by the presence of 2-propanol, indicating the importance of hydroxyl radicals. Under optimum conditions, the pharmaceuticals were rapidly degraded, with a half-life of 1.9 min, 2.1 min, and 3.2 min for propranolol, mebeverine, and carbamazepine, respectively. In treating sewage effluent samples, the photocatalytic rate constants for propranolol (0.28 min-1), mebeverine (0.21 min-1), and carbamazepine (0.15 min-1) were similar to those in water samples, demonstrating the potential of photocatalysis as a clean technology for the effective removal of pharmaceuticals from sewage effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Navidpour
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Mohammad Boshir Ahmed
- Institute for Sustainability, Energy and Resources (ISER), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, SA 5005, Australia;
| | - John L. Zhou
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia;
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18
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Cossio G, Barbosa R, Korgel B, Yu ET. Massively Scalable Self-Assembly of Nano and Microparticle Monolayers via Aerosol Assisted Deposition. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2309775. [PMID: 37983639 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
An extremely rapid process for self-assembling well-ordered, nano, and microparticle monolayers via a novel aerosolized method is presented. The novel technique can reach monolayer self-assembly rates as high as 268 cm2 min-1 from a single aerosolizing source and methods to reach faster monolayer self-assembly rates are outlined. A new physical mechanism describing the self-assembly process is presented and new insights enabling high-efficiency nanoparticle monolayer self-assembly are developed. In addition, well-ordered monolayer arrays from particles of various sizes, surface functionality, and materials are fabricated. This new technique enables a 93× increase in monolayer self-assembly rates compared to the current state of the art and has the potential to provide an extremely low-cost option for submicron nanomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Cossio
- Microelectronics Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Chandra Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Austin, TX, 78758, USA
| | - Raul Barbosa
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Brian Korgel
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Edward T Yu
- Microelectronics Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Chandra Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Austin, TX, 78758, USA
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19
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Wang W, Liu T, Zhao T, Sun D, Li H, Xing P, Xin X. Self-Assembly of Atomically Precise Silver Nanoclusters in Crowded Colloids into Ultra-Long Ribbons with Tunable Supramolecular Chirality. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2305102. [PMID: 37985804 PMCID: PMC10767393 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Atomically precise metal nanoclusters (NCs) emerge as fascinating synthons in self-assembled materials. The self-assembly of metal NCs are highly sensitive to the environment because they have an inorganic-organic hybridized structure and a relatively complicated conformation. Here, it is shown that when confined in crowded colloids, a water-soluble Ag9 -cored nanocluster (Ag9 -NC) can self- assemble into ultra-long (up to millimeters) and photoluminescent ribbons with high flexibility. The ribbon contains rectangularly organized columns of Ag9 -NCs and can undergo secondary self-assembly to form bundled and branched structures. Formation of ribbons is observed in all the tested colloids, including lyotropic liquid crystals and disordered, three-dimensional network. The high viscosity/elasticity of the crowded colloids weakens gravity-induced sedimentation of the ribbons, leading to the formation of an interesting class of inorganic-organic composite materials where the hard Ag-containing skeleton strengthens the soft matter. The simultaneously occurring symmetry breaking during the self-assembly of Ag9 -NCs gives uncontrolled supramolecular chirality, which can be tuned through the majority rule and soldier-and-sergeant rule by the introduction of chiral seeds. The regulated chirality and the intrinsic photoluminescence of the Ag9 -NCs ribbons impart the composite material circularly polarized luminescence, opening the door for a variety of potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface ChemistryMinistry of EducationNational Engineering Research Center for Colloidal MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong UniversityJi'nan250100P. R. China
| | - Tong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface ChemistryMinistry of EducationNational Engineering Research Center for Colloidal MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong UniversityJi'nan250100P. R. China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface ChemistryMinistry of EducationNational Engineering Research Center for Colloidal MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong UniversityJi'nan250100P. R. China
| | - Di Sun
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface ChemistryMinistry of EducationNational Engineering Research Center for Colloidal MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong UniversityJi'nan250100P. R. China
| | - Hongguang Li
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface ChemistryMinistry of EducationNational Engineering Research Center for Colloidal MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong UniversityJi'nan250100P. R. China
| | - Pengyao Xing
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface ChemistryMinistry of EducationNational Engineering Research Center for Colloidal MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong UniversityJi'nan250100P. R. China
| | - Xia Xin
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface ChemistryMinistry of EducationNational Engineering Research Center for Colloidal MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong UniversityJi'nan250100P. R. China
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20
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Yadav AN, Min S, Choe H, Park J, Cho J. Halide Ion Mixing across Colloidal 2D Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskites: Implication of Spacer Ligand on Mixing Kinetics. Small 2024; 20:e2305546. [PMID: 37702148 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Halide ion exchange seen in metal halide perovskites provide a substantial opportunity to control their halide composition and corresponding optoelectronic properties. Halide ion mixing across colloidal 3D perovskite nanocrystals have been extensively studied while the mixing within colloidal 2D counterparts remain underexplored. In this study, the halide ion exchange kinetics across colloidally stable 2D Ruddlesden-Popper layered bromide (Br) and iodide (I) perovskites using two different spacer ligands such as aromatic phenethylammonium (PEA) versus linear butyammonium (BA) is demonstrated. The halide exchange kinetic rate constant (k), as determined by tracking time-dependent absorbance changes, indicates that Br/I halide mixing in 2D PEA-based perovskites (2.7 × 10-3 min-1 ) occurs at an order of magnitude slower than in 2D BA-based perovskites (3.3 × 10-2 min-1 ). Concentration (≈1 mM to 100 mM) and temperature-dependent (50 to 80 °C) kinetic studies further allow for the determination of activation barrier for halide ion mixing across the 2D layered perovskites with 75.2 ± 4.4 kJ mol-1 (2D PEA) and 57.8 ± 7.8 kJ mol-1 (2D BA), respectively. The activation energy reveals that the type of spacer cations plays a crucial role in controlling the halide ion mobility and halide stability due mainly to the internal ligand chemical interaction within 2D structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Nath Yadav
- School of Chemistry and Energy, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, 01133, South Korea
| | - Seonhong Min
- School of Chemistry and Energy, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, 01133, South Korea
| | - Hyejin Choe
- School of Chemistry and Energy, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, 01133, South Korea
| | - Jiwoo Park
- School of Chemistry and Energy, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, 01133, South Korea
| | - Junsang Cho
- School of Chemistry and Energy, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, 01133, South Korea
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21
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Pulatsu E, Malik S, Lin M, Krishnaswamy K, Vardhanabhuti B. Preparation and Characterization of Boza Enriched with Nonfat Dry Milk and Its Impact on the Fermentation Process. Gels 2023; 10:22. [PMID: 38247745 PMCID: PMC10815584 DOI: 10.3390/gels10010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Boza is an indigenous, traditional, low-alcohol and highly viscous beverage prepared by fermenting cereals. Its thick and gel-like consistency make it suitable for consumption via spoon. Although boza is a nutritious beverage, its protein content is very low (<2%). A new type of boza was developed by incorporating nonfat dry milk (NFDM) to elevate the protein content of the beverage. Different NFDM amounts (10 to 40% w/v) were added to determine the best concentration and fermentation time based on the refractive index and pH values at room temperature (0-48 h). The best sample was further characterized by rheological analyses and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The sample with 10% NFDM was the best, as fermentation was successfully performed, and further addition of NFDM increased the initial pH. The refractive index and pH decreased from 21.9 ± 0.1 to 11.8 ± 0.1 and 5.77± 0.50 to 4.09 ± 0.35 during fermentation, respectively. The samples exhibited shear-thinning, solid-like behavior, and a gel-like structure. FTIR analysis by independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) demonstrated that unfermented slurry and the fermented product could be effectively differentiated. With the addition of 10% NFDM, the increase in the protein content of the boza medium became significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Pulatsu
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Sargun Malik
- RNAissance AG LLC, Biotechnology Research Overland Park, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA;
| | - Mengshi Lin
- Department of Food, Nutrition & Exercise Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; (M.L.); (K.K.); (B.V.)
