801
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Kaushal SS, Groffman PM, Likens GE, Belt KT, Stack WP, Kelly VR, Band LE, Fisher GT. Increased salinization of fresh water in the northeastern United States. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:13517-20. [PMID: 16157871 PMCID: PMC1224654 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0506414102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloride concentrations are increasing at a rate that threatens the availability of fresh water in the northeastern United States. Increases in roadways and deicer use are now salinizing fresh waters, degrading habitat for aquatic organisms, and impacting large supplies of drinking water for humans throughout the region. We observed chloride concentrations of up to 25% of the concentration of seawater in streams of Maryland, New York, and New Hampshire during winters, and chloride concentrations remaining up to 100 times greater than unimpacted forest streams during summers. Mean annual chloride concentration increased as a function of impervious surface and exceeded tolerance for freshwater life in suburban and urban watersheds. Our analysis shows that if salinity were to continue to increase at its present rate due to changes in impervious surface coverage and current management practices, many surface waters in the northeastern United States would not be potable for human consumption and would become toxic to freshwater life within the next century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujay S Kaushal
- Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Box AB Route 44A, Millbrook, NY 12545, USA
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802
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Booth DB. Challenges and prospects for restoring urban streams: a perspective from the Pacific Northwest of North America. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1899/04-025.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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803
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Morgan RP, Cushman SF. Urbanization effects on stream fish assemblages in Maryland, USA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1899/04-019.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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804
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Meyer JL, Paul MJ, Taulbee WK. Stream ecosystem function in urbanizing landscapes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1899/04-021.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 441] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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805
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Harbott EL, Grace MR. Extracellular enzyme response to bioavailability of dissolved organic C in streams of varying catchment urbanization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1899/04-023.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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806
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Walsh CJ, Roy AH, Feminella JW, Cottingham PD, Groffman PM, Morgan RP. The urban stream syndrome: current knowledge and the search for a cure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1899/04-028.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1688] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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807
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Walsh CJ, Fletcher TD, Ladson AR. Stream restoration in urban catchments through redesigning stormwater systems: looking to the catchment to save the stream. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1899/04-020.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 415] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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808
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Roy AH, Freeman MC, Freeman BJ, Wenger SJ, Ensign WE, Meyer JL. Investigating hydrologic alteration as a mechanism of fish assemblage shifts in urbanizing streams. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1899/04-022.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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809
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810
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Grimm NB, Sheibley RW, Crenshaw CL, Dahm CN, Roach WJ, Zeglin LH. N retention and transformation in urban streams. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1899/04-027.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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811
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Groffman PM, Dorsey AM, Mayer PM. N processing within geomorphic structures in urban streams. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1899/04-026.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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812
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Rauter A, Weigelhofer G, Waringer J, Battin TJ. Transport and metabolic fate of sewage particles in a recipient stream. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2005; 34:1591-9. [PMID: 16091612 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2004.0293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Although the implementation of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) has dramatically increased the quality of surface waters in urbanized areas, WWTPs can still discharge noticeable amounts of solutes and particles to recipient streams. Although the fate of WWTP nutrients has received considerable attention, transport and in-stream transformation of sewage-derived particulate organic matter (SDPOM) have not. To investigate the transport and transformation of SDPOM in recipient streams, we experimentally injected fluorescently labeled SDPOM into a headwater stream and tracked its downstream fate at baseflow. Most SDPOM disappeared from the streamwater within a 160-m long reach with an average deposition velocity of 0.14 mm s(-1). We further coupled hydrometric measurements of specific water fluxes through the streambed interface with a mixing model to estimate streambed oxygen removal, and found significantly higher oxygen removal in the deposition (0.75 g O2 m(-2) d(-1)) than in the downstream post-deposition (0.36 g O2 m(-2) d(-1)) subreach. Contrary to our expectations, we did not detect any apparent effect of SDPOM deposition on streambed clogging. Our results show the capacity of a recipient stream to retain SDPOM and to reduce its downstream export, and thus contribute to a better understanding of ecosystem services of human-altered streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rauter
