99751
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Sekino Y, Pham QT, Kobatake K, Kitano H, Ikeda K, Goto K, Hayashi T, Nakahara H, Sentani K, Oue N, Yasui W, Teishima J, Hinata N. KIFC1 Is Associated with Basal Type, Cisplatin Resistance, PD-L1 Expression and Poor Prognosis in Bladder Cancer. J Clin Med 2021; 10:4837. [PMID: 34768355 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10214837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinesin family member C1 (KIFC1), a minus end-directed motor protein, is reported to play an essential role in cancer. This study aimed to analyze KIFC1 expression and examine KIFC1 involvement in cisplatin resistance in bladder cancer (BC). Immunohistochemistry showed that 37 of 78 (47.4%) BC cases were positive for KIFC1. KIFC1-positive cases were associated with high T stage and lymph node metastasis. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that KIFC1-positive cases were associated with poor prognosis, consistent with the results from public databases. Molecular classification in several public databases indicated that KIFC1 expression was increased in basal type BC. Immunohistochemistry showed that KIFC1-positive cases were associated with basal markers 34βE12, CK5 and CD44. KIFC1 expression was increased in altered TP53 compared to that in wild-type TP53. Immunohistochemistry showed that KIFC1-positive cases were associated with p53-positive cases. P53 knockout by CRISPR-Cas9 induced KIFC1 expression in BC cell lines. Knockdown of KIFC1 by siRNA increased the sensitivity to cisplatin in BC cells. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that prognosis was poor among KIFC1-positive BC patients treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Immunohistochemistry showed that KIFC1-positive cases were associated with PD-L1-positive cases. High KIFC1 expression was associated with a favorable prognosis in patients treated with atezolizumab from the IMvigor 210 study. These results suggest that KIFC1 might be a promising biomarker and therapeutic target in BC.
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99752
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Wang QW, Sun LH, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Zhao Z, Wang ZL, Wang KY, Li GZ, Xu JB, Ren CY, Ma WP, Wang HJ, Li SW, Zhu YJ, Jiang T, Bao ZS. MET overexpression contributes to STAT4-PD-L1 signaling activation associated with tumor-associated, macrophages-mediated immunosuppression in primary glioblastomas. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-002451. [PMID: 34667077 PMCID: PMC8527154 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dysregulated receptor tyrosine kinases, such as the mesenchymal-epidermal transition factor (MET), have pivotal role in gliomas. MET and its interaction with the tumor microenvironment have been previously implicated in secondary gliomas. However, the contribution of MET gene to tumor cells’ ability to escape immunosurveillance checkpoints in primary gliomas, especially in glioblastoma (GBM), which is a WHO grade 4 glioma with the worst overall survival, is still poorly understood. Methods We investigated the relationship between MET expression and glioma microenvironment by using multiomics data and aimed to understand the potential implications of MET in clinical practice through survival analysis. RNA expression data from a total of 1243 primary glioma samples (WHO grades 2–4) were assembled, incorporating The Cancer Genome Atlas, Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas, and GSE16011 data sets. Results Pearson’s correlation test from the three data sets indicated that MET showed a robust correlation with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and STAT pathways. Western blot analysis revealed that in GBM cell lines (N33 and LN229), PD-L1 and phosphorylated STAT4 were upregulated by MET activation treatment with hepatocyte growth factor and were downregulated on MET suppression by PLB-1001. Tumor tissue microarray analysis indicated a positive correlation between MET and PD-L1 and macrophage-associated markers. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-PCR assay showed enrichment of STAT4 in the PD-L1 DNA. Transwell co-culture and chemotaxis assays revealed that knockdown of MET in GBM cells inhibited macrophage chemotaxis. Moreover, we performed CIBERSORTx and single-cell RNA sequencing data analysis which revealed an elevated number of macrophages in glioma samples with MET overexpression. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that activation of the MET/STAT4/PD-L1 pathway and upregulation of macrophages were associated with shorter survival time in patients with primary GBM. Conclusions These data indicated that the MET-STAT4-PD-L1 axis and tumor-associated macrophages might enforce glioma immune evasion and were associated with poor prognosis in GBM samples, suggesting potential clinical strategies for targeted therapy combined with immunotherapy in patients with primary GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang-Wei Wang
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Hua Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Liang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kuan-Yu Wang
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guan-Zhang Li
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Bao Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chang-Yuan Ren
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, San Bo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Ping Ma
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Jun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shou-Wei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, San Bo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Jian Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao-Shi Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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99753
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Shin S, Lee J, Han J, Li F, Ling D, Park W. Tumor Microenvironment Modulating Functional Nanoparticles for Effective Cancer Treatments. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 19:205-219. [PMID: 34674182 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-021-00403-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major diseases that threaten human life worldwide. Despite advances in cancer treatment techniques, such as radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, it is still difficult to cure cancer because of the resistance mechanism of cancer cells. Current understanding of tumor biology has revealed that resistance to these anticancer therapies is due to the tumor microenvironment (TME) represented by hypoxia, acidity, dense extracellular matrix, and immunosuppression. This review demonstrates the latest strategies for effective cancer treatment using functional nanoparticles that can modulate the TME. Indeed, preclinical studies have shown that functional nanoparticles can effectively modulate the TME to treat refractory cancer. This strategy of using TMEs with controllable functional nanoparticles is expected to maximize cancer treatment efficiency in the future by combining it with various modern cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungyong Shin
- Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, Gyeonggi, 14662, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, Gyeonggi, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Lee
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieun Han
- Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, Gyeonggi, 14662, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, Gyeonggi, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Fangyuan Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Daishun Ling
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,National Center for Translational Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Wooram Park
- Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, Gyeonggi, 14662, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, Gyeonggi, 14662, Republic of Korea.
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99754
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Argersinger DP, Rivas SR, Shah AH, Jackson S, Heiss JD. New Developments in the Pathogenesis, Therapeutic Targeting, and Treatment of H3K27M-Mutant Diffuse Midline Glioma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215280. [PMID: 34771443 PMCID: PMC8582453 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
H3K27M-mutant diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) are rare childhood central nervous system tumors that carry a dismal prognosis. Thus, innovative treatment approaches are greatly needed to improve clinical outcomes for these patients. Here, we discuss current trends in research of H3K27M-mutant diffuse midline glioma. This review highlights new developments of molecular pathophysiology for these tumors, as they relate to epigenetics and therapeutic targeting. We focus our discussion on combinatorial therapies addressing the inherent complexity of treating H3K27M-mutant diffuse midline gliomas and incorporating recent advances in immunotherapy, molecular biology, genetics, radiation, and stereotaxic surgical diagnostics.
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99755
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Raman V, Van Dessel N, Hall CL, Wetherby VE, Whitney SA, Kolewe EL, Bloom SMK, Sharma A, Hardy JA, Bollen M, Van Eynde A, Forbes NS. Intracellular delivery of protein drugs with an autonomously lysing bacterial system reduces tumor growth and metastases. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6116. [PMID: 34675204 PMCID: PMC8531320 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26367-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical cancer pathways often cannot be targeted because of limited efficiency crossing cell membranes. Here we report the development of a Salmonella-based intracellular delivery system to address this challenge. We engineer genetic circuits that (1) activate the regulator flhDC to drive invasion and (2) induce lysis to release proteins into tumor cells. Released protein drugs diffuse from Salmonella containing vacuoles into the cellular cytoplasm where they interact with their therapeutic targets. Control of invasion with flhDC increases delivery over 500 times. The autonomous triggering of lysis after invasion makes the platform self-limiting and prevents drug release in healthy organs. Bacterial delivery of constitutively active caspase-3 blocks the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma and lung metastases, and increases survival in mice. This success in targeted killing of cancer cells provides critical evidence that this approach will be applicable to a wide range of protein drugs for the treatment of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Raman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
- Ernest Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Hadley, MA, USA
| | - Nele Van Dessel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
- Ernest Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Hadley, MA, USA
| | - Christopher L Hall
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
- Ernest Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Hadley, MA, USA
| | | | - Samantha A Whitney
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Emily L Kolewe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Shoshana M K Bloom
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Abhinav Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Jeanne A Hardy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
- Molecular and Cell Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
- Institute for Applied Life Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Mathieu Bollen
- Laboratory of Biosignaling & Therapeutics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aleyde Van Eynde
- Laboratory of Biosignaling & Therapeutics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Neil S Forbes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.
- Ernest Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Hadley, MA, USA.
- Molecular and Cell Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.
- Institute for Applied Life Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.
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99756
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Fragkoulis C, Ntoumas G, Glykas I, Papadopoulos G, Stathouros G, Kostopoulou A, Choreftaki T, Ntoumas K. Expression of proto-oncogene c-Myc in patients with urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma. Curr Urol 2021; 15:231-3. [PMID: 35069088 PMCID: PMC8772624 DOI: 10.1097/cu9.0000000000000053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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99757
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Jandova J, Wondrak GT. Vemurafenib Drives Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Gene Expression in BRAF Inhibitor‒Resistant BRAF V600E/NRAS Q61K Melanoma Enhancing Tumor Growth and Metastasis in a Bioluminescent Murine Model. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:1456-1465.e1. [PMID: 34687745 PMCID: PMC9021323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BRAF inhibitor (BRAFi) resistance compromises long-term survivorship of patients with malignant melanoma, and mutant NRAS is a major mediator of BRAFi resistance. In this study, employing phenotypic and transcriptomic analysis of isogenic melanoma cells that differ only by NRAS mutational status (BRAFi-sensitive A375-BRAFV600E/NRASQ61 vs. BRAFi-resistant A375-BRAFV600E/NRASQ61K), we show that BRAFi (vemurafenib) treatment selectively targets BRAFV600E/NRASQ61K cells upregulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) gene expression, paradoxically promoting invasiveness and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. First, NanoString nCounter transcriptomic analysis identified the upregulation of specific gene expression networks (EMT and EMT to metastasis) as a function of NRASQ61K status. Strikingly, BRAFi treatment further exacerbated the upregulation of genes promoting EMT in BRAFV600E/NRASQ61K cells (with opposing downregulation of EMT-driver genes in the BRAFV600E/NRASQ61 genotype) as detected by EMT-focused RT2 Profiler qPCR array analysis. In BRAFV600E/NRASQ61K cells, BRAFi treatment enhanced proliferation and invasiveness, together with activation of phosphorylated protein kinase B (Ser473), with opposing phenotypic effects observable in BRAFV600E/NRASQ61 cells displaying downregulation of phosphorylated protein kinase B and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. In a SCID mouse bioluminescent melanoma metastasis model, BRAFi treatment enhanced lung tumor burden imposed by BRAFV600E/NRASQ61K cells while blocking BRAFV600E/NRASQ61 metastasis. These preclinical data document the BRAFi-driven enhancement of tumorigenesis and metastasis in BRAFi-resistant human BRAFV600E/NRASQ61K melanoma, a finding with potential clinical implications for patients with NRAS-driven BRAFi-resistant tumors receiving BRAFi treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Jandova
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA; UA Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Georg T Wondrak
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA; UA Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
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99758
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Qin JC, Yu WT, Li HX, Liang YQ, Nong FF, Wen B. Cold exposure and capsaicin promote 1,2-dimethylhyrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats correlates with extracellular matrix remodeling. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:6615-6630. [PMID: 34754156 PMCID: PMC8554402 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i39.6615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and stiffening, which are correlated with tumor malignancy, drives tumor development. However, the relationship between ECM remodeling and rat experimental model of 1,2-dimethylhyrazine (DMH)-induced colorectal cancer (CRC) imposed by cold and capsaicin exposure remains unclear.