| | - Kiruba Krishnaswamy
- Department of Food, Nutrition & Exercise Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; (M.L.); (K.K.); (B.V.)
- Department of Biomedical, Biological and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Bongkosh Vardhanabhuti
- Department of Food, Nutrition & Exercise Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; (M.L.); (K.K.); (B.V.)
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22
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Rodriguez-Loya J, Lerma M, Gardea-Torresdey JL. Dynamic Light Scattering and Its Application to Control Nanoparticle Aggregation in Colloidal Systems: A Review. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 15:24. [PMID: 38258143 PMCID: PMC10819909 DOI: 10.3390/mi15010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal systems and their control play an essential role in daily human activities, but several drawbacks lead to an avoidance of their extensive application in some more productive areas. Some roadblocks are a lack of knowledge regarding how to influence and address colloidal forces, as well as a lack of practical devices to understand these systems. This review focuses on applying dynamic light scattering (DLS) as a powerful tool for monitoring and characterizing nanoparticle aggregation dynamics. We started by outlining the core ideas behind DLS and how it may be used to examine colloidal particle size distribution and aggregation dynamics; then, in the last section, we included the options to control aggregation in the chemically processed toner. In addition, we pinpointed knowledge gaps and difficulties that obstruct the use of DLS in real-world situations. Although widely used, DLS has limits when dealing with complicated systems, including combinations of nanoparticles, high concentrations, and non-spherical particles. We discussed these issues and offered possible solutions and the incorporation of supplementary characterization approaches. Finally, we emphasized how critical it is to close the gap between fundamental studies of nanoparticle aggregation and their translation into real-world applications, recognizing challenges in colloidal science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Rodriguez-Loya
- Environmental Science and Engineering Ph. D. Program, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (J.R.-L.); (M.L.)
| | - Maricarmen Lerma
- Environmental Science and Engineering Ph. D. Program, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (J.R.-L.); (M.L.)
| | - Jorge L. Gardea-Torresdey
- Environmental Science and Engineering Ph. D. Program, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (J.R.-L.); (M.L.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
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23
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Zhang T, Lyu D, Xu W, Feng X, Ni R, Wang Y. Janus particles with tunable patch symmetry and their assembly into chiral colloidal clusters. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8494. [PMID: 38129397 PMCID: PMC10739893 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44154-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Janus particles, which have an attractive patch on the otherwise repulsive surface, have been commonly employed for anisotropic colloidal assembly. While current methods of particle synthesis allow for control over the patch size, they are generally limited to producing dome-shaped patches with a high symmetry (C∞). Here, we report on the synthesis of Janus particles with patches of various tunable shapes, having reduced symmetries ranging from C2v to C3v and C4v. The Janus particles are synthesized by partial encapsulation of an octahedral metal-organic framework particle (UiO-66) in a polymer matrix. The extent of encapsulation is precisely regulated by a stepwise, asymmetric dewetting process that exposes selected facets of the UiO-66 particle. With depletion interaction, the Janus particles spontaneously assemble into colloidal clusters reflecting the particles' shapes and patch symmetries. We observe the formation of chiral structures, whereby chirality emerges from achiral building blocks. With the ability to encode symmetry and directional bonding information, our strategy could give access to more complex colloidal superstructures through assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianran Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dengping Lyu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xuan Feng
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ran Ni
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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24
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Nam SK, Amstad E, Kim SH. Hydrogel-Encased Photonic Microspheres with Enhanced Color Saturation and High Suspension Stability. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:58761-58769. [PMID: 38084724 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Regular arrays of colloidal particles can produce striking structural colors without the need for any chemical pigments. Regular arrays of colloidal particles can be processed into microparticles via emulsion templates for use as structural colorants. Photonic microparticles, however, suffer from intense incoherent scattering and lack of suspension stability. We propose a microfluidic technique to generate hydrogel-shelled photonic microspheres that display enhanced color saturation and suspension stability. We created these microspheres using oil-in-water-in-oil (O/W/O) double-emulsion droplets with well-defined dimensions with a capillary microfluidic device. The inner oil droplet contains silica particles in a photocurable monomer, while the middle water droplet carries the hydrogel precursor. Within the inner oil droplet, silica particles arrange into crystalline arrays due to solvation-layer-induced interparticle repulsion. UV irradiation solidifies the inner photonic core and the outer hydrogel shell. The hydrogel shell reduces white scattering and enhances the suspension stability in water. Notably, the hydrogel precursor in the water droplet aids in maintaining the solvation layer, resulting in enhanced crystallinity and richer colors compared with microspheres from O/W single-emulsion droplets. These hydrogel-encased photonic microspheres show promise as structural colorants in water-based inks and polymer composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Kyeong Nam
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Esther Amstad
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Shin-Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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25
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Lee SY, Schönhöfer PWA, Glotzer SC. Complex motion of steerable vesicular robots filled with active colloidal rods. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22773. [PMID: 38123626 PMCID: PMC10733302 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49314-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
While the collective motion of active particles has been studied extensively, effective strategies to navigate particle swarms without external guidance remain elusive. We introduce a method to control the trajectories of two-dimensional swarms of active rod-like particles by confining the particles to rigid bounding membranes (vesicles) with non-uniform curvature. We show that the propelling agents spontaneously form clusters at the membrane wall and collectively propel the vesicle, turning it into an active superstructure. To further guide the motion of the superstructure, we add discontinuous features to the rigid membrane boundary in the form of a kinked tip, which acts as a steering component to direct the motion of the vesicle. We report that the system's geometrical and material properties, such as the aspect ratio and Péclet number of the active rods as well as the kink angle and flexibility of the membrane, determine the stacking of active particles close to the kinked confinement and induce a diverse set of dynamical behaviors of the superstructure, including linear and circular motion both in the direction of, and opposite to, the kink. From a systematic study of these various behaviors, we design vesicles with switchable and reversible locomotions by tuning the confinement parameters. The observed phenomena suggest a promising mechanism for particle transportation and could be used as a basic element to navigate active matter through complex and tortuous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Y Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Philipp W A Schönhöfer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Sharon C Glotzer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA.
