51
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Lebbink RJ, de Ruiter T, Kaptijn GJA, Meyaard L. Identification and characterization of the rat homologue of LAIR-1. Immunogenetics 2005; 57:344-51. [PMID: 15902436 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-005-0804-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2004] [Revised: 04/28/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor-1 (LAIR-1) is a cell-surface molecule that functions as an inhibitory receptor on various immune cells in both humans and mice. We have cloned a LAIR-1 homologue from the rat that we have named rat LAIR-1. The LAIR-1 gene maps to rat chromosome 1q12 in a region showing conserved synteny with human chromosome 19q13.4 and mouse chromosome 7, where the leukocyte receptor cluster is located. Rat LAIR-1 shows 40 and 71% protein sequence identity with human LAIR-1 and mouse LAIR-1, respectively, has a single Ig-like domain and contains two immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif-like sequences in its cytoplasmic tail. Soluble rat LAIR-1 fusion proteins bind to the same adherent cell lines as human LAIR-1 and mouse LAIR-1, indicating that a putative ligand for all the LAIR-1 molecules is expressed on these cells. Furthermore, we show that rat and mouse LAIR-1 bind the same molecule expressed on human HT29 cells. Since many autoimmune diseases are studied in rat models, identification of rat LAIR-1 allows for in vivo studies on the function of LAIR molecules in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Jan Lebbink
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Rm KC02.085.2, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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52
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Ouyang W, Xue J, Liu J, Jia W, Li Z, Xie X, Liu X, Jian J, Li Q, Zhu Y, Yang A, Jin B. Establishment of an ELISA system for determining soluble LAIR-1 levels in sera of patients with HFRS and kidney transplant. J Immunol Methods 2004; 292:109-17. [PMID: 15350516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2004.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2003] [Revised: 06/03/2004] [Accepted: 06/08/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
LAIR-1, the leukocyte-associated Ig-like receptor-1, is a trans-membrane molecule that functions as an inhibitory receptor on natural killer cells, T lymphocytes and monocytes. It has been well known that many trans-membrane receptors can shed from the cell surface and be released into the circulation in soluble form when lymphocytes, endothelials and other immune cells are activated. In many cases, the levels of soluble receptors in the circulation can be used as markers of lymphocyte activation in transplant patients and virus infection patients. To investigate whether LAIR-1 is able to be released into the sera, we developed a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system based on two anti-LAIR-1 monoclonal antibodies (MAb) with different epitope specificities. Using this ELISA, we found that sLAIR-1 existed in the supernatants collected from PMA, PHA or CD3 MAb-stimulated lymphocytes cultures in vitro for the first time. Moreover, we found that LAIR-1 level in serum samples from healthy individuals was 6.2 +/- 3.3 ng/ml, whereas the levels in sera of patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and patients 3-7 days after kidney transplant increased to 47.2 +/- 35.9 and 24.4 +/- 16.0 ng/ml, respectively. Furthermore, HFRS patients in oliguric phase showed higher serum sLAIR-1 levels than those in other phases, and transplant patients with rejection showed higher serum sLAIR-1 level than those without rejection. These findings demonstrated that LAIR-1 can be released when lymphocytes are activated, suggesting sLAIR-1 may be used as a predictor for monitoring immune reaction in some virus infections and organ transplants which may be useful in clinical treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Ouyang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang Le West Road 17, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China
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53
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Lebbink RJ, de Ruiter T, Verbrugge A, Bril WS, Meyaard L. The mouse homologue of the leukocyte-associated Ig-like receptor-1 is an inhibitory receptor that recruits Src homology region 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP)-2, but not SHP-1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 172:5535-43. [PMID: 15100296 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.9.5535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We report the molecular cloning and characterization of the first leukocyte-associated Ig-like receptor 1 (LAIR-1) homologue in mice that we have named mouse LAIR-1 (mLAIR-1). The mLAIR-1 gene maps to the proximal end of mouse chromosome 7 in a region syntenic with human chromosome 19q13.4 where the leukocyte receptor cluster is located. The protein shares 40% sequence identity with human LAIR-1, has a single Ig-like domain, and contains two immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif-like structures in its cytoplasmic tail. Mouse LAIR-1 is broadly expressed on various immune cells, and cross-linking of the molecule on stably transfected RBL-2H3 and YT.2C2 cells results in strong inhibition of their degranulation and cytotoxic activities, respectively. Upon pervanadate stimulation, the mLAIR-1 cytoplasmic tail becomes phosphorylated, thereby recruiting Src homology region 2-containing tyrosine phosphatase-2. Interestingly, unlike human LAIR-1, Src homology region 2-containing tyrosine phosphatase-1 is not recruited to the mLAIR-1 cytoplasmic tail. Screening human and mouse cell lines for mLAIR-1 and human LAIR-1 binding partners identified several lines expressing putative ligand(s) for both receptors.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Cell Line
