701
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Kowluru RA, Santos JM, Zhong Q. Sirt1, a negative regulator of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in diabetic retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:5653-60. [PMID: 24894401 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-14383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 damages retinal mitochondria, activating the apoptotic machinery. Transcription of MMP-9 is regulated by nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and the activation of NF-κB is modulated by the acetylation of its p65 subunit. Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), a deacetylase, plays an important role in the acetylation-deacetylation of p65. The goal of this study is to investigate the role of Sirt1 in the activation of MMP-9 in diabetic retinopathy. METHODS The effect of hyperglycemia and Sirt1 activator, resveratrol, on acetylation of p65 and its binding at MMP-9 promoter-and mitochondrial damage and apoptosis-was assessed in the retinal endothelial cells. Role of oxidative stress in the regulation of Sirt1 was evaluated in the cells incubated in H2O2. The results were confirmed in the retina from diabetic mice with Sod2 or MMP-9 gene manipulated. RESULTS High glucose decreased Sirt1 activity and increased p65 acetylation, and resveratrol prevented increase in p65 acetylation, binding of p65 at MMP-9 promoter and MMP-9 activation, mitochondria damage, and cell apoptosis. While Sirt1 was decreased by H2O2, MMP-9 was significantly increased. Retina from wild-type diabetic mice presented similar decrease in Sirt1, and diabetic mice with Sod2 overexpression or MMP-9 deletion had normal retinal Sirt1. Retinal microvasculature from human donors with established diabetic retinopathy also had decreased Sirt1. CONCLUSIONS Thus, in diabetes, increase in oxidative stress inhibits Sirt1 and p65 is hyperacetylated, increasing the binding of p65 at MMP-9 promoter. Prevention of Sirt1 inhibition, via modulating acetylation of p65, should protect activation of MMP-9 and inhibit the development of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu A Kowluru
- Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Julia M Santos
- Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Qing Zhong
- Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States
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702
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Yang Y, Yang WS, Yu T, Sung GH, Park KW, Yoon K, Son YJ, Hwang H, Kwak YS, Lee CM, Rhee MH, Kim JH, Cho JY. ATF-2/CREB/IRF-3-targeted anti-inflammatory activity of Korean red ginseng water extract. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 154:218-228. [PMID: 24735861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) is one of the representative traditional herbal medicines prepared from Panax ginseng Meyer (Araliaceae) in Korea. It has been reported that KRG exhibits a lot of different biological actions such as anti-aging, anti-fatigue, anti-stress, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. Although systematic studies have investigated how KRG is able to ameliorate various inflammatory diseases, its molecular inhibitory mechanisms had not been carried out prior to this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS In order to investigate these mechanisms, we evaluated the effects of a water extract of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG-WE) on the in vitro inflammatory responses of activated RAW264.7 cells, and on in vivo gastritis and peritonitis models by analyzing the activation events of inflammation-inducing transcription factors and their upstream kinases. RESULTS KRG-WE reduced the production of nitric oxide (NO), protected cells against NO-induced apoptosis, suppressed mRNA levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and interferon (IFN)-β, ameliorated EtOH/HCl-induced gastritis, and downregulated peritoneal exudate-derived NO production from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-injected mice. The inhibition of these inflammatory responses by KRG-WE was regulated through the suppression of p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and by subsequent inhibition of activating transcription factor (ATF)-2, cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and IRF-3 activation. Of ginsensides included in this extract, interestingly, G-Rc showed the highest inhibitory potency on IRF-3-mediated luciferase activity. CONCLUSION These results strongly suggest that the anti-inflammatory activities of KRG-WE could be due to its inhibition of the p38/JNK/TBK1 activation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Yang
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Seok Yang
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Ho Sung
- Mushroom Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong 369-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Kye Won Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Keejung Yoon
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Son
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 540-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsik Hwang
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi-Seong Kwak
- Ginseng Corporation Central Research Institute, Daejeon 305-805, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Muk Lee
- Metabolic Engineering Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Hee Rhee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
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703
