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Peng QY, Xie MH, Pan XK, Li Y, Gao L, Xu F, Wu CX, Yang MF. Morphology and distribution of sensilla on antennae and mouthparts of the adult bruchid beetles, Bruchidius coreanus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:922-932. [PMID: 38173320 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Bruchidius coreanus is a serious pest on Gleditsia sinensis Lam during seed storage, causing significant losses to their yield in southwest China. To gain insight into their behavioral mechanisms, the external morphology, ultrastructure, and distribution of sensilla on antennae, maxillary palps, and labial palps of both male and female B. coreanus were observed using a scanning electron microscope. The results revealed that both male and female adults had serrated antennae comprising a scape, a pedicel, and nine flagellomeres (F1-F9). There were eight types and seven subtypes of antenna sensilla observed in both sexes, including Böhm sensilla (BS), two subtypes of sensilla chaetica (SC1 and SC2), two subtypes of sensilla trichodea (ST1 and ST2), three subtypes of sensilla basiconica (SB1, SB2, and SB3), sensilla auricillica (SA), sensilla styloconicum (SS), capitate pegs (CP), and sensilla cavity (SCa). The average length of BS and ST (ST1 and ST2) showed significant differences between males and females. Furthermore, the number of SC (SC1 and SC2), ST1, and SCa differed significantly between the sexes. Four types of sensilla were found on the maxillary palps and labial palps, with the length of ST on these palps significantly differing between males and females. Additionally, SS on male labial palps was significantly longer than in females. The number of SC significantly differed between the male and female maxillary palps and labial palps, while ST and SS showed significant differences in the maxillary palps. These findings will contribute to further electrophysiological recording and behavioral research. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The external morphology and distribution of various sensilla on the antennae, maxillary palps, and labial palps of Bruchidius coreanus were described. Eight types and seven subtypes of antenna sensilla were observed on the antennae, while four types of sensilla were observed on the maxillary palps and labial palps. The capitate pegs were found exclusively on the antennae of female B. coreanus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Yan Peng
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Ming-Hui Xie
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiu-Kui Pan
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - You Li
- Vector-Borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Shanghai Academy of Landscape Architecture Science and Planning, Key Laboratory of National Forest, Grassland Administration on Ecological Landscaping of Challenging Urban Sites, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangling Xu
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Cheng-Xu Wu
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Mao-Fa Yang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agriculture, Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Yan J, Luo P, Wu Y, Peng G, Liu Y, Song C, Lu W, Liu H, Dong Z. Morphological and genetic differences in legs of a polygamous beetle between sexes, Glenea cantor (Coleopter: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae). PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297365. [PMID: 38329988 PMCID: PMC10852293 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The legs of insects play an important role in their daily behaviour, especially reproduction. Entomologists have performed much research on the role of the leg in different behaviours of beetles, an important group in the insect family, but relatively little has been done to study the ultrastructure and transcriptome of their legs. Hence, we systematically studied the ultrastructure and gene expression of the leg of G. cantor, a polygynous beetle, and compared its male and female diversity. In this study, we found the fore-leg, mid-leg and hind-leg of the female were significantly longer than those of the male. From the perspective of intuitive structural differences, we also compared the ultrastructures of the adhesion structure (tarsal) of males and females. The tarsal functional structure of the adult leg mainly includes sensilla and an adhesion structure. The sensilla on the tarsal joint mainly include sensilla chaetica (SCh II, SCh III) and sensilla trichodea (ST II). The adhesion structure includes disc-shaped bristles (di), lanceolate bristles (la), serrated bristles (se), spatula-shaped bristles (spl) and mushroom-shaped bristles (mus). Although there was no significant difference in sensillum distribution or type between males and females, there were significant differences in the distribution and species of adhesion structures between the fore-leg, mid-leg, and hind-leg of the same sex and between males and females. Therefore, different adhesion structures play different roles in various behaviours of beetles. On the other hand, the transcriptome results of male and female legs were screened for a subset of olfaction- and mechanics-related genes. We discovered that the male leg showed upregulation of 1 odorant binding protein (OBP), 2 Olfactory receptors (ORs) and 2 Chemosensory proteins (CSPs). Meanwhile, the female leg showed upregulation of 3 OBPs, 1 OR, 1 Gustatory receptor (GR) and 3 Mechanosensitive proteins (MSPs). An in-depth examination of the ultrastructure and molecular composition of the legs can elucidate its function in the reproductive behavior of G. cantor. Moremore, this investigation will serve as a cornerstone for subsequent research into the underlying behavioral mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yan
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Ping Luo
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yao Wu
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Guandi Peng
- Jiangxi Provincial Department of Forestry, Nanchang, China
| | - Yini Liu
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | | | - Wen Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongning Liu
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Zishu Dong
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
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Shewale MK, Nebesářová J, Grosse-Wilde E, Kalinová B. Microscopic morphology and distribution of the antennal sensilla in the double-spined bark beetle, Ips duplicatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Microsc Res Tech 2023; 86:1610-1625. [PMID: 37572001 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
The double-spined spruce bark beetle, Ips duplicatus, has become an infamous secondary pest of Norway spruce, causing extensive ecological and economic destruction in many Central European countries. Antennae are the primary olfactory organs that play a fundamental role in insect-host chemical communication; therefore, understanding morphology is crucial before conducting electrophysiological investigations. Here, we present our analysis of sensilla types on the antennal surface of I. duplicatus for the first time, using high-resolution-scanning electron microscopy. We studied the external morphological characteristics of antennae and the types, numbers, and distribution of the antennal sensilla in males and females. Our results revealed the presence of five different types of morphologically distinct sensilla: sensilla chaetica, sensilla basiconica, sensilla trichodea, sensilla coeloconica, and Böhm's sensilla. We observed two subtypes of sensilla chaetica (SChI and SChII), four subtypes of sensilla basiconica (SBI, SBII, SBIII, and SBIV), three subtypes of sensilla trichodea (STrII, STrIII, and STrIV) and two subtypes of sensilla coeloconica (SCoI and SCoII), respectively in I. duplicatus males and females. Minor differences in length and numbers between the sexes for some sensilla types were found. Distribution maps for different sensillar types were constructed, and specific areas for the respective sensilla were found. Possible functions of observed sensilla types are discussed. The present study provides a basis for future electrophysiological studies to understand how I. duplicatus detects ecologically important olfactory cues. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: • The first report of morphology and distribution pattern of the antennal sensilla in Ips duplicatus is discussed. • A total of 6 main types and 11 antennal sensilla subtypes were observed in male and female Ips duplicatus. • Minor sex-specific differences were seen in the length and numbers in several sensilla types.
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Grants
- (IGA: A_21_29) Internal Grant Agency: MAYURI SHEWALE at Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/15_003/0000433 EXTEMIT-K Project, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport, Operation Programme Research, Development and Education
- LM2023050 MEYS CR (Czech Bioimaging) at Viničná Microscopy Core Facility (VMCF) at the Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuri Kashinath Shewale
- Excellent Team for Mitigation, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Nebesářová
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ewald Grosse-Wilde
- Excellent Team for Mitigation, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Kalinová
- Excellent Team for Mitigation, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Wu Y, Li Z, Ming L, Huang Z, Zhang G, Lu W, Liu H, Dong Z. Observations on the ultrastructure of the oral appendages of Glenea cantor Fabricius (Coleoptera: Lamiinae). Microsc Res Tech 2023; 86:1599-1609. [PMID: 37548179 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Using scanning electron microscopy, we examined the gross and ultrastructure morphology of the mandibles, labial palpi, and mandibular palpi of adult male and female Glenea cantor beetles. The morphology of these parts, both in their gross and ultrastructure, varied significantly between males and females. The lengths of the mandible, labial palpi, and mandibular palpi were clearly noticeably longer in females than in men, which is mostly related to the oviposition mechanism. In terms of the ultrastructural morphology of the mandibles, labial palpi, and mandibular palpi, seven types of sensilla were found on these parts: sensilla twig basiconica (STB I, II, III, and IV), sensilla chaetica (Scheme IV and V), Böhm's bristles (Bb), sensilla placodea (SP), sensilla trichodea (ST II), sensilla plate (SP), sensilla coeloconica (SC), and sensilla campaniformia (SCa). Females have significantly more ST I and Scheme III on their mandibles than males. The mechanical sensors SCh and Bb, olfactory sensor ST II, taste sensor STB IV, and carbon dioxide sensor and temperature and humidity sensors SC, SP, and SCa were much more developed on the labial and maxillary palpi of females compared to those of males, which further clarified the significance of the oral appendages in oviposition behavior. These findings will advance information-based technique design and the creation of information-based pest control strategies by assisting in our understanding of the host preference and oviposition behavior of adult G. cantor. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The external morphology and distribution of the oral appendages of Glenea cantor between sexes has been researched through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for the first time. Several significant differences between males and females have been found by analyzing the oral appendages of G. cantor with SEM. The differences in the structure of oral appendages of G. cantor between sexes reflect functional differences in reproductive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wu
- Advanced Research Institute, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhixin Li
- Advanced Research Institute, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Liangshan Ming
- Advanced Research Institute, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhongyan Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Gaochuan Zhang
- Advanced Research Institute, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Wen Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongning Liu
- Advanced Research Institute, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Zishu Dong
- Advanced Research Institute, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
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Ruiz GRS, Valente RM. First description of the male genitalia in a short-tailed whipscorpion (Arachnida: Schizomida), description of the female, and comments on pygidial glands and cuticular ultrastructure of Surazomus algodoal Ruiz & Valente, 2017. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289370. [PMID: 37552704 PMCID: PMC10409265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The male genitalia of Surazomus algodoal Ruiz & Valente, 2017 are described. Since this is the first attempt to describe male genitalia in the schizomids, we propose new terminology to describe the sclerites of the male genital chamber in the order. We believe that the male genitalia may provide a large set of characters for taxonomic research in schizomids, as the female genitalia have proven to do. The setae and other cuticular structures were investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The female of S. algodoal is described for the first time, including the genitalia, and we highlight the sexual dimorphism present in the species. We also present descriptions of: 1) microtrichia, with respect to their presence/length/distribution, 2) cuticular sensilla, glandular openings and other cuticular structures, proposing new terminology, 3) setae of the pedipalpal trochanter and tarsus. Some changes on the terminology of setae of pedipalpal tibia are also given. These advances may be useful for description in other schizomids. The pygidial glands, mostly ignored in modern papers, were assessed and commented upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo R. S. Ruiz
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Roberta M. Valente
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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Hao E, Liu R, Xu R, Lu P, Qiao H. Morphology and location of sensilla in the antennae and ovipositor of Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae). Arthropod Struct Dev 2023; 73:101252. [PMID: 36893564 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2023.101252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The woodwasp Sirex noctilio Fabricius is a major quarantine pest that was reported in China in 2013 and mostly damages Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica. Reverse chemical ecology, which uses chemical lures to catch or block insects from mating is the classic way to control forestry pests. This indicates that insect sensilla play a crucial role in detecting external chemical and physical stimuli. Nonetheless, the categorization and distribution of sensilla on the antennae and ovipositor of S. noctilio are insufficiently specific. In this paper, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the ultrastructure of the sensilla of S. noctilio on the antenna and ovipositor. It was found that the types and distribution of sensilla on the antennae of S. noctilio male and female are consistent, and six types of sensilla are found: sensilla trichodea (ST), sensilla chaetica (SC), Böhm bristles (BB), sensilla basiconica (SB), sensilla ampullacea (SA), and contact chemoreceptors (CC). Besides, there are five types of sensilla on the female ovipositor. In addition to ST, SC and BB, two more types of sensilla are also found: sensilla cavity (SCa) and sensilla coeloconica (SCo). Through identification of the morphology and distribution of the sensilla, the functions of different sensilla in the mating and host selection mechanisms of S. noctilio are proposed, thereby establishing a foundation for S. noctilio chemical communication research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enhua Hao
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Rui Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ruirui Xu
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Pengfei Lu