AIM To explore the effects of cold exposure and capsaicin on ECM remodeling and ECM enzymes in DMH-induced CRC.
METHODS For histopathological analysis, the sections of colon tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson’s trichrome, Picrosirius red, and Weigert’s Resorcin-Fuchsin to observe the remodeling of collagen and elastin. Additionally, the protein expression level of type I collagen (COL I), type 3 collagen (COL III0, elastin, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 1, MMP2, MMP9, and tissue-specific matrix metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of COL I, COL III, elastin, and lysyl oxidase-like-2 (LOXL2) in the colon tissues of rats was measured by reverse-transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
RESULTS Although no differences were observed in the proportion of adenomas, a trend towards the increase of invasive tumors was observed in the cold and capsaicin group. The cold exposure group had a metastasis rate compared with the other groups. Additionally, abnormal accumulation of both collagen and elastin was observed in the cold exposure and capsaicin group. Specifically, collagen quantitative analysis showed increased length, width, angle, and straightness compared with the DMH group. Collagen deposition and straightness were significantly increased in the cold exposure group compared with the capsaicin group. Cold exposure and capsaicin significantly increased the protein levels of COL I, elastin, and LOXL2 along with increases in their mRNA levels in the colon tissues compared with the DMH group, while COL III did not show a significant difference. Furthermore, in immunohistochemical evaluations, MMP1, MMP2, MMP9, and TIMP1 staining increased in the cold exposure and capsaicin group compared with the DMH group.
CONCLUSION These results suggest that chronic cold and capsaicin exposure further increased the deposition of collagen and elastin in the colonic tissue. Increased COL I and elastin mRNA and protein levels expression may account for the enhanced ECM remodel and stiffness variations of colon tissue. The upregulated expression of the LOXL2 and physiological imbalance between MMP/TIMP activation and deactivation could contribute to the progression of the CRC resulting from cold and capsaicin exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Chun Qin
- Institute of Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong 530001, Guangdong Province, China
- Liuzhou People’s Hospital, Guangxi, 545006, Guangxi Province China
| | - Wei-Tao Yu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, The Second People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hui-Xuan Li
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu-Qi Liang
- Institute of Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong 530001, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fei-Fei Nong
- Institute of Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong 530001, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bin Wen
- Institute of Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong 530001, Guangdong Province, China
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99759
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Dall'Olio F, Pucci M, Malagolini N. The Cancer-Associated Antigens Sialyl Lewis a/x and Sd a: Two Opposite Faces of Terminal Glycosylation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5273. [PMID: 34771437 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The glycosyltransferase β1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferae 2 (B4GALNT2), product of the B4GALNT2 gene is responsible for the biosynthesis of the carbohydrate antigen Sda. Both the enzyme and its cognate antigen display a restricted pattern of tissue expression and modulation in colorectal, gastric, and mammary cancers. In colorectal cancer, B4GALNT2 is generally downregulated, but patients displaying higher expression survive longer. The sialyl Lewisa and sialyl Lewisx antigens are associated with malignancy. Their biosynthesis and that of Sda are mutually exclusive. Forced expression of B4GALNT2 in colorectal cancer cell lines modulates the transcriptome towards lower malignancy, reducing stemness. These effects are independent of B4GALNT2-induced sLea/sLex inhibition. Thus, B4GALNT2 is a marker of better prognosis and a cancer-restraining enzyme in colorectal cancer, with a therapeutic potential. Abstract Terminal carbohydrate structures are particularly relevant in oncology because they can serve as cancer markers and alter the phenotype of cancer cells. The Sda antigen and the sialyl Lewisx and sialyl Lewisa (sLex and sLea) antigens are terminal structures whose biosynthesis is mutually exclusive. In this review, we describe the main features of the Sda antigen in cancer and its relationship with sLex/a antigens. Information was obtained from an extensive literature search and from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) public database. The Sda biosynthetic enzyme B4GALNT2 undergoes downregulation in colorectal (CRC) and stomach cancer, while it is ectopically expressed by a minority of breast cancer (BRCA) patients. High expression of B4GALNT2 is associated with better prognosis and a less malignant gene expression profile in CRC, while the opposite occurs in BRCA. The regulation of B4GALNT2 expression in CRC is multifactorial, involving gene methylation and miRNA expression. Forced expression of B4GALNT2 inhibited sLea/sLex and reduced malignancy and stemness in cells constitutively expressing sLex/a antigens. However, consistent effects were observed upon B4GALNT2 forced expression and in cells not expressing sLex/a antigens. Thus, B4GALNT2 and the Sda antigen exert a tumor-restraining activity in CRC and probably other gastrointestinal cancers, independently of sLex/a antigens.
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99760
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Lewis K, Dummer R, Farberg AS, Guminski A, Squittieri N, Migden M. Effects of Sonidegib Following Dose Reduction and Treatment Interruption in Patients with Advanced Basal Cell Carcinoma During 42-Month BOLT Trial. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2021; 11:2225-2234. [PMID: 34669179 PMCID: PMC8611137 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-021-00619-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sonidegib is a Hedgehog pathway inhibitor approved to treat locally advanced basal cell carcinoma and, depending on regulatory approval, metastatic basal cell carcinoma. Results from the BOLT study demonstrated robust efficacy and continued tolerability through 42 months. This analysis evaluated the impact of sonidegib dose reductions and interruptions in patients with advanced basal cell carcinoma through 42 months. Methods BOLT was a randomized, double-blind, multicenter, phase 2 study. Adults with no previous Hedgehog pathway inhibitor therapy were randomized 1:2 to sonidegib 200 or 800 mg once daily. Primary endpoint was objective response rate. Dose modifications were permitted in patients unable to tolerate the dosing schedule or if a treatment-related adverse event was suspected. Results The incidence of dose interruptions was similar between the 200- and 800-mg groups (68.4% vs 65.3%, respectively). Dose reductions occurred more frequently in patients receiving sonidegib 800 mg (36.7%) than 200 mg (16.5%). Overall response rate for all patients receiving sonidegib 200 mg daily was 48.1% and was similar to those of patients without dose reduction or interruption (48.5%) and patients with at least one dose reduction or interruption (46.2%). Conclusion Dose reductions and interruptions were practical and did not impact the efficacy of sonidegib. In patients with advanced basal cell carcinoma who necessitate long-term treatment, dose interruptions may be beneficial for continued treatment and disease control. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT01327053. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13555-021-00619-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Lewis
- Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Cancer Center, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, Skin Cancer Center, University Hospital, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aaron S Farberg
- Division of Dermatology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Alexander Guminski
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicholas Squittieri
- Medical Affairs Oncology, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Inc., Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Michael Migden
- Division of Internal Medicine, and Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Surgery, Department of Dermatology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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99761
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Lee J, Kim JS, Kim Y. Atorvastatin-mediated rescue of cancer-related cognitive changes in combined anticancer therapies. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009457. [PMID: 34669701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute administration of trastuzumab (TZB) may induce various forms of cognitive impairment. These cancer-related cognitive changes (CRCC) are regulated by an adverse biological process involving cancer stem cells (CSCs) and IL-6. Recent studies have reported that atorvastatin (ATV) may change the dynamic of cognitive impairment in a combination (TZB+ATV) therapy. In this study, we investigate the mutual interactions between cancer stem cells and the tumor cells that facilitate cognitive impairment during long term TZB therapy by developing a mathematical model that involves IL-6 and the key apoptotic regulation. These include the densities of tumor cells and CSCs, and the concentrations of intracellular signaling molecules (NFκB, Bcl-2, BAX). We apply the mathematical model to a single or combination (ATV+TZB) therapy used in the experiments to demonstrate that the CSCs can enhance CRCC by secreting IL-6 and ATV may interfere the whole regulation. We show that the model can both reproduce the major experimental observation on onset and prevention of CRCC, and suggest several important predictions to guide future experiments with the goal of the development of new anti-tumor and anti-CRCC strategies. Moreover, using this model, we investigate the fundamental mechanism of onset of cognitive impairment in TZB-treated patients and the impact of alternating therapies on the anti-tumor efficacy and intracellular response to different treatment schedules. A conventional drug, trastuzumab (TZB), was shown to be an effective weapon in killing cancer cells in brain. However, long term treatment of TZB increases the proportion of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in the tumour microenvironment (TME) and induces up-regulation of pro-tumoral molecules such as IL-6 in TME. These cancer cells then become more resistant to this chemotherapy through the IL-mediated up-regulation of NFκB and CSCs. More importantly, these changes in TME result in a serious side effect, cognitive impairment called cancer-related cognitive changes (CRCC). The detailed mechanism of CRCC is still poorly understood. However, cancer patients with chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment can have long-term or delayed mental changes. In this study, we investigated the fundamental mechanism of CRCC in cancer patients based on experiments and a mathematical model that describes how tumor cells interact with CSCs in response to chemo drugs. In particular, we investigate how TZB-induced CSCs with modified IL-6 landscapes shape the cognitive functions in cancer patients. We showed that the combination treatment with another drug, atorvastatin (ATV), can abrogate the TZB-induced CRCC and enhance the survival probability of cancer patients by synergistic anti-tumor effect. We demonstrate that the cognitive functions and survival rates in cancer patients depend on the apoptotic signaling pathways via the critical communication and IL-6 landscapes of stimulated CTCs.
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99762
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Jia L, Zhang P, Sun H, Dai Y, Liang S, Bai X, Feng L. Optimization of Nanoparticles for Smart Drug Delivery: A Review. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:2790. [PMID: 34835553 PMCID: PMC8622036 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle delivery systems have good application prospects in the treatment of various diseases, especially in cancer treatment. The effect of drug delivery is regulated by the properties of nanoparticles. There have been many studies focusing on optimizing the structure of nanoparticles in recent years, and a series of achievements have been made. This review summarizes the optimization strategies of nanoparticles from three aspects-improving biocompatibility, increasing the targeting efficiency of nanoparticles, and improving the drug loading rate of nanoparticles-aiming to provide some theoretical reference for the subsequent drug delivery of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Jia
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (L.J.); (P.Z.); (H.S.); (Y.D.); (S.L.)
