701
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Yuan L, Wang R, Macartney DH. Chiroptic behaviour of a chiral guest in an achiral cucurbit[7]uril host. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2007.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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702
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Hwang I, Jeon WS, Kim HJ, Kim D, Kim H, Selvapalam N, Fujita N, Shinkai S, Kim K. Cucurbit[7]uril: A simple macrocyclic, pH-triggered hydrogelator exhibiting guest-induced stimuli-responsive behavior. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:210-3. [PMID: 17094150 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200603149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilha Hwang
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart, Supramolecules, Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31 Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
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703
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Abstract
An astonishing assortment of structures have been described as "insulated molecular wires" (IMWs), thus illustrating the diversity of approaches to molecular-scale insulation. These systems demonstrate the scope of encapsulation in the molecular engineering of optoelectronic materials and organic semiconductors. This Review surveys the synthesis and structural characterization of IMWs, and highlights emerging structure-property relationships to determine how insulation can enhance the behavior of a molecular wire. We focus mainly on three IMW architectures: polyrotaxanes, polymer-wrapped pi systems, and dendronized polymers, and compare the properties of these systems with those of conjugated polymers threaded through mesoporous frameworks and zeolites. Encapsulation of molecular wires can enhance properties as diverse as luminescence, electrical transport, and chemical stability, which points to applications in electroluminescent displays, sensors, and the photochemical generation of hydrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Frampton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, UK
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704
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705
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Huo FJ, Yin CX, Yang P. The crystal structure, self-assembly, DNA-binding and cleavage studies of the [2]pseudorotaxane composed of cucurbit[6]uril. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:932-6. [PMID: 17161945 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2006] [Revised: 11/14/2006] [Accepted: 11/16/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The [2]pseudorotaxanes of cucurbit[6]uril with guest molecule 1,6-bis(imidazol-1-yl)hexane (BIMH) were synthesized and characterized by ESI-MS spectrometry, (1)H NMR spectra, and X-ray diffraction crystallography. The influence of different anions on self-assembly in solid-state was discussed by X-ray diffraction crystallography. However, more interestingly, and to our amazement, we discovered the CB[6]/BIMH [2]pseudorotaxane exhibiting efficient cleavage of pBR322 DNA in physiological environment. The cleavage mechanism were studied by fluorescence spectra and the hydrolysis of bis(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-phosphate (BDNPP). From DNA-binding mode being electrostatic force and the first-order kinetics equation, we prove indirectly that the mechanism may be hydrolytic cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Jun Huo
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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706
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Cong H, Zhu QJ, Hou HB, Xue SF, Tao Z. Interaction Between Cucurbit[8]uril and HCl Salts of 3,4,7,8-Tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline. Supramol Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10610270600837181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Cong
- a Institute of Applied Chemistry, Guizhou University , Guiyang, China
| | - Qian-Jiang Zhu
- a Institute of Applied Chemistry, Guizhou University , Guiyang, China
| | - Hong-Bo Hou
- a Institute of Applied Chemistry, Guizhou University , Guiyang, China
| | - Sai-Feng Xue
- a Institute of Applied Chemistry, Guizhou University , Guiyang, China
| | - Zhu Tao
- a Institute of Applied Chemistry, Guizhou University , Guiyang, China
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707
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Hu SL, She NF, Yin GD, Guo HZ, Wu AX, Yang CL. Synthesis, structural characterization, and fluorescent chemosensory properties of novel molecular clips based on diethoxycarbonyl glycoluril. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.12.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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708
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Mohanty J, Pal H, Ray AK, Kumar S, Nau WM. Supramolecular Dye Laser with Cucurbit[7]uril in Water. Chemphyschem 2007; 8:54-6. [PMID: 17171726 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200600625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jyotirmayee Mohanty
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.
