851
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Graphene oxide-based optical biosensor functionalized with peptides for explosive detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 68:494-499. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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852
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Synthesis of Monodisperse Sequence-Defined Polymers Using Protecting-Group-Free Iterative Strategies. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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853
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Roy RK, Meszynska A, Laure C, Charles L, Verchin C, Lutz JF. Design and synthesis of digitally encoded polymers that can be decoded and erased. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7237. [PMID: 26006165 PMCID: PMC4455100 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Biopolymers such as DNA store information in their chains using controlled sequences of monomers. Here we describe a non-natural information-containing macromolecule that can store and retrieve digital information. Monodisperse sequence-encoded poly(alkoxyamine amide)s were synthesized using an iterative strategy employing two chemoselective steps: the reaction of a primary amine with an acid anhydride and the radical coupling of a carbon-centred radical with a nitroxide. A binary code was implemented in the polymer chains using three monomers: one nitroxide spacer and two interchangeable anhydrides defined as 0-bit and 1-bit. This methodology allows encryption of any desired sequence in the chains. Moreover, the formed sequences are easy to decode using tandem mass spectrometry. Indeed, these polymers follow predictable fragmentation pathways that can be easily deciphered. Moreover, poly(alkoxyamine amide)s are thermolabile. Thus, the digital information encrypted in the chains can be erased by heating the polymers in the solid state or in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar Roy
- Precision Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut Charles Sadron, UPR22-CNRS, BP84047, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Anna Meszynska
- Precision Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut Charles Sadron, UPR22-CNRS, BP84047, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Chloé Laure
- Precision Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut Charles Sadron, UPR22-CNRS, BP84047, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Laurence Charles
- Aix-Marseille Université – CNRS, UMR 7273, Institute of Radical Chemistry, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Claire Verchin
- Precision Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut Charles Sadron, UPR22-CNRS, BP84047, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Jean-François Lutz
- Precision Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut Charles Sadron, UPR22-CNRS, BP84047, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
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854
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Zydziak N, Feist F, Huber B, Mueller JO, Barner-Kowollik C. Photo-induced sequence defined macromolecules via hetero bifunctional synthons. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:1799-802. [PMID: 25500626 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc08756a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We report the first photochemical protocol for the generation of sequence defined macromolecules employing two hetero bifunctional photoreactive synthons, exploiting the orthogonal nature of photochemical - via the use of caged dienes - and thermally driven ligation protocols. We demonstrate that the iterative alternating synthon addition to an initial bifunctional core under irradiation at ambient temperature enables the generation of a macromolecule with up to 10 units (M = 3231.58 g mol(-1), Đ = 1.00). The resulting macromolecules are monodisperse and feature absolute chain end fidelity. The unit-by-unit construction of the macromolecule is evidenced by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry and Size Exclusion Chromatography. The fundamental principle demonstrated herein paves the way for employing photochemical strategies for the design of sequence defined polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Zydziak
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory, Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
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855
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Praveen VK, Yamamoto Y, Fukushima T, Tsunobuchi Y, Nakabayashi K, Ohkoshi SI, Kato K, Takata M, Aida T. Translation of the assembling trajectory by preorganisation: a study of the magnetic properties of 1D polymeric unpaired electrons immobilised on a discrete nanoscopic scaffold. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:1206-9. [PMID: 25494443 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc08942a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A nitronyl nitroxide (NN)-appended hexabenzocoronene (HBC(NN)), when allowed to coassemble with bis(hexafluoroacetylacetonato)cobalt(II), forms a coaxial nanotubular architecture featuring NN-Co(II) coordinated copolymer chains immobilised on the outer and inner nanotube surfaces. Upon lowering the temperature, this nanotube has enhanced magnetic susceptibility below 10 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vakayil K Praveen
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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856
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Liu H, Jiang X, Bian R, Tong M, Tang D, Zhou X, Zhao Y. Facile synthesis of A2mB2n-type starlike copolymers with two types of V-shaped arms by combination of RAFT, ATRP and ROP processes. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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857