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (L.J.); (P.Z.); (H.S.); (Y.D.); (S.L.)
| | - Hongyan Sun
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (L.J.); (P.Z.); (H.S.); (Y.D.); (S.L.)
| | - Yuguo Dai
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (L.J.); (P.Z.); (H.S.); (Y.D.); (S.L.)
| | - Shuzhang Liang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (L.J.); (P.Z.); (H.S.); (Y.D.); (S.L.)
| | - Xue Bai
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (L.J.); (P.Z.); (H.S.); (Y.D.); (S.L.)
| | - Lin Feng
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (L.J.); (P.Z.); (H.S.); (Y.D.); (S.L.)
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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99763
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Hu W, Xia M, Zhang C, Song B, Xia Z, Guo C, Cui Y, Jiang W, Zhang S, Xu D, Fang J. Chronic cadmium exposure induces epithelial mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer cells through a TGF-β-independent, endoplasmic reticulum stress induced pathway. Toxicol Lett 2021; 353:107-117. [PMID: 34687772 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to elucidate the role of chronic cadmium (Cd) exposure in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and thus malignant phenotypic changes of prostate cancer cells. Prostate cancer cells (PC-3 and DU145) were exposed to a non-toxic level (0.5 or 2 μM) of Cd for up to 3 months, which resulted in significantly promoted migration and invasion of the cells. These phenotypic changes were considered to be the consequence of enhanced EMT as evidenced by diminished expression of E-cadherin and increased vimentin expression. Regarding the mechanisms of Cd-induced EMT, we found Smad3 was activated but without upregulation of TGF-β. Alternatively, we found endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress of prostate cancer cells was significantly evoked, which was parallel with the increased reactive oxygen species (ROS). Removal of ROS by N-acetylcysteine significantly reduced ER stress in prostate cancer cells, followed by the decrease of Smad3 phosphorylation and expression of nuclear Snail, resulting in the inhibition of EMT and malignant phenotypic changes of prostate cancer cells. These findings indicated a new TGF-β independent, ROS-mediated ER stress/Smad signaling pathway in chronic Cd exposure-induced EMT of prostate cancer cells, which could be a novel mechanism involved in cadmium-mediated cancer cells malignant transformation. Accordingly, ROS-induced ERs may become a novel preventive and therapeutic target for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weirong Hu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Mizhen Xia
- Life Science College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Bingdong Song
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Zhengmei Xia
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Chunyu Guo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Yingying Cui
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Weiying Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China; The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle / Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Dexiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
| | - Jun Fang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Sojo University, Ikeda 4-22-1, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan.
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99764
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Tong C, Wang W, Xia Y, He C. A potential novel biomarker in predicting lymph node metastasis of gastric signet ring cell carcinoma: A derived monocyte to lymphocyte ratio. Am J Surg 2021; 223:1144-1150. [PMID: 34702491 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2021.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study is designed to evaluate the predictive value of derived monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (dMLR), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and eosinophil to lymphocyte ratio (ELR) for lymph node metastasis (LNM) in gastric signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) patients. METHODS We carried out a retrospective analysis for 203 eligible patients who underwent radical gastrectomy between January 2011 and September 2020. RESULTS The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for dMLR were 60.3% and 72.2%, respectively; while for NLR and ELR were 64.1% and 66.6%, and 91.6% and 23.6%, respectively. The dMLR and NLR were identified as independent predictors of LNM, but ELR was not. A nomogram was developed incorporating dMLR and clinical characteristics with AUC of 0.868, and the outcome of DCA supported good clinical benefit. CONCLUSIONS dMLR is a promising novel preoperative biomarker to predict LNM of gastric SRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Tong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Chiyi He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
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99765
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Miszczyk M, Wydmański J, Kocot-Kępska M, Malec-Milewska M, Dolla Ł, Miśta W, Miszczyk L, Ben-Ailan M, Lawrence YR. Noninvasive celiac plexus radiosurgery in palliative treatment for patients with symptomatic pancreatic cancer. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2021; 25:140-5. [PMID: 34667441 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2021.107689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced pancreatic cancer is commonly associated with significant visceral pain, radiating in a belt-like distribution to the upper abdomen, referring to the lower back, and significantly affecting patients' quality of life (QoL). The pain is often poorly controlled by pharmacotherapy, or the doses necessary to control the pain produce substantial adverse effects. Other available pain management options include invasive celiac plexus block or neurolysis, palliative radiotherapy, and systemic chemotherapy, all with limited efficacy. In this case report, we present the first non-invasive celiac plexus radiosurgery performed in Europe in a patient with pancreatic cancer, demonstrating that significant pain relief can be achieved through a non-invasive procedure performed within 2 outpatient visits.
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99766
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Das A, Agarwal P, Jain GK, Aggarwal G, Lather V, Pandita D. Repurposing drugs as novel triple negative breast cancer therapeutics. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:515-550. [PMID: 34674627 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666211021143255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among all the types of breast cancer (BC), triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive form having high metastasis and recurrence rate with limited treatment options. Conventional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy have lots of toxic side effects and also no FDA approved therapies are available till now. Repurposing of old clinically approved drugs towards various targets of TNBC is the new approach with lesser side effects and also leads to successful inexpensive drug development with less time consuming. Medicinal plants containg various phytoconstituents (flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, essential oils, tanins, glycosides, lactones) plays very crucial role in combating various types of diseases and used in drug development process because of having lesser side effects. OBJECTIVE The present review focuses in summarization of various categories of repurposed drugs against multitarget of TNBC and also summarizes the phytochemical categories that targets TNBC singly or in combination with synthetic old drugs. METHODS Literature information was collected from various databases such as Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus and Medline to understand and clarify the role and mechanism of repurposed synthetic drugs and phytoconstituents aginst TNBC by using keywords like "breast cancer", "repurposed drugs", "TNBC" and "phytoconstituents". RESULTS Various repurposed drugs and phytochemicals targeting different signaling pathways that exerts their cytotoxic activities on TNBC cells ultimately leads to apoptosis of cells and also lowers the recurrence rate and stops the metastasis process. CONCLUSION Inhibitory effects seen in different levels, which provides information and evidences to researchers towards drug developments process and thus further more investigations and researches need to be taken to get the better therapeutic treatment options against TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amiya Das
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, 201313. India
| | - Pallavi Agarwal
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, 201313. India
| | - Gaurav Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, Govt. of NCT of Delhi, New Delhi, 110017. India
| | - Geeta Aggarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, Govt. of NCT of Delhi, New Delhi, 110017. India
| | - Viney Lather
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, 201313. India
| | - Deepti Pandita
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, Govt. of NCT of Delhi, New Delhi, 110017. India
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99767
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Jeong M, Jeong MH, Kim JE, Cho S, Lee KJ, Park S, Sohn J, Park YG. TCTP protein degradation by targeting mTORC1 and signaling through S6K, Akt, and Plk1 sensitizes lung cancer cells to DNA-damaging drugs. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20812. [PMID: 34675258 PMCID: PMC8531033 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) is expressed in many tissues, particularly in human tumors. It plays a role in malignant transformation, apoptosis prevention, and DNA damage repair. The signaling mechanisms underlying TCTP regulation in cancer are only partially understood. Here, we investigated the role of mTORC1 in regulating TCTP protein levels, thereby modulating chemosensitivity, in human lung cancer cells and an A549 lung cancer xenograft model. The inhibition of mTORC1, but not mTORC2, induced ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent TCTP degradation without a decrease in the mRNA level. PLK1 activity was required for TCTP ubiquitination and degradation and for its phosphorylation at Ser46 upon mTORC1 inhibition. Akt phosphorylation and activation was indispensable for rapamycin-induced TCTP degradation and PLK1 activation, and depended on S6K inhibition, but not mTORC2 activation. Furthermore, the minimal dose of rapamycin required to induce TCTP proteolysis enhanced the efficacy of DNA-damaging drugs, such as cisplatin and doxorubicin, through the induction of apoptotic cell death in vitro and in vivo. This synergistic cytotoxicity of these drugs was induced irrespective of the functional status of p53. These results demonstrate a new mechanism of TCTP regulation in which the mTORC1/S6K pathway inhibits a novel Akt/PLK1 signaling axis and thereby induces TCTP protein stabilization and confers resistance to DNA-damaging agents. The results of this study suggest a new therapeutic strategy for enhancing chemosensitivity in lung cancers regardless of the functional status of p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mini Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Koryodae-ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Korean Institute of Molecular Medicine and Nutrition, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hyeon Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Koryodae-ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Korean Institute of Molecular Medicine and Nutrition, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Koryodae-ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Korean Institute of Molecular Medicine and Nutrition, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Serin Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Koryodae-ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Korean Institute of Molecular Medicine and Nutrition, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Jin Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Koryodae-ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Korean Institute of Molecular Medicine and Nutrition, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Serkin Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Koryodae-ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Korean Institute of Molecular Medicine and Nutrition, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongwon Sohn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Koryodae-ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Korean Institute of Molecular Medicine and Nutrition, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Gyu Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Koryodae-ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
- Korean Institute of Molecular Medicine and Nutrition, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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99768
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Insulin-like growth-factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs) were initially identified as passive inhibitors that combined with insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) in serum. However, more recent data have shown that they have different expression patterns and a variety of functions in the development and occurrence of cancers. Thus, their various roles in cancer still need to be elucidated. This study aimed to explore the IGFBPs and their prognostic value as markers in gastric cancer. METHODS Oncomine, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), Kaplan-Meier Plotter, cBioPortal, GeneMANIA, and TIMER were used to analyze the differential expression, prognostic value, genetic alteration, and association with immune cell infiltration of IGFPBs in gastric cancer. RESULTS Expression levels of IGFBP3, IGFBP4, and IGFBP7 were significantly elevated in gastric cancer tissues, whereas those of IGFBP1 were reduced in normal tissues. IGFBP1/5/7 expression was significantly associated with overall survival whereas IGFBP6/7 expression was significantly correlated with disease-free survival in gastric cancer patients. IGFBP3/5/6/7 were associated with clinical cancer stage. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome analyses showed that IGFBP3/5/7 were mainly enriched in focal adhesion, extracellular matrix structural constituent, cell-substratist junction, extracellular structure, and matrix organization. Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) and gastric cancer had more IGFBP1-7 mutations than other tumor types. Hub gene analysis showed that TP53 and IGF2 expression was significantly elevated in STAD patients; PLG, PAPPA, AFP, and CYR61 were associated with overall survival rate; and IGFALS, PLG, IGF1, AHSG, and FN1 were associated with disease-free survival. Finally, IGFBP3-7 were all associated with cancer-associated fibroblast infiltration in STAD, colon adenocarcinoma, and rectal adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSION Our study provides a comprehensive analysis and selection of IGFBPs as prognostic biomarkers in STAD. This was the first bioinformatic analysis study to describe the involvement of IGFBPs, especially IGFBP7, in gastric cancer development through the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianwu Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiefu Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Meixiang Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Fu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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99769
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Abdel Razek AAK, Alksas A, Shehata M, AbdelKhalek A, Abdel Baky K, El-Baz A, Helmy E. Clinical applications of artificial intelligence and radiomics in neuro-oncology imaging. Insights Imaging 2021; 12:152. [PMID: 34676470 PMCID: PMC8531173 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-021-01102-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This article is a comprehensive review of the basic background, technique, and clinical applications of artificial intelligence (AI) and radiomics in the field of neuro-oncology. A variety of AI and radiomics utilized conventional and advanced techniques to differentiate brain tumors from non-neoplastic lesions such as inflammatory and demyelinating brain lesions. It is used in the diagnosis of gliomas and discrimination of gliomas from lymphomas and metastasis. Also, semiautomated and automated tumor segmentation has been developed for radiotherapy planning and follow-up. It has a role in the grading, prediction of treatment response, and prognosis of gliomas. Radiogenomics allowed the connection of the imaging phenotype of the tumor to its molecular environment. In addition, AI is applied for the assessment of extra-axial brain tumors and pediatric tumors with high performance in tumor detection, classification, and stratification of patient's prognoses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed Alksas
- Biomaging Lab, Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Mohamed Shehata
- Biomaging Lab, Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Amr AbdelKhalek
- Internship at Mansoura University Hospital, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Khaled Abdel Baky
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Ayman El-Baz
- Biomaging Lab, Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Eman Helmy
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Elgomheryia Street, Mansoura, 3512, Egypt.