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA.
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26
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Prasser Q, Fuhs T, Torger B, Neubert R, Brendler E, Vogt C, Mertens F, Plamper FA. Nonequilibrium Colloids: Temperature-Induced Bouquet Formation of Flower-like Micelles as a Time-Domain-Shifting Macromolecular Heat Alert. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:57950-57959. [PMID: 37676903 PMCID: PMC10739602 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Climate change requires enhanced autonomous temperature monitoring during logistics/transport. A cheap approach comprises the use of temperature-sensitive copolymers that undergo temperature-induced irreversible coagulation. The synthesis/characterization of pentablock copolymers (PBCP) starting from poloxamer PEO130-b-PPO44-b-PEO130 (poly(ethylene oxide)130-b-poly(propylene oxide)44-b-poly(ethylene oxide)130) and adding two terminal qPDMAEMA85 (quaternized poly[(2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate]85) blocks is presented. Mixing of PBCP solutions with hexacyanoferrate(III)/ferricyanide solutions leads to a reduction of the decane/water interfacial tension accompanied by a co/self-assembly toward flower-like micelles in cold water because of the formation of an insoluble/hydrophobic qPDMAEMA/ferricyanide complex. In cold water, the PEO/PPO blocks provide colloidal stability over months. In hot water, the temperature-responsive PPO block is dehydrated, leading to a pronounced temperature dependence of the oil-water interfacial tension. In solution, the sticky PPO segments exposed at the micellar corona cause a colloidal clustering above a certain threshold temperature, which follows Smoluchowski-type kinetics. This coagulation remains for months even after cooling, indicating the presence of a kinetically trapped nonequilibrium state for at least one of the observed micellar structures. Therefore, the system memorizes a previous suffering of heat. This phenomenon is linked to an exchange of qPDMAEMA-blocks bridging the micellar cores after PPO-induced clustering. The addition of ferrous ions hampers the exchange, leading to the reversible coagulation of Prussian blue loaded micelles. Hence, the Fe2+ addition causes a shift from history monitoring to the sensing of the present temperature. Presumably, the system can be adapted for different temperatures in order to monitor transport and storage in a simple way. Hence, these polymeric "flowers" could contribute to preventing waste and sustaining the quality of goods (e.g., food) by temperature-induced bouquet formation, where an irreversible exchange of "tentacles" between the flowers stabilizes the bouquet at other temperatures as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quirin Prasser
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Straße 29, Freiberg 09599, Germany
| | - Thomas Fuhs
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Straße 29, Freiberg 09599, Germany
| | - Bernhard Torger
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Straße 29, Freiberg 09599, Germany
| | - Richard Neubert
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Straße 29, Freiberg 09599, Germany
| | - Erica Brendler
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry, TU Bergakademie
Freiberg, Leipziger Straße 29, Freiberg 09599, Germany
| | - Carla Vogt
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry, TU Bergakademie
Freiberg, Leipziger Straße 29, Freiberg 09599, Germany
| | - Florian Mertens
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Straße 29, Freiberg 09599, Germany
- Center
for Efficient High Temperature Processes and Materials Conversion
ZeHS, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Winklerstraße 5, Freiberg 09599, Germany
| | - Felix A. Plamper
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Straße 29, Freiberg 09599, Germany
- Center
for Efficient High Temperature Processes and Materials Conversion
ZeHS, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Winklerstraße 5, Freiberg 09599, Germany
- Freiberg
Center for Water Research ZeWaF, TU Bergakademie
Freiberg, Winklerstraße 5, Freiberg 09599, Germany
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27
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Boltnev RE, Vasiliev MM, Petrov OF. Two-dimensional Brownian motion of active particle on superfluid helium surface. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22538. [PMID: 38110441 PMCID: PMC10728076 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49672-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We report an experimental study of the 2D dynamics of active particles driven by quantum vortices on the free surface of superfluid helium at T = 1.45 К. The particle motion at short times (< 25 ms) relates to anomalous diffusion mode typical for active particles, while for longer times it corresponds to normal diffusion mode. The values of the rotational and translational kinetic energies of the particle allow to determine for the first time the intensity of the particle-vortex interaction and the dissipation rate of the vortex bundle energy. Strong bonding between a particle and a vortex is explained by coupling of normal and superfluid components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman E Boltnev
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhorskaya Str. 13/2, Moscow, Russia, 125412.
