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Gallego RA, Bernier L, Chen H, Cho-Schultz S, Chung L, Collins M, Del Bel M, Elleraas J, Costa Jones C, Cronin CN, Edwards M, Fang X, Fisher T, He M, Hoffman J, Huo R, Jalaie M, Johnson E, Johnson TW, Kania RS, Kraus M, Lafontaine J, Le P, Liu T, Maestre M, Matthews J, McTigue M, Miller N, Mu Q, Qin X, Ren S, Richardson P, Rohner A, Sach N, Shao L, Smith G, Su R, Sun B, Timofeevski S, Tran P, Wang S, Wang W, Zhou R, Zhu J, Nair SK. Design and Synthesis of Functionally Active 5-Amino-6-Aryl Pyrrolopyrimidine Inhibitors of Hematopoietic Progenitor Kinase 1. J Med Chem 2023; 66:4888-4909. [PMID: 36940470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c02038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
Immune activating agents represent a valuable class of therapeutics for the treatment of cancer. An area of active research is expanding the types of these therapeutics that are available to patients via targeting new biological mechanisms. Hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1) is a negative regulator of immune signaling and a target of high interest for the treatment of cancer. Herein, we present the discovery and optimization of novel amino-6-aryl pyrrolopyrimidine inhibitors of HPK1 starting from hits identified via virtual screening. Key components of this discovery effort were structure-based drug design aided by analyses of normalized B-factors and optimization of lipophilic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Gallego
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, La Jolla, California 92121, United States
| | - Louise Bernier
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, La Jolla, California 92121, United States
| | - Hui Chen
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Sujin Cho-Schultz
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, La Jolla, California 92121, United States
| | - Loanne Chung
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, La Jolla, California 92121, United States
| | - Michael Collins
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, La Jolla, California 92121, United States
| | - Matthew Del Bel
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, La Jolla, California 92121, United States
| | - Jeff Elleraas
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, La Jolla, California 92121, United States
| | - Cinthia Costa Jones
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, La Jolla, California 92121, United States
| | - Ciaran N Cronin
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, La Jolla, California 92121, United States
| | - Martin Edwards
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, La Jolla, California 92121, United States
| | - Xu Fang
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Timothy Fisher
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, La Jolla, California 92121, United States
| | - Mingying He
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, La Jolla, California 92121, United States
| | - Jacqui Hoffman
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, La Jolla, California 92121, United States
| | - Ruiduan Huo
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Mehran Jalaie
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, La Jolla, California 92121, United States
| | - Eric Johnson
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, La Jolla, California 92121, United States
| | - Ted W Johnson
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, La Jolla, California 92121, United States
| | - Robert S Kania
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, La Jolla, California 92121, United States
| | - Manfred Kraus
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, La Jolla, California 92121, United States
| | - Jennifer Lafontaine
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, La Jolla, California 92121, United States
| | - Phuong Le
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, La Jolla, California 92121, United States
| | - Tongnan Liu
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Michael Maestre
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, La Jolla, California 92121, United States
| | - Jean Matthews
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, La Jolla, California 92121, United States
| | - Michele McTigue
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, La Jolla, California 92121, United States
| | - Nichol Miller
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, La Jolla, California 92121, United States
| | - Qiming Mu
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Xulong Qin
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Shijian Ren
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Paul Richardson
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, La Jolla, California 92121, United States
| | - Allison Rohner
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, La Jolla, California 92121, United States
| | - Neal Sach
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, La Jolla, California 92121, United States
| | - Li Shao
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Graham Smith
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, La Jolla, California 92121, United States
| | - Ruirui Su
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Bin Sun
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Sergei Timofeevski
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, La Jolla, California 92121, United States
| | - Phuong Tran
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, La Jolla, California 92121, United States
| | - Shuiwang Wang
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, La Jolla, California 92121, United States
| | - Ru Zhou
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, La Jolla, California 92121, United States
| | - Jinjiang Zhu
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, La Jolla, California 92121, United States
| | - Sajiv K Nair
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, La Jolla, California 92121, United States
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Coleman E, Radix AE, Bouman WP, Brown GR, de Vries ALC, Deutsch MB, Ettner R, Fraser L, Goodman M, Green J, Hancock AB, Johnson TW, Karasic DH, Knudson GA, Leibowitz SF, Meyer-Bahlburg HFL, Monstrey SJ, Motmans J, Nahata L, Nieder TO, Reisner SL, Richards C, Schechter LS, Tangpricha V, Tishelman AC, Van Trotsenburg MAA, Winter S, Ducheny K, Adams NJ, Adrián TM, Allen LR, Azul D, Bagga H, Başar K, Bathory DS, Belinky JJ, Berg DR, Berli JU, Bluebond-Langner RO, Bouman MB, Bowers ML, Brassard PJ, Byrne J, Capitán L, Cargill CJ, Carswell JM, Chang SC, Chelvakumar G, Corneil T, Dalke KB, De Cuypere G, de Vries E, Den Heijer M, Devor AH, Dhejne C, D'Marco A, Edmiston EK, Edwards-Leeper L, Ehrbar R, Ehrensaft D, Eisfeld J, Elaut E, Erickson-Schroth L, Feldman JL, Fisher AD, Garcia MM, Gijs L, Green SE, Hall BP, Hardy TLD, Irwig MS, Jacobs LA, Janssen AC, Johnson K, Klink DT, Kreukels BPC, Kuper LE, Kvach EJ, Malouf MA, Massey R, Mazur T, McLachlan C, Morrison SD, Mosser SW, Neira PM, Nygren U, Oates JM, Obedin-Maliver J, Pagkalos G, Patton J, Phanuphak N, Rachlin K, Reed T, Rider GN, Ristori J, Robbins-Cherry S, Roberts SA, Rodriguez-Wallberg KA, Rosenthal SM, Sabir K, Safer JD, Scheim AI, Seal LJ, Sehoole TJ, Spencer K, St Amand C, Steensma TD, Strang JF, Taylor GB, Tilleman K, T'Sjoen GG, Vala LN, Van Mello NM, Veale JF, Vencill JA, Vincent B, Wesp LM, West MA, Arcelus J. Standards of Care for the Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse People, Version 8. Int J Transgend Health 2022; 23:S1-S259. [PMID: 36238954 PMCID: PMC9553112 DOI: 10.1080/26895269.2022.2100644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 494] [Impact Index Per Article: 247.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Background: Transgender healthcare is a rapidly evolving interdisciplinary field. In the last decade, there has been an unprecedented increase in the number and visibility of transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people seeking support and gender-affirming medical treatment in parallel with a significant rise in the scientific literature in this area. The World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH) is an international, multidisciplinary, professional association whose mission is to promote evidence-based care, education, research, public policy, and respect in transgender health. One of the main functions of WPATH is to promote the highest standards of health care for TGD people through the Standards of Care (SOC). The SOC was initially developed in 1979 and the last version (SOC-7) was published in 2012. In view of the increasing scientific evidence, WPATH commissioned a new version of the Standards of Care, the SOC-8. Aim: The overall goal of SOC-8 is to provide health care professionals (HCPs) with clinical guidance to assist TGD people in accessing safe and effective pathways to achieving lasting personal comfort with their gendered selves with the aim of optimizing their overall physical health, psychological well-being, and self-fulfillment. Methods: The SOC-8 is based on the best available science and expert professional consensus in transgender health. International professionals and stakeholders were selected to serve on the SOC-8 committee. Recommendation statements were developed based on data derived from independent systematic literature reviews, where available, background reviews and expert opinions. Grading of recommendations was based on the available evidence supporting interventions, a discussion of risks and harms, as well as the feasibility and acceptability within different contexts and country settings. Results: A total of 18 chapters were developed as part of the SOC-8. They contain recommendations for health care professionals who provide care and treatment for TGD people. Each of the recommendations is followed by explanatory text with relevant references. General areas related to transgender health are covered in the chapters Terminology, Global Applicability, Population Estimates, and Education. The chapters developed for the diverse population of TGD people include Assessment of Adults, Adolescents, Children, Nonbinary, Eunuchs, and Intersex Individuals, and people living in Institutional Environments. Finally, the chapters related to gender-affirming treatment are Hormone Therapy, Surgery and Postoperative Care, Voice and Communication, Primary Care, Reproductive Health, Sexual Health, and Mental Health. Conclusions: The SOC-8 guidelines are intended to be flexible to meet the diverse health care needs of TGD people globally. While adaptable, they offer standards for promoting optimal health care and guidance for the treatment of people experiencing gender incongruence. As in all previous versions of the SOC, the criteria set forth in this document for gender-affirming medical interventions are clinical guidelines; individual health care professionals and programs may modify these in consultation with the TGD person.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Coleman
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Health, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - A E Radix
- Callen-Lorde Community Health Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - W P Bouman
- Nottingham Centre for Transgender Health, Nottingham, UK
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - G R Brown
- James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
- James H. Quillen VAMC, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - A L C de Vries
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M B Deutsch
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF Gender Affirming Health Program, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - R Ettner
- New Health Foundation Worldwide, Evanston, IL, USA
- Weiss Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - L Fraser
- Independent Practice, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - M Goodman
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J Green
- Independent Scholar, Vancouver, WA, USA
| | - A B Hancock
- The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - T W Johnson
- Department of Anthropology, California State University, Chico, CA, USA
| | - D H Karasic
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Independent Practice at dankarasic.com
| | - G A Knudson
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, Canada
| | - S F Leibowitz
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - H F L Meyer-Bahlburg
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - J Motmans
- Transgender Infopunt, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
- Centre for Research on Culture and Gender, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - L Nahata
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
- Endocrinology and Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - T O Nieder
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Interdisciplinary Transgender Health Care Center Hamburg, Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S L Reisner
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Richards
- Regents University London, UK
- Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - V Tangpricha
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - A C Tishelman
- Boston College, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - M A A Van Trotsenburg
- Bureau GenderPRO, Vienna, Austria
- University Hospital Lilienfeld-St. Pölten, St. Pölten, Austria
| | - S Winter
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - K Ducheny
- Howard Brown Health, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - N J Adams
- University of Toronto, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, Toronto, Canada
- Transgender Professional Association for Transgender Health (TPATH)
| | - T M Adrián
- Asamblea Nacional de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
- Diverlex Diversidad e Igualdad a Través de la Ley, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - L R Allen
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - D Azul
- La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Australia
| | - H Bagga
- Monash Health Gender Clinic, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - K Başar
- Department of Psychiatry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - D S Bathory
- Independent Practice at Bathory International PLLC, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - J J Belinky
- Durand Hospital, Guemes Clinic and Urological Center, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D R Berg
- National Center for Gender Spectrum Health, Institute for Sexual and Gender Health, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - J U Berli
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - R O Bluebond-Langner
- NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - M-B Bouman
- Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, , Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M L Bowers
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mills-Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame, CA, USA
| | - P J Brassard
- GrS Montreal, Complexe CMC, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Université de Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - J Byrne
- University of Waikato/Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato, Hamilton/Kirikiriroa, New Zealand/Aotearoa
| | - L Capitán
- The Facialteam Group, Marbella International Hospital, Marbella, Spain
| | | | - J M Carswell
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston's Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S C Chang
- Independent Practice, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - G Chelvakumar
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University, College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - T Corneil
- School of Population & Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - K B Dalke
- Penn State Health, PA, USA
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - G De Cuypere
- Center for Sexology and Gender, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | - E de Vries
- Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
- University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - M Den Heijer
- Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, , Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A H Devor
- University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - C Dhejne
- ANOVA, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A D'Marco
- UCTRANS-United Caribbean Trans Network, Nassau, The Bahamas
- D M A R C O Organization, Nassau, The Bahamas
| | - E K Edmiston
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - L Edwards-Leeper
- Pacific University, Hillsboro, OR, USA
- Independent Practice, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - R Ehrbar
- Whitman Walker Health, Washington, DC, USA
- Independent Practice, Maryland, USA
| | - D Ehrensaft
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J Eisfeld
- Transvisie, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E Elaut
- Center for Sexology and Gender, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Clinical Experimental and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - L Erickson-Schroth
- The Jed Foundation, New York, NY, USA
- Hetrick-Martin Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - J L Feldman
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Health, Institute for Sexual and Gender Health, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - A D Fisher
- Andrology, Women Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - M M Garcia
- Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Departments of Urology and Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - L Gijs
- Institute of Family and Sexuality Studies, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - B P Hall
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Adult Gender Medicine Clinic, Durham, NC, USA
| | - T L D Hardy
- Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- MacEwan University, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - M S Irwig
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - A C Janssen
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - K Johnson
- RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
- University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - D T Klink
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, ZNA Queen Paola Children's Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - B P C Kreukels
- Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, , Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - L E Kuper
- Department of Psychiatry, Southwestern Medical Center, University of Texas, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Health, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - E J Kvach
- Denver Health, Denver, CO, USA
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - M A Malouf
- Malouf Counseling and Consulting, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - R Massey
- WPATH Global Education Institute
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - T Mazur
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- John R. Oishei Children's Hospital, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - C McLachlan
- Professional Association for Transgender Health, South Africa
- Gender DynamiX, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S D Morrison
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S W Mosser
- Gender Confirmation Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Saint Francis Memorial Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - P M Neira
- Johns Hopkins Center for Transgender Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Johns Hopkins Medicine Office of Diversity, Inclusion and Health Equity, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - U Nygren
- Division of Speech and Language Pathology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Speech and Language Pathology, Medical Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J M Oates
- La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne Voice Analysis Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Obedin-Maliver
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - G Pagkalos
- Independent PracticeThessaloniki, Greece
- Military Community Mental Health Center, 424 General Military Training Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - J Patton
- Talkspace, New York, NY, USA
- CytiPsychological LLC, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - N Phanuphak
- Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - K Rachlin
- Independent Practice, New York, NY, USA
| | - T Reed
- Gender Identity Research and Education Society, Leatherhead, UK
| | - G N Rider
- National Center for Gender Spectrum Health, Institute for Sexual and Gender Health, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - J Ristori
- Andrology, Women Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | - S A Roberts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston's Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K A Rodriguez-Wallberg
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S M Rosenthal
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF Child and Adolescent Gender Center
| | - K Sabir
- FtM Phoenix Group, Krasnodar Krai, Russia
| | - J D Safer
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mount Sinai Center for Transgender Medicine and Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - A I Scheim
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, Ontario, Canada
| | - L J Seal
- Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - K Spencer
- National Center for Gender Spectrum Health, Institute for Sexual and Gender Health, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - C St Amand
- University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - T D Steensma
- Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, , Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J F Strang
- Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - G B Taylor
- Atrium Health Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - K Tilleman
- Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | - G G T'Sjoen
- Center for Sexology and Gender, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | - L N Vala
- Independent Practice, Campbell, CA, USA
| | - N M Van Mello
- Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J F Veale
- School of Psychology, University of Waikato/Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato, Hamilton/Kirikiriroa, New Zealand/Aotearoa
| | - J A Vencill
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - B Vincent
- Trans Learning Partnership at https://spectra-london.org.uk/trans-learning-partnership, UK
| | - L M Wesp
- College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin MilwaukeeMilwaukee, WI, USA
- Health Connections Inc., Glendale, WI, USA
| | - M A West
- North Memorial Health Hospital, Robbinsdale, MN, USA
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - J Arcelus
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Abstract
Identification of targetable fusions as oncogenic drivers in non-small cell lung cancer has transformed its diagnostic and therapeutic paradigm. In a recent article in Nature, Izumi et al. report the discovery of CLIP1-LTK fusion as a novel oncogenic driver in lung cancer, targetable using the ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor lorlatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa J Cooper
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lecia V Sequist
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ted W Johnson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jessica J Lin
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA.
