99901
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Ulrichsen KM, Kaufmann T, Dørum ES, Kolskår KK, Richard G, Alnæs D, Arneberg TJ, Westlye LT, Nordvik JE. Clinical Utility of Mindfulness Training in the Treatment of Fatigue After Stroke, Traumatic Brain Injury and Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis. Front Psychol 2016; 7:912. [PMID: 27445888 PMCID: PMC4917545 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatigue is a common symptom following neurological illnesses and injuries, and is rated as one of the most debilitating sequela in conditions such as stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Yet effective treatments are lacking, suggesting a pressing need for a better understanding of its etiology and mechanisms that may alleviate the symptoms. Recently mindfulness-based interventions have demonstrated promising results for fatigue symptom relief. OBJECTIVE Investigate the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions for fatigue across neurological conditions and acquired brain injuries. MATERIALS AND METHODS Systematic literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, and PsycINFO. We included randomized controlled trials applying mindfulness-based interventions in patients with neurological conditions or acquired brain injuries. Four studies (N = 257) were retained for meta-analysis. The studies included patients diagnosed with MS, TBI, and stroke. RESULTS The estimated effect size for the total sample was -0.37 (95% CI: -0.58, -0.17). CONCLUSION The results indicate that mindfulness-based interventions may relieve fatigue in neurological conditions such as stroke, TBI, and MS. However, the effect size is moderate, and further research is needed in order to determine the effect and improve our understanding of how mindfulness-based interventions affect fatigue symptom perception in patients with neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tobias Kaufmann
- KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, NORMENT: Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, OsloNorway
| | - Erlend S. Dørum
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, NesoddenNorway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, NORMENT: Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, OsloNorway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, OsloNorway
| | - Knut K. Kolskår
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, NesoddenNorway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, NORMENT: Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, OsloNorway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, OsloNorway
| | - Geneviève Richard
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, NesoddenNorway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, NORMENT: Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, OsloNorway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, OsloNorway
| | - Dag Alnæs
- KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, NORMENT: Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, OsloNorway
| | - Tone J. Arneberg
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, OsloNorway
| | - Lars T. Westlye
- KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, NORMENT: Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, OsloNorway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, OsloNorway
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99902
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D’souza S, Waldie KE, Peterson ER, Underwood L, Morton SMB. Psychometric Properties and Normative Data for the Preschool Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in Two-Year-Old Children. J Abnorm Child Psychol 2017; 45:345-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s10802-016-0176-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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99903
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Caynes RJC, Mitchell MGE, Wu DS, Johansen K, Rhodes JR. Using high-resolution LiDAR data to quantify the three-dimensional structure of vegetation in urban green space. Urban Ecosyst 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-016-0571-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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99904
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Abstract
How stable vs. dynamic is wisdom in daily life? We conducted a daily diary study of wise reasoning (WR) by recording people’s reflections on daily challenges in terms of three facets: intellectual humility, self-transcendence, and consideration of others’ perspectives/compromise. We observed substantial and systematic intraindividual variability in WR, with wiser reasoning in the social versus nonsocial contexts. State-level WR variability was potent in predicting a bigger-picture construal of the event, more positive (vs. negative) emotions, greater emotional complexity, lower emotional reactivity, less thought suppression, and more reappraisal and forgiveness. In contrast, on the trait level, we observed only a few associations to emotional complexity and reappraisal. We discuss implications for conceptualization and measurement of wisdom-related thought.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tanja M. Gerlach
- Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Leibniz Science Campus “Primate Cognition,” Göttingen, Germany
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99905
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Pineda MC, Lorente B, López-Legentil S, Palacín C, Turon X. Stochasticity in space, persistence in time: genetic heterogeneity in harbour populations of the introduced ascidian Styela plicata. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2158. [PMID: 27366653 PMCID: PMC4924124 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatio-temporal changes in genetic structure among populations provide crucial information on the dynamics of secondary spread for introduced marine species. However, temporal components have rarely been taken into consideration when studying the population genetics of non-indigenous species. This study analysed the genetic structure of Styela plicata, a solitary ascidian introduced in harbours and marinas of tropical and temperate waters, across spatial and temporal scales. A fragment of the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I (COI) was sequenced from 395 individuals collected at 9 harbours along the NW Mediterranean coast and adjacent Atlantic waters (> 1,200 km range) at two time points 5 years apart (2009 and 2014). The levels of gene diversity were relatively low for all 9 locations in both years. Analyses of genetic differentiation and distribution of molecular variance revealed strong genetic structure, with significant differences among many populations, but no significant differences among years. A weak and marginally significant correlation between geographic distance and gene differentiation was found. Our results revealed spatial structure and temporal genetic homogeneity in S. plicata, suggesting a limited role of recurrent, vessel-mediated transport of organisms among small to medium-size harbours. Our study area is representative of many highly urbanized coasts with dense harbours. In these environments, the episodic chance arrival of colonisers appears to determine the genetic structure of harbour populations and the genetic composition of these early colonising individuals persists in the respective harbours, at least over moderate time frames (five years) that encompass ca. 20 generations of S. plicata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari-Carmen Pineda
- Department of Animal Biology and Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBIO), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Sustainable Coastal Ecosystems & Industry in Tropical Australia, Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Beatriz Lorente
- Department of Animal Biology and Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBIO), University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Susanna López-Legentil
- Department of Biology & Marine Biology and Center for Marine Science, University of North Carolina Wilmington , Wilmington, North Carolina , United States
| | - Creu Palacín
- Department of Animal Biology and Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBIO), University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Xavier Turon
- Department of Marine Ecology, Centre for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB-CSIC) , Blanes, Girona , Spain
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99906
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Borghardt JM, Weber B, Staab A, Kunz C, Kloft C. Model-based evaluation of pulmonary pharmacokinetics in asthmatic and COPD patients after oral olodaterol inhalation. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 82:739-53. [PMID: 27145733 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Olodaterol is an orally inhaled β2 -agonist for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aims of this population pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis were: (1) to investigate systemic PK and thereby make inferences about pulmonary PK in asthmatic patients, COPD patients and healthy volunteers, and (2) to assess whether differences in pulmonary efficacy might be expected based on pulmonary PK characteristics. METHODS Plasma and urine data after olodaterol inhalation were available from six clinical trials comprising 710 patients and healthy volunteers (single and multiple dosing). To investigate the relevance of covariates, full fixed-effect modelling was applied based on a previously developed healthy volunteer systemic disposition model. RESULTS A pulmonary model with three parallel absorption processes best described PK after inhalation in patients. The pulmonary bioavailable fraction (PBIO) was 48.7% (46.1-51.3%, 95% confidence interval) in asthma, and 53.6% (51.1-56.2%) in COPD. In asthma 87.2% (85.4-88.8%) of PBIO was slowly absorbed with an absorption half-life of 18.5 h (16.3-21.4 h), whereas in COPD 80.1% (78.0-82.2%) was absorbed with a half-life of 37.8 h (31.1-47.8 h). In healthy volunteers absorption was faster, with a half-life of 18.5 h (16.3-21.4 h) of the slowest absorbed process, which characterized 74.6% (69.1-80.2%) of PBIO. CONCLUSIONS The modelling approach successfully described data after olodaterol inhalation in patients and healthy volunteers. Slow pulmonary absorption was demonstrated both in asthma and COPD. Absorption characteristics after olodaterol inhalation indicated even more beneficial lung targeting in patients compared to healthy volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Markus Borghardt
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 12169, Berlin, Germany.,Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Benjamin Weber
- Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Alexander Staab
- Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Christina Kunz
- Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Charlotte Kloft
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 12169, Berlin, Germany
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99907
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Rizzi F, Conti C, Dogliotti E, Terranegra A, Salvi E, Braga D, Ricca F, Lupoli S, Mingione A, Pivari F, Brasacchio C, Barcella M, Chittani M, D'Avila F, Turiel M, Lazzaroni M, Soldati L, Cusi D, Barlassina C. Interaction between polyphenols intake and PON1 gene variants on markers of cardiovascular disease: a nutrigenetic observational study. J Transl Med 2016; 14:186. [PMID: 27338244 PMCID: PMC4918189 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0941-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) gene polymorphisms and polyphenols intake have been reported independently associated to lipid profile and susceptibility to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. However, the interaction between these factors remains to be investigated. We performed an observational nutrigenetic study to examine whether the interaction between polyphenols and anthocyanins intake and PON1 genetic variants can modulate biomarkers of cardiovascular health in an Italian healthy population. Methods We recruited 443 healthy volunteers who participated in the EC funded ATHENA project (AnThocyanin and polyphenols bioactive for Health Enhancement through Nutritional Advancement). Data collection included detailed demographic, clinical, dietary, lifestyle, biochemical and genetic data. Polyphenols and anthocyanins intake was measured by 24 h dietary recall repeated three times a year in order to get seasonal variations. We tested the interaction between 18 independent tagging SNPs in PON1 gene and polyphenols intake on HDL, LDL, cholesterol, triglycerides and atherogenic index of plasma. Results Without considering the genetic background, we could not observe significant differences in the lipid profile between high and low polyphenols and anthocyanins intake. Using a nutrigenetic approach, we identified protective genotypes in four independent polymorphisms that, at Bonferroni level (p ≤ 0.0028), present a significant association with increased HDL level under high polyphenols and anthocyanins intake, compared to risk genotypes (rs854549, Beta = 4.7 per C allele; rs854552, Beta = 5.6 per C allele; rs854571, Beta = 3.92 per T allele; rs854572, Beta = 3.94 per C allele). Conclusions We highlight the protective role of genetic variants in PON1 towards cardiovascular risk under high polyphenols and anthocyanins consumption. PON1 variants could represent novel biomarkers to stratify individuals who might benefit from targeted dietary recommendation for health promotion and strategies of preventive medicine. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-016-0941-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Rizzi
- Genomics and Bionformatics Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, viale Ortles 22/4, Milan, Italy
| | - Costanza Conti
- Genomics and Bionformatics Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, viale Ortles 22/4, Milan, Italy.,Kos Genetic srl, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Dogliotti
- Division of Nephrology, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Via Antonio di Rudinì 8, Milan, Italy.,Fondazione Umberto Veronesi, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Terranegra
- Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medical Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Erika Salvi
- Genomics and Bionformatics Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, viale Ortles 22/4, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Braga
- Genomics and Bionformatics Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, viale Ortles 22/4, Milan, Italy
| | - Flavia Ricca
- Division of Nephrology, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Via Antonio di Rudinì 8, Milan, Italy.,Sport Medicine Division, Department of Public Health, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Lupoli
- Genomics and Bionformatics Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, viale Ortles 22/4, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Mingione
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Antonio di Rudinì 8, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Pivari
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Antonio di Rudinì 8, Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina Brasacchio
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Antonio di Rudinì 8, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Barcella
- Genomics and Bionformatics Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, viale Ortles 22/4, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Chittani
- Genomics and Bionformatics Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, viale Ortles 22/4, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca D'Avila
- Genomics and Bionformatics Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, viale Ortles 22/4, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Turiel
- IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Via Riccardo Galeazzi, 4, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Lazzaroni
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology and Medical Genetics, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Soldati
- Genomics and Bionformatics Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, viale Ortles 22/4, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Cusi
- Division of Nephrology, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Via Antonio di Rudinì 8, Milan, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Antonio di Rudinì 8, Milan, Italy.,Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Italian National Centre of Research, Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Barlassina
- Genomics and Bionformatics Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, viale Ortles 22/4, Milan, Italy.