| | - Mikhail M Vasiliev
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhorskaya Str. 13/2, Moscow, Russia, 125412
| | - Oleg F Petrov
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhorskaya Str. 13/2, Moscow, Russia, 125412
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28
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Onuh G, Bar-On R, Manor O. Particle Network Self-Assembly of Similar Size Sub-Micron Calcium Alginate and Polystyrene Particles Atop Glass. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2300219. [PMID: 37551162 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Particle-mediated self-assembly, such as nanocomposites, microstructure formation in materials, and core-shell coating of biological particles, offers precise control over the properties of biological materials for applications in drug delivery, tissue engineering, and biosensing. The assembly of similar-sized calcium alginate (CAG) and polystyrene sub-micron particles is studied in an aqueous sodium nitrate solution as a model for particle-mediated self-assembly of biological and synthetic mixed particle species. The objective is to reinforce biological matrices by incorporating synthetic particles to form hybrid particulate networks with tailored properties. By varying the ionic strength of the suspension, the authors alter the energy barriers for particle attachment to each other and to a glass substrate that result from colloidal surface forces. The particles do not show monotonic adsorption trend to glass with ionic strength. Hence, apart from DLVO theory-van der Waals and electrostatic interactions-the authors further consider solvation and bridging interactions in the analysis of the particulate adsorption-coagulation system. CAG particles, which support lower energy barriers to attachment relative to their counterpart polystyrene particles, accumulate as dense aggregates on the glass substrate. Polystyrene particles adsorb simultaneously as detached particles. At high electrolyte concentrations, where electrostatic repulsion is largely screened, the mixture of particles covers most of the glass substrate; the CAG particles form a continuous network throughout the glass substrate with pockets of polystyrene particles. The particulate structure is correlated with the adjustable energy barriers for particle attachment in the suspension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon Onuh
- Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Roi Bar-On
- Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Ofer Manor
- Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
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29
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Marín-Aguilar S, Camerin F, van der Ham S, Feasson A, Vutukuri HR, Dijkstra M. A colloidal viewpoint on the sausage catastrophe and the finite sphere packing problem. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7896. [PMID: 38036561 PMCID: PMC10689752 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43722-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
It is commonly believed that the most efficient way to pack a finite number of equal-sized spheres is by arranging them tightly in a cluster. However, mathematicians have conjectured that a linear arrangement may actually result in the densest packing. Here, our combined experimental and simulation study provides a physical realization of the finite sphere packing problem by studying arrangements of colloids in a flaccid lipid vesicle. We map out a state diagram displaying linear, planar, and cluster conformations of spheres, as well as bistable states which alternate between cluster-plate and plate-linear conformations due to membrane fluctuations. Finally, by systematically analyzing truncated polyhedral packings, we identify clusters of 56 ≤ N ≤ 70 number of spheres, excluding N = 57 and 63, that pack more efficiently than linear arrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Marín-Aguilar
- Soft Condensed Matter & Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, Utrecht, 3584 CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Fabrizio Camerin
- Soft Condensed Matter & Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, Utrecht, 3584 CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (WPI-SKCM²), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Stijn van der Ham
- Active Soft Matter and Bio-inspired Materials Lab, Faculty of Science and Technology, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Andréa Feasson
- Active Soft Matter and Bio-inspired Materials Lab, Faculty of Science and Technology, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Hanumantha Rao Vutukuri
- Active Soft Matter and Bio-inspired Materials Lab, Faculty of Science and Technology, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Marjolein Dijkstra
- Soft Condensed Matter & Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, Utrecht, 3584 CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (WPI-SKCM²), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Hiroshima, Japan.
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30
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Stuhlmüller NCX, Farrokhzad F, Kuświk P, Stobiecki F, Urbaniak M, Akhundzada S, Ehresmann A, Fischer TM, de Las Heras D. Simultaneous and independent topological control of identical microparticles in non-periodic energy landscapes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7517. [PMID: 37980403 PMCID: PMC10657436 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43390-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Topological protection ensures stability of information and particle transport against perturbations. We explore experimentally and computationally the topologically protected transport of magnetic colloids above spatially inhomogeneous magnetic patterns, revealing that transport complexity can be encoded in both the driving loop and the pattern. Complex patterns support intricate transport modes when the microparticles are subjected to simple time-periodic loops of a uniform magnetic field. We design a pattern featuring a topological defect that functions as an attractor or a repeller of microparticles, as well as a pattern that directs microparticles along a prescribed complex trajectory. Using simple patterns and complex loops, we simultaneously and independently control the motion of several identical microparticles differing only in their positions above the pattern. Combining complex patterns and complex loops we transport microparticles from unknown locations to predefined positions and then force them to follow arbitrarily complex trajectories concurrently. Our findings pave the way for new avenues in transport control and dynamic self-assembly in colloidal science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico C X Stuhlmüller
- Theoretische Physik II, Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Farzaneh Farrokhzad
- Experimatalphysik X, Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Piotr Kuświk
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-179, Poznań, Poland
| | - Feliks Stobiecki
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-179, Poznań, Poland
| | - Maciej Urbaniak
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-179, Poznań, Poland
| | - Sapida Akhundzada
- Institute of Physics and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), University of Kassel, D-34132, Kassel, Germany
| | - Arno Ehresmann
- Institute of Physics and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), University of Kassel, D-34132, Kassel, Germany
| | - Thomas M Fischer
- Experimatalphysik X, Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Daniel de Las Heras
- Theoretische Physik II, Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440, Bayreuth, Germany.
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31
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Kooti G, Dabir B, Taherdangkoo R, Butscher C. Modelling droplet size distribution in inline electrostatic coalescers for improved crude oil processing. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20209. [PMID: 37980362 PMCID: PMC10657393 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46251-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Water-in-oil emulsions pose significant challenges in the petroleum and chemical industrial processes, necessitating the coalescence enhancement of dispersed water droplets in emulsified oils. This study develops a mathematical model to predict the evolution of water droplet size distribution in inline electrostatic coalescers (IEC) as a promising means to improve the water separation efficiency of current oil processing systems. The proposed model utilizes the population balance modelling approach to effectively simulate the dynamic and complex processes of coalescence and breakage of droplets in crude oil which directly influence the separation efficiency of the process. The method of classes as an effective mathematical technique is selected to solve the population balance equation (PBE). The accuracy of the model and considered assumptions agree well with experimental data collected from the literature. The results demonstrate the model's ability to accurately simulate droplet coalescence and breakage in emulsified oil while predicting droplet size distribution and water removal efficiency. The electric field strength, residence time, and fluid flow rate significantly influence the coalescence of droplets. At 4 kV and 5 m3/h after 4 s the mean diameter of droplets (D50) and separation efficiency reach the maximum of 94.3% and 432 µm, respectively. The model enables the optimization of operational conditions, resulting in increased performance and reliability of oil-processing systems while reducing the energy consumption and use of chemical demulsifiers. Additionally, utilization of the device in optimized conditions significantly reduces the size and weight of downstream separation equipment, which is particularly advantageous for heavy oils and offshore fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Kooti
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Chair of Engineering Geology and Environmental Geotechnics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Bahram Dabir
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Taherdangkoo
- Chair of Engineering Geology and Environmental Geotechnics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Butscher
- Chair of Engineering Geology and Environmental Geotechnics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
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32
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Dias CS, Trivedi M, Volpe G, Araújo NAM, Volpe G. Environmental memory boosts group formation of clueless individuals. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7324. [PMID: 37957196 PMCID: PMC10643543 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43099-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of groups of interacting individuals improves performance and fitness in many decentralised systems, from micro-organisms to social insects, from robotic swarms to artificial intelligence algorithms. Often, group formation and high-level coordination in these systems emerge from individuals with limited information-processing capabilities implementing low-level rules of communication to signal to each other. Here, we show that, even in a community of clueless individuals incapable of processing information and communicating, a dynamic environment can coordinate group formation by transiently storing memory of the earlier passage of individuals. Our results identify a new mechanism of indirect coordination via shared memory that is primarily promoted and reinforced by dynamic environmental factors, thus overshadowing the need for any form of explicit signalling between individuals. We expect this pathway to group formation to be relevant for understanding and controlling self-organisation and collective decision making in both living and artificial active matter in real-life environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristóvão S Dias
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Física Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Manish Trivedi
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, WC1H 0AJ, London, UK
| | - Giovanni Volpe
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Nuno A M Araújo
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal.