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99770
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Li Z, Meng X, Wu P, Zha C, Han B, Li L, Sun N, Qi T, Qin J, Zhang Y, Tian K, Li S, Yang C, Ren L, Ming J, Wang P, Song Y, Jiang C, Cai J. Glioblastoma Cell-Derived lncRNA-Containing Exosomes Induce Microglia to Produce Complement C5, Promoting Chemotherapy Resistance. Cancer Immunol Res 2021; 9:1383-1399. [PMID: 34667108 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-21-0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common malignant primary brain cancer in adults, nearly always becomes resistant to current treatments, including the chemotherapeutic temozolomide (TMZ). The long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) TMZ-associated lncRNA in GBM recurrence (lnc-TALC) promotes GBM resistance to TMZ. Exosomes can release biochemical cargo into the tumor microenvironment (TME) or transfer their contents, including lncRNAs, to other cells as a form of intercellular communication. In this study, we found that lnc-TALC could be incorporated into exosomes and transmitted to tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and could promote M2 polarization of the microglia. This M2 polarization correlated with secretion of the complement components C5/C5a, which occurred downstream of lnc-TALC binding to ENO1 to promote the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. In addition, C5 promoted the repair of TMZ-induced DNA damage, leading to chemotherapy resistance, and C5a-targeted immunotherapy showed improved efficacy that limited lnc-TALC-mediated TMZ resistance. Our results reveal that exosome-transmitted lnc-TALC could remodel the GBM microenvironment and reduce tumor sensitivity to TMZ chemotherapy, indicating that the lnc-TALC-mediated cross-talk between GBM cells and microglia could attenuate chemotherapy efficacy and pointing to potential combination therapy strategies to overcome TMZ resistance in GBM.See related Spotlight by Zhao and Xie, p. 1372.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiangqi Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Caijun Zha
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lulu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Nan Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tengfei Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yangong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kaifu Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shupeng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Changxiao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lejia Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianguang Ming
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Pandeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yifei Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chuanlu Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Jinquan Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China. .,Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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99771
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Gu GL, Zhang Z, Zhang YH, Yu PF, Dong ZW, Yang HR, Yuan Y. Detection and analysis of common pathogenic germline mutations in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:6631-6646. [PMID: 34754157 PMCID: PMC8554407 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i39.6631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different types of pathogenic mutations may produce different clinical phenotypes, but a correlation between Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) genotype and clinical phenotype has not been found. Not all patients with PJS have detectable mutations of the STK11/LKB1 gene, what is the genetic basis of clinical phenotypic heterogeneity of PJS? Do PJS cases without STK11/LKB1 mutations have other pathogenic genes? Those are clinical problems that perplex doctors.
AIM The aim was to investigate the specific gene mutation of PJS, and the correlation between the genotype and clinical phenotype of PJS.
METHODS A total of 24 patients with PJS admitted to the Air Force Medical Center, PLA (formerly the Air Force General Hospital, PLA) from November 1994 to January 2020 were randomly selected for inclusion in the study. One hundred thirty-nine common hereditary tumor-related genes including STK11/LKB1 were screened and analyzed for pathogenic germline mutations by high-throughput next-generation sequencing (NGS). The mutation status of the genes and their relationship with clinical phenotypes of PJS were explored.
RESULTS Twenty of the 24 PJS patients in this group (83.3%) had STK11/LKB1 gene mutations, 90% of which were pathogenic mutations, and ten had new mutation sites. Pathogenic mutations in exon 7 of STK11/LKB1 gene were significantly lower than in other exons. Truncation mutations are more common in exons 1 and 4 of STK11/LKB1, and their pathogenicity was significantly higher than that of missense mutations. We also found SLX4 gene mutations in PJS patients.
CONCLUSION PJS has a relatively complicated genetic background. Changes in the sites responsible for coding functional proteins in exon 1 and exon 4 of STK11/LKB1 may be one of the main causes of PJS. Mutation of the SLX4 gene may be a cause of genetic heterogeneity in PJS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Li Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Air Force Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Air Force Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yu-Hui Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Air Force Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100142, China
- Graduate School, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Peng-Fei Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Air Force Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Air Force Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Hai-Rui Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Air Force Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
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99772
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Katayoshi T, Kusano Y, Shibata T, Uchida K, Tsuji-Naito K. Low-molecular-weight whey proteins promote collagen production in dermal fibroblasts via the TGF-β receptor/Smad pathway. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:2232-2240. [PMID: 34498684 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Whey proteins (WPs) reportedly enhance cutaneous tissue regeneration in in vivo studies. However, the underlying mechanisms of such regenerative processes are poorly understood. In this study, we show that low-molecular-weight WPs (LMWPs; 1-30 kDa) accelerate the dermal collagen production via the transforming growth factor β receptor (TβR)/Smad pathway. We showed that LMWPs increased type I and III collagen expression in normal human dermal fibroblasts. Moreover, LMWPs rapidly induced Smad protein phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Notably, type I TβR/Smad signaling inhibitor treatment or type II TβR siRNA knockdown blocked the LMWP-induced type I collagen expression. To identify the active components, we fractionated LMWPs and identified β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin as potential TβR/Smad signaling inducers. Our findings unravel novel biological functions of WPs, involving the TβR/Smad-dependent induction of dermal collagen synthesis, highlighting the therapeutic potential of LMWPs in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Katayoshi
- DHC Corporation Laboratories, Division 2, 2-42 Hamada, Mihama-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuri Kusano
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shibata
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koji Uchida
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tsuji-Naito
- DHC Corporation Laboratories, Division 2, 2-42 Hamada, Mihama-ku, Chiba, Japan
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99773
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Qu W, Wei X, Zhang H, Hou J. FOXD1-AS1 promotes malignant behaviours of prostate cancer cells via the miR-3167/YWHAZ axis. Andrologia 2021; 54:e14263. [PMID: 34674391 DOI: 10.1111/and.14263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, the effect of long noncoding RNA forkhead box D1 antisense RNA 1 (FOXD1-AS1) on malignant phenotypes of prostate cancer (PCa) cells was investigated. FOXD1-AS1 presented high expression in PCa cells according to the results of RT-qPCR. As shown by cell counting kit-8 assays, colony formation assays, wound-healing assays, Transwell assays and flow cytometry analyses, silenced FOXD1-AS1 suppressed PCa cell viability, proliferation, migration and invasion and enhanced cell apoptosis. Additionally, FOXD1-AS1 was primarily localised in cytoplasm of PCa cells. RNA immunoprecipitation assays and luciferase reporter assays revealed that FOXD1-AS1 interacted with miR-3167 in PCa cells. MiR-3167 functioned as an anti-oncogene in PCa and miR-3167 overexpression suppressed cell proliferation while promoted cell apoptosis. Moreover, the downstream target of miR-3167 is mRNA YWHAZ. FOXD1-AS1 elevated the expression of YWHAZ by binding with miR-3167. The suppressive effect of miR-3167 on YWHAZ expression was reversed by FOXD1-AS1 overexpression. Furthermore, overexpressed YWHAZ reversed the suppressive effect of FOXD1-AS1 deficiency on malignant behaviours of PCa cells. Overall, FOXD1-AS1 facilitates malignant phenotypes of PCa cells by up-regulating YWHAZ via miR-3167. The study first reveals the molecular mechanism of FOXD1-AS1 in PCa, suggesting that FOXD1-AS1 and its downstream molecules might be prognostic biomarkers before medical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilong Qu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Urology, The Kunshan Second People's Hospital, Kunshan, China
| | - Xuedong Wei
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haoyu Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Kunshan Second People's Hospital, Kunshan, China
| | - Jianquan Hou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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99774
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Jain A, Bhardwaj V. Therapeutic resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Current challenges and future opportunities. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:6527-6550. [PMID: 34754151 PMCID: PMC8554400 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i39.6527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Although chemotherapeutic regimens such as gemcitabine+ nab-paclitaxel and FOLFIRINOX (FOLinic acid, 5-Fluroruracil, IRINotecan, and Oxaliplatin) significantly improve patient survival, the prevalence of therapy resistance remains a major roadblock in the success of these agents. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms that play a crucial role in PDAC therapy resistance and how a better understanding of these mechanisms has shaped clinical trials for pancreatic cancer chemotherapy. Specifically, we have discussed the metabolic alterations and DNA repair mechanisms observed in PDAC and current approaches in targeting these mechanisms. Our discussion also includes the lessons learned following the failure of immunotherapy in PDAC and current approaches underway to improve tumor's immunological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Jain
- The Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - Vikas Bhardwaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
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99775
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Market M, Tennakoon G, Auer RC. Postoperative Natural Killer Cell Dysfunction: The Prime Suspect in the Case of Metastasis Following Curative Cancer Surgery. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111378. [PMID: 34768810 PMCID: PMC8583911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgical resection is the foundation for the curative treatment of solid tumors. However, metastatic recurrence due to the difficulty in eradicating micrometastases remain a feared outcome. Paradoxically, despite the beneficial effects of surgical removal of the primary tumor, the physiological stress resulting from surgical trauma serves to promote cancer recurrence and metastasis. The postoperative environment suppresses critical anti-tumor immune effector cells, including Natural Killer (NK) cells. The literature suggests that NK cells are critical mediators in the formation of metastases immediately following surgery. The following review will highlight the mechanisms that promote the formation of micrometastases by directly or indirectly inducing NK cell suppression following surgery. These include tissue hypoxia, neuroendocrine activation, hypercoagulation, the pro-inflammatory phase, and the anti-inflammatory phase. Perioperative therapeutic strategies designed to prevent or reverse NK cell dysfunction will also be examined for their potential to improve cancer outcomes by preventing surgery-induced metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Market
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1G 8M5, Canada; (M.M.); (G.T.)