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytoplasm/drug effects
- Cytoplasm/enzymology
- Cytoplasm/metabolism
- Down-Regulation/immunology
- HT29 Cells
- Humans
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Ligands
- Lymphoid Tissue/cytology
- Lymphoid Tissue/immunology
- Lymphoid Tissue/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Multigene Family/immunology
- Protein Binding
- Protein Phosphatase 1
- Protein Phosphatase 2
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Immunologic/chemistry
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/physiology
- SH2 Domain-Containing Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases
- Synteny
- Vanadates/pharmacology
- src Homology Domains/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Jan Lebbink
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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54
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Ouyang W, Ma D, Lin D, Sun Y, Liu X, Li Q, Jia W, Cao Y, Zhu Y, Jin B. 9.1C3 is identical to LAIR-1, which is expressed on hematopoietic progenitors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 310:1236-40. [PMID: 14559247 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.09.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The leukocyte-associated Ig-like receptor-1 (LAIR-1) is a negative regulator of natural killer (NK) cells, its encoding gene belonging to the leukocyte receptor complex (LRC). Antibody to LAIR-1 can inhibit Ab-induced redirected lysis and TNF-alpha release of effector cells. LAIR-1 contains 2 immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIM) in its cytoplasmic region that have been shown to bind constitutively and presumably regulate the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 in hematopoietic cells. SHP-1 mutation in mice results in abnormal lymphoproliferation, suggesting that LAIR-1 may also be implicated in regulating hematopoiesis. Here we investigated a monoclonal antibody, 9.1C3, against a NK cell antigen previously described as inducing increased colony formation in in vitro assays of human bone marrow cells. We found that 9.1C3 was expressed on CD34 positive hematopoietic progenitors for the first time. In functional assays, 9.1C3 MAb was able to inhibit Ab-induced redirected lysis and TNF-alpha secretion of NK cells. We proved that 9.1C3 is identical to LAIR-1, based on the fact that not only the antigen precipitated by 9.1C3 MAb was of 40kDa but also 9.1C3 MAb bound specifically to LAIR-1 cDNA transfected COS7 cells as well as recognized LAIR-1 fusion protein in ELISA. This finding provided the first evidence that LAIR-1 expresses on hematopoietic progenitor, implicating its role in the regulation of hematopoiesis at early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Ouyang
- Department of Immunlogy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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55
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Saverino D, Fabbi M, Merlo A, Ravera G, Grossi CE, Ciccone E. Surface density expression of the leukocyte-associated Ig-like receptor-1 is directly related to inhibition of human T-cell functions. Hum Immunol 2002; 63:534-46. [PMID: 12072189 DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(02)00409-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The relevance of inhibitory receptors that downregulate T-cell functions, such as CD152 (CTLA-4) and CD85j, have been extensively analyzed. This study will show that leukocyte-associated Ig-like receptor-1 (LAIR-1) acts as an inhibitory receptor for antigen-specific human effector T cells. To this end 28 CD8(+) and 22 CD4(+) T-cell clones were analyzed. LAIR-1 activity appears to be clonally distributed among T-cell clones and inhibition of T lymphocyte functions ranges from 4% to 49% in a redirected killing assay. This inhibitory function, although less efficient than that exerted by other inhibitory receptors expressed by T cells (i.e., CD152 and CD85j), downregulates the cytotoxic activity of CD8(+) T lymphocytes, both in a CD3-mediated and in an antigen-specific system. Furthermore, LAIR-1 inhibits the proliferative response of CD4(+) T lymphocytes to recall antigens and in CD3 stimulation. LAIR-1 also modulates cytokine production, downregulating IL-2 and IFN-gamma production. In contrast, LAIR-1 crosslinking induces secretion of transforming growth factor beta. This study will also demonstrate that a direct relationship exists between surface density expression of LAIR-1 molecules and their ability to modulate CD3-mediated activation of both CD8(+) and CD4(+) T-cell clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Saverino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Human Anatomy Section, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