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99908
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Samplonius JM, Kappers EF, Brands S, Both C. Phenological mismatch and ontogenetic diet shifts interactively affect offspring condition in a passerine. J Anim Ecol 2016; 85:1255-64. [PMID: 27263989 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Climate change may cause phenological asynchrony between trophic levels, which can lead to mismatched reproduction in animals. Although indirect effects of mismatch on fitness are well described, direct effects on parental prey choice are not. Moreover, direct effects of prey variation on offspring condition throughout their early development are understudied. Here, we used camera trap data collected over 2 years to study the effects of trophic mismatch and nestling age on prey choice in pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca). Furthermore, we studied the effect of mismatch and variation in nestling diet on offspring condition. Both experimentally induced and natural mismatches with the caterpillar peak negatively affected absolute and relative numbers of caterpillars and offspring condition (mass, tarsus and wing length) and positively affected absolute and relative numbers of flying insects in the nestling diet. Feeding more flying insects was negatively correlated with nestling day 12 mass. Both descriptive and experimental data showed preferential feeding of spiders when nestlings were <7 days old. Receiving more spiders during this phase was positively correlated with tarsus growth. These results highlight the need for a more inclusive framework to study phenological mismatch in nature. The general focus on only one prey type, the rarity of studies that measure environmental abundance of prey, and the lack of timing experiments in dietary studies currently hamper understanding of the actual trophic interactions that affect fitness under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelmer M Samplonius
- Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 11103, 9700CC, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elena F Kappers
- Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 11103, 9700CC, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stef Brands
- Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 11103, 9700CC, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christiaan Both
- Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 11103, 9700CC, Groningen, The Netherlands
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99909
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Spensieri F, Siena E, Borgogni E, Zedda L, Cantisani R, Chiappini N, Schiavetti F, Rosa D, Castellino F, Montomoli E, Bodinham CL, Lewis DJ, Medini D, Bertholet S, Del Giudice G. Early Rise of Blood T Follicular Helper Cell Subsets and Baseline Immunity as Predictors of Persisting Late Functional Antibody Responses to Vaccination in Humans. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157066. [PMID: 27336786 PMCID: PMC4918887 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T follicular helper cells (TFH) have been identified as the T-cell subset specialized in providing help to B cells for optimal activation and production of high affinity antibody. We recently demonstrated that the expansion of peripheral blood influenza-specific CD4+IL-21+ICOS1+ T helper (TH) cells, three weeks after vaccination, associated with and predicted the rise of protective neutralizing antibodies to avian H5N1. In this study, healthy adults were vaccinated with plain seasonal trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIIV), MF59®-adjuvanted TIIV (ATIIV), or saline placebo. Frequencies of circulating CD4+ TFH1 ICOS+ TFH cells and H1N1-specific CD4+IL-21+ICOS+ CXCR5+ TFH and CXCR5- TH cell subsets were determined at various time points after vaccination and were then correlated with hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers. All three CD4+ T cell subsets expanded in response to TIIV and ATIIV, and peaked 7 days after vaccination. To demonstrate that these TFH cell subsets correlated with functional antibody titers, we defined an alternative endpoint metric, decorrelated HI (DHI), which removed any correlation between day 28/day 168 and day 0 HI titers, to control for the effect of preexisting immunity to influenza vaccine strains. The numbers of total circulating CD4+ TFH1 ICOS+ cells and of H1N1-specific CD4+IL-21+ICOS+ CXCR5+, measured at day 7, were significantly associated with day 28, and day 28 and 168 DHI titers, respectively. Altogether, our results show that CD4+ TFH subsets may represent valuable biomarkers of vaccine-induced long-term functional immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emilio Siena
- Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics S.r.l., Siena, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Domenico Rosa
- Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics S.r.l., Siena, Italy
| | | | - Emanuele Montomoli
- Departement of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, & VisMederi S.r.l., Siena, Italy
| | - Caroline L. Bodinham
- Surrey Clinical Research Center, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Lewis
- Surrey Clinical Research Center, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Duccio Medini
- Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics S.r.l., Siena, Italy
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99910
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Pasquier G, Grüter C. Individual learning performance and exploratory activity are linked to colony foraging success in a mass-recruiting ant. Behav Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arw079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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99911
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Baker D, Barrett S, Beale CM, Crawford TJ, Ellis S, Gullett T, Mayhew PJ, Parsons MS, Relf P, Robertson P, Small J, Wainwright D. Decline of a Rare Moth at Its Last Known English Site: Causes and Lessons for Conservation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157423. [PMID: 27333285 PMCID: PMC4917207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The conditions required by rare species are often only approximately known. Monitoring such species over time can help refine management of their protected areas. We report population trends of a rare moth, the Dark Bordered Beauty Epione vespertaria (Linnaeus, 1767) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) at its last known English site on a protected lowland heath, and those of its host-plant, Salix repens (L.) (Malpighiales: Salicaceae). Between 2007 and 2014, adult moth density reduced by an average of 30–35% annually over the monitored area, and its range over the monitored area contracted in concert. By comparing data from before this decline (2005) with data taken in 2013, we show that the density of host-plants over the monitored area reduced three-fold overall, and ten-fold in the areas of highest host-plant density. In addition, plants were significantly smaller in 2013. In 2005, moth larvae tended to be found on plants that were significantly larger than average at the time. By 2013, far fewer plants were of an equivalent size. This suggests that the rapid decline of the moth population coincides with, and is likely driven by, changes in the host-plant population. Why the host-plant population has changed remains less certain, but fire, frost damage and grazing damage have probably contributed. It is likely that a reduction in grazing pressure in parts of the site would aid host-plant recovery, although grazing remains an important site management activity. Our work confirms the value of constant monitoring of rare or priority insect species, of the risks posed to species with few populations even when their populations are large, of the potential conflict between bespoke management for species and generic management of habitats, and hence the value of refining our knowledge of rare species’ requirements so that their needs can be incorporated into the management of protected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Baker
- Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union Lepidoptera Group, Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union, York, United Kingdom
- Butterfly Conservation, Yorkshire Branch, York, United Kingdom
| | - Sinead Barrett
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Colin M. Beale
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Terry J. Crawford
- Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union Lepidoptera Group, Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union, York, United Kingdom
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Ellis
- Butterfly Conservation, East Lulworth, Wareham, Dorset, United Kingdom
| | | | - Peter J. Mayhew
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Mark S. Parsons
- Butterfly Conservation, East Lulworth, Wareham, Dorset, United Kingdom
| | - Penny Relf
- Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union Lepidoptera Group, Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union, York, United Kingdom
- Butterfly Conservation, Yorkshire Branch, York, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Robertson
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | | | - Dave Wainwright
- Butterfly Conservation, East Lulworth, Wareham, Dorset, United Kingdom
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99912
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Sennhenn-Reulen H, Kneib T. Structured fusion lasso penalized multi-state models. Stat Med 2016; 35:4637-4659. [PMID: 27334132 DOI: 10.1002/sim.7017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Multi-state models generalize survival or duration time analysis to the estimation of transition-specific hazard rate functions for multiple transitions. When each of the transition-specific risk functions is parametrized with several distinct covariate effect coefficients, this leads to a model of potentially high dimension. To decrease the parameter space dimensionality and to work out a clear image of the underlying multi-state model structure, one can either aim at setting some coefficients to zero or to make coefficients for the same covariate but two different transitions equal. The first issue can be approached by penalizing the absolute values of the covariate coefficients as in lasso regularization. If, instead, absolute differences between coefficients of the same covariate on different transitions are penalized, this leads to sparse competing risk relations within a multi-state model, that is, equality of covariate effect coefficients. In this paper, a new estimation approach providing sparse multi-state modelling by the aforementioned principles is established, based on the estimation of multi-state models and a simultaneous penalization of the L1 -norm of covariate coefficients and their differences in a structured way. The new multi-state modelling approach is illustrated on peritoneal dialysis study data and implemented in the R package penMSM. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Sennhenn-Reulen
