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Ude K, Õunap E, Kaasik A, Davis RB, Javoiš J, Nedumpally V, Foerster SIA, Tammaru T. Evolution of wing shape in geometrid moths: phylogenetic effects dominate over ecology. J Evol Biol 2024; 37:526-537. [PMID: 38491928 DOI: 10.1093/jeb/voae033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Locomotory performance is an important determinant of fitness in most animals, including flying insects. Strong selective pressures on wing morphology are therefore expected. Previous studies on wing shape in Lepidoptera have found some support for hypotheses relating wing shape to environment-specific selective pressures on aerodynamic performance. Here, we present a phylogenetic comparative study on wing shape in the lepidopteran family Geometridae, covering 374 species of the northern European fauna. We focused on 11 wing traits including aspect ratio, wing roundness, and the pointedness of the apex, as well as the ratio of forewing and hindwing areas. All measures were taken from images available on the internet, using a combination of tools available in Fiji software and R. We found that wing shape demonstrates a phylogenetically conservative pattern of evolution in Geometridae, showing similar or stronger phylogenetic signal than many of its potential predictors. Several wing traits showed statistically significant associations with predictors such as body size, phenology, and preference for forest habitats. Overall, however, all of these associations remained notably weak, with no wing shape being excluded for any value of the predictors, including body size. We conclude that, in geometrids, wing traits do not readily respond to selective pressures optimizing aerodynamic performance of the moths in different environments. Selection on wing shape may nevertheless operate through other functions of the wings, with the effectiveness of crypsis at rest being a promising candidate for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadri Ude
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Erki Õunap
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ants Kaasik
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Robert B Davis
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Juhan Javoiš
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vineesh Nedumpally
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Stenio I A Foerster
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Toomas Tammaru
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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2
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Hoare RJB, Patrick BH, Buckley TR, Brav-Cubitt T. Wing pattern variation and DNA barcodes defy taxonomic splitting in the New Zealand Pimelea Looper Notoreas perornata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Larentiinae): the importance of populations as conservation units. Zootaxa 2023; 5346:1-27. [PMID: 38221354 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5346.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The endemic Notoreas perornata (Walker, 1863) complex (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Larentiinae) from the North Island and northern South Island of New Zealand is reviewed. Larvae feed on Pimelea spp. (Thymelaeaceae), frequently in highly fragmented and threatened shrubland habitats. Allopatric populations tend to differ in size and wing pattern characteristics, but not in genitalia; moreover extensive variation renders recognition of subspecies / allopatric species based on any species concept problematic. A mitochondrial DNA gene tree is not congruent with morphology and indicates rapid recent divergence that has not settled into diagnosable lineages. Based on our results, we synonymise Notoreas simplex Hudson, 1898 with N. perornata (Walker, 1863), and retain N. perornata as a single, highly diverse but monotypic species. All known populations are illustrated to display variation. For conservation purposes, we recommend the continued recognition within the species of 10 populations or groups of populations that appear to be on the way to diverging at subspecific level based on morphological and/or DNA data. The conservation status of all these populations is reviewed. One conservation unit, comprising the populations from Westland, has not been seen since 1998 and is feared possibly extinct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J B Hoare
- Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research; Private Bag 92170; St Johns 1072; Auckland; New Zealand.
| | | | - Thomas R Buckley
- Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research; Private Bag 92170; St Johns 1072; Auckland; New Zealand.
| | - Talia Brav-Cubitt
- Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research; Private Bag 92170; St Johns 1072; Auckland; New Zealand.
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3
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Abstract
The genus Antaeola has remained monotypic since its description by Diakonoff in 1973. A new species, Antaeola rhinosa sp. nov., is described and illustrated from Thailand. The new species can be distinguished from A. antaea (Meyrick) by facies and features of the male and female genitalia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sopita Muadsub
- Department of Entomology; Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen; Kasetsart University; Kamphaeng Saen Campus; Nakhon Pathom; 73140; Thailand.
| | - Nantasak Pinkaew
- Department of Entomology; Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen; Kasetsart University; Kamphaeng Saen Campus; Nakhon Pathom; 73140; Thailand.
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4
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Huang SY, Volynkin AV, Yin XY, Zhang YL, Fan XL, Pan ZH, Wang M. Letrasilta, a new genus for the Striatella cernyi Volynkin species-group with description of a new species from Xizang, China, and a replacement name for the genus group name Striatella Volynkin & S.-Y. Huang, 2019 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Zootaxa 2023; 5315:251-263. [PMID: 37518604 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5315.3.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The name Striatochrista nom. n. is introduced as replacement for Striatella Volynkin & S.-Y. Huang, 2019. A new genus, Letrasilta S.-Y. Huang & Volynkin gen. n. is erected to include the Striatella cernyi species-group with the new species, L. ratnasambhava S.-Y. Huang, Volynkin & Yin sp. n. from Xizang, southwestern China designated as the type species. Based on the molecular phylogenetic analysis, the new genus is found to be sister to the clade (Aberrasine + ((Indiania + Idopterum) + Striatochrista nom. n.)) but is distinguished from all the relevant genera by the unique genitalia features. Letrasilta cernyi (Volynkin, 2018) comb. n. is also reported from India for the first time. Adults and genitalia of the aforementioned taxa are illustrated. A checklist of the genus Striatochrista is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yao Huang
- Department of Entomology; College of Plant Protection; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou 510642; Guangdong; China.
| | - Anton V Volynkin
- Altai State University; Lenina Avenue; 61; RF-656049; Barnaul; Russia.
| | - Xiong-Yan Yin
- Institute of Plateau Ecology; Tibet Agricultural & Animal Husbandry University (Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology in Tibet Plateau; Ministry of Education); Linzhi 860000; Xizang; China.
| | - Yu-Long Zhang
- Department of Entomology; College of Plant Protection; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou 510642; Guangdong; China.
| | - Xiao-Ling Fan
- Department of Entomology; College of Plant Protection; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou 510642; Guangdong; China.
| | - Zhao-Hui Pan
- Department of Entomology; College of Plant Protection; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou 510642; Guangdong; China.
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Entomology; College of Plant Protection; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou 510642; Guangdong; China.
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5
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Singh S, Kirti JS, Joshi R, Singh N. Taxonomic review of the Miltochrista hollowai and M. curvifascia species-groups with descriptions of two new species from India (Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Zootaxa 2023; 5315:150-160. [PMID: 37518611 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5315.2.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The Miltochrista hollowai (Kirti & Gill, 2009) and M. curvifascia (Hampson, 1891) species-groups are reviewed, and two new species belonging to the M. hollowai species-group i.e., Miltochrista madathumala sp. nov. and M. kumarkaustubhi sp. nov. are described from South India. The female of M. paraarcuata is illustrated and diagnosed for the first time. Illustrations of adults and genitalia as well as diagnoses are provided for all the species considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Singh
- Department of Zoology & Environmental Sciences; Punjabi University; Patiala; 147002; Punjab; India.
| | - Jagbir Singh Kirti
- Zoological Survey of India; M-Block; New Alipore; Kolkata 700053; West Bengal; India.
| | - Rahul Joshi
- Zoological Survey of India; M-Block; New Alipore; Kolkata 700053; West Bengal; India.
| | - Navneet Singh
- Zoological Survey of India; M-Block; New Alipore; Kolkata 700053; West Bengal; India.
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László GM, Hausmann A, Karisch T. Integrative taxonomic revision of the African taxa of the Racotis Moore, 1887 generic complex (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae, Boarmiini). Zootaxa 2023; 5308:1-109. [PMID: 37518660 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5308.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The Afrotropical taxa of the Racotis s.l. generic complex are revised utilising integrative taxonomical methods. Based on the evaluation of genital morphology and analyses of DNA barcodes, a new genus, Afroracotis gen. n. is established to include the Afrotropical "Racotis" species. The new genus is subdivided into 5 subgenera: Afroracotis subgen. n., Herbuloracotis subgen. n., Rwandaracotis subgen. n., Zebracotis subgen. n. and Sokokeracotis subgen. n.. A new monotypic genus is described to include Boarmia ugandaria Swinhoe, 1904 which was combined earlier with the genus Chorodna and recently with Racotis: Chorocotis gen. n.. Two species formerly assigned to Cleora are moved to Afroracotis: A. albitrigonis (Prout, 1927) comb. n., A. atriclava (Prout, 1926) comb. n.. Two species are transferred from Racotis to Colocleora: C. breijeri (Prout, 1922) comb. n., C. incauta (Prout, 1916) comb. n.. Seventeen new Afroracotis species (A. aliena, A. stadiei, A. violetteae, A. fiebigi, A. turlini, A. dargei, A. longicornuta, A. aristophanousi, A. muscivirens, A. chaineyi, A. lydiae, A. smithi, A. ochsei, A. milesi, A. helicalis, A. takanoi and A. staudei spp. n.) and 5 new subspecies (A. squalida thomensis, A. argillacea morettoi, A. longicornuta congolana, A. longicornuta ugandana and A. lydiae orientalis sspp. n.) are described, totalling 27 species and 8 subspecies contained in the genus Afroracotis. Adults and genitalia of all taxa are illustrated in 210 colour and 129 black and white figures demonstrating the intraspecific variability. The distribution of all taxa is illustrated in 6 dot maps. The results of the genetic analyses are figured in four phylograms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyula M László
- African Natural History Research Trust (ANHRT); Street Court; Leominster-Kingsland; HR6 9QA; United Kingdom.
| | - Axel Hausmann
- SNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung München; Münchhausenstr. 21; Munich; Germany.
| | - Timm Karisch
- Museum für Naturkunde und Vorgeschichte Dessau; Askanische Straße 32; D-06842; Dessau; Germany.