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Haili Qiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Nihei SS, Liu G, Wang Q, Liu X, Li X, Pang X, Alvarez-Garcia D, Zhang D. Comparative morphology of antennal ultrastructure in Tachinidae parasitoid flies (Diptera): The phylogenetic importance of antennal sensilla. Arthropod Struct Dev 2022; 71:101202. [PMID: 36037740 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2022.101202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tachinidae are one of the most diverse clades of Diptera. All tachinids are parasitoids of insects and other arthropods, and thus are considered an important source of biological pest control. Antennae are the most important olfactory organs of Tachinidae playing key roles in their lives, especially in locating hosts, and details of antennal ultrastructure could provide useful features for phylogenetic studies and understanding their adaptive evolution. Despite the ecological and evolutionary importance of antennae, the current knowledge of antennal ultrastructure is scarce for Tachinidae. Our study examined antennal sensilla of thirteen species belonging to thirteen genera within eleven tribes of all the four subfamilies (Phasiinae, Dexiinae, Tachininae, and Exoristinae): Beskia aelops Walker, Trichodura sp., Voria ruralis (Fallén), Zelia sp., Cylindromyia carinata Townsend, Phasia xenos Townsend, Neomintho sp., Genea australis (Townsend), Copecrypta sp., Hystricia sp., Belvosia sp., Leschenaultia sp., and Winthemia pinguis (Fabricius). Types, length and distribution of antennal sensilla were investigated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Our comparative analysis summarized 29 variable characters and we evaluated their phylogenetic signal for subfamilial, tribal and generic/specific levels, showing that antennal ultrastructure could be a reliable source of characters for phylogenetic analysis. Our findings demonstrate the remarkable diversity of the antennal ultrastructure of Tachinidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio S Nihei
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Genting Liu
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Qike Wang
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Xianui Liu
- University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Xinyu Li
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiunan Pang
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Deivys Alvarez-Garcia
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Grupo de Investigación en Zoología y Ecología, Universidad de Sucre, Colombia
| | - Dong Zhang
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
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Wikantyoso B, Imai T, Himmi SK, Yusuf S, Hata T, Yoshimura T. Ultrastructure and distribution of sensory receptors on the nonolfactory organs of the soldier caste in subterranean termite (Coptotermes spp.). Arthropod Struct Dev 2022; 70:101201. [PMID: 35994811 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2022.101201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The soldier caste of termites uses sensilla to sense pheromonal, tactile, and vibrational cues to communicate inside and outside their nest. Although sensilla with many modalities on the antennae of subterranean termites have been well explored, there remains a lack of information regarding sensillum characteristics and distribution of the nonolfactory organs of the soldier caste in the Coptotermes genus. In this study, the ultrastructure of sensilla from the soldier caste of three Coptotermes spp. (Coptotermes formosanus, Coptotermes curvignathus, and Coptotermes gestroi) was observed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and the putative function of each type was deduced. Six total sensillum types were observed, with two mechanoreceptive sensillum types (hair and plate). The long flexible-peg mechanoreceptive sensilla may work as contact-chemoreceptive sensilla due to their elongated dendritic outer segments and uniporous characteristics. There was a significant depletion of mechano-chemoreceptive sensillum numbers in C. gestroi, which was compensated by a high density of short-peg mechanoreceptive sensilla on the pronotum. Finally, cuticular and innervation characteristics of thermo-/hygrosensitive sensilla were observed for the first time on the labrum of the soldier caste of Coptotermes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bramantyo Wikantyoso
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH), Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan; Research Center for Applied Zoology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia.
| | - Tomoya Imai
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH), Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - S Khoirul Himmi
- Research Center for Applied Zoology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Sulaeman Yusuf
- Research Center for Applied Zoology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Toshimitsu Hata
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH), Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Yoshimura
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH), Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
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Abstract
The morphology and distribution of sensilla on the surface of the antennae of the naucorids' species were studied via scanning electron microscopy. Eleven types of sensilla were identified regarding specific sensory modalities, based on their cuticular morphology. Cuticle morphology identifies five types of sensilla trichodea, four types of sensilla basiconica, one type of sensillum coeloconicum and sensillum ampullaceum. Three new types of mechanosensitive sensilla were found. Moreover, the morphological diversity between the antennae allowed the distinction of ten different antennal types that correspond to different sensillar sets. The sensilla found in Naucoridae share similarities with the sensilla of other nepomorphan taxa, as well as of terrestrial insects. However, no sensillar synapomorphy was found between Naucoridae and Aphelocheiridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Nowińska
- Faculty of Natural Science, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Jolanta Brożek
- Faculty of Natural Science, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
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Berry R. The Behavioral Response to Heat in the Common Bed Bug, Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae). J Med Entomol 2021; 58:1626-1637. [PMID: 33704449 PMCID: PMC8285017 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The bed bug, Cimex lectularius L., is a common ectoparasite found to live among its vertebrate hosts. Antennal segments in bugs are critical for sensing multiple cues in the environment for survival. To determine whether the thermo receptors of bed bugs are located on their antennae; innovative bioassays were created to observe the choice between heated and unheated stimuli and to characterize the response of bugs to a heat source. Additionally, the effect of complete antenectomized segments on heat detection were evaluated. Heat, carbon dioxide, and moisture are cues that are found to activate bed bug behavior; a temperature at 38°C was used to assess the direction/degree at which the insect reacts to the change in distance from said stimulus. Using a lightweight spherical ball suspended by air through a vacuum tube, bed bugs and other insects are able to move in 360° while on a stationary point. Noldus EthoVision XT was used to capture video images and to track the bed bugs during 5-min bioassays. A bioassay was created using four Petri dish arenas to observe bed bug attraction to heat based on antennae segments at 40°C. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of heat on complete antenectomized segments of the antennae. The results in this experiment suggest that bed bugs detect and are attracted to heat modulated by nutritional status. Learning the involvement of antennae segments in heat detection will help identify the location and role of thermoreceptors for bed bug host interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Berry
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM
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Ortega-Insaurralde I, Picollo MI, Barrozo RB. Sensory features of the human louse antenna: new contributions and comparisons between ecotypes. Med Vet Entomol 2021; 35:219-224. [PMID: 33038036 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Body and head lice are known to be exclusive ectoparasites of human hosts. Current genomic and transcriptomic data suggest that both louse types represent ecotypes of the same species. They exhibit morphological and physiological differences that probably arose from living in different biotopes. Sensory traits represent suitable candidates to be affected by environmental heterogeneity. Therefore, through scanning electron microscope studies, this study analysed and compared the sensory structures of both ecotypes' antennae. Seven types of sensory structures were identified in both ecotypes: bristles, tuft organs, pore organs, single pore and three morphotypes of sensilla basiconica. Notably, the single pore and the morphotypes of sensilla basiconica were described for the first time in the body louse antenna. This study's comparative analysis mainly revealed size differences across the sensory structures of the ecotypes. Bristles of the flagellomere 2 of the body louse antenna were longer than the head louse bristles. In addition, the pore organs of the head louse antenna presented a higher diameter than those of the body louse. The possible relevance of size differences regarding the biotopes exploited by the body louse and the head louse is discussed. Yet, physiological studies may help to fully understand the phenotypical differences of both ecotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ortega-Insaurralde
- Grupo de Neuroetología de Insectos Vectores, Laboratorio Fisiología de Insectos, Instituto Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA, UBA-CONICET), Departamento Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental (DBBE), Facultad Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Buenos Aires, C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - M I Picollo
- Centro de investigaciones de plagas e insecticidas, Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo para la Defensa, UNIDEF-CONICET, San Juan Bautista de La Salle 4397, Villa Martelli, Buenos Aires, B1603ALO, Argentina
| | - R B Barrozo
- Grupo de Neuroetología de Insectos Vectores, Laboratorio Fisiología de Insectos, Instituto Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA, UBA-CONICET), Departamento Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental (DBBE), Facultad Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Buenos Aires, C1428EHA, Argentina
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12
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Bahia AC, Barletta ABF, Pinto LC, Orfanó AS, Nacif-Pimenta R, Volfova V, Petr V, Secundino NFC, de Freitas Fernandes F, Pimenta PFP. Morphological Characterization of the Antennal Sensilla of the Afrotropical Sand Fly, Phlebotomus duboscqi (Diptera: Psychodidae). J Med Entomol 2021; 58:634-645. [PMID: 33710316 PMCID: PMC8243367 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigated by scanning electron microscopy the morphology, distribution, and abundance of antennal sensilla of females Phlebotomus duboscqi sand fly, an important vector of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis at Afrotropical region. Thirteen well-differentiated sensilla were identified, among six types of cuticular sensilla. The probable function of these sensillary types is discussed in relation to their external structure and distribution. Five sensillary types were classified as olfactory sensilla, as they have specific morphological characters of sensilla with this function. Number and distribution of sensilla significantly differed between antennal segments. The results of the present work, besides corroborating in the expansion of the morphological and ultrastructural knowledge of P. duboscqi, can foment future electrophysiological studies for the development of volatile semiochemicals, to be used as attractants in traps for monitoring and selective vector control of this sand fly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Bahia
- Laboratory of Insects and Parasites Biochemistry, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz F Barletta
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Luciana Conceição Pinto
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology (LEM), René Rachou Institute (IRR), FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Alessandra S Orfanó
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology (LEM), René Rachou Institute (IRR), FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rafael Nacif-Pimenta
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology (LEM), René Rachou Institute (IRR), FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Vera Volfova
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Volf Petr
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nágila Francinete Costa Secundino
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology (LEM), René Rachou Institute (IRR), FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Tropical Medicine, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Fernando de Freitas Fernandes
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology (LEM), René Rachou Institute (IRR), FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Paulo Filemon P Pimenta
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology (LEM), René Rachou Institute (IRR), FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Tropical Medicine Foundation Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, AM, Brazil
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Chirivi-Joya D, Bonilla L, Galindo A, Fagua G. Variation of cleaning organ structures and setae of pedipalp tarsus in the family Phrynidae (Arachnida: Amblypygi). Arthropod Struct Dev 2021; 61:101027. [PMID: 33581509 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2021.101027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The pedipalp tarsus of Amblypygi is used as a cleaning tool in grooming behavior and as a weapon in prey capture. The tarsus presents several structures with unknown functions that probably relate to both processes. The Amblypygi tarsus possesses a cleaning organ with two lines of projections and a group of setae distributed along the structure. We analyzed the morphological variation of the cleaning organ structures and the setae of the tarsus in species of the family Phrynidae using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additionally, we made histological sections to evaluate the sensory function of the structures. We found variation in the shape and size of the setae, projections and granular area of the cleaning organ; however, the observed differences do not allow for differentiation of taxonomic genera. The setae and projections of the cleaning organ have an internal structure similar to tip-pore sensilla. Externally, the setae are similar to the sensorial hairs in spiders and differ from the cleaning organ projections, which probably are modified setae. Mechanoreception function is evident in the setae, and is probable in projections of the cleaning organ; the evidence observed indicates that both structures may be considered as putative chemoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Chirivi-Joya
- Unidad de Ecología y Sistemática (UNESIS), Grupo de Sistemática Molecular, Laboratorio de Entomología, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Bogotá, Colombia. Carrera 7 N°. 40 - 62, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Laura Bonilla
- Unidad de Ecología y Sistemática (UNESIS), Grupo de Sistemática Molecular, Laboratorio de Entomología, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Bogotá, Colombia. Carrera 7 N°. 40 - 62, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Aleidy Galindo
- Unidad de Ecología y Sistemática (UNESIS), Grupo de Sistemática Molecular, Laboratorio de Entomología, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Bogotá, Colombia. Carrera 7 N°. 40 - 62, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Giovanny Fagua
- Unidad de Ecología y Sistemática (UNESIS), Grupo de Sistemática Molecular, Laboratorio de Entomología, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Bogotá, Colombia. Carrera 7 N°. 40 - 62, Bogotá, Colombia.