- Centro de Física Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Giorgio Volpe
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, WC1H 0AJ, London, UK.
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33
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Mohanty S, Chen T, Chen IT, So F, Chang CH. Modeling the co-assembly of binary nanoparticles. Nanotechnology 2023; 35:035301. [PMID: 37820637 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we present a binary assembly model that can predict the co-assembly structure and spatial frequency spectra of monodispersed nanoparticles with two different particle sizes. The approach relies on an iterative algorithm based on geometric constraints, which can simulate the assembly patterns of particles with two distinct diameters, size distributions, and at various mixture ratios on a planar surface. The two-dimensional spatial-frequency spectra of the modeled assembles can be analyzed using fast Fourier transform analysis to examine their frequency content. The simulated co-assembly structures and spectra are compared with assembled nanoparticles fabricated using transfer coating method are in qualitative agreement with the experimental results. The co-assembly model can also be used to predict the peak spatial frequency and the full-width at half-maximum bandwidth, which can lead to the design of the structure spectra by selection of different monodispersed particles. This work can find applications in fabrication of non-periodic nanostructures for functional surfaces, light extraction structures, and broadband nanophotonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Mohanty
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, TX 78712, United States of America
| | - Timothy Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, United States of America
| | - I-Te Chen
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, TX 78712, United States of America
| | - Franky So
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, United States of America
| | - Chih-Hao Chang
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, TX 78712, United States of America
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34
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Zhang B, Glatz A, Aranson IS, Snezhko A. Spontaneous shock waves in pulse-stimulated flocks of Quincke rollers. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7050. [PMID: 37923744 PMCID: PMC10624688 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42633-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Active matter demonstrates complex spatiotemporal self-organization not accessible at equilibrium and the emergence of collective behavior. Fluids comprised of microscopic Quincke rollers represent a popular realization of synthetic active matter. Temporal activity modulations, realized by modulated external electric fields, represent an effective tool to expand the variety of accessible dynamic states in active ensembles. Here, we report on the emergence of shockwave patterns composed of coherently moving particles energized by a pulsed electric field. The shockwaves emerge spontaneously and move faster than the average particle speed. Combining experiments, theory, and simulations, we demonstrate that the shockwaves originate from intermittent spontaneous vortex cores due to a vortex meandering instability. They occur when the rollers' translational and rotational decoherence times, regulated by the electric pulse durations, become comparable. The phenomenon does not rely on the presence of confinement, and multiple shock waves continuously arise and vanish in the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Andreas Glatz
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, 60115, USA
| | - Igor S Aranson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Alexey Snezhko
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.
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35
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Mo R, Zhang F, Sheng X, Zhang X. A Sensitive Concentration- and Polarity-Dependent Pyrene-Derived Vibrationally Resolved Fluorescence Probe for The Polymer Interdiffusion Study. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300391. [PMID: 37690003 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The vibrationally resolved pyrene fluorescence probe method is once popular but now languished, because the vibrationally resolved patterns of pyrene with limited sensitivity and concentration independence have not been updated for over 50 years. During investigation on the polymer interdiffusion of a latex film, it is found that a pyrene acylhydrazone whose vibrationally resolved fluorescence pattern contradictory to those reported in pyrene and most pyrene derivatives. The pyrene acylhydrazone has sensitive concentration- and polarity-dependent fluorescence spectra (the sensitivity on polarity is at most 26 times higher than the old vibrationally resolved patterns), and the sensitivity well remains when it is copolymerized in a polymer. The vibrationally resolved spectrum of this pyrene acylhydrazone is a powerful fluorescence probe, which would be as useful as the pyrene excimer probe nowadays popular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibin Mo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Fusheng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xinxin Sheng
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xinya Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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36
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Archer RJ, Ebbens SJ. Symmetrical Catalytic Colloids Display Janus-Like Active Brownian Particle Motion. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2303154. [PMID: 37870200 PMCID: PMC10667803 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic Janus colloids, with one hemi-sphere covered by a hydrogen peroxide reduction catalyst such as platinum, represent one of the most experimentally explored examples of self-motile active colloid systems. This paper comparatively investigates the motile behavior of symmetrical catalytic colloids produced by a solution-based metal salt reduction process. Despite the significant differences in the distribution of catalytic activity, this study finds that the motion produced by symmetrical colloids is equivalent to that previously reported for Janus colloids. It also shows that introducing a Janus structure to the symmetrical colloids via masking does not significantly modify their motion. These findings could indicate that very subtle variations in surface reactivity can be sufficient to produce Janus-like active Brownian particle-type motion, or that a symmetry-breaking phenomena is present. The study will consequently motivate fresh theoretical attention and also demonstrate a straightforward route to access large quantities of motile active colloids, which are expected to show subtly different phenomenology compared to those with Janus structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J. Archer
- Molecular Robotics LaboratoryDepartment of RoboticsGraduate School of EngineeringTohoku UniversitySendai980‐8579Japan
| | - Stephen J. Ebbens
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of SheffieldMappin StreetSheffieldS1 3JDUK
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37
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Rey M, Kolker J, Richards JA, Malhotra I, Glen TS, Li NYD, Laidlaw FHJ, Renggli D, Vermant J, Schofield AB, Fujii S, Löwen H, Clegg PS. Interactions between interfaces dictate stimuli-responsive emulsion behaviour. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6723. [PMID: 37872193 PMCID: PMC10593850 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42379-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive emulsions offer a dual advantage, combining long-term storage with controlled release triggered by external cues such as pH or temperature changes. This study establishes that thermo-responsive emulsion behaviour is primarily determined by interactions between, rather than within, interfaces. Consequently, the stability of these emulsions is intricately tied to the nature of the stabilizing microgel particles - whether they are more polymeric or colloidal, and the morphology they assume at the liquid interface. The colloidal properties of the microgels provide the foundation for the long-term stability of Pickering emulsions. However, limited deformability can lead to non-responsive emulsions. Conversely, the polymeric properties of the microgels enable them to spread and flatten at the liquid interface, enabling stimuli-responsive behaviour. Furthermore, microgels shared between two emulsion droplets in flocculated emulsions facilitate stimuli-responsiveness, regardless of their internal architecture. This underscores the pivotal role of microgel morphology and the forces they exert on liquid interfaces in the control and design of stimuli-responsive emulsions and interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Rey
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, UK.