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7
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Orlandin E, Laurent RAS, Piovesan M, Hallwachs W, Chacón I, Janzen D, Carneiro E. Anurocampa (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae): two new species, systematics and immature stages. Zootaxa 2023; 5306:401-426. [PMID: 37518512 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5306.4.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Notodontidae (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea) comprise over 4,000 described species distributed worldwide, among which nearly half are restricted to the Neotropics. Morphology of adults and immatures of Notodontidae have been broadly investigated and many larval, pupal, and adult characters were found to be synapomorphies of subfamilies and tribes. Despite this, the current classification of Notodontidae remains unsettled as most recent classification systems are contradictory due to reliance on incomplete global sampling and, many taxa, especially in the Neotropics, are still informally classified as incertae sedis. Anurocampa Herrich-Shäffer was recently treated as an incertae sedis genus, and immature and adult characters may provide further evidence for its systematic position among the Notodontidae. With this goal in mind, the present study describes the immature stages of Anurocampa mingens Herrich-Shäffer from Brazil and describes two new species in the genus from Costa Rica based on morphology and mitochondrial DNA: Anurocampa markhastingsi Chacón and St Laurent sp. nov. and Anurocampa abelardochaconi Chacón and St Laurent sp. nov. and discusses the systematic position of Anurocampa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elton Orlandin
- Laboratório de Estudos em Lepidoptera Neotropical; Departamento de Zoologia; Universidade Federal do Paraná; Brazil.
| | - Ryan A St Laurent
- Department of Entomology; Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History; Washington D.C.; United States; McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity; Florida Museum of Natural History; Gainesville; FL; United States.
| | - Mônica Piovesan
- Laboratório de Estudos em Lepidoptera Neotropical; Departamento de Zoologia; Universidade Federal do Paraná; Brazil.
| | - Winnie Hallwachs
- Department of Biology; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia; PA; United States.
| | - Isidro Chacón
- BioAlfa; Guanacaste Dry Forest Conservation Fund; Area de Conservacion Guanacaste; Costa Rica.
| | - Daniel Janzen
- Department of Biology; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia; PA; United States.
| | - Eduardo Carneiro
- Laboratório de Estudos em Lepidoptera Neotropical; Departamento de Zoologia; Universidade Federal do Paraná; Brazil.
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8
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Orlandin E, Piovesan M, Herbin D, Carneiro E. Immature Stages, Description of Female, and Redescription of Male of Apatelodes kotzschi Draudt, 1929 (Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea: Apatelodidae). Neotrop Entomol 2023; 52:92-103. [PMID: 36422841 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-022-01003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The genus Apatelodes Packard, 1864 comprise more than half of the known Apatelodidae species, but most of its species are placed in the genus without precise justification. The result is a heterogeneous group of species, probably forming a polyphyletic arrangement. Despite being relatively large moths and relatively abundant in light traps, only little information on the natural history and morphology of the Apatelodes immature stages has been published, and only one species is fully described including its immature stages. Aiming to increase the knowledge and provide information towards the definition of the identity of this genus, the present study describes the immature stages, provides a redescription of the male, the first description of the female of Apatelodes kotzschi Draudt, 1929, and we compare and discuss the morphological similarities among Apatelodes species. In general, the immatures of Apatelodes exhibits apparently well-conserved morphological characters, including the gross chaetotaxy configuration. Most differences are found in larval coloration patterns (mainly in the last instar larvae), pupa texture, and cremaster morphology. In contrast, imagos wings and genitalia are rich sources of diagnostic characters which can be used to identify species. However, there are still large gaps in the knowledge of the morphological characters and natural history of most species in the genus that hampers a more robust delimitation of the genus Apatelodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elton Orlandin
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, P. O. Box 1920, Curitiba , Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Mônica Piovesan
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, P. O. Box 1920, Curitiba , Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Carneiro
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, P. O. Box 1920, Curitiba , Paraná, Brazil
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9
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Bayarsaikhan U, Kwon HW, Kim KW, Bae YS. A checklist of Stictane Hampson (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae) with emphasis on the Laotian fauna. Zootaxa 2021; 4981:137150. [PMID: 34186953 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The genus Stictane Hampson is reviewed in Laos, with eight species including four newly recorded species, S. obscura (Inoue, 1976), S. pectinata Holloway, 2001, S. fuscus Bucsek, 2014 and S. bokorensis Bayarsaikhan Bae, 2015. Illustrations of adults and genitalia of all examined species from Laos are provided, with an updated checklist of all described species of Stictane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulziijargal Bayarsaikhan
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea. Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea. Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Songdo-dong, Incheon, 22012, South Korea..
| | - Hyung Wook Kwon
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea. Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Songdo-dong, Incheon, 22012, South Korea..
| | - Kil Won Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea. Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea..
| | - Yang-Seop Bae
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea. Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea. Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Songdo-dong, Incheon, 22012, South Korea..
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10
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Chen SW, Lu JY, Hung BY, Chiesa M, Tung PH, Lin JH, Yang TCK. Random lasers from photonic crystal wings of butterfly and moth for speckle-free imaging. Opt Express 2021; 29:2065-2076. [PMID: 33726407 DOI: 10.1364/oe.414334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Several biological membranes have been served as scattering materials of random lasers, but few of them include natural photonic crystals. Here, we propose and demonstrate a facile approach to fabricating high-performance biological photonic crystal random lasers, which is cost-effective and reproducible for mass production. As a benchmark, optical and lasing properties of dye-coated Lepidoptera wings, including Papilio ulysses butterfly and Chrysiridia rhipheus moth, are characterized and show a stable laser emission with a superior threshold of 0.016 mJ/cm2, as compared to previous studies. To deploy the proposed devices in practical implementation, we have applied the as-fabricated biological devices to bright speckle-free imaging applications, which is a more sustainable and more accessible imaging strategy.
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11
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Rani AT, Shashank PR, Meshram NM, Sagar D, Srivastava C, Pandey KK, Singh J. Morphological characterization of antennal sensilla of Earias vittella (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Nolidae). Micron 2020; 140:102957. [PMID: 33120164 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2020.102957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The shoot and fruit borer, Earias vittella Fab. (Lepidoptera: Nolidae) is an important and most devastating insect pest on okra and cotton. The pest mainly responsible for causing significant direct damage to tender shoots and fruits of okra, flowers and green bolls of cotton causing net yield loss in both crops. Many non-chemical control strategies have been developed under the insect pest management program, A complete knowledge on the antennal morphology of E. vitella is essential for future electrophysiological and behavioural studies. In the present study, the antennal morphology and types of sensilla on the antennae of both sexes of E. vitella were examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. Nine distinct types of sensilla were identified on the antennae of both sexes: sensilla trichodea, sensilla basiconica, sensilla coeloconica, sensilla auricillica (multiporous), sensilla chaetica, uniporous peg sensilla (uniporous), sensilla styloconica, sensilla squamiformia and bohm bristles (aporous). Among all sensilla, the most widespread are multiporous sensilla trichodea with 42.90 ± 1.77/flagellomere in male and 37.38 ± 1.38/flagellomere in female. Sensilla basiconica were the second most common sensillum type in male antennae with 15.67 ± 1.92/flagellomere. Other multiporous sensilla such as auricillica (11.90 ± 0.99) and coeloconica (4.57 ± 0.25) were significantly more abundant in female than in male antennae. Results of the study provide morphological evidence that E. vitella antennae possess microscopic cuticular structures that can play a role in perception of pheromones, plant odours and other chemical stimulants. This will open up opportunities to assess the possibility of using pheromones and plant-derived compounds for the monitoring or management of E. vittella moths in the agricultural landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Rani
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, 221305, UP, India
| | - P R Shashank
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Naresh M Meshram
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - D Sagar
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Chitra Srivastava
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - K K Pandey
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, 221305, UP, India
| | - Jagdish Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, 221305, UP, India
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12
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Triana MF, França PHB, Queiroz AFO, Santos JM, Goulart HF, Santana AEG. Morphological, chemical and electrophysiological investigations of Telchin licus (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231689. [PMID: 32298345 PMCID: PMC7162514 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The giant sugarcane borer Telchin licus (Drury, 1773) (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) is a day-flying moth pest of sugarcane, pineapples and bananas. To better understand the chemical communication in this species, we examined the morphology of its olfactory system and the chemical composition of its body parts. The ventral surface of the clubbed antennae of T. licus has six morphological types of sensilla: sensilla trichodea, basiconica, chaetica, squamiforma, coeloconica, and auricillica. The telescopic ovipositor shows no evidence of a sexual gland, or female-specific compounds. On the other hand, the midleg basitarsus of males releases (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadienol and (Z,E)-2,13-octadecadienol, which are electroantennographically active in both sexes. These compounds are known female sex pheromones in the Sesiidae family and are male-specific compounds in another castniid moth, although further investigations are necessary to elucidate their ecological role in the Castniidae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merybeth F. Triana
- Chemistry and Biotechnology Institute, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Paulo H. B. França
- Chemistry and Biotechnology Institute, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
- Agricultural Science Center, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Abel F. O. Queiroz
- Chemistry and Biotechnology Institute, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Jakeline M. Santos
- Chemistry and Biotechnology Institute, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Henrique F. Goulart
- Agricultural Science Center, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
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13
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Soteras F, Rubini Pisano MA, Bariles JB, Moré M, Cocucci AA. Phenotypic selection mosaic for flower length influenced by geographically varying hawkmoth pollinator proboscis length and abiotic environment. New Phytol 2020; 225:985-998. [PMID: 31514238 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biotic and abiotic context may affect the intensity of interspecific interactions and subsequently drive locally particular phenotypic selection patterns on interacting traits. We evaluated the geographical variation of matching traits of the brush-type flowers of Caesalpinia gilliesii and of the proboscis length of its guild of hawkmoth pollinators, as well as their relationship with environmental variables. We assessed the geographical variation of interacting traits (style and filament vs mean proboscis length of the guild of hawkmoths) across seven populations and estimated phenotypic selection on the plant side. Interacting traits showed similar relationships with environmental variables. Phenotypic selection on the plant side was influenced by proboscis length and by environmental conditions. Mean proboscis length of the guild was shorter than previously recorded for the same study area, thus probably shifting the selective optima of flower length. We observed two presumptive coevolutionary cold spots where one-sided negative directional selection is acting on style length. The lack of selection on the pollinator side should be further confirmed. We provided joint evidence, mostly lacking, about the geographical variation of selective pressures on the plant side associated with both proboscis length and abiotic conditions. We suggest that recent environmental change may be shifting floral length optima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Soteras
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Biología Floral, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Malén Aluhé Rubini Pisano
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Biología Floral, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Julieta Belén Bariles
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Biología Floral, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marcela Moré
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Biología Floral, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrea Arístides Cocucci
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Biología Floral, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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Paz-Neto AA, Freitas MTS, Gondim MGC, Melo JWS, Querino RB, Balbino VQ. Which Species of Coconut Moth Occurs in Brazil: Atheloca subrufella vs. Atheloca bondari (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)? Neotrop Entomol 2019; 48:1039-1045. [PMID: 31448375 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-019-00712-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The moths, Atheloca subrufella (Hulst 1887) and A. bondari, (Heinrich 1956) are species known for their economic impact on coconut production, which Brazil is the fourth largest global producer. The first record of Atheloca in Brazil was reported by Bondar in 1940, where the author registered it being A. subrufella. The studies performed by C. Heinrich in 1956 related the existence of divergence in specimens of Brazilian Atheloca suggesting the presence of morphological differences between the males of A. bondari and A. subrufella. In this study, Atheloca specimens from the five states of northeastern Brazil were used. Samples from Pernambuco state were sent to taxonomist Dr. V. O. Becker (Uiraçu Institute-BA) for identification. Male individuals from the other states were mounted for photographic documentation, highlighting the characteristics that differentiate the two species. A fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene was sequenced and then compared with that of the Atheloca spp. deposited in GenBank. An analysis was conducted to evaluate the genetic distance between A. bondari and A. subrufella. The results indicate greater interspecific (0.030-0.034) than intraspecific (0.000-0.002) genetic variation between the groups, reinforcing the hypothesis of two distinct species. A geographic distribution map and a table with the host plants were constructed based on a literature review. This study concluded that the species occurring in Brazil is A. bondari, as suggested by C. Heinrich. Atheloca bondari and A. subrufella have only been reported in plants of the family Arecaceae, but only the coconut tree (Cocos nucifera L.) is shared by the two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Paz-Neto
- Univ Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brasil.