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Zhang JG, Hong DF, Zhang CW, Sun XD, Wang ZF, Shi Y, Liu JW, Shen GL, Zhang YB, Cheng J, Wang CY, Zhao G. Sirtuin 1 facilitates chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer cells by regulating adaptive response to chemotherapy-induced stress. Cancer Sci 2014; 105:445-54. [PMID: 24484175 PMCID: PMC4317803 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy drugs themselves may act as stressors to induce adaptive responses to promote the chemoresistance of cancer cells. Our previous research showed that sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) was overexpressed in pancreatic cancer patients and deregulation of SIRT1 with RNAi could enhance chemosensitivity. Thus, we hypothesized that SIRT1 might facilitate chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer cells through regulating the adaptive response to chemotherapy-induced stress. In the present study, SIRT1 in PANC-1, BXPC-3, and ASPC-1 cells was upregulated after treatment with gemcitabine. Moreover, the decrease in SIRT1 activity with special inhibitor EX527 had a synergic effect on chemotherapy with gemcitabine in PANC-1 and ASPC-1 cell lines, which significantly promoted apoptosis, senescence, and G0 /G1 cycle arrest. Western blot results also showed that SIRT1, acetylated-p53, FOXO3a, and p21 were upregulated after combined treatment, whereas no obvious change was evident in total p53 protein. To further confirm the role of SIRT1 in clinical chemotherapy, SIRT1 was detected in eight pancreatic cancer tissues acquired by endoscopy ultrasonography guided fine needle aspiration biopsy before and after chemotherapy. Compared to before chemotherapy, SIRT1 was significantly increased after treatment with gemcitabine in six cases. Thus, our results indicated a special role for SIRT1 in the regulation of adaptive response to chemotherapy-induced stress, which is involved in chemoresistance. Moreover, it indicates that blocking SIRT1 activity with targeting drugs might be a novel strategy to reverse the chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Gang Zhang
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China; Pancreatic Disease Institute, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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704
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Gauter-Fleckenstein B, Reboucas JS, Fleckenstein K, Tovmasyan A, Owzar K, Jiang C, Batinic-Haberle I, Vujaskovic Z. Robust rat pulmonary radioprotection by a lipophilic Mn N-alkylpyridylporphyrin, MnTnHex-2-PyP(5+). Redox Biol 2014; 2:400-10. [PMID: 24624330 PMCID: PMC3949096 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2013.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With the goal to enhance the distribution of cationic Mn porphyrins within mitochondria, the lipophilic Mn(III)meso-tetrakis(N-n-hexylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin, MnTnHex-2-PyP(5+) has been synthesized and tested in several different model of diseases, where it shows remarkable efficacy at as low as 50 µg/kg single or multiple doses. Yet, in a rat lung radioprotection study, at higher 0.6-1 mg/kg doses, due to its high accumulation and micellar character, it became toxic. To avoid the toxicity, herein the pulmonary radioprotection of MnTnHex-2-PyP(5+) was assessed at 50 µg/kg. Fischer rats were irradiated to their right hemithorax (28 Gy) and treated with 0.05 mg/kg/day of MnTnHex-2-PyP(5+) for 2 weeks by subcutaneously-implanted osmotic pumps, starting at 2 h post-radiation. The body weights and breathing frequencies were followed for 10 weeks post-radiation, when the histopathology and immunohistochemistry were assessed. Impact of MnTnHex-2-PyP(5+) on macrophage recruitment (ED-1), DNA oxidative damage (8-OHdG), TGF-β1, VEGF(A) and HIF-1α were measured. MnTnHex-2-PyP(5+) significantly decreased radiation-induced lung histopathological (H&E staining) and functional damage (breathing frequencies), suppressed oxidative stress directly (8-OHdG), or indirectly, affecting TGF-β1, VEGF (A) and HIF-1α pathways. The magnitude of the therapeutic effects is similar to the effects demonstrated under same experimental conditions with 120-fold higher dose of ~5000-fold less lipophilic Mn(III)meso-tetrakis(N-ethylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin, MnTE-2-PyP(5+).
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Key Words
- 8-OHdG, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine
- AKT, protein kinase B (PKB), a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase
- ALS, amyotrophic laterial sclerosis
- AP-1, activator protein-1
- AT, ataxia telangiectasia
- BBB, blood brain barrier
- Breathing frequencies
- CNS, central nervous system
- CO3−, carbonate radical
- ClO−, hypochlorite
- ETC, mitochondrial electron transport chain
- Fischer rats
- GMP, good manufacturing practice
- GS−, monodeprotonated glutathione
- HIF-1α, hypoxia inducible factor-1
- HO2−, monodeprotonated hydrogen peroxide
- Histopathology
- I/R, ischemia reperfusion
- Immunohistochemistry
- Lung injury
- MCAO, middle cerebral artery occlusion
- Manganese porphyrins
- MnP, Mn porphyrin
- MnTDE-2-ImP5+, Mn(III) tetrakis[N,N'-diethylimidazolium-2-yl)porphyrin, AEOL10150
- MnTE-2-PyP5+
- MnTE-2-PyP5+, Mn(III) meso-tetrakis(N-ethylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin (AEOL10113)
- MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+, Mn(III) meso-tetrakis(N-(n-butoxyethyl)pyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin
- MnTnHex-2-PyP5+
- MnTnHex-2-PyP5+, Mn(III) meso-tetrakis(N-(n-hexyl)pyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin (AEOL10113)
- NF-κB, nuclear factor κB
- NHE, normal hydrogen electrode
- NO, nitric oxide
- NOX4, NADPH oxidase, isoform 4 E1/2, Half-wave metal-centered reduction potential
- Nrf-2, nuclear factor-erythroid-derived 2-like 2
- O2−, superoxide
- ONOO−, peroxynitrite
- PI3K, phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase
- PTEN, phosphoinositide 3-phosphatase
- Radioprotection
- Redox-modulators
- SAH, subarachnoid hemorrhage
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- SP-1, specificity protein-1
- TF, transcription factor
- TGF-β1, one of the 3 members of the TGF-β transforming growth factor-β family
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a serine/threonine protein kinase
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Gauter-Fleckenstein
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA ; Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Julio S Reboucas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Katharina Fleckenstein
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA ; Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Artak Tovmasyan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kouros Owzar
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA ; Biostatistics and Computational Biology Core, RadCCORE, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA
| | - Chen Jiang
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Core, RadCCORE, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA
| | - Ines Batinic-Haberle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Zeljko Vujaskovic
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA ; Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland, 655W Baltimore Street, Bressler Research Building, 8-025, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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705