- Dep. of Freshwater Ecology, Vienna Ecology Center, Univ. of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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813
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814
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Ulseth AJ, Hershey AE. Natural abundances of stable isotopes trace anthropogenic N and C in an urban stream. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1899/03-080.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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815
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Inwood SE, Tank JL, Bernot MJ. Patterns of denitrification associated with land use in 9 midwestern headwater streams. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1899/04-032.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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816
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Maloney KO, Mulholland PJ, Feminella JW. Influence of catchment-scale military land use on stream physical and organic matter variables in small southeastern plains catchments (USA). ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2005; 35:677-91. [PMID: 15902443 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-004-4212-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a 3-year study designed to examine the relationship between disturbance from military land use and stream physical and organic matter variables within 12 small (<5.5 km2) Southeastern Plains catchments at the Fort Benning Military Installation, Georgia, USA. Primary land-use categories were based on percentages of bare ground and road cover and nonforested land (grasslands, sparse vegetation, shrublands, fields) in catchments and natural catchments features, including soils (% sandy soils) and catchment size (area). We quantified stream flashiness (determined by slope of recession limbs of storm hydrographs), streambed instability (measured by relative changes in bed height over time), organic matter storage [coarse wood debris (CWD) relative abundance, benthic particulate organic matter (BPOM)] and stream-water dissolved organic carbon concentration (DOC). Stream flashiness was positively correlated with average storm magnitude and percent of the catchment with sandy soil, whereas streambed instability was related to percent of the catchment containing nonforested (disturbed) land. The proportions of in-stream CWD and sediment BPOM, and stream-water DOC were negatively related to the percent of bare ground and road cover in catchments. Collectively, our results suggest that the amount of catchment disturbance causing denuded vegetation and exposed, mobile soil is (1) a key terrestrial influence on stream geomorphology and hydrology and (2) a greater determinant of in-stream organic matter conditions than is natural geomorphic or topographic variation (catchment size, soil type) in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly O Maloney
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, 331 Funchess Hall, Auburn, Alabama 36849-5407, USA.
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817
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JANSSON R, BACKX H, BOULTON AJ, DIXON M, DUDGEON D, HUGHES FMR, NAKAMURA K, STANLEY EH, TOCKNER K. Stating mechanisms and refining criteria for ecologically successful river restoration: a comment on Palmer et al. (2005). J Appl Ecol 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2005.01022.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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818
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819
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Brett MT, Arhonditsis GB, Mueller SE, Hartley DM, Frodge JD, Funke DE. Non-point-source impacts on stream nutrient concentrations along a forest to urban gradient. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2005; 35:330-42. [PMID: 15925975 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-003-0311-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We conducted statistical analyses of a 10-year record of stream nutrient and sediment concentrations for 17 streams in the greater Seattle region to determine the impact of urban non-point-source pollutants on stream water quality. These catchments are dominated by either urban (22-87%) or forest (6-73%) land cover, with no major nutrient point sources. Stream water phosphorus concentrations were moderately strongly (r2=0.58) correlated with catchment land-cover type, whereas nitrogen concentrations were weakly (r2=0.19) and nonsignificantly (at alpha<0.05) correlated with land cover. The most urban streams had, on average, 95% higher total phosphorus (TP) and 122% higher soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and 71% higher turbidity than the most forested streams. Nitrate (NO3), ammonium (NH4), and total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations did not vary significantly with land cover. These results suggest that urbanization markedly increased stream phosphorus concentrations and modestly increased nitrogen concentrations. However, nutrient concentrations in Seattle region urban streams are significantly less than those previously reported for agricultural area streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Brett
- Department of Civil & Environmental EngineeringBox 352700, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
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820
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Schoonover JE, Lockaby BG, Pan S. Changes in chemical and physical propertiesof stream water across an urban-rural gradient in western Georgia. Urban Ecosyst 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-005-1422-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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821
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Detection of biotic responses to urbanization using fish assemblages from small streams of western Georgia, USA. Urban Ecosyst 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-005-1418-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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822
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823
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Allan JD. Landscapes and Riverscapes: The Influence of Land Use on Stream Ecosystems. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2004. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.35.120202.110122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2222] [Impact Index Per Article: 111.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. David Allan