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Kimura KI, Hosoda N. Crucial role of framework with cytoskeletal actin filaments for shaping microstructure of footpad setae in the ladybird beetle, Harmonia axyridis. Arthropod Struct Dev 2021; 60:100998. [PMID: 33249365 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2020.100998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Insects that can walk on smooth surfaces have specialized structures, footpads, on their legs. Footpads play an important role in adhesion to the substrate surface. Although the morphology and function of footpads have been studied, the mechanism of their formation is still elusive. In the ladybird beetle (Harmonia axyridis), hairy footpads are present on the first and second tarsal segments of the legs. The footpads are covered with hundreds of hairs, i.e. setae, whose tips consist of four types: pointed, lanceolate, spatular, and discoidal. We examined the formation of the footpad during the pupal stage using immuno-staining and fluorescent-conjugated phalloidin staining. We found that a seta was composed of a shaft and a socket and some setae were accompanied by a neuron. By the mid-pupal stages, the shaft cells elongated to form a setal structure. Cytoskeletal actin bundles ramified to create a framework for the setal tip structure of the cells. We examined the effects of the application of cytochalasin D, which inhibits actin polymerization, on the formation of footpad setal structures. The results showed that the setal tips were deformed by the inhibition of actin polymerization. Our observations reveal that cytoskeletal actin filaments are involved in shaping the setae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichi Kimura
- Laboratory of Biology, Sapporo Campus, Hokkaido University of Education, Sapporo, 002-8502, Japan.
| | - Naoe Hosoda
- Research Center for Structural Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
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Di Palma A, Beard JJ, Bauchan GR, Ochoa R, Seeman OD, Kitajima EW. Dorsal setae in Raoiella (Acari: Tenuipalpidae): Their functional morphology and implication in fluid secretion. Arthropod Struct Dev 2021; 60:101023. [PMID: 33401135 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2020.101023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The setae of mites are not regarded as secretory structures, yet in the flat mite genus Raoiella, each developmental stage presents droplets of fluid associated with the tips of their dorsal setae. To understand the origin of this fluid, the ultrastructure of the dorsal setae is investigated in females of Raoiella bauchani Beard & Ochoa and the invasive pest species Raoiella indica Hirst using scanning and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The dorsal setae are barbed along their entire length and have either a broadened plumose or a flat spatulate tip. Ultrastructurally, they present the typical features of mechanoreceptors, but have a "hollow" axis represented by a protoplasmatic core containing dendritic branches. This combination of ultrastructural characters indicates that the setae might be multimodal receptors: acting as both mechanoreceptors and contact chemoreceptors. The epidermal cells that underlie the setal sockets are columnar and have an ultrastructure that suggests they have a glandular function. Moreover, these cells present regular microvilli apically and form extracellular cuticular canals, containing epicuticular filaments, that are connected with the microvilli proximally and which open via pores onto the surface of the setal base distally. This arrangement indicates that the secretion from the microvilli passes into the canals and is then conducted to pores at the base of the seta, where it then accumulates and moves up the setal shaft, along the longitudinal grooves of the barbs. Based on similar arrangements in some insect taxa, the organization of the structures here observed in Raoiella suggests the passage of a non-polar, water insoluble, lipoid fluid through the cuticle, the function of which is still obscure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Di Palma
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Science and Engineering (DAFNE), Food Environment, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Jenifer J Beard
- Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Queensland, 4101, Australia
| | - Gary R Bauchan
- Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, ARS-USDA, BARC, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Ronald Ochoa
- Systematic Entomology Laboratory, ARS-USDA, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Owen D Seeman
- Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Queensland, 4101, Australia
| | - Elliot W Kitajima
- Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), 13418900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Fernandes FDF, Barletta ABF, Orfanó AS, Pinto LC, Nacif-Pimenta R, Miranda JC, Secundino NFC, Bahia AC, Pimenta PFP. Ultrastructure of the Antennae and Sensilla of Nyssomyia intermedia (Diptera: Psychodidae), Vector of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. J Med Entomol 2020; 57:1722-1734. [PMID: 32761144 PMCID: PMC7899269 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The antennal sensilla and the antenna of females Nyssomyia intermedia, one of the main vectors of American cutaneous leishmaniasis, were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The main goal was to characterize the quantity, typology, and topography of the sensilla with particular attention to the olfactory types. The insects were captured in the city of Corte de Pedra, State of Bahia, Brazil, by CDC-type light traps and raised in a laboratory as a new colony. Fourteen well-differentiated sensilla were identified, among six cuticular types: trichoidea, campaniformia, squamiformia, basiconica, chaetica, and coeloconica. Of these, six sensilla were classified as olfactory sensilla due to their specific morphological features. Smaller noninnervated pilosities of microtrichiae type were also evidenced by covering all antennal segments. The antennal segments differ in shapes and sizes, and the amount and distribution of types and subtypes of sensilla. This study may foment future taxonomic and phylogenetic analysis for a better evolutionary understanding of the sand flies. Besides, it may assist the targeting of future electrophysiological studies by Single Sensillum Recording, and aim to develop alternative measures of monitoring and control of this vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando de Freitas Fernandes
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology (LEM), René Rachou Institute (IRR), FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz F Barletta
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Alessandra S Orfanó
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology (LEM), René Rachou Institute (IRR), FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luciana C Pinto
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology (LEM), René Rachou Institute (IRR), FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rafael Nacif-Pimenta
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology (LEM), René Rachou Institute (IRR), FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jose Carlos Miranda
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Transmitted by Vectors, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fiocruz, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Nágila F C Secundino
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology (LEM), René Rachou Institute (IRR), FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Bahia
- Laboratory of Insects and Parasites Biochemistry, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paulo F P Pimenta
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology (LEM), René Rachou Institute (IRR), FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Ortega-Insaurralde I, Picollo MI, Barrozo RB. Mouthpart sensory structures of the human head louse Pediculus humanus capitis. Arthropod Struct Dev 2020; 59:100996. [PMID: 33075667 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2020.100996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Head lice are exclusive human parasitic blood-sucking insects. Distributed worldwide among school-age children, this parasitosis generates scalp irritation and sometimes social prejudice. Understanding how head lice detect and perceive their human hosts is crucial to control transmission. Here, we describe the sensory structures present on the mouthparts of Pediculus humanus capitis and their possible contribution to the feeding decision-making process. On the anterior zone of the clypeus around the haustellum two morphological types of sensilla, invariable in location and number, were identified: fourteen short clypeus bristles (SCB) and six long clypeus bristles (LCB). During feeding these structures contact the host skin but not its blood. Located antero-dorsally on the everted haustellum and between the epipharyngeal teeth, a third sensillar type was identified: about four short peg epipharyngeal (SPE) sensilla. These structures are bathed with the incoming blood, when head lice feed, so may have a gustatory role. In behavioural experiments antennectomy of lice did not interfere with feeding behaviour, suggesting that the sensory structures on the mouthparts could be involved in host assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Ortega-Insaurralde
- Grupo de Neuroetología de Insectos Vectores, Laboratorio Fisiología de Insectos, Instituto Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA, UBA-CONICET), Departamento Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental (DBBE), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María Inés Picollo
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas, Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo para la Defensa, UNIDEF-CONICET, San Juan Bautista de La Salle 4397, B1603ALO, Villa Martelli, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Romina B Barrozo
- Grupo de Neuroetología de Insectos Vectores, Laboratorio Fisiología de Insectos, Instituto Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA, UBA-CONICET), Departamento Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental (DBBE), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Rani AT, Shashank PR, Meshram NM, Sagar D, Srivastava C, Pandey KK, Singh J. Morphological characterization of antennal sensilla of Earias vittella (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Nolidae). Micron 2020; 140:102957. [PMID: 33120164 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2020.102957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The shoot and fruit borer, Earias vittella Fab. (Lepidoptera: Nolidae) is an important and most devastating insect pest on okra and cotton. The pest mainly responsible for causing significant direct damage to tender shoots and fruits of okra, flowers and green bolls of cotton causing net yield loss in both crops. Many non-chemical control strategies have been developed under the insect pest management program, A complete knowledge on the antennal morphology of E. vitella is essential for future electrophysiological and behavioural studies. In the present study, the antennal morphology and types of sensilla on the antennae of both sexes of E. vitella were examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. Nine distinct types of sensilla were identified on the antennae of both sexes: sensilla trichodea, sensilla basiconica, sensilla coeloconica, sensilla auricillica (multiporous), sensilla chaetica, uniporous peg sensilla (uniporous), sensilla styloconica, sensilla squamiformia and bohm bristles (aporous). Among all sensilla, the most widespread are multiporous sensilla trichodea with 42.90 ± 1.77/flagellomere in male and 37.38 ± 1.38/flagellomere in female. Sensilla basiconica were the second most common sensillum type in male antennae with 15.67 ± 1.92/flagellomere. Other multiporous sensilla such as auricillica (11.90 ± 0.99) and coeloconica (4.57 ± 0.25) were significantly more abundant in female than in male antennae. Results of the study provide morphological evidence that E. vitella antennae possess microscopic cuticular structures that can play a role in perception of pheromones, plant odours and other chemical stimulants. This will open up opportunities to assess the possibility of using pheromones and plant-derived compounds for the monitoring or management of E. vittella moths in the agricultural landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Rani
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, 221305, UP, India
| | - P R Shashank
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Naresh M Meshram
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - D Sagar
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Chitra Srivastava
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - K K Pandey
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, 221305, UP, India
| | - Jagdish Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, 221305, UP, India
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Lei G, Fu Y, Wu WJ. Type and distribution of sensilla in the antennae of Euplatypus parallelus (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidea, Platypodinae). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241275. [PMID: 33108376 PMCID: PMC7591032 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Euplatypus parallelus (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidea) is the most destructive cosmopolitan insect pest of the Platypodinae. Pheromone-based luring agents are used currently in controlling bark beetle. Antennae are the primary insect organs sensing volatiles of host trees and pheromones of pioneer males. We studied the external morphology of antennae and the type, distribution, and the number of the beetle sensilla. Our results show E. parallelus have a geniculate antenna composed of 6 segments, namely the scape, 4-segmented funicle and club. Ninety-seven percent of the antennal sensors were distributed in the club, and 3% were distributed in the scape and funicle. 6 types of sensilla on the antennae were found, including sensilla trichodea (subtypes: STI, STII and STIII), sensilla basiconica (subtypes: SBI, SBII, SBIII and SBIV), sensilla chaetica (subtypes: SChI, SChII and SChIII), as well as sensilla coeloconica, sensilla campaniform and sensilla furcatea. There was no significant difference in the type, distribution and number of sensilla in males and females. No significant difference in the shape and distribution of antennae was found between sexes, but the length of antennae and the number of SChI, SChII, STI, SBI, SBIII and SBIV were significantly larger in females than males. We revealed the external cuticular structure of the antennae in E. parallelus, which can be used to guide future electrophysiological investigations to understand the ability of this beetle to detect semiochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoke Lei