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709
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Bardelang D, Udachin KA, Leek DM, Ripmeester JA. Highly symmetric columnar channels in metal-free cucurbit[n]uril hydrate crystals (n = 6, 8). CrystEngComm 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/b711285h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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710
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Wheate NJ, Taleb RI, Krause-Heuer AM, Cook RL, Wang S, Higgins VJ, Aldrich-Wright JR. Novel platinum(ii)-based anticancer complexes and molecular hosts as their drug delivery vehicles. Dalton Trans 2007:5055-64. [DOI: 10.1039/b704973k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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711
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Hwang I, Jeon W, Kim HJ, Kim D, Kim H, Selvapalam N, Fujita N, Shinkai S, Kim K. Cucurbit[7]uril: A Simple Macrocyclic, pH-Triggered Hydrogelator Exhibiting Guest-Induced Stimuli-Responsive Behavior. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200603149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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712
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Abstract
The macrocyclic host cucurbit[7]uril exhibits highly specific inhibitory effects on the activity of proteases, which can be analyzed by a host-substrate complexation model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hennig
- School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, D-28759, Bremen, Germany
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713
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Ko YH, Kim E, Hwang I, Kim K. Supramolecular assemblies built with host-stabilized charge-transfer interactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:1305-15. [PMID: 17377666 DOI: 10.1039/b615103e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Host-stabilized charge-transfer (CT) interactions and supramolecular assemblies built with these interactions are described. A variety of supramolecular assemblies including polyrotaxanes, molecular necklaces, and rotaxane dendrimers were synthesized through the intramolecular or intermolecular host-stabilized CT complex formation using cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) and D-A molecules having both electron-donor and electron-acceptor units connected by various types of linkers. Applications, including the design and synthesis of redox-driven molecular machines such as molecular loop locks, development of redox-controllable vesicles and detection of biologically important molecules, are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ho Ko
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Supramolecules and Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31 Hyojadong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
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714
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Sindelar V, Parker SE, Kaifer AE. Inclusion of anthraquinone derivatives by the cucurbit[7]uril host. NEW J CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/b615803j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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715
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Kim K, Selvapalam N, Ko YH, Park KM, Kim D, Kim J. Functionalized cucurbiturils and their applications. Chem Soc Rev 2007; 36:267-79. [PMID: 17264929 DOI: 10.1039/b603088m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 743] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cucurbit[n]uril (CB[n], n = 5-10), a new family of molecular hosts comprising n glycoluril units, have gained much attention in the new millennium for their exceptional molecular recognition ability. The CB homologues have brought dynamism to CB chemistry, as witnessed by the heightened interest in the field for the last several years. Compared to the chemistry of cyclodextrins and calixarenes, however, that of CB[n] has developed slowly until recently, which may be attributed mainly to their poor solubility in common solvents, and inability to functionalize these molecules. The direct functionalization method of CB[n] propelled CB chemistry to a new height as this new method not only solved the solubility problem but also opened up the gateway to the generation of tailor-made CB[n] derivatives. The functionalization of CB[n] led us to investigate numerous applications including artificial ion channels, vesicles, stationary phases in chromatography, ISEs, polymers, nanomaterials, and many others. This tutorial review describes the recent advances and challenges in the functionalization of CBs along with the applications of functionalized CBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimoon Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Supramolecules, Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea.