- Chair of Statistics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. .,Leibniz-ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany. .,Cognitive Ethology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Thomas Kneib
- Chair of Statistics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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99913
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Abstract
This study tested whether specific dark-side traits may be beneficial in manifesting and maintaining Resilience, whilst others are vulnerability factors for Burnout. Four hundred and fifty-one (50 female) ambulance personnel completed three questionnaires as a part of a selection and development assessment. The study utilised the Hogan Development survey as a measure of dark side personality, the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory to assess work-related burnout, and the Resilience Scale- 14 to measure resilience levels. Those high on Excitable and Cautious but low on Bold and Reserved were linked to an increased vulnerability to Burnout. Also those high on Bold and Diligent yet low on the Excitable, Cautious, and Imaginative scales were more resilient. Structural Equation Modelling revealed that resilience plays both a mediating and moderating role on personality and burnout. Theoretical implications suggest future research assessing the predictive capacity of psychological variables on burnout should account the indirect effect of resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Treglown
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kat Palaiou
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Adrian Furnham
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Norwegian Business School (BI), Nydalveien, Olso, Norway
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99914
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99915
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Shkalim E, Almagor M, Ben-Porath YS. Examining Current Conceptualizations of Psychopathology With the MMPI–2/MMPI–2–RF Restructured Clinical Scales: Preliminary Findings From a Cross-Cultural Study. J Pers Assess 2016; 99:375-383. [DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2016.1189429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Moshe Almagor
- Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Israel
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99916
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Koch F, Signer J, Kappeler PM, Fichtel C. The role of the residence-effect on the outcome of intergroup encounters in Verreaux's sifakas. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28457. [PMID: 27328940 DOI: 10.1038/srep28457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intergroup competition has an important impact on the survival and fitness of individuals in group-living species. However, factors influencing the probability of winning an encounter are not fully understood. We studied the influence of numerical advantage and location of the encounter on the chances of winning in eight neighboring groups of Verreaux’s sifakas (Propithecus verreauxi), in Kirindy Forest, western Madagascar. Intergroup encounters were inferred from spatial data collected via GPS loggers over a period of two years. Location, i.e., the proximity to the respective core area, rather than the numerical advantage of a group in a given encounter, influenced the probability of winning. Accordingly, the high value that resident groups attribute to exclusive and intensively used areas increased their motivation in defending these locations against intruders. Moreover, losers used the encounter area less often than winners within a month after the encounter, suggesting that losing also entails long-term costs. Thus, our results suggest that in gregarious animals the particular circumstances of each encounter, such as the location, can outweigh group characteristics and predict the chances of winning an intergroup encounter.
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99917
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Paredes U, Radersma R, Cannell N, While GM, Uller T. Low Incubation Temperature Induces DNA Hypomethylation in Lizard Brains. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 325:390-5. [PMID: 27328739 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Developmental stress can have organizational effects on suites of physiological, morphological, and behavioral characteristics. In lizards, incubation temperature is perhaps the most significant environmental variable affecting embryonic development. Wall lizards (Podarcis muralis) recently introduced by humans from Italy to England experience stressfully cool incubation conditions, which we here show reduce growth and increase the incidence of scale malformations. Using a methylation-sensitive AFLP protocol optimized for vertebrates, we demonstrate that this low incubation temperature also causes hypomethylation of DNA in brain tissue. A consistent pattern across methylation-susceptible AFLP loci suggests that hypomethylation is a general response and not limited to certain CpG sites. The functional consequences of hypomethylation are unknown, but it could contribute to genome stability and regulation of gene expression. Further studies of the effects of incubation temperature on DNA methylation in ectotherm vertebrates may reveal mechanisms that explain why the embryonic thermal environment often has physiological and behavioral consequences for offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Paredes
- Edward Grey Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Reinder Radersma
- Edward Grey Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Naomi Cannell
- Edward Grey Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Geoffrey M While
- Edward Grey Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Tobias Uller
- Edward Grey Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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99918
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Haran JP, Wu G, Bucci V, Fischer A, Keang L, Boyer EW, Hibberd PL. Antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in emergency department observation unit patients. Epidemiol Infect 2016; 144:2176-83. [PMID: 27324463 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268816000200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium difficile diarrhoea is an urgent threat to patients, but little is known about the role of antibiotic administration that starts in emergency department observation units (EDOUs). We studied risk factors for antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (AAD) and C. difficile infection (CDI) in EDOU patients. This prospective cohort study enrolled adult patients discharged after EDOU antibiotic treatment between January 2013 and 2014. We obtained medical histories, EDOU treatment and occurrence of AAD and CDI over 28 days after discharge. We enrolled and followed 275 patients treated with antibiotics in the EDOU. We found that 52 (18·6%) developed AAD and four (1·5%) had CDI. Patients treated with vancomycin [relative risk (RR) 0·52, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·3-0·9] were less likely to develop AAD. History of developing diarrhoea with antibiotics (RR 3·11, 95% CI 1·92-5·03) and currently failing antibiotics (RR 1·90, 95% CI 1·14-3·16) were also predictors of AAD. Patients with CDI were likely to be treated with clindamycin. In conclusion, AAD occurred in almost 20% of EDOU patients with risk factors including a previous history of diarrhoea with antibiotics and prior antibiotic therapy, while the risk of AAD was lower in patients receiving treatment regimens utilizing intravenous vancomycin.
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99919
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Abstract
We present Chinese translation norms for 1,429 English words. Chinese-English bilinguals (N = 28) were asked to provide the first Chinese translation that came to mind for 1,429 English words. The results revealed that 71 % of the English words received more than one correct translation indicating the large amount of translation ambiguity when translating from English to Chinese. The relationship between translation ambiguity and word frequency, concreteness and language proficiency was investigated. Although the significant correlations were not strong, results revealed that English word frequency was positively correlated with the number of alternative translations, whereas English word concreteness was negatively correlated with the number of translations. Importantly, regression analyses showed that the number of Chinese translations was predicted by word frequency and concreteness. Furthermore, an interaction between these predictors revealed that the number of translations was more affected by word frequency for more concrete words than for less concrete words. In addition, mixed-effects modelling showed that word frequency, concreteness and English language proficiency were all significant predictors of whether or not a dominant translation was provided. Finally, correlations between the word frequencies of English words and their Chinese dominant translations were higher for translation-unambiguous pairs than for translation-ambiguous pairs. The translation norms are made available in a database together with lexical information about the words, which will be a useful resource for researchers investigating Chinese-English bilingual language processing.