- Laboratory of Insect Ecology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueguan Fu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou, China
| | - Wei-Jian Wu
- Laboratory of Insect Ecology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Fernandes FDF, Bahia AC, Secundino NFC, Pimenta PFP. Ultrastructural Analysis of Mouthparts of Adult Horn Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) From the Brazilian Midwest Region. J Med Entomol 2020; 57:1447-1458. [PMID: 32424423 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ultrastructure of the mouthparts of Haematobia irritans (L.) was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The morphological characteristics of the maxillary palps, labium (prementum and postmentum), labrum, hypopharynx, haustellum, and labellar lobes are described, as well as of the sensilla evidenced on all the surface of the mouthparts, and the set of different positions assumed by the mouth apparatus of this fly. Based on their morphology, 12 well-differentiated sensilla were identified, among three types of cuticular sensilla: trichoidea, coeloconica, and campaniformia. A slight sexual dimorphism in the sensilla patterns found in the mouthparts of H. irritans was evidenced. These observations are discussed with reference to the current literature on the functional morphology of sense organs of Insecta. These results could facilitate the recognition of the chemosensory sensilla by electrophysiological techniques, and foment future taxonomic and phylogenetic studies to better elucidate the evolution of Diptera, Muscomorpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando de Freitas Fernandes
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology (LEM), René Rachou Institute (IRR), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Division of Entomology, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Bahia
- Laboratory of Insects and Parasites Biochemistry, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Filemon Paolucci Pimenta
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology (LEM), René Rachou Institute (IRR), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Polidori C, Jorge A, Ornosa C. Antennal morphology and sensillar equipment vary with pollen diet specialization in Andrena bees. Arthropod Struct Dev 2020; 57:100950. [PMID: 32413703 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2020.100950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Several studies recently reported that specialized (oligolectic) bees, which collect pollen from few host plants, use, besides visual cues, specific volatiles to find their hosts. Generalist (polylectic) bees, on the other hand, likely have to recognize a wider range of volatiles because they forage on many plant species. Bee antennal sensory equipment may thus be under selection to optimize plant host recognition. This selection may have led to variation in sensory equipment morphology with diet specialization (lecty). We tested if lecty correlates with antennal morphology and abundance of the main olfactory/gustatory sensilla (sensilla trichoidea (ST), placoidea (SP), sensilla basiconica (SB)) in the genus Andrena (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae). Across 24 species, and after having controlled for body size, we found polylectic species to have a longer and narrower flagellomer F9 (the one with highest abundance of sensilla), and to have a greater ST density on F9, compared with oligolectic species. Neither SP density nor SB number varied with lecty. A cluster analysis furthermore depicted groups of species that reasonably reflect diet specialization. Our results are in line with the previously observed lower number of glomeruli in the brain of oligolectic, compared with polylectic, bees. A formal correction for phylogeny is necessary to confirm our preliminary conclusion that pollen diet specialization has driven the morphology of the peripheral sensory system in this bee genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Polidori
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales (ICAM), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Carlos III, s/n, E-45071, Toledo, Spain.
| | - Alberto Jorge
- Laboratorio de Sistemática Molecular, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), C/ José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, E-28006, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Concepción Ornosa
- Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/ José Antonio Nováis, 12, E-28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Roell T, Genevcius BC, Campos LA. Comparative morphology of clasping structures in predator stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae): Insights into their function and evolution. Arthropod Struct Dev 2020; 57:100949. [PMID: 32422518 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2020.100949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Parameres are male genital structures found in many insects which are often used as clasping devices to exert dominance in copula. The asopines have evolved a remarkable additional pair of similar structures, often denominated processes, which combines with the parameres in a tweezers-like system. Processes in similar positions have also been found in other subfamilies of Pentatomidae, but smaller and less developed. Using scanning electron microscopy, we document the among-species variability found in the clasping structures in asopines. We first revealed a vast diversity of ornamentations, such as sensilla and microsculpture. When present, these ornamentations are invariably found on both, the parameres and processes, and often on the corresponding female parts, the valvifers VIII, indicating a functional role of attachment and sensory perception in copula for the ornamentations. We also show that the processes are drastically different between the Asopinae and non-asopines. Therefore, we suggest the term "pseudoclasper" for the Asopinae processes and "superior process of dorsal rim" for the remaining examined taxa. The pseudoclaspers are directly connected to and attached in the same place as the parameres in asopines, while the superior processes of dorsal rim and parameres are completely disconnected in other pentatomids. These results indicate a non-homologous origin between pseudoclaspers and superior processes of dorsal rim in Pentatomidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Roell
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil.
| | - Bruno C Genevcius
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Rua do Matão 277, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luiz A Campos
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil.
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Roell T, Michels Bianchi F, Leite Kochenborger AP, Campos LA. External morphology of the abdominal glands in Asopinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Arthropod Struct Dev 2020; 57:100946. [PMID: 32387980 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2020.100946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Heteropterans communicate chemically through thoracic or abdominal glandular complexes. The dorso-abdominal scent glands (DAGs) are externalized by cuticular specialized structures forming the external scent efferent system (SES). Different groups in Heteroptera present other glands, such as the Asopinae (Pentatomidae), whose males can have ventral abdominal pheromonal glands externalized by cuticular modifications, called glandular patches (GPs). Here we describe the SES of DAGs and, for the first time, the GPs of 22 Asopinae genera. The ostioles of SES 1 vary in shape. SES 2 and SES 3 were restricted to scars, indicating that only the SES 1 remains functional in adults. The GPs are found mostly in segments V and VI. We have not found any difference in the morphological pattern between the SES of species bearing GPs and those lacking it, meaning that the acquisition of GPs is likely related to some sexual behavior, thus not as a complex structure replacing any role of the DAGs. The cuticle of the GPs is microsculptured, bearing many pores surrounding the base of sensilla being the pathway for the secretions to reach the outside of the exoskeleton. The sensilla may be adaptations to increase the contact surface, assisting rapid evaporation of the volatile secretions from the pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Roell
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brasil.
| | - Filipe Michels Bianchi
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brasil
| | - Ana Paula Leite Kochenborger
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brasil
| | - Luiz Alexandre Campos
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brasil
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Dong Z, Yang Y, Dou F, Zhang Y, Huang H, Zheng X, Wang X, Lu W. Observations on the Ultrastructure of Antennal Sensilla of Adult Glenea cantor (Cerambycidae: Lamiinae). J Insect Sci 2020; 20:5810270. [PMID: 32191795 PMCID: PMC7082121 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieaa013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The external morphology and distribution of antennal sensilla of Glenea cantor Fabricius were studied with scanning electron microscopy. The antennae of G. cantor were observed to be filiform, consisting of scape, pedicel, and flagellum (nine flagellomeres). Four distinct types of sensory receptors were observed, including sensilla chaetica, sensilla trichodea, sensilla basiconica, and Böhm bristles. Three morphological subtypes of sensilla chaetica were found on the antennae, and sensilla trichodea were also categorized into three morphological subtypes. Sensilla basiconica was grouped into two morphological subtypes that were found on subsegments F2-F9 of the flagellum, and Böhm bristles were only found at the intersegmental joints between the scape and the head and between the scape and the pedicel. The antennae of male and female adults were similar in shape, length, and diameter. However, the length, diameter, distribution, and number of each of the four distinct types of sensilla on the males were significantly different from those on females. The types, lengths, diameters, numbers, and distributions of these sensilla were described, and their possible functions were also discussed. The results indicated that the base and end of an antennal segment have a similar sensillum density, but the middle section sensor density is significantly greater, especially for olfactory and gustatory sensilla, possibly because the joints are more involved in mechanical sensing. The density of sensors is closely related to its sensing function; so, future studies on the biology of olfaction and sexual communication in G. cantor will be facilitated by these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zishu Dong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Peoples R China
| | - Yubin Yang
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center, Beaumont, TX
| | - Fugen Dou
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center, Beaumont, TX
| | - Yujing Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Peoples R China
| | - Huixin Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Peoples R China
| | - Xialin Zheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Peoples R China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Peoples R China
| | - Wen Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Peoples R China
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Wang Q, Wang Q, Li H, Sun L, Zhang D, Zhang Y. Sensilla localization and sex pheromone recognition of odorant binding protein OBP4 in the mirid plant bug Adelphocoris lineolatus (Goeze). J Insect Physiol 2020; 121:104012. [PMID: 31911184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2020.104012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pheromone binding proteins (PBPs) are well studied in lepidopteran moths and are considered to be crucial in detection of sex pheromones as well as some green leaf volatiles. In contrast, evidence that PBPs interact with sex pheromones of hemipteran species is not available. The mirid plant bug, Adelphocoris lineolatus (Goeze), is a notorious hemipteran pest that uses two butyrate esters, trans-2-hexenyl butyrate (E2HB) and hexyl butyrate (HB), and one hexenoic aldehyde trans-4-oxo-2-hexenal (E4O2H), as sex pheromones. In the present study, we report on an odorant binding protein, AlinOBP4, with particular focus on its potential physiological roles in the detection of A. lineolatus sex pheromone components. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that AlinOBP4 and two mirid orthologs clustered in a general phylogenetic clade with the lepidopteran ABX OBPs, the fly LUSH and the OBP83a/b subfamily. Cellular localization by fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunolabeling further demonstrated that AlinOBP4 was strongly expressed in the multiporous sensilla trichodea (str) and middle long sensilla basiconica (mlsba) of male A. lineolatus adults, suggesting a key role associated with sex pheromone and odorant detection. A ligand binding assay revealed that recombinant AlinOBP4 protein highly bound not only to the sex pheromone components E4O2H but also to some host plant volatiles. These findings together with the evidence of insect PBPs available in the literature support the view that AlinOBP4 is involved in sex pheromone detection in male A. lineolatus and provide foundational information for further elucidating the molecular mechanisms of chemosensory based mating behavior in hemipteran mirid bugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- College of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongyue Li
