51
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Glunz PW. Recent encounters with atropisomerism in drug discovery. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:53-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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52
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Balgobin SMC, Brookes DJ, Jiang J, Pritchard RG, Wallace TW. Axial stereocontrol in tropos dibenz[c,e]azepines: the individual and cooperative effects of alkyl substituents. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:10184-10199. [PMID: 29177299 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02385e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
6,7-Dihydro-5H-dibenz[c,e]azepines, a class of secondary amine incorporating a centre-axis chirality relay, can be prepared from N-(2-bromobenzyl)-N-(1-arylalkyl)methanesulfonamides via Pd-catalysed intramolecular direct arylation, and methylated at C(7) via the 5,7-trans diastereoselective addition of methylmagnesium bromide to the derived N-benzylazepinium tetraphenylborate. Using these methods, the 4,5-dimethylated and 4,5,7-trimethylated homologues 13 and 14 were obtained and shown by 1H NMR spectroscopy to be axially biased in opposite senses, as defined by the respective pseudoaxial or pseudoequatorial orientation of the 5-substituent in the preferred conformers, while retaining their tropos nature (the Arrhenius activation energy, EA, for the conformational exchange process in 14 was estimated to be 57 kJ mol-1 using 2D-EXSY NMR spectroscopy at 233-248 K). These results serve to illustrate how substituent effects might be exploited in new designs of bridged biaryl ligand in which tropos dynamics operate in combination with a pre-existing axial stereochemical bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinead M C Balgobin
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
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53
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Engwerda AJ, van Schayik P, Jagtenberg H, Meekes H, Rutjes FPJT, Vlieg E. Solid Phase Deracemization of an Atropisomer. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2017; 17:5583-5585. [PMID: 29018306 PMCID: PMC5629555 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.7b01180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The scope of Viedma ripening and temperature cycling with respect to chiral molecules has remained mostly limited to molecules with a single stereogenic center, while racemization proceeds through inversion at that particular stereocenter. In this article we demonstrate for the first time that atropisomers, chiral rotamers that possess an axis of chirality, can be successfully deracemized in the solid phase by either applying temperature cycling or Viedma ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthonius
H. J. Engwerda
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Pim van Schayik
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Henjo Jagtenberg
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo Meekes
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Floris P. J. T. Rutjes
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Elias Vlieg
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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54
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Belot V, Farran D, Jean M, Albalat M, Vanthuyne N, Roussel C. Steric Scale of Common Substituents from Rotational Barriers of N-(o-Substituted aryl)thiazoline-2-thione Atropisomers. J Org Chem 2017; 82:10188-10200. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Belot
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille,
iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Farran
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille,
iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Marion Jean
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille,
iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Muriel Albalat
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille,
iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille,
iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Christian Roussel
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille,
iSm2, Marseille, France
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55
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Hasegawa F, Kawamura K, Tsuchikawa H, Murata M. Stable C-N axial chirality in 1-aryluracil scaffold and differences in in vitro metabolic clearance between atropisomers of PDE4 inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:4506-4511. [PMID: 28698053 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We report herein the stable C-N axial chirality in a 1-phenyl-6-aminouracil scaffold owing to the presence of various functional groups at the ortho-position of the N(1)-phenyl group. Racemic 1-phenyl-6-aminouracils were first separated by chiral HPLC or converting them to the corresponding diastereomers using a chiral resolving agent. We then determined the rotational barrier of each atropisomer by a thermal racemization method and found that these compounds have rotational barriers similar to other C-N axially chiral biaryls. In addition, there was a good correlation between the rotational barriers and van der Waals radii of an ortho-substituent of the N(1)-phenyl group. To explore the possibility of the chiral 1-phenyl-6-aminouracil scaffold as a drug lead, we synthesized both atropisomers as phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors 10. The atropisomers showed significantly different metabolic stabilities while their PDE4 inhibitory activities were somewhat similar. This finding demonstrates the potential utility of stable C-N bond atropisomers in the development of chiral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Futoshi Hasegawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kazushi Kawamura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsuchikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Michio Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
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56
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Lodola A, Bertolini S, Biagetti M, Capacchi S, Facchinetti F, Gallo PM, Pappani A, Mor M, Pala D, Rivara S, Visentini F, Corsi M, Capelli AM. Atropisomerism and Conformational Equilibria: Impact on PI3Kδ Inhibition of 2-((6-Amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-5-methyl-3-(o-tolyl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one (IC87114) and Its Conformationally Restricted Analogs. J Med Chem 2017; 60:4304-4315. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Lodola
- Dipartimento
di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Viale delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Serena Bertolini
- Chemistry
Research and Drug Design Department, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Largo F. Belloli 11/A, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Matteo Biagetti