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1G 4E3, Canada
| | - Gayashan Tennakoon
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1G 8M5, Canada; (M.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Rebecca C. Auer
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1G 4E3, Canada
- Department of General Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-613-722-7000
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99776
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Mata G, Miles DH, Drew SL, Fournier J, Lawson KV, Mailyan AK, Sharif EU, Yan X, Beatty JW, Banuelos J, Chen J, Ginn E, Chen A, Gerrick KY, Pham AT, Wong K, Soni D, Dhanota P, Shaqfeh SG, Meleza C, Narasappa N, Singh H, Zhao X, Jin L, Schindler U, Walters MJ, Young SW, Walker NP, Leleti MR, Powers JP, Jeffrey JL. Design, Synthesis, and Structure-Activity Relationship Optimization of Pyrazolopyrimidine Amide Inhibitors of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase γ (PI3Kγ). J Med Chem 2021; 65:1418-1444. [PMID: 34672584 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide-3-kinase γ (PI3Kγ) is highly expressed in immune cells and promotes the production and migration of inflammatory mediators. The inhibition of PI3Kγ has been shown to repolarize the tumor immune microenvironment to a more inflammatory phenotype, thereby controlling immune suppression in cancer. Herein, we report the structure-based optimization of an early lead series of pyrazolopyrimidine isoindolinones, which culminated in the discovery of highly potent and isoform-selective PI3Kγ inhibitors with favorable drug-like properties. X-ray cocrystal structure analysis, molecular docking studies, and detailed structure-activity relationship investigations resulted in the identification of the optimal amide and isoindolinone substituents to achieve a desirable combination of potency, selectivity, and metabolic stability. Preliminary in vitro studies indicate that inhibition of PI3Kγ with compound 56 results in a significant immune response by increasing pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression in M1 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Mata
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Dillon H Miles
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Samuel L Drew
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Jeremy Fournier
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Kenneth V Lawson
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Artur K Mailyan
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Ehesan U Sharif
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Xuelei Yan
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Joel W Beatty
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Jesus Banuelos
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Jie Chen
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Elaine Ginn
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Ada Chen
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Kimberline Y Gerrick
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Amber T Pham
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Kent Wong
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Divyank Soni
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Puja Dhanota
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Stefan G Shaqfeh
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Cesar Meleza
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Nell Narasappa
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Hema Singh
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Xiaoning Zhao
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Lixia Jin
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Ulrike Schindler
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Matthew J Walters
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Stephen W Young
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Nigel P Walker
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Manmohan Reddy Leleti
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Jay P Powers
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Jenna L Jeffrey
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
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99777
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Mason J, Hasnain Z, Miranda G, Gill K, Djaladat H, Desai M, Newton PK, Gill IS, Kuhn P. Prediction of Metastatic Patterns in Bladder Cancer: Spatiotemporal Progression and Development of a Novel, Web-based Platform for Clinical Utility. EUR UROL SUPPL 2021; 32:8-18. [PMID: 34667954 PMCID: PMC8505202 DOI: 10.1016/j.euros.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bladder cancer (BCa), the sixth commonest cancer in the USA, is highly lethal when metastatic. Spatial and temporal patterns of patient-specific metastatic spread are deemed random and unpredictable. Whether BCa metastatic patterns can be quantified and predicted more accurately is unknown. Objective To develop a web-based calculator for forecasting metastatic progression in individual BCa patients. Design setting and participants We used a prospectively collected longitudinal dataset of 3503 BCa patients who underwent a radical cystectomy following diagnosis and were enrolled continuously. We subdivided patients by their pathologic subgroup stages of organ confined (OC), extravesical (EV), and node positive (N+). We illustrated metastatic pathway progression using color-coded, circular, tree ring diagrams. We created a dynamical, data-visualization, web-based platform that displays temporal, spatial, and Markov modeling figures with predictive capability. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis Patients underwent history and physical examination, serum studies, and liver function tests. Surveillance follow-up included computed tomography scans, chest x-rays, and radiographic evaluation of the reservoir and upper tracts, with bone scans performed only if clinically indicated. Outcomes were measured by time to clinical recurrence and overall or progression-free survival. Results and limitations Metastases developed in 29% of patients (n = 812; median follow-up 15.3 yr), with 5-yr overall survival of 20.2%, compared with 78.6% in those without metastases (n = 1983; median follow-up 10.9 yr). The three commonest sites of spread at the time of first progression were bone (n = 214; 26.4%), pelvis (n = 194; 23.9%), and lung (n = 194; 23.9%). The order and frequency of these sites vary when divided by pathologic subgroup stages of OC (lung [n = 65; 25.1%], urethra [n = 45; 17.4%], and bone [n = 29; 11.2%]), EV (pelvis [n = 63; 33.0%], bone [n = 45; 23.6%], and lung [n = 29; 15.2%]), and N+ (bone [n = 111; 30.7%], retroperitoneum [n = 70; 19.3%], and pelvis [n = 60; 16.6%]). Markov chain modeling indicated a higher probability of spread from bladder to bone (15.5%), pelvis (14.7%), and lung (14.2%). Conclusions Our web-based calculator allows real-time analyses in the clinic based on individual patient-specific demographic and cancer data elements. For contrasting subgroups, the models indicated differences in Markov transition probabilities. Spatiotemporal patterns of BCa metastasis and sites of spread indicated underlying organotropic mechanisms in the prediction of response. This recognition opens the possibility of organ site-specific therapeutic targeting in the oligometastatic BCa setting. In the precision medicine era, visualization of complex, time-resolved clinical data will enhance management of postoperative metastatic BCa patients. Patient summary We developed a web-based calculator to forecast metastatic progression for individual bladder cancer (BCa) patients, based on the clinical and demographic information obtained at diagnosis. This can help in predicting disease status and survival, and improving management in postoperative metastatic BCa patients. Take Home Message Future pathways of metastatic progression for individual bladder cancer patients can be determined based on currently available clinical and demographic information obtained at diagnosis. In focused subgroups of patients, these metastatic spread patterns can also portend disease status and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Mason
- USC Institute of Urology, Catherine & Joseph Aresty Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zaki Hasnain
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gus Miranda
- USC Institute of Urology, Catherine & Joseph Aresty Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Karanvir Gill
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hooman Djaladat
- USC Institute of Urology, Catherine & Joseph Aresty Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mihir Desai
- USC Institute of Urology, Catherine & Joseph Aresty Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paul K Newton
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Mathematics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Inderbir S Gill
- USC Institute of Urology, Catherine & Joseph Aresty Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peter Kuhn
- USC Institute of Urology, Catherine & Joseph Aresty Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Mathematics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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99778
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99779
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Roque-diaz Y, Sanadar M, Han D, López-mesas M, Valiente M, Tolazzi M, Melchior A, Veclani D. The Dark Side of Platinum Based Cytostatic Drugs: From Detection to Removal. Processes (Basel) 2021; 9:1873. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9111873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The uncontrolled release of pharmaceutical drugs into the environment raised serious concerns in the last decades as they can potentially exert adverse effects on living organisms even at the low concentrations at which they are typically found. Among them, platinum based cytostatic drugs (Pt CDs) are among the most used drugs in cancer treatments which are administered via intravenous infusion and released partially intact or as transformation products. In this review, the studies on environmental occurrence, transformation, potential ecotoxicity, and possible treatment for the removal of platinum cytostatic compounds are revised. The analysis of the literature highlighted the generally low total platinum concentration values (from a few tens of ng L−1 to a few hundred μg L−1) found in hospital effluents. Additionally, several studies highlighted how hospitals are sources of a minor fraction of the total Pt CDs found in the environment due to the slow excretion rate which is longer than the usual treatment durations. Only some data about the impact of the exposure to low levels of Pt CDs on the health of flora and fauna are present in literature. In some cases, adverse effects have been shown to occur in living organisms, even at low concentrations. Further ecotoxicity data are needed to support or exclude their chronic effects on the ecosystem. Finally, fundamental understanding is required on the platinum drugs removal by MBR, AOPs, technologies, and adsorption.