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99920
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Meskenaite V, Krackow S, Lipp HP. Age-Dependent Neurogenesis and Neuron Numbers within the Olfactory Bulb and Hippocampus of Homing Pigeons. Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 10:126. [PMID: 27445724 PMCID: PMC4916210 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many birds are supreme long-distance navigators that develop their navigational ability in the first months after fledgling but update the memorized environmental information needed for navigation also later in life. We studied the extent of juvenile and adult neurogenesis that could provide such age-related plasticity in brain regions known to mediate different mechanisms of pigeon homing: the olfactory bulb (OB), and the triangular area of the hippocampal formation (HP tr). Newly generated neurons (visualized by doublecortin, DCX) and mature neurons were counted stereologically in 35 pigeon brains ranging from 1 to 168 months of age. At the age of 1 month, both areas showed maximal proportions of DCX positive neurons, which rapidly declined during the first year of life. In the OB, the number of DCX-positive periglomerular neurons declined further over time, but the number of mature periglomerular cells appeared unchanged. In the hippocampus, the proportion of DCX-positive neurons showed a similar decline yet to a lesser extent. Remarkably, in the triangular area of the hippocampus, the oldest birds showed nearly twice the number of neurons as compared to young adult pigeons, suggesting that adult born neurons in these regions expanded the local circuitry even in aged birds. This increase might reflect navigational experience and, possibly, expanded spatial memory. On the other hand, the decrease of juvenile neurons in the aging OB without adding new circuitry might be related to the improved attachment to the loft characterizing adult and old pigeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Meskenaite
- Institute of Anatomy, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland; The Interface Group, Institute of Physiology, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland
| | - Sven Krackow
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Peter Lipp
- Institute of Anatomy, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland; Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Kwazulu-Natal UniversityDurban, South Africa; Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland
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99921
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Buchler N, Fitzhugh SM, Marusich LR, Ungvarsky DM, Lebiere C, Gonzalez C. Mission Command in the Age of Network-Enabled Operations: Social Network Analysis of Information Sharing and Situation Awareness. Front Psychol 2016; 7:937. [PMID: 27445905 PMCID: PMC4916213 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A common assumption in organizations is that information sharing improves situation awareness and ultimately organizational effectiveness. The sheer volume and rapid pace of information and communications received and readily accessible through computer networks, however, can overwhelm individuals, resulting in data overload from a combination of diverse data sources, multiple data formats, and large data volumes. The current conceptual framework of network enabled operations (NEO) posits that robust networking and information sharing act as a positive feedback loop resulting in greater situation awareness and mission effectiveness in military operations (Alberts and Garstka, 2004). We test this assumption in a large-scale, 2-week military training exercise. We conducted a social network analysis of email communications among the multi-echelon Mission Command staff (one Division and two sub-ordinate Brigades) and assessed the situational awareness of every individual. Results from our exponential random graph models challenge the aforementioned assumption, as increased email output was associated with lower individual situation awareness. It emerged that higher situation awareness was associated with a lower probability of out-ties, so that broadly sending many messages decreased the likelihood of attaining situation awareness. This challenges the hypothesis that increased information sharing improves situation awareness, at least for those doing the bulk of the sharing. In addition, we observed two trends that reflect a compartmentalizing of networked information sharing as email links were more commonly formed among members of the command staff with both similar functions and levels of situation awareness, than between two individuals with dissimilar functions and levels of situation awareness; both those findings can be interpreted to reflect effects of homophily. Our results have major implications that challenge the current conceptual framework of NEO. In addition, the information sharing network was largely imbalanced and dominated by a few key individuals so that most individuals in the network have very few email connections, but a small number of individuals have very many connections. These results highlight several major growing pains for networked organizations and military organizations in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbou Buchler
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA
| | - Sean M Fitzhugh
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Christian Lebiere
- Department of Social and Decision Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Cleotilde Gonzalez
- Department of Social and Decision Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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99922
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Kang G, Du L, Zhang H. multiDE: a dimension reduced model based statistical method for differential expression analysis using RNA-sequencing data with multiple treatment conditions. BMC Bioinformatics 2016; 17:248. [PMID: 27334001 PMCID: PMC4917940 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-016-1111-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The growing complexity of biological experiment design based on high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is calling for more accommodative statistical tools. We focus on differential expression (DE) analysis using RNA-seq data in the presence of multiple treatment conditions. Results We propose a novel method, multiDE, for facilitating DE analysis using RNA-seq read count data with multiple treatment conditions. The read count is assumed to follow a log-linear model incorporating two factors (i.e., condition and gene), where an interaction term is used to quantify the association between gene and condition. The number of the degrees of freedom is reduced to one through the first order decomposition of the interaction, leading to a dramatically power improvement in testing DE genes when the number of conditions is greater than two. In our simulation situations, multiDE outperformed the benchmark methods (i.e. edgeR and DESeq2) even if the underlying model was severely misspecified, and the power gain was increasing in the number of conditions. In the application to two real datasets, multiDE identified more biologically meaningful DE genes than the benchmark methods. An R package implementing multiDE is available publicly at http://homepage.fudan.edu.cn/zhangh/softwares/multiDE. Conclusions When the number of conditions is two, multiDE performs comparably with the benchmark methods. When the number of conditions is greater than two, multiDE outperforms the benchmark methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangliang Kang
- Institute of Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Du
- Institute of Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China.
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99923
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Lionetti F, Keijsers L, Dellagiulia A, Pastore M. Evidence of Factorial Validity of Parental Knowledge, Control and Solicitation, and Adolescent Disclosure Scales: When the Ordered Nature of Likert Scales Matters. Front Psychol 2016; 7:941. [PMID: 27445909 PMCID: PMC4916221 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
For evaluating monitoring and parent-adolescent communication, a set of scales addressing parental knowledge, control and solicitation, and adolescent disclosure was proposed by Kerr and Stattin (2000). Although these scales have been widely disseminated, their psychometric proprieties have often been found to be unsatisfactory, raising questions about their validity. The current study examines whether their poor psychometric properties, which are mainly attributed to the relatively poor conceptual quality of the items, could have been caused by the use of less-than-optimal analytical estimation methods. A cross-validation approach is used on a sample of 1071 adolescents. Maximum likelihood (ML) is compared with the diagonal weighted least squares (DWLS) method, which is suitable for Likert scales. The results of the DWLS approach lead to a more optimal fit than that obtained using ML estimation. The DWLS methodology may represent a useful option for researchers using these scales because it corrects for their unreliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Lionetti
- Department of Biological and Experimental Psychology, Queen Mary University of London London, UK
| | - Loes Keijsers
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Antonio Dellagiulia
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of PaviaPavia, Italy; Department of Psychology, Salesian UniversityRome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Pastore
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova Padova, Italy
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99924
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Seligman B, Greenberg G, Tuljapurkar S. Convergence in male and female life expectancy: Direction, age pattern, and causes. DemRes 2016; 34:1063-74. [DOI: 10.4054/demres.2016.34.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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99925
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Dinc E, Tian L, Roy LM, Roth R, Goodenough U, Croce R. LHCSR1 induces a fast and reversible pH-dependent fluorescence quenching in LHCII in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:7673-8. [PMID: 27335457 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1605380113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To avoid photodamage, photosynthetic organisms are able to thermally dissipate the energy absorbed in excess in a process known as nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ). Although NPQ has been studied extensively, the major players and the mechanism of quenching remain debated. This is a result of the difficulty in extracting molecular information from in vivo experiments and the absence of a validation system for in vitro experiments. Here, we have created a minimal cell of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that is able to undergo NPQ. We show that LHCII, the main light harvesting complex of algae, cannot switch to a quenched conformation in response to pH changes by itself. Instead, a small amount of the protein LHCSR1 (light-harvesting complex stress related 1) is able to induce a large, fast, and reversible pH-dependent quenching in an LHCII-containing membrane. These results strongly suggest that LHCSR1 acts as pH sensor and that it modulates the excited state lifetimes of a large array of LHCII, also explaining the NPQ observed in the LHCSR3-less mutant. The possible quenching mechanisms are discussed.