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716
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Sobransingh D, Kaifer AE. New dendrimers containing a single cobaltocenium unit covalently attached to the apical position of Newkome dendrons: electrochemistry and guest binding interactions with cucurbit[7]uril. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2006; 22:10540-4. [PMID: 17129028 DOI: 10.1021/la061188o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Two new dendrimer series were prepared and characterized. These dendrimers contain a single bis(cyclopentadienyl)cobalt(III) (cobaltocenium, Cob+) unit covalently attached to the apical (focal) position of Newkome-type dendrons, ranging in size from first to third generation. The dendrimers in the first series (1ECob+-3ECob+) are hydrophobic and have 3, 9, and 27 tert-butyl esters on their peripheries, whereas the dendrimers in the second series (1Cob+-3Cob+) are hydrophilic with 3, 9, and 27 carboxylic acid groups on their surfaces, respectively. In voltammetric experiments, all dendrimers showed the expected one-electron reversible reduction of the cobaltocenium center, and the heterogeneous rate of electron transfer decreased with generation in both dendrimer series. The host-guest binding interactions between water-soluble dendrimers 1Cob+-3Cob+ and the cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) host were investigated using 1H NMR spectroscopy, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and electrochemical techniques. The association equilibrium constants (K) for all dendrimer guests were significantly lower than that measured for the inclusion complex between underivatized Cob+ and CB7 (K = 5.7 x 10(9) M(-1)). Nonetheless, among the three dendrimers surveyed, the second-generation dendrimer, 2Cob+, afforded optimum stabilization for the CB7 inclusion complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sobransingh
- Center for Supramolecular Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124-0431, USA
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717
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718
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Jiang G, Li G. Preparation and biological activity of novel cucurbit[8]uril–fullerene complex. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2006; 85:223-7. [PMID: 16973371 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2006.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2006] [Revised: 07/03/2006] [Accepted: 08/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a novel cucurbit[8]uril(CB(8))-fullerene[60] supramolecular complex using a simple and efficient pathway is reported for the first time. In the complex, which was found to be of the 1:2 type, the compounds interact weekly with each other. The complex was characterized by UV/Vis, FTIR, elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM analysis shows that the average particle diameter is about 19 nm. The in vitro antitumour activity of the complex has been tested and the result shows that the complex exhibits better antitumour activity against HeLa cells. The antitumour mechanism of the complex was investigated for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guichang Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, TsingHua University, Beijing 100084, China
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719
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Use of the macrocyclic ligand cucurbit[6]uril for isolation of tetranuclear lanthanide aquahydroxo-carboxylate complexes from aqueous solutions. Russ Chem Bull 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-006-0537-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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720
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Supramolecular compounds of chloroaquacomplexes [Mo3Q4(H2O)9−x Clx](4−x )+ (Q = S, Se; x = 2, 3, 5) with cucurbit[n]urils. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10947-006-0411-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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721
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Buschmann HJ, Mutihac L, Schollmeyer E. 11-Aminoundecanoic acid, Cyclodextrins (α, β) and Cucurbit[n]urils (n = 6, 7) as Building Blocks for Supramolecular Assemblies: A Thermodynamic Study. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-006-9116-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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722
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Rankin
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Prince Edward Island , Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada , C1A 4P3
| | - Brian D. Wagner
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Prince Edward Island , Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada , C1A 4P3
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723
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Hettiarachchi DSN, Macartney DH. Cucurbit[7]uril host-guest complexes with cationic bis(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl) guests in aqueous solution. CAN J CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1139/v06-099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The host–guest interactions between cucurbit[7]uril and a series of novel cationic bis(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)arene and 1-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)- and 1,3-bis(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-adamantane guests have been investigated in aqueous solution using UV–vis and NMR spectroscopy, and electrospray mass spectrometry. With the exception of the 1,3-bis(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)adamantane (which binds externally to the CB[7]), these guests form very stable inclusion complexes with slow exchange on the 1H NMR timescale. The direction and magnitude of the complexation-induced shifts (CIS) in the proton resonances of the guests are indicative of the residence of the hydrophobic core of the guest within the CB[7] cavity and the charged 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl units outside the cavity adjacent to the carbonyl-lined portals of the host. The CIS values and the inclusion stability constants have been correlated with the nature of the guest core and with the distance between the charges on the terminal 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl rings.Key words: cucurbit[7]uril, host–guest complex, dihydroimidazolyl, inclusion stability constants.