- Chemistry
Research and Drug Design Department, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Largo F. Belloli 11/A, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Capacchi
- Chemistry
Research and Drug Design Department, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Largo F. Belloli 11/A, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Facchinetti
- Chemistry
Research and Drug Design Department, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Largo F. Belloli 11/A, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Paola Maria Gallo
- Chemistry
Research and Drug Design Department, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Largo F. Belloli 11/A, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Alice Pappani
- Chemistry
Research and Drug Design Department, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Largo F. Belloli 11/A, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Mor
- Dipartimento
di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Viale delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Daniele Pala
- Dipartimento
di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Viale delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Rivara
- Dipartimento
di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Viale delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Corsi
- Aptuit s.r.l., Via Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Capelli
- Chemistry
Research and Drug Design Department, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Largo F. Belloli 11/A, 43122 Parma, Italy
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57
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Dai J, Wang C, Traeger SC, Discenza L, Obermeier MT, Tymiak AA, Zhang Y. The role of chromatographic and chiroptical spectroscopic techniques and methodologies in support of drug discovery for atropisomeric drug inhibitors of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1487:116-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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58
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Peluso P, Mamane V, Aubert E, Cossu S. Recent trends and applications in liquid-phase chromatography enantioseparation of atropisomers. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:1830-1850. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Peluso
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare ICB CNR - Sede Secondaria di Sassari; Sassari Italy
| | - Victor Mamane
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg; UMR CNRS; Strasbourg Cedex France
| | - Emmanuel Aubert
- Cristallographie, Résonance Magnétique et Modélisations (CRM ), UMR CNRS; Université de Lorraine; Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy France
| | - Sergio Cossu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi; Università Ca’ Foscari di Venezia; Mestre Venezia Italy
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59
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D'Amato A, Schettini R, Della Sala G, Costabile C, Tedesco C, Izzo I, De Riccardis F. Conformational isomerism in cyclic peptoids and its specification. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:9932-9942. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02643a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Conformational chirality is an emerging and neglected property of rigid cyclic peptoids determining structural, catalytic, and biological properties. The present contribution analyzes its impact and sets the configurational rules to define it.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. D'Amato
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano
- Italy
| | - R. Schettini
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano
- Italy
| | - G. Della Sala
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano
- Italy
| | - C. Costabile
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano
- Italy
| | - C. Tedesco
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano
- Italy
| | - I. Izzo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano
- Italy
| | - F. De Riccardis
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano
- Italy
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60
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Bonne D, Rodriguez J. Enantioselective syntheses of atropisomers featuring a five-membered ring. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:12385-12393. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc06863h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
If six-membered ring biaryl or heterobiaryl atropisomers are the most common ones, the focus of this feature article will be put on the enantioselective approaches towards five-membered ring containing atropisomers displaying either a stereogenic C–N- or C–C bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Bonne
- Aix Marseille Univ
- CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2
- Marseille
- France
| | - Jean Rodriguez
- Aix Marseille Univ
- CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2
- Marseille
- France
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61
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Szawkało J, Błachut D, Roszkowski P, Pomarański P, Maurin JK, Budzianowski A, Czarnocki Z. New stable atropisomers derived from 2,4,6-collidine and related compounds. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.08.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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62
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Substituent effects on axial chirality in 1-aryl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolines: controlling the rate of bond rotation. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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63
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Pfaffenbach M, Roller A, Gaich T. Synthesis of Indolophanes by Photochemical Macrocyclization. Chemistry 2016; 22:8444-7. [PMID: 27037758 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthetically practical, short, and general access to novel indolophane architectures by means of a photochemical C-H activation process-the Witkop cyclization. These highly strained scaffolds were obtained by photoinduced ring closure and feature atropisomerism as well as aromatic ring current effects, which both have been investigated. The prevailing regioselectivity of theWitkop cyclization reaction was completely reversed by the presence of a quaternary carbon center, exerting a strong Thorpe-Ingold effect on the system for which experimental-evidence is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Pfaffenbach
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstr. 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Alexander Roller
- Center for X-ray Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tanja Gaich
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstr. 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.