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56
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Moretta L, Biassoni R, Bottino C, Mingari MC, Moretta A. Surface receptors that regulate the NK cell function: beyond the NK cell scope. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2002; 266:11-22. [PMID: 12014200 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-04700-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Moretta
- Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Italy
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57
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Zocchi MR, Pellegatta F, Pierri I, Gobbi M, Poggi A. Leukocyte-associated Ig-like receptor-1 prevents granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating factor-dependent proliferation and Akt1/PKB alpha activation in primary acute myeloid leukemia cells. Eur J Immunol 2001; 31:3667-75. [PMID: 11745387 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4141(200112)31:12<3667::aid-immu3667>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The leukocyte-associated Ig-like receptor-1 (LAIR-1), a surface leukocyte receptor containing two immune receptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) is expressed on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts isolated from peripheral blood or bone marrow of 17 patients (2 M0, 3 M1, 5 M2, 2 M4 and 5 M5 according to French, American and British classification). Further, we provide evidence thatLAIR-1 engagement inhibits granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-induced proliferation of AML blasts. Indeed, leukemia cells stimulated with GM-CSF were blocked in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle and underwent apoptosis within 4 days after the engagement of LAIR-1. Remarkably, LAIR-1 was functional also in AML blasts which do not express CD33, mainly M4 and M5. Importantly, the LAIR-1 ligation led to a strong inhibition of both GM-CSF receptor-mediated intracellular calcium increases, phosphorylation and activation of Akt1/protein kinase B alpha, a substrate of the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase. This last inhibitory effect was prevented by a synthetic peptide spanning the ITIM portion of LAIR-1, suggesting the involvement of SHP-1 phosphatase in LAIR-1-mediated inhibitory signal. Altogether, these findings indicate that the engagement of LAIR-1 can down-regulate GM-CSF-mediated survival and proliferation of AML blasts, suggesting an additional therapeutic approach to the treatment of AML patients.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD/physiology
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/physiology
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Enzyme Activation
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/pharmacology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
- Receptors, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/physiology
- Receptors, Immunologic/analysis
- Receptors, Immunologic/physiology
- Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 3
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Zocchi
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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58
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Meyaard L, van der Vuurst de Vries AR, de Ruiter T, Lanier LL, Phillips JH, Clevers H. The epithelial cellular adhesion molecule (Ep-CAM) is a ligand for the leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor (LAIR). J Exp Med 2001; 194:107-12. [PMID: 11435477 PMCID: PMC2193444 DOI: 10.1084/jem.194.1.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2001] [Accepted: 05/22/2001] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor (LAIR)-1 is expressed on many cells of the immune system and is predicted to mediate inhibitory functions based on the presence of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs) in its cytoplasmic domain. Although the role of LAIR-1 in the regulation of immune responses in vivo is unknown, LAIR-1 cross-linking by monoclonal antibody inhibits various immune cell functions in vitro. Here, we identify the colon carcinoma-associated epithelial cellular adhesion molecule (Ep-CAM) as a ligand for LAIR-1 and LAIR-2, a related soluble LAIR-1 family member. Ep-CAM interacts with the LAIR molecules through its first epidermal growth factor domain; Ep-CAM--specific antibodies can abrogate the binding. Intraepithelial T lymphocytes express LAIR-1 and thus may interact with Ep-CAM present on human intestinal epithelium. We propose that LAIR-1--Ep-CAM interaction may contribute to mucosal tolerance and that LAIR-2 possibly modulates this function.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Meyaard
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands.