| | | | - M G C Gondim
- Univ Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brasil
| | - J W S Melo
- Univ Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brasil
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15
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Perkins LE, Cribb BW, Pagendam DE, Zalucki MP. Variation in Morphology and Airborne Dispersal of the Urticating Apparatus of Ochrogaster lunifer (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae), an Australian Processionary Caterpillar, and Implications for Livestock and Humans. J Insect Sci 2019; 19:5634379. [PMID: 31782508 PMCID: PMC6883397 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iez112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
True setae borne on the abdominal tergites of Ochrogaster lunifer Herrich-Schӓffer caterpillars are the agents of an irritating contact dermatitis, osteomyelitis, ophthalmia, and severe allergic reactions in humans, and are the cause of Equine Amnionitis and Fetal Loss in Australia. The setae are detached and readily dislodge from the integument whereby they disperse throughout the environment. To better understand the true setae of O. lunifer as agents of medical and veterinary concern, we studied their characteristics and distance dispersed. Whereas members of the European Thaumetopoeinae have been widely studied, their southern-hemisphere counterparts such as O. lunifer are not well known despite their harmfulness and known medical and veterinary importance. The caterpillar's investment in true setae increased with age and size, and two distinct size classes co-occurred in setae fields. A previously undescribed morphological type of true seta was found on the first abdominal segment. All true setae were calculated to travel long distances in the air even under light breeze conditions. Our results show there is a high risk of exposure to airborne urticating setae within 100 m of elevated caterpillar activity, and a likely risk of exposure for some kilometers in the direction of the prevailing breeze. This information should be used to inform management strategies in areas where urticating processionary caterpillars are active, and especially during periods of an outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda E Perkins
- School of Biological Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Bronwen W Cribb
- School of Biological Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy & Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Myron P Zalucki
- School of Biological Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
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Lan B, Kanzaki R, Ando N. Dropping Counter: A Detection Algorithm for Identifying Odour-Evoked Responses from Noisy Electroantennograms Measured by a Flying Robot. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:s19204574. [PMID: 31640187 PMCID: PMC6832354 DOI: 10.3390/s19204574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The electroantennogram (EAG) is a technique used for measuring electrical signals from the antenna of an insect. Its rapid response time, quick recovery speed, and high sensitivity make it suitable for odour-tracking tasks employing mobile robots. However, its application to flying robots has not been extensively studied owing to the electrical and mechanical noises generated. In this study, we investigated the characteristics of the EAG mounted on a tethered flying quadcopter and developed a special counter-based algorithm for detecting the odour-generated responses. As the EAG response is negative, the algorithm creates a window and compares the values inside it. Once a value is smaller than the first one, the counter will increase by one and finally turns the whole signal into a clearer odour stimulated result. By experimental evaluation, the new algorithm gives a higher cross-correlation coefficient when compared with the fixed-threshold method. The result shows that the accuracy of this novel algorithm for recognising odour-evoked EAG signals from noise exceeds that of the traditional method; furthermore, the use of insect antennae as odour sensors for flying robots is demonstrated to be feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bluest Lan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Meguro-ku, Komaba, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan.
| | - Ryohei Kanzaki
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Meguro-ku, Komaba, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan.
| | - Noriyasu Ando
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Meguro-ku, Komaba, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan.
- Department of Systems Life Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Maebashi Institute of Technology, 460-1 Kamisadori-cho, Maebashi, Gunma 371-0816, Japan.
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Madruga J, Specht A, Salik LMG, Casagrande MM. The External Morphology of Mythimna (Pseudaletia) sequax (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Neotrop Entomol 2019; 48:834-852. [PMID: 31290088 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-019-00703-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mythimna (Pseudaletia) sequax Franclemont, 1951 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidade) is the most important armyworm in the American tropics and subtropics. In this study, we describe the external morphology of the immatures and adults, based on larvae fed on quicuio grass (Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov - Poaceae). The external morphology of the eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults is described and illustrated. Important taxonomic structures of the larvae are described, including hypopharynx, spinneret, and mandible. Adult structures that allow the differentiation of the species, such as male genitalia and scent brushes, are also described. The results are compared and discussed based on morph functionality and with publications on the congeneric species.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Madruga
- Depto de Zoologia, Univ Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil
| | - A Specht
- Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina, Distrito Federal, Brasil.
| | - L M G Salik
- Depto de Zoologia, Univ Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil
| | - M M Casagrande
- Depto de Zoologia, Univ Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil
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San Blas G, Silva Dias FM, Specht A, Martins Casagrande M, Hendrik Mielke OH. Overlooked South American noctuid species: revalidation of Feltia llanoi stat. rev. and redescription of Feltia brachystria (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Neotrop Entomol 2019; 48:614-627. [PMID: 30758777 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-018-00668-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Feltia llanoi (Köhler, 1953) stat. rev. and its hitherto senior subjective synonym Feltia brachystria (Hampson, 1903) are two species of noctuid moths with unusual broadly bipectinate antenna and restricted distribution in central eastern Argentina, southern Brazil, and Uruguay. Examination of the type of specimens and further material from several collections indicates that these names are not synonyms, but valid species, and reveal the occurrence of F. llanoistat. rev. in Brazil. Therefore, F. llanoistat. rev. and F. brachystria are redescribed and the former name is reinstated to species, including taxonomic comments, illustration of some characters of taxonomic importance, and of structures of the male and female genitalia. The species are compared with similar-looking and supposedly closely related species, such as F. chilensis (Hampson, 1903), F. carolia (Schaus, 1929), and F. gypaetina (Guenée, 1852). Additionally, in order to stabilize nomenclature, a lectotype for F. llanoistat. rev. is designated, and Agrotis daguerrei Köhler, 1961 is here recognized as a junior subjective synonym of F. llanoistat. rev. (syn. nov.).
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Affiliation(s)
- G San Blas
- CONICET - Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Univ Nacional de La Pampa, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina.
| | - F M Silva Dias
- Lab de Estudos de Lepidoptera Neotropical, Depto de Zoologia, Univ Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil
| | - A Specht
- Embrapa Cerrados, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brasil
| | - M Martins Casagrande
- Lab de Estudos de Lepidoptera Neotropical, Depto de Zoologia, Univ Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil
| | - O H Hendrik Mielke
- Lab de Estudos de Lepidoptera Neotropical, Depto de Zoologia, Univ Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil
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Poinar G, Vega FE. Poisonous setae on a Baltic amber caterpillar. Arthropod Struct Dev 2019; 51:37-40. [PMID: 31376469 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2019.100879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The knobbed setae on a small caterpillar in 45-55 million years old [Eocene] Baltic amber were studied and characterized as urticating, with evidence of liquid release implying the production of poisons. It is presumed that the caterpillar had been disturbed just prior to falling into the resin, as some of its setae showed defensive responses. The swollen tips of the setae are equipped with "trip hairs" and when disturbed, the tips release liquid deposits, some of which contain rod-like bodies. These setal responses to a disturbance are the first report of poisonous setal defense mechanisms in a fossil insect.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Poinar
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Fernando E Vega
- Sustainable Perennial Crops Laboratory, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
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20
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Peng F, Campos EO, Sullivan JG, Berry N, Song BB, Daniel TL, Bradshaw HD. Morphospace exploration reveals divergent fitness optima between plants and pollinators. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213029. [PMID: 30865672 PMCID: PMC6415803 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The obligate mutualism and exquisite specificity of many plant-pollinator interactions lead to the expectation that flower phenotypes (e.g., corolla tube length) and corresponding pollinator traits (e.g., hawkmoth proboscis length) are congruent as a result of coevolution by natural selection. However, the effect of variation in flower morphology on the fitness of plants and their pollinators has not been quantified systematically. In this study, we employed the theoretical morphospace paradigm using a combination of 3D printing, electronic sensing, and machine vision technologies to determine the influence of two flower morphological features (corolla curvature and nectary diameter) on the fitness of both parties: the artificial flower and its hawkmoth pollinator. Contrary to the expectation that the same flower morphology maximizes the fitness of both plant and pollinator, we found that the two parties have divergent optima for corolla curvature, with non-overlapping fitness peaks in flower morphospace. The divergent fitness optima between plants and pollinators could lead to evolutionary diversification in both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foen Peng
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Eric O. Campos
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Joseph Garret Sullivan
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Nathan Berry
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Bo Bin Song
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Thomas L. Daniel
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - H. D. Bradshaw
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Dias FMS, Specht A, Roque-Specht VF, San Blas G, Casagrande MM, Mielke OHH. Feltia submontana (Noctuidae, Noctuinae): Redescription, Taxonomy, Life Cycle, and Spatial Distribution of a Neglected South American Potential Pest Species. Neotrop Entomol 2019; 48:98-110. [PMID: 29873032 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-018-0611-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Feltia submontana (Köhler, 1961) is redescribed based on specimens from Northwestern Argentina and Central and Southeastern Brazil. Taxonomic comments, photographs of the adults, characters of taxonomic importance, and illustrations of structures of the labial palpus, legs, and male and female genitalia are provided. The species is compared with similar-looking and supposedly closely related species, such as F. hispidula (Guenée, 1852) and F. lilacina (Zerny, 1916). The species, originally described for Argentina, is reported for Brazil for the first time. Most Brazilian specimens come from the "Cerrado" but also from Southeastern Atlantic Forests. The life cycle of F. submontana specimens collected in Planaltina, Distrito Federal, Brazil, is described; the species probably has only a single generation per year and imagines are on the wing in the late autumn and early winter months; the last instar prepupa and pupa pass through aestival diapause. The abundance of F. submontana relative to other species of Agrotis Ochsenheimer, 1816, and Feltia Walker, 1856, in the above-cited locality is accessed through 4 years of standardized collecting with light trap; the species is the second most abundant species of these genera in the area, with about one fifth of the captures, second only to A. ipsilon (Hufnagel, 1766), with about two thirds of the captures, and about two times more abundant than F. subterranea (Fabricius, 1794); the latter two are regarded as important pest species in South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M S Dias
- Lab de Estudos de Lepidoptera Neotropical, Depto de Zoologia, Univ Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, 81.531-980, Brasil.