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, SE-41296, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Jannis Kolker
- Institute for Theoretical Physics II: Soft Matter, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - James A Richards
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, UK
| | - Isha Malhotra
- Institute for Theoretical Physics II: Soft Matter, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas S Glen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, UK
| | - N Y Denise Li
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, UK
| | - Fraser H J Laidlaw
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, UK
| | - Damian Renggli
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Vermant
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew B Schofield
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, UK
| | - Syuji Fujii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka, 535-8585, Japan
- Nanomaterials Microdevices Research Center, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka, 535-8585, Japan
| | - Hartmut Löwen
- Institute for Theoretical Physics II: Soft Matter, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Paul S Clegg
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, UK
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38
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Cereceda-López E, Antonov AP, Ryabov A, Maass P, Tierno P. Overcrowding induces fast colloidal solitons in a slowly rotating potential landscape. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6448. [PMID: 37833258 PMCID: PMC10575966 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41989-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Collective particle transport across periodic energy landscapes is ubiquitously present in many condensed matter systems spanning from vortices in high-temperature superconductors, frictional atomic sliding, driven skyrmions to biological and active matter. Here we report the emergence of fast solitons propagating against a rotating optical landscape. These experimentally observed solitons are stable cluster waves that originate from a coordinated particle exchange process which occurs when the number of trapped microparticles exceeds the number of potential wells. The size and speed of individual solitons rapidly increase with the particle diameter as predicted by theory and confirmed by numerical simulations. We show that when several solitons coexist, an effective repulsive interaction can stabilize their propagation along the periodic potential. Our experiments demonstrate a generic mechanism for cluster-mediated transport with potential applications to condensed matter systems on different length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Cereceda-López
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, Universitat de Barcelona (IN2UB), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexander P Antonov
- Universität Osnabrück, Fachbereich Physik, Barbarastraße 7, D-49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Artem Ryabov
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Macromolecular Physics, V Holešovičkách 2, CZ-18000, Praha 8, Czech Republic.
| | - Philipp Maass
- Universität Osnabrück, Fachbereich Physik, Barbarastraße 7, D-49076, Osnabrück, Germany.
| | - Pietro Tierno
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, Universitat de Barcelona (IN2UB), 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- University of Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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39
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Löffler RC, Panizon E, Bechinger C. Collective foraging of active particles trained by reinforcement learning. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17055. [PMID: 37816879 PMCID: PMC10564893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44268-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Collective self-organization of animal groups is a recurring phenomenon in nature which has attracted a lot of attention in natural and social sciences. To understand how collective motion can be achieved without the presence of an external control, social interactions have been considered which regulate the motion and orientation of neighbors relative to each other. Here, we want to understand the motivation and possible reasons behind the emergence of such interaction rules using an experimental model system of light-responsive active colloidal particles (APs). Via reinforcement learning (RL), the motion of particles is optimized regarding their foraging behavior in presence of randomly appearing food sources. Although RL maximizes the rewards of single APs, we observe the emergence of collective behaviors within the particle group. The advantage of such collective strategy in context of foraging is to compensate lack of local information which strongly increases the robustness of the resulting policy. Our results demonstrate that collective behavior may not only result on the optimization of behaviors on the group level but may also arise from maximizing the benefit of individuals. Apart from a better understanding of collective behaviors in natural systems, these results may also be useful in context of the design of autonomous robotic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Löffler
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, 78464, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Emanuele Panizon
- The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Strada Costiera 11, 34151, Trieste, Italy
| | - Clemens Bechinger
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, 78464, Konstanz, Germany.
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, Universität Konstanz, 78464, Konstanz, Germany.
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40
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Katzmeier F, Simmel FC. Microrobots powered by concentration polarization electrophoresis (CPEP). Nat Commun 2023; 14:6247. [PMID: 37802992 PMCID: PMC10558450 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41923-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Second-order electrokinetic flow around colloidal particles caused by concentration polarization electro-osmosis (CPEO) can result in a phoretic motion of asymmetric particle dimers in a homogeneous AC electrical field, which we refer to as concentration polarization electro-phoresis (CPEP). To demonstrate this actuation mechanism, we created particle dimers from micron-sized silica spheres with sizes 1.0 μm and 2.1 μm by connecting them with DNA linker molecules. The dimers can be steered along arbitrarily chosen paths within a 2D plane by controlling the orientation of the AC electric field in a fluidic chamber with the joystick of a gamepad. Further utilizing induced dipole-dipole interactions, we demonstrate that particle dimers can be used to controllably pick up monomeric particles and release them at any desired position, and also to assemble several particles into groups. Systematic experiments exploring the dependence of the dimer migration speed on the electric field strength, frequency, and buffer composition align with the theoretical framework of CPEO and provide parameter ranges for the operation of our microrobots. Furthermore, experiments with a variety of asymmetric particles, such as fragmented ceramic, borosilicate glass, acrylic glass, agarose gel, and ground coffee particles, as well as yeast cells, demonstrate that CPEP is a generic phenomenon that can be expected for all charged dielectric particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Katzmeier
- Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University Munich, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Friedrich C Simmel
- Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University Munich, D-85748, Garching, Germany.