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99926
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Kondylis ED, Randazzo MJ, Alhourani A, Lipski WJ, Wozny TA, Pandya Y, Ghuman AS, Turner RS, Crammond DJ, Richardson RM. Movement-related dynamics of cortical oscillations in Parkinson's disease and essential tremor. Brain 2016; 139:2211-23. [PMID: 27329771 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent electrocorticography data have demonstrated excessive coupling of beta-phase to gamma-amplitude in primary motor cortex and that deep brain stimulation facilitates motor improvement by decreasing baseline phase-amplitude coupling. However, both the dynamic modulation of phase-amplitude coupling during movement and the general cortical neurophysiology of other movement disorders, such as essential tremor, are relatively unexplored. To clarify the relationship of these interactions in cortical oscillatory activity to movement and disease state, we recorded local field potentials from hand sensorimotor cortex using subdural electrocorticography during a visually cued, incentivized handgrip task in subjects with Parkinson's disease (n = 11), with essential tremor (n = 9) and without a movement disorder (n = 6). We demonstrate that abnormal coupling of the phase of low frequency oscillations to the amplitude of gamma oscillations is not specific to Parkinson's disease, but also occurs in essential tremor, most prominently for the coupling of alpha to gamma oscillations. Movement kinematics were not significantly different between these groups, allowing us to show for the first time that robust alpha and beta desynchronization is a shared feature of sensorimotor cortical activity in Parkinson's disease and essential tremor, with the greatest high-beta desynchronization occurring in Parkinson's disease and the greatest alpha desynchronization occurring in essential tremor. We also show that the spatial extent of cortical phase-amplitude decoupling during movement is much greater in subjects with Parkinson's disease and essential tremor than in subjects without a movement disorder. These findings suggest that subjects with Parkinson's disease and essential tremor can produce movements that are kinematically similar to those of subjects without a movement disorder by reducing excess sensorimotor cortical phase-amplitude coupling that is characteristic of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathios D Kondylis
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael J Randazzo
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ahmad Alhourani
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Witold J Lipski
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Thomas A Wozny
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yash Pandya
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Avniel S Ghuman
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 2 Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 3 Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 4 University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robert S Turner
- 2 Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 3 Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 4 University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Donald J Crammond
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - R M Richardson
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 2 Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 3 Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 4 University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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99927
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Furey EM, O’Hora D, McNamara J, Kinsella S, Noone C. The Roles of Financial Threat, Social Support, Work Stress, and Mental Distress in Dairy Farmers' Expectations of Injury. Front Public Health 2016; 4:126. [PMID: 27446893 PMCID: PMC4914495 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2016.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Farming is dangerous, with fatalities among the highest in any occupation. Farmers often work alone, for long hours, with unreliable equipment and in difficult weather conditions with hazardous chemicals and livestock. In addition, farmers make large financial commitments exposing them to high levels of financial risk. Exposure to such financial risk can give rise to subjective experiences of financial threat (FT) that are psychologically challenging. The current study attempted to characterize the role that FT plays in farm injuries. One hundred and twenty one dairy farmers completed a battery of questionnaires assessing FT, social support (SS), depression, anxiety, farm job stress, and health and safety beliefs. Mental distress directly predicted farmers' expectations of injury and a direct effect of non-financial farm stress (FS) approached significance. Mental distress mediated these relationships as evidenced by significant indirect effects of FS and FT, and SS served to reduce distress. These findings support calls for interventions designed to reduce FS and FT and increase SS for farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia M. Furey
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Denis O’Hora
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - John McNamara
- Teagasc, Kildalton College, Piltown, Kilkenny, Ireland
| | - Stephen Kinsella
- Department of Economics, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Chris Noone
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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99928
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Sutter A, Lindholm AK. Meiotic drive changes sperm precedence patterns in house mice: potential for male alternative mating tactics? BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:133. [PMID: 27328665 PMCID: PMC4915163 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0710-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With female multiple mating (polyandry), male-male competition extends to after copulation (sperm competition). Males respond to this selective pressure through physiological, morphological and behavioural adaptations. Sperm competitiveness is commonly decreased in heterozygote carriers of male meiotic drivers, selfish genetic elements that manipulate the production of gametes in males. This might give carriers an evolutionary incentive to reduce the risk of sperm competition. Here, we explore this possibility in house mice. Natural populations frequently harbour a well-characterised male driver (t haplotype), which is transmitted to 90 % of heterozygous (+/t) males' offspring. Previous research demonstrated strong detrimental effects on sperm competitiveness, and suggested that +/t males are particularly disadvantaged against wild type males when first-to-mate. Low paternity success in the first-to-mate role is expected to favour male adaptations that decrease the risk of sperm competition by preventing female remating. Genotype-specific paternity patterns (sperm precedence) could lead to genetically determined alternative reproductive tactics that can spread through gene level selection. Here, we seek confirmation that +/t males are generally disadvantaged when first-to-mate and address whether males of different genotypes differ in reproductive tactics (copulatory and morphological) to maximise individual or driver fitness. Finally, we attempt to explain the mechanistic basis for alternative sperm precedence patterns in this species. RESULTS We confirmed that +/t males are weak sperm competitors when first to mate. When two +/t males competed, the second-to-mate was more successful, which contrasts with first male sperm precedence when wild type males competed. However, we found no differences between male genotypes in reproductive behaviour or morphology that were consistent with alternative reproductive tactics. Sperm of +/+ and +/t males differed with respect to in vitro sperm features. Premature hypermotility in +/t males' sperm can potentially explain why +/t males are very weak sperm competitors when first-to-mate. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that meiotic drivers can have strong effects on sperm precedence patterns, and may provide a heritable basis for alternative reproductive tactics motivated by reduced sperm competitiveness. We discuss how experimental and evolutionary constraints may help explain why male genotypes did not show the predicted differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Sutter
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Anna K Lindholm
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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99929
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Kalló G, Emri M, Varga Z, Ujhelyi B, Tőzsér J, Csutak A, Csősz É. Changes in the Chemical Barrier Composition of Tears in Alzheimer's Disease Reveal Potential Tear Diagnostic Biomarkers. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158000. [PMID: 27327445 PMCID: PMC4915678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, with increasing prevalence affecting millions of people worldwide. Currently, only autopsy is able to confirm the diagnosis with a 100% certainty, therefore, biomarkers from body fluids obtained by non-invasive means provide an attractive alternative for the diagnosis of Alzheimer`s disease. Global changes of the protein profile were examined by quantitative proteomics; firstly, electrophoresis and LC-MS/MS were used, thereafter, SRM-based targeted proteomics method was developed and applied to examine quantitative changes of tear proteins. Alterations in the tear flow rate, total tear protein concentration and composition of the chemical barrier specific to AD were demonstrated, and the combination of lipocalin-1, dermcidin, lysozyme-C and lacritin was shown to be a potential biomarker, with an 81% sensitivity and 77% specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergő Kalló
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Miklós Emri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Varga
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Ujhelyi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Tőzsér
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Adrienne Csutak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Csősz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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99930
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Abstract
Seed size and toughness affect seed predators, and size-dependent investment in mechanical defence could affect relationships between seed size and predation. We tested how seed toughness and mechanical defence traits (tissue density and protective tissue content) are related to seed size among tropical forest species. Absolute toughness increased with seed size. However, smaller seeds had higher specific toughness both within and among species, with the smallest seeds requiring over 2000 times more energy per gram to break than the largest seeds. Investment in mechanical defence traits varied widely but independently of the toughness-mass allometry. Instead, a physical scaling relationship confers a toughness advantage on small seeds independent of selection on defence traits and without a direct cost. This scaling relationship may contribute to seed size diversity by decreasing fitness differences among large and small seeds. Allometric scaling of toughness reconciles predictions and conflicting empirical relationships between seed size and predation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan C Fricke
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - S Joseph Wright
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama
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99931
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Young JW, Heard-Booth AN. Grasping primate development: Ontogeny of intrinsic hand and foot proportions in capuchin monkeys (Cebus albifronsandSapajus apella). Am J Phys Anthropol 2016; 161:104-15. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse W. Young
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology; Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED); Rootstown Ohio 44272
- Musculoskeletal Biology Research Focus Area, NEOMED; Rootstown Ohio 44272
- School of Biomedical Sciences; Kent State University; Kent Ohio 44240
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99932
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Nichols E, Peres CA, Hawes JE, Naeem S. Multitrophic diversity effects of network degradation. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:4936-46. [PMID: 27547324 PMCID: PMC4979718 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Predicting the functional consequences of biodiversity loss in realistic, multitrophic communities remains a challenge. No existing biodiversity–ecosystem function study to date has simultaneously incorporated information on species traits, network topology, and extinction across multiple trophic levels, while all three factors are independently understood as critical drivers of post‐extinction network structure and function. We fill this gap by comparing the functional consequences of simulated species loss both within (monotrophic) and across (bitrophic) trophic levels, in an ecological interaction network estimated from spatially explicit field data on tropical fecal detritus producer and consumers (mammals and dung beetles). We simulated trait‐ordered beetle and mammal extinction separately (monotrophic extinction) and the coextinction of beetles following mammal loss (bitrophic extinction), according to network structure. We also compared the diversity effects of bitrophic extinction models using a standard monotrophic function (the daily production or consumption of fecal detritus) and a unique bitrophic functional metric (the proportion of daily detritus production that is consumed). We found similar mono‐ and bitrophic diversity effects, regardless of which species traits were used to drive extinctions, yet divergent predictions when different measures of function were used. The inclusion of information on network structure had little apparent effect on the qualitative relationship between diversity and function. These results contribute to our growing understanding of the functional consequences of biodiversity from real systems and underscore the importance of species traits and realistic functional metrics to assessments of the ecosystem impacts of network degradation through species loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Nichols