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4
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Bruno VD, Sammut E, Gall A, Baz-Lopez D, Ascione R, Johnson TW. Quantitative evaluation of coronary artery occlusion by 3D coronary volume reconstruction in a large animal model of acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.3257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Large animal models of acute myocardial infarction (MI) offer an important platform to test novel therapies. Consistency of infarct size between animals is critical to ensure an accurate assessment of therapies against control. However, anatomical variation challenges the ability to achieve a consistent infarct size and care must be taken to respect the principles of the 3Rs through minimisation of interventional fatalities.
Purpose
To standardise the approach of a closed chest model of balloon occlusion-facilitated MI. Novel 3-dimensional quantitative coronary angiography (3DQCA) software has been used retrospectively to identify a correlation between coronary volume occlusion and the extension of the myocardial scar.
Methods
Twenty-four Yorkshire pigs (mean weight 63.1±3 kg) underwent a closed chest MI model via percutaneous occlusion of the mid portion of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) for 60 minutes. The evaluation of the myocardial damage was obtained via cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) between 24 and 48 hours after the MI model (Acute) and at 4–5 weeks after MI (Chronic). Troponin I was also measured at multiple timepoints. 3DQCA reconstruction (QAngio XA 3D, Medis medical imaging systems NL) was generated from 2 angiographic projections with segmental analysis of all 3 major epicardial vessels including lumen volume, reference diameters, and segment length. The occlusive volume and vessel length was identified through co-registration of balloon position.
Results
At the short term timepoint, a significant correlation was found between the LAD volume occluded and the scar size as percentage of the LV mass (Spearman correlation 0.72, p value <0.01, Fig. 1). Using Youden index analysis we identified a cut-off point of 32.8% of the LAD volume to determine a scar volume >20% (Fig. 2). At chronic phase the correlation between these two variables was not significant, although there was a trend towards significance (p value = 0.06, Cor = 0.54). No significant correlation was found with serum Troponin I.
Conclusions
There is a significant correlation between the LAD volume occluded and the overall scar size in the acute phase and at least 32.8% of the LAD volume should be occluded to determine a scar volume >20% of the entire LV. This indicates that a prospective measure of occluded LAD volume might minimise the intra-experimental variability in studies aiming to reduce infarct size and acute myocardial injury.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Other. Main funding source(s): This research work was supported by grants awarded to Professor Ascione: the British Heart Foundation (BHF) (BHF IG/14/2/30991, BHF RM/13/2/30158), and the Medical Research Council (MRC) (MRC MR/L012723/1).
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Affiliation(s)
- V D Bruno
- University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - E Sammut
- University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - A Gall
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - D Baz-Lopez
- University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - R Ascione
- University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - T W Johnson
- University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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5
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Williams MGL, Liang K, De Garate E, Spagnoli L, Fiori E, Lawton CB, Dastidar A, Johnson TW, Biglino G, Bucciarelli-Ducci C. Diagnostic and prognostic role of peak troponin T in patients with acute coronary syndromes and non-obstructive coronary arteries. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.1494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Up to 10% of patients who present with an acute coronary syndrome have a myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA). Troponin T predicts infarct size and outcomes in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. The value of peak troponin T in patients with a working diagnosis of MINOCA is not well understood.
Purpose
The aim of this study is to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic role of troponin in patients with MINOCA.
Methods
Consecutive patients with a working diagnosis of MINOCA from a single tertiary centre who underwent comprehensive cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) were followed prospectively. Peak troponin T was identified during the index admission and divided into deciles and quartiles for analysis. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality.
Results
Among 796 patients undergoing CMR, 719 met the study criteria and had underwent a diagnostic quality scan. The peak Troponin T threshold for optimal diagnostic sensitivity and specificity was 211 ng/L. Peak troponin T ≥211 ng/L and time to CMR of ≤14 days has a sensitivity of 94%, specificity of 35%, PPV 57% and NPV 94% for the CMR making a diagnosis. Each increase in troponin decile increases the mean diagnostic yield of the CMR by 3.65% (p<0.001, 95% CI 3.38 – 3.91; R2 0.84; Figure 1).
If the troponin is in the lowest decile and the CMR is performed at ≤14 days, the diagnostic yield is still 72%. There is no overall difference in median troponin in patients who died and those who survived (229 ng/l v. 424 ng/l; p=0.157), however mortality is significantly lower in the highest two troponin quartiles (6.9% versus 11.9%; p=0.009; Figure 2).
Conclusion
Peak troponin T is readily available during the index admission in patients presenting with MINOCA and provides useful diagnostic and prognostic information for the attending cardiologist.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None. Figure 1. CMR diagnosis by troponin decileFigure 2. Mortality by troponin quartile
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Affiliation(s)
- M G L Williams
- Bristol Heart Institute, Cardiology, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - K Liang
- Bristol Heart Institute, Cardiology, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - E De Garate
- Bristol Heart Institute, Cardiology, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - L Spagnoli
- Bristol Heart Institute, Cardiology, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - E Fiori
- Bristol Heart Institute, Cardiology, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - C B Lawton
- Bristol Heart Institute, Cardiology, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - A Dastidar
- Bristol Heart Institute, Cardiology, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - T W Johnson
- Bristol Heart Institute, Cardiology, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - G Biglino
- University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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6
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Williams MGL, Dastidar A, Liang K, Johnson TW, Baritussio A, Strange JW, Joshi N, Dorman S, De Garate E, Spagnoli L, Fiori E, Lawton CB, Biglino G, Plein S, Bucciarelli-Ducci C. Sex and age differences in patients with acute coronary syndrome and non-obstructive coronary arteries: presentation and outcome. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.1488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
A substantial number of patients present with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and non-obstructive coronary arteries. Sex and age differences in these patients are not well understood. This study aims to evaluate the impact of sex and age on clinical presentation and outcome in patients with ACS and non-obstructive coronary arteries, with either an ischaemic or non-ischaemic cause.
Methods and results
Consecutive patients with an ACS and non-obstructive coronary arteries (n=719) from a single tertiary centre underwent comprehensive cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. CMR was performed at a median time of 30 days after presentation and identified a diagnosis in 74% of patients. Patients with an ischaemic or non-ischaemic aetiology (n=529) on CMR were followed prospectively. All-cause mortality was 11% over a median follow up of 4.9 years, with no significant difference between sexes (11% versus 11% p=0.732). Women were more likely to have an ischaemic aetiology on CMR (40% v 31%, p=0.037). Age group (HR 1.48, p=0.002), log peak troponin (HR 0.78, p=0.033) and LVEF (HR 0.98, p=0.032) were independent predictors of mortality. Men aged >60 years with a non-ischaemic aetiology on their CMR were at higher risk of death than women >60 years (p=0.003).
Conclusions
There is no difference in all-cause mortality between sexes in patients presenting with ACS and non-obstructive coronary arteries but increasing age is an important predictor of mortality in both sexes.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None. Sex differences in CMR diagnosisSex, age and mortality
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Affiliation(s)
- M G L Williams
- Bristol Heart Institute, Cardiology, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - A Dastidar
- Bristol Heart Institute, Cardiology, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - K Liang
- Bristol Heart Institute, Cardiology, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - T W Johnson
- Bristol Heart Institute, Cardiology, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - A Baritussio
- Bristol Heart Institute, Cardiology, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - J W Strange
- Bristol Heart Institute, Cardiology, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - N Joshi
- Bristol Heart Institute, Cardiology, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - S Dorman
- Bristol Heart Institute, Cardiology, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - E De Garate
- Bristol Heart Institute, Cardiology, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - L Spagnoli
- Bristol Heart Institute, Cardiology, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - E Fiori
- Bristol Heart Institute, Cardiology, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - C B Lawton
- Bristol Heart Institute, Cardiology, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - G Biglino
- University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - S Plein
- University of Leeds, Department of Biomedical Imaging Science, Leeds, United Kingdom
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7
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Baz-Lopez D, Bruno VD, Johnson TW, Ascione R, Sammut E. Impaired transcriptional compensation for oxidative damage in a porcine model of ischaemic cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.3219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The prognosis of heart failure remains poor. Energetic imbalances related to mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired oxidative phosphorylation and oxidative damage have been implicated in the pathogenesis or worsening of heart failure (1,2). Improved understanding of the metabolic alterations in heart failure may provide new biomarkers or therapeutic targets.
Purpose
We explored mutation rate, mitochondrial copy number and regional mitochondrial gene transcription in a porcine model of ischaemic cardiomyopathy. Specifically, we investigated the Dloop region – a promotor for mitochondrial DNA- in which mutations have been implicated in many cancers. We hypothesised that there may be differences in mutation rate and oxidative damage within the mitochondrial genome.
Methods
15 female Yorkshire pigs were studied. 7 animals underwent percutaneous balloon catheter myocardial infarction followed by termination at 4 weeks. A group of 8 healthy animals served as controls. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assays were performed to determine the gene expression levels of mitochondrial DNA codified genes (ND1, ND2, ND4, ATP6 and ND6). Quantitative PCR (qPCR) methodology was modified to obtain the relative mitochondrial copy number, mutation rate, and oxidative damage according to established methods (3–5).
Results
Significant mitochondrial transcriptional activity of the genes studied was seen in both groups (see Table 1 and 2). When examining the ND2-ND6 region (excluding the Dloop) in control animals, we note an inverse correlation with increased oxidative damage corresponding to a significantly lower mutation rate (p=0.017). There was no correlation between the mutation rate and oxidative damage in the ND6-ND2- including Dloop- region. However, when examining the Dloop specifically, there was a marked inverse correlation between oxidative damage and mutation rate (p=0.007). This suggests that in controls, there is regional variation in the susceptibility to damage within the mitochondrial genome which may trigger repair mechanisms. Indeed, the relative mitochondrial copy number was inversely associated to the mutation rate (p=0.08) in controls.
In contrast, in the chronic animals, we noted no correlation with the level of oxidative damage in the ND2-ND6, D-loop, or ND6–2 regions compared to mutation rate (p=0.52, p=0.53 and p=0.17 respectively). This indicates that there is a loss in the ability to instigate repair mechanisms in the setting of ischaemic cardiomyopathy.
Conclusions
This study demonstrates that in control animals, there appears to be regional variation in the ability to mitigate against mutations in response to oxidative damage within the mitochondrial genome. In contrast, this protection and/or the effectiveness of repair mechanisms appear to be impaired in the setting of ischaemic cardiomyopathy. This may be a driver, and in turn a therapeutic target, for adverse remodelling in this setting.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Other. Main funding source(s): This research work was supported by grants awarded to Professor Ascione: the British Heart Foundation (BHF) (BHF IG/14/2/30991, BHF RM/13/2/30158), and the Medical Research Council (MRC) (MRC MR/L012723/1).
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Affiliation(s)
- D Baz-Lopez
- University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - V D Bruno
- University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - T W Johnson
- University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - R Ascione
- University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - E Sammut
- University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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8
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Baz-Lopez D, Bruno VD, Johnson TW, Ascione R, Sammut E. Distinct metabolic transcriptional patterns and Warburg effect in porcine model of ischaemic cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.3220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Despite improvements in therapy for heart failure, the prognosis remains poor. Energetic imbalances related to mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired oxidative phosphorylation and oxidative damage have been implicated in the pathogenesis or worsening of heart failure. Improved understanding of the metabolic alterations of the heart may provide new biomarkers or therapeutic targets.
Purpose
It has been speculated that aerobic glycolysis, known as the Warburg effect, may be advantageous for cell survival whereby there is the opportunity for simultaneous energy production and production of intermediary metabolites crucial for anabolic pathways that sustain cell division and maintenance, and protein synthesis (1,2). In this study, we studied a preclinical model of ischaemic cardiomyopathy to investigate transcriptional patterns in two defined areas; peri-infarct and remote locations. Specifically, we investigated if aerobic glycolysis may be present in this setting.
Methods
18 female Yorkshire pigs were studied. 10 animals underwent balloon catheter myocardial infarction followed by termination at 4 weeks. A group of 8 healthy animals served as controls. All animals underwent cardiac MRI prior to termination confirming ventricular impairment and remodelling in the chronic animals (see Table 1). Gene expression profiles of glucose mobilisation and glucose metabolic markers (GLUT1, GLUT4, ANK2, GAPDH and LDHA), oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial function (ND1, TFAM, and PGC1-alpha), key markers of insulin resistance (AKT1, AS160) and a hypoxia marker (HIF1-alpha) were measured.
Results
Our results indicate the presence of two distinct metabolic profiles at the gene expression level, differing from control tissue but more interestingly with striking differences regionally. In the remote region compared to controls, we demonstrate a picture suggestive of increased glycolysis with significant transcriptional upregulation of GLUT1 and GLUT4 glucose transporters (p=0.01 and p=0.02 respectively), alongside a significant reduction in PGC1-alpha (p=0.04) with maintained transcriptional levels of LDHA and HIF1-alpha. Combined, these results are suggestive of reduced oxidative phosphorylation alongside compensated, or early stage, aerobic glycolytic metabolism in this region. In contrast, in peri-infarct tissue versus controls, we demonstrate a reduction in glycolysis (GLUT1 p=0.09, GLUT4 p=0.01 with a dramatic increase in GLUT1/GLUT4 ratio of 6.7 times) and reduced markers of mitochondrial function indicative of insulin-resistance with evidence of a fetal-pattern metabolic profile (see Table 2 for detailed results).