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59
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Spaggiari GM, Carosio R, Pende D, Marcenaro S, Rivera P, Zocchi MR, Moretta L, Poggi A. NK cell-mediated lysis of autologous antigen-presenting cells is triggered by the engagement of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase upon ligation of the natural cytotoxicity receptors NKp30 and NKp46. Eur J Immunol 2001; 31:1656-65. [PMID: 11385609 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4141(200106)31:6<1656::aid-immu1656>3.0.co;2-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2)-activated polyclonal or clonal NK cells lysed autologous antigen presenting cells (APC) through the engagement of the natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCR) NKp30 and NKp46. NK cell-mediated cytolysis of APC correlated with the surface density of these NCR. Indeed, NK cell clones bearing low amounts of NKp30 and NKp46 did not lyse autologous APC, whereas NK cell clones with bright expression of these NCR efficiently killed autologous APC. Upon masking of NKp30 or NKp46 by specific monoclonal antibodies a strong reduction (by 50%) of APC lysis could be detected and the complete inhibition was achieved by the simultaneous masking of these NCR. Interestingly, NK cell-mediated APC lysis was impaired by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI-3 K) inhibitors LY294002 or wortmannin. Similarly, these drugs strongly reduced NK cell activation triggered by NKp30 or NKp46 in a re-directed killing assay as well as the activation of Akt/PKB, substrate of PI-3 K, induced by the engagement of these receptors. Altogether, these findings strongly suggest that NCR are responsible for the killing of autologous APC through the activation of PI-3 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Spaggiari
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Cancer Research Institute, Genova, Italy
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60
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Kammerer R, Stober D, Singer BB, Obrink B, Reimann J. Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Related Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 on Murine Dendritic Cells Is a Potent Regulator of T Cell Stimulation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2001; 166:6537-44. [PMID: 11359805 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.11.6537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are important APCs that play a key role in the induction of an immune response. The signaling molecules that govern early events in DC activation are not well understood. We therefore investigated whether DC express carcinoembryonic Ag-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1, also known as BGP or CD66a), a well-characterized signal-regulating cell-cell adhesion molecule that is expressed on granulocytes, monocytes, and activated T cells and B cells. We found that murine DC express in vitro as well as in vivo both major isoforms of CEACAM1, CEACAM1-L (having a long cytoplasmic domain with immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs) and CEACAM1-S (having a short cytoplasmic domain lacking phosphorylatable tyrosine residues). Ligation of surface-expressed CEACAM1 on DC with the specific mAb AgB10 triggered release of the chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha, macrophage inflammatory protein 2, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and induced migration of granulocytes, monocytes, T cells, and immature DC. Furthermore, the surface expression of the costimulatory molecules CD40, CD54, CD80, and CD86 was increased, indicating that CEACAM1-induced signaling regulates early maturation and activation of dendritic cells. In addition, signaling via CEACAM1 induced release of the cytokines IL-6, IL-12 p40, and IL-12 p70 and facilitated priming of naive MHC II-restricted CD4(+) T cells with a Th1-like effector phenotype. Hence, our results show that CEACAM1 is a signal-transducing receptor that can regulate early maturation and activation of DC, thereby facilitating priming and polarization of T cell responses.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antigens, CD/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, CD/physiology
- Antigens, Differentiation/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Differentiation/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation/physiology
- Bone Marrow Cells/immunology
- Bone Marrow Cells/metabolism
- Carcinoembryonic Antigen/biosynthesis
- Carcinoembryonic Antigen/physiology
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/biosynthesis
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/physiology
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cell Membrane/immunology
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Chemokines/metabolism
- Chemokines/physiology
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Female
- Granulocytes/immunology
- Interleukin-12/metabolism
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Ligands
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Monocytes/immunology
- Myeloid Cells/immunology
- Myeloid Cells/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kammerer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ulm, Helmholzstrasse 8/1, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
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61
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Poggi A, Pellegatta F, Leone BE, Moretta L, Zocchi MR. Engagement of the leukocyte-associated Ig-like receptor-1 induces programmed cell death and prevents NF-kappaB nuclear translocation in human myeloid leukemias. Eur J Immunol 2000; 30:2751-8. [PMID: 11069054 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4141(200010)30:10<2751::aid-immu2751>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Leukocyte-associated Ig-like receptor-1 (LAIR-1) is a surface molecule that functions as an inhibitory receptor on natural killer cells, T lymphocytes and monocytes. Here, we provide evidence that occupancy of LAIR-1 on human myelomonocytic leukemic cell lines inhibits proliferation and leads to programmed cell death (PCD), evaluated by propidium iodide staining and transmission electron microscopy. Interestingly, PCD elicited via LAIR-1 was not blocked by different caspase inhibitors, at variance with apoptosis induced via CD95/Fas, which was prevented by the caspase-1 and caspase-8 specific inhibitors. In addition, we show that the p65 subunit of the nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB), constitutively expressed in the nucleus of these cell lines, was retained in the cytoplasm upon engagement of LAIR-1. This was evident already 8 h after LAIR-1 occupancy, when apoptosis was not yet detectable by fluorometric or ultrastructural analysis. Moreover, a reduction in inhibitor kappaBalpha phosphorylation was observed after LAIR-1 engagement. As blocking of NF-kappaB activation has been shown to rescue sensitivity to anti-cancer drugs in solid tumors, we suggest that LAIR-1 may represent a possible target for pharmacological approaches aimed to potentiate anti-leukemic therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Active Transport, Cell Nucleus
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/physiology
- Caspase 1/physiology
- Caspase 3
- Caspase 8
- Caspase 9
- Caspase Inhibitors
- Caspases/physiology
- Cell Cycle/drug effects
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Drug Design
- Fas Ligand Protein
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/drug effects
- Humans
- I-kappa B Proteins
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute/pathology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/physiology
- NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Receptors, Immunologic/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Immunologic/immunology
- Receptors, Immunologic/physiology
- Signal Transduction
- Transcription Factor RelA
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/drug effects
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/metabolism
- U937 Cells/drug effects
- U937 Cells/metabolism
- fas Receptor/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- A Poggi
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute for Cancer Research, Genoa, Italy.