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724
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Konishi H, Tanaka K, Teshima Y, Mita T, Morikawa O, Kobayashi K. Kinetically and thermodynamically controlled synthesis of tetraoxa[14]metacyclophanes and hexaoxa[16]metacyclophanes. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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725
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HUO FANGJUN, YIN CAIXIA, YANG PIN. Self-assembly of a [2]Pseudorotaxane Composed of Cucurbit[6]uril into Linear Pseudopolyrotaxanes by N–H···O, C–H···O and π···π Interactions. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-006-9082-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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726
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Wang R, Yuan L, Macartney DH. Stabilization of the (E)-1-Ferrocenyl-2-(1-methyl-4-pyridinium)ethylene Cation by Inclusion in Cucurbit[7]uril. Organometallics 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/om051054q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruibing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Lina Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Donal H. Macartney
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
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727
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Abstract
Melamine diamine 1 is able to displace CB[5] from the CB[10].CB[5] complex resulting in CB[10].12 and precipitated CB[5].1. We were able to isolate free CB[10] by treatment of CB[10].1 with acetic anhydride followed by washing with MeOH, DMSO, and water. The spacious cavity of CB[10] is able to complex large guests, including a cationic calix[4]arene derivative in its 1,3-alternate form (CB[10].1,3-alt-3). The addition of adamantane carboxylic acid (4) to CB[10].3 triggers a conformational change during the formation of termolecular complex CB[10].cone-3.4.
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728
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729
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730
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Wang R, Yuan L, Macartney DH. Inhibition of C(2)-H/D exchange of a bis(imidazolium) dication upon complexation with cucubit[7]uril. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:2908-10. [PMID: 17007413 DOI: 10.1039/b605919h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Inclusion of the alpha,alpha'-bis(3-(1-methylimidazolium))-p-xylene dication in cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7], K(CB[7]) = (4.3 x 10(9) M(-1)), with C-H...O=C hydrogen bonding between the guest C(2)-protons and the carbonyl oxygens of the host portals, inhibits the H/D exchange for the C(2)-proton with k(OD) (25 degrees C, D2O) decreasing from 1.2 x 10(3) M(-1) s(-1) (pKa = 22.3) in the absence of CB[7] to 0.9 M(-1) s(-1) (pKa = 25.4) in the presence of 1.1 equiv. CB[7].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada K7L 3N6
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731
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Bali MS, Buck DP, Coe AJ, Day AI, Collins JG. Cucurbituril binding of trans-[{PtCl(NH3)2}2(µ-NH2(CH2)8NH2)]2+and the effect on the reaction with cysteine. Dalton Trans 2006:5337-44. [PMID: 17102858 DOI: 10.1039/b609881a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of encapsulation by cucurbiturils Q[7] and Q[8] on the rate of reaction of the anti-cancer dinuclear platinum complex trans-[{PtCl(NH3)2}2(micro-NH2(CH2)8NH2)]2+ with the model biological nucleophiles glutathione and cysteine has been examined by NMR spectroscopy. It was expected that the octamethylene linking chain would fold inside the cucurbituril host and hence position the reactive platinum centres close to the cucurbituril portals, and thereby, confer resistance to degradation by biological nucleophiles. The upfield shifts of the resonances from the methylene protons in the linking ligand observed in 1H NMR spectra of the platinum complex upon addition of either Q[7] or Q[8] indicate that the cucurbituril is positioned over the linking ligand, with the Pt(II) centres projecting out of the portal. Furthermore, the relative changes in chemical shift of the methylene resonances suggest that the octamethylene linking chain folds within the cucurbituril cavity, particularly in Q[8]. Simple molecular models, based on the observed relative changes in chemical shift, could be constructed that were consistent with the proposed folding of the linking ligand within the cucurbituril cavity. Encapsulation by Q[7] was found to reduce the rate of reaction of the platinum complex with glutathione. Encapsulation by Q[7] and Q[8] was also found to reduce the rate of reaction of the platinum complex with cysteine, with Q[8] slowing the reaction to a greater extent than Q[7], consistent with the inferred encapsulation geometries. Encapsulation of dinuclear platinum complexes within the cucurbituril cavity may provide a novel way of reducing the reactivity and degradation of these promising chemotherapeutic agents with blood plasma proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Bali
- School of Physical, Environmental and Mathematical Sciences, University College, University of New South Wales, Australian Defence Force Academy, Northcott Drive, Campbell, ACT 2600, Australia