Conclusions
This study demonstrates distinct transcriptional profiles within hearts with ischaemic cardiomyopathy and for the first time suggests that the Warburg effect may be present in remote myocardium in this setting supporting the need for further work in this area.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Other. Main funding source(s): This research work was supported by grants awarded to Professor Ascione: the British Heart Foundation (BHF) (BHF IG/14/2/30991, BHF RM/13/2/30158), and the Medical Research Council (MRC) (MRC MR/L012723/1). Table 1. CMR parameters for animals studiedTable 2. Transcriptional signals
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Affiliation(s)
- D Baz-Lopez
- University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - V D Bruno
- University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - T W Johnson
- University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - R Ascione
- University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - E Sammut
- University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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9
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Williams MGL, Liang K, De Garate E, Spagnoli L, Fiori E, Lawton CB, Biglino G, Dastidar A, Johnson TW, Bucciarelli-Ducci C. The role of peak troponin in patients with a working diagnosis of myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA). Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeab090.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Private grant(s) and/or Sponsorship. Main funding source(s): Rosetrees Trust James Tudor Foundation
Background
6-10% of patients who present with an acute coronary syndrome have a myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA). Troponin T predicts infarct size and outcomes in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. The value of peak troponin T in patients with a working diagnosis of MINOCA is not well understood.
Purpose
The aim of this study is to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic role of troponin in patients with MINOCA.
Methods
Consecutive patients with a working diagnosis of MINOCA (n = 719) from a single tertiary centre who underwent comprehensive cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) were followed prospectively. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality.
Results
Peak troponin T ≥211 ng/L and time to CMR of ≤17 days have a positive predictive value of 94% for being able to make a diagnosis on CMR. If the scan was performed in ≤17 days the diagnostic yield was still 75% even in the lowest troponin decile, but this was 59% if performed after 17 days. Each increase in troponin decile increases the mean diagnostic yield of the CMR by 3.7% (p < 0.001, 95% CI 3.4 – 3.9; R2 0.84; Figure 1). There is no overall difference in median troponin in patients who died and those who survived (229 ng/l v. 424 ng/l; p = 0.157), however mortality is significantly lower in the highest two troponin quartiles (11.9% versus 6.9%; p = 0.009, figure 2).
Conclusions
Peak troponin T and time to CMR can be used by cardiologists to determine the likelihood of making a diagnosis using CMR. A higher troponin quartile is associated with lower mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- MGL Williams
- Bristol Heart Institute, Department of Cardiology, Bristol, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - K Liang
- Bristol Heart Institute, Department of Cardiology, Bristol, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - E De Garate
- Bristol Heart Institute, Department of Cardiology, Bristol, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - L Spagnoli
- Bristol Heart Institute, Department of Cardiology, Bristol, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - E Fiori
- Bristol Heart Institute, Department of Cardiology, Bristol, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - CB Lawton
- Bristol Heart Institute, Department of Cardiology, Bristol, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - G Biglino
- University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - A Dastidar
- Bristol Heart Institute, Department of Cardiology, Bristol, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - TW Johnson
- Bristol Heart Institute, Department of Cardiology, Bristol, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - C Bucciarelli-Ducci
- Bristol Heart Institute, Department of Cardiology, Bristol, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
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10
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Williams MGL, Dastidar A, Liang K, Johnson TW, Baritussio A, Strange JW, Joshi N, Dorman S, Dr Garate E, Spagnoli L, Fiori E, Lawton CB, Biglino G, Plein S, Bucciarelli-Ducci C. Sex and age differences in patients with a working diagnosis of myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA): presentation and outcome. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeab090.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Private grant(s) and/or Sponsorship. Main funding source(s): Rosetrees Trust James Tudor Foundation
Background Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) is an increasingly recognised working diagnosis. Sex and age differences in MINOCA are not well understood.
Purpose This study aims to evaluate the impact of sex and age in patients with MINOCA due to ischaemic and non-ischaemic causes on clinical presentation and outcome.
Methods and Results Consecutive patients with a working diagnosis of MINOCA (n = 719) from a single tertiary centre who underwent comprehensive cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) were followed prospectively. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. CMR was performed at a median time of 30 days after presentation and identified a diagnosis in 74% of patients. Men were more likely to have a non-ischaemic cause on CMR (55% v. 41%, p < 0.001) and less likely to have a normal/non-specific scan (21% v. 32%, p = 0.001, figure 1). All-cause mortality was 9.5% over a median follow up of 4.9 years, with no significant difference between sexes (8.7% versus 10.1% p = 0.456). Age group (HR 1.61, p < 0.001) and LVEF (HR 0.98, p = 0.020) were independent predictors of mortality. Men aged >60 years with a non-ischaemic aetiology on their CMR were at higher risk of death than women with non-ischaemic causes >60 years (p = 0.003, figure 2).
Conclusions There is no difference in all-cause mortality between sexes in MINOCA but increasing age is the most important predictor of mortality in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- MGL Williams
- Bristol Heart Institute, Cardiology, Bristol, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - A Dastidar
- Bristol Heart Institute, Department of Cardiology, Bristol, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - K Liang
- Bristol Heart Institute, Department of Cardiology, Bristol, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - TW Johnson
- Bristol Heart Institute, Department of Cardiology, Bristol, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - A Baritussio
- Bristol Heart Institute, Department of Cardiology, Bristol, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - JW Strange
- Bristol Heart Institute, Department of Cardiology, Bristol, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - N Joshi
- Bristol Heart Institute, Department of Cardiology, Bristol, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - S Dorman
- Bristol Heart Institute, Department of Cardiology, Bristol, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - E Dr Garate
- Bristol Heart Institute, Department of Cardiology, Bristol, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - L Spagnoli
- Bristol Heart Institute, Department of Cardiology, Bristol, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - E Fiori
- Bristol Heart Institute, Department of Cardiology, Bristol, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - CB Lawton
- Bristol Heart Institute, Department of Cardiology, Bristol, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - G Biglino
- University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - S Plein
- University of Leeds, Department of Biomedical Imaging Science, Leeds, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - C Bucciarelli-Ducci
- Bristol Heart Institute, Department of Cardiology, Bristol, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
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11
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Lin JJ, Choudhury NJ, Yoda S, Zhu VW, Johnson TW, Sakhtemani R, Dagogo-Jack I, Digumarthy SR, Lee C, Do A, Peterson J, Prutisto-Chang K, Malik W, Hubbeling HG, Langenbucher A, Schoenfeld AJ, Falcon CJ, Temel JS, Sequist LV, Yeap BY, Lennerz JK, Shaw AT, Lawrence MS, Ou SHI, Hata AN, Drilon A, Gainor JF. Spectrum of Mechanisms of Resistance to Crizotinib and Lorlatinib in ROS1 Fusion-Positive Lung Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:2899-2909. [PMID: 33685866 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Current standard initial therapy for advanced, ROS proto-oncogene 1, receptor tyrosine kinase fusion (ROS1)-positive (ROS1+) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is crizotinib or entrectinib. Lorlatinib, a next-generation anaplastic lymphoma kinase/ROS1 inhibitor, recently demonstrated efficacy in ROS1+ NSCLC, including in crizotinib-pretreated patients. However, mechanisms of lorlatinib resistance in ROS1+ disease remain poorly understood. Here, we assessed mechanisms of resistance to crizotinib and lorlatinib. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Biopsies from patients with ROS1 + NSCLC progressing on crizotinib or lorlatinib were profiled by genetic sequencing. RESULTS From 55 patients, 47 post-crizotinib and 32 post-lorlatinib biopsies were assessed. Among 42 post-crizotinib and 28 post-lorlatinib biopsies analyzed at distinct timepoints, ROS1 mutations were identified in 38% and 46%, respectively. ROS1 G2032R was the most commonly occurring mutation in approximately one third of cases. Additional ROS1 mutations included D2033N (2.4%) and S1986F (2.4%) post-crizotinib and L2086F (3.6%), G2032R/L2086F (3.6%), G2032R/S1986F/L2086F (3.6%), and S1986F/L2000V (3.6%) post-lorlatinib. Structural modeling predicted ROS1L2086F causes steric interference to lorlatinib, crizotinib, and entrectinib, while it may accommodate cabozantinib. In Ba/F3 models, ROS1L2086F, ROS1G2032R/L2086F, and ROS1S1986F/G2032R/L2086F were refractory to lorlatinib but sensitive to cabozantinib. A patient with disease progression on crizotinib and lorlatinib and ROS1 L2086F received cabozantinib for nearly 11 months with disease control. Among lorlatinib-resistant biopsies, we also identified MET amplification (4%), KRAS G12C (4%), KRAS amplification (4%), NRAS mutation (4%), and MAP2K1 mutation (4%). CONCLUSIONS ROS1 mutations mediate resistance to crizotinib and lorlatinib in more than one third of cases, underscoring the importance of developing next-generation ROS1 inhibitors with potency against these mutations, including G2032R and L2086F. Continued efforts are needed to elucidate ROS1-independent resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J Lin
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Noura J Choudhury
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Satoshi Yoda
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Viola W Zhu
- Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Orange, California
| | - Ted W Johnson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla, California
| | - Ramin Sakhtemani
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ibiayi Dagogo-Jack
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Subba R Digumarthy
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charlotte Lee
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew Do
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer Peterson
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kylie Prutisto-Chang
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wafa Malik
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Harper G Hubbeling
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Adam Langenbucher
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Adam J Schoenfeld
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Christina J Falcon
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Jennifer S Temel
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lecia V Sequist
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Beow Y Yeap
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jochen K Lennerz
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alice T Shaw
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael S Lawrence
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Aaron N Hata
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alexander Drilon
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Justin F Gainor
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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12
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Johnson E, McTigue M, Gallego RA, Johnson TW, Timofeevski S, Maestre M, Fisher TS, Kania R, Sawasdikosol S, Burakoff S, Cronin CN. Multiple conformational states of the HPK1 kinase domain in complex with sunitinib reveal the structural changes accompanying HPK1 trans-regulation. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:9029-9036. [PMID: 31018963 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ac119.007466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1 or MAP4K1) is a Ser/Thr kinase that operates via the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways to dampen the T-cell response and antitumor immunity. Accordingly, selective HPK1 inhibition is considered a means to enhance antitumor immunity. Sunitinib, a multi-receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor approved for the management of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and pancreatic cancer, has been reported to inhibit HPK1 in vitro In this report, we describe the crystal structures of the native HPK1 kinase domain in both nonphosphorylated and doubly phosphorylated states, in addition to a double phosphomimetic mutant (T165E,S171E), each complexed with sunitinib at 2.17-3.00-Å resolutions. The native nonphosphorylated cocrystal structure revealed an inactive dimer in which the activation loop of each monomer partially occupies the ATP- and substrate-binding sites of the partner monomer. In contrast, the structure of the protein with a doubly phosphorylated activation loop exhibited an active kinase conformation with a greatly reduced monomer-monomer interface. Conversely, the phosphomimetic mutant cocrystal structure disclosed an alternative arrangement in which the activation loops are in an extended domain-swapped configuration. These structural results indicate that HPK1 is a highly dynamic kinase that undergoes trans-regulation via dimer formation and extensive intramolecular and intermolecular remodeling of the activation segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Johnson
- From the La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, California 92121 and
| | - Michele McTigue
- From the La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, California 92121 and
| | - Rebecca A Gallego
- From the La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, California 92121 and
| | - Ted W Johnson
- From the La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, California 92121 and
| | - Sergei Timofeevski
- From the La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, California 92121 and
| | - Michael Maestre
- From the La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, California 92121 and
| | - Timothy S Fisher
- From the La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, California 92121 and
| | - Robert Kania
- From the La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, California 92121 and
| | - Sansana Sawasdikosol
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Steven Burakoff
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Ciarán N Cronin
- From the La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, California 92121 and
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13
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Johnson TW, Bolanos B, Brooun A, Gallego RA, Gehlhaar D, Jalaie M, McTigue M, Timofeevski S. Reviving B-Factors: Activating ALK Mutations Increase Protein Dynamics of the Unphosphorylated Kinase. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:872-877. [PMID: 30258533 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that can become oncogenic by activating mutations or overexpression. Full kinetic characterization of both phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated wildtype and mutant ALK kinase domain was done. Our structure-based drug design programs directed at ALK allowed us to interrogate whether X-ray crystallography data could be used to support the hypothesis that activation of ALK by mutation occurs due to increased protein dynamics. Crystallographic B-factors were converted to normalized B-factors, which allowed analysis of wildtype ALK, ALK-C1156Y, and ALK-L1196M. This data suggests that mobility of the P-loop, αC-helix, and activation loop (A-loop) may be important in catalytic activity increases, with or without phosphorylation. Both molecular dynamics simulations and hydrogen-deuterium exchange experimental data corroborated the normalized B-factors data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted W. Johnson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla Oncology, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Ben Bolanos
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla Oncology, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Alexei Brooun
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla Oncology, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Rebecca A. Gallego
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla Oncology, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Dan Gehlhaar
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla Oncology, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Mehran Jalaie
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla Oncology, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Michele McTigue
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla Oncology, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Sergei Timofeevski
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla Oncology, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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14
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Johnson TW, Gallego RA, Brooun A, Gehlhaar D, McTigue M. Reviving B-Factors: Retrospective Normalized B-Factor Analysis of c-ros Oncogene 1 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase and Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase L1196M with Crizotinib and Lorlatinib. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:878-883. [PMID: 30258534 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Structure-based drug design (SBDD) is commonly leveraged in rational drug design. Usually, ligand and binding site atomic coordinates from crystallographic data are exploited to optimize potency and selectivity. In addition to traditional, static views of proteins and ligands, we propose using normalized B-factors to study protein dynamics as a part of the drug optimization process. A retrospective case study of crizotinib and lorlatinib bound to both c-ros oncogene 1 kinase (ROS1) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) L1196M related normalized B-factors to differences in binding affinity. This analysis showed that ligand binding can have protein-stabilizing effects that start near the ligand but propagate through nearby residues and structural waters to more distal motifs. The potential opportunities for analyzing normalized B-factors in SBDD are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted W. Johnson
- Oncology Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Inc., 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Rebecca A. Gallego
- Oncology Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Inc., 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Alexei Brooun
- Oncology Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Inc., 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Dan Gehlhaar
- Oncology Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Inc., 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Michele McTigue
- Oncology Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Inc., 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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15
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Yoda S, Lin JJ, Lawrence MS, Burke BJ, Friboulet L, Langenbucher A, Dardaei L, Prutisto-Chang K, Dagogo-Jack I, Timofeevski S, Hubbeling H, Gainor JF, Ferris LA, Riley AK, Kattermann KE, Timonina D, Heist RS, Iafrate AJ, Benes CH, Lennerz JK, Mino-Kenudson M, Engelman JA, Johnson TW, Hata AN, Shaw AT. Sequential ALK Inhibitors Can Select for Lorlatinib-Resistant Compound ALK Mutations in ALK-Positive Lung Cancer. Cancer Discov 2018; 8:714-729. [PMID: 29650534 PMCID: PMC5984716 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-17-1256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The cornerstone of treatment for advanced ALK-positive lung cancer is sequential therapy with increasingly potent and selective ALK inhibitors. The third-generation ALK inhibitor lorlatinib has demonstrated clinical activity in patients who failed previous ALK inhibitors. To define the spectrum of ALK mutations that confer lorlatinib resistance, we performed accelerated mutagenesis screening of Ba/F3 cells expressing EML4-ALK. Under comparable conditions, N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) mutagenesis generated numerous crizotinib-resistant but no lorlatinib-resistant clones harboring single ALK mutations. In similar screens with EML4-ALK containing single ALK resistance mutations, numerous lorlatinib-resistant clones emerged harboring compound ALK mutations. To determine the clinical relevance of these mutations, we analyzed repeat biopsies from lorlatinib-resistant patients. Seven of 20 samples (35%) harbored compound ALK mutations, including two identified in the ENU screen. Whole-exome sequencing in three cases confirmed the stepwise accumulation of ALK mutations during sequential treatment. These results suggest that sequential ALK inhibitors can foster the emergence of compound ALK mutations, identification of which is critical to informing drug design and developing effective therapeutic strategies.Significance: Treatment with sequential first-, second-, and third-generation ALK inhibitors can select for compound ALK mutations that confer high-level resistance to ALK-targeted therapies. A more efficacious long-term strategy may be up-front treatment with a third-generation ALK inhibitor to prevent the emergence of on-target resistance. Cancer Discov; 8(6); 714-29. ©2018 AACR.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 663.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yoda
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jessica J Lin
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael S Lawrence
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Luc Friboulet
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris Saclay, INSERM U981, Paris, France
| | - Adam Langenbucher
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Leila Dardaei
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Ibiayi Dagogo-Jack
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Harper Hubbeling
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Justin F Gainor
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lorin A Ferris
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amanda K Riley
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | | | - Daria Timonina
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Rebecca S Heist
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - A John Iafrate
- Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Cyril H Benes
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jochen K Lennerz
- Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mari Mino-Kenudson
- Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Ted W Johnson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla, California
| | - Aaron N Hata
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, Massachusetts.