| | - A Specht
- Lab de Entomologia, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina, Distrito Federal, Brasil
| | - V F Roque-Specht
- Univ de Brasília Campus Planaltina, Planaltina, Distrito Federal, Brasil
| | - G San Blas
- CONICET - Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Univ Nacional de La Pampa, Santa Rosa, Argentina
| | - M M Casagrande
- Lab de Estudos de Lepidoptera Neotropical, Depto de Zoologia, Univ Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, 81.531-980, Brasil
| | - O H H Mielke
- Lab de Estudos de Lepidoptera Neotropical, Depto de Zoologia, Univ Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, 81.531-980, Brasil
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22
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Sánchez MN, Sciani JM, Quintana MA, Martínez MM, Tavares FL, Gritti MA, Fan HW, Teibler GP, Peichoto ME. Understanding toxicological implications of accidents with caterpillars Megalopyge lanata and Podalia orsilochus (Lepidoptera: Megalopygidae). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 216:110-119. [PMID: 30448590 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Megalopygids Megalopyge lanata and Podalia orsilochus are common causative agents of accidents in agricultural workers. These accidents are provoked by dermal contact at their larval stage and are characterized by cutaneous reactions, such as burning pain, edema and erythema, typically mild and self-limited. There is very little information about their venoms and their toxicological implications on human health. Thus, we employed proteomic techniques and biological assays to characterize venoms (bristle extracts) from caterpillars of both species collected from Misiones, Argentina. The electrophoretic profiles of both venoms were substantially different, and they presented proteins related to toxicity, such as serinepeptidases, serpins and lectins. P. orsilochus venom exhibited higher caseinolytic activity than M. lanata venom, agreeing with the fact that only P. orsilochus venom hydrolyzed human fibrin(ogen). In addition, the latter shortened the clotting time triggered by calcium. While the venom of M. lanata induced a mild inflammatory lesion in mouse skin, P. orsilochus venom caused prominent necrosis, inflammatory infiltration and hemorrhage at the site of venom injection. On the other hand, P. orsilochus venom was better recognized by Lonomia obliqua antivenom, although many of its proteins could not be cross-reacted, what may explain the difference in the clinical manifestations between accidents by Podalia and those by Lonomia. Altogether, this study provides relevant information about the pathophysiological mechanisms whereby both caterpillars can induce toxicity on human beings, and paves the way for novel discovery of naturally occurring bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías N Sánchez
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical (INMeT), Neuquén y Jujuy s/n, 3370 Puerto Iguazú, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (FCV), Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE), Sargento Cabral 2139, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Juliana M Sciani
- Laboratório Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa, Universidade São Francisco, Av. São Francisco de Assis, 218, 12916-900 Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
| | - María A Quintana
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical (INMeT), Neuquén y Jujuy s/n, 3370 Puerto Iguazú, Argentina
| | - María M Martínez
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical (INMeT), Neuquén y Jujuy s/n, 3370 Puerto Iguazú, Argentina
| | - Flávio L Tavares
- Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA) - ILACVN - Av. Tarquínio Joslin dos Santos, 1000, Foz do Iguaçu - PR, CEP 85870-650, Brazil
| | - Micaela A Gritti
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (FCV), Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE), Sargento Cabral 2139, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Hui W Fan
- Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil, 1500, 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gladys P Teibler
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (FCV), Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE), Sargento Cabral 2139, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina
| | - María E Peichoto
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical (INMeT), Neuquén y Jujuy s/n, 3370 Puerto Iguazú, Argentina.
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Finch JTD, Power SA, Welbergen JA, Cook JM. Two's company, three's a crowd: co-occurring pollinators and parasite species in Breynia oblongifolia (Phyllanthaceae). BMC Evol Biol 2018; 18:193. [PMID: 30547744 PMCID: PMC6295073 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-018-1314-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obligate pollination mutualisms (OPMs) are specialized interactions in which female pollinators transport pollen between the male and female flowers of a single plant species and then lay eggs into those same flowers. The pollinator offspring hatch and feed upon some or all of the developing ovules pollinated by their mothers. Strong trait matching between plants and their pollinators in OPMs is expected to result in reciprocal partner specificity i.e., a single pollinator species using a single plant species and vice versa, and strict co-speciation. These issues have been studied extensively in figs and fig wasps, but little in the more recently discovered co-diversification of Epicephala moths and their Phyllanthaceae hosts. OPMs involving Epicephala moths are believed occur in approximately 500 species of Phyllanthaceae, making it the second largest OPM group after the Ficus radiation (> 750 species). In this study, we used a mixture of DNA barcoding, genital morphology and behavioral observations to determine the number of Epicephala moth species inhabiting the fruits of Breynia oblongifolia, their geographic distribution, pollinating behavior and phylogenetic relationships. RESULTS We found that B. oblongifolia hosts two species of pollinator that co-occurred at all study sites, violating the assumption of reciprocal specificity. Male and female genital morphologies both differed considerably between the two moth species. In particular, females differed in the shape of their ovipositors, eggs and oviposition sites. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that the two Epicephala spp. on B. oblongifolia likely co-exist due to a host switch. In addition, we discovered that Breynia fruits are also often inhabited by a third moth, an undescribed species of Herpystis, which is a non-pollinating seed parasite. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals new complexity in interactions between Phyllantheae and Epicephala pollinators and highlights that host switching, co-speciation and non-pollinating seed parasites can shape species interactions in OPMs. Our finding that co-occurring Epicephala species have contrasting oviposition modes parallels other studies and suggests that such traits are important in Epicephala species coexistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. T. D. Finch
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Hawkesbury Campus, Western Sydney University, Science Rd, Richmond, NSW 2753 Australia
| | - S. A. Power
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Hawkesbury Campus, Western Sydney University, Science Rd, Richmond, NSW 2753 Australia
| | - J. A. Welbergen
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Hawkesbury Campus, Western Sydney University, Science Rd, Richmond, NSW 2753 Australia
| | - J. M. Cook
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Hawkesbury Campus, Western Sydney University, Science Rd, Richmond, NSW 2753 Australia
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Beccacece HM, San Blas G, Drewniak ME, Barrionuevo MJ, Krauczuk ER, Chalup AE, Zapata AI. Revision of "Aemilia" pagana Species-Group (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae), with a Description of a New Endemic Species and Comments on the Conservation Status. Neotrop Entomol 2018; 47:852-862. [PMID: 29450861 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-018-0593-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A taxonomical rearrangement of "Aemilia" pagana species-group is proposed: Leucanopsis pagana (Schaus in Proc Zool Soc London 1894:225-243, 1894) comb. nov. and L. ninae (Orfila in Rev Soc Entomol Argent 21:67-70, 1959) comb. nov. A new endemic species from Pampa de Achala, Córdoba, Argentina, closer to both species, is described: Leucanopsis navarroi sp. nov. These three species can be recognized because the color pattern is the darkest among species of Leucanopsis. Characteristics of male genitalia suggest the nomenclatural rearrangement proposed. Leucanopsis pagana comb. nov. has a wide distribution from the center of Brazil to northeastern Argentina, including southern Paraguay. The known distribution and geospatial analysis suggest that this species is not in danger. Leucanopsis ninae comb. nov. is restricted to only one known locality (Villa Gesell, Buenos Aires). The restricted known distribution, the different land use practices, and geospatial analysis suggest that this species could be endangered. Leucanopsis navarroi sp. nov. is endemic to the high plateau present in the center of Argentina called Pampa de Achala. The known distribution and geospatial analysis suggest that this species could be endangered. Further studies are necessary to determine effectively the conservation status of these three species.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Beccacece
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Univ Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina.
- Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), UNC-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Av. Vélez Sársfield 1611, Zip Code 5016, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - G San Blas
- Depto de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Univ Nacional de La Pampa-CONICET, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - M E Drewniak
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Univ Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, UNC-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M J Barrionuevo
- Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas (INECOA)-CONICET, Jujuy, Argentina
| | - E R Krauczuk
- Guardaparque, Ministerio de Ecologia y Recursos Naturales Renovables, Misiones, Argentina
| | - A E Chalup
- Fundación Miguel Lillo, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - A I Zapata
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Univ Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
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25
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Yuan YY, Li M, Fan F, Qiu XH. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of larval and adult Malpighian tubules from the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera. Insect Sci 2018; 25:991-1005. [PMID: 29178196 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Malpighian tubules (MTs) are usually considered the key excretory and osmoregulatory organs of insects. However, increasing evidence has suggested that MTs perform many more functions than just osmoregulation. Until now, the molecular and physiological functions of MTs in the cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera), a very important agricultural pest, are largely unknown. In this study, the transcriptomes of H. armigera MTs from larvae, male adults and female adults were sequenced using RNA-Seq technology, and comparative analyses of transcriptomes between two life stages (larval and adult) and between adult sexes were conducted. We generated a total of 84 643 high-quality unigenes, and identified a large number of abundant transcripts putatively encoding proteins involved in diuresis, detoxification, immunity, carbohydrate transport and metabolism, development and reproduction. We found that the expression pattern of unigenes was relatively similar between female and male adult MTs, but different between larval and adult MTs. Our data suggest that insect MTs may take multiple physiological functions as versatile organs. The extensive alterations in gene expression in MTs occurred from larvae to adults reflect an ecological adaptation to different feeding habits. Sexual dimorphism in the cotton bollworm is somewhat indicated by the transcriptional difference of genes related to carbohydrate metabolism, detoxification, immunity and reproduction in the MTs of male and female adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xing-Hui Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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26
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Queiroz-Santos L, Casagrande MM, Specht A. Morphological Characterization of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Heliothinae). Neotrop Entomol 2018; 47:517-542. [PMID: 29450860 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-017-0581-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) is a widespread lepidopteran pest found in various crops worldwide. This highly polyphagous species, commonly found both in the Old and New World, has caused significant economic damage as an invasive agricultural pest in Brazil since 2013. The goal of the present study is to provide a detailed morphological assessment of adults and immature stages of H. armigera, as this species is often confused with H. zea (Boddie), a congeneric species that is native to the New World. The biology data were acquired during four full life cycles, and observations on general behavior, nocturnal habits of larvae and adults, and sensitivity of larvae to humidity were recorded. Larval chaetotaxy differs between the first and the remaining instars, which bear L2 on the meso- and metathorax and L3 on A3 through A6, along with conspicuous chalazae and longitudinal bands. Important morphological characters of this species include the following: eggs with four micropylar openings, lined with 12 cells arranged in the shape of a rosette; pupa adecticous and obtect, with prominent spiracles; adults with the distal antennomere striate. Adults exhibit sexual dimorphism in the number of setae on the frenulum and spines on the prothoracic leg. Illustrations of the critical morphological features of this species are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Queiroz-Santos
- Lab de Estudos de Lepidoptera Neotropical, Depto de Zoologia, Univ Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, P.O. Box 19020, Brasil.