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109;
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824
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Hydro-ecologic responses to land use in small urbanizing watersheds within the Chesapeake Bay watershed. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/153gm05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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825
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826
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Effects of urbanization on nutrient biogeochemistry of aridland streams. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/153gm11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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827
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McLellan SL, Salmore AK. Evidence for localized bacterial loading as the cause of chronic beach closings in a freshwater marina. WATER RESEARCH 2003; 37:2700-2708. [PMID: 12753847 DOI: 10.1016/s0043-1354(03)00068-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a comprehensive regional spatial assessment of bacterial water quality in order to determine the points of entry of fecal pollution into a swimming beach area on Lake Michigan that historically has had numerous water quality advisories for elevated levels of Escherichia coli (E. coli). Intensive, consecutive-day water samples were collected during dry and rainy conditions across multiple shoreline and offshore sites, and E. coli levels were enumerated from these samples. For both dry and rainy days, shoreline sites demonstrated significantly higher E. coli levels than offshore regions. We found that offshore (10-150m from shore) E. coli levels did not exceed 235CFU/100ml in more than 5% of the samples collected for 19 surveys (n=209). In contrast, samples taken at the beach area exceeded 235CFU/100ml in 66% of the samples collected for 43 shoreline surveys (n=675). Locally high E. coli levels coincided with bird presence and stormwater at the swimming beach located within the marina, and were unrelated to E. coli levels in connecting harbor waters. We conclude that beach water quality may be impacted by local, persistent contamination, which may confound routine beach monitoring and prevent the detection of regional pollution from other sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L McLellan
- Great Lakes WATER Institute, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 600 E. Greenfield Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53204, USA.
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828
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank J. Rahel
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071;
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829
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Pickett STA, Cadenasso ML, Grove JM, Nilon CH, Pouyat RV, Zipperer WC, Costanza R. Urban Ecological Systems: Linking Terrestrial Ecological, Physical, and Socioeconomic Components of Metropolitan Areas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.32.081501.114012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 924] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. T. A. Pickett
- Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, New York; e-mail:
- USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, Burlington, Vermont; e-mail:
- Fisheries and Wildlife, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; e-mail:
- USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, Syracuse, New York; e-mail:
- Center for Environmental and Estuarine Studies, University of Maryland, Solomans, Maryland; e-mail:
| | - M. L. Cadenasso
- Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, New York; e-mail:
- USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, Burlington, Vermont; e-mail:
- Fisheries and Wildlife, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; e-mail:
- USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, Syracuse, New York; e-mail:
- Center for Environmental and Estuarine Studies, University of Maryland, Solomans, Maryland; e-mail:
| | - J. M. Grove
- Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, New York; e-mail:
- USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, Burlington, Vermont; e-mail:
- Fisheries and Wildlife, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; e-mail:
- USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, Syracuse, New York; e-mail:
- Center for Environmental and Estuarine Studies, University of Maryland, Solomans, Maryland; e-mail:
| | - C. H. Nilon
- Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, New York; e-mail:
- USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, Burlington, Vermont; e-mail:
- Fisheries and Wildlife, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; e-mail:
- USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, Syracuse, New York; e-mail:
- Center for Environmental and Estuarine Studies, University of Maryland, Solomans, Maryland; e-mail:
| | - R. V. Pouyat
- Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, New York; e-mail:
- USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, Burlington, Vermont; e-mail:
- Fisheries and Wildlife, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; e-mail:
- USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, Syracuse, New York; e-mail:
- Center for Environmental and Estuarine Studies, University of Maryland, Solomans, Maryland; e-mail:
| | - W. C. Zipperer
- Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, New York; e-mail:
- USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, Burlington, Vermont; e-mail:
- Fisheries and Wildlife, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; e-mail:
- USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, Syracuse, New York; e-mail:
- Center for Environmental and Estuarine Studies, University of Maryland, Solomans, Maryland; e-mail:
| | - R. Costanza
- Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, New York; e-mail:
- USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, Burlington, Vermont; e-mail:
- Fisheries and Wildlife, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; e-mail:
- USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, Syracuse, New York; e-mail:
- Center for Environmental and Estuarine Studies, University of Maryland, Solomans, Maryland; e-mail:
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