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alice T Shaw
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, Massachusetts.
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted W. Johnson
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., 10770 Science Center Drive, La Jolla, California 92121, United States
| | - Rebecca A. Gallego
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., 10770 Science Center Drive, La Jolla, California 92121, United States
| | - Martin P. Edwards
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., 10770 Science Center Drive, La Jolla, California 92121, United States
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17
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Gajiwala KS, Grodsky N, Bolaños B, Feng J, Ferre R, Timofeevski S, Xu M, Murray BW, Johnson TW, Stewart A. The Axl kinase domain in complex with a macrocyclic inhibitor offers first structural insights into an active TAM receptor kinase. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:15705-15716. [PMID: 28724631 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.771485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase family consisting of Tyro3, Axl, and Mer (TAM) is one of the most recently identified receptor tyrosine kinase families. TAM receptors are up-regulated postnatally and maintained at high levels in adults. They all play an important role in immunity, but Axl has also been implicated in cancer and therefore is a target in the discovery and development of novel therapeutics. However, of the three members of the TAM family, the Axl kinase domain is the only one that has so far eluded structure determination. To this end, using differential scanning fluorimetry and hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, we show here that a lower stability and greater dynamic nature of the Axl kinase domain may account for its poor crystallizability. We present the first structural characterization of the Axl kinase domain in complex with a small-molecule macrocyclic inhibitor. The Axl crystal structure revealed two distinct conformational states of the enzyme, providing a first glimpse of what an active TAM receptor kinase may look like and suggesting a potential role for the juxtamembrane region in enzyme activity. We noted that the ATP/inhibitor-binding sites of the TAM members closely resemble each other, posing a challenge for the design of a selective inhibitor. We propose that the differences in the conformational dynamics among the TAM family members could potentially be exploited to achieve inhibitor selectivity for targeted receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sergei Timofeevski
- Oncology Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Meirong Xu
- Oncology Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Brion W Murray
- Oncology Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, California 92121
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18
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Guan J, Tucker ER, Wan H, Chand D, Danielson LS, Ruuth K, El Wakil A, Witek B, Jamin Y, Umapathy G, Robinson SP, Johnson TW, Smeal T, Martinsson T, Chesler L, Palmer RH, Hallberg B. The ALK inhibitor PF-06463922 is effective as a single agent in neuroblastoma driven by expression of ALK and MYCN. Dis Model Mech 2016; 9:941-52. [PMID: 27483357 PMCID: PMC5047689 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.024448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The first-in-class inhibitor of ALK, c-MET and ROS1, crizotinib (Xalkori), has shown remarkable clinical efficacy in treatment of ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer. However, in neuroblastoma, activating mutations in the ALK kinase domain are typically refractory to crizotinib treatment, highlighting the need for more potent inhibitors. The next-generation ALK inhibitor PF-06463922 is predicted to exhibit increased affinity for ALK mutants prevalent in neuroblastoma. We examined PF-06463922 activity in ALK-driven neuroblastoma models in vitro and in vivo In vitro kinase assays and cell-based experiments examining ALK mutations of increasing potency show that PF-06463922 is an effective inhibitor of ALK with greater activity towards ALK neuroblastoma mutants. In contrast to crizotinib, single agent administration of PF-06463922 caused dramatic tumor inhibition in both subcutaneous and orthotopic xenografts as well as a mouse model of high-risk neuroblastoma driven by Th-ALK(F1174L)/MYCN Taken together, our results suggest PF-06463922 is a potent inhibitor of crizotinib-resistant ALK mutations, and highlights an important new treatment option for neuroblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Guan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - E R Tucker
- Division of Clinical Studies Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton SM2 5NG, UK
| | - H Wan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - D Chand
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - L S Danielson
- Division of Clinical Studies Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton SM2 5NG, UK
| | - K Ruuth
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden Department of Molecular Biology, Building 6L, Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden
| | - A El Wakil
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden Department of Molecular Biology, Building 6L, Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden
| | - B Witek
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden Department of Molecular Biology, Building 6L, Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden
| | - Y Jamin
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton SM2 5NG, UK
| | - G Umapathy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - S P Robinson
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton SM2 5NG, UK
| | - T W Johnson
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - T Smeal
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - T Martinsson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - L Chesler
- Division of Clinical Studies Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton SM2 5NG, UK
| | - R H Palmer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - B Hallberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden
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19
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Levin VA, Tonge PJ, Gallo JM, Birtwistle MR, Dar AC, Iavarone A, Paddison PJ, Heffron TP, Elmquist WF, Lachowicz JE, Johnson TW, White FM, Sul J, Smith QR, Shen W, Sarkaria JN, Samala R, Wen PY, Berry DA, Petter RC. CNS Anticancer Drug Discovery and Development Conference White Paper. Neuro Oncol 2016; 17 Suppl 6:vi1-26. [PMID: 26403167 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Following the first CNS Anticancer Drug Discovery and Development Conference, the speakers from the first 4 sessions and organizers of the conference created this White Paper hoping to stimulate more and better CNS anticancer drug discovery and development. The first part of the White Paper reviews, comments, and, in some cases, expands on the 4 session areas critical to new drug development: pharmacological challenges, recent drug approaches, drug targets and discovery, and clinical paths. Following this concise review of the science and clinical aspects of new CNS anticancer drug discovery and development, we discuss, under the rubric "Accelerating Drug Discovery and Development for Brain Tumors," further reasons why the pharmaceutical industry and academia have failed to develop new anticancer drugs for CNS malignancies and what it will take to change the current status quo and develop the drugs so desperately needed by our patients with malignant CNS tumors. While this White Paper is not a formal roadmap to that end, it should be an educational guide to clinicians and scientists to help move a stagnant field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor A Levin
- Kaiser Permanente, Redwood City, California, USA (V.A.L.); University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA (V.A.L.); University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA (V.A.L.); SUNY Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA (P.J.T.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA (J.M.G., M.R.B., A.C.D.); Columbia University Institute for Cancer Genetics, New York, NY, USA (A.I.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA (P.J.P.); Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA (T.P.H.); University of Minnesota School of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, USA (W.F.E.); Angiochem, Inc., Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.E.L.); Pfizer Oncology, San Diego, CA, USA (T.W.J.); Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA (F.M.W.); US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA (J.S.); Texas Tech University School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, USA (Q.R.S., R.S.); NewGen Therapeutics, Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA (W.S.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA (J.N.S.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA (P.Y.W.); University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA (D.A.B.); Celgene Avilomics Research, Bedford, MA, USA (R.C.P.)
| | - Peter J Tonge
- Kaiser Permanente, Redwood City, California, USA (V.A.L.); University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA (V.A.L.); University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA (V.A.L.); SUNY Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA (P.J.T.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA (J.M.G., M.R.B., A.C.D.); Columbia University Institute for Cancer Genetics, New York, NY, USA (A.I.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA (P.J.P.); Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA (T.P.H.); University of Minnesota School of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, USA (W.F.E.); Angiochem, Inc., Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.E.L.); Pfizer Oncology, San Diego, CA, USA (T.W.J.); Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA (F.M.W.); US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA (J.S.); Texas Tech University School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, USA (Q.R.S., R.S.); NewGen Therapeutics, Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA (W.S.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA (J.N.S.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA (P.Y.W.); University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA (D.A.B.); Celgene Avilomics Research, Bedford, MA, USA (R.C.P.)
| | - James M Gallo
- Kaiser Permanente, Redwood City, California, USA (V.A.L.); University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA (V.A.L.); University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA (V.A.L.); SUNY Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA (P.J.T.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA (J.M.G., M.R.B., A.C.D.); Columbia University Institute for Cancer Genetics, New York, NY, USA (A.I.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA (P.J.P.); Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA (T.P.H.); University of Minnesota School of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, USA (W.F.E.); Angiochem, Inc., Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.E.L.); Pfizer Oncology, San Diego, CA, USA (T.W.J.); Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA (F.M.W.); US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA (J.S.); Texas Tech University School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, USA (Q.R.S., R.S.); NewGen Therapeutics, Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA (W.S.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA (J.N.S.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA (P.Y.W.); University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA (D.A.B.); Celgene Avilomics Research, Bedford, MA, USA (R.C.P.)
| | - Marc R Birtwistle
- Kaiser Permanente, Redwood City, California, USA (V.A.L.); University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA (V.A.L.); University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA (V.A.L.); SUNY Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA (P.J.T.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA (J.M.G., M.R.B., A.C.D.); Columbia University Institute for Cancer Genetics, New York, NY, USA (A.I.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA (P.J.P.); Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA (T.P.H.); University of Minnesota School of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, USA (W.F.E.); Angiochem, Inc., Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.E.L.); Pfizer Oncology, San Diego, CA, USA (T.W.J.); Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA (F.M.W.); US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA (J.S.); Texas Tech University School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, USA (Q.R.S., R.S.); NewGen Therapeutics, Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA (W.S.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA (J.N.S.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA (P.Y.W.); University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA (D.A.B.); Celgene Avilomics Research, Bedford, MA, USA (R.C.P.)
| | - Arvin C Dar
- Kaiser Permanente, Redwood City, California, USA (V.A.L.); University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA (V.A.L.); University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA (V.A.L.); SUNY Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA (P.J.T.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA (J.M.G., M.R.B., A.C.D.); Columbia University Institute for Cancer Genetics, New York, NY, USA (A.I.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA (P.J.P.); Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA (T.P.H.); University of Minnesota School of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, USA (W.F.E.); Angiochem, Inc., Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.E.L.); Pfizer Oncology, San Diego, CA, USA (T.W.J.); Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA (F.M.W.); US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA (J.S.); Texas Tech University School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, USA (Q.R.S., R.S.); NewGen Therapeutics, Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA (W.S.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA (J.N.S.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA (P.Y.W.); University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA (D.A.B.); Celgene Avilomics Research, Bedford, MA, USA (R.C.P.)
| | - Antonio Iavarone
- Kaiser Permanente, Redwood City, California, USA (V.A.L.); University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA (V.A.L.); University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA (V.A.L.); SUNY Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA (P.J.T.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA (J.M.G., M.R.B., A.C.D.); Columbia University Institute for Cancer Genetics, New York, NY, USA (A.I.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA (P.J.P.); Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA (T.P.H.); University of Minnesota School of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, USA (W.F.E.); Angiochem, Inc., Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.E.L.); Pfizer Oncology, San Diego, CA, USA (T.W.J.); Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA (F.M.W.); US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA (J.S.); Texas Tech University School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, USA (Q.R.S., R.S.); NewGen Therapeutics, Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA (W.S.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA (J.N.S.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA (P.Y.W.); University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA (D.A.B.); Celgene Avilomics Research, Bedford, MA, USA (R.C.P.)
| | - Patrick J Paddison
- Kaiser Permanente, Redwood City, California, USA (V.A.L.); University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA (V.A.L.); University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA (V.A.L.); SUNY Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA (P.J.T.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA (J.M.G., M.R.B., A.C.D.); Columbia University Institute for Cancer Genetics, New York, NY, USA (A.I.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA (P.J.P.); Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA (T.P.H.); University of Minnesota School of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, USA (W.F.E.); Angiochem, Inc., Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.E.L.); Pfizer Oncology, San Diego, CA, USA (T.W.J.); Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA (F.M.W.); US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA (J.S.); Texas Tech University School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, USA (Q.R.S., R.S.); NewGen Therapeutics, Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA (W.S.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA (J.N.S.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA (P.Y.W.); University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA (D.A.B.); Celgene Avilomics Research, Bedford, MA, USA (R.C.P.)
| | - Timothy P Heffron
- Kaiser Permanente, Redwood City, California, USA (V.A.L.); University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA (V.A.L.); University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA (V.A.L.); SUNY Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA (P.J.T.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA (J.M.G., M.R.B., A.C.D.); Columbia University Institute for Cancer Genetics, New York, NY, USA (A.I.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA (P.J.P.); Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA (T.P.H.); University of Minnesota School of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, USA (W.F.E.); Angiochem, Inc., Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.E.L.); Pfizer Oncology, San Diego, CA, USA (T.W.J.); Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA (F.M.W.); US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA (J.S.); Texas Tech University School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, USA (Q.R.S., R.S.); NewGen Therapeutics, Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA (W.S.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA (J.N.S.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA (P.Y.W.); University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA (D.A.B.); Celgene Avilomics Research, Bedford, MA, USA (R.C.P.)