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A novel multicomponent reaction and its application in sequence-ordered functional polymer synthesis. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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858
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Li J, He J. Synthesis of Sequence-Regulated Polymers: Alternating Polyacetylene through Regioselective Anionic Polymerization of Butadiene Derivatives. ACS Macro Lett 2015; 4:372-376. [PMID: 35596324 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We hereby report a strategy to synthesize sequence-regulated substituted polyacetylenes using living anionic polymerization of designed monomers, that is, 2,4-disubstituted butadienes. It is found that proper substituents, such as 2-isopropyl-4-phenyl, lead to nearly 100% 1,4-addition during the polymerization, thus, giving product with high regioregularity, precise molecular weight, and narrow molecular weight distribution. The product is convertible into sequence-regulated substituted polyacetylene by oxidative dehydrogenation using 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ). Block copolymers containing polyacetylene segment are also prepared. Owing to the versatility of the anionic reactions, the present strategy can serve as a powerful tool of precise control on polymer chain microstructure, architecture, and functionalities in the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- The State Key Laboratory
of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center
of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department of Macromolecular
Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Junpo He
- The State Key Laboratory
of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center
of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department of Macromolecular
Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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859
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Al Ouahabi A, Charles L, Lutz JF. Synthesis of Non-Natural Sequence-Encoded Polymers Using Phosphoramidite Chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:5629-35. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b02639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Al Ouahabi
- Precision Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut Charles Sadron, UPR-22 CNRS, BP 84047, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Laurence Charles
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institute of Radical Chemistry, UMR 7273, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Jean-François Lutz
- Precision Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut Charles Sadron, UPR-22 CNRS, BP 84047, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
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860
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Lächelt U, Wagner E. Nucleic Acid Therapeutics Using Polyplexes: A Journey of 50 Years (and Beyond). Chem Rev 2015; 115:11043-78. [DOI: 10.1021/cr5006793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 418] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Lächelt
- Pharmaceutical
Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig Maximilians Universität, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems
Initiative
Munich (NIM), 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Pharmaceutical
Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig Maximilians Universität, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems
Initiative
Munich (NIM), 80799 Munich, Germany
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861
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Guillaume SM, Kirillov E, Sarazin Y, Carpentier JF. Beyond stereoselectivity, switchable catalysis: some of the last frontier challenges in ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters. Chemistry 2015; 21:7988-8003. [PMID: 25832549 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metal-based catalysts and initiators have played a pivotal role in the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic esters, thanks to their high activity and remarkable ability to control precisely the architectures of the resulting polyesters in terms of molar mass, dispersity, microstructure, or tacticity. Today, after two decades of extensive research, the field is slowly reaching maturity. However, several challenges remain, while original concepts have emerged around new types or new applications of catalysis. This Review is not intended to comprehensively cover all of these aspects. Rather, it provides a personal overview of the very recent progress achieved in some selected, important aspects of ROP catalysis--stereocontrol and switchable catalysis. Hence, the first part addresses the development of new metal-based catalysts for the isoselective ROP of racemic lactide towards stereoblock copolymers, and the use of syndioselective ROP metal catalysts to control the monomer sequence in copolymers. A second part covers the development of ROP catalysts--primarily metal-based catalysts, but also organocatalysts--that can be externally regulated by the use of chemical or photo stimuli to switch them between two states with different catalytic abilities. Current challenges and opportunities are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie M Guillaume
- Organometallics, Materials and Catalysis Department, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex (France)
| | - Evgueni Kirillov
- Organometallics, Materials and Catalysis Department, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex (France)
| | - Yann Sarazin
- Organometallics, Materials and Catalysis Department, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex (France)
| | - Jean-François Carpentier
- Organometallics, Materials and Catalysis Department, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex (France).