- College of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Dayu Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Gorb EV, Gorb SN. Attachment ability of females and males of the ladybird beetle Cryptolaemus montrouzieri to different artificial surfaces. J Insect Physiol 2020; 121:104011. [PMID: 31904387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2019.104011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To test the effects of surface chemistry and surface roughness on the attachment ability of female and male Cryptolaemus montrouzieri beetles that are equipped with hairy adhesive pads, traction force experiments were performed on three artificial substrates: (1) hydrophobic smooth glass, (2) hydrophobic smooth epoxy resin, and (3) hydrophobic microrough epoxy resin. Also the micromorphology of the dorsal body side and adhesive pads in males and females was examined using a scanning electron microscopy. The traction force ranged from 0.13 to 3.60 mN in females and from 0.28 to 3.20 mN in males. The force values obtained on different test substrates showed highly significant differences and decreased in the following order of substrates: glass - smooth epoxy resin - microrough epoxy resin. In both females and males, the effect of surfaces was similar. The obtained results clearly showed that both surface parameters, chemistry and roughness, affected the attachment ability of beetles. Similar microstructure of adhesive pads in both sexes resulted in similar attachment performance of males and females on all test substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Gorb
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Stanislav N Gorb
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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Ranieri E, Ruschioni S, Riolo P, Isidoro N, Romani R. Sensory Receptors Associated with the Labial Tip and Precibarium of Philaenus spumarius L. (Hemiptera: Aphrophoride). Microsc Microanal 2020; 26:173-181. [PMID: 31722767 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927619015125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The meadow spittlebug, Philaenus spumarius (Linnaeus) (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae), is an important vector for the xylem-limited bacterium Xylella fastidiosa (Wells, Raju, Hung, Weisburg, Mandelco-Paul, and Brenner), which is associated with olive quick decline syndrome in southern Italy. The mouthparts of Hemiptera have important roles in host plant selection, feeding behavior and for vectoring pathogens that cause plant diseases. In this study, the functional morphology of the sensory structures located on the labium tip and precibarium of P. spumarius was investigated using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The labium tip is composed of two symmetrical sensory complexes, each with five different types of sensilla: aporous sensilla trichodea type 1 and 2; uniporous sensilla chaetica type 1 and 2; and multiporous sensilla basiconica. The precibarium of P. spumarius has two kinds of sensory structures: bulbous sensilla and papillae sensilla. In particular, two groups of sensilla are located on the epipharynx: a distal group that consists of ten papillae sensilla and a proximal group composed of six papillae sensilla and two bulbous sensilla, while the hypopharynx has only two papillae sensilla. The involvement of these sensory structures in the context of feeding behavior and pathogen transmission is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Ranieri
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona60131, Italy
| | - Sara Ruschioni
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona60131, Italy
| | - Paola Riolo
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona60131, Italy
| | - Nunzio Isidoro
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona60131, Italy
| | - Roberto Romani
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia06121, Italy
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Taai K, Harbach RE, Somboon P, Sriwichai P, Aupalee K, Srisuka W, Yasanga T, Phuackchantuck R, Jatuwattana W, Pusawang K, Saeung A. A method for distinguishing the important malaria vectors Anopheles dirus and An. cracens (Diptera: Culicidae) based on antennal sensilla of adult females. Trop Biomed 2019; 36:926-937. [PMID: 33597464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Some species of the Anopheles dirus species complex are considered to be highly competent malaria vectors in Southeast Asia. Anopheles dirus is the primary vector of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax while An. cracens is the main vector of P. knowlesi. However, these two species are difficult to distinguish and identify based on morphological characters. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential use of antennal sensilla to distinguish them. Large sensilla coeloconica borne on the antennae of adult females were counted under a compound light microscope and the different types of antennal sensilla were examined in a scanning electron microscope. The antennae of both species bear five types of sensilla: ampullacea, basiconica, chaetica, coeloconica and trichodea. Observations revealed that the mean numbers of large sensilla coeloconica on antennal flagellomeres 2, 3, 7, 10 and 12 on both antennae of both species were significantly different. This study is the first to describe the types of antennal sensilla and to discover the usefulness of the large coeloconic sensilla for distinguishing the two species. The discovery provides a simple, reliable and inexpensive method for distinguishing them.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Taai
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Western University, Kanchanaburi 71170, Thailand
| | - R E Harbach
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - P Somboon
- Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - P Sriwichai
- Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - K Aupalee
- Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - W Srisuka
- Entomology Section, Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, Chiang Mai 50180, Thailand
| | - T Yasanga
- Medical Science Research Equipment Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - R Phuackchantuck
- Research Administration Sections, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - W Jatuwattana
- Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - K Pusawang
- Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - A Saeung
- Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Carrasco D, Nyabuga FN, Anderbrant O, Svensson GP, Birgersson G, Lankinen Å, Larsson MC, Andersson MN. Characterization of olfactory sensory neurons in the red clover seed weevil, Protapion trifolii (Coleoptera: Brentidae) and comparison to the closely related species P. fulvipes. J Insect Physiol 2019; 119:103948. [PMID: 31539550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2019.103948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Protapion trifolii and P. fulvipes (Coleoptera: Brentidae) are major pests in European clover seed production. Previous studies have reported a high host plant fidelity of these weevils for red and white clover species, respectively, driven by host plant olfactory cues. Given the specific host preferences observed in these weevils, we aimed to elucidate to which extent such selectivity is reflected in their peripheral olfactory systems. Using an electrophysiological approach, we performed the first functional characterisation of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) in P. trifolii to a panel of volatile compounds emitted by red clover plants, and compared the results with the reported OSN types of P. fulvipes. Nineteen OSN classes were characterized in P. trifolii, with the majority of these neurons responding strongly to common volatiles released by the host plant. Based on response profiles, eight of these OSN classes have clear matches to OSN classes in P. fulvipes. The OSN colocalisation patterns and antennal frequency of these classes are similar in the two species. Additionally, the responses of these OSNs are generally highly conserved in the two species, with clear response shifts only revealed for two of the OSN classes. These response shifts in combination with additional response dissimilarities for compounds that vary in abundance between red and white clover plants may underlie the species-specific host preferences. Further behavioural and field experiments should focus on these differentially detected compounds to elucidate their potential role in host selection and use in semiochemical-based control of these pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Carrasco
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Franklin N Nyabuga
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Olle Anderbrant
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Glenn P Svensson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Göran Birgersson
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Åsa Lankinen
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Mattias C Larsson
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Martin N Andersson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
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30
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Sandoval Ramírez CM, Nieves Blanco E, Esteban Adarme L, Angulo Silva VM, Otálora-Luna F, Galvão C, Catalá S. Comparative Study of the Antennal Phenotype in Species of the Belminus (Hemiptera: Triatominae) Genus Using Optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy. J Med Entomol 2019; 56:1260-1269. [PMID: 31329909 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The genus Belminus Stål, 1859 is distinguished by markedly entomophagous species. This genus is a poorly studied group of the Triatominae (Jeannel, 1919), which includes hematophagous species that are vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas, 1909), the etiological agent of Chagas disease. This study reports for the first time the description of the antennal sensilla of Belminus corredori (Galvão & Angulo, 2003), Belminus herreri (Lent & Wygodzinsky, 1979), and Belminus ferroae (Sandoval, Pabón, Jurberg & Galvão, 2007) nymphs and adults throughout scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy. Nine morphological types of sensilla were identified in the three species, including bristles I and II, trichobothria, tapered hairs, thin-walled trichoid, thick-walled trichoid, basiconic, campaniform, and coeloconica sensilla. The analysis of the most abundant types of sensilla and their distribution in nymphs and adults shows similarities with the antennal phenotypes described in other Triatominae. Quantitative differences showed the important phenotypic plasticity of this morphological trait in the genus and allowed for the separation of the species in both sexes. These differences were associated with sexual dimorphism and wing condition (macropterous and brachypterous). The role of the antennal phenotype in sexual behavior, its usefulness as a taxonomic tool, and its relationship with the dispersal capacity of these species are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Magaly Sandoval Ramírez
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Naturales y Agropecuarias, Grupo de Investigaciones en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas para la Sostenibilidad (CIBAS), Universidad de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
- Facultad de Ciencias, Laboratorio de Parasitología Experimental (LAPEX), Universidad de los Andes, Mérida, República Bolivariana de Venezuela
| | - Elsa Nieves Blanco
- Facultad de Ciencias, Laboratorio de Parasitología Experimental (LAPEX), Universidad de los Andes, Mérida, República Bolivariana de Venezuela
| | - Lida Esteban Adarme
- Centro de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales CINTROP-UIS, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Santander, Colombia
| | - Víctor M Angulo Silva
- Centro de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales CINTROP-UIS, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Santander, Colombia
| | - Fernando Otálora-Luna
- Facultad de Ciencias, Laboratorio de Entomología 'Herman Lent', Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, República Bolivariana de Venezuela
- Department of Biology, School of Art & Sciences, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA
| | - Cleber Galvão
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Silvia Catalá
- Centro Regional de Investigación Científica y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja, CRILAR-CONICET, Anillaco, Argentina
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Su J, Zhao B, Zhang A, Bu X, Chen J, Yan Z, Wang S. Pore-ridge nanostructures on the surface of trichoid sensilla of the male silkmoth Bombyx mori: Aerodynamic trapping and transporting of the pheromone molecules. Arthropod Struct Dev 2019; 52:100875. [PMID: 31228573 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper tries to reveal the mechanism of the high-efficient adsorption of the sex pheromone by the trichoid sensilla of the male silk moth Bombyx mori. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to acquire the topographies and nanostructures of the surfaces of the trichoid sensilla. SEM and AFM images present mostly regular pore-ridge nanostructures on the sensilla, and all the pores are located at or near the feet of the ridges. AFM phase-shift images demonstrate that the variation of phase-shift, which appears along the ridge cannot simply be attributed to heterogeneity in surface lipid properties, for the phase-shift was present in the same region with the sudden difference in height. Simulations of computational fluid dynamics were applied to investigate the effects on the airflow velocity field and streamlines by the pore-ridge nanostructures and the antenna vibration. Simulation results indicate that the airflow vortexes that form on the sensillum surface are generated by the combined effect of ambient airflow and pore-ridge structure as well as spontaneous vibration of the antenna. We suggest that the vortex intercepts and traps the pheromone molecules passing nearby, and transports them through its periodical movement to the pore. We speculate that the vortex is the aerodynamic factor benefitting the highly efficient adsorption of pheromone molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Su
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, PR China; College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, PR China
| | - Boguang Zhao
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, PR China
| | - Aijun Zhang
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, 20705-2350, USA
| | - Xiaoli Bu
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, PR China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering and the College of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Zhendong Yan
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, PR China
| | - Shifa Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, PR China.