| | - M M Casagrande
- Lab de Estudos de Lepidoptera Neotropical, Depto de Zoologia, Univ Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, P.O. Box 19020, Brasil
| | - A Specht
- Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina, Brasil
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27
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Rohr BR, Dorion RP. What's eating you? clothes moths (Tineola species). Cutis 2018; 101:413-414. [PMID: 30063781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Common household insects can be confused with ectoparasites. Understanding the basic identification and monitoring techniques of clothes moths will help the clinician identify if a patient has an infestation of the household versus his/her body. Clothes moth larvae are not parasites but are found on infested clothing and can be confused with myiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany R Rohr
- Department of Dermatology, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - R Patrick Dorion
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA
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28
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Yuvaraj JK, Andersson MN, Anderbrant O, Löfstedt C. Diversity of olfactory structures: A comparative study of antennal sensilla in Trichoptera and Lepidoptera. Micron 2018; 111:9-18. [PMID: 29804006 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The antenna is the main sensory organ of insects, housing different types of sensilla dedicated to detect chemical cues, motion, humidity and temperature. Sensilla are divided into different types based on their wall structure and morphology. Among the olfactory sensilla, there is an enormous variation in the numbers and morphological types present in different insect taxa. The reasons for this variation remain obscure, though there may be a correlation between sensillum morphology and the characteristics of the stimulus that the olfactory sensory neurons inside the sensillum detect. Here, we report the first comparative analysis of the morphology and ultrastructure of sensilla from Rhyacophila nubila (Rhyacophilidae: Trichoptera) and three species of Lepidoptera, Eriocrania semipurpurella (Eriocraniidae), Lampronia capitella (Prodoxidae), and Bicyclus anynana (Nymphalidae), which use different chemical types of pheromones. Our results, together with a thorough literature review, suggest a shift in major types of olfactory sensilla, from a high proportion of sensilla placodea or auricillica in Trichoptera and the most basal moth lineages (including Eriocraniidae), respectively, to sensilla trichodea in the more derived Lepidoptera (including Prodoxidae and the Ditrysia clade), which parallels the change in the types of sex pheromones used.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Olle Anderbrant
- Department of Biology, Lund University, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
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29
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Zhang Q, Mey W, Ansorge J, Starkey TA, McDonald LT, McNamara ME, Jarzembowski EA, Wichard W, Kelly R, Ren X, Chen J, Zhang H, Wang B. Fossil scales illuminate the early evolution of lepidopterans and structural colors. Sci Adv 2018; 4:e1700988. [PMID: 29651455 PMCID: PMC5895446 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1700988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Lepidopteran scales exhibit remarkably complex ultrastructures, many of which produce structural colors that are the basis for diverse communication strategies. Little is known, however, about the early evolution of lepidopteran scales and their photonic structures. We report scale architectures from Jurassic Lepidoptera from the United Kingdom, Germany, Kazakhstan, and China and from Tarachoptera (a stem group of Amphiesmenoptera) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. The Jurassic lepidopterans exhibit a type 1 bilayer scale vestiture: an upper layer of large fused cover scales and a lower layer of small fused ground scales. This scale arrangement, plus preserved herringbone ornamentation on the cover scale surface, is almost identical to those of some extant Micropterigidae. Critically, the fossil scale ultrastructures have periodicities measuring from 140 to 2000 nm and are therefore capable of scattering visible light, providing the earliest evidence of structural colors in the insect fossil record. Optical modeling confirms that diffraction-related scattering mechanisms dominate the photonic properties of the fossil cover scales, which would have displayed broadband metallic hues as in numerous extant Micropterigidae. The fossil tarachopteran scales exhibit a unique suite of characteristics, including small size, elongate-spatulate shape, ridged ornamentation, and irregular arrangement, providing novel insight into the early evolution of lepidopteran scales. Combined, our results provide the earliest evidence for structural coloration in fossil lepidopterans and support the hypothesis that fused wing scales and the type 1 bilayer covering are groundplan features of the group. Wing scales likely had deep origins in earlier amphiesmenopteran lineages before the appearance of the Lepidoptera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Sciences and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wolfram Mey
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute of Evolution and Biodiversity Research, Humboldt University, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Ansorge
- Institute of Geography and Geology, University of Greifswald, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Timothy A. Starkey
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK
| | - Luke T. McDonald
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, North Mall, Cork T23 TK30, Ireland
| | - Maria E. McNamara
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, North Mall, Cork T23 TK30, Ireland
| | - Edmund A. Jarzembowski
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Wilfried Wichard
- Institute of Biology and its Didactics, University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Richard Kelly
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
- Department of Natural Sciences, National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh EH1 1JF, UK
| | - Xiaoyin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Haichun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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30
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Viela F, Navarro-Baena I, Hernández JJ, Osorio MR, Rodríguez I. Moth-eye mimetic cytocompatible bactericidal nanotopography: a convergent design. Bioinspir Biomim 2018; 13:026011. [PMID: 29350201 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/aaa903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The rapid emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria has prompted the need for radically different approaches to combat bacterial infections. Among these, bioinspired surface topographies have emerged as an effective sustainable strategy to deter bacterial infection. This study demonstrates the bactericidal activity and cytocompatibility of the moth-eye mimetic topography produced by thermal polymer nanoimprinting. The moth-eye topography was found to have bactericidal capabilities against Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. Electron microscopy imaging revealed the bactericidal effect caused by mechanical rupture of the bacteria wall inflicted by the topography on the adhered cells. The cytocompatibility of the surfaces was evidenced by assessing the proliferation and morphology of keratinocytes cultured on the nanotopography. The technology meets important needs in medical implant technology for materials that not only have good biocompatibility but also antibacterial properties for reducing the risk of infections and related health complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Viela
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Nanoscience (IMDEA Nanoscience), C/Faraday 9, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
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31
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Ma S, Liu L, Dou M, Ma Z, Zhang X. Comparative studies on muscle microstructure and ultrastructure of Mythimna separata Walker treated with wilforgine and chlorantraniliprole. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 147:1023-1034. [PMID: 29976005 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We attempted to elucidate the comparative effects between wilforgine and chlorantraniliprole on the microstructure/ultrastructure of muscle tissue in Mythimna separate larvae. The typical toxicity symptoms of M. separata larvae upon wilforgine treatment was feeding cessation and flaccid paralysis, whereas feeding cessation and contraction paralysis were the main poisoning symptoms wrought by chlorantraniliprole. Light-microscopy observations showed that the microstructure of muscle tissue could be damaged by wilforgine and chlorantraniliprole, and the death of insects was associated with muscle lesions. Muscle tissue was loose after wilforgine treatment but constricted muscle tissue was observed upon chlorantraniliprole treatment. Transmission electron microscopy showed that wilforgine and chlorantraniliprole could disrupt endomembranes and plasma membranes. These results suggest that wilforgine can induce microstructural and ultrastructural changes in the muscles of M. separata larvae; the sites of action are proposed to be calcium receptors or channels in the muscular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Ma
- Research & Development Center of Biorational Pesticide, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Research & Development Center of Biorational Pesticide, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Minxiang Dou
- Research & Development Center of Biorational Pesticide, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhiqing Ma
- Research & Development Center of Biorational Pesticide, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; Research Center of Biopesticide Technology and Engineering, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China.
| | - Xing Zhang
- Research & Development Center of Biorational Pesticide, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; Research Center of Biopesticide Technology and Engineering, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
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32
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Moraes SS, Otero LS, Freitas AVL. Natural History and Comparative Morphology of Immatures of Gamelia anableps (C. Felder & R. Felder) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae, Hemileucinae). Neotrop Entomol 2017; 46:397-408. [PMID: 27987160 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-016-0473-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Egg, larva, and pupa of Gamelia anableps (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1874) are described for the first time and the chaetotaxy of the first instar provided. Eggs and selected structures of larvae and pupae were also investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy. Eggs are laid in clusters, are ellipsoidal and laterally flat. Larvae passed through eight instars in about 78 days. Pupation occurs inside a poorly organized cocoon of yellowish silk. The dark brown pupa is cylindrical in shape with appendages firmly fused together and to the body wall. The chaeotaxy is compared with other Saturniidae species belongining to Hemileucinae, Ceratocampinae, and Saturniinae and the natural history of G. anableps compared with other Saturniidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Moraes
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Univ Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brasil
| | - L S Otero
- Museu Nacional da Univ Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - A V L Freitas
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Univ Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brasil.