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862
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Tesch M, Hepperle JAM, Klaasen H, Letzel M, Studer A. Alternierende Copolymerisation durch Nitroxid-vermittelte Polymerisation und anschließende orthogonale Funktionalisierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201412206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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863
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Tesch M, Hepperle JAM, Klaasen H, Letzel M, Studer A. Alternating copolymerization by nitroxide-mediated polymerization and subsequent orthogonal functionalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:5054-9. [PMID: 25736073 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201412206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A novel method for the preparation of functionalized alternating copolymers is presented. Nitroxide-mediated polymerization of hexafluoroisopropyl acrylate with 7-octenyl vinyl ether provides the corresponding alternating polymer, which can be chemically modified using two orthogonal polymer-analogous reactions. A thiol-ene click reaction followed by amidation provides dual-functionalized alternating copolymers. The potential of this method is illustrated by the preparation of a small library (15 examples) of functionalized alternating copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Tesch
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster (Germany)
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864
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Witsenburg JJ, Sinzinger MD, Stoevesandt O, Ruttekolk IR, Roth G, Adjobo-Hermans MJW, Brock R. A peptide-functionalized polymer as a minimal scaffold protein to enhance cluster formation in early T cell signal transduction. Chembiochem 2015; 16:602-10. [PMID: 25663649 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In cellular signal transduction, scaffold proteins provide binding sites to organize signaling proteins into supramolecular complexes and act as nodes in the signaling network. Furthermore, multivalent interactions between the scaffold and other signaling proteins contribute to the formation of protein microclusters. Such microclusters are prominent in early T cell signaling. Here, we explored the minimal structural requirement for a scaffold protein by coupling multiple copies of a proline-rich peptide corresponding to an interaction motif for the SH3 domain of the adaptor protein GADS to an N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide polymer backbone. When added to GADS-containing cell lysates, these scaffolds (but not individual peptides) promoted the binding of GADS to peptide microarrays. This can be explained by the cross-linking of GADS into larger complexes. Furthermore, following import into Jurkat T cell leukemia cells, this synthetic scaffold enhanced the formation of microclusters of signaling proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Joris Witsenburg
- Department of Biochemistry (286), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen (The Netherlands)
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865
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Ma H, Wang Q, Sang W, Han L, Liu P, Chen J, Li Y, Wang Y. Synthesis of Bottlebrush Polystyrenes with Uniform, Alternating, and Gradient Distributions of Brushes Via Living Anionic Polymerization and Hydrosilylation. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 36:726-32. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201400660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
| | - Qiuyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
| | - Wei Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
| | - Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
| | - Pibo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
| | - Yurong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
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866
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He D, Wagner E. Defined Polymeric Materials for Gene Delivery. Macromol Biosci 2015; 15:600-12. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201400524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng He
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; Center for System-based Drug Research and Center for NanoScience (CeNS); Ludwig-Maximilians-University; 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; Center for System-based Drug Research and Center for NanoScience (CeNS); Ludwig-Maximilians-University; 81377 Munich Germany
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867
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Lo Verso F, Pomposo JA, Colmenero J, Moreno AJ. Simulation guided design of globular single-chain nanoparticles by tuning the solvent quality. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:1369-1375. [PMID: 25574662 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm02475c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The control of primary and further structures of individual folded/collapsed synthetic polymers has received significant attention in recent years. However, the synthesis of single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) showing a compact, globular conformation in solution has turned out so far to be highly elusive. By means of simulations, we propose two methods for obtaining globular SCNPs in solution. The first synthesis route is performed in the bad solvent, with the precursor anchored to a surface. In the second route we use a random copolymer precursor with unreactive solvophilic and reactive solvophobic units, which form a single core-shell structure. Both protocols prevent intermolecular cross-linking. After recovering good solvent conditions, the swollen nanoparticles maintain their globular character. The proposed methods are experimentally realizable and do not require specific sequence control of the precursors. Our results pave the way for the synthesis via solvent-assisted design of a new generation of globular soft nanoparticles mimicking global conformations of native proteins in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Lo Verso
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain.
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868
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Li G, Zheng W, Liu Y, Li X. Novel encoding methods for DNA-templated chemical libraries. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2015; 26:25-33. [PMID: 25635927 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Among various types of DNA-encoded chemical libraries, DNA-templated library takes advantage of the sequence-specificity of DNA hybridization, enabling not only highly effective DNA-templated chemical reactions, but also high fidelity in library encoding. This brief review summarizes recent advances that have been made on the encoding strategies for DNA-templated libraries, and it also highlights their respective advantages and limitations for the preparation of DNA-encoded libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenlu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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869
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Hu J, Liu S. Supramolecular Assembly-Assisted Synthesis of Responsive Polymeric Materials with Controlled Chain Topologies. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201400578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui 230026 China
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Shiyong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui 230026 China