| | - William F Elmquist
- Kaiser Permanente, Redwood City, California, USA (V.A.L.); University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA (V.A.L.); University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA (V.A.L.); SUNY Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA (P.J.T.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA (J.M.G., M.R.B., A.C.D.); Columbia University Institute for Cancer Genetics, New York, NY, USA (A.I.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA (P.J.P.); Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA (T.P.H.); University of Minnesota School of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, USA (W.F.E.); Angiochem, Inc., Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.E.L.); Pfizer Oncology, San Diego, CA, USA (T.W.J.); Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA (F.M.W.); US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA (J.S.); Texas Tech University School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, USA (Q.R.S., R.S.); NewGen Therapeutics, Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA (W.S.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA (J.N.S.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA (P.Y.W.); University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA (D.A.B.); Celgene Avilomics Research, Bedford, MA, USA (R.C.P.)
| | - Jean E Lachowicz
- Kaiser Permanente, Redwood City, California, USA (V.A.L.); University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA (V.A.L.); University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA (V.A.L.); SUNY Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA (P.J.T.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA (J.M.G., M.R.B., A.C.D.); Columbia University Institute for Cancer Genetics, New York, NY, USA (A.I.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA (P.J.P.); Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA (T.P.H.); University of Minnesota School of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, USA (W.F.E.); Angiochem, Inc., Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.E.L.); Pfizer Oncology, San Diego, CA, USA (T.W.J.); Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA (F.M.W.); US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA (J.S.); Texas Tech University School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, USA (Q.R.S., R.S.); NewGen Therapeutics, Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA (W.S.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA (J.N.S.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA (P.Y.W.); University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA (D.A.B.); Celgene Avilomics Research, Bedford, MA, USA (R.C.P.)
| | - Ted W Johnson
- Kaiser Permanente, Redwood City, California, USA (V.A.L.); University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA (V.A.L.); University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA (V.A.L.); SUNY Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA (P.J.T.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA (J.M.G., M.R.B., A.C.D.); Columbia University Institute for Cancer Genetics, New York, NY, USA (A.I.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA (P.J.P.); Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA (T.P.H.); University of Minnesota School of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, USA (W.F.E.); Angiochem, Inc., Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.E.L.); Pfizer Oncology, San Diego, CA, USA (T.W.J.); Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA (F.M.W.); US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA (J.S.); Texas Tech University School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, USA (Q.R.S., R.S.); NewGen Therapeutics, Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA (W.S.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA (J.N.S.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA (P.Y.W.); University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA (D.A.B.); Celgene Avilomics Research, Bedford, MA, USA (R.C.P.)
| | - Forest M White
- Kaiser Permanente, Redwood City, California, USA (V.A.L.); University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA (V.A.L.); University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA (V.A.L.); SUNY Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA (P.J.T.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA (J.M.G., M.R.B., A.C.D.); Columbia University Institute for Cancer Genetics, New York, NY, USA (A.I.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA (P.J.P.); Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA (T.P.H.); University of Minnesota School of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, USA (W.F.E.); Angiochem, Inc., Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.E.L.); Pfizer Oncology, San Diego, CA, USA (T.W.J.); Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA (F.M.W.); US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA (J.S.); Texas Tech University School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, USA (Q.R.S., R.S.); NewGen Therapeutics, Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA (W.S.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA (J.N.S.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA (P.Y.W.); University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA (D.A.B.); Celgene Avilomics Research, Bedford, MA, USA (R.C.P.)
| | - Joohee Sul
- Kaiser Permanente, Redwood City, California, USA (V.A.L.); University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA (V.A.L.); University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA (V.A.L.); SUNY Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA (P.J.T.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA (J.M.G., M.R.B., A.C.D.); Columbia University Institute for Cancer Genetics, New York, NY, USA (A.I.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA (P.J.P.); Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA (T.P.H.); University of Minnesota School of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, USA (W.F.E.); Angiochem, Inc., Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.E.L.); Pfizer Oncology, San Diego, CA, USA (T.W.J.); Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA (F.M.W.); US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA (J.S.); Texas Tech University School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, USA (Q.R.S., R.S.); NewGen Therapeutics, Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA (W.S.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA (J.N.S.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA (P.Y.W.); University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA (D.A.B.); Celgene Avilomics Research, Bedford, MA, USA (R.C.P.)
| | - Quentin R Smith
- Kaiser Permanente, Redwood City, California, USA (V.A.L.); University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA (V.A.L.); University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA (V.A.L.); SUNY Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA (P.J.T.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA (J.M.G., M.R.B., A.C.D.); Columbia University Institute for Cancer Genetics, New York, NY, USA (A.I.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA (P.J.P.); Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA (T.P.H.); University of Minnesota School of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, USA (W.F.E.); Angiochem, Inc., Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.E.L.); Pfizer Oncology, San Diego, CA, USA (T.W.J.); Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA (F.M.W.); US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA (J.S.); Texas Tech University School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, USA (Q.R.S., R.S.); NewGen Therapeutics, Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA (W.S.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA (J.N.S.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA (P.Y.W.); University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA (D.A.B.); Celgene Avilomics Research, Bedford, MA, USA (R.C.P.)
| | - Wang Shen
- Kaiser Permanente, Redwood City, California, USA (V.A.L.); University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA (V.A.L.); University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA (V.A.L.); SUNY Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA (P.J.T.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA (J.M.G., M.R.B., A.C.D.); Columbia University Institute for Cancer Genetics, New York, NY, USA (A.I.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA (P.J.P.); Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA (T.P.H.); University of Minnesota School of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, USA (W.F.E.); Angiochem, Inc., Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.E.L.); Pfizer Oncology, San Diego, CA, USA (T.W.J.); Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA (F.M.W.); US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA (J.S.); Texas Tech University School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, USA (Q.R.S., R.S.); NewGen Therapeutics, Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA (W.S.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA (J.N.S.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA (P.Y.W.); University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA (D.A.B.); Celgene Avilomics Research, Bedford, MA, USA (R.C.P.)
| | - Jann N Sarkaria
- Kaiser Permanente, Redwood City, California, USA (V.A.L.); University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA (V.A.L.); University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA (V.A.L.); SUNY Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA (P.J.T.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA (J.M.G., M.R.B., A.C.D.); Columbia University Institute for Cancer Genetics, New York, NY, USA (A.I.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA (P.J.P.); Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA (T.P.H.); University of Minnesota School of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, USA (W.F.E.); Angiochem, Inc., Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.E.L.); Pfizer Oncology, San Diego, CA, USA (T.W.J.); Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA (F.M.W.); US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA (J.S.); Texas Tech University School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, USA (Q.R.S., R.S.); NewGen Therapeutics, Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA (W.S.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA (J.N.S.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA (P.Y.W.); University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA (D.A.B.); Celgene Avilomics Research, Bedford, MA, USA (R.C.P.)
| | - Ramakrishna Samala
- Kaiser Permanente, Redwood City, California, USA (V.A.L.); University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA (V.A.L.); University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA (V.A.L.); SUNY Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA (P.J.T.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA (J.M.G., M.R.B., A.C.D.); Columbia University Institute for Cancer Genetics, New York, NY, USA (A.I.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA (P.J.P.); Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA (T.P.H.); University of Minnesota School of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, USA (W.F.E.); Angiochem, Inc., Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.E.L.); Pfizer Oncology, San Diego, CA, USA (T.W.J.); Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA (F.M.W.); US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA (J.S.); Texas Tech University School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, USA (Q.R.S., R.S.); NewGen Therapeutics, Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA (W.S.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA (J.N.S.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA (P.Y.W.); University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA (D.A.B.); Celgene Avilomics Research, Bedford, MA, USA (R.C.P.)
| | - Patrick Y Wen
- Kaiser Permanente, Redwood City, California, USA (V.A.L.); University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA (V.A.L.); University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA (V.A.L.); SUNY Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA (P.J.T.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA (J.M.G., M.R.B., A.C.D.); Columbia University Institute for Cancer Genetics, New York, NY, USA (A.I.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA (P.J.P.); Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA (T.P.H.); University of Minnesota School of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, USA (W.F.E.); Angiochem, Inc., Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.E.L.); Pfizer Oncology, San Diego, CA, USA (T.W.J.); Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA (F.M.W.); US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA (J.S.); Texas Tech University School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, USA (Q.R.S., R.S.); NewGen Therapeutics, Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA (W.S.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA (J.N.S.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA (P.Y.W.); University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA (D.A.B.); Celgene Avilomics Research, Bedford, MA, USA (R.C.P.)
| | - Donald A Berry
- Kaiser Permanente, Redwood City, California, USA (V.A.L.); University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA (V.A.L.); University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA (V.A.L.); SUNY Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA (P.J.T.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA (J.M.G., M.R.B., A.C.D.); Columbia University Institute for Cancer Genetics, New York, NY, USA (A.I.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA (P.J.P.); Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA (T.P.H.); University of Minnesota School of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, USA (W.F.E.); Angiochem, Inc., Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.E.L.); Pfizer Oncology, San Diego, CA, USA (T.W.J.); Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA (F.M.W.); US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA (J.S.); Texas Tech University School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, USA (Q.R.S., R.S.); NewGen Therapeutics, Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA (W.S.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA (J.N.S.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA (P.Y.W.); University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA (D.A.B.); Celgene Avilomics Research, Bedford, MA, USA (R.C.P.)
| | - Russell C Petter
- Kaiser Permanente, Redwood City, California, USA (V.A.L.); University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA (V.A.L.); University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA (V.A.L.); SUNY Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA (P.J.T.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA (J.M.G., M.R.B., A.C.D.); Columbia University Institute for Cancer Genetics, New York, NY, USA (A.I.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA (P.J.P.); Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA (T.P.H.); University of Minnesota School of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, USA (W.F.E.); Angiochem, Inc., Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.E.L.); Pfizer Oncology, San Diego, CA, USA (T.W.J.); Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA (F.M.W.); US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA (J.S.); Texas Tech University School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, USA (Q.R.S., R.S.); NewGen Therapeutics, Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA (W.S.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA (J.N.S.); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA (P.Y.W.); University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA (D.A.B.); Celgene Avilomics Research, Bedford, MA, USA (R.C.P.)
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Elleraas J, Ewanicki J, Johnson TW, Sach NW, Collins MR, Richardson PF. Conformational Studies and Atropisomerism Kinetics of the ALK Clinical Candidate Lorlatinib (PF-06463922) and Desmethyl Congeners. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:3590-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201509240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Elleraas
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry; Pfizer, La Jolla; 10770 Science Center Drive San Diego CA 92121 USA
| | - Jason Ewanicki
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry; Pfizer, La Jolla; 10770 Science Center Drive San Diego CA 92121 USA
| | - Ted W. Johnson
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry; Pfizer, La Jolla; 10770 Science Center Drive San Diego CA 92121 USA
| | - Neal W. Sach
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry; Pfizer, La Jolla; 10770 Science Center Drive San Diego CA 92121 USA
| | - Michael R. Collins
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry; Pfizer, La Jolla; 10770 Science Center Drive San Diego CA 92121 USA
| | - Paul F. Richardson
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry; Pfizer, La Jolla; 10770 Science Center Drive San Diego CA 92121 USA
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Elleraas J, Ewanicki J, Johnson TW, Sach NW, Collins MR, Richardson PF. Conformational Studies and Atropisomerism Kinetics of the ALK Clinical Candidate Lorlatinib (PF-06463922) and Desmethyl Congeners. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201509240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Elleraas
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry; Pfizer, La Jolla; 10770 Science Center Drive San Diego CA 92121 USA
| | - Jason Ewanicki
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry; Pfizer, La Jolla; 10770 Science Center Drive San Diego CA 92121 USA
| | - Ted W. Johnson
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry; Pfizer, La Jolla; 10770 Science Center Drive San Diego CA 92121 USA
| | - Neal W. Sach
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry; Pfizer, La Jolla; 10770 Science Center Drive San Diego CA 92121 USA
| | - Michael R. Collins
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry; Pfizer, La Jolla; 10770 Science Center Drive San Diego CA 92121 USA
| | - Paul F. Richardson
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry; Pfizer, La Jolla; 10770 Science Center Drive San Diego CA 92121 USA
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Shaw AT, Friboulet L, Leshchiner I, Gainor JF, Bergqvist S, Brooun A, Burke BJ, Deng YL, Liu W, Dardaei L, Frias RL, Schultz KR, Logan J, James LP, Smeal T, Timofeevski S, Katayama R, Iafrate AJ, Le L, McTigue M, Getz G, Johnson TW, Engelman JA. Resensitization to Crizotinib by the Lorlatinib ALK Resistance Mutation L1198F. N Engl J Med 2016; 374:54-61. [PMID: 26698910 PMCID: PMC4773904 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1508887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In a patient who had metastatic anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-rearranged lung cancer, resistance to crizotinib developed because of a mutation in the ALK kinase domain. This mutation is predicted to result in a substitution of cysteine by tyrosine at amino acid residue 1156 (C1156Y). Her tumor did not respond to a second-generation ALK inhibitor, but it did respond to lorlatinib (PF-06463922), a third-generation inhibitor. When her tumor relapsed, sequencing of the resistant tumor revealed an ALK L1198F mutation in addition to the C1156Y mutation. The L1198F substitution confers resistance to lorlatinib through steric interference with drug binding. However, L1198F paradoxically enhances binding to crizotinib, negating the effect of C1156Y and resensitizing resistant cancers to crizotinib. The patient received crizotinib again, and her cancer-related symptoms and liver failure resolved. (Funded by Pfizer and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01970865.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice T Shaw
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center (A.T.S., L.F., J.F.G., L.D., R.L.F., K.R.S., J.L., G.G., J.A.E.) and the Department of Pathology (A.J.I., L.L., G.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, and the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (I.L., G.G.) - all in Massachusetts; Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla, CA (S.B., A.B., B.J.B., Y.-L.D., W.L., L.P.J., T.S., S.T., M.M., T.W.J.); and the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo (R.K.)
| | - Luc Friboulet
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center (A.T.S., L.F., J.F.G., L.D., R.L.F., K.R.S., J.L., G.G., J.A.E.) and the Department of Pathology (A.J.I., L.L., G.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, and the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (I.L., G.G.) - all in Massachusetts; Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla, CA (S.B., A.B., B.J.B., Y.-L.D., W.L., L.P.J., T.S., S.T., M.M., T.W.J.); and the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo (R.K.)
| | - Ignaty Leshchiner
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center (A.T.S., L.F., J.F.G., L.D., R.L.F., K.R.S., J.L., G.G., J.A.E.) and the Department of Pathology (A.J.I., L.L., G.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, and the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (I.L., G.G.) - all in Massachusetts; Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla, CA (S.B., A.B., B.J.B., Y.-L.D., W.L., L.P.J., T.S., S.T., M.M., T.W.J.); and the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo (R.K.)