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732
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Synthesis and guest exchange reactions of inclusion compounds of cucurbit[8]uril with nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes. Russ Chem Bull 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-006-0211-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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733
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Wheate NJ, Buck DP, Day AI, Collins JG. Cucurbit[n]uril binding of platinum anticancer complexes. Dalton Trans 2005:451-8. [PMID: 16395444 DOI: 10.1039/b513197a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The encapsulation of cisplatin by cucurbit[7]uril (Q[7]) and multinuclear platinum complexes linked via a 4,4'-dipyrazolylmethane (dpzm) ligand by Q[7] and cucurbit[8]uril (Q[8]) has been studied by NMR spectroscopy and molecular modelling. The NMR studies suggest that some cisplatin binds in the cucurbituril cavity, while cis-[PtCl(NH3)2(H2O)]+ only binds at the portals. Alternatively, the dpzm-linked multinuclear platinum complexes are quantitatively encapsulated within the cavities of both Q[7] and Q[8]. Upon encapsulation, the non-exchangeable proton resonances of the multinuclear platinum complexes show significant upfield shifts in 1H NMR spectra. The H3/H3* resonances shift upfield by 0.08 to 0.55 ppm, the H5/H5* shift by 0.9 to 1.6 ppm, while the methylene resonances shift by 0.74 to 0.88 ppm. The size of the resonance shift is dependent on the cavity size of the encapsulating cucurbituril, with Q[7] encapsulation producing larger shifts than Q[8]. The upfield shifts of the dpzm resonances observed upon cucurbituril encapsulation indicate that the Q[7] or Q[8] is positioned directly over the dpzm linking ligand. The terminal platinum groups of trans-[{PtCl(NH3)2}2 mu-dpzm]2+ (di-Pt) and trans-[trans-{PtCl(NH3)2}2-trans-{Pt(dpzm)2(NH3)2}]4+ (tri-Pt) provide a barrier to the on and off movement of cucurbituril, resulting in binding kinetics that are slow on the NMR timescale for the metal complex. Although the dpzm ligand has relatively few rotamers, encapsulation by the larger Q[8] resulted in a more compact di-Pt conformation with each platinum centre retracted further into each Q[8] portal. Encapsulation of the hydrolysed forms of di-Pt and tri-Pt is considerably slower than for the corresponding Cl forms, presumably due to the high-energy cost of passing the +2 platinum centres through the cucurbituril portals. The results of this study suggest that cucurbiturils could be suitable hosts for the pharmacological delivery of multinuclear platinum complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nial J Wheate
- School of Physical, Environmental and Mathematical Sciences, University College, University of New South Wales, Australian Defence Force Academy, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
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734
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Sindelar V, Cejas MA, Raymo FM, Chen W, Parker SE, Kaifer AE. Supramolecular Assembly of 2,7-Dimethyldiazapyrenium and Cucurbit[8]uril: A New Fluorescent Host for Detection of Catechol and Dopamine. Chemistry 2005; 11:7054-9. [PMID: 16175642 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The formation of a highly stable inclusion complex between 2,7-dimethyldiazapyrenium (Me(2)DAP(2+)) and the cucurbit[8]uril host (CB8) was demonstrated by X-ray crystallography; MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry; and (1)H NMR, electronic absorption, and emission spectroscopy. The equilibrium association constant was determined to be 8.9(+/-0.2)x10(5) L mol(-1) from UV-visible data and 8.4(+/-1.5) x 10(5) L mol(-1) from fluorescence data. The Me(2)DAP(2+).CB8 inclusion complex acted as a host to bind compounds containing aromatic pi-donor moieties (D), such as catechol and dopamine. This point was demonstrated by (1)H NMR spectroscopy, and electrochemical and emission measurements. Fluorescence detection of the Me(2)DAP(2+).D.CB8 ternary complexes was evident in aqueous solution and on the surface of silica particles, to which fluorescent diazapyrenium units had been covalently immobilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Sindelar
- Center for Supramolecular Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124-0431, USA
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735
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Complex Formation of Crown Ethers with the Cucurbit[6]uril–Spermidine and Cucurbit[6]uril–Spermine Complex in Aqueous Solution. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-005-1253-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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736
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Wei F, Liu SM, Xu L, Cheng GZ, Wu CT, Feng YQ. The formation of cucurbit[n]uril (n = 6, 7) complexes with amino compounds in aqueous formic acid studied by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2005; 26:2214-24. [PMID: 15880553 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200410260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