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui 230026 China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui 230026 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui 230026 China
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870
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Frisch H, Nie Y, Raunser S, Besenius P. pH‐Regulated Selectivity in Supramolecular Polymerizations: Switching between Co‐ and Homopolymers. Chemistry 2015; 21:3304-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Frisch
- Organic Chemistry Institute and CeNTech, Westfälische Wilhelms‐Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster (Germany)
| | - Yan Nie
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto‐Hahn‐Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund (Germany)
| | - Stefan Raunser
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto‐Hahn‐Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund (Germany)
| | - Pol Besenius
- Organic Chemistry Institute and CeNTech, Westfälische Wilhelms‐Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster (Germany)
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871
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Martin L, Gody G, Perrier S. Preparation of complex multiblock copolymers via aqueous RAFT polymerization at room temperature. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00478k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Room temperature RAFT polymerisation for the design of multiblock acrylate/acrylamide copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Martin
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Warwick
- UK
| | | | - Sébastien Perrier
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Warwick
- UK
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
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872
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Vacogne CD, Brosnan SM, Masic A, Schlaad H. Fibrillar gels via the self-assembly of poly(l-glutamate)-based statistical copolymers. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00491h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of smart polypeptide hydrogels from photo-crosslinked self-assembled poly(γ-benzyl-l-glutamate-co-allylglycine) organogels is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte D. Vacogne
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- Department of Colloid Chemistry
- 14424 Potsdam
- Germany
| | - Sarah M. Brosnan
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- Department of Colloid Chemistry
- 14424 Potsdam
- Germany
| | - Admir Masic
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- Department of Biomaterials
- 14424 Potsdam
- Germany
| | - Helmut Schlaad
- University of Potsdam
- Institute of Chemistry
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
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873
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Yu L, Wang LH, Hu ZT, You YZ, Wu DC, Hong CY. Sequential Michael addition thiol–ene and radical-mediated thiol–ene reactions in one-pot produced sequence-ordered polymers. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01363h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sequential Michael addition-based thiol–ene and free radical mediated thiol–ene reactions for preparing sequence-ordered polymers are reported for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- P. R. China
| | - Long-Hai Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- P. R. China
| | - Zong-Tao Hu
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Tumor 105th Hospital of PLA
- Hefei 230031
- P. R. China
| | - Ye-Zi You
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- P. R. China
| | - De-Cheng Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics & Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Chun-Yan Hong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- P. R. China
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874
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Espeel P, Du Prez FE. One-pot multi-step reactions based on thiolactone chemistry: A powerful synthetic tool in polymer science. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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875
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Solleder SC, Wetzel KS, Meier MAR. Dual side chain control in the synthesis of novel sequence-defined oligomers through the Ugi four-component reaction. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00424a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of sequence-defined oligomers by the iterative application of the modular Ugi four-component reaction (U-4CR) and the efficient thiol–ene addition reaction is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne C. Solleder
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Katharina S. Wetzel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Michael A. R. Meier
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
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876
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Rudolph T, Espeel P, Du Prez FE, Schacher FH. Poly(thiolactone) homo- and copolymers from maleimide thiolactone: synthesis and functionalization. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00329f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis of a thiolactone-functionalized maleimide (MITla), its copolymerization into poly(thiolactone) homo- and copolymers via controlled or free radical polymerization (CRP or FRP) techniques, and subsequent modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Rudolph
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
| | - Pieter Espeel
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Gent
- Belgium
| | - Filip E. Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Gent
- Belgium
| | - Felix H. Schacher
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
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877
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Gonzalez-Burgos M, Latorre-Sanchez A, Pomposo JA. Advances in single chain technology. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:6122-42. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00209e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the recent advances in single chain technology for the construction of soft nano-objects via chain compaction, and their envisioned applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gonzalez-Burgos
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) – Materials Physics Center
- E-20018 San Sebastián
- Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales
- Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU)
| | - Alejandro Latorre-Sanchez
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) – Materials Physics Center
- E-20018 San Sebastián
- Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales
- Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU)
| | - José A. Pomposo
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) – Materials Physics Center
- E-20018 San Sebastián
- Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales
- Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU)
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878
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Malins EL, Amabilino S, Yilmaz G, Isikgor FH, Gridley BM, Becer CR. Precise insertion of clickable monomer along polymer backbone by dynamic temperature controlled radical polymerization. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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879