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64
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Ramig K, Subramaniam G, Karimi S, Szalda DJ, Ko A, Lam A, Li J, Coaderaj A, Cavdar L, Bogdan L, Kwon K, Greer EM. Interplay of Nitrogen-Atom Inversion and Conformational Inversion in Enantiomerization of 1H-1-Benzazepines. J Org Chem 2016; 81:3313-20. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keith Ramig
- Department
of Natural Sciences, Baruch College of the City University of New York, 17 Lexington Avenue, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Gopal Subramaniam
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College of the City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Boulevard, Flushing, New York 11367, United States
| | - Sasan Karimi
- Department
of Chemistry, Queensborough Community College of the City University of New York, 222-05 56th Avenue, Bayside, New York 11364, United States
| | - David J. Szalda
- Department
of Natural Sciences, Baruch College of the City University of New York, 17 Lexington Avenue, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Allen Ko
- Department
of Natural Sciences, Baruch College of the City University of New York, 17 Lexington Avenue, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Aaron Lam
- Department
of Natural Sciences, Baruch College of the City University of New York, 17 Lexington Avenue, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Jeffrey Li
- Department
of Natural Sciences, Baruch College of the City University of New York, 17 Lexington Avenue, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Ani Coaderaj
- Department
of Natural Sciences, Baruch College of the City University of New York, 17 Lexington Avenue, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Leyla Cavdar
- Department
of Natural Sciences, Baruch College of the City University of New York, 17 Lexington Avenue, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Lukasz Bogdan
- Department
of Natural Sciences, Baruch College of the City University of New York, 17 Lexington Avenue, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Kitae Kwon
- Department
of Natural Sciences, Baruch College of the City University of New York, 17 Lexington Avenue, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Edyta M. Greer
- Department
of Natural Sciences, Baruch College of the City University of New York, 17 Lexington Avenue, New York, New York 10010, United States
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65
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Elleraas J, Ewanicki J, Johnson TW, Sach NW, Collins MR, Richardson PF. Conformational Studies and Atropisomerism Kinetics of the ALK Clinical Candidate Lorlatinib (PF-06463922) and Desmethyl Congeners. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:3590-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201509240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Elleraas
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry; Pfizer, La Jolla; 10770 Science Center Drive San Diego CA 92121 USA
| | - Jason Ewanicki
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry; Pfizer, La Jolla; 10770 Science Center Drive San Diego CA 92121 USA
| | - Ted W. Johnson
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry; Pfizer, La Jolla; 10770 Science Center Drive San Diego CA 92121 USA
| | - Neal W. Sach
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry; Pfizer, La Jolla; 10770 Science Center Drive San Diego CA 92121 USA
| | - Michael R. Collins
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry; Pfizer, La Jolla; 10770 Science Center Drive San Diego CA 92121 USA
| | - Paul F. Richardson
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry; Pfizer, La Jolla; 10770 Science Center Drive San Diego CA 92121 USA
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66
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Elleraas J, Ewanicki J, Johnson TW, Sach NW, Collins MR, Richardson PF. Conformational Studies and Atropisomerism Kinetics of the ALK Clinical Candidate Lorlatinib (PF-06463922) and Desmethyl Congeners. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201509240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Elleraas
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry; Pfizer, La Jolla; 10770 Science Center Drive San Diego CA 92121 USA
| | - Jason Ewanicki
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry; Pfizer, La Jolla; 10770 Science Center Drive San Diego CA 92121 USA
| | - Ted W. Johnson
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry; Pfizer, La Jolla; 10770 Science Center Drive San Diego CA 92121 USA
| | - Neal W. Sach
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry; Pfizer, La Jolla; 10770 Science Center Drive San Diego CA 92121 USA
| | - Michael R. Collins
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry; Pfizer, La Jolla; 10770 Science Center Drive San Diego CA 92121 USA
| | - Paul F. Richardson
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry; Pfizer, La Jolla; 10770 Science Center Drive San Diego CA 92121 USA
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67
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Kumarasamy E, Raghunathan R, Sibi MP, Sivaguru J. Nonbiaryl and Heterobiaryl Atropisomers: Molecular Templates with Promise for Atropselective Chemical Transformations. Chem Rev 2015; 115:11239-300. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elango Kumarasamy