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99780
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Tröndle M, Stritter W, Odone V, Peron K, Ghelman R, Seifert G. Beyond the Standard of Care: An Exploratory Qualitative Study of an Implemented Integrative Therapeutic Care Program in a Brazilian Pediatric Oncology Unit. J Altern Complement Med 2021; 27:1002-1010. [PMID: 34668735 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2021.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This article examines the feedback of health care providers within the implementation of an integrative care project in a clinic for pediatric oncology in São Paulo, Brazil. Since 2017, the project has implemented external anthroposophic therapies in the activities of daily nursing. The objective is to evaluate how the project evolved and what impact it had on the daily operation of the hospital. A special focus emphasizes the perspective of study nurses. Materials and Methods: Twelve qualitative semistructured interviews were conducted. Audio files were transcribed, translated to German, and underwent a MAXQDA software-assisted analysis. Using a thematic approach, coherent cross-case topics were defined. Results: Three main topics emerged from analysis of the data. (1) The implementation and its effects on daily patient care demonstrated positive outcomes in patients and were well accepted with minimal changes in daily activities. (2) The perspective of study nurses showed a large motivation due to beneficial and stress-relieving effects of the application and a growing patient-health care provider relationship. (3) Problems and aspirations for improvement were the lack of time and the urge to make the project grow in the future. Conclusion: Not only patients but also health care providers seem to benefit from integrative methods. They have the potential to improve the working atmosphere and to strengthen relations between patients, caregivers, and family members. General feedback was positive and acceptance in the team arose over time when beneficial effects became visible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Tröndle
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Otto-Heubner Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (OHC), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wiebke Stritter
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Otto-Heubner Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (OHC), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vicente Odone
- Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Tratamento do Câncer Infantil (ITACI), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina Peron
- Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Tratamento do Câncer Infantil (ITACI), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ghelman
- Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Tratamento do Câncer Infantil (ITACI), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Georg Seifert
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Otto-Heubner Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (OHC), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Tratamento do Câncer Infantil (ITACI), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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99781
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Rish AJ, Drennen JK, Anderson CA. Metabolic trends of Chinese hamster ovary cells in biopharmaceutical production under batch and fed-batch conditions. Biotechnol Prog 2021; 38:e3220. [PMID: 34676699 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Extensive knowledge of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell metabolism is required to improve process productivity and culture performance in biopharmaceutical manufacturing. However, CHO cells show a dynamic metabolism during culturing in batch and fed-batch bioreactors. CHO cell metabolism is generally described as taking place in three stages: exponential growth phase, stationary phase, and death phase. This review aims to summarize the trends of central metabolism for CHO cells during each stage. Additional insights into how culture conditions are related to phase transitions and force metabolic rewiring are provided. Understanding of CHO cell metabolism lends itself to improving culture qualities by, for example, identifying sources of toxic byproducts and pathways for cellular engineering. In summary, this review describes the changes in CHO cell central metabolism over the course of the culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Rish
- Duquesne University Graduate School for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James K Drennen
- Duquesne University Graduate School for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Duquesne Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carl A Anderson
- Duquesne University Graduate School for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Duquesne Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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99782
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Abstract
Chemotherapy is currently an irreplaceable strategy for cancer treatment. Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) is a clinical first-line drug for cancer chemotherapy. While its efficacy for cancer treatment is greatly compromised due to invalid enrichment or serious side effects. To increase the content of intracellular targets and boost the antitumor effect of DOX, a novel biotinylated hyaluronic acid-guided dual-functionalized CaCO3-based drug delivery system (DOX@BHNP) with target specificity and acid-triggered drug-releasing capability was synthesized. The ability of the drug delivery system on enriching DOX in mitochondria and nucleus, which further cause significant tumor inhibition, were investigated to provide a more comprehensive understanding of this CaCO3-based drug delivery system. After targeted endocytosis by tumor cells, DOX could release faster in the weakly acidic lysosome, and further enrich in mitochondria and nucleus, which cause mitochondrial destruction and nuclear DNA leakage, and result in cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis. Virtually, an effective tumor inhibition was observed in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, the batch-to-batch variation of DOX loading level in the DOX@BHNP system is negligible, and no obvious histological changes in the main organs were observed, indicating the promising application of this functionalized drug delivery system in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xue Yuan
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guisong Shan
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yi
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan He
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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99783
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Araf Y, Galib M, Naser IB, Promon SK. Prospects of 3D Bioprinting as a Possible Treatment for Cancer Cachexia. J CLIN EXP INVEST 2021. [DOI: 10.29333/jcei/11289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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99784
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Mir SM, Aliarab A, Goodarzi G, Shirzad M, Jafari SM, Qujeq D, Samavarchi Tehrani S, Asadi J. Melatonin: A smart molecule in the DNA repair system. Cell Biochem Funct 2021; 40:4-16. [PMID: 34672014 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
DNA repair is an important pathway for the protection of DNA molecules from destruction. DNA damage can be produced by oxidative reactive nitrogen or oxygen species, irritation, alkylating agents, depurination and depyrimidination; in this regard, DNA repair pathways can neutralize the negative effects of these factors. Melatonin is a hormone secreted from the pineal gland with an antioxidant effect by binding to oxidative factors. In addition, the effect of melatonin on DNA repair pathways has been proven by the literature. DNA repair is carried out by several mechanisms, of which homologous recombination repair (HRR) and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) are of great importance. Because of the importance of DNA repair in DNA integrity and the anticancer effect of this pathway, we presented the effect of melatonin on DNA repair factors regarding previous studies conducted in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mostafa Mir
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Azadeh Aliarab
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golnaz Goodarzi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Student Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moein Shirzad
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mehdi Jafari
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Durdi Qujeq
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sadra Samavarchi Tehrani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Student Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jahanbakhsh Asadi
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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99785
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Jiang G, Tu J, Zhou L, Dong M, Fan J, Chang Z, Zhang L, Bian X, Liu S. Single-cell transcriptomics reveal the heterogeneity and dynamic of cancer stem-like cells during breast tumor progression. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:979. [PMID: 34675206 PMCID: PMC8531288 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04261-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer stem-like cells (BCSCs) play vital roles in tumorigenesis and progression. However, the origin and dynamic changes of BCSCs are still to be elucidated. Using the breast cancer mouse model MMTV-PyMT, we constructed a single-cell atlas of 31,778 cells from four distinct stages of tumor progression (hyperplasia, adenoma/MIN, early carcinoma and late carcinoma), during which malignant transition occurs. We identified that the precise cell type of ERlow epithelial cell lineage gave rise to the tumors, and the differentiation of ERhigh epithelial cell lineage was blocked. Furthermore, we discovered a specific signature with a continuum of gene expression profiles along the tumor progression and significantly correlated with clinical outcomes, and we also found a stem-like cell cluster existed among ERlow epithelial cells. Further clustering on this stem-like cluster showed several sub-clusters indicating heterogeneity of stem-like epithelial cells. Moreover, we distinguished normal and cancer stem-like cells in this stem-like epithelial cell cluster and profiled the molecular portraits from normal stem-like cell to cancer stem-like cells during the malignant transition. Finally, we found the diverse immune cell infiltration displayed immunosuppressive characteristics along tumor progression. We also found the specific expression pattern of cytokines and their corresponding cytokine receptors in BCSCs and immune cells, suggesting the possible cross-talk between BCSCs and the immune cells. These data provide a useful resource for illuminating BCSC heterogeneity and the immune cell remodeling during breast tumor progression, and shed new light on transcriptomic dynamics during the progression at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojuan Jiang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology; Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Juchuanli Tu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology; Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology; Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengxue Dong
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology; Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Jue Fan
- Singleron Biotechnologies, Yaogu Avenue 11, 210043, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaoxia Chang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology; Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixing Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology; Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuwu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University); Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Suling Liu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology; Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
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99786
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Janjua TI, Ahmed-Cox A, Meka AK, Mansfeld FM, Forgham H, Ignacio RMC, Cao Y, McCarroll JA, Mazzieri R, Kavallaris M, Popat A. Facile synthesis of lactoferrin conjugated ultra small large pore silica nanoparticles for the treatment of glioblastoma. Nanoscale 2021; 13:16909-16922. [PMID: 34533167 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr03553c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The blood brain barrier (BBB) and blood tumour barrier (BTB) remain a major roadblock for delivering therapies to treat brain cancer. Amongst brain cancers, glioblastoma (GBM) is notoriously difficult to treat due to the challenge of delivering chemotherapeutic drugs across the BBB and into the tumour microenvironment. Consequently, GBM has high rates of tumour recurrence. Currently, limited numbers of chemotherapies are available that can cross the BBB to treat GBM. Nanomedicine is an attractive solution for treating GBM as it can augment drug penetration across the BBB and into the heterogeneous tumour site. However, very few nanomedicines exist that can easily overcome both the BBB and BTB owing to difficulty in synthesizing nanoparticles that meet the small size and surface functionality restrictions. In this study, we have developed for the first-time, a room temperature protocol to synthesise ultra-small size with large pore silica nanoparticles (USLP, size ∼30 nm, pore size >7 nm) with the ability to load high concentrations of chemotherapeutic drugs and conjugate a targeting moiety to their surface. The nanoparticles were conjugated with lactoferrin (>80 kDa), whose receptors are overexpressed by both the BBB and GBM, to achieve additional active targeting. Lactoferrin conjugated USLP (USLP-Lf) were loaded with doxorubicin - a chemotherapy agent that is known to be highly effective against GBM in vitro but cannot permeate the BBB. USLP-Lf were able to selectively permeate the BBB in vitro, and were effectively taken up by glioblastoma U87 cells. When compared to the uncoated USLP-NPs, the coating with lactoferrin significantly improved penetration of USLP into U87 tumour spheroids (after 12 hours at 100 μm distance, RFU value 19.58 vs. 49.16 respectively). Moreover, this USLP-Lf based delivery platform improved the efficacy of doxorubicin-mediated apoptosis of GBM cells in both 2D and 3D models. Collectively, our new nano-platform has the potential to overcome both the BBB and BTB to treat GBM more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taskeen Iqbal Janjua
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia.
| | - Aria Ahmed-Cox
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia.
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Anand Kumar Meka
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia.
| | - Friederike M Mansfeld
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia.
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Helen Forgham
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia.
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Rosa Mistica C Ignacio
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia.
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Yuxue Cao
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia.
| | - Joshua A McCarroll
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia.
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Roberta Mazzieri
- Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD, 4102, Australia.
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia.
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Amirali Popat
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia.