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62
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Fournier N, Chalus L, Durand I, Garcia E, Pin JJ, Churakova T, Patel S, Zlot C, Gorman D, Zurawski S, Abrams J, Bates EE, Garrone P. FDF03, a novel inhibitory receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily, is expressed by human dendritic and myeloid cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2000; 165:1197-209. [PMID: 10903717 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.3.1197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we describe human FDF03, a novel member of the Ig superfamily expressed as a monomeric 44-kDa transmembrane glycoprotein and containing a single extracellular V-set Ig-like domain. Two potential secreted isoforms were also identified. The gene encoding FDF03 mapped to chromosome 7q22. FDF03 was mostly detected in hemopoietic tissues and was expressed by monocytes, macrophages, and granulocytes, but not by lymphocytes (B, T, and NK cells), indicating an expression restricted to cells of the myelomonocytic lineage. FDF03 was also strongly expressed by monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC) and preferentially by CD14+/CD1a- DC derived from CD34+ progenitors. Moreover, flow cytometric analysis showed FDF03 expression by CD11c+ blood and tonsil DC, but not by CD11c- DC precursors. The FDF03 cytoplasmic tail contained two immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM)-like sequences. When overexpressed in pervanadate-treated U937 cells, FDF03 was tyrosine-phosphorylated and recruited Src homology-2 (SH2) domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP)-2 and to a lesser extent SHP-1. Like engagement of the ITIM-bearing receptor LAIR-1/p40, cross-linking of FDF03 inhibited calcium mobilization in response to CD32/FcgammaRII aggregation in transfected U937 cells, thus demonstrating that FDF03 can function as an inhibitory receptor. However, in contrast to LAIR-1/p40, cross-linking of FDF03 did not inhibit GM-CSF-induced monocyte differentiation into DC. Thus, FDF03 is a novel ITIM-bearing receptor selectively expressed by cells of myeloid origin, including DC, that may regulate functions other than that of the broadly distributed LAIR-1/p40 molecule.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Alternative Splicing
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Calcium Signaling/immunology
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Complementary/isolation & purification
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Granulocytes/immunology
- Granulocytes/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunoglobulins/chemistry
- Immunoglobulins/genetics
- Integrin alphaXbeta2/biosynthesis
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Lipopolysaccharide Receptors/biosynthesis
- Membrane Glycoproteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Monocytes/cytology
- Monocytes/immunology
- Monocytes/metabolism
- Multigene Family/immunology
- Organ Specificity/genetics
- Organ Specificity/immunology
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Receptors, IgG/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, IgG/physiology
- Receptors, Immunologic/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/immunology
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- SH2 Domain-Containing Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Solubility
- U937 Cells
- src Homology Domains/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- N Fournier
- Laboratory for Immunological Research, Schering-Plough, Dardilly, France; DNAX Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
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63
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Dong X, An B, Salvucci Kierstead L, Storkus WJ, Amoscato AA, Salter RD. Modification of the amino terminus of a class II epitope confers resistance to degradation by CD13 on dendritic cells and enhances presentation to T cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2000; 164:129-35. [PMID: 10605003 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.164.1.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells and human B cell lines were compared for ability to present synthetic peptides corresponding to residues 145-159 and 188-203 of human Ig kappa-chains to peptide-specific mouse T cell hybridomas restricted by HLA-DR4Dw4. B cell lines presented both peptides, but dendritic cells could only efficiently present the latter epitope. In this paper, we show that dendritic cells degrade the 145-159 peptide, removing four residues from the amino terminus. Binding of the peptide to the class II restriction element is not required for this process. The degradation product is resistant to further cleavage, accumulates in the culture supernatant, and does not bind to HLA-DR4Dw4 or stimulate T cell reactivity. Cleavage can be blocked with