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Li Z, Wei Y, Sun L, An X, Dhiloo KH, Wang Q, Xiao Y, Khashaveh A, Gu S, Zhang Y. Mouthparts enriched odorant binding protein AfasOBP11 plays a role in the gustatory perception of Adelphocoris fasciaticollis. J Insect Physiol 2019; 117:103915. [PMID: 31336105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2019.103915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Insect odorant binding proteins (OBPs), one of the most important groups of odor carriers, are believed to play essential roles in chemoreception. In the present study, we focused on AfasOBP11 in Adelphocoris fasciaticollis. Expression profiles showed that AfasOBP11 was mainly expressed in the mouthparts of A. fasciaticollis. Additionally, two types of sensilla, sensilla trichodeum and sensilla basiconicum, were found on the mouthparts of bugs. Moreover, anti-AfasOBP11 antiserum strongly labeled the sensilla basiconica. In fluorescence binding assays, recombinant AfasOBP11 displayed much stronger binding abilities to non-volatile secondary metabolite compounds than to volatile odors, suggesting a role of AfasOBP11 in taste sensing. To further investigate the biological functions of AfasOBP11, the feeding behavior of wild-type, dsGFP-injected and dsAfasOBP11-injected bugs was evaluated by performing electrical penetration graph (EPG) tests. After RNA interference of target AfasOBP11, A. fasciaticollis bugs spent a longer time and pierced more frequently on the artificial diet containing 2.0% gossypol, indicating that RNAi treated bugs reduced sensitivity to gossypol. Our findings suggest that AfasOBP11 may play a vital role in chemoreception of A. fasciaticollis, especially in gustatory perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liang Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Xingkui An
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Khalid Hussain Dhiloo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Department of Entomology, Faculty of Crop Protection, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Adel Khashaveh
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shaohua Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Hall LP, Graves F, Myrick A, Hoover K, Baker TC. Labial and maxillary palp recordings of the Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis, reveal olfactory and hygroreceptive capabilities. J Insect Physiol 2019; 117:103905. [PMID: 31238054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2019.103905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Electrophysiological recordings from the labial and maxillary palps of the Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis, revealed their ability to detect several volatile chemicals, including water vapor and acetic acid. The results indicate that these appendages may play a large role in this beetle's assessment of its immediate environment. A. glabripennis is a highly destructive, invasive pest that feeds preferentially on maple - but accepts many other tree species - in North America, warranting USDA quarantine zones and an eradication program. While control and sampling techniques are being developed for this insect, a better understanding of its sensory capabilities is helpful. Electropalpograms (EPGs) revealed that both the maxillary and labial palps are highly sensitive to changes in humidity, indicating the presence of hygroreceptors and the likely important role of humidity in such things as feeding and finding water or oviposition sites. Strong EPG responses to a narrow set of volatile chemicals indicate that olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) on the palps may be tuned to a small number of volatile compounds. The types of odorant molecules eliciting responses indicate that there are likely both odorant receptors (ORs) as well as ionotropic receptors (IRs) expressed on the OSNs, enabling palp OSNs to be able to respond to acids and aldehydes such as acetic acid and butyraldehyde. There were no significant EPG responses to this species' trail-sex pheromone components, which may indicate that the trail pheromone is primarily perceived via gustatory receptors contacting the substrate. These results indicate that the palps have a role in the beetle's assessment of its immediate environment underfoot, and that the sampling of surface odors and humidity via mouth parts may be important to this species' success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loyal P Hall
- Dept. of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, 501 ASI Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
| | - Fern Graves
- Dept. of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, 501 ASI Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
| | - Andrew Myrick
- Dept. of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, 501 ASI Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
| | - Kelli Hoover
- Dept. of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, 501 ASI Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
| | - Thomas C Baker
- Dept. of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, 501 ASI Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
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Godoy R, Aburto C, Lizana P, Venthur H, Palma-Millanao R, Méndez L, Panichini M, Moraga F, Bardehle L, Quiroz A, Mutis A. Antennal Morphology and Localization of a Pheromone-Binding Protein of Lobesia botrana (Denis & Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Neotrop Entomol 2019; 48:422-432. [PMID: 30414018 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-018-0648-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the sensory system of insects, olfactory sensilla constitute important functional elements for discriminating odors. Therefore, we used light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to investigate the morphology and distribution of sensilla in the antennae of Lobesia botrana (Denis & Schiffermüller). In addition, we studied the expression of the gene encoding for pheromone-binding protein 1 (LbotPBP1) by in situ hybridization. Lobesia botrana antennae are filiform and are subdivided into three segments: scape, pedicel, and flagellum. The number of flagellum and their overall length were significantly higher and longer in males than in females. Six morphological types of sensilla (trichodea, chaetica, coeloconica, auricillica, basiconica, and styloconica) were identified on the antennae of both sexes. Trichodea sensilla were the most abundant on the antennae of L. botrana, and three subtypes, discerned by their lengths, were observed. However, sensilla trichodea subtype III was only present in male antennae. Moreover, LbotPBP1 expression was restricted to this type of sensilla, thus confirming its olfactory role, specifically under the context of sexual pheromone perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Godoy
- Carrera de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, La Araucanía, 4811230, Temuco, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - C Aburto
- Carrera de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, La Araucanía, 4811230, Temuco, Chile
| | - P Lizana
- Carrera de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, La Araucanía, 4811230, Temuco, Chile
| | - H Venthur
- Centro de Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
- Laboratorio de Química Ecológica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Araucanía, Temuco, Chile
| | - R Palma-Millanao
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Nucleus Centre in Molecular Ecology and Evolutionary Applications in the Agroecosystems, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - L Méndez
- Centro de Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - M Panichini
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA Quilamapu), Chillán, Chile
| | - F Moraga
- Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - L Bardehle
- Centro de Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
- Laboratorio de Química Ecológica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Araucanía, Temuco, Chile
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - A Quiroz
- Centro de Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
- Laboratorio de Química Ecológica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Araucanía, Temuco, Chile
| | - A Mutis
- Centro de Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile.
- Laboratorio de Química Ecológica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Araucanía, Temuco, Chile.
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Qiao HL, Lu PF, Liu S, Xu CQ, Guo K, Xu R, Chen J. [Ultrastructure observations on antennal sensilla of Heortia vitessoides the most serious pest of Aquilaria sinensis]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2019; 44:2026-2031. [PMID: 31355556 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20190325.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Heortia vitessoides is the most serious pest of Aquilaria sinensis,which is an economically important evergreen tree native to China and is the principal source of Chinese agarwood. In severe infestations,the insects completely eat up the leaves of A. sinensis,causing severe economic losses. In a more recent study,we found that the antennal sensilla of adult play important roles in the host location,mating and oviposition of H. vitessoides. Here,the external morphology of the antennal sensilla of H. vitessoides were examined using scanning electron microscopy. The result showed that the antennae of both sexes of H. vitessoides were filiform in shape,which consist of the scape,pedicel and about 64 segments of flagellomeres. Eight morphological sensilla types were recorded in both sexes,including sensilla trichodea,sensilla chaetica,sensilla basiconica,sensilla coeloconica,sensilla styloconica,sensilla auricillica,sensilla squamiformia and böhm bristle. Major differences were recorded in the distribution and quantity of different sensilla types in each segment of antenna. The sensillas are almost confined to the ventral and lateral surfaces rather than the back side of antennae. Antennal flagella contained the most sensilla while the scape and pedicel segments only contained böhm bristles and sensilla squamiformias. Sensilla trichodea Ⅲ were only found on male antennae. These results are discussed in relation to the possible roles of the sensilla types in the host location,mating and oviposition selection behavior of H. vitessoides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Li Qiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193,China
| | - Peng-Fei Lu
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education,Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083,China
| | - Sai Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193,China
| | - Chang-Qing Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193,China
| | - Kun Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193,China
| | - Rong Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193,China
| | - Jun Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193,China
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Chen QX, Li WL, Chen YW, Chen J, Song YQ. Morphological comparison of proboscides and associated sensilla of Helicoverpa armigera and Mythimna separate (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Arthropod Struct Dev 2019; 49:119-127. [PMID: 30550776 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Proboscides are important feeding devices for most adult Lepidoptera and exhibit significant morphological modifications and types of sensilla associated with feeding habits. In this study the architectures of the proboscides and sensilla were compared between the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) and the armyworm Mythimna separate (Walker) using scanning electron microscopy. The proboscides of both species consist of two elongated maxillary galeae joined by dorsal and ventral legulae, forming a food canal. The dorsal legulae in H. armigera disappear a short distance from the proboscis apex, whereas those in M. separate exist up to the apex. Three types of sensilla are present on the proboscides of both species: sensilla chaetica, basiconica, and styloconica. The morphological differences of the sensilla mainly concern the sensilla styloconica, whose styli have six to seven smooth-edged ridges in H. armigera but six serrate-edged ridges in M. separate. No significant sexual dimorphism was found in the proboscides and sensilla of both species except for the length of the zone without the dorsal legulae in H. armigera. The morphological similarities and differences of the proboscides and sensilla between the two species are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Xiao Chen
- Laboratory of Insect Evolution and Systematics, Forestry College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China.