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41
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Dsouza SD, Buerkle M, Alessi B, Brunet P, Morelli A, Payam AF, Maguire P, Mariotti D, Svrcek V. Synthesis of water-stable and highly luminescent graphite quantum dots. Nanotechnology 2023; 34. [PMID: 37683622 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acf7cc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Highly stable and environmentally friendly nitrogen-doped graphite quantum dots consisting of ∼12 layers of graphene, average diameter of ∼7.3 nm, prepared by atmospheric pressure microplasma are reported to have blue emission due to surface states created by nitrogen doping (9 atomic%) and reaction with oxygen. The low-temperature synthesis method requires simple precursors in water, with no annealing or filtration, producing crystalline disc-shaped quantum dots with ∼68% photoluminescence emission quantum yield at 420 nm excitation and that have shown stability for more than one month after the synthesis. The nitrogen doping in the quantum dots mainly occurs in graphitic core as substituted type of doping (63-67 atomic%) and the amount of doping is sufficient to create emissive states without impacting the core structure. The optical and chemical properties do not undergo serious retardation even with re-dispersion suggesting easy applicability for cellular imaging or optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavia Deeksha Dsouza
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Central 2, Umezono 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8568, Japan
- School of Engineering, Ulster University, Belfast, BT15 1AP, United Kingdom
| | - Marius Buerkle
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Central 2, Umezono 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8568, Japan
| | - Bruno Alessi
- School of Engineering, Ulster University, Belfast, BT15 1AP, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Brunet
- School of Engineering, Ulster University, Belfast, BT15 1AP, United Kingdom
| | - Alessio Morelli
- School of Engineering, Ulster University, Belfast, BT15 1AP, United Kingdom
| | - Amir Farokh Payam
- School of Engineering, Ulster University, Belfast, BT15 1AP, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Maguire
- School of Engineering, Ulster University, Belfast, BT15 1AP, United Kingdom
| | - Davide Mariotti
- School of Engineering, Ulster University, Belfast, BT15 1AP, United Kingdom
| | - Vladimir Svrcek
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Central 2, Umezono 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8568, Japan
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42
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Svetlizky I, Kim S, Weitz DA, Spaepen F. Dislocation interactions during plastic relaxation of epitaxial colloidal crystals. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5760. [PMID: 37717044 PMCID: PMC10505195 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41430-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe difficulty to resolve simultaneously both the macroscopic deformation process and the dislocation dynamics on the atomic scale limits our understanding of crystal plasticity. Here we use colloidal crystals, imaged on the single particle level by high-speed three-dimensional (3D) confocal microscopy, and resolve in real-time both the relaxation of the epitaxial misfit strain and the accompanying evolution of dislocations. We show how dislocation interactions give rise to the formation of complex dislocation networks in 3D and to unexpectedly sharp plastic relaxation. The sharp relaxation is facilitated by attractive interactions that promote the formation of new dislocations that are more efficient in mediating strain. Dislocation networks form fragmented structures, as dislocation growth is blocked by either attractive interactions, which result in the formation of sessile dislocation junctions, or by repulsion from perpendicular segments. The strength of these blocking mechanisms decreases with the thickness of the crystal film. These results reveal the critical role of dislocation interactions in plastic deformation of thin films and can be readily generalized from the colloidal to the atomic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Svetlizky
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS), Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Seongsoo Kim
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS), Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David A Weitz
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS), Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Frans Spaepen
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS), Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Tao H, Rigoni C, Li H, Koistinen A, Timonen JVI, Zhou J, Kontturi E, Rojas OJ, Chu G. Publisher Correction: Thermodynamically controlled multiphase separation of heterogeneous liquid crystal colloids. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5538. [PMID: 37684249 PMCID: PMC10491577 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41402-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Han Tao
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02510, Espoo, Finland
| | - Carlo Rigoni
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Puumiehenkuja 2, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Hailong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Antti Koistinen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02510, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jaakko V I Timonen
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Puumiehenkuja 2, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jiancheng Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Eero Kontturi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02510, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02510, Espoo, Finland.
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Guang Chu
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02510, Espoo, Finland.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
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44
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Kamath S, Hammad Altaq H, Abdo T. Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock: What Have We Learned in the Last Two Decades? Microorganisms 2023; 11:2231. [PMID: 37764075 PMCID: PMC10537306 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a clinical syndrome encompassing physiologic and biological abnormalities caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Sepsis progression into septic shock is associated with a dramatic increase in mortality, hence the importance of early identification and treatment. Over the last two decades, the definition of sepsis has evolved to improve early sepsis recognition and screening, standardize the terms used to describe sepsis and highlight its association with organ dysfunction and higher mortality. The early 2000s witnessed the birth of early goal-directed therapy (EGDT), which showed a dramatic reduction in mortality leading to its wide adoption, and the surviving sepsis campaign (SSC), which has been instrumental in developing and updating sepsis guidelines over the last 20 years. Outside of early fluid resuscitation and antibiotic therapy, sepsis management has transitioned to a less aggressive approach over the last few years, shying away from routine mixed venous oxygen saturation and central venous pressure monitoring and excessive fluids resuscitation, inotropes use, and red blood cell transfusions. Peripheral vasopressor use was deemed safe and is rising, and resuscitation with balanced crystalloids and a restrictive fluid strategy was explored. This review will address some of sepsis management's most important yet controversial components and summarize the available evidence from the last two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tony Abdo
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, The Oklahoma City VA Health Care System, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (S.K.); (H.H.A.)
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45
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Zhang H, Feng X, Xia X, Zhu J, Wang H, Ni R, Zhang Z. Shape-Dictated Self-Assembly of Photoresponsive Hybrid Colloids. Small Methods 2023; 7:e2300383. [PMID: 37183306 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The shape-dictated self-assembly of hybrid colloids induced by chemical concentration gradients generated by photocatalytic reactions of the colloids is studied. Different shapes enable the formation of assemblies with distinct lattice structures including hexagons, distorted hexagons, and squares, which are corroborated by computer simulations. Furthermore, assemblies change from lattices to chains when increasing the attraction between the colloids. The results show that photoresponsive hybrid colloids possess a unique capability for shape-dependent self-assembly, offering a practical and versatile approach to manipulate self-assembly at the microscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xuan Feng
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Xiuyang Xia
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Jiao Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Huaguang Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ran Ni
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Zexin Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Institute for Advanced Study, Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
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46
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Lu Y, Kamkar M, Guo S, Niu X, Wan Z, Xu J, Su X, Fan Y, Bai L, Rojas OJ. Super-Macroporous Lightweight Materials Templated from Bicontinuous Intra-Phase Jammed Emulsion Gels Based on Nanochitin. Small 2023; 19:e2300686. [PMID: 37147774 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-equilibrium multiphase systems are formed by mixing two immiscible nanoparticle dispersions, leading to bicontinuous emulsions that template cryogels with interconnected, tortuous channels. Herein, a renewable, rod-like biocolloid (chitin nanocrystals, ChNC) is used to kinetically arrest bicontinuous morphologies. Specifically, it is found that ChNC stabilizes intra-phase jammed bicontinuous systems at an ultra-low particle concentration (as low as 0.6 wt.%), leading to tailorable morphologies. The synergistic effects of ChNC high aspect ratio, intrinsic stiffness, and interparticle interactions produce hydrogelation and, upon drying, lead to open channels bearing dual characteristic sizes, suitably integrated into robust bicontinuous ultra-lightweight solids. Overall, it demonstrates the successful formation of ChNC-jammed bicontinuous emulsions and a facile emulsion templating route to synthesize chitin cryogels that form unique super-macroporous networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lu