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Balbi EI, Flores FM, Tosto DS, Arneodo JD. Further Description of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Male Genitalia and New Genetic Evidence of Synonymy With Respect to the Anomalous Form, "Heliothis stombleri". J Insect Sci 2017; 17:3852624. [PMID: 28973573 PMCID: PMC5779310 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iex049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Helicoverpa/Heliothis complex can cause serious damage to agricultural crops. Phenotypic similarity makes it difficult to discriminate between closely related Helicoverpa species. Currently, morphology of the male genitalia complemented with molecular techniques constitutes the best approach for species identification. In this work, a broad microscopic examination of adult Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) males (n = 200) captured in central Argentina was carried out in order to provide a detailed description of the valvae and the phallus. A considerable degree of variability was recorded. Both rounded and sharp valve apices were observed and valvae were not always parallel-sided. Most evident differences were detected concerning the number of cornuti on the phallus. A range of 15-21 cornuti per phallus was recorded, the mode being 18. A significant minority of the samples (3.5%) displayed an abnormal genital condition showing a constricted phallus lacking cornuti, and pointed valvae. This form was initially attributed to a distinct species, Heliothis stombleri, and later proposed as a synonym of H. zea based on additional morphological observations and molecular studies. Here, a phylogenetic analysis combining mitochondrial (cytochrome oxidase subunit I) and nuclear (elongation factor -1 alpha) genes was performed on these and other Helicoverpa specimens collected in the same geographical region, in order to further verify the taxonomic status of H. stombleri. The tree topology clearly grouped H. stombleri with H. zea, supporting the assumption that the former represents, in fact, an anomalous form of the latter. Further experiments are needed to clarify the etiology of this anomaly and its persistence over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia I. Balbi
- EEA-INTA Marcos Juárez, Ruta 12 km 3, 2580 Marcos Juárez, Argentina
(;
)
| | - Fernando M. Flores
- EEA-INTA Marcos Juárez, Ruta 12 km 3, 2580 Marcos Juárez, Argentina
(;
)
| | - Daniela S. Tosto
- Instituto de Biotecnología (IB)-INTA, Nicolás Repetto y de los Reseros, 1686
Hurlingham, Argentina ()
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ave.
Rivadavia 1917, 1033 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Joel D. Arneodo
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ave.
Rivadavia 1917, 1033 Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola (IMyZA) – INTA, Nicolás
Repetto y de los Reseros, 1686 Hurlingham, Argentina
()
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34
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Nirazawa T, Fujii T, Seki Y, Namiki S, Kazawa T, Kanzaki R, Ishikawa Y. Morphology and physiology of antennal lobe projection neurons in the hawkmoth Agrius convolvuli. J Insect Physiol 2017; 98:214-222. [PMID: 28118991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The neuronal pathways involved in the processing of sex pheromone information were investigated in the hawkmoth Agrius convolvuli (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae), which uses (E,E)-11,13-hexadecadienal (E11,E13-16:Ald) as the single sex pheromone component. We first clarified the anatomical organization of the antennal lobe of A. convolvuli. Subsequently, central neurons in the antennal lobe that responded to E11,E13-16:Ald were identified. The dendritic processes of these neurons were confined within a specific glomerulus (cumulus) in the antennal lobe. The axons of these neurons projected to the inferior lateral protocerebrum and mushroom body calyx. Although the anatomical organization and morphology of individual neurons in A. convolvuli were similar to other species in the superfamily Bombycoidea, the use of cumulus as the single pathway for sex pheromone information processing was characteristic to this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Nirazawa
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan; Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8567, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fujii
- Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8567, Japan.
| | - Yoichi Seki
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Namiki
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kazawa
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Ryohei Kanzaki
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Yukio Ishikawa
- Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8567, Japan
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35
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Zheng Y, Wu RX, Dorn S, Chen MH. Diversity of tortricid moths in apple orchards: evidence for a cryptic species of Grapholita (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from China. Bull Entomol Res 2017; 107:268-280. [PMID: 27809942 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485316000973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding herbivore diversity both at the species and genetic levels is a key to effective pest management. We examined moth samples from multiple locations from a major apple growing region in China. For specimen collection, we used a pheromone trap designed to attract Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Surprisingly, we found a second species captured at high proportions. Its external morphology (e.g., male genitalia and forewing coloration) was the same as for Grapholita funebrana Treitschke (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) specimens from Europe. However, the barcode sequence of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase I (COI) diverged markedly between specimens from China and Europe, and the genetic distance value between the specimens from the two regions as estimated using the Juke-Cantor (JC) model amounted to 0.067. These morphological and molecular findings together point to a cryptic species in G. funebrana from China. Further molecular analyses based on COI and COII genes revealed its extremely high genetic diversity, indicating that the origin of this species includes the sampling region. Moreover, molecular data suggest that this species passed through a recent population expansion. This is the first report on a cryptic species in G. funebrana, as well as the first report on its genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zheng
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China
| | - R X Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China
| | - S Dorn
- ETH Zurich, Applied Entomology,Schmelzbergstrasse 9/LFO, 8092 Zurich,Switzerland
| | - M H Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China
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Zhang C, Yi P, Peng L, Ni J. Optimization and continuous fabrication of moth-eye nanostructure array on flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrate towards broadband antireflection. Appl Opt 2017; 56:2901-2907. [PMID: 28375259 DOI: 10.1364/ao.56.002901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Reflection loss can cause harmful effects on the performance of optoelectronic devices, such as cell phones, notebooks, displays, solar cells, and light-emitting diode (LED) devices. In order to obtain broadband antireflection (AR) properties, many researchers have utilized surface texture techniques to produce AR subwavelength structures on the interfaces. Among the AR subwavelength structures, the moth-eye nanostructure is one of the most promising structures, with the potential for commercialization in the near future. In this research, to obtain broadband AR performance, the optimization of moth-eye nanostructures was first carried out using the finite difference time domain method within the spectral ranges of 400-800 nm, including the optimization of shape, height, pitch, and residual layer thickness. In addition, the continuous production of moth-eye nanostructure array upon a flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrate was demonstrated by using the roll-to-roll ultraviolet nanoimprint lithography (R2R UV-NIL) process and anodic aluminum oxide mold, which provided a solution for the cost-effective fabrication of moth-eye nanostructure array. The AR performance of moth-eye nanostructure array obtained by the R2R UV-NIL process was also investigated experimentally, and good consistence was shown with the simulated results. This research can provide a beneficial direction for the optimization and cost-effective production of the moth-eye nanostructure array.
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Schellenberger Costa D, Classen A, Ferger S, Helbig-Bonitz M, Peters M, Böhning-Gaese K, Steffan-Dewenter I, Kleyer M. Relationships between abiotic environment, plant functional traits, and animal body size at Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174157. [PMID: 28319155 PMCID: PMC5358856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect-response framework states that plant functional traits link the abiotic environment to ecosystem functioning. One ecosystem property is the body size of the animals living in the system, which is assumed to depend on temperature or resource availability, among others. For primary consumers, resource availability may directly be related to plant traits, while for secondary consumers the relationship is indirect. We used plant traits to describe resource availability along an elevational gradient on Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Using structural equation models, we determined the response of plant traits to changes in precipitation, temperature and disturbance with and assessed whether abiotic conditions or community-weighted means of plant traits are stronger predictors of the mean size of bees, moths, frugivorous birds, and insectivorous birds. Traits indicating tissue density and nutrient content strongly responded to variations in precipitation, temperature and disturbance. They had direct effects on pollination and fruit traits. However, the average body sizes of the animal groups considered could only be explained by temperature and habitat structure, not by plant traits. Our results demonstrate a strong link between traits and the abiotic environment, but suggest that temperature is the most relevant predictor of mean animal body size. Community-weighted means of plant traits and body sizes appear unsuitable to capture the complexity of plant-animal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice Classen
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Ferger
- Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Biodiversity and Climate Research Center, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Marcell Peters
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Böhning-Gaese
- Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Biodiversity and Climate Research Center, Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute for Ecology, Evolution & Diversity, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Kleyer
- Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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Pantelić D, Savić-Šević S, Stojanović DV, Ćurčić S, Krmpot AJ, Rabasović M, Pavlović D, Lazović V, Milošević V. Scattering-enhanced absorption and interference produce a golden wing color of the burnished brass moth, Diachrysia chrysitis. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:032405. [PMID: 28415223 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.032405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Here we report how interference and scattering-enhanced absorption act together to produce the golden wing patches of the burnished brass moth. The key mechanism is scattering on rough internal surfaces of the wing scales, accompanied by a large increase of absorption in the UV-blue spectral range. Unscattered light interferes and efficiently reflects from the multilayer composed of the scales and the wing membranes. The resulting spectrum is remarkably similar to the spectrum of metallic gold. Subwavelength morphology and spectral and absorptive properties of the wings are described. Theories of subwavelength surface scattering and local intensity enhancement are used to quantitatively explain the observed reflectance spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Pantelić
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Savić-Šević
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan V Stojanović
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Srećko Ćurčić
- Institute of Zoology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Biology, Studentski Trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar J Krmpot
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mihailo Rabasović
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danica Pavlović
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Lazović
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vojislav Milošević
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia
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Abstract
Processionary moths carry urticating setae, which cause health problems in humans and other warm-blooded animals. The pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa has responded to global change (climate warming and increased global trade) by extending its distribution range. The subfamily Thaumetopoeinae consists of approximately 100 species. An important question is whether other processionary moth species will similarly respond to these specific dimensions of global change and thus introduce health hazards into new areas. We describe, for the first time, how setae are distributed on different life stages (adult, larva) of major groups within the subfamily. Using the available data, we conclude that there is little evidence that processionary moths as a group will behave like T. pityocampa and expand their distributional range. The health problems caused by setae strongly relate to population density, which may, or may not, be connected to global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Battisti
- Department DAFNAE, University of Padova, Legnaro I-35020, Italy;
| | - Stig Larsson
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala S-75007, Sweden;