| | - Wen-Liang Li
- Laboratory of Insect Evolution and Systematics, Forestry College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China
| | - Ying-Wu Chen
- Laboratory of Insect Evolution and Systematics, Forestry College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Xi'an Vocational and Technical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, China
| | - Yue-Qin Song
- Laboratory of Insect Evolution and Systematics, Forestry College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China
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Jia HR, Sun YF, Luo SP, Wu KM. Characterization of antennal chemosensilla and associated odorant binding as well as chemosensory proteins in the Eupeodes corollae (Diptera: Syrphidae). J Insect Physiol 2019; 113:49-58. [PMID: 30080999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aphidophagous syrphids are important for pest control and pollination in various agroecosystems. However, the mechanism underlying olfaction, which is critical for insect' behavioral processes and fitness, has not been well understood in the family Syrphidae. Hence, we performed a systematic identification and characterisation of the antennal sensilla and two groups of soluble proteins, odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) and chemosensory proteins (CSPs), in the hoverfly Eupeodes corollae. (i) With scanning electron microscopy, four major types of sensilla (chaetic sensilla [two subtypes], trichoid sensilla, basiconic sensilla [two subtypes] and coeloconic sensilla), with numerous microtrichia, were first observed along the entire surface of aristate antennae of both sexes of E. corollae. Of these, only chaetic sensillum was found on the first two antennal segments, scape and pedicel, while the other types of sensilla were located on the flagellum. No marked difference was observed in the morphological structure or distributional pattern of any of the sensilla between the two sexes. (ii) By molecular cloning and bioinformatic analysis, 7 EcorCSPs and 28 EcorOBPs (20 classic OBPs, 5 minus-C OBPs, and 3 plus-C OBPs) were directly identified from the species, which all share the characteristic hallmarks of their family, including the presence of a signal peptide and conserved cysteine signature. (iii) RT-qPCR of these chemosensory genes showed predominately tissue-biased expression patterns; 32 of the 35 EcorOBPs/CSPs were uniquely or primarily expressed in the main olfactory organs, either the antennae or head. (iv) Among these, several genes (EcorCSP2 and EcorOBP1, 9, 12, 15-17, 20) appeared to be antenna-biased. In situ hybridization assays indicated that each antenna-biased chemosensory gene was expressed in a different number of cells, suggesting they might play a more vital role in odour recognition and perception and could be potential candidates to study their biological functions in vivo and in vitro. Together, our current findings provide a basis for future studies on how syrphids utilize chemical cues to regulate their behavior during interactions among the natural enemy, its prey, and host plant in agro-ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ru Jia
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yu-Feng Sun
- Laboratory of Agro-products Quality Safety Risk Assessment (Beijing), Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Shu-Ping Luo
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Kong-Ming Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
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Huang ZY, Li SY, Lu W, Zheng XL. Structure and Sense Organs of Ovipositors of an Endoparasitoid Aprostocetus causalis and an Ectoparasitoid Quadrastichus mendeli in Leptocybe spp. Microsc Microanal 2019; 25:250-256. [PMID: 30712524 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927618015647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Little is known of the olfactory mechanisms of host detection in the ovipositors of endoparasitoids and ectoparasitoids. An endoparasitoid Aprostocetus causalis La Salle & Wu (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and an ectoparasitoid Quadrastichus mendeli Kim & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae) are the two parasitoids of the eucalyptus gall wasp Leptocybe spp. Structures and sense organs of ovipositors of A. causalis and Q. mendeli were studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, which provided essential information for exploring the mechanism of host detection by endoparasitoid and ectoparasitoid. The ovipositors of two parasitoids consisted of the first and second valvulae and ended in a pointed tip. There were three types of microtrichia, two types of sensilla chaetica, and one type of sensilla campaniformia on the ovipositors of A. causalis and Q. mendeli. However, Q. mendeli has the fourth type of microtrichia on the ovipositor. The morphology, types, distribution, length, and width of these sensilla and microtrichia were described, and their possible functions are discussed in conjunction with the stinging, oviposition, and the host selection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-You Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education,College of Agriculture,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China
| | - Si-Yan Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education,College of Agriculture,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China
| | - Wen Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education,College of Agriculture,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China
| | - Xia-Lin Zheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education,College of Agriculture,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China
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Schaber CF, Flenner S, Glisovic A, Krasnov I, Rosenthal M, Stieglitz H, Krywka C, Burghammer M, Müller M, Gorb SN. Hierarchical architecture of spider attachment setae reconstructed from scanning nanofocus X-ray diffraction data. J R Soc Interface 2019; 16:20180692. [PMID: 30958170 PMCID: PMC6364634 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
When sitting and walking, the feet of wandering spiders reversibly attach to many surfaces without the use of gluey secretions. Responsible for the spiders' dry adhesion are the hairy attachment pads that are built of specially shaped cuticular hairs (setae) equipped with approximately 1 µm wide and 20 nm thick plate-like contact elements (spatulae) facing the substrate. Using synchrotron-based scanning nanofocus X-ray diffraction methods, combining wide-angle X-ray diffraction/scattering and small-angle X-ray scattering, allowed substantial quantitative information to be gained about the structure and materials of these fibrous adhesive structures with 200 nm resolution. The fibre diffraction patterns showed the crystalline chitin chains oriented along the long axis of the attachment setae and increased intensity of the chitin signal dorsally within the seta shaft. The small-angle scattering signals clearly indicated an angular shift by approximately 80° of the microtrich structures that branch off the bulk hair shaft and end as the adhesive contact elements in the tip region of the seta. The results reveal the specific structural arrangement and distribution of the chitin fibres within the attachment hair's cuticle preventing material failure by tensile reinforcement and proper distribution of stresses that arise upon attachment and detachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens F. Schaber
- Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Silja Flenner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Postfach 1160, 21494 Geesthacht, Germany
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Anja Glisovic
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Igor Krasnov
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Martin Rosenthal
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Hergen Stieglitz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Postfach 1160, 21494 Geesthacht, Germany
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christina Krywka
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Postfach 1160, 21494 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Manfred Burghammer
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Martin Müller
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Postfach 1160, 21494 Geesthacht, Germany
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Stanislav N. Gorb
- Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, Germany
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Joy JE, Neff D, Zuzolo JJ, Setser EA, Humbert AA. Aggregation Patterns of Sensory Sensillae in the Food Canal and Cibarium of Haematobia irritans (Diptera: Muscidae). J Med Entomol 2019; 56:95-102. [PMID: 30329073 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjy189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although mean body lengths of females were significantly greater than males in individuals drawn from two Haematobia irritans (L.) sample populations (n = 20 females and n = 20 males from West Virginia; n = 20 females and n = 20 males from Georgia), there were no significant differences in food canal lengths for females versus males at either site. Variable numbers (21-37) of setiform sensillae occurred throughout the length of the food canal, but such sensillae were significantly aggregated in the distal-most canal region of both sexes at both sites. There was no significant difference in mean numbers of food canal setiform sensillae between females and males. Four basiconic (campaniform) sensillae were consistently observed in the food canal of every fly; always aggregated in the distal-most canal region. Setiform sensillae in the cibarium also varied in number (6-13), but were significantly aggregated in the median and proximal cibarial regions. Four (occasionally three) peg-like basiconic sensillae were also observed in the cibarium of sample individuals; always in the distal and distal median regions of both sexes. Sensory sensillae (both setiform and basiconic) in both the food canal and cibarium were similarly aggregated for both sexes at both sites. Aggregation of setiform and basiconic sensillae in the food canal suggests that the distal canal region is most critical for sensory input regarding monitoring blood flow, and stress forces brought to bear on the cuticle as the labrum tip penetrates the host's skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Joy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, WV
| | - David Neff
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, WV
| | - Jenna J Zuzolo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, WV
| | - Emily A Setser
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, WV
| | - Austin A Humbert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, WV
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Hu P, Gao C, Tao J, Lu P, Luo Y, Ren L. Sensilla on six olfactory organs of male Eogystia hippophaecolus (Lepidoptera: Cossidae). Microsc Res Tech 2018; 81:1059-1070. [PMID: 30351496 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Eogystia hippophaecolus (Hua et al.) is an important boring pest that primarily damages sea buckthorn, causing large ecological and economic damages in China. In this study, we used scanning electron microscopy to investigate the sensilla on six olfactory tissues of male E. hippophaecolus: antennae, labial palps, external genitals, propodeum, mesopodium, and metapedes. On the antennae, two types of sensillum trichodea, two types of sensillum basiconica, a type of sensillum coeloconica, and Böhm's bristles were found. The labial palps had sensilla trichodea and chaetica. On the external genitals, three types of sensilla trichodea were the only sensilla. Böhm bristles were found on the base of the tibia and at the terminus of the tarsus. Most sensilla were distributed on the tarsus of the three pairs of legs, and notably, a majority of which were sensilla trichodea and sensilla chaetica, were on the pretarsus and telotarsus of the three pairs of legs. In this study, the distribution, number, type, and morphology of the sensilla on six olfactory organs of E. hippophaecolus were determined, which established the foundation for a future immunohistochemical search of olfactory proteins. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Eogystia hippophaecolus is a serious pest of seabuckthorn. The distribution, number, type, and morphology of olfactory sensilla of E. hippophaecolus are determined. The function and distribution of sensilla are compared with those of other insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Xingan Vocational and technical college, Xinganmeng, China
| | - Chenglong Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jing Tao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Youqing Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lili Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
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Schneider ES, Kleineidam CJ, Leitinger G, Römer H. Ultrastructure and electrophysiology of thermosensitive sensilla coeloconica in a tropical katydid of the genus Mecopoda (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae). Arthropod Struct Dev 2018; 47:482-497. [PMID: 30120986 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In many acoustic insects, mate finding and mate choice are primarily based on acoustic signals. In several species with high-intensity calling songs, such as the studied katydid Mecopoda sp., males exhibit an increase in their thoracic temperature during singing, which is linearly correlated with the amount of energy invested in song production. If this increased body temperature is used by females as an additional cue to assess the male's quality during mate choice, as has been recently hypothesized ("hot-male" hypothesis), thermosensory structures would be required to evaluate this cue. In the present study, therefore, we investigated the ultrastructure and physiology of thermosensitive sensilla coeloconica on the antennal flagella of Mecopoda sp. using a combination of electron microscopy and electrophysiological recording techniques. We could identify three distinct types of sensilla coeloconica based on differences in the number and branching pattern of their dendrites. Physiological recordings revealed the innervation by antagonistically responding thermoreceptors (cold and warm) and bimodal hygro-/thermoreceptors (moist or dry) in various combinations. Our findings indicate that Mecopoda sp. females are capable of detecting a singing male from distances of at least several centimetres solely by assessing thermal cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik S Schneider
- Institute of Zoology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2/1, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Christoph J Kleineidam
- Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Gerd Leitinger
- Research Unit Electron Microscopic Techniques, Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Heinrich Römer
- Institute of Zoology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2/1, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Hore G, Saha GK, Banerjee D. Sensory organs of forensically important fly Ophyra capensis (Wiedemann, 1818) (Diptera: Muscidae): A scanning electron microscopic study. Acta Trop 2018; 185:400-411. [PMID: 29932930 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dipterans, especially the sarcosaprophagous communities are of substantial importance from medical, veterinary and forensic entomological perspectives. Muscids are generally seen to colonize carcasses at advanced stages of decomposition when the initial dominance of calliphorids and sarcophagids subsides. Ophyra capensis (Wiedemann, 1818), a muscid fly with a relatively wide distribution range is considered of decent forensic relevance as it has been reported not only from cadavers placed outdoors but also from graves and exhumed corpses. The prime objective of the present study is to analyse and interpret the ultrastructural morphology of three sensory organs, namely, the ocellar region, compound eye and antenna of adult male and female Ophyra capensis with the help of scanning electron microscopy, so as to facilitate accurate morphological identification of the species in forensic entomological investigations. SEM analysis of the ocellar region revealed that it was larger in size in females and covered with microtrichia. Ultrastructural analysis of the compound eye indicated that the antero-frontally located ommatidia were larger in size in comparison to the rest of the facets, along with notable sexual dimorphism regarding the size of the ommatidia. The ultrastructure of the antenna displayed the presence of five types of sensilla, two types of chaetic sensilla on the scape and pedicel; trichoid sensilla and two types of basiconic sensilla on the flagellum along with numerous microtrichia. Both types of basiconic sensilla displayed a multiporous surface indicating their characteristic olfactory function. The morphological characteristics of these sensilla along with their probable functions are discussed in greater details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Hore
- Diptera Section, Zoological Survey of India, Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change (Government of India), M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata, 700 053, West Bengal, India; Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700 019, West Bengal, India.
| | - Goutam Kumar Saha
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700 019, West Bengal, India.
| | - Dhriti Banerjee
- Diptera Section, Zoological Survey of India, Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change (Government of India), M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata, 700 053, West Bengal, India.