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Ramya Raghunathan
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Mukund P. Sibi
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - J. Sivaguru
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
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68
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Megson D, Focant JF, Patterson DG, Robson M, Lohan MC, Worsfold PJ, Comber S, Kalin R, Reiner E, O'Sullivan G. Can polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) signatures and enantiomer fractions be used for source identification and to age date occupational exposure? ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 81:56-63. [PMID: 25916940 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Detailed polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) signatures and chiral Enantiomer Fractions (EFs) of CB-95, CB-136 and CB-149 were measured for 30 workers at a transformer dismantling plant. This was undertaken to identify sources of exposure and investigate changes to the PCB signature and EFs over different exposure periods. Approximately 1.5 g of serum was extracted and PCB signatures were created through analysis by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS) and EFs calculated following analysis by gas chromatography with high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS). A total of 84 PCBs were identified in the serum samples with concentrations of the 7 indicator PCBs ranging from 11-350 ng g(-1) of serum (1.2-39 μg g(-1) lipid). The PCB signatures were interpreted using principal component analysis (PCA) which was able to distinguish workers with background or recent minimal exposure from those with prolonged occupational exposure. Occupationally exposed individuals had a similar PCB profile to Aroclor A1260. However, individuals with prolonged exposure had depleted proportions of several PCB congeners that are susceptible to metabolism (CB-95, CB-101 and CB-151) and elevated proportions of PCBs that are resistant to metabolism (CB-74, CB-153, CB-138 and CB-180). The results also identified a third group of workers with elevated proportions of CB-28, CB-60, CB-66, CB-74, CB-105 and CB-118 who appeared to have been exposed to an additional source of PCBs. The results show near complete removal of the CB-95 E2 enantiomer in some samples, indicating that bioselective metabolism or preferential excretion of one enantiomer occurs in humans. By considering PCB concentrations along with detailed congener specific signatures it was possible to identify different exposure sources, and gain an insight into both the magnitude and duration of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Megson
- Biogeochemistry Research Centre, SoGEES, Plymouth University, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Jean-Françios Focant
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, Allèe de la Chimie, Liège, Belgium
| | - Donald G Patterson
- Exponent Inc., One Capital City Plaza, Suite 1620, 3350 Peachtree Road, Atlanta, GA 30326, USA
| | - Matthew Robson
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Ave, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, 125 Resources Road, Toronto, Ontario M9P 3V6, Canada
| | - Maeve C Lohan
- Biogeochemistry Research Centre, SoGEES, Plymouth University, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Paul J Worsfold
- Biogeochemistry Research Centre, SoGEES, Plymouth University, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Sean Comber
- Biogeochemistry Research Centre, SoGEES, Plymouth University, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Robert Kalin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK
| | - Eric Reiner
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, 125 Resources Road, Toronto, Ontario M9P 3V6, Canada
| | - Gwen O'Sullivan
- Department of Environmental Science, Mount Royal University, 4825 Mount Royal Gate SW, Calgary, Alberta T3E 6K6, Canada
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70
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Yan TQ, Riley F, Philippe L, Davoren J, Cox L, Orozco C, Rai B, Hardink M. Chromatographic resolution of atropisomers for toxicity and biotransformation studies in pharmaceutical research. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1398:108-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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71
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Dai Z, Chauhan S, Green TK. Synthesis and enantioseparation of atropisomers of serotonin dimer. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.04.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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72
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Nikitin K, Muldoon J, Müller-Bunz H, McGlinchey MJ. A Ferrocenyl Kaleidoscope: Slow Interconversion of Six Diastereo-atropisomers of 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-9,10-diferrocenyltriptycene. Chemistry 2015; 21:4664-70. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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73
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Chiu M, Tchitchanov BH, Zimmerli D, Sanhueza IA, Schoenebeck F, Trapp N, Schweizer WB, Diederich F. Strain‐Accelerated Formation of Chiral, Optically Active Buta‐1,3‐dienes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:349-54. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Chiu