| | - Alain Roques
- Forest Zoology, UR INRA 0633, Orléans F-45075, France;
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Reid A, Marin-Cudraz T, Windmill JFC, Greenfield MD. Evolution of directional hearing in moths via conversion of bat detection devices to asymmetric pressure gradient receivers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E7740-E7748. [PMID: 27849607 PMCID: PMC5137745 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1615691113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Small animals typically localize sound sources by means of complex internal connections and baffles that effectively increase time or intensity differences between the two ears. However, some miniature acoustic species achieve directional hearing without such devices, indicating that other mechanisms have evolved. Using 3D laser vibrometry to measure tympanum deflection, we show that female lesser waxmoths (Achroia grisella) can orient toward the 100-kHz male song, because each ear functions independently as an asymmetric pressure gradient receiver that responds sharply to high-frequency sound arriving from an azimuth angle 30° contralateral to the animal's midline. We found that females presented with a song stimulus while running on a locomotion compensation sphere follow a trajectory 20°-40° to the left or right of the stimulus heading but not directly toward it, movement consistent with the tympanum deflections and suggestive of a monaural mechanism of auditory tracking. Moreover, females losing their track typically regain it by auditory scanning-sudden, wide deviations in their heading-and females initially facing away from the stimulus quickly change their general heading toward it, orientation indicating superior ability to resolve the front-rear ambiguity in source location. X-ray computer-aided tomography (CT) scans of the moths did not reveal any internal coupling between the two ears, confirming that an acoustic insect can localize a sound source based solely on the distinct features of each ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Reid
- Centre for Ultrasonic Engineering, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XW, United Kingdom;
| | - Thibaut Marin-Cudraz
- Institut de recherche sur la biologie de l'insecte, CNRS UMR 7261, Université François Rabelais de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
| | - James F C Windmill
- Centre for Ultrasonic Engineering, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XW, United Kingdom
| | - Michael D Greenfield
- Institut de recherche sur la biologie de l'insecte, CNRS UMR 7261, Université François Rabelais de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
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Kadlec T, Pikner M, Piknerova G. Sex-biased response in activity to light sources with different spectral composition in geometrid moths with flightless females (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Bull Entomol Res 2016; 106:581-590. [PMID: 27121274 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485316000298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Geometrid moths occurring in late autumn and early spring in temperate forest habitats are often harmful defoliators of deciduous stands. Their populations can cause locally cyclic outbreaks and thus preventive monitoring actions have been developed, mainly based on pheromone attraction of males. Females are mostly flightless with reduced or lost wings and reduced senses associated with flying. Males are standard flyers with well-developed eyes and must be able to deal with rapidly changing light conditions during their activity. Although such differences indicate sex-biased differences in reactions to light, this has been insufficiently tested. In conditions of an experimental arena and using light-emitting diodes, we tested the different reactions of the sexes for nine species to precisely defined short segments of the electromagnetic spectrum in the range 360-660 nm. Across all species, males preferred shorter wavelengths up to 500 nm, while females were nonselective and generally less active. The sexes differed by eye size and body mass, with males having significantly larger eyes and lower body mass. Between brachypterous and apterous females, the former had larger eye size, while body mass differences were statistically insignificant. There were differences between the sexes in move-to-light reactions and changes in eye size and body mass in line with wing reduction. While males preferred a relatively distinct range of shorter wavelengths, a method of attraction to lights with distinct narrow spectra could be used markedly to enhance the established methods of forest pest monitoring, either alone or in combination with chemical male attraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kadlec
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences,Czech University of Life Sciences,Kamycka 129,CZ-165 21 Prague,Czech Republic
| | - M Pikner
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences,Czech University of Life Sciences,Kamycka 129,CZ-165 21 Prague,Czech Republic
| | - G Piknerova
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences,Czech University of Life Sciences,Kamycka 129,CZ-165 21 Prague,Czech Republic
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Abstract
Numerical simulations have been conducted to investigate the effect of aspect ratio (AR) on the mean lift generation of a revolving flat rectangular wing. The purpose of the study is to address some discrepancies reported in the literature regarding the influence of AR on mean lift coefficient. Here, we consider a range of AR from 1 to 10 and Rossby number (Ro) from 0.58 to 7.57, and our results show that different degrees of coupling between AR and Ro yield different trends of a mean lift coefficient with respect to increasing AR. The choice of reference velocity for the normalisation of mean lift forces also has a significant effect on the perceived AR effect. By isolating the effect of Ro, we found that higher AR produces higher mean lift coefficient until it plateaus at a sufficiently high AR. This finding is consistent with conventional fixed wing aerodynamics. Additionally, our results show that increasing AR reduces the three-dimensional wing tip effect and is beneficial to mean lift generation while higher Ro increases leading-edge vortex instability, which is detrimental to mean lift generation. Therefore, mean lift generation on revolving wings is dictated by the competition between these two factors, which represent two fundamentally independent phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575, Singapore
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Baker D, Barrett S, Beale CM, Crawford TJ, Ellis S, Gullett T, Mayhew PJ, Parsons MS, Relf P, Robertson P, Small J, Wainwright D. Decline of a Rare Moth at Its Last Known English Site: Causes and Lessons for Conservation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157423. [PMID: 27333285 PMCID: PMC4917207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The conditions required by rare species are often only approximately known. Monitoring such species over time can help refine management of their protected areas. We report population trends of a rare moth, the Dark Bordered Beauty Epione vespertaria (Linnaeus, 1767) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) at its last known English site on a protected lowland heath, and those of its host-plant, Salix repens (L.) (Malpighiales: Salicaceae). Between 2007 and 2014, adult moth density reduced by an average of 30–35% annually over the monitored area, and its range over the monitored area contracted in concert. By comparing data from before this decline (2005) with data taken in 2013, we show that the density of host-plants over the monitored area reduced three-fold overall, and ten-fold in the areas of highest host-plant density. In addition, plants were significantly smaller in 2013. In 2005, moth larvae tended to be found on plants that were significantly larger than average at the time. By 2013, far fewer plants were of an equivalent size. This suggests that the rapid decline of the moth population coincides with, and is likely driven by, changes in the host-plant population. Why the host-plant population has changed remains less certain, but fire, frost damage and grazing damage have probably contributed. It is likely that a reduction in grazing pressure in parts of the site would aid host-plant recovery, although grazing remains an important site management activity. Our work confirms the value of constant monitoring of rare or priority insect species, of the risks posed to species with few populations even when their populations are large, of the potential conflict between bespoke management for species and generic management of habitats, and hence the value of refining our knowledge of rare species’ requirements so that their needs can be incorporated into the management of protected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Baker
- Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union Lepidoptera Group, Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union, York, United Kingdom
- Butterfly Conservation, Yorkshire Branch, York, United Kingdom
| | - Sinead Barrett
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Colin M. Beale
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Terry J. Crawford
- Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union Lepidoptera Group, Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union, York, United Kingdom
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Ellis
- Butterfly Conservation, East Lulworth, Wareham, Dorset, United Kingdom
| | | | - Peter J. Mayhew
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Mark S. Parsons
- Butterfly Conservation, East Lulworth, Wareham, Dorset, United Kingdom
| | - Penny Relf
- Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union Lepidoptera Group, Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union, York, United Kingdom
- Butterfly Conservation, Yorkshire Branch, York, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Robertson
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | | | - Dave Wainwright
- Butterfly Conservation, East Lulworth, Wareham, Dorset, United Kingdom
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Murúa MG, Cazado LE, Casmuz A, Herrero MI, Villagrán ME, Vera A, Sosa-Gómez DR, Gastaminza G. Species From the Heliothinae Complex (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Tucumán, Argentina, an Update of Geographical Distribution of Helicoverpa armigera. J Insect Sci 2016; 16:iew052. [PMID: 27324588 PMCID: PMC4913451 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iew052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The Heliothinae complex in Argentina encompasses Helicoverpa gelotopoeon (Dyar), Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), and Chloridea virescens (Fabricius). In Tucumán, the native species H. gelotopoeon is one of the most voracious soybean pests and also affects cotton and chickpea, even more in soybean-chickpea succession cropping systems. Differentiation of the Heliothinae complex in the egg, larva, and pupa stages is difficult. Therefore, the observation of the adult wing pattern design and male genitalia is useful to differentiate species. The objective of this study was to identify the species of the Heliothinae complex, determine population fluctuations of the Heliothinae complex in soybean and chickpea crops using male moths collected in pheromone traps in Tucuman province, and update the geographical distribution of H. armigera in Argentina. The species found were H. gelotopoeon, H. armigera, H. zea, and C. virescens. Regardless of province, county, crop, and year, the predominant species was H. gelotopoeon Considering the population dynamics of H. gelotopoeon and H. armigera in chickpea and soybean crops, H. gelotopoeon was the most abundant species in both crops, in all years sampled, and the differences registered were significant. On the other hand, according to the Sistema Nacional Argentino de Vigilancia y Monitoreo de Plagas (SINAVIMO) database and our collections, H. armigera was recorded in eight provinces and 20 counties of Argentina, and its larvae were found on soybean, chickpea, sunflower crops and spiny plumeless thistle (Carduus acanthoides). This is the first report of H. armigera in sunflower and spiny plumeless thistle in Argentina.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gabriela Murúa
- Sección Zoología Agrícola, Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA), Las Talitas (T4104AUD), Tucumán, Argentina (; ; ; ; ; ; ),
| | - Lucas E Cazado
- Sección Zoología Agrícola, Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA), Las Talitas (T4104AUD), Tucumán, Argentina (; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - Augusto Casmuz
- Sección Zoología Agrícola, Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA), Las Talitas (T4104AUD), Tucumán, Argentina (; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - M Inés Herrero
- Sección Zoología Agrícola, Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA), Las Talitas (T4104AUD), Tucumán, Argentina (; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - M Elvira Villagrán
- Sección Zoología Agrícola, Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA), Las Talitas (T4104AUD), Tucumán, Argentina (; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - Alejandro Vera
- Sección Zoología Agrícola, Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA), Las Talitas (T4104AUD), Tucumán, Argentina (; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - Daniel R Sosa-Gómez
- EMBRAPA Soja, Rodovia João Strass, S/N, Acesso Orlando Amaral, CP 231, Londrina, PR 86001-970, Brazil
| | - Gerardo Gastaminza
- Sección Zoología Agrícola, Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA), Las Talitas (T4104AUD), Tucumán, Argentina (; ; ; ; ; ; )