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba QLD 4102, Australia
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99787
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Abstract
Alu RNA are implicated in the poor prognosis of several human disease states. These RNA are transcription products of primate specific transposable elements called Alu elements. These elements are extremely abundant, comprising over 10% of the human genome, and 100 to 1000 cytoplasmic copies of Alu RNA per cell. Alu RNA do not have a single universal functional role aside from selfish self-propagation. Despite this, Alu RNA have been found to operate in a diverse set of translational and transcriptional mechanisms. This review will focus on the current knowledge of Alu RNA involved in human disease states and known mechanisms of action. Examples of Alu RNA that are transcribed in a variety of contexts such as introns, mature mRNA, and non-coding transcripts will be discussed. Past and present challenges in studying Alu RNA, and the future directions of Alu RNA in basic and clinical research will also be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean A McKenna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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99788
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Cargill KR, Hasken WL, Gay CM, Byers LA. Alternative Energy: Breaking Down the Diverse Metabolic Features of Lung Cancers. Front Oncol 2021; 11:757323. [PMID: 34745994 PMCID: PMC8566922 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.757323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer initiation, progression, and relapse. From the initial observation that cancer cells preferentially ferment glucose to lactate, termed the Warburg effect, to emerging evidence indicating that metabolic heterogeneity and mitochondrial metabolism are also important for tumor growth, the complex mechanisms driving cancer metabolism remain vastly unknown. These unique shifts in metabolism must be further investigated in order to identify unique therapeutic targets for individuals afflicted by this aggressive disease. Although novel therapies have been developed to target metabolic vulnerabilities in a variety of cancer models, only limited efficacy has been achieved. In particular, lung cancer metabolism has remained relatively understudied and underutilized for the advancement of therapeutic strategies, however recent evidence suggests that lung cancers have unique metabolic preferences of their own. This review aims to provide an overview of essential metabolic mechanisms and potential therapeutic agents in order to increase evidence of targeted metabolic inhibition for the treatment of lung cancer, where novel therapeutics are desperately needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lauren A. Byers
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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99789
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Gaggini M, Pingitore A, Vassalle C. Plasma Ceramides Pathophysiology, Measurements, Challenges, and Opportunities. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11110719. [PMID: 34822377 PMCID: PMC8622894 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ceramides are a family of lipid molecules, composed of sphingosine and a fatty acid, and transported by lipoproteins (primarily by low-density lipoproteins) in the bloodstream. They are not only structural lipids, but multifunctional and bioactive molecules with key roles in many important cellular pathways, such as inflammatory processes and apoptosis, representing potential biomarkers of cardiometabolic diseases as well as pharmacological targets. Recent data reported ceramide modulation by diet and aerobic exercise, suggesting nutrients and exercise-targeting sphingolipid pathways as a countermeasure, also in combination with other therapies, for risk and progression of chronic disease prevention and health maintenance. In this review, we focus on the available data regarding remarks on ceramide structure and metabolism, their pathophysiologic roles, and the effect of dietary habit and aerobic exercise on ceramide levels. Moreover, advancements and limitations of lipidomic techniques and simplification attempts to overcome difficulties of interpretation and to facilitate practical applications, such as the proposal of scores, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Gaggini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Alessandro Pingitore
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Cristina Vassalle
- Fondazione CNR-Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-3153525
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99790
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Lacombe ML, Lamarche F, De Wever O, Padilla-Benavides T, Carlson A, Khan I, Huna A, Vacher S, Calmel C, Desbourdes C, Cottet-Rousselle C, Hininger-Favier I, Attia S, Nawrocki-Raby B, Raingeaud J, Machon C, Guitton J, Le Gall M, Clary G, Broussard C, Chafey P, Thérond P, Bernard D, Fontaine E, Tokarska-Schlattner M, Steeg P, Bièche I, Schlattner U, Boissan M. The mitochondrially-localized nucleoside diphosphate kinase D (NME4) is a novel metastasis suppressor. BMC Biol 2021; 19:228. [PMID: 34674701 PMCID: PMC8529772 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01155-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK-D, NME4, NM23-H4) is a multifunctional enzyme mainly localized in the intermembrane space, bound to the inner membrane. Results We constructed loss-of-function mutants of NDPK-D, lacking either NDP kinase activity or membrane interaction and expressed mutants or wild-type protein in cancer cells. In a complementary approach, we performed depletion of NDPK-D by RNA interference. Both loss-of-function mutations and NDPK-D depletion promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition and increased migratory and invasive potential. Immunocompromised mice developed more metastases when injected with cells expressing mutant NDPK-D as compared to wild-type. This metastatic reprogramming is a consequence of mitochondrial alterations, including fragmentation and loss of mitochondria, a metabolic switch from respiration to glycolysis, increased ROS generation, and further metabolic changes in mitochondria, all of which can trigger pro-metastatic protein expression and signaling cascades. In human cancer, NME4 expression is negatively associated with markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor aggressiveness and a good prognosis factor for beneficial clinical outcome. Conclusions These data demonstrate NME4 as a novel metastasis suppressor gene, the first localizing to mitochondria, pointing to a role of mitochondria in metastatic dissemination. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-021-01155-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Lise Lacombe
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Paris, France
| | - Frederic Lamarche
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1055, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics (LBFA), and SFR Environmental and Systems Biology (BEeSy), Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier De Wever
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Alyssa Carlson
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Department, Wesleyan University, Middletown, USA
| | - Imran Khan
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA
| | - Anda Huna
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Léon Bérard Center, Lyon University, Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Vacher
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Genetics, Curie Institute, Paris, France
| | - Claire Calmel
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Paris, France
| | - Céline Desbourdes
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1055, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics (LBFA), and SFR Environmental and Systems Biology (BEeSy), Grenoble, France
| | - Cécile Cottet-Rousselle
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1055, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics (LBFA), and SFR Environmental and Systems Biology (BEeSy), Grenoble, France
| | - Isabelle Hininger-Favier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1055, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics (LBFA), and SFR Environmental and Systems Biology (BEeSy), Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphane Attia
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1055, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics (LBFA), and SFR Environmental and Systems Biology (BEeSy), Grenoble, France
| | - Béatrice Nawrocki-Raby
- Reims Champagne Ardenne University, INSERM, P3Cell UMR-S 1250, SFR CAP-SANTE, Reims, France
| | - Joël Raingeaud
- INSERM U1279, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Christelle Machon
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Léon Bérard Center, Lyon University, Lyon, France
| | - Jérôme Guitton
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Léon Bérard Center, Lyon University, Lyon, France
| | - Morgane Le Gall
- Proteomics Platform 3P5, Paris University, Cochin Institute, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Guilhem Clary
- Proteomics Platform 3P5, Paris University, Cochin Institute, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Cedric Broussard
- Proteomics Platform 3P5, Paris University, Cochin Institute, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Chafey
- Proteomics Platform 3P5, Paris University, Cochin Institute, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Patrice Thérond
- AP-HP, CHU Bicêtre, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,EA7537, Paris Saclay University, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - David Bernard
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Léon Bérard Center, Lyon University, Lyon, France
| | - Eric Fontaine
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1055, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics (LBFA), and SFR Environmental and Systems Biology (BEeSy), Grenoble, France
| | - Malgorzata Tokarska-Schlattner
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1055, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics (LBFA), and SFR Environmental and Systems Biology (BEeSy), Grenoble, France
| | - Patricia Steeg
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA
| | - Ivan Bièche
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Genetics, Curie Institute, Paris, France
| | - Uwe Schlattner
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1055, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics (LBFA), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Grenoble, France.
| | - Mathieu Boissan
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Paris, France. .,AP-HP, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Hormonology, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France.
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99791
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Uruski P, Sepetowska A, Konieczna C, Pakuła M, Wyrwa M, Tussupkaliyev A, Tykarski A, Mikuła-Pietrasik J, Książek K. Primary high-grade serous ovarian cancer cells are sensitive to senescence induced by carboplatin and paclitaxel in vitro. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2021; 26:44. [PMID: 34674640 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-021-00287-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various types of normal and cancer cells undergo senescence in response to carboplatin and paclitaxel, which are considered the gold standard treatments in ovarian cancer management. Surprisingly, the effect of these drugs on ovarian cancer cell senescence remained unknown. METHODS The experiments were conducted on primary high-grade serous ovarian cancer cells. Molecular markers of senescence were evaluated using cytochemistry and immunofluorescence. Cell cycle distribution was analyzed using flow cytometry. Expression of cyclins and signaling pathways was tested using western blot. Telomere length and telomerase activity were measured using qPCR, and the colocalization of telomeres with DNA damage foci using immuno-FISH. Oxidative stress-related parameters were quantified using appropriate fluorescence probes. Production of cancerogenic agents was analyzed using qPCR and ELISA. RESULTS Carboplatin applied with paclitaxel induces senescence of ovarian cancer cells in vitro. This activity was reflected by permanent G2/M growth arrest, a high fraction of cells expressing senescence biomarkers (SA-β-Gal and γ-H2A.X), upregulated expression of p16, p21, and p53 cell cycle inhibitors, and decreased expression of cyclin B1. Neither telomere length nor telomerase activity changed in the senescent cells, and the majority of DNA damage was localized outside telomeres. Moreover, drug-treated cancer cells exhibited increased production of STAT3 protein, overproduced superoxide and peroxides, and increased mitochondrial mass. They were also characterized by upregulated ANG1, CCL11, IL-6, PDGF-D, TIMP-3, TSP-1, and TGF-β1 at the mRNA and/or protein level. CONCLUSIONS Our findings imply that conventional chemotherapy may elicit senescence in ovarian cancer cells, which may translate to the development of a cancer-promoting phenotype, despite the inability of these cells to divide.
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99792
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Chic N, Brasó-Maristany F, Prat A. Biomarkers of immunotherapy response in breast cancer beyond PD-L1. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 191:39-49. [PMID: 34676466 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06421-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have modified the treatment algorithm in a variety of cancer types, including breast cancer. Nevertheless, optimal selection of ideal candidates to these drugs remains an unmet need. Although PD-L1 expression by immunohistochemistry seems to be the most promising biomarker to date, its predictive ability is far from ideal. Thus, the development of new predictive biomarkers is essential for a better selection of patients. Here, we discuss potential biomarkers beyond PD-L1 that could play an important role in precision cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Chic
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Carrer de Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,SOLTI Cooperative Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fara Brasó-Maristany
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Carrer de Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,SOLTI Cooperative Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleix Prat
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Carrer de Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain. .,SOLTI Cooperative Group, Barcelona, Spain. .,Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Institute of Oncology (IOB)-Quiron, Barcelona, Spain.
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99793
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Liu Y, Wang X, Zhou Y, Yang G, Hou J, Zhou S. Engineered multifunctional metal-phenolic nanocoatings for label-free capture and "self-release" of heterogeneous circulating tumor cells. Nanoscale 2021; 13:16923-16931. [PMID: 34522934 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr04112f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Immunomagnetic beads have been widely explored as an important analytical tool for the rapid and sensitive detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). However, their clinical application is seriously hindered by the tedious preparation procedures and heterogeneous nature of CTCs. To this end, a designed multifunctional platform named Fe3O4@TA/CuII superparamagnetic nanoparticles (SPMNPs) is expected to have the following features: (i) the formation of a tannic acid-copper (II) ion (TA/CuII) coating which could be accomplished by a one-step method is very simple; (ii) the TA/CuII coating shows high affinity for heterogeneous CTCs and good resistance to nonspecific adhesion of blood cells; (iii) "self-release" of the captured cells could be achieved as the TA/CuII coating gradually degrades in the cell culture environment without any additional interventions. Therefore, the resulting Fe3O4@TA/CuII SPMNPs could capture various CTCs (MCF-7, HepG2 and HeLa cells) with different expression levels of the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM). And the capture efficiency and cell purity can reach 88% and 87%, respectively. In addition, 68% of the captured cells are self-released after 6 h of incubation and most of the released cells show high cell proliferation activity. In particular, Fe3O4@TA/CuII SPMNPs can successfully detect 1-13 CTCs from 1 mL of blood of 14 patients with 6 types of cancers. Hence, we expect that the as-prepared Fe3O4@TA/CuII SPMNPs with simple, efficient, and universal yet cost-efficient characteristics could act as a promising analytical tool for clinical CTC detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Xiaoshan Wang
- Cancer Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Yuwei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Guang Yang
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Jianwen Hou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Shaobing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
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99794
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Norouzi A, Motaghi M, Hassanshahi G, Nazari-Robati M. Exploring the expression profile of vitamin D receptor and its related long non-coding RNAs in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2021; 67:1113-1117. [PMID: 34669855 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20210451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common type of childhood cancer. Previous studies have indicated the involvement of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and related long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) signaling in the pathophysiology of several cancers. However, their contribution to ALL remains to be elucidated. METHODS In this case-control study, 30 patients with newly diagnosed ALL and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy children were selected. Then, the level of 25(OH) vitamin D and the expression of VDR and four VDR-related lncRNAs were assessed. RESULTS No significant difference in serum 25(OH) vitamin D was observed between patients with ALL (20.42±6.5 ng/mL) and healthy subjects (25.45±11 ng/mL). In addition, the expression of MALAT-1, HOTAIR, and P-21 was not statistically significant between the two groups. However, a significant reduction in VDR and H19 expression was observed in patients with ALL (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS 25(OH) vitamin D insufficiency was evident in both groups. VDR and H19 signaling might be contributed to the pathogenesis of ALL, which needs further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Norouzi
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, - Kerman, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences - Kerman, Iran
| | - Marzieh Motaghi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Kerman University of Medical Sciences - Kerman, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Hassanshahi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Kerman University of Medical Sciences - Kerman, Iran.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences - Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Nazari-Robati
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences - Kerman, Iran
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99795
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Sun J, Xing F, Braun J, Traub F, Rommens PM, Xiang Z, Ritz U. Progress of Phototherapy Applications in the Treatment of Bone Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111354. [PMID: 34768789 PMCID: PMC8584114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone cancer including primary bone cancer and metastatic bone cancer, remains a challenge claiming millions of lives and affecting the life quality of survivors. Conventional treatments of bone cancer include wide surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. However, some bone cancer cells may remain or recur in the local area after resection, some are highly resistant to chemotherapy, and some are insensitive to radiotherapy. Phototherapy (PT) including photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), is a clinically approved, minimally invasive, and highly selective treatment, and has been widely reported for cancer therapy. Under the irradiation of light of a specific wavelength, the photosensitizer (PS) in PDT can cause the increase of intracellular ROS and the photothermal agent (PTA) in PTT can induce photothermal conversion, leading to the tumoricidal effects. In this review, the progress of PT applications in the treatment of bone cancer has been outlined and summarized, and some envisioned challenges and future perspectives have been mentioned. This review provides the current state of the art regarding PDT and PTT in bone cancer and inspiration for future studies on PT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Sun
- Biomatics Group, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (J.S.); (J.B.); (F.T.); (P.M.R.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Joy Braun
- Biomatics Group, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (J.S.); (J.B.); (F.T.); (P.M.R.)
| | - Frank Traub
- Biomatics Group, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (J.S.); (J.B.); (F.T.); (P.M.R.)
| | - Pol Maria Rommens
- Biomatics Group, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (J.S.); (J.B.); (F.T.); (P.M.R.)
| | - Zhou Xiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu 610041, China;
- Correspondence: (Z.X.); (U.R.)
| | - Ulrike Ritz
- Biomatics Group, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (J.S.); (J.B.); (F.T.); (P.M.R.)