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zurich, Vladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 3, 8093 Zurich (Switzerland)
| | - Boris H. Tchitchanov
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zurich, Vladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 3, 8093 Zurich (Switzerland)
| | - Daniel Zimmerli
- Discovery Technologies, Bldg 92/5.64C, F. Hoffmann‐La Roche Ltd. 4070 Basel (Switzerland)
| | - Italo A. Sanhueza
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zurich, Vladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 3, 8093 Zurich (Switzerland)
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen (Germany)
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen (Germany)
| | - Nils Trapp
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zurich, Vladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 3, 8093 Zurich (Switzerland)
| | - W. Bernd Schweizer
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zurich, Vladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 3, 8093 Zurich (Switzerland)
| | - François Diederich
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zurich, Vladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 3, 8093 Zurich (Switzerland)
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Chiu M, Tchitchanov BH, Zimmerli D, Sanhueza IA, Schoenebeck F, Trapp N, Schweizer WB, Diederich F. Spannungsvermittelte Bildung chiraler, optisch aktiver Buta‐1,3‐diene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201409289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Chiu
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 3, 8093 Zürich (Schweiz)
| | - Boris H. Tchitchanov
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 3, 8093 Zürich (Schweiz)
| | - Daniel Zimmerli
- Discovery Technologies, Bldg 92/5.64C, F. Hoffmann‐La Roche Ltd. 4070 Basel (Schweiz)
| | - Italo A. Sanhueza
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 3, 8093 Zürich (Schweiz)
- Institut für Organische Chemie, RWTH Aachen, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen (Deutschland)
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institut für Organische Chemie, RWTH Aachen, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen (Deutschland)
| | - Nils Trapp
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 3, 8093 Zürich (Schweiz)
| | - W. Bernd Schweizer
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 3, 8093 Zürich (Schweiz)
| | - François Diederich
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 3, 8093 Zürich (Schweiz)
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Chen J, Ferreira AJ, Beaudry CM. Synthesis of Bis(indole) Alkaloids fromArundo donax:The Ynindole Diels-Alder Reaction, Conformational Chirality, and Absolute Stereochemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:11931-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201407336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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77
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Chen J, Ferreira AJ, Beaudry CM. Synthesis of Bis(indole) Alkaloids fromArundo donax:The Ynindole Diels-Alder Reaction, Conformational Chirality, and Absolute Stereochemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201407336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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78
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Regioselective alkylation reactions of 2,4-diphenyl-3H-1-benzazepine give either 3-alkyl-3H-1-benzazepines or 1-alkyl-1H-1-benzazepines. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.05.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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79
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Nikitin K, Müller-Bunz H, Muldoon J. Evaluation of weak interactions in [2]pseudorotaxanes. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:139-50. [PMID: 24399801 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Viologens readily thread bis-p-phenylene crown ethers to form [2]pseudorotaxanes. However, the binding of sterically hindered 3,3'-dimethylviologens is very weak. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicated that the additional energy cost of "flattening" is substantial, 55 kJ mol(-1), and prevents the formation of a stable host-guest complex. The structures of [2]pseudorotaxanes determined by X-ray crystallography are in good agreement with the NMR characterisation and DFT results. Their association constants and thermodynamic parameters in solution were measured by using a dilution method and, for the first time, by host-guest nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) correlations. The NOE approach was subsequently applied to study the sterically hindered analogues and it was shown that the binding in 3,3'-dimethyl-N,N-dibenzyl [2]pseudorotaxane is by 8.5 kJ mol(-1) weaker than in its regular analogue. The proposed technique helps to quantify weak interactions in [2]pseudorotaxanes and can be applied to other host-guest complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Nikitin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 (Ireland), Fax: (+353) 01 7162127.