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Alsubaie F, Anastasaki A, Wilson P, Haddleton DM. Sequence-controlled multi-block copolymerization of acrylamides via aqueous SET-LRP at 0 °C. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01066c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous single electron transfer living radical polymerization (SET-LRP) has been employed to synthesize multi-block homopolymers and copolymers of a range of acrylamide monomers including N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM), 2-hydroxyethyl acrylamide (HEAA), N,N-dimethyl acrylamide (DMA) and N,N-diethylacrylamide (DEA).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul Wilson
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry
- UK
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - David M. Haddleton
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry
- UK
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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880
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Baumgartner R, Song Z, Zhang Y, Cheng J. Functional polyesters derived from alternating copolymerization of norbornene anhydride and epoxides. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00119f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alternating polymerization of norbornene containing polyesters and their functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Baumgartner
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Urbana
- USA
| | - Ziyuan Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Urbana
- USA
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Urbana
- USA
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Urbana
- USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
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881
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Mudraboyina BP, Obadia MM, Abdelhedi-Miladi I, Allaoua I, Drockenmuller E. Versatile click functionalization of poly(1,2,3-triazolium ionic liquid)s. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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882
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Lee SH, Ouchi M, Sawamoto M. Chain extension of center-functionalized polystyrene via radical–radical coupling: Periodic introduction of complementary hydrogen bonding interaction site on polymer chain. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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883
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Zhou J, Li Y, Dong H, Yuan H, Ren T, Li Y. Effect of monomer sequence of poly(histidine/lysine) catiomers on gene packing capacity and delivery efficiency. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13785j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This work presents a novel method to synthesize reducible polycations with specific monomer sequence, and provides new insight on how a monomer sequence of the polymeric catiomer will affect its gene packing capacity and delivery efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashan Zhou
- School of Materials and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- China
| | - Yan Li
- Shanghai East Hospital
- The Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nano Science
- Tongji University School of Medicine
- Shanghai 200120
- China
| | - Haiqing Dong
- Shanghai East Hospital
- The Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nano Science
- Tongji University School of Medicine
- Shanghai 200120
- China
| | - Hua Yuan
- School of Materials and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- China
| | - Tianbin Ren
- School of Materials and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- China
| | - Yongyong Li
- Shanghai East Hospital
- The Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nano Science
- Tongji University School of Medicine
- Shanghai 200120
- China
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884
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KAKUCHI R. Recent Developments in Polymer Analogous Reactions. KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 2015. [DOI: 10.1295/koron.2015-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei KAKUCHI
- Faculty of Natural System, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University
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885
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Abstract
This review discusses the template-directed preparation of sequence-defined polymers.
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886
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Cakir N, Hizal G, Becer CR. Supramolecular glycopolymers with thermo-responsive self-assembly and lectin binding. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00939a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Incorporating monomers into sequence-defined synthetic macromolecules endows them to mimic nature which results in key residues being anchored in the molecular recognition pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nese Cakir
- Department of Chemistry
- Istanbul Technical University
- Istanbul
- Turkey
| | - Gurkan Hizal
- Department of Chemistry
- Istanbul Technical University
- Istanbul
- Turkey
| | - C. Remzi Becer
- School of Engineering and Materials Science
- Queen Mary University of London
- E1 4NS London
- United Kingdom
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887
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Haven JJ, Vandenbergh J, Kurita R, Gruber J, Junkers T. Efficiency assessment of single unit monomer insertion reactions for monomer sequence control: kinetic simulations and experimental observations. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00485c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
On-line microreactor/ESI-MS experiments and kinetic simulations on single unit monomer insertions are combined to assess the efficiency of the SUMI process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris J. Haven
- Polymer Reaction Design Group
- Institute for Materials Research (imo-imomec)
- Hasselt University
- B-3590 Diepenbeek
- Belgium
| | - Joke Vandenbergh
- Polymer Reaction Design Group
- Institute for Materials Research (imo-imomec)
- Hasselt University
- B-3590 Diepenbeek
- Belgium
| | - Rafael Kurita
- Polymer Reaction Design Group
- Institute for Materials Research (imo-imomec)
- Hasselt University
- B-3590 Diepenbeek
- Belgium
| | - Jonas Gruber
- Escola Polytécnica da Universidade de São Paulo
- Avenida Professor Luciano Gualberto
- Butantã - São Paulo
- Brazil
| | - Tanja Junkers
- Polymer Reaction Design Group
- Institute for Materials Research (imo-imomec)
- Hasselt University
- B-3590 Diepenbeek
- Belgium
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888
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Holmberg AL, Karavolias MG, Epps TH. RAFT polymerization and associated reactivity ratios of methacrylate-functionalized mixed bio-oil constituents. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00291e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
High separations costs reduce the practicality of polymers sourced from renewable bio-oils, motivating economical multicomponent bio-oil polymerizations. Thus, this paper investigates polymerization behavior of model bio-oil components and their mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela L. Holmberg
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Delaware
- Newark
- USA
| | | | - Thomas H. Epps
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Delaware
- Newark
- USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
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889
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On the synthesis of sequence-controlled poly(vinyl benzyl amine-co-N-substituted maleimides) copolymers. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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890