| | - Justin F Gainor
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center (A.T.S., L.F., J.F.G., L.D., R.L.F., K.R.S., J.L., G.G., J.A.E.) and the Department of Pathology (A.J.I., L.L., G.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, and the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (I.L., G.G.) - all in Massachusetts; Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla, CA (S.B., A.B., B.J.B., Y.-L.D., W.L., L.P.J., T.S., S.T., M.M., T.W.J.); and the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo (R.K.)
| | - Simon Bergqvist
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center (A.T.S., L.F., J.F.G., L.D., R.L.F., K.R.S., J.L., G.G., J.A.E.) and the Department of Pathology (A.J.I., L.L., G.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, and the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (I.L., G.G.) - all in Massachusetts; Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla, CA (S.B., A.B., B.J.B., Y.-L.D., W.L., L.P.J., T.S., S.T., M.M., T.W.J.); and the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo (R.K.)
| | - Alexei Brooun
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center (A.T.S., L.F., J.F.G., L.D., R.L.F., K.R.S., J.L., G.G., J.A.E.) and the Department of Pathology (A.J.I., L.L., G.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, and the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (I.L., G.G.) - all in Massachusetts; Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla, CA (S.B., A.B., B.J.B., Y.-L.D., W.L., L.P.J., T.S., S.T., M.M., T.W.J.); and the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo (R.K.)
| | - Benjamin J Burke
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center (A.T.S., L.F., J.F.G., L.D., R.L.F., K.R.S., J.L., G.G., J.A.E.) and the Department of Pathology (A.J.I., L.L., G.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, and the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (I.L., G.G.) - all in Massachusetts; Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla, CA (S.B., A.B., B.J.B., Y.-L.D., W.L., L.P.J., T.S., S.T., M.M., T.W.J.); and the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo (R.K.)
| | - Ya-Li Deng
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center (A.T.S., L.F., J.F.G., L.D., R.L.F., K.R.S., J.L., G.G., J.A.E.) and the Department of Pathology (A.J.I., L.L., G.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, and the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (I.L., G.G.) - all in Massachusetts; Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla, CA (S.B., A.B., B.J.B., Y.-L.D., W.L., L.P.J., T.S., S.T., M.M., T.W.J.); and the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo (R.K.)
| | - Wei Liu
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center (A.T.S., L.F., J.F.G., L.D., R.L.F., K.R.S., J.L., G.G., J.A.E.) and the Department of Pathology (A.J.I., L.L., G.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, and the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (I.L., G.G.) - all in Massachusetts; Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla, CA (S.B., A.B., B.J.B., Y.-L.D., W.L., L.P.J., T.S., S.T., M.M., T.W.J.); and the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo (R.K.)
| | - Leila Dardaei
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center (A.T.S., L.F., J.F.G., L.D., R.L.F., K.R.S., J.L., G.G., J.A.E.) and the Department of Pathology (A.J.I., L.L., G.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, and the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (I.L., G.G.) - all in Massachusetts; Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla, CA (S.B., A.B., B.J.B., Y.-L.D., W.L., L.P.J., T.S., S.T., M.M., T.W.J.); and the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo (R.K.)
| | - Rosa L Frias
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center (A.T.S., L.F., J.F.G., L.D., R.L.F., K.R.S., J.L., G.G., J.A.E.) and the Department of Pathology (A.J.I., L.L., G.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, and the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (I.L., G.G.) - all in Massachusetts; Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla, CA (S.B., A.B., B.J.B., Y.-L.D., W.L., L.P.J., T.S., S.T., M.M., T.W.J.); and the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo (R.K.)
| | - Kate R Schultz
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center (A.T.S., L.F., J.F.G., L.D., R.L.F., K.R.S., J.L., G.G., J.A.E.) and the Department of Pathology (A.J.I., L.L., G.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, and the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (I.L., G.G.) - all in Massachusetts; Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla, CA (S.B., A.B., B.J.B., Y.-L.D., W.L., L.P.J., T.S., S.T., M.M., T.W.J.); and the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo (R.K.)
| | - Jennifer Logan
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center (A.T.S., L.F., J.F.G., L.D., R.L.F., K.R.S., J.L., G.G., J.A.E.) and the Department of Pathology (A.J.I., L.L., G.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, and the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (I.L., G.G.) - all in Massachusetts; Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla, CA (S.B., A.B., B.J.B., Y.-L.D., W.L., L.P.J., T.S., S.T., M.M., T.W.J.); and the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo (R.K.)
| | - Leonard P James
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center (A.T.S., L.F., J.F.G., L.D., R.L.F., K.R.S., J.L., G.G., J.A.E.) and the Department of Pathology (A.J.I., L.L., G.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, and the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (I.L., G.G.) - all in Massachusetts; Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla, CA (S.B., A.B., B.J.B., Y.-L.D., W.L., L.P.J., T.S., S.T., M.M., T.W.J.); and the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo (R.K.)
| | - Tod Smeal
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center (A.T.S., L.F., J.F.G., L.D., R.L.F., K.R.S., J.L., G.G., J.A.E.) and the Department of Pathology (A.J.I., L.L., G.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, and the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (I.L., G.G.) - all in Massachusetts; Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla, CA (S.B., A.B., B.J.B., Y.-L.D., W.L., L.P.J., T.S., S.T., M.M., T.W.J.); and the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo (R.K.)
| | - Sergei Timofeevski
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center (A.T.S., L.F., J.F.G., L.D., R.L.F., K.R.S., J.L., G.G., J.A.E.) and the Department of Pathology (A.J.I., L.L., G.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, and the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (I.L., G.G.) - all in Massachusetts; Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla, CA (S.B., A.B., B.J.B., Y.-L.D., W.L., L.P.J., T.S., S.T., M.M., T.W.J.); and the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo (R.K.)
| | - Ryohei Katayama
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center (A.T.S., L.F., J.F.G., L.D., R.L.F., K.R.S., J.L., G.G., J.A.E.) and the Department of Pathology (A.J.I., L.L., G.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, and the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (I.L., G.G.) - all in Massachusetts; Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla, CA (S.B., A.B., B.J.B., Y.-L.D., W.L., L.P.J., T.S., S.T., M.M., T.W.J.); and the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo (R.K.)
| | - A John Iafrate
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center (A.T.S., L.F., J.F.G., L.D., R.L.F., K.R.S., J.L., G.G., J.A.E.) and the Department of Pathology (A.J.I., L.L., G.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, and the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (I.L., G.G.) - all in Massachusetts; Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla, CA (S.B., A.B., B.J.B., Y.-L.D., W.L., L.P.J., T.S., S.T., M.M., T.W.J.); and the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo (R.K.)
| | - Long Le
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center (A.T.S., L.F., J.F.G., L.D., R.L.F., K.R.S., J.L., G.G., J.A.E.) and the Department of Pathology (A.J.I., L.L., G.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, and the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (I.L., G.G.) - all in Massachusetts; Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla, CA (S.B., A.B., B.J.B., Y.-L.D., W.L., L.P.J., T.S., S.T., M.M., T.W.J.); and the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo (R.K.)
| | - Michele McTigue
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center (A.T.S., L.F., J.F.G., L.D., R.L.F., K.R.S., J.L., G.G., J.A.E.) and the Department of Pathology (A.J.I., L.L., G.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, and the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (I.L., G.G.) - all in Massachusetts; Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla, CA (S.B., A.B., B.J.B., Y.-L.D., W.L., L.P.J., T.S., S.T., M.M., T.W.J.); and the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo (R.K.)
| | - Gad Getz
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center (A.T.S., L.F., J.F.G., L.D., R.L.F., K.R.S., J.L., G.G., J.A.E.) and the Department of Pathology (A.J.I., L.L., G.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, and the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (I.L., G.G.) - all in Massachusetts; Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla, CA (S.B., A.B., B.J.B., Y.-L.D., W.L., L.P.J., T.S., S.T., M.M., T.W.J.); and the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo (R.K.)
| | - Ted W Johnson
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center (A.T.S., L.F., J.F.G., L.D., R.L.F., K.R.S., J.L., G.G., J.A.E.) and the Department of Pathology (A.J.I., L.L., G.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, and the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (I.L., G.G.) - all in Massachusetts; Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla, CA (S.B., A.B., B.J.B., Y.-L.D., W.L., L.P.J., T.S., S.T., M.M., T.W.J.); and the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo (R.K.)
| | - Jeffrey A Engelman
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center (A.T.S., L.F., J.F.G., L.D., R.L.F., K.R.S., J.L., G.G., J.A.E.) and the Department of Pathology (A.J.I., L.L., G.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, and the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (I.L., G.G.) - all in Massachusetts; Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla, CA (S.B., A.B., B.J.B., Y.-L.D., W.L., L.P.J., T.S., S.T., M.M., T.W.J.); and the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo (R.K.)
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Frontera A, Johnson TW, Thomas G, Duncan E. Transcoronary ethanol ablation for incessant ventricular tachycardia: a salvage technique when faced with left ventricular thrombus. Neth Heart J 2015; 23:555-6. [PMID: 26353765 PMCID: PMC4608922 DOI: 10.1007/s12471-015-0746-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Frontera
- Bristol Heart Institute, University Hospitals of Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, BS2 8HW, Bristol, UK.
| | - T W Johnson
- Bristol Heart Institute, University Hospitals of Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, BS2 8HW, Bristol, UK
| | - G Thomas
- Bristol Heart Institute, University Hospitals of Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, BS2 8HW, Bristol, UK
| | - E Duncan
- Bristol Heart Institute, University Hospitals of Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, BS2 8HW, Bristol, UK
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Friboulet L, Zou H, Kodack DP, Engstrom LD, Li Q, West M, Tang RW, Wang H, Tsaparikos K, Wang J, Timofeevski S, Dinh DM, Lam H, Lam JL, Yamazaki S, Hu W, Patel B, Bezwada D, Mahmood S, Lifshits E, Affolter T, Lappin PB, Gukasyan H, Lee N, Deng S, Jain RK, Johnson TW, Shaw AT, Fantin VR, Smeal T. Abstract 130: PF-06463922, a novel next generation ALK/ROS1 inhibitor, overcomes resistance to 1st and 2nd generation ALK inhibitors in pre-clinical models. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Overcoming resistance to targeted kinase inhibitors is a major clinical challenge in oncology.
For 1st and 2nd generation ALK inhibitors acquired resistance due to ALK kinase domain mutations and/or pharmacological drug resistance are major causes for disease relapse. Here, we report the preclinical evaluation of PF-06463922, a potent and brain penetrant ALK/ROS1 inhibitor with sub to low nanomolar cell potency against ALK fusions and all known clinically-acquired resistant mutations. PF-06463922 exhibited marked cytoreductive activity in tumor xenografts driven by various ALK mutants. Furthermore, PF-06463922 led to significant regression of EML4-ALK driven lung cancer brain metastasis and prolonged mouse survival. Compared to other clinically available ALK inhibitors, PF-06463922 is unique in its superior potency against a broad spectrum of acquired ALK mutations, including the highly resistant G1202R mutant and its robust antitumor activity in the brain. Furthermore, PF-06463922 demonstrated remarkable selectivity and safety margins in a variety of preclinical studies. These results suggest that PF-06463922 may be highly effective for the treatment of patients with ALK-driven lung cancers, including those who relapsed on clinically available ALK inhibitors due to ALK secondary mutations and/or brain metastases.