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2385 Agronomy Rd & East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Milad Kamkar
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2385 Agronomy Rd & East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Shasha Guo
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2385 Agronomy Rd & East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Xun Niu
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2385 Agronomy Rd & East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Zhangmin Wan
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2385 Agronomy Rd & East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Junhua Xu
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2385 Agronomy Rd & East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No.159 Longpan Road, 210037, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoya Su
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2385 Agronomy Rd & East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yimin Fan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No.159 Longpan Road, 210037, Nanjing, China
| | - Long Bai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2385 Agronomy Rd & East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, 02150, Finland
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47
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Mbah CF, Wang J, Englisch S, Bommineni P, Varela-Rosales NR, Spiecker E, Vogel N, Engel M. Early-stage bifurcation of crystallization in a sphere. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5299. [PMID: 37652966 PMCID: PMC10471623 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bifurcations in kinetic pathways decide the evolution of a system. An example is crystallization, in which the thermodynamically stable polymorph may not form due to kinetic hindrance. Here, we use confined self-assembly to investigate the interplay of thermodynamics and kinetics in the crystallization pathways of finite clusters. We report the observation of decahedral clusters from colloidal particles in emulsion droplets and show that these decahedral clusters can be thermodynamically stable, just like icosahedral clusters. Our hard sphere simulations reveal how the development of the early nucleus shape passes through a bifurcation that decides the cluster symmetry. A geometric argument explains why decahedral clusters are kinetically hindered and why icosahedral clusters can be dominant even if they are not in the thermodynamic ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrameh Fru Mbah
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation, IZNF, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Junwei Wang
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Silvan Englisch
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research and Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy, IZNF, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Praveen Bommineni
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation, IZNF, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, Telangana, 506004, India
| | - Nydia Roxana Varela-Rosales
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation, IZNF, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Erdmann Spiecker
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research and Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy, IZNF, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Vogel
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Michael Engel
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation, IZNF, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
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48
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Bezrukov A, Galyametdinov Y. Tuning Molecular Orientation Responses of Microfluidic Liquid Crystal Dispersions to Colloid and Polymer Flows. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13555. [PMID: 37686359 PMCID: PMC10488184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
An important approach to molecular diagnostics is integrating organized substances that provide complex molecular level responses to introduced chemical and biological agents with conditions that optimize and distinguish such responses. In this respect, liquid crystal dispersions are attractive components of molecular diagnostic tools. This paper analyzes a colloid system, containing a nematic liquid crystal as a dispersed phase, and aqueous surfactant and polymer solutions as the continuous phases. We applied a microfluidic approach for tuning orientation of liquid crystal molecules in picoliter droplets immobilized on microchannel walls. Introduction of surfactant to the aqueous phase was found to proportionally increase the order parameter of liquid crystal molecules in microdroplets. Infusion of polymer solutions into surfactant-mediated microfluidic liquid crystal dispersions increased the order parameter at much lower surfactant concentrations, while further infusion of surfactant solutions randomized the orientation of liquid crystal molecules. These effects were correlated with the adsorption of surfactant molecules on surfaces of microdroplets, stabilizing the effect of a polymer matrix on bound surfactant ions and the formation of insoluble polymer-colloid aggregates, respectively. The revealed molecular behavior of liquid crystal dispersions may contribute to optimized synthesis of responsive liquid crystal dispersions for in-flow molecular diagnostics of polymers and colloids, and the development of functional laboratory-on-chip prototypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Bezrukov
- Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Kazan National Research Technological University, 68 Karl Marx Str., Kazan 420015, Russia;
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Tao H, Rigoni C, Li H, Koistinen A, Timonen JVI, Zhou J, Kontturi E, Rojas OJ, Chu G. Thermodynamically controlled multiphase separation of heterogeneous liquid crystal colloids. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5277. [PMID: 37644027 PMCID: PMC10465492 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41054-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Phase separation is a universal physical transition process whereby a homogeneous mixture splits into two distinct compartments that are driven by the component activity, elasticity, or compositions. In the current work, we develop a series of heterogeneous colloidal suspensions that exhibit both liquid-liquid phase separation of semiflexible binary polymers and liquid crystal phase separation of rigid, rod-like nanocellulose particles. The phase behavior of the multicomponent mixture is controlled by the trade-off between thermodynamics and kinetics during the two transition processes, displaying cholesteric self-assembly of nanocellulose within or across the compartmented aqueous phases. Upon thermodynamic control, two-, three-, and four-phase coexistence behaviors with rich liquid crystal stackings are realized. Among which, each relevant multiphase separation kinetics shows fundamentally different paths governed by nucleation and growth of polymer droplets and nanocellulose tactoids. Furthermore, a coupled multiphase transition can be realized by tuning the composition and the equilibrium temperature, which results in thermotropic behavior of polymers within a lyotropic liquid crystal matrix. Finally, upon drying, the multicomponent mixture undergoes a hierarchical self-assembly of nanocellulose and polymers into stratified cholesteric films, exhibiting compartmentalized polymer distribution and anisotropic microporous structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Tao
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02510, Espoo, Finland
| | - Carlo Rigoni
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Puumiehenkuja 2, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Hailong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Antti Koistinen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02510, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jaakko V I Timonen
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Puumiehenkuja 2, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jiancheng Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Eero Kontturi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02510, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02510, Espoo, Finland.
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Guang Chu
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02510, Espoo, Finland.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
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Möller N, Hecht L, Niu R, Liebchen B, Palberg T. Writing Into Water. Small 2023:e2303741. [PMID: 37603386 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Writing is an ancient communication technique dating back at least 30 000 years. While even sophisticated contemporary writing techniques hinge on solid surfaces for engraving or the deposition of ink, writing within a liquid medium requires a fundamentally different approach. The study here demonstrates the writing of lines, letters, and complex patterns in water by assembling lines of colloidal particles. Unlike established techniques for underwater writing on solid substrates, these lines are fully reconfigurable and do not require any fixation onto the substrate. Exploiting gravity, an ion-exchange bead (pen) is rolled across a layer of sedimented colloidal particles (ink). The pen evokes a hydrodynamic flow collecting ink-particles into a durable, high-contrast line along its trajectory. Deliberate substrate-tilting sequences facilitate pen-steering and thus drawing and writing. The experiments are complemented with a minimal model that quantitatively predicts the observed parameter dependence for writing in fluids and highlights the generic character of writing by line-assembly. Overall, the approach opens a versatile route for writing, drawing, and patterning fluids-even at the micro-scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadir Möller
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität, Staudinger Weg 7, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lukas Hecht
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstr. 8, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ran Niu
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität, Staudinger Weg 7, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Benno Liebchen
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstr. 8, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Thomas Palberg
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität, Staudinger Weg 7, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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