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Perkins LE, Zalucki MP, Perkins NR, Cawdell-Smith AJ, Todhunter KH, Bryden WL, Cribb BW. The urticating setae of Ochrogaster lunifer, an Australian processionary caterpillar of veterinary importance. Med Vet Entomol 2016; 30:241-5. [PMID: 26669823 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The bag-shelter moth, Ochrogaster lunifer Herrich-Schaffer (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae), is associated with a condition called equine amnionitis and fetal loss (EAFL) on horse farms in Australia. Setal fragments from O. lunifer larvae have been identified in the placentas of experimentally aborted fetuses and their dams, and in clinical abortions. The gregarious larvae build silken nests in which large numbers cohabit over spring, summer and autumn. The final instars disperse to pupation sites in the ground where they overwinter. Field-collected O. lunifer larvae, their nests and nearby soil were examined using light and electron microscopy to identify setae likely to cause EAFL and to determine where and how many were present. Microtrichia, barbed hairs and true setae were found on the exoskeletons of the larvae. True setae matching the majority of setal fragments described from equine tissue were found on third to eighth instar larvae or exuviae. The number of true setae increased with the age of the larva; eighth instars carried around 2.0-2.5 million true setae. The exuvia of the pre-pupal instar was incorporated into the pupal chamber. The major sources of setae are likely to be nests, dispersing pre-pupal larvae and their exuviae, and pupal chambers.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Perkins
- School of Biological Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - M P Zalucki
- School of Biological Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - N R Perkins
- AusVet Animal Health Services, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
- Equine Research Unit, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - A J Cawdell-Smith
- Equine Research Unit, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - W L Bryden
- Equine Research Unit, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - B W Cribb
- School of Biological Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Abstract
It has long been postulated that the elongated hindwing tails of many saturniid moths have evolved to create false sonar targets to divert the attack of echolocation-guided bat predators. However, rigorous echo-acoustic evidence to support this hypothesis has been lacking. In this study, fluttering luna moths (Actias luna), a species with elongated hindwing tails, were ensonified with frequency modulated chirp signals from all angles of orientation and across the wingbeat cycle. High-speed stereo videography was combined with pulse compression sonar processing to characterize the echo information available to foraging bats. Contrary to previous suggestions, the results show that the tail echoes are weak and do not dominate the sonar returns, compared to the large, planar wings and the moth body. However, the distinctive twisted morphology of the tails create persistent echoes across all angles of orientation, which may induce erroneous sonar target localization and disrupt accurate tracking by echolocating bats. These findings thus suggest a refinement of the false target hypothesis to emphasize sonar localization errors induced by the twisted tails, and highlight the importance of physics-based approaches to study the sensory information involved in the evolutionary arms race between moths and their bat predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Jung Lee
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Cynthia F Moss
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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Nave A, Gonçalves F, Crespí AL, Campos M, Torres L. Evaluation of native plant flower characteristics for conservation biological control of Prays oleae. Bull Entomol Res 2016; 106:249-257. [PMID: 26780918 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485315001091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have shown that manipulating flowering weeds within an agroecosystem can have an important role in pest control by natural enemies, by providing them nectar and pollen, which are significant sources of nutrition for adults. The aim of this study was to assess if the olive moth, Prays oleae (Bernard, 1788) (Lepidoptera: Praydidae), and five of its main natural enemies, the parasitoid species Chelonus elaeaphilus Silvestri (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Apanteles xanthostigma (Haliday) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Ageniaspis fuscicollis (Dalman) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and Elasmus flabellatus (Fonscolombe) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), as well as the predator Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), can theoretically access the nectar from 21 flowering weeds that naturally occur in olive groves. Thus, the architecture of the flowers as well as the mouthpart structure and/or the head and thorax width of the pest and its enemies were analyzed. The results suggested that all beneficial insects were able to reach nectar of the plant species from Apiaceae family, i.e. Conopodium majus (Gouan) Loret, Daucus carota L. and Foeniculum vulgare Mill., as well as Asparagus acutifolius L., Echium plantagineum L., Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik., Raphanus raphanistrum L., Lonicera hispanica Boiss. et Reut., Silene gallica L., Spergula arvensis L., Hypericum perforatum L., Calamintha baetica Boiss. et Reut, Malva neglecta Wallr. and Linaria saxatilis (L.) Chaz. P. oleae was not able to access nectar from five plant species, namely: Andryala integrifolia L., Chondrilla juncea L., Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter, Sonchus asper (L.) Hill and Lavandula stoechas L.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nave
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences,CITAB,University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro,UTAD,Quinta de Prados, 5001-801,Vila Real,Portugal
| | - F Gonçalves
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences,CITAB,University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro,UTAD,Quinta de Prados, 5001-801,Vila Real,Portugal
| | - A L Crespí
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences,CITAB,University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro,UTAD,Quinta de Prados, 5001-801,Vila Real,Portugal
| | - M Campos
- Department of Environmental Protection,Estación Experimental de Zaidín,CSIC,Profesor Albareda n° 1,18008 - Granada,Spain
| | - L Torres
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences,CITAB,University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro,UTAD,Quinta de Prados, 5001-801,Vila Real,Portugal
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Ma L, Li ZQ, Bian L, Cai XM, Luo ZX, Zhang YJ, Chen ZM. Identification and Comparative Study of Chemosensory Genes Related to Host Selection by Legs Transcriptome Analysis in the Tea Geometrid Ectropis obliqua. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149591. [PMID: 26930056 PMCID: PMC4773006 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Host selection by female moths is fundamental to the survival of their larvae. Detecting and perceiving the non-volatile chemicals of the plant surface involved in gustatory detection determine the host preference. In many lepidopteran species, tarsal chemosensilla are sensitive to non-volatile chemicals and responsible for taste detection. The tea geometrid Ectropis obliqua is one devastating chewing pest selectively feeding on limited plants, requiring the specialized sensors to forage certain host for oviposition. In present study, we revealed the distribution of chemosensilla in the ventral side of female fifth tarsomere in E. obliqua. To investigate its molecular mechanism of gustatory perception, we performed HiSeq 2500 sequencing of the male- and female- legs transcriptome and identified 24 candidate odorant binding proteins (OBPs), 21 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 2 sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs), 3 gustatory receptors (GRs) and 4 odorant receptors (ORs). Several leg-specific or enriched chemosensory genes were screened by tissue expression analysis, and clustered with functionally validated genes from other moths, suggesting the potential involvement in taste sensation or other physiological processes. The RPKM value analysis revealed that 9 EoblOBPs showed sex discrepancy in the leg expression, 8 being up-regulated in female and only 1 being over expressed in male. These female-biased EoblOBPs indicated an ecological adaption related with host-seeking and oviposition behaviors. Our work will provide basic knowledge for further studies on the molecular mechanism of gustatory perception, and enlighten a host-selection-based control strategy of insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Qun Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Bian
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Cai
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zong-Xiu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (ZMC); (YJZ)
| | - Zong-Mao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (ZMC); (YJZ)
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Heikkilä M, Mutanen M, Wahlberg N, Sihvonen P, Kaila L. Elusive ditrysian phylogeny: an account of combining systematized morphology with molecular data (Lepidoptera). BMC Evol Biol 2015; 15:260. [PMID: 26589618 PMCID: PMC4654798 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0520-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ditrysia comprise close to 99 % of all butterflies and moths. The evolutionary relationships among the ditrysian superfamilies have received considerable attention in phylogenetic studies based on DNA and transcriptomic data, but the deepest divergences remain for large parts unresolved or contradictory. To obtain complementary insight into the evolutionary history of the clade, and to test previous hypotheses on the subdivision of Ditrysia based on morphology, we examine the morphology of larvae, pupae and adult males and females of 318 taxa representing nearly all ditrysian superfamilies and families. We present the most comprehensive morphological dataset on Ditrysia to date, consisting of over 500 morphological characters. The data are analyzed alone and combined with sequence data (one mitochondrial and seven nuclear protein-coding gene regions, sequenced from 422 taxa). The full dataset consists of 473 exemplar species. Analyses are performed using maximum likelihood methods, and parsimony methods for the morphological dataset. We explore whether combining morphological data and DNA-data can stabilize taxa that are unstable in phylogenetic studies based on genetic data only. RESULTS Morphological characters are found phylogenetically informative in resolving apical nodes (superfamilies and families), but characters serving as evidence of relatedness of larger assemblages are few. Results include the recovery of a monophyletic Tineoidea, Sesioidea and Cossoidea, and a stable position for some unstable taxa (e.g. Epipyropidae, Cyclotornidae, Urodoidea + Schreckensteinioidea). Several such taxa, however, remain unstable even though morphological characters indicate a position in the tree (e.g. Immidae). Evidence supporting affinities between clades are suggested, e.g. a novel larval synapomorphy for Tineidae. We also propose the synonymy of Tineodidae with Alucitidae, syn. nov. CONCLUSIONS The large morphological dataset provides information on the diversity and distribution of morphological traits in Ditrysia, and can be used in future research on the evolution of these traits, in identification keys and in identification of fossil Lepidoptera. The "backbone" of the phylogeny for Ditrysia remains largely unresolved. As previously proposed as an explanation for the scarcity of molecular signal in resolving the deeper nodes, this may be due to the rapid radiation of Ditrysia in the Cretaceous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Heikkilä
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoology Unit, University of Helsinki, PO Box 17, Helsinki, 00014, Finland.
| | - Marko Mutanen
- Department of Genetics and Physiology, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, Oulu, 90014, Finland.
| | - Niklas Wahlberg
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, 20014, Finland.
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Pasi Sihvonen
- University of Helsinki, Research Affairs, PO Box 33, Helsinki, 00014, Finland.
| | - Lauri Kaila
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoology Unit, University of Helsinki, PO Box 17, Helsinki, 00014, Finland.
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Kang TH, Lee KS, Lee HS. DNA Barcoding of the Korean Lymantria Hübner, 1819 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Lymantriinae) for Quarantine Inspection. J Econ Entomol 2015; 108:1596-1611. [PMID: 26470300 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
DNA barcoding and morphological analyses of Korean Lymantria (Erebidae, Lepidoptera) were conducted for quarantine inspection. In DNA barcoding, Lymantria dispar identified through quarantine inspection was distinguished as three species, L. dispar asiatica, L. albescens, and L. xylina. Lymantria monacha, which is known as a single species in Korea, is revealed as containing three species, L. monacha, L. minomonis, and L. sugii. At the subspecies level, L. dispar dispar formed a single cluster, whereas L. d. asiatica and L. d. japonica formed a cluster containing both subspecies. In morphological re-examination on DNA barcoding results, L. dispar was distinguished from L. albescens by wing pattern, and from L. xylina by papillae anale. L. monacha and the related species were hard to be distinct from each other by using wing pattern, but it was easily distinct through comparison of genitalia. Therefore, DNA barcoding led to accurate identification in species level, but in subspecies level, only a taxon showing geographically far distance was discriminated from the others. These results may provide a taxonomic outline of the Korean Lymantria fauna and may be used as an identification reference for Lymantria species during quarantine inspection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hwa Kang
- Plant Quarantine Technology Center, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 234-3, Mangpo-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 443-400, Korea
| | - Kwang-Su Lee
- Department of Forest Science, Sangji University, 83, Sangjidae-gil, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, 220-702, Korea
| | - Heung-Sik Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Jongbu regional office, 129, Juan-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon, Korea.
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