- Department of Biology Swarthmore College Swarthmore Pennsylvania 19081; Department of Ecology University of São Paulo Sao Paulo 05508-090 Brazil
| | - Carlos A Peres
- School of Environmental Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich NR47TJ U.K
| | - Joseph E Hawes
- School of Environmental Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich NR47TJ U.K; Animal and Environment Research Group Department of Life Sciences Anglia Ruskin University East Road Cambridge CB1 1PT U.K
| | - Shahid Naeem
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology Columbia University New York New York 10027
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99933
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Rinaudo P, Boudah S, Junot C, Thévenot EA. biosigner: A New Method for the Discovery of Significant Molecular Signatures from Omics Data. Front Mol Biosci 2016; 3:26. [PMID: 27446929 PMCID: PMC4914951 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2016.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
High-throughput technologies such as transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics show great promise for the discovery of biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. Selection of the most promising candidates between the initial untargeted step and the subsequent validation phases is critical within the pipeline leading to clinical tests. Several statistical and data mining methods have been described for feature selection: in particular, wrapper approaches iteratively assess the performance of the classifier on distinct subsets of variables. Current wrappers, however, do not estimate the significance of the selected features. We therefore developed a new methodology to find the smallest feature subset which significantly contributes to the model performance, by using a combination of resampling, ranking of variable importance, significance assessment by permutation of the feature values in the test subsets, and half-interval search. We wrapped our biosigner algorithm around three reference binary classifiers (Partial Least Squares—Discriminant Analysis, Random Forest, and Support Vector Machines) which have been shown to achieve specific performances depending on the structure of the dataset. By using three real biological and clinical metabolomics and transcriptomics datasets (containing up to 7000 features), complementary signatures were obtained in a few minutes, generally providing higher prediction accuracies than the initial full model. Comparison with alternative feature selection approaches further indicated that our method provides signatures of restricted size and high stability. Finally, by using our methodology to seek metabolites discriminating type 1 from type 2 diabetic patients, several features were selected, including a fragment from the taurochenodeoxycholic bile acid. Our methodology, implemented in the biosigner R/Bioconductor package and Galaxy/Workflow4metabolomics module, should be of interest for both experimenters and statisticians to identify robust molecular signatures from large omics datasets in the process of developing new diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Rinaudo
- CEA, LIST, Laboratory for Data Analysis and Systems' Intelligence, MetaboHUB Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Samia Boudah
- Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments, DSV/iBiTec-S/SPI, MetaboHUB, CEA-Saclay Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Christophe Junot
- Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments, DSV/iBiTec-S/SPI, MetaboHUB, CEA-Saclay Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Etienne A Thévenot
- CEA, LIST, Laboratory for Data Analysis and Systems' Intelligence, MetaboHUB Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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99934
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Justicia-Grande AJ, Pardo-Seco J, Cebey-López M, Vilanova-Trillo L, Gómez-Carballa A, Rivero-Calle I, Puente-Puig M, Curros-Novo C, Gómez-Rial J, Salas A, Martinón-Sánchez JM, Redondo-Collazo L, Rodríguez-Tenreiro C, Martinón-Torres F. Development and Validation of a New Clinical Scale for Infants with Acute Respiratory Infection: The ReSVinet Scale. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157665. [PMID: 27327497 PMCID: PMC4915666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims A properly validated scoring system allowing objective categorization of infants with acute respiratory infections (ARIs), avoiding the need for in-person assessment and that could also be used by non-health professionals is currently not available. We aimed to develop a new clinical assessment scale meeting these specifications. Methods We designed a clinical scale (ReSVinet scale) based on seven parameters (feeding intolerance, medical intervention, respiratory difficulty, respiratory frequency, apnoea, general condition, fever) that were assigned different values (from 0 to 3) for a total of 20 points.170 children under two years of age with ARI were assessed independently by three pediatricians using this scale. Parents also evaluated their offspring with an adapted version of the scale in a subset of 61 cases. The scale was tested for internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha), Pearson correlation coefficient for the items in the scale, inter-observer reliability (kappa index) and floor-ceiling effect. Results Internal consistency was good for all the observers, with the lowest Cronbach’s alpha being 0.72. There was a strong correlation between the investigators (r-value ranged 0.76–0.83) and also between the results obtained by the parents and the investigators(r = 0.73). Light’s kappa for the observations of the three investigators was 0.74. Weighted kappa in the group evaluated by the parents was 0.73. The final score was correlated with length of hospital stay, PICU admission and Wood-Downes Score. Conclusions The ReSVinet scale may be useful and reliable in the evaluation of infants with ARI, particularly acute bronchiolitis, even with data obtained from medical records and when employed by parents. Although further studies are necessary, ReSVinet scale already complies with more score validation criteria than the vast majority of the alternatives currently available and used in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio José Justicia-Grande
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases Section, Pediatrics Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Genetics, Vaccines, Infections, and Pediatrics Research Group (GENVIP), Healthcare Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jacobo Pardo-Seco
- Genetics, Vaccines, Infections, and Pediatrics Research Group (GENVIP), Healthcare Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miriam Cebey-López
- Genetics, Vaccines, Infections, and Pediatrics Research Group (GENVIP), Healthcare Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lucía Vilanova-Trillo
- Genetics, Vaccines, Infections, and Pediatrics Research Group (GENVIP), Healthcare Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alberto Gómez-Carballa
- Genetics, Vaccines, Infections, and Pediatrics Research Group (GENVIP), Healthcare Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Irene Rivero-Calle
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases Section, Pediatrics Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Genetics, Vaccines, Infections, and Pediatrics Research Group (GENVIP), Healthcare Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Puente-Puig
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases Section, Pediatrics Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carmen Curros-Novo
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases Section, Pediatrics Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Gómez-Rial
- Genetics, Vaccines, Infections, and Pediatrics Research Group (GENVIP), Healthcare Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antonio Salas
- Genetics, Vaccines, Infections, and Pediatrics Research Group (GENVIP), Healthcare Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, and Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica (GMX), Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - José María Martinón-Sánchez
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases Section, Pediatrics Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Genetics, Vaccines, Infections, and Pediatrics Research Group (GENVIP), Healthcare Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Redondo-Collazo
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases Section, Pediatrics Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Genetics, Vaccines, Infections, and Pediatrics Research Group (GENVIP), Healthcare Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carmen Rodríguez-Tenreiro
- Genetics, Vaccines, Infections, and Pediatrics Research Group (GENVIP), Healthcare Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Federico Martinón-Torres
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases Section, Pediatrics Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Genetics, Vaccines, Infections, and Pediatrics Research Group (GENVIP), Healthcare Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- * E-mail:
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99935
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Goldmann JM, Wong WS, Pinelli M, Farrah T, Bodian D, Stittrich AB, Glusman G, Vissers LE, Hoischen A, Roach JC, Vockley JG, Veltman JA, Solomon BD, Gilissen C, Niederhuber JE. Parent-of-origin-specific signatures of de novo mutations. Nat Genet 2016; 48:935-9. [PMID: 27322544 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
De novo mutations (DNMs) originating in gametogenesis are an important source of genetic variation. We use a data set of 7,216 autosomal DNMs with resolved parent of origin from whole-genome sequencing of 816 parent-offspring trios to investigate differences between maternally and paternally derived DNMs and study the underlying mutational mechanisms. Our results show that the number of DNMs in offspring increases not only with paternal age, but also with maternal age, and that some genome regions show enrichment for maternally derived DNMs. We identify parent-of-origin-specific mutation signatures that become more pronounced with increased parental age, pointing to different mutational mechanisms in spermatogenesis and oogenesis. Moreover, we find DNMs that are spatially clustered to have a unique mutational signature with no significant differences between parental alleles, suggesting a different mutational mechanism. Our findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms that underlie mutagenesis and are relevant to disease and evolution in humans.
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99936
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Lanzén A, Epelde L, Blanco F, Martín I, Artetxe U, Garbisu C. Multi-targeted metagenetic analysis of the influence of climate and environmental parameters on soil microbial communities along an elevational gradient. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28257. [PMID: 27321429 PMCID: PMC4913321 DOI: 10.1038/srep28257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mountain elevation gradients are invaluable sites for understanding the effects of climate change on ecosystem function, community structure and distribution. However, relatively little is known about the impact on soil microbial communities, in spite of their importance for the functioning of the soil ecosystem. Previous studies of microbial diversity along elevational gradients were often limited by confounding variables such as vegetation, pH, and nutrients. Here, we utilised a transect in the Pyrenees established to minimise variation in such parameters, to examine prokaryotic, fungal, protist and metazoan communities throughout three consecutive years. We aimed to determine the influences of climate and environmental parameters on soil microbial community structure; as well as on the relationships between those microbial communities. Further, functional diversity of heterotrophic bacteria was determined using Biolog. Prokaryotic and fungal community structure, but not alpha-diversity, correlated significantly with elevation. However, carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and pH appeared to affect prokaryotic and protist communities more strongly. Both community structure and physicochemical parameters varied considerably between years, illustrating the value of long-term monitoring of the dynamic processes controlling the soil ecosystem. Our study also illustrates both the challenges and strengths of using microbial communities as indicators of potential impacts of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Lanzén
- Soil Microbial Ecology Group, Department of Conservation of Natural Resources, NEIKER-Tecnalia, c/Berreaga 1, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Lur Epelde
- Soil Microbial Ecology Group, Department of Conservation of Natural Resources, NEIKER-Tecnalia, c/Berreaga 1, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Fernando Blanco
- Soil Microbial Ecology Group, Department of Conservation of Natural Resources, NEIKER-Tecnalia, c/Berreaga 1, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Iker Martín
- Soil Microbial Ecology Group, Department of Conservation of Natural Resources, NEIKER-Tecnalia, c/Berreaga 1, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Unai Artetxe
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Carlos Garbisu