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Huang ZY, Zhang YJ, Liu JY, Yang ZD, Lu W, Zheng XL. Ultrastructure of Female Antennal Sensilla of an Endoparasitoid Wasp, Quadrastichus mendeli Kim & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae). Microsc Microanal 2018; 24:431-441. [PMID: 30175705 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927618012424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The antennal sensilla of female Quadrastichus mendeli Kim & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae) were observed with scanning and transmission electron microscopy in this study. The antenna of Q. mendeli was geniculate, and the flagellum was composed of seven subsegments. Six distinct types of sensory receptors were observed, including sensilla basiconic capitate peg, sensilla böhm, sensilla chaetica, sensilla campaniformia, sensilla placodea and sensilla trichodea. Sensilla basiconic capitate pegs were found on the flagellomeres, and Böhm sensilla were found on the basal part of scape and the pedicel. Two morphological subtypes of sensilla chaetica were found on the antennae, and sensilla campaniformia were only found on the pedicel. Sensilla placodea were divided into two morphological subtypes that were found on the flagellomeres. Sensilla trichodea were found on the 2nd-6th flagellomere. By comparison to existing antennal sensilla, it was found that sensilla basiconic capitate peg, sensilla chaetica, sensilla placodea and sensilla trichodea were the most common sensilla of the parasitoids of Eulophidae. The external and internal morphology, types, number, distribution, length, and width of these sensilla were described, and their possible functions are discussed in conjunction with the host-detection behavior. Future studies on the host location mechanisms in Q. mendeli will be facilitated by these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-You Huang
- 1Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety,College of Agriculture,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China
| | - Yu-Jing Zhang
- 1Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety,College of Agriculture,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China
| | - Jun-Yan Liu
- 1Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety,College of Agriculture,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China
| | - Zhen-De Yang
- 2College of Forestry,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China
| | - Wen Lu
- 1Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety,College of Agriculture,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China
| | - Xia-Lin Zheng
- 1Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety,College of Agriculture,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China
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Yuvaraj JK, Andersson MN, Anderbrant O, Löfstedt C. Diversity of olfactory structures: A comparative study of antennal sensilla in Trichoptera and Lepidoptera. Micron 2018; 111:9-18. [PMID: 29804006 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The antenna is the main sensory organ of insects, housing different types of sensilla dedicated to detect chemical cues, motion, humidity and temperature. Sensilla are divided into different types based on their wall structure and morphology. Among the olfactory sensilla, there is an enormous variation in the numbers and morphological types present in different insect taxa. The reasons for this variation remain obscure, though there may be a correlation between sensillum morphology and the characteristics of the stimulus that the olfactory sensory neurons inside the sensillum detect. Here, we report the first comparative analysis of the morphology and ultrastructure of sensilla from Rhyacophila nubila (Rhyacophilidae: Trichoptera) and three species of Lepidoptera, Eriocrania semipurpurella (Eriocraniidae), Lampronia capitella (Prodoxidae), and Bicyclus anynana (Nymphalidae), which use different chemical types of pheromones. Our results, together with a thorough literature review, suggest a shift in major types of olfactory sensilla, from a high proportion of sensilla placodea or auricillica in Trichoptera and the most basal moth lineages (including Eriocraniidae), respectively, to sensilla trichodea in the more derived Lepidoptera (including Prodoxidae and the Ditrysia clade), which parallels the change in the types of sex pheromones used.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Olle Anderbrant
- Department of Biology, Lund University, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
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46
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Ganske AS, Uhl G. The sensory equipment of a spider - A morphological survey of different types of sensillum in both sexes of Argiope bruennichi (Araneae, Araneidae). Arthropod Struct Dev 2018; 47:144-161. [PMID: 29317353 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Spiders show a wide range of sensory capabilities as evidenced by behavioural observations. Accordingly, spiders possess diverse sensory structures like mechano-, hygro-, thermo- or chemoreceptive sensilla. As to chemoreceptive structures, only trichoid tip-pore sensilla were found so far that were tested for gustation. That spiders are also able to receive airborne signals is corroborated by numerous behavioural experiments but the responsible structures have not been determined yet. Here, we provide sensilla distribution maps of pedipalps and walking legs of both sexes of the wasp spider Argiope bruennichi whose biology and mating system is well explored. By means of scanning electron microscopy, we scrutinized whether there is in fact only one type of trichoid pore sensillum and if so, if there are deviations in the outer structure of the tip-pore sensilla depending on their position on the body. We also describe the external structure and distribution of slit sense organs, trichobothria and tarsal organs. Our study shows that all four sensillum types occur on pedipalps and walking legs of both sexes. As to chemosensory organs, only tip-pore sensilla were found, suggesting that this sensillum type is used for both gustation and olfaction. The highest numbers of tip-pore sensilla were observed on metatarsi and tarsi of the first two walking legs. Mechanosensitive slit sense organs occur as single slit sensilla in rows along all podomers or as lyriform organs next to the joints. The mechanosensitive trichobothria occur on the basal part of tibiae and metatarsi. Tarsal organs occur on the dorsal side of all tarsi and the male cymbium. The distribution maps of the sensilla are the starting point for further exploration of internal, morphological differences of the sensilla from different regions on the body. Cryptic anatomical differences might be linked to functional differences that can be explored in combination with electrophysiological analyses. Consequently, the maps will help to elucidate the sensory world of spiders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sarah Ganske
- Department of General and Systematic Zoology, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Loitzer Strasse 26, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Gabriele Uhl
- Department of General and Systematic Zoology, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Loitzer Strasse 26, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
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47
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Romani R, Ruschioni S, Riolo P, Isidoro N. Transmission and scanning electron microscopic observations on antennal apical pegs in the wasp species Pimplinae (Insecta: Hymenoptera). Micron 2018; 107:72-78. [PMID: 29432989 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pimplinae are parasitoids belonging to the family Ichneumonidae that attack and develops inside hidden host; female wasps evolved a peculiar host recognition strategy, that involves the use of self-produced vibrations which are transmitted through the antennae on the substrate and perceived back as an echo using the leg subgenual organ. In this study we investigated, using both scanning and transmission electron microscopy, the antennal tips of a few Pimplinae. In all the investigated species, the antennal tips present peculiar apical pegs with different shape and number, often defining a flattened sole devoid of other antennal structures, such as sensilla. These pegs are present in both sexes with different number and development, are inserted on the antennal wall through an inflexible socket and present a cuticular shaft with cuticle of different thickness. We never found the presence of sensory neurons or glandular epithelium associated with these pegs. Because of their peculiar morphological features, we hypothesize for the antennal apical pegs a role in the context of host searching behavior (in the case of the female through the vibrational sounding strategy), as well as during mating behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Romani
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Degli Studi Di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, Perugia, 06121, Italy.
| | - Sara Ruschioni
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona, 60131, Italy
| | - Paola Riolo
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona, 60131, Italy
| | - Nunzio Isidoro
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona, 60131, Italy
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48
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Silva DS, Barp EA, Kucharski LCR, Moreira GRP. Sensing the Plant Surface Prior to Feeding and Oviposition: Differences in External Ultrastructure and Function Among Tarsi of Heliconius erato. Neotrop Entomol 2018; 47:85-95. [PMID: 28332139 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-017-0508-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Adult foretarsi of Heliconius erato Linnaeus (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) are reduced in size and are not used for walking. Foretarsi of the female have specialized sensilla that are presumably used to identify the host plant, by drumming. The mid- and hind tarsi also bear sensilla in both sexes, but these have not been described in detail, nor has their chemosensory function been determined. We described and compared the tarsi of H. erato under light and scanning electron microscopy. Behavioral experiments showed that differences in the shape, number, and size of sensilla were related to feeding and oviposition behaviors. Two types of sensillum (chaeticum and trichodeum) were found in similar numbers and size on the mid- and hind tarsi of both sexes. Sensilla on the female foretarsi act in host-plant site selection, strongly affecting oviposition rates when isolated. Male foretarsi lack sensilla, which may have been selected against due to the absence of function and thus lost. Sensilla on the mid- and hind tarsi are involved in sugar detection in both sexes, responding to an effective dose of sucrose (ED50) near 0.01 M, and therefore might be used to identify food resources when the butterflies settle on flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biociências, Univ. Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Agronomia, Bloco IV, prédio 43435, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - E A Barp
- Univ. do Contestado, Rua Victor Sopelsa, 3000, Salete, Concórdia, SC, 89700-000, Brazil
| | - L C R Kucharski
- Depto. de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Univ. Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, Farroupilha, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - G R P Moreira
- Depto. de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Univ. Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Agronomia, Bloco IV, prédio 43435, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil.
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49
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Melnitsky SI, Ivanov VD, Valuyskiy MY, Zueva LV, Zhukovskaya MI. Comparison of sensory structures on the antenna of different species of Philopotamidae (Insecta: Trichoptera). Arthropod Struct Dev 2018; 47:45-55. [PMID: 29224983 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Structure and distribution of sensilla were studied in sixteen species of the caddisfly family Philopotamidae. Their antennae bear numerous curved trichoid and pseudoplacoid sensilla and fewer coronal, styloconic and chaetoid sensilla on the flagellar segments. The most numerous pseudoplacoid sensilla have non-specific localization. The curved trichoid sensilla form clusters ventrally on each antennal segment. Sensilla belonging to coronal, styloconic and chaetoid types have specific positions. Long grooved trichoid sensilla are located nonspecifically in all the studied species. The average number of sensilla per segment decreases from the proximal to distal part of the flagellum. Scapus and pedicellum are devoid of most types of sensilla, however, they bear the Böhm bristles and long trichoid sensilla. A positive correlation between antenna dimensions and its cuticular structures is found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav I Melnitsky
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034, Universitrtskaya 7/9, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir D Ivanov
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034, Universitrtskaya 7/9, St. Petersburg, Russia. v--
| | - Mikhail Yu Valuyskiy
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034, Universitrtskaya 7/9, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Lydia V Zueva
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, 194223, Torez Pr. 44, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Marianna I Zhukovskaya
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, 194223, Torez Pr. 44, St. Petersburg, Russia
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50
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Gnaspini P, Antunes-Carvalho C, Newton AF, Leschen RAB. Show me your tenent setae and I tell you who you are - Telling the story of a neglected character complex with phylogenetic signals using Leiodidae (Coleoptera) as a case study. Arthropod Struct Dev 2017; 46:662-685. [PMID: 28652106 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The tarsal setae in 97 species of Leiodidae and eight outgroups were examined using SEM imaging and dissections. Modified adhesive setae present in males are referred to as "male tenent setae" (MTS). In most cases, dilated tarsomeres were associated with MTS, which were always present on the protarsi and sometimes the mesotarsi. MTS are reported for the first time on the mesotarsi of Leptodirini and on the metatarsi in two genera of Sogdini. Contrary to reports in the literature, the reduction in the number of the MTS bearing mesotarsomeres is considered a derived condition. Both sexes of Leptinus (Platypsyllinae) have modified setae (referred to as tenent setae in the literature), probably related to their specialised association with mammals, and a patch of MTS was recognized for the first time among those modified setae among males. Four main types of MTS are recognised: (1) a plesiomorphic discoidal type that has a shaft with a round cross-section and maintains a similar diameter throughout its length until forming the expanded discoidal terminal plate; (2) a minidiscoidal type, similar to discoidal but with a relatively small terminal plate, found in Cholevinae; (3) a conical type, present in Leiodinae (excluding Estadiini) where the shaft increases in diameter until forming the terminal plate; and (4) a spatulate type, where an even wider terminal plate has a lateral projection, derived from the conical form and synapomorphic for the leiodine tribes Pseudoliodini, Scotocryptini, and possibly Agathidiini.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Gnaspini
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo (IBUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Caio Antunes-Carvalho
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo (IBUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Alfred F Newton
- Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History (FMNH), Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Richard A B Leschen
- Landcare Research, New Zealand Arthropod Collection (NZAC), Auckland, AK, New Zealand.
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