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Roy RK, Laure C, Fischer-Krauser D, Charles L, Lutz JF. Convergent synthesis of digitally-encoded poly(alkoxyamine amide)s. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:15677-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc06646h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Binary-encoded poly(alkoxyamine amide)s were prepared by oligomer ligation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar Roy
- Precision Macromolecular Chemistry Group
- Institut Charles Sadron
- 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2
- France
| | - Chloé Laure
- Precision Macromolecular Chemistry Group
- Institut Charles Sadron
- 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2
- France
| | - Diane Fischer-Krauser
- Precision Macromolecular Chemistry Group
- Institut Charles Sadron
- 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2
- France
| | - Laurence Charles
- Aix-Marseille Université – CNRS
- UMR 7273
- Institute of Radical Chemistry
- 13397 Marseille Cedex 20
- France
| | - Jean-François Lutz
- Precision Macromolecular Chemistry Group
- Institut Charles Sadron
- 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2
- France
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891
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Zhou C, Deng L, Yao F, Xu L, Zhou J, Fu GD. A Well-Defined Amphiphilic Polymer Conetwork from Sequence Control of the Cross-Linking in Polymer Chains. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie503649t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhou
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 211189, P. R. China
| | - Linhong Deng
- Institute
of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province 213164, P. R. China
| | - Fang Yao
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 211189, P. R. China
| | - Liqun Xu
- Institute of Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhou
- School
of Materials and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province 213001, P. R. China
| | - Guo Dong Fu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 211189, P. R. China
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892
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Leigh
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Vanesa Marcos
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Miriam R. Wilson
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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893
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Abstract
Current polymer terminology only describes very simple copolymer structures such as block, graft, alternating periodic, or statistical copolymers. This restricted vocabulary implies that copolymers exhibit either segregated (i.e., block and graft), regular (i.e., alternating and periodic), or uncontrolled (i.e., statistical or random) comonomer sequence distributions. This standard classification does not include many new types of sequence-controlled copolymers that have been reported in recent years. In this context, the present viewpoint describes a new category of copolymers: aperiodic copolymers. Such structures can be defined as copolymers in which monomer sequence distribution is not regular but follows the same arrangement in all chains. The term aperiodic can be used to describe encoded comonomer sequences in monodisperse sequence-defined copolymers but also the block sequence of some multiblock copolymers. These new types of copolymers open up very interesting perspectives for the design of complex materials. Some recent relevant literature on the topic is discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Lutz
- Precision Macromolecular
Chemistry Group, Institut Charles Sadron,
UPR22-CNRS, 23 rue du
Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
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894
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Towards applications of synthetic genetic polymers in diagnosis and therapy. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2014; 22:79-84. [PMID: 25285754 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Aptamers are a class of single-stranded nucleic acid ligands that can bind their targets with high specificity and affinities rivalling those of antibodies. First described over 20 years ago by Tuerk & Gold [1] and Ellington & Szostak [2] (who coined the name), their promise as both diagnostic and therapeutic agents remains to be realised. Key problems include the generally low biostability of the standard DNA/RNA or mixed RNA/2'F-DNA backbones under physiological conditions, limited chemical diversity of functional groups on the natural nucleobases, and the difficulty in reliably discovering aptamer ligands to some therapeutic targets. This review will describe recent progress in developing aptamer selection technology as well as expanding aptamer chemistry and informational complexity to improve aptamer discovery and properties.
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895
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Mutlu H, Lutz JF. Reading Polymers: Sequencing of Natural and Synthetic Macromolecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:13010-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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896
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Mutlu H, Lutz JF. “Lesen” von Polymeren: Die Sequenzierung natürlicher und synthetischer Makromoleküle. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201406766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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897
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Sequence Matters: Determining the Sequence Effect of Electronic Structure Properties in π-Conjugated Polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2014-1170.ch025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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898
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van Dongen SFM, Elemans JAAW, Rowan AE, Nolte RJM. Processive catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:11420-8. [PMID: 25244684 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201404848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Nature's enzymes are an ongoing source of inspiration for scientists. The complex processes behind their selectivity and efficiency is slowly being unraveled, and these findings have spawned many biomimetic catalysts. However, nearly all focus on the conversion of small molecular substrates. Nature itself is replete with inventive catalytic systems which modify, replicate, or decompose entire polymers, often in a processive fashion. Such processivity can, for example, enhance the rate of catalysis by clamping to the polymer substrate, which imparts a large effective molarity. Reviewed herein are the various strategies for processivity in nature's arsenal and their properties. An overview of what has been achieved by chemists aiming to mimic one of nature's greatest tricks is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn F M van Dongen
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen (The Netherlands).
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899
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900
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Porel M, Alabi CA. Sequence-Defined Polymers via Orthogonal Allyl Acrylamide Building Blocks. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:13162-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja507262t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mintu Porel
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Christopher A. Alabi
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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