Citation Format: Luc Friboulet, Helen Zou, David P. Kodack, Lars D. Engstrom, Qiuhua Li, Melissa West, Ruth W. Tang, Hui Wang, Konstantinos Tsaparikos, Jinwei Wang, Sergei Timofeevski, Dac M. Dinh, Hieu Lam, Justine L. Lam, Shinji Yamazaki, Wenyue Hu, Bhushankumar Patel, Divya Bezwada, Sidra Mahmood, Eugene Lifshits, Timothy Affolter, Patrick B. Lappin, Hovhannes Gukasyan, Nathan Lee, Shibing Deng, Rakesh K. Jain, Ted W. Johnson, Alice T. Shaw, Valeria R. Fantin, Tod Smeal. PF-06463922, a novel next generation ALK/ROS1 inhibitor, overcomes resistance to 1st and 2nd generation ALK inhibitors in pre-clinical models. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 130. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-130
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Friboulet
- 1MGH Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Helen Zou
- 2Pfizer World Wide Research and Development, Sand Diego, CA
| | - David P. Kodack
- 3Edwin L. Steele Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, MGH, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | | | - Qiuhua Li
- 2Pfizer World Wide Research and Development, Sand Diego, CA
| | - Melissa West
- 2Pfizer World Wide Research and Development, Sand Diego, CA
| | - Ruth W. Tang
- 2Pfizer World Wide Research and Development, Sand Diego, CA
| | - Hui Wang
- 2Pfizer World Wide Research and Development, Sand Diego, CA
| | | | - Jinwei Wang
- 2Pfizer World Wide Research and Development, Sand Diego, CA
| | | | - Dac M. Dinh
- 2Pfizer World Wide Research and Development, Sand Diego, CA
| | - Hieu Lam
- 2Pfizer World Wide Research and Development, Sand Diego, CA
| | - Justine L. Lam
- 2Pfizer World Wide Research and Development, Sand Diego, CA
| | | | - Wenyue Hu
- 2Pfizer World Wide Research and Development, Sand Diego, CA
| | - Bhushankumar Patel
- 3Edwin L. Steele Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, MGH, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Divya Bezwada
- 3Edwin L. Steele Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, MGH, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Sidra Mahmood
- 1MGH Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Eugene Lifshits
- 1MGH Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | | | | | | | - Nathan Lee
- 2Pfizer World Wide Research and Development, Sand Diego, CA
| | - Shibing Deng
- 2Pfizer World Wide Research and Development, Sand Diego, CA
| | - Rakesh K. Jain
- 3Edwin L. Steele Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, MGH, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Ted W. Johnson
- 2Pfizer World Wide Research and Development, Sand Diego, CA
| | - Alice T. Shaw
- 1MGH Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | | | - Tod Smeal
- 2Pfizer World Wide Research and Development, Sand Diego, CA
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Zou HY, Friboulet L, Kodack DP, Engstrom LD, Li Q, West M, Tang RW, Wang H, Tsaparikos K, Wang J, Timofeevski S, Katayama R, Dinh DM, Lam H, Lam JL, Yamazaki S, Hu W, Patel B, Bezwada D, Frias RL, Lifshits E, Mahmood S, Gainor JF, Affolter T, Lappin PB, Gukasyan H, Lee N, Deng S, Jain RK, Johnson TW, Shaw AT, Fantin VR, Smeal T. PF-06463922, an ALK/ROS1 Inhibitor, Overcomes Resistance to First and Second Generation ALK Inhibitors in Preclinical Models. Cancer Cell 2015; 28:70-81. [PMID: 26144315 PMCID: PMC4504786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We report the preclinical evaluation of PF-06463922, a potent and brain-penetrant ALK/ROS1 inhibitor. Compared with other clinically available ALK inhibitors, PF-06463922 displayed superior potency against all known clinically acquired ALK mutations, including the highly resistant G1202R mutant. Furthermore, PF-06463922 treatment led to regression of EML4-ALK-driven brain metastases, leading to prolonged mouse survival, in a superior manner. Finally, PF-06463922 demonstrated high selectivity and safety margins in a variety of preclinical studies. These results suggest that PF-06463922 will be highly effective for the treatment of patients with ALK-driven lung cancers, including those who relapsed on clinically available ALK inhibitors because of secondary ALK kinase domain mutations and/or brain metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Y Zou
- Pfizer World Wide Research and Development, 10724 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Luc Friboulet
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - David P Kodack
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Edwin L. Steele Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lars D Engstrom
- Pfizer World Wide Research and Development, 10724 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Qiuhua Li
- Pfizer World Wide Research and Development, 10724 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Melissa West
- Pfizer World Wide Research and Development, 10724 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Ruth W Tang
- Pfizer World Wide Research and Development, 10724 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Pfizer World Wide Research and Development, 10724 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Konstantinos Tsaparikos
- Pfizer World Wide Research and Development, 10724 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Jinwei Wang
- Pfizer World Wide Research and Development, 10724 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Sergei Timofeevski
- Pfizer World Wide Research and Development, 10724 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Ryohei Katayama
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Dac M Dinh
- Pfizer World Wide Research and Development, 10724 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Hieu Lam
- Pfizer World Wide Research and Development, 10724 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Justine L Lam
- Pfizer World Wide Research and Development, 10724 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Shinji Yamazaki
- Pfizer World Wide Research and Development, 10724 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Wenyue Hu
- Pfizer World Wide Research and Development, 10724 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Bhushankumar Patel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Edwin L. Steele Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Divya Bezwada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Edwin L. Steele Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Rosa L Frias
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Eugene Lifshits
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sidra Mahmood
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Justin F Gainor
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Timothy Affolter
- Pfizer World Wide Research and Development, 10724 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Patrick B Lappin
- Pfizer World Wide Research and Development, 10724 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Hovhannes Gukasyan
- Pfizer World Wide Research and Development, 10724 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Nathan Lee
- Pfizer World Wide Research and Development, 10724 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Shibing Deng
- Pfizer World Wide Research and Development, 10724 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Rakesh K Jain
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Edwin L. Steele Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ted W Johnson
- Pfizer World Wide Research and Development, 10724 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Alice T Shaw
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Valeria R Fantin
- Pfizer World Wide Research and Development, 10724 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Tod Smeal
- Pfizer World Wide Research and Development, 10724 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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Johnson TW, Richardson PF, Bailey S, Brooun A, Burke BJ, Collins MR, Cui JJ, Deal JG, Deng YL, Dinh D, Engstrom LD, He M, Hoffman J, Hoffman RL, Huang Q, Kania RS, Kath JC, Lam H, Lam JL, Le PT, Lingardo L, Liu W, McTigue M, Palmer CL, Sach NW, Smeal T, Smith GL, Stewart AE, Timofeevski S, Zhu H, Zhu J, Zou HY, Edwards MP. Discovery of (10R)-7-Amino-12-fluoro-2,10,16-trimethyl-15-oxo-10,15,16,17-tetrahydro-2H-8,4-(metheno)pyrazolo[4,3-h][2,5,11]-benzoxadiazacyclotetradecine-3-carbonitrile (PF-06463922), a Macrocyclic Inhibitor of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) and c-ros Oncogene 1 (ROS1) with Preclinical Brain Exposure and Broad-Spectrum Potency against ALK-Resistant Mutations. J Med Chem 2014; 57:4720-44. [DOI: 10.1021/jm500261q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ted W. Johnson
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Paul F. Richardson
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Simon Bailey
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Alexei Brooun
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Benjamin J. Burke
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Michael R. Collins
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - J. Jean Cui
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Judith G. Deal
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Ya-Li Deng
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Dac Dinh
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Lars D. Engstrom
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Mingying He
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jacqui Hoffman
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Robert L. Hoffman
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Qinhua Huang
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Robert S. Kania
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - John C. Kath
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Hieu Lam
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Justine L. Lam
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Phuong T. Le
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Laura Lingardo
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Wei Liu
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Michele McTigue
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Cynthia L. Palmer
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Neal W. Sach
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Tod Smeal
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Graham L. Smith
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Albert E. Stewart
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Sergei Timofeevski
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Huichun Zhu
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jinjiang Zhu
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Helen Y. Zou
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Martin P. Edwards
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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Huang Q, Johnson TW, Bailey S, Brooun A, Bunker KD, Burke BJ, Collins MR, Cook AS, Cui JJ, Dack KN, Deal JG, Deng YL, Dinh D, Engstrom LD, He M, Hoffman J, Hoffman RL, Johnson PS, Kania RS, Lam H, Lam JL, Le PT, Li Q, Lingardo L, Liu W, Lu MW, McTigue M, Palmer CL, Richardson PF, Sach NW, Shen H, Smeal T, Smith GL, Stewart AE, Timofeevski S, Tsaparikos K, Wang H, Zhu H, Zhu J, Zou HY, Edwards MP. Design of Potent and Selective Inhibitors to Overcome Clinical Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Mutations Resistant to Crizotinib. J Med Chem 2014; 57:1170-87. [DOI: 10.1021/jm401805h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinhua Huang
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Ted W. Johnson
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Simon Bailey
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Alexei Brooun
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Kevin D. Bunker
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Benjamin J. Burke
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Michael R. Collins
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Andrew S. Cook
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - J. Jean Cui
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Kevin N. Dack
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Judith G. Deal
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Ya-Li Deng
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Dac Dinh
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Lars D. Engstrom
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Mingying He
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jacqui Hoffman
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Robert L. Hoffman
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Patrick S. Johnson
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Robert S. Kania
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Hieu Lam
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Justine L. Lam
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Phuong T. Le
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Qiuhua Li
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Laura Lingardo
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Wei Liu
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Melissa West Lu
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Michele McTigue
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Cynthia L. Palmer
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Paul F. Richardson
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Neal W. Sach
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Hong Shen
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Tod Smeal
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Graham L. Smith
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Albert E. Stewart
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Sergei Timofeevski
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Konstantinos Tsaparikos
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Hui Wang
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Huichun Zhu
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jinjiang Zhu
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Helen Y. Zou
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Martin P. Edwards
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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Johnson TW, Bailey S, Burke BJ, Collins MR, Cui JJ, Deal J, Deng YL, Edwards MP, He M, Hoffman J, Hoffman RL, Huang Q, Kania RS, Le P, McTigue M, Palmer CL, Richardson PF, Sach NW, Smith GL, Engstrom L, Hu W, Lam H, Lam JL, Smeal T, Zou HY. Abstract PR10: Is CNS availability for oncology a no-brainer? Discovery of PF-06463922, a novel small molecule inhibitor of ALK/ROS1 with preclinical brain availability and broad spectrum potency against ALK-resistant mutations. Mol Cancer Ther 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.targ-13-pr10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Oncogenic fusions of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) define a subset of human lung adenocarcinoma. The 1st generation ALK inhibitor crizotinib demonstrated impressive clinical benefit in ALK-fusion positive lung cancers and was approved by the FDA for the treatment of ALK-fusion positive NSCLC in 2011. However, as seen with most kinase inhibitors, patients treated with crizotinib eventually develop resistance to therapy. Acquired ALK kinase domain mutations and disease progression in the central nervous system (CNS) are reported as main contributors to patient relapse after ALK inhibitor therapy. Preclinically, crizotinib lacks significant brain penetration and does not potently inhibit activity of ALK kinase domain mutants, so a drug discovery program was initiated aimed to develop a second generation ALK inhibitor that is more potent than existing ALK inhibitors, capable of inhibiting the resistant ALK mutants and penetrating the blood-brain-barrier. These objectives present a considerable challenge in kinase inhibitor chemical space. Here we report that PF-06463922, a novel small molecule ATP-competitive inhibitor of ALK/ROS1, showed exquisite potencies against non-mutant ALK (Ki <0.2 nM; cell IC50 ∼2 nM) and ROS1 kinase (Ki <0.005 nM; cell IC50 ∼0.2 nM), and demonstrated low nanomolar inhibitory activity against a panel of ALK kinase domain mutants representing all of the patient crizotinib resistant mutations reported to date. The more commonly reported L1196M gatekeeper mutant shows significant sensitivity to PF-06463922 (Ki 0.7 nM; cell IC50 16 nM). PF-06463922 is also very selective, and showed >100 fold kinase selectivity against 95% of the kinases tested in a 207 recombinant kinase panel. Specific design considerations were developed leading to novel ATP-competitive kinase inhibitors with desired low efflux in cell lines over-expressing p-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein, providing excellent blood-brain-barrier and cell penetration properties. Efforts to optimize ligand efficiency and lipophilic efficiency leveraging structure based drug design techniques led to ligands with overlapping broad spectrum potency and low efflux. Single and repeat dose preclinical rat in vivo studies of PF-06463922 demonstrated excellent oral bioavailability and CNS availability with free brain exposure approximately 30% of free plasma levels. In addition, CNS-directed safety studies showed no adverse events at predicted efficacious concentrations. It is anticipated that PF-06463922 with its potent activities on non-mutant ALK, ALK kinase domain mutations and CNS metastases would provide great promise for patients with ALK and ROS1 positive cancers.
Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):PR10.
Citation Format: Ted W. Johnson, Simon Bailey, Benjamin J. Burke, Michael R. Collins, J. Jean Cui, Judy Deal, Ya-Li Deng, Martin P. Edwards, Mingying He, Jacqui Hoffman, Robert L. Hoffman, Qinhua Huang, Robert S. Kania, Phuong Le, Michele McTigue, Cynthia L. Palmer, Paul F. Richardson, Neal W. Sach, Graham L. Smith, Lars Engstrom, Wenyue Hu, Hieu Lam, Justine L. Lam, Tod Smeal, Helen Y. Zou. Is CNS availability for oncology a no-brainer? Discovery of PF-06463922, a novel small molecule inhibitor of ALK/ROS1 with preclinical brain availability and broad spectrum potency against ALK-resistant mutations. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2013 Oct 19-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr PR10.
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Cheng H, Li C, Bailey S, Baxi SM, Goulet L, Guo L, Hoffman J, Jiang Y, Johnson TO, Johnson TW, Knighton DR, Li J, Liu KKC, Liu Z, Marx MA, Walls M, Wells PA, Yin MJ, Zhu J, Zientek M. Discovery of the Highly Potent PI3K/mTOR Dual Inhibitor PF-04979064 through Structure-Based Drug Design. ACS Med Chem Lett 2013; 4:91-7. [PMID: 24900568 DOI: 10.1021/ml300309h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PI3K, AKT, and mTOR are key kinases from PI3K signaling pathway being extensively pursued to treat a variety of cancers in oncology. To search for a structurally differentiated back-up candidate to PF-04691502, which is currently in phase I/II clinical trials for treating solid tumors, a lead optimization effort was carried out with a tricyclic imidazo[1,5]naphthyridine series. Integration of structure-based drug design and physical properties-based optimization yielded a potent and selective PI3K/mTOR dual kinase inhibitor PF-04979064. This manuscript discusses the lead optimization for the tricyclic series, which both improved the in vitro potency and addressed a number of ADMET issues including high metabolic clearance mediated by both P450 and aldehyde oxidase (AO), poor permeability, and poor solubility. An empirical scaling tool was developed to predict human clearance from in vitro human liver S9 assay data for tricyclic derivatives that were AO substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengmiao Cheng
- Cancer
Chemistry, ‡PDM, and §Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories, 10770
Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Chunze Li
- Cancer
Chemistry, ‡PDM, and §Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories, 10770
Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Simon Bailey
- Cancer
Chemistry, ‡PDM, and §Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories, 10770
Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Sangita M. Baxi
- Cancer
Chemistry, ‡PDM, and §Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories, 10770
Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Lance Goulet
- Cancer
Chemistry, ‡PDM, and §Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories, 10770
Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Lisa Guo
- Cancer
Chemistry, ‡PDM, and §Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories, 10770
Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jacqui Hoffman
- Cancer
Chemistry, ‡PDM, and §Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories, 10770
Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Ying Jiang
- Cancer
Chemistry, ‡PDM, and §Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories, 10770
Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Theodore Otto Johnson
- Cancer
Chemistry, ‡PDM, and §Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories, 10770
Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Ted W. Johnson
- Cancer
Chemistry, ‡PDM, and §Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories, 10770
Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Daniel R. Knighton
- Cancer
Chemistry, ‡PDM, and §Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories, 10770
Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - John Li
- Cancer
Chemistry, ‡PDM, and §Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories, 10770
Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Kevin K.-C. Liu
- Cancer
Chemistry, ‡PDM, and §Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories, 10770
Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Zhengyu Liu
- Cancer
Chemistry, ‡PDM, and §Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories, 10770
Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Matthew A. Marx
- Cancer
Chemistry, ‡PDM, and §Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories, 10770
Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Marlena Walls
- Cancer
Chemistry, ‡PDM, and §Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories, 10770
Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Peter A. Wells
- Cancer
Chemistry, ‡PDM, and §Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories, 10770
Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Min-Jean Yin
- Cancer
Chemistry, ‡PDM, and §Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories, 10770
Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jinjiang Zhu
- Cancer
Chemistry, ‡PDM, and §Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories, 10770
Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Michael Zientek
- Cancer
Chemistry, ‡PDM, and §Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories, 10770
Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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Johnson TW, White S, Gnanadesigan M, Bourenane H, Strange JW, Newby AC, van Soest G, Baumbach A. 023 An ex-vivo “whole human heart model” for the development of intravascular imaging. Heart 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2012-301877b.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Johnson TW, Strange JW, Oriolo V, Edmond J, Davies A, Reeves BC, Baumbach A. 132 Combined prasugrel and bivalirudin treatment during primary PCI offers a safe and effective strategy in ST-elevation MI. Heart 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2012-301877b.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Johnson TW, Tanis SP, Butler SL, Dalvie D, Delisle DM, Dress KR, Flahive EJ, Hu Q, Kuehler JE, Kuki A, Liu W, McClellan GA, Peng Q, Plewe MB, Richardson PF, Smith GL, Solowiej J, Tran KT, Wang H, Yu X, Zhang J, Zhu H. Design and synthesis of novel N-hydroxy-dihydronaphthyridinones as potent and orally bioavailable HIV-1 integrase inhibitors. J Med Chem 2011; 54:3393-417. [PMID: 21446745 DOI: 10.1021/jm200208d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 integrase (IN) is one of three enzymes encoded by the HIV genome and is essential for viral replication, and HIV-1 IN inhibitors have emerged as a new promising class of therapeutics. Recently, we reported the synthesis of orally bioavailable azaindole hydroxamic acids that were potent inhibitors of the HIV-1 IN enzyme. Here we disclose the design and synthesis of novel tricyclic N-hydroxy-dihydronaphthyridinones as potent, orally bioavailable HIV-1 integrase inhibitors displaying excellent ligand and lipophilic efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted W Johnson
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States.
