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Yang Y, Gu C, Li J. Sub-5 nm Metal Nanogaps: Physical Properties, Fabrication Methods, and Device Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1804177. [PMID: 30589217 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201804177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Sub-5 nm metal nanogaps have attracted widespread attention in physics, chemistry, material sciences, and biology due to their physical properties, including great plasmon-enhanced effects in light-matter interactions and charge tunneling, Coulomb blockade, and the Kondo effect under an electrical stimulus. These properties especially meet the needs of many cutting-edge devices, such as sensing, optical, molecular, and electronic devices. However, fabricating sub-5 nm nanogaps is still challenging at the present, and scaled and reliable fabrication, improved addressability, and multifunction integration are desired for further applications in commercial devices. The aim of this work is to provide a comprehensive overview of sub-5 nm nanogaps and to present recent advancements in metal nanogaps, including their physical properties, fabrication methods, and device applications, with the ultimate aim to further inspire scientists and engineers in their research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Changzhi Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
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Vishnubhotla SB, Chen R, Khanal SR, Martini A, Jacobs TDB. Understanding contact between platinum nanocontacts at low loads: The effect of reversible plasticity. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:035704. [PMID: 30444727 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaea2b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanocontacts play a critical role in atomic force microscopy, functional nanostructures, metallic nanoparticles, and nanoscale electromechanical devices. In all cases, knowledge of the area of contact, and its variation with load, is critical for the quantitative prediction of behavior. Often, the contact area is predicted using continuum mechanics models which relate contact size to geometry, material properties, and load. Here we show for platinum nanoprobes that the contact size deviates significantly from these continuum predictions, even at low applied loads and in the absence of irreversible shape change. We use in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with matched molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the load-dependent size of the contact. Direct measurements of contact radius from MD and TEM exceed the predictions of continuum mechanics by 24%-164%, depending on the model applied. The physical mechanism for this deviation is found to be dislocation activity in the near-surface material, which is fully reversed upon unloading. These findings demonstrate that contact mechanics models are insufficient for predicting contact area in real-world platinum nanostructures, even at ultra-low applied loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Bharadwaj Vishnubhotla
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States of America
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Guo C, Chen X, Ding SY, Mayer D, Wang Q, Zhao Z, Ni L, Liu H, Lee T, Xu B, Xiang D. Molecular Orbital Gating Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering. ACS NANO 2018; 12:11229-11235. [PMID: 30335940 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b05826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
One of the promising approaches to meet the urgent demand for further device miniaturization is to create functional devices using single molecules. Although various single-molecule electronic devices have been demonstrated recently, single-molecule optical devices which use external stimulations to control the optical response of a single molecule have rarely been reported. Here, we propose and demonstrate a field-effect Raman scattering (FERS) device with a single molecule, an optical counterpart to field-effect transistors (a key component of modern electronics). With our devices, the gap size between electrodes can be precisely adjusted at subangstrom accuracy to form single molecular junctions as well as to reach the maximum performance of Raman scattering via plasmonic enhancement. Based on this maximum performance, we demonstrated that the intensity of Raman scattering can be further enhanced by an additional ∼40% if the orbitals of the molecules bridged two electrodes were shifted by a gating voltage. This finding not only provides a method to increase the sensitivity of Raman scattering beyond the limit of plasmonic enhancement, but also makes it feasible to realize addressable functional FERS devices with a gate electrode array.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Sensor and Sensing Network Technology, Key Laboratory of Optical Information Science and Technology, Institute of Modern Optics, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Chemistry , The Pennsylvania State University , State College , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - Song-Yuan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS), Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Dirk Mayer
- Peter-Grünberg-Institute PGI-8, Bioelectronic Research Center Jülich GmbH and JARA Fundamentals of Future Information Technology , Jülich 52425 , Germany
| | - Qingling Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Sensor and Sensing Network Technology, Key Laboratory of Optical Information Science and Technology, Institute of Modern Optics, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Zhikai Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Sensor and Sensing Network Technology, Key Laboratory of Optical Information Science and Technology, Institute of Modern Optics, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - Lifa Ni
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Sensor and Sensing Network Technology, Key Laboratory of Optical Information Science and Technology, Institute of Modern Optics, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
- College of Engineering , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Haitao Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Sensor and Sensing Network Technology, Key Laboratory of Optical Information Science and Technology, Institute of Modern Optics, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Takhee Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - Bingqian Xu
- College of Engineering , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Dong Xiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Sensor and Sensing Network Technology, Key Laboratory of Optical Information Science and Technology, Institute of Modern Optics, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
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55
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Li B, Famili M, Pensa E, Grace I, Long NJ, Lambert C, Albrecht T, Cohen LF. Cross-plane conductance through a graphene/molecular monolayer/Au sandwich. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:19791-19798. [PMID: 30328885 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr06763