For analytes involved in dynamic equilibrium processes, capillary electrophoresis is a powerful method of determining binding constants. In this work, the complex formation between cucurbit[n]uril (CB[n] n = 6, 7) and some amino compounds was studied by capillary electrophoresis in aqueous formic acid (65% v/v). Four groups of positional and structural isomers (o, m, p-methylanilines; m, p-nitroanilines; benzidine and o-tolidine; alpha, beta-naphthylamines and 1,5-diaminonaphthalene) were selected as model compounds for study of their host-guest inclusion complexation. The interactions between CB[n] (n = 6, 7) and the model compounds were also investigated using a molecular modeling method. The results indicate that the interactions of the compounds with CB[n] (n = 6, 7) are strongly affected by the position of the substituent(s) on the aromatic ring and the ion-dipole interaction between guest molecule and CB. Furthermore, the type and the concentration of CBs on the separation and migration behavior of the amino compounds were also studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
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737
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Jeon WS, Moon K, Park SH, Chun H, Ko YH, Lee JY, Lee ES, Samal S, Selvapalam N, Rekharsky MV, Sindelar V, Sobransingh D, Inoue Y, Kaifer AE, Kim K. Complexation of Ferrocene Derivatives by the Cucurbit[7]uril Host: A Comparative Study of the Cucurbituril and Cyclodextrin Host Families. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:12984-9. [PMID: 16159293 DOI: 10.1021/ja052912c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The formation of inclusion complexes between cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) and ferrocene and its derivatives has been investigated. The X-ray crystal structure of the 1:1 inclusion complex between ferrocene and CB[7] revealed that the guest molecule resides in the host cavity with two different orientations. Inclusion of a set of five water-soluble ferrocene derivatives in CB[7] was investigated by 1H NMR spectroscopy and calorimetric and voltammetric techniques. Our data indicate that all neutral and cationic guests form highly stable inclusion complexes with CB[7], with binding constants in the 10(9)-10(10) M(-)(1) and 10(12)-10(13) M(-1) ranges, respectively. However, the anionic ferrocenecarboxylate, the only negatively charged guest among those surveyed, was not bound by CB[7] at all. These results are in sharp contrast to the known binding behavior of the same guests to beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD), since all the guests form stable inclusion complexes with beta-CD, with binding constants in the range 10(3)-10(4) M(-1). The electrostatic surface potentials of CB[6], CB[7], and CB[8] and their size-equivalent CDs were calculated and compared. The CD portals and cavities exhibit low surface potential values, whereas the regions around the carbonyl oxygens in CBs are significantly negative, which explains the strong affinity of CBs for positively charged guests and also provides a rationalization for the rejection of anionic guests. Taken together, our data suggest that cucurbiturils may form very stable complexes. However, the host-guest interactions are very sensitive to some structural features, such as a negatively charged carboxylate group attached to the ferrocene residue, which may completely disrupt the stability of the complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Sung Jeon
- Center for Supramolecular Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124-0431, USA
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738
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739
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Abstract
In 1981, the macrocyclic methylene-bridged glycoluril hexamer (CB[6]) was dubbed "cucurbituril" by Mock and co-workers because of its resemblance to the most prominent member of the cucurbitaceae family of plants--the pumpkin. In the intervening years, the fundamental binding properties of CB[6]-high affinity, highly selective, and constrictive binding interactions--have been delineated by the pioneering work of the research groups of Mock, Kim, and Buschmann, and has led to their applications in waste-water remediation, as artificial enzymes, and as molecular switches. More recently, the cucurbit[n]uril family has grown to include homologues (CB[5]-CB[10]), derivatives, congeners, and analogues whose sizes span and exceed the range available with the alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrins. Their shapes, solubility, and chemical functionality may now be tailored by synthetic chemistry to play a central role in molecular recognition, self-assembly, and nanotechnology. This Review focuses on the synthesis, recognition properties, and applications of these unique macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Lagona
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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740
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Synthesis and crystal structure of a supramolecular adduct of trinuclear molybdenum oxocluster with macrocyclic cavitand cucurbit[5]uril containing the included ionic associate Na+...Cl...Na+. Russ Chem Bull 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-006-0003-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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741