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Tanis SP, Plewe MB, Johnson TW, Butler SL, Dalvie D, DeLisle D, Dress KR, Hu Q, Huang B, Kuehler JE, Kuki A, Liu W, Peng Q, Smith GL, Solowiej J, Tran KT, Wang H, Yang A, Yin C, Yu X, Zhang J, Zhu H. Azaindole N-methyl hydroxamic acids as HIV-1 integrase inhibitors-II. The impact of physicochemical properties on ADME and PK. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:7429-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 10/02/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Plewe MB, Butler SL, R. Dress K, Hu Q, Johnson TW, Kuehler JE, Kuki A, Lam H, Liu W, Nowlin D, Peng Q, Rahavendran SV, Tanis SP, Tran KT, Wang H, Yang A, Zhang J. Azaindole Hydroxamic Acids are Potent HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2009; 52:7211-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jm900862n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael B. Plewe
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Scott L. Butler
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | - Klaus R. Dress
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Qiyue Hu
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Ted W. Johnson
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Jon E. Kuehler
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Atsuo Kuki
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Hieu Lam
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Wen Liu
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Dawn Nowlin
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Qinghai Peng
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Sadayappan V. Rahavendran
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Steven P. Tanis
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Khanh T. Tran
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Hai Wang
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Anle Yang
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Junhu Zhang
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121
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Johnson TW, Dress KR, Edwards M. Using the Golden Triangle to optimize clearance and oral absorption. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:5560-4. [PMID: 19720530 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2009] [Revised: 08/10/2009] [Accepted: 08/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The Golden Triangle is a visualization tool developed from in vitro permeability, in vitro clearance and computational data designed to aid medicinal chemists in achieving metabolically stable, permeable and potent drug candidates. Classifying compounds as permeable and stable and plotting molecular weight (MW) versus octanol:buffer (pH 7.4) distribution coefficients (logD) or estimated octanol:buffer (pH 7.4) distribution coefficients (elogD) reveals useful trends. Analysis of at least two orthogonal trends, such as permeability and clearance, can be extremely effective in balancing and optimizing multiple properties. In addition, molecular weight and logD impact potency-efficiency calculations, allowing potency, clearance and permeability to be optimized simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted W Johnson
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Dr., La Jolla, CA 92121, USA.
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Rasmussen LS, O'Brien JT, Silverstein JH, Johnson TW, Siersma VD, Canet J, Jolles J, Hanning CD, Kuipers HM, Abildstrom H, Papaioannou A, Raeder J, Yli-Hankala A, Sneyd JR, Munoz L, Moller JT. Is peri-operative cortisol secretion related to post-operative cognitive dysfunction? Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2005; 49:1225-31. [PMID: 16146456 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2005.00791.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pattern of cortisol secretion is influenced by surgery. As cortisol can adversely affect neuronal function, this may be an important factor in the development of post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). We hypothesized that the incidence of POCD would be related to changes in cortisol level. METHODS We studied 187 patients aged over 60 years undergoing major non-cardiac surgery with general or regional anaesthesia. Saliva cortisol levels were measured pre-operatively and at 1 day, 7 days and 3 months post-operatively in the morning (08.00 h) and in the afternoon (16.00 h) using salivettes. Cognitive function was assessed pre-operatively, on day 7 and at 3 months using four neuropsychological tests. POCD was defined as a combined Z score of greater than 1.96. RESULTS After surgery, salivary cortisol concentrations increased significantly. POCD was detected in 18.8% of subjects at 1 week and in 15.2% after 3 months. The pre-operative ratios between the morning and afternoon cortisol concentrations (am/pm ratios) were 2.8 and 2.7 in patients with POCD at 1 week vs. those without POCD at 1 week, respectively. The am/pm ratios decreased significantly post-operatively to 1.9 and 1.6 at 1 week, respectively (P = 0.02 for both). In an analysis considering all am/pm ratios, it was found that the persistent flattening in am/pm ratio was significantly related to POCD at 1 week. CONCLUSION The pattern of diurnal variation in cortisol level was significantly related to POCD. Thus, circadian rhythm disturbance or metabolic endocrine stress could be an important mechanism in the development of cognitive dysfunction after major surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Rasmussen
- Department of Anaesthesia, Centre of Head and Orthopaedics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Padgett DE, Johnson TW. Zoosporangial discharge in a Protoachlya hypogyna (Saprolegniaceae) isolate from southeastern North Carolina. Mycologia 2004; 96:205-207. [PMID: 21148845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Inadequate attention to zoosporangial discharge has led to confusion in watermold taxonomic literature. This problem is discussed in light of a specimen of Protoachlya hypogyna that manifests discharge characteristic of three watermold genera, and recommendations are made to reduce future inaccuracies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Padgett
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, 601 S. College Road, Wilmington, North Carolina 28403-5915
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Johnson TW, Zybailov B, Jones AD, Bittl R, Zech S, Stehlik D, Golbeck JH, Chitnis PR. Recruitment of a foreign quinone into the A1 site of photosystem I. In vivo replacement of plastoquinone-9 by media-supplemented naphthoquinones in phylloquinone biosynthetic pathway mutants of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:39512-21. [PMID: 11470786 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m104040200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Interruption of the phylloquinone (PhQ) biosynthetic pathway by interposon mutagenesis of the menA and menB genes in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 results in plastoquinone-9 (PQ-9) occupying the A(1) site and functioning in electron transfer from A(0) to the FeS clusters in photosystem (PS) I (Johnson, T. W., Shen, G., Zybailov, B., Kolling, D., Reategui, R., Beauparlant, S., Vassiliev, I. R., Bryant, D. A., Jones, A. D., Golbeck, J. H., and Chitnis, P. R. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 8523-8530. We report here the isolation of menB26, a strain of the menB mutant that grows in high light by virtue of a higher PS I to PS II ratio. PhQ can be reincorporated into the A(1) site of the menB26 mutant strain by supplementing the growth medium with authentic PhQ. The reincorporation of PhQ also occurs in cells that have been treated with protein synthesis inhibitors, consistent with a displacement of PQ-9 from the A(1) site by mass action. The doubling time of the menB26 mutant cells, but not the menA mutant cells, approaches the wild type when the growth medium is supplemented with naphthoquinone (NQ) derivatives such as 2-CO(2)H-1,4-NQ and 2-CH(3)-1,4-NQ. Since PhQ replaces PQ-9 in the supplemented menB26 mutant cells, but not in the menA mutant cells, the phytyl tail accompanies the incorporation of these quinones into the A(1) site. Studies with menB26 mutant cells and perdeuterated 2-CH(3)-1,4-NQ shows that phytylation occurs at position 3 of the NQ ring because the deuterated 2-methyl group remains intact. Therefore, the specificity of the phytyltransferase enzyme is selective with respect to the group present at ring positions 2 and 3. Supplementing the growth medium of menB26 mutant cells with 1,4-NQ also leads to its incorporation into the A(1) site, but typically without either the phytyl tail or the methyl group. These findings open the possibility of biologically incorporating novel quinones into the A(1) site by supplementing the growth medium of menB26 mutant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Johnson TW, Corey EJ. Enantiospecific synthesis of the proposed structure of the antitubercular marine diterpenoid pseudopteroxazole: revision of stereochemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:4475-9. [PMID: 11457233 DOI: 10.1021/ja010221k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An enantiospecific synthesis of structure 1, previously assigned to the antitubercular marine natural product pseudopteroxazole, has been accomplished as outlined in Scheme 1. Coupling of diene acid 3 and amino phenol 4 produced the amide 5, which was subjected to a novel oxidative intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction to generate the tricyclic lactam 6a stereoselectively. This product was transformed via intermediates 7-11 into the diene 13. Cationic cyclization of 13 afforded two diastereomeric tricyclic amphilectanes which were separated and transformed by parallel four-step sequences into 1 and 2, respectively. Neither 1 nor 2 were identical with pseudopteroxazole, indicating a need for revision of the structure, probably to 16.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Newton
- Post Coronary Care Unit, University Hospital, Oklahoma City, Okla., USA
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Yellin MW, Johnson TW. A case of Susac syndrome. J Am Acad Audiol 2000; 11:484-8. [PMID: 11057732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Susac syndrome is a readily recognized but often misdiagnosed disorder almost exclusively affecting women in the 20- to 40-year age range. Characterized by the clinical triad of encephalopathy, branch retinal artery occlusions, and sensorineural hearing loss, patients with Susac syndrome are often misdiagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). Unlike MS, however, the disease process extends over a 1- to 2-year period and then goes into remission. This presentation describes the progression of symptoms of a patient eventually diagnosed with Susac syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Yellin
- Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff 86011, USA
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Abstract
Hypotheses concerning the relationships among job stressors, job level, personality, and coping responses were investigated in a sample of 305 electrical contracting employees. Coping behaviors were measured with questionnaire items based on interviews conducted with a sample of the subjects. Neuroticism (N) and Extraversion (E) were the personality variables most strongly related to coping behavior. Overall, more coping variance was explained by personality than by job stressors; however, when the effects of job level and job stressors were combined, they explained more variance in complaining/quitting and seeking social support than did the personality variables. Both work situation and personality seem to be important variables in the choice of coping behaviors. There was no evidence of interactions among personality, stressors, and job level in explaining coping behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- B T Mayes
- Department of Management, School of Business Administration and Economics, California State University, Fullerton 92834, USA.
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Abstract
Revised structures are proposed for pseudopterosin G-J aglycon and helioporin E.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Lazerwith
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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Zybailov B, van der Est A, Zech SG, Teutloff C, Johnson TW, Shen G, Bittl R, Stehlik D, Chitnis PR, Golbeck JH. Recruitment of a foreign quinone into the A(1) site of photosystem I. II. Structural and functional characterization of phylloquinone biosynthetic pathway mutants by electron paramagnetic resonance and electron-nuclear double resonance spectroscopy. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:8531-9. [PMID: 10722691 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.275.12.8531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electron-nuclear double resonance studies of the photosystem (PS) I quinone acceptor, A(1), in phylloquinone biosynthetic pathway mutants are described. Room temperature continuous wave EPR measurements at X-band of whole cells of menA and menB interruption mutants show a transient reduction and oxidation of an organic radical with a g-value and anisotropy characteristic of a quinone. In PS I complexes, the continuous wave EPR spectrum of the photoaccumulated Q(-) radical, measured at Q-band, and the electron spin-polarized transient EPR spectra of the radical pair P700(+) Q(-), measured at X-, Q-, and W-bands, show three prominent features: (i) Q(-) has a larger g-anisotropy than native phylloquinone, (ii) Q(-) does not display the prominent methyl hyperfine couplings attributed to the 2-methyl group of phylloquinone, and (iii) the orientation of Q(-) in the A(1) site as derived from the spin polarization is that of native phylloquinone in the wild type. Electron spin echo modulation experiments on P700(+) Q(-) show that the dipolar coupling in the radical pair is the same as in native PS I, i.e. the distance between P700(+) and Q(-) (25.3 +/- 0.3 A) is the same as between P700(+) and A(1)(-) in the wild type. Pulsed electron-nuclear double resonance studies show two sets of resolved spectral features with nearly axially symmetric hyperfine couplings. They are tentatively assigned to the two methyl groups of the recruited plastoquinone-9, and their difference indicates a strong inequivalence among the two groups when in the A(1) site. These results show that Q (i) functions in accepting an electron from A(0)(-) and in passing the electron forward to the iron-sulfur clusters, (ii) occupies the A(1) site with an orientation similar to that of phylloquinone in the wild type, and (iii) has spectroscopic properties consistent with its identity as plastoquinone-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Zybailov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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Johnson TW, Shen G, Zybailov B, Kolling D, Reategui R, Beauparlant S, Vassiliev IR, Bryant DA, Jones AD, Golbeck JH, Chitnis PR. Recruitment of a foreign quinone into the A(1) site of photosystem I. I. Genetic and physiological characterization of phylloquinone biosynthetic pathway mutants in Synechocystis sp. pcc 6803. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:8523-30. [PMID: 10722690 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.275.12.8523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Genes encoding enzymes of the biosynthetic pathway leading to phylloquinone, the secondary electron acceptor of photosystem (PS) I, were identified in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 by comparison with genes encoding enzymes of the menaquinone biosynthetic pathway in Escherichia coli. Targeted inactivation of the menA and menB genes, which code for phytyl transferase and 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate synthase, respectively, prevented the synthesis of phylloquinone, thereby confirming the participation of these two gene products in the biosynthetic pathway. The menA and menB mutants grow photoautotrophically under low light conditions (20 microE m(-2) s(-1)), with doubling times twice that of the wild type, but they are unable to grow under high light conditions (120 microE m(-2) s(-1)). The menA and menB mutants grow photoheterotrophically on media supplemented with glucose under low light conditions, with doubling times similar to that of the wild type, but they are unable to grow under high light conditions unless atrazine is present to inhibit PS II activity. The level of active PS II per cell in the menA and menB mutant strains is identical to that of the wild type, but the level of active PS I is about 50-60% that of the wild type as assayed by low temperature fluorescence, P700 photoactivity, and electron transfer rates. PS I complexes isolated from the menA and menB mutant strains contain the full complement of polypeptides, show photoreduction of F(A) and F(B) at 15 K, and support 82-84% of the wild type rate of electron transfer from cytochrome c(6) to flavodoxin. HPLC analyses show high levels of plastoquinone-9 in PS I complexes from the menA and menB mutants but not from the wild type. We propose that in the absence of phylloquinone, PS I recruits plastoquinone-9 into the A(1) site, where it functions as an efficient cofactor in electron transfer from A(0) to the iron-sulfur clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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Abstract
[formula: see text] A novel pentacyclic polyhydroxylated sterol, xestobergsterol A (1a), has been synthesized in 24 steps and in good overall yield from stigmasterol 17. The key steps of the synthesis are the Breslow remote functionalization of the polyoxygenated steroid derived from 25 and the base-catalyzed epimerization-aldol condensation of the dione derived from 27.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles 90095-1569, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90085-1569
| | - Ted W. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90085-1569
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Asirvatham
- Department of Cardiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA.
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