- Soil Microbial Ecology Group, Department of Conservation of Natural Resources, NEIKER-Tecnalia, c/Berreaga 1, 48160 Derio, Spain
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99937
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Haralambieva IH, Ovsyannikova IG, Kennedy RB, Zimmermann MT, Grill DE, Oberg AL, Poland GA. Transcriptional signatures of influenza A/H1N1-specific IgG memory-like B cell response in older individuals. Vaccine 2016; 34:3993-4002. [PMID: 27317456 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies suggest that the recall-based humoral immune responses to influenza A/H1N1 originates from activated memory B cells. The aim of this study was to identify baseline, early and late blood transcriptional signatures (in peripheral blood mononuclear cells/PBMCs) associated with memory B cell response following influenza vaccination. METHODS We used pre- and post-vaccination mRNA-Seq transcriptional profiling on samples from 159 subjects (50-74years old) following receipt of seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine containing the A/California/7/2009/H1N1-like virus, and penalized regression modeling to identify associations with influenza A/H1N1-specific memory B cell ELISPOT response after vaccination. RESULTS Genesets and genes (p-value range 7.92E(-08) to 0.00018, q-value range 0.00019-0.039) demonstrating significant associations (of gene expression levels) with memory B cell response suggest the importance of metabolic (cholesterol and lipid metabolism-related), cell migration/adhesion, MAP kinase, NF-kB cell signaling (chemokine/cytokine signaling) and transcriptional regulation gene signatures in the development of memory B cell response after influenza vaccination. CONCLUSION Through an unbiased transcriptome-wide profiling approach, our study identified signatures of memory B cell response following influenza vaccination, highlighting the underappreciated role of metabolic changes (among the other immune function-related events) in the regulation of influenza vaccine-induced immune memory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Richard B Kennedy
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Michael T Zimmermann
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Diane E Grill
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ann L Oberg
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Gregory A Poland
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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99938
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Frasso G, Lambert P. Bayesian inference in an extended SEIR model with nonparametric disease transmission rate: an application to the Ebola epidemic in Sierra Leone. Biostatistics 2016; 17:779-92. [PMID: 27324411 DOI: 10.1093/biostatistics/kxw027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2014 Ebola outbreak in Sierra Leone is analyzed using a susceptible-exposed-infectious-removed (SEIR) epidemic compartmental model. The discrete time-stochastic model for the epidemic evolution is coupled to a set of ordinary differential equations describing the dynamics of the expected proportions of subjects in each epidemic state. The unknown parameters are estimated in a Bayesian framework by combining data on the number of new (laboratory confirmed) Ebola cases reported by the Ministry of Health and prior distributions for the transition rates elicited using information collected by the WHO during the follow-up of specific Ebola cases. The time-varying disease transmission rate is modeled in a flexible way using penalized B-splines. Our framework represents a valuable stochastic tool for the study of an epidemic dynamic even when only irregularly observed and possibly aggregated data are available. Simulations and the analysis of the 2014 Sierra Leone Ebola data highlight the merits of the proposed methodology. In particular, the flexible modeling of the disease transmission rate makes the estimation of the effective reproduction number robust to the misspecification of the initial epidemic states and to underreporting of the infectious cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Frasso
- Faculté des Sciences Sociales, Méthodes Quantitatives en Sciences Sociales, Université de Liège, Liège, BelgiumInstitut de Statistique, Biostatistique et Sciences Actuarielles, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Philippe Lambert
- Faculté des Sciences Sociales, Méthodes Quantitatives en Sciences Sociales, Université de Liège, Liège, BelgiumInstitut de Statistique, Biostatistique et Sciences Actuarielles, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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99939
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Mao CX, Huang R, Zhang S. Petersen estimator, Chapman adjustment, list effects, and heterogeneity. Biometrics 2016; 73:167-173. [DOI: 10.1111/biom.12553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xuan Mao
- School of Statistics and Management; Shanghai University of Finance and Economics; Shanghai China
| | - Ruochen Huang
- School of Statistics and Management; Shanghai University of Finance and Economics; Shanghai China
| | - Sijia Zhang
- School of Statistics and Management; Shanghai University of Finance and Economics; Shanghai China
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99940
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Thijs J, Krastev T, Weidinger S, Buckens CF, de Bruin-Weller M, Bruijnzeel-Koomen C, Flohr C, Hijnen D. Biomarkers for atopic dermatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 15:453-60. [PMID: 26226355 DOI: 10.1097/ACI.0000000000000198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW A large number of studies investigating the correlation between severity of atopic dermatitis and various biomarkers have been published over the past decades. The aim of this review was to identify, evaluate and synthesize the evidence examining the correlation of biomarkers with disease severity in atopic dermatitis patients, something that has not been performed previously. RECENT FINDINGS Three electronic databases were systematically searched and relevant studies were selected for inclusion. A total of 222 articles, reporting on 115 different biomarkers in 30 063 patients, were critically appraised. Studies were divided into two main groups. The first group consisted of longitudinal randomized controlled trials and cohort studies, which reported measurements at multiple time points. The second contained cross-sectional studies that reported only one measurement per patient. Out of 222 articles, 108 articles reported sufficient data for meta-analysis. Only four biomarkers were eligible for meta-analysis in the longitudinal group, and nine in the cross-sectional group. SUMMARY Serum thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) was found to be the most reliable biomarker studied, showing pooled correlation coefficients of 0.60 (95% CI 0.48-0.70) and 0.64 (95% CI 0.57-0.70) in longitudinal and cross-sectional studies, respectively. Additional biomarkers that could prove useful but require additional research include serum cutaneous T-cell attracting chemokine (CTACK), sE-selectin, macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and interleukin (IL)-18.
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99941
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Castro Y, Botella J, Asensio M. Re-Paying Attention to Visitor Behavior: A Re-Analysis using Meta-Analytic Techniques. Span J Psychol 2016; 19:E39. [PMID: 27319781 DOI: 10.1017/sjp.2016.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The present study describes a meta-analytic review of museum visitors' behavior. Although there is a large number of visitor studies available, their cumulative importance has not been determined due to the lack of rigorous methods to determine common causes of visitors' behaviors. We analyzed Serrell's (1998) database of 110 studies, defining a number of variables that measure visitors' behaviors in exhibition spaces which exceeded the most typical and obvious ones. We defined four indexes of effect size and obtained their combined estimates: average time per feature [ATF● = 0.43 (0.49; 0.37)], percentage of diligent visitors [dv● = 30% (0.39; 0.23)], inverse of velocity [Iv● = 4.07 min/100m2 (4.55; 3.59)], and stops per feature [SF● = 0.35 (0.38; 0.33)], and we analyzed the role of relevant moderating variables. Key findings indicate, for example, that the visiting time for each display element relates to the size of the exhibition and its newness, and visitor walking speed is higher in large exhibit areas. The indexes obtained in this study can be understood as references to be used for comparison with new evaluations. They may help to predict people's behavior and appreciation of new exhibitions, identifying important problems in museum designs, and providing new research tools for this field.
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99942
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Adachi T, Costa DP, Robinson PW, Peterson SH, Yamamichi M, Naito Y, Takahashi A. Searching for prey in a three‐dimensional environment: hierarchical movements enhance foraging success in northern elephant seals. Funct Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Adachi
- National Institute of Polar Research 10‐3 Midori‐cho Tachikawa Tokyo 190‐8518 Japan
- Department of Polar Science SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies) 10‐3 Midori‐cho Tachikawa Tokyo 190‐8518 Japan
| | - Daniel P. Costa
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California 100 Shaffer Road Santa Cruz CA 95060 USA
| | - Patrick W. Robinson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California 100 Shaffer Road Santa Cruz CA 95060 USA
| | - Sarah H. Peterson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California 100 Shaffer Road Santa Cruz CA 95060 USA
| | - Masato Yamamichi
- Hakubi Center for Advanced Research Kyoto University Yoshida‐honmachi Sakyo Kyoto 606‐8501 Japan
- Center for Ecological Research Kyoto University 2‐509‐3 Hirano Otsu Shiga 520‐2113 Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Naito
- National Institute of Polar Research 10‐3 Midori‐cho Tachikawa Tokyo 190‐8518 Japan
| | - Akinori Takahashi
- National Institute of Polar Research 10‐3 Midori‐cho Tachikawa Tokyo 190‐8518 Japan
- Department of Polar Science SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies) 10‐3 Midori‐cho Tachikawa Tokyo 190‐8518 Japan
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99943
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Yano K, Yamamoto E, Aya K, Takeuchi H, Lo PC, Hu L, Yamasaki M, Yoshida S, Kitano H, Hirano K, Matsuoka M. Genome-wide association study using whole-genome sequencing rapidly identifies new genes influencing agronomic traits in rice. Nat Genet 2016; 48:927-34. [PMID: 27322545 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A genome-wide association study (GWAS) can be a powerful tool for the identification of genes associated with agronomic traits in crop species, but it is often hindered by population structure and the large extent of linkage disequilibrium. In this study, we identified agronomically important genes in rice using GWAS based on whole-genome sequencing, followed by the screening of candidate genes based on the estimated effect of nucleotide polymorphisms. Using this approach, we identified four new genes associated with agronomic traits. Some genes were undetectable by standard SNP analysis, but we detected them using gene-based association analysis. This study provides fundamental insights relevant to the rapid identification of genes associated with agronomic traits using GWAS and will accelerate future efforts aimed at crop improvement.
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99944
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Folt B, Jensen JB, Teare A, Rostal D. Establishing Reference Demography for Conservation: A Case Study ofMacrochelys temminckiiin Spring Creek, Georgia. Herpetological Monographs 2016. [DOI: 10.1655/herpmonographs-d-15-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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99945
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de Castro-Guedes C, de Almeida L. Laboratory Investigations Reveal that Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Is a Poor Host for Dinocampus coccinellae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Brazil. J Insect Sci 2016; 16:iew044. [PMID: 27324582 PMCID: PMC4913458 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iew044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773) is an Asian coccinellid released in several places to act as a biological control agent of aphids. Dinocampus coccinellae (Schrank, 1802) is an endoparasite that uses more than 40 coccinellid species as hosts. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the interactions between D. coccinellae and H. axyridis and to determine the impact of the parasitoid on the establishment capacity of H. axyridis It was also investigate the influence of host on the development of D. coccinellae using other Coccinellidae species as hosts: Cycloneda sanguinea, (L., 1763) Cycloneda pulchella (Klug, 1829), Eriopis connexa (Germar, 1824), and Olla v-nigrum (Mulsant, 1866) In no-choice tests, pupa was the least attacked stage, and the fourth instar and adults the most attacked. In choice tests, the pupa was less attacked when combined with all the other stages, and the fourth instar and adults the most attacked. There was statistical difference only for fecundity, fertility, and number of eggs/day, with higher values found in the non-parasitized control group. Due to the low rate of parasitism it is believed that D. coccinellae has little impact on the populations of this coccinellid in Brazil. However, it is noteworthy that an increase in H. axyridis coverage areas can affect the populations of D. coccinellae, as in some places of occurrence, H. axyridis has become the predominant species of Coccinellidae. The result can be a decrease in populations of this species of parasitoid or its better adaptation to the new host.