bestatin, but not with other protease inhibitors tested, or by a mAb directed against aminopeptidase N (CD13). Addition of an acetyl group to the amino terminus of peptide 145-159 also blocks degradation, and allows dendritic cells to present the peptide to specific T cells with greatly increased efficiency. These results demonstrate that CD13 on dendritic cells is able to selectively and efficiently degrade exogenously provided peptide Ags, in a process that can be blocked by addition of an acetyl group to the amino terminus of the peptide. Modification of the amino terminus of peptide epitopes susceptible to degradation may prove to be useful as a general strategy for enhancing their immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Dong
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA 15213, USA
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64
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van der Vuurst de Vries AR, Clevers H, Logtenberg T, Meyaard L. Leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor-1 (LAIR-1) is differentially expressed during human B cell differentiation and inhibits B cell receptor-mediated signaling. Eur J Immunol 1999; 29:3160-7. [PMID: 10540327 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4141(199910)29:10<3160::aid-immu3160>3.0.co;2-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Leukocyte-associated Ig-like receptor-1 (LAIR-1) belongs to the growing family of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif-bearing receptors and is expressed on the majority of peripheral mononuclear cells, including NK cells, T cells, B cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells. In this study, we investigated the distribution and the capacity of LAIR-1 to function as an inhibitory receptor on human B cells. LAIR-1 is expressed from early on during B cell differentiation, but is absent on approximately half of the memory B cells, and all germinal center B cells, plasmablasts, and terminally differentiated plasma cells. In vitro stimulation of naive B cells via the B cell receptor (BCR) or CD40, triggering proliferation and differentiation into Ig-producing plasma cells, is accompanied by loss of LAIR-1 expression. We previously reported that LAIR-1 can function as an inhibitory receptor on NK cells and T cells. Here, we demonstrate that it can also function as a negative regulator of BCR-mediated signaling, since simultaneous cross-linking of LAIR-1 and the BCR reduces the increase of intracellular Ca(2+) evoked by BCR ligation. Taken together, this suggests that the inhibitory mechanism of LAIR-1 is functional in multiple components of the hematopoietic system.
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Meyaard L. LAIR-1, a widely distributed human ITIM-bearing receptor on hematopoietic cells. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1999; 244:151-7. [PMID: 10453657 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-58537-1_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Meyaard
- University Hospital Utrecht, Dept. of Immunology, The Netherlands
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66
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Bates EEM, Fournier N, Garcia E, Valladeau J, Durand I, Pin JJ, Zurawski SM, Patel S, Abrams JS, Lebecque S, Garrone P, Saeland S. APCs Express DCIR, a Novel C-Type Lectin Surface Receptor Containing an Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-Based Inhibitory Motif. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.163.4.1973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
We have identified a novel member of the calcium-dependent (C-type) lectin family. This molecule, designated DCIR (for dendritic cell (DC) immunoreceptor), is a type II membrane glycoprotein of 237 aa with a single carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD), closest in homology to those of the macrophage lectin and hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptors. The intracellular domain of DCIR contains a consensus immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif. A mouse cDNA, encoding a homologous protein has been identified. Northern blot analysis showed DCIR mRNA to be predominantly transcribed in hematopoietic tissues. The gene encoding human DCIR was localized to chromosome 12p13, in a region close to the NK gene complex. Unlike members of this complex, DCIR displays a typical lectin CRD rather than an NK cell type extracellular domain, and was expressed on DC, monocytes, macrophages, B lymphocytes, and granulocytes, but not detected on NK and T cells. DCIR was strongly expressed by DC derived from blood monocytes cultured with GM-CSF and IL-4. DCIR was mostly expressed by monocyte-related rather than Langerhans cell related DC obtained from CD34+ progenitor cells. Finally, DCIR expression was down-regulated by signals inducing DC maturation such as CD40 ligand, LPS, or TNF-α. Thus, DCIR is differentially expressed on DC depending on their origin and stage of maturation/activation. DCIR represents a novel surface molecule expressed by Ag presenting cells, and of potential importance in regulation of DC function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathalie Fournier