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Zhang F, Yajima T, Li YZ, Xu GZ, Chen HL, Liu QT, Yamauchi O. Iodine-Assisted Assembly of Helical Coordination Polymers of Cucurbituril and Asymmetric Copper(II) Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:3402-7. [PMID: 15844115 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200463071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, P.R. China
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742
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Zhang F, Yajima T, Li YZ, Xu GZ, Chen HL, Liu QT, Yamauchi O. Iodine-Assisted Assembly of Helical Coordination Polymers of Cucurbituril and Asymmetric Copper(II) Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200463071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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743
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Jeon YJ, Kim SY, Ko YH, Sakamoto S, Yamaguchi K, Kim K. Novel molecular drug carrier: encapsulation of oxaliplatin in cucurbit[7]uril and its effects on stability and reactivity of the drug. Org Biomol Chem 2005; 3:2122-5. [PMID: 15917899 DOI: 10.1039/b504487a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin forms a stable 1:1 inclusion complex with cucurbit[7]uril as indicated by NMR, mass spectrometry, isothermal titration calorimetry and X-ray crystallography. The encapsulation of the drug results in a large enhancement in stability, a moderate decrease in reactivity toward guanosine but a much larger decrease in reactivity toward L-methionine, which suggests the encapsulation not only increases the stability of the drug but also may reduce unwanted side effects caused by protein binding of the platinum drug. A preliminary in vitro assay using various tumor cell lines reveals that the encapsulation results in a decrease in the antitumor activity of oxaliplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jin Jeon
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Supramolecules, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology San 31 Hyojadong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
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744
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg S Kottas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, USA
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745
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Stabilization of tautomeric forms P(OH)3 and HP(OH)2 and their derivatives by coordination to palladium and nickel atoms in heterometallic clusters with the Mo3MQ4 4+ core (M = Ni, Pd; Q = S, Se). Russ Chem Bull 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-005-0296-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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746
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Pattabiraman M, Natarajan A, Kaanumalle LS, Ramamurthy V. Templating Photodimerization of trans-Cinnamic Acids with Cucurbit[8]uril and γ-Cyclodextrin. Org Lett 2005; 7:529-32. [PMID: 15704886 DOI: 10.1021/ol047866k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cucurbit[8]uril and gamma-cyclodextrin are able to align two olefin molecules in a head-head fashion within their large cavities. Excitation of such templated olefins results in syn head-head cyclobutanes in nearly quantitative yields. The methodology revealed here works with trans-cinnamic acids that do not dimerize either in solution or in the solid state and with the ones that yield only anti head-tail dimer in the solid state. [reaction: see text]
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747
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Wang R, Yuan L, Macartney DH. A green to blue fluorescence switch of protonated 2-aminoanthracene upon inclusion in cucurbit[7]uril. Chem Commun (Camb) 2005:5867-9. [PMID: 16317457 DOI: 10.1039/b513246k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The inclusion of protonated 2-aminoanthracene in the cavity of cucurbit[7]uril increases its pKa values in the ground and excited states, resulting in the disappearance of the green emission of the neutral excited state and the significant enhancement of the blue emissions from the protonated excited state guest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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748
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749
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Chloroaqua Complexes [M3S4(H2O)9−x Clx](4−x)+ (M = Mo, W; x = 4, 6, 7) and Their Supramolecular Compounds with Cucur[8]uril. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/s10947-005-0093-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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750
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Mitkina TV, Naumov DY, Gerasko OA, Dolgushin FM, Vicent C, Llusar R, Sokolov MN, Fedin VP. Inclusion of nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes with aliphatic polyamines in cucurbit[8]uril. Russ Chem Bull 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-005-0148-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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