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Affiliation(s)
- CamilaFediuk de Castro-Guedes
- Laboratório de Sistemática e Bioecologia de Coleoptera (Insecta), Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal, Curitiba 19030, Brazil (e-mail: ; )
| | - LúciaMassutti de Almeida
- Laboratório de Sistemática e Bioecologia de Coleoptera (Insecta), Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal, Curitiba 19030, Brazil (e-mail: ; )
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99946
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Tanaka H, Ogata S, Ikebe K, Kurushima Y, Matsuda K, Enoki K, Omura K, Honda C, Hayakawa K. Association between salivary flow rate and depressive symptoms with adjustment for genetic and family environmental factors in Japanese twin study. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 21:1291-1297. [PMID: 27318473 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1883-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The association between salivary flow rate (SFR) and depressive symptoms have been inconclusive. The present study aimed to investigate the association between SFR and depressive symptoms with and without adjustment for genetic and family environmental factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study using twins and measured SFR and depressive symptoms as the outcome and explanatory variables, respectively. We also performed three-step regression analyses by first analysing the association between SFR and depressive symptoms without adjustment for genetic and family environmental factors (individual-level analyses). We then performed between-within analyses using monozygotic (MZ) and same-sex dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs, and finally using only MZ twin pairs. These between-within analyses estimated the coefficients adjusted for genetic and family environmental factors. Furthermore, differences in the associations between individual-level and between-within suggest confounding by genetic and family environmental factors. RESULTS We conducted 448 twins aged ≥20 years. In individual-level analyses in males and between-within analyses using MZ and same-sex DZ male twin pairs, SFR associated with depressive symptoms. In between-within analyses using only MZ male twin pairs, SFR did not associate with depressive symptoms. In females, SFR did not associate with depressive symptoms in both individual-level and between-within analyses. CONCLUSIONS The present study revealed that the association between SFR and depressive symptoms was affected by common genetic factors in males. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Understanding this association between SFR and depressive symptoms with adjustment for genetic and family environmental factors could lead to an important consideration for the prevention and treatment of hyposalivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Tanaka
- Department of Health Promotion Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Mie Prefectural College of Nursing, 1-1-1 Yumegaoka, Tsu, Mie, 514-0116, Japan.
| | - Soshiro Ogata
- Department of Health Promotion Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Ikebe
- Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuko Kurushima
- Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenichi Matsuda
- Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kaori Enoki
- Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kayoko Omura
- Mie Prefectural College of Nursing, 1-1-1 Yumegaoka, Tsu, Mie, 514-0116, Japan
| | - Chika Honda
- Center for Twin Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | | | - Kazuo Hayakawa
- Mie Prefectural College of Nursing, 1-1-1 Yumegaoka, Tsu, Mie, 514-0116, Japan
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99947
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Aguirre MB, Diaz-Soltero H, Claps LE, Saracho Bottero A, Triapitsyn S, Hasson E, Logarzo GA. Studies on the Biology of Hypogeococcus pungens (sensu stricto) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Argentina to Aid the Identification of the Mealybug Pest of Cactaceae in Puerto Rico. J Insect Sci 2016; 16:iew043. [PMID: 27324585 PMCID: PMC4913457 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iew043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypogeococcus pungens Granara de Willink, sensu stricto, is a serious pest of cacti in Puerto Rico threating many Caribbean islands. A classical biological control program for H. pungens was initiated for Puerto Rico in 2010 with a survey for natural enemies of H. pungens in its native range of Argentina. Biological differences were observed between populations of H. pungens sampled on Amaranthaceae and Cactaceae. Molecular studies suggested that H. pungens populations from different host plant families are likely a complex of species. Our objective was to study the biology of H. pungens sensu stricto on specimens collected in the same locality and host plant as the holotype [Tucumán Province, Argentina; Alternanthera pungens Kunth (Amaranthaceae)]. We were interested in the reproductive biology of females, longevity and survival of adults, the effect of temperature on the development, and nymph performance (survival and development) on five Cactaceae species. We found that H. pungens s.s showed marked biological differences from the populations collected on Cactaceae and exported to Australia for the biological control of the cactus Harrisia spp. The main differences were the presence of deuterotoky parthenogenesis and the fact that H. pungens did not attack Cactaceae in the laboratory. Our results provide biological evidence that H. pungens is a species complex. We propose that the population introduced to Australia is neither Hypogeococcus festerianus Lizer y Trelles nor H. pungens, but an undescribed species with three circuli, and that the Hypogeococcus pest of cacti in Puerto Rico is not H. pungens.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Aguirre
- FuEDEI, Simón Bolívar 1559, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina (; )
| | - H Diaz-Soltero
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1400 Independence Ave, SW 1154 South Building, Washington, DC 20250 (e-mail: )
| | - L E Claps
- Instituto Superior de Entomología "Dr. Abraham Willink" (INSUE) Miguel Lillo 205, 4000 S. M. de Tucumán, Argentina (e-mail: ; )
| | - A Saracho Bottero
- Instituto Superior de Entomología "Dr. Abraham Willink" (INSUE) Miguel Lillo 205, 4000 S. M. de Tucumán, Argentina (e-mail: ; )
| | - S Triapitsyn
- Entomology Research Museum, Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - E Hasson
- Department of Ecología Genética Y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria Pab. 2, C1428 EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G A Logarzo
- FuEDEI, Simón Bolívar 1559, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina (; )
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99948
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Bora E, Özakbaş S, Velakoulis D, Walterfang M. Social Cognition in Multiple Sclerosis: a Meta-Analysis. Neuropsychol Rev 2016; 26:160-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s11065-016-9320-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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99949
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Rogliani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigino Calzetta
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Cazzola
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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99950
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Ganuza E, Sellers CE, Bennett BW, Lyons EM, Carney LT. A Novel Treatment Protects Chlorella at Commercial Scale from the Predatory Bacterium Vampirovibrio chlorellavorus. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:848. [PMID: 27379027 PMCID: PMC4913114 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The predatory bacterium, Vampirovibrio chlorellavorus, can destroy a Chlorella culture in just a few days, rendering an otherwise robust algal crop into a discolored suspension of empty cell walls. Chlorella is used as a benchmark for open pond cultivation due to its fast growth. In nature, V. chlorellavorus plays an ecological role by controlling this widespread terrestrial and freshwater microalga, but it can have a devastating effect when it attacks large commercial ponds. We discovered that V. chlorellavorus was associated with the collapse of four pilot commercial-scale (130,000 L volume) open-pond reactors. Routine microscopy revealed the distinctive pattern of V. chlorellavorus attachment to the algal cells, followed by algal cell clumping, culture discoloration and ultimately, growth decline. The “crash” of the algal culture coincided with increasing proportions of 16s rRNA sequencing reads assigned to V. chlorellavorus. We designed a qPCR assay to predict an impending culture crash and developed a novel treatment to control the bacterium. We found that (1) Chlorella growth was not affected by a 15 min exposure to pH 3.5 in the presence of 0.5 g/L acetate, when titrated with hydrochloric acid and (2) this treatment had a bactericidal effect on the culture (2-log decrease in aerobic counts). Therefore, when qPCR results indicated a rise in V. chlorellavorus amplicons, we found that the pH-shock treatment prevented the culture crash and doubled the productive longevity of the culture. Furthermore, the treatment could be repeatedly applied to the same culture, at the beginning of at least two sequential batch cycles. In this case, the treatment was applied preventively, further increasing the longevity of the open pond culture. In summary, the treatment reversed the infection of V. chlorellavorus as confirmed by observations of bacterial attachment to Chlorella cells and by detection of V. chlorellavorus by 16s rRNA sequencing and qPCR assay. The pH-shock treatment is highly selective against prokaryotes, and it is a cost-effective treatment that can be used throughout the scale up and production process. To our knowledge, the treatment described here is the first effective control of V. chlorellavorus and will be an important tool for the microalgal industry and biofuel research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eneko Ganuza
- Microbiology Group, Heliae Development LLC, Gilbert, AZ, USA
| | | | - Braden W Bennett
- Molecular Ecology Group, Heliae Development LLC, Gilbert, AZ, USA
| | - Eric M Lyons
- Microbiology Group, Heliae Development LLC, Gilbert, AZ, USA
| | - Laura T Carney
- Molecular Ecology Group, Heliae Development LLC, Gilbert, AZ, USA
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