- *Laboratory for Immunological Research, Schering-Plough, Dardilly, France; and
| | - Eric Garcia
- *Laboratory for Immunological Research, Schering-Plough, Dardilly, France; and
| | - Jenny Valladeau
- *Laboratory for Immunological Research, Schering-Plough, Dardilly, France; and
| | - Isabelle Durand
- *Laboratory for Immunological Research, Schering-Plough, Dardilly, France; and
| | - Jean-Jacques Pin
- *Laboratory for Immunological Research, Schering-Plough, Dardilly, France; and
| | | | - Sejal Patel
- †DNAX, Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | | | - Serge Lebecque
- *Laboratory for Immunological Research, Schering-Plough, Dardilly, France; and
| | - Pierre Garrone
- *Laboratory for Immunological Research, Schering-Plough, Dardilly, France; and
| | - Sem Saeland
- *Laboratory for Immunological Research, Schering-Plough, Dardilly, France; and
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67
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Ponte M, Cantoni C, Biassoni R, Tradori-Cappai A, Bentivoglio G, Vitale C, Bertone S, Moretta A, Moretta L, Mingari MC. Inhibitory receptors sensing HLA-G1 molecules in pregnancy: decidua-associated natural killer cells express LIR-1 and CD94/NKG2A and acquire p49, an HLA-G1-specific receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96:5674-9. [PMID: 10318943 PMCID: PMC21919 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.10.5674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Trophoblastic cells lack classical HLA class I and class II molecules but express HLA-G1. Although this may prevent allorecognition by maternal T cells, it renders trophoblastic cells potentially susceptible to lysis by natural killer (NK) cells. As shown here, only a fraction of peripheral-blood NK cells in pregnant women express the HLA-G1-specific CD94/NKG2A and/or LIR-1 receptors. However, all NK cells isolated from maternal decidua during the first trimester expressed either one or both of these receptors. Perhaps more importantly, a fraction of cells expressed p49, an HLA-G1-specific inhibitory receptor, undetectable in peripheral-blood NK cells. p49 was expressed on virtually all NK cells isolated from placenta at term. Functional analyses revealed that the HLA class I-negative 221 lymphoblastoid cell line transfected with HLA-G1 was only partially protected from lysis by peripheral-blood NK cells isolated from pregnant women, whereas it was fully protected from decidual NK cells. As indicated by the addition of specific antibodies to cytolytic tests, all the above receptors contributed to HLA-G1 recognition by decidual NK cells, although p49 would appear to play a predominant role.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ponte
- Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro e Centro Biotecnologie Avanzate, Genova
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68
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Cosman D, Fanger N, Borges L. Human cytomegalovirus, MHC class I and inhibitory signalling receptors: more questions than answers. Immunol Rev 1999; 168:177-85. [PMID: 10399074 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1999.tb01292.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The human cytomegalovirus UL18 protein, an MHC class I homologue, has been shown to bind to leucocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor (LIR)-1, a member of a family of nine closely related immunoglobulin superfamily receptors expressed on leucocytes. The LIRs are related to the natural killer (NK)-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors and to several other immunoreceptors. Three groups of LIR molecules have been defined: those containing cytoplasmic domain inhibitory signalling motifs, those with short cytoplasmic domains and a charged residue within the transmembrane domain, and a secreted molecule. LIR-1 and LIR-2 bind to a broad spectrum of cellular MHC class I antigens, including HLA-A, -B and -C alleles. LIR-2 is expressed by all monocytes and dendritic cells, whereas LIR-1 is additionally expressed by B cells and subsets of T and NK cells. Upon tyrosine phosphorylation, LIR-1 and LIR-2 associate with the tyrosine phosphatase, SHP-1, and have been shown to inhibit Fc gamma RI signalling when co-crosslinked in monocytes. Evidence for and against a role of UL18 as an inhibitor of NK-cell function is discussed, as are possible functional outcomes of UL18-LIR-1 interactions in monocytic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cosman
- Immunex Corporation, Seattle, Washington 98110, USA.
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