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80
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Aparicio F, Nieto-Ortega B, Nájera F, Ramírez FJ, López Navarrete JT, Casado J, Sánchez L. Inversion of Supramolecular Helicity in Oligo-p-phenylene-Based Supramolecular Polymers: Influence of Molecular Atropisomerism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 53:1373-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201309172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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81
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Aparicio F, Nieto-Ortega B, Nájera F, Ramírez FJ, López Navarrete JT, Casado J, Sánchez L. Inversion of Supramolecular Helicity in Oligo-p-phenylene-Based Supramolecular Polymers: Influence of Molecular Atropisomerism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201309172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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82
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Roszkowski P, Błachut D, Maurin JK, Woźnica M, Frelek J, Pluciński F, Czarnocki Z. Atropisomerism in 3,4,5-Tri-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2,6-lutidine. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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83
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Jumde VR, Iuliano A. Bile Acid DerivedTropos VaultedBinaphthylphosphites: Synthesis, Stereochemical Characterization and Complexation to Rhodium. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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84
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Haberhauer G, Tepper C, Wölper C, Bläser D. Tropos, Nevertheless Conformationally Stable Biphenyl Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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85
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Wierig A, Seichter W, Thondorf I, Weber E. Crystalline inclusion compounds of a new diol host featuring a combination of anthracene and 9-fluorenol units. Supramol Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2012.701301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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86
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Chausset-Boissarie L, Àrvai R, Cumming GR, Guénée L, Kündig EP. Asymmetric synthesis of (+)-vertine and (+)-lythrine. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:6473-9. [PMID: 22763639 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25880c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The total syntheses of the Lythracea alkaloids (+)-vertine and (+)-lythrine are described. Enantioenriched pelletierine is used as a chiral building block and engaged into a two step pelletierine condensation leading to two quinolizidin-2-one diastereomers in a 8 : 1 ratio. The major product is used in the synthesis of (+)-vertine via aryl-aryl coupling and ring closing metathesis to provide a Z-alkene α to the lactone carbonyl function. The same procedure was used for (+)-lythrine after base induced epimerization of the main quinolizidin-2-one diastereomer. Alternative classical ring closure strategies like macrolactonisation or aryl-aryl coupling failed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laëtitia Chausset-Boissarie
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30, quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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87
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Chen JJ, Onogi S, Hsieh YC, Hsiao CC, Higashibayashi S, Sakurai H, Wu YT. Palladium-Catalyzed Arylation of Methylene-Bridged Polyarenes: Synthesis and Structures of 9-Arylfluorene Derivatives. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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88
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Ottersbach PA, Schnakenburg G, Gütschow M. Induction of chirality: experimental evidence of atropisomerism in azapeptides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:5772-4. [PMID: 22552375 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc31161e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Methylation of the peptide bond in model azadipeptides leads to the E configuration and hence to atropisomerism due to a restricted rotation around the N-N axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp A Ottersbach
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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89
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Novel hybrid molecules based on 15-membered azalide as potential antimalarial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 49:365-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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90
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Labby KJ, Xue F, Kraus JM, Ji H, Mataka J, Li H, Martásek P, Roman LJ, Poulos TL, Silverman RB. Intramolecular hydrogen bonding: a potential strategy for more bioavailable inhibitors of neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:2435-43. [PMID: 22370337 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Selective neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitors have therapeutic applications in the treatment of numerous neurodegenerative diseases. Here we report the synthesis and evaluation of a series of inhibitors designed to have increased cell membrane permeability via intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Their potencies were examined in both purified enzyme and cell-based assays; a comparison of these results demonstrates that two of the new inhibitors display significantly increased membrane permeability over previous analogs. NMR spectroscopy provides evidence of intramolecular hydrogen bonding under physiological conditions in two of the inhibitors. Crystal structures of the inhibitors in the nNOS active site confirm the predicted non-intramolecular hydrogen bonded binding mode. Intramolecular hydrogen bonding may be an effective approach for increasing cell membrane permeability without affecting target protein binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Jansen Labby