- Correspondence: (Z.X.); (U.R.)
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99796
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Duault C, Kumar A, Taghi Khani A, Lee SJ, Yang L, Huang M, Hurtz C, Manning B, Ghoda L, McDonald T, Lacayo NJ, Sakamoto KM, Carroll M, Tasian SK, Marcucci G, Yu J, Caligiuri MA, Maecker HT, Swaminathan S. Activated natural killer cells predict poor clinical prognosis in high-risk B- and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 2021; 138:1465-1480. [PMID: 34077953 PMCID: PMC8532198 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020009871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
B- and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B/T-ALL) may be refractory or recur after therapy by suppressing host anticancer immune surveillance mediated specifically by natural killer (NK) cells. We delineated the phenotypic and functional defects in NK cells from high-risk patients with B/T-ALL using mass cytometry, flow cytometry, and in silico cytometry, with the goal of further elucidating the role of NK cells in sustaining acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) regression. We found that, compared with their normal counterparts, NK cells from patients with B/T-ALL are less cytotoxic but exhibit an activated signature that is characterized by high CD56, high CD69, production of activated NK cell-origin cytokines, and calcium (Ca2+) signaling. We demonstrated that defective maturation of NK cells into cytotoxic effectors prevents NK cells from ALL from lysing NK cell-sensitive targets as efficiently as do normal NK cells. Additionally, we showed that NK cells in ALL are exhausted, which is likely caused by their chronic activation. We found that increased frequencies of activated cytokine-producing NK cells are associated with increased disease severity and independently predict poor clinical outcome in patients with ALL. Our studies highlight the benefits of developing NK cell profiling as a diagnostic tool to predict clinical outcome in patients with ALL and underscore the clinical potential of allogeneic NK cell infusions to prevent ALL recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Duault
- The Human Immune Monitoring Center, Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA
| | - Adeleh Taghi Khani
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA
| | - Sung June Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA
| | - Min Huang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Christian Hurtz
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Bryan Manning
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lucy Ghoda
- Department of Hematological Malignancies and Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Tinisha McDonald
- Department of Hematological Malignancies and Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Norman J Lacayo
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Kathleen M Sakamoto
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Martin Carroll
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sarah K Tasian
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; and
| | - Guido Marcucci
- Department of Hematological Malignancies and Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Michael A Caligiuri
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Holden T Maecker
- The Human Immune Monitoring Center, Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Srividya Swaminathan
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA
- Department of Hematological Malignancies and Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
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99797
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Zhou Y, Li K, Zou X, Hua Z, Wang H, Bian W, Wang H, Chen F, Dai T. LncRNA DHRS4-AS1 ameliorates hepatocellular carcinoma by suppressing proliferation and promoting apoptosis via miR-522-3p/SOCS5 axis. Bioengineered 2021; 12:10862-10877. [PMID: 34666613 PMCID: PMC8809963 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1994719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen much effect in revealing the pathological association between lncRNA and HCC. Herein, we identified lncRNA DHRS4-AS1 as a potential tumor suppressor in HCC. Firstly, it was discovered that DHRS4-AS1 was significantly down-regulated in HCC tissues compared to normal tissues based on the database TCGA. It was also detected in a lower-than-usual expression quantity in HCC tissues we collected and HCC cell lines. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that high expression of DHRS4-AS1 contributed to higher overall survival rate of HCC patients.DHRS4-AS1 expression was significantly correlated to tumor size (P = 0.02) and TNM stage (P = 0.045). CCK-8, BrdU and colony-forming assays collectively demonstrated that overexpression of DHRS4-AS1 significantly restrained HCC cell proliferation. In vivo xenograft animal experiment showed that DHRS4-AS1 could efficiently preclude the tumor growth of HCC. Further investigation performed using flow cytometry and western blot showed that DHRS4-AS1 exerted its effects by accelerating cell apoptosis and capturing cell cycle in G0/G1 phase. Our study subsequently lucubrated that miR-522-3p was a negative target of DHRS4-AS1. Increased expression level of miR-522-3p was examined in HCC tissues and cell lines. Similarly, miR-522-3p mimics could reverse the inhibitory effect on HCC brought by DHRS4-AS1. SOCS5 was then discovered as a down-stream target of miR-522-3p, which suggested that SOCS5 participated in DHRS4-AS1/miR-522-3p axis to collectively mediate the development of HCC. Our study provides lncRNA DHRS4-AS1/miR-522-3p/SOCS5 axis as a novel target for HCC therapeutic strategy with potentiality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital, Affiliated Wuxi Clinical College of Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kuan Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuexia Zou
- Department of Operation Room, Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital, Affiliated Wuxi Clinical College of Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiyuan Hua
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital, Affiliated Wuxi Clinical College of Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital, Affiliated Wuxi Clinical College of Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wuyang Bian
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital, Affiliated Wuxi Clinical College of Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital, Affiliated Wuxi Clinical College of Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fangming Chen
- Department of Imagine, Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital, Affiliated Wuxi Clinical College of Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tu Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital, Affiliated Wuxi Clinical College of Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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99798
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de Schaetzen van Brienen L, Miclotte G, Larmuseau M, Van den Eynden J, Marchal K. Network-Based Analysis to Identify Drivers of Metastatic Prostate Cancer Using GoNetic. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5291. [PMID: 34771455 PMCID: PMC8582433 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Most known driver genes of metastatic prostate cancer are frequently mutated. To dig into the long tail of rarely mutated drivers, we performed network-based driver identification on the Hartwig Medical Foundation metastatic prostate cancer data set (HMF cohort). Hereto, we developed GoNetic, a method based on probabilistic pathfinding, to identify recurrently mutated subnetworks. In contrast to most state-of-the-art network-based methods, GoNetic can leverage sample-specific mutational information and the weights of the underlying prior network. When applied to the HMF cohort, GoNetic successfully recovered known primary and metastatic drivers of prostate cancer that are frequently mutated in the HMF cohort (TP53, RB1, and CTNNB1). In addition, the identified subnetworks contain frequently mutated genes, reflect processes related to metastatic prostate cancer, and contain rarely mutated driver candidates. To further validate these rarely mutated genes, we assessed whether the identified genes were more mutated in metastatic than in primary samples using an independent cohort. Then we evaluated their association with tumor evolution and with the lymph node status of the patients. This resulted in forwarding several novel putative driver genes for metastatic prostate cancer, some of which might be prognostic for disease evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise de Schaetzen van Brienen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (L.d.S.v.B.); (G.M.); (M.L.)
- Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University-IMEC, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Giles Miclotte
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (L.d.S.v.B.); (G.M.); (M.L.)
- Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University-IMEC, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maarten Larmuseau
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (L.d.S.v.B.); (G.M.); (M.L.)
- Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University-IMEC, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jimmy Van den Eynden
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Kathleen Marchal
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (L.d.S.v.B.); (G.M.); (M.L.)
- Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University-IMEC, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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99799
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Huang JY, Peng SF, Chueh FS, Chen PY, Huang YP, Huang WW, Chung JG. Melittin suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in human gastric cancer AGS cells via regulating Wnt/BMP associated pathway. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:2250-2262. [PMID: 34482401 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer has a poor prognosis; once cancer has metastasized, it can easily lead to patient death. Melittin is one of the major components extracted from the bee venom. It has been shown that melittin emerges antitumor activities against many human cancer cell lines. Our results indicated that melittin at 0.2-0.5 µm significantly reduced total cell viability in human gastric cancer AGS cells. At low concentrations (0.05-0.15 µm), melittin displayed antimetastasis effects and inhibited cell adhesion and colony formation. Besides, it inhibited cell motility and suppressed cell migration and invasion. Melittin inhibited the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and the integrity of cell membrane in AGS cells. Furthermore, Western blotting results showed that melittin decreased the protein expressions of Wnt/BMP and MMP-2 signaling pathways. Based on these observations, melittin inhibited cell migration and invasion of AGS cells through multiple signaling pathways. It may be used to treat metastasized gastric cancers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jye-Yu Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yuan Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Huang
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wen Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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99800
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Friedrich M. Deep Conservation of Hid-Like RHG Gene Family Homologs in Winged Insects Revealed by "Taxon Hopping" BLAST. Insects 2021; 12:957. [PMID: 34821758 DOI: 10.3390/insects12110957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Together with sickle (skl), the Drosophila paralogs reaper (rpr), head involution defective (hid), and grim (RHG) control a critical switch in the induction of programmed cell death. RHG homologs have been identified in other dipteran and lepidopteran species but not beyond. Revisiting this issue with a "taxon hopping" BLAST search strategy in current genome and transcriptome resources, I detected high confidence RHG homologs in Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Hemiptera, and Dictyoptera. Analyses of gene structure and protein sequence conservation revealed aconserved splicing pattern and highly conserved amino acid residues at both the N- and C-terminal ends that identify hid as the most ancestrally organized RHG gene family member in Drosophila. hid-like RHG homologs were also detected in mosquitoes, redefining their michelob_x (mx) genes as an expansion of derived RHG homologs. Only singleton homologs were detected in the large majority of other insect clades. Lepidopteran RHG homologs, however, stand out by producing an evolutionarily-derived splice isoform, identified in previous work, in addition to the newly detected hid-like isoform. Exceptional sequence diversification of select RHG homologs at the family- and genus-level explain their previous elusiveness in important insect genome model species like the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum and the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. Combined, these findings expand the minimal age of the RHG gene family by about 100 million years and open new avenues for molecular cell death studies in insects.
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