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Fuentes-Antrás J, Ioan AM, Tuñón J, Egido J, Lorenzo Ó. Activation of toll-like receptors and inflammasome complexes in the diabetic cardiomyopathy-associated inflammation. Int J Endocrinol 2014; 2014:847827. [PMID: 24744784 PMCID: PMC3972909 DOI: 10.1155/2014/847827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is defined as a ventricular dysfunction initiated by alterations in cardiac energy substrates in the absence of coronary artery disease and hypertension. Hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance are major inducers of the chronic low-grade inflammatory state that characterizes the diabetic heart. Cardiac Toll-like receptors and inflammasome complexes may be key inducers for inflammation probably through NF-κB activation and ROS overproduction. However, metabolic dysregulated factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and sirtuins may serve as therapeutic targets to control this response by mitigating both Toll-like receptors and inflammasome signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Fuentes-Antrás
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, Avenida Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. M. Ioan
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, Avenida Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Tuñón
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, Avenida Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Egido
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, Avenida Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) Network, Avenida Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ó. Lorenzo
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, Avenida Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) Network, Avenida Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- *Ó. Lorenzo:
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706
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Lee YS, Lee EK, Oh HH, Choi CS, Kim S, Jun HS. Sodium meta-arsenite ameliorates hyperglycemia in obese diabetic db/db mice by inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis. J Diabetes Res 2014; 2014:961732. [PMID: 25610880 PMCID: PMC4290036 DOI: 10.1155/2014/961732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium meta-arsenite (SA) is implicated in the regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis-related genes in vitro; however, the effects in vivo have not been studied. We investigated whether SA has antidiabetic effects in a type 2 diabetic mouse model. Diabetic db/db mice were orally intubated with SA (10 mg kg(-1) body weight/day) for 8 weeks. We examined hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), blood glucose levels, food intake, and body weight. We performed glucose, insulin, and pyruvate tolerance tests and analyzed glucose production and the expression of gluconeogenesis-related genes in hepatocytes. We analyzed energy metabolism using a comprehensive animal metabolic monitoring system. SA-treated diabetic db/db mice had reduced concentrations of HbA1c and blood glucose levels. Exogenous glucose was quickly cleared in glucose tolerance tests. The mRNA expressions of genes for gluconeogenesis-related enzymes, glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) were significantly reduced in the liver of SA-treated diabetic db/db mice. In primary hepatocytes, SA treatment decreased glucose production and the expression of G6Pase, PEPCK, and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF-4α) mRNA. Small heterodimer partner (SHP) mRNA expression was increased in hepatocytes dependent upon the SA concentration. The expression of Sirt1 mRNA and protein was reduced, and acetylated forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) was induced by SA treatment in hepatocytes. In addition, SA-treated diabetic db/db mice showed reduced energy expenditure. Oral intubation of SA ameliorates hyperglycemia in db/db mice by reducing hepatic gluconeogenesis through the decrease of Sirt1 expression and increase in acetylated FoxO1.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylation
- Animals
- Arsenites/pharmacology
- Biomarkers/blood
- Blood Glucose/drug effects
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Body Weight/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Eating/drug effects
- Energy Metabolism/drug effects
- Forkhead Box Protein O1
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Gluconeogenesis/drug effects
- Glucose-6-Phosphatase/genetics
- Glucose-6-Phosphatase/metabolism
- Glycated Hemoglobin/metabolism
- Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4/genetics
- Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4/metabolism
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Obesity/complications
- Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (ATP)/genetics
- Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (ATP)/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Sirtuin 1/genetics
- Sirtuin 1/metabolism
- Sodium Compounds/pharmacology
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Sun Lee
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, 7-45 Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyu Lee
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, 7-45 Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Hee Oh
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, 7-45 Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Soo Choi
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, 7-45 Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
- Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Namdong-gu, Guwol-dong 1198, Incheon 405-760, Republic of Korea
- Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Hospital, Incheon 405-760, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujong Kim
- Komipharm International Co. Ltd., 3188 Seongnam-dong, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 462-827, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sook Jun
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, 7-45 Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
- Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Hospital, Incheon 405-760, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, 7-45 Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
- *Hee-Sook Jun:
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