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA
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91
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Alkorta I, Elguero J, Roussel C, Vanthuyne N, Piras P. Atropisomerism and Axial Chirality in Heteroaromatic Compounds. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-396530-1.00001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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92
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Mindrila G, Mandravel C, Dobrica I, Bugheanu P, Stanculescu IR. Theoretical study of β and γ-cyclodextrins inclusion complexes with nineteen atropisomeric polychlorobiphenyls. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-011-0092-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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93
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Ichikawa M, Yokomizo A, Itoh M, Sugita K, Usui H, Shimizu H, Suzuki M, Terayama K, Kanda A. Discovery of a new 2-aminobenzhydrol template for highly potent squalene synthase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:1930-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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94
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Alkorta I, Elguero J. A computational study of the conformation of heterocyclic systems related to biphenyl. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2010.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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95
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Pitsinos EN, Vidali VP, Couladouros EA. Diaryl Ether Formation in the Synthesis of Natural Products. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201001520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel N. Pitsinos
- Natural Products Synthesis and Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR “ DEMOKRITOS”, P. O. Box 60228, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Veroniki P. Vidali
- Natural Products Synthesis and Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR “ DEMOKRITOS”, P. O. Box 60228, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Elias A. Couladouros
- Natural Products Synthesis and Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR “ DEMOKRITOS”, P. O. Box 60228, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
- Chemistry Laboratories, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece, Fax: +30‐210‐677‐7849
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96
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LaPlante SR, Edwards PJ, Fader LD, Jakalian A, Hucke O. Revealing Atropisomer Axial Chirality in Drug Discovery. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:505-13. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201000485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven R. LaPlante
- Department of Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, QC, H7S 2G5 (Canada), Fax: (+1) 450‐682‐8434
| | - Paul J. Edwards
- Department of Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, QC, H7S 2G5 (Canada), Fax: (+1) 450‐682‐8434
| | - Lee D. Fader
- Department of Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, QC, H7S 2G5 (Canada), Fax: (+1) 450‐682‐8434
| | - Araz Jakalian
- Department of Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, QC, H7S 2G5 (Canada), Fax: (+1) 450‐682‐8434
| | - Oliver Hucke
- Department of Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, QC, H7S 2G5 (Canada), Fax: (+1) 450‐682‐8434
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97
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Cabon Y, Carmichael D, Ricard L. Redox-fixable manipulation of planar chirality in late transition metal sandwich compounds; a 1,1′-diphosphacobaltocene/1,1′-diphosphacobaltocenium salt couple. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:11486-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc15195a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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98
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Reimers T, Näther C, Lüning U. A Configurationally Stable Chiral Concave Imidazolinium Salt. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201001367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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99
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Tietze LF, Schuster HJ, von Hof JM, Hampel SM, Colunga JF, John M. Atropisomerism of Aromatic Carbamates. Chemistry 2010; 16:12678-82. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lutz F. Tietze
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie der Georg‐August‐Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen (Germany), Fax: (+49) 551‐399476
| | - Heiko J. Schuster
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie der Georg‐August‐Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen (Germany), Fax: (+49) 551‐399476
| | - J. Marian von Hof
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie der Georg‐August‐Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen (Germany), Fax: (+49) 551‐399476
| | - Sonja M. Hampel
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie der Georg‐August‐Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen (Germany), Fax: (+49) 551‐399476
| | - Juan F. Colunga
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie der Georg‐August‐Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen (Germany), Fax: (+49) 551‐399476
| | - Michael John
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Georg‐August‐Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen (Germany), Fax: (+49) 551‐393373
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100
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Sato I, Hirama M. Recent Advances in the Synthetic Studies of Nine-membered Enediyne Antitumor Antibiotics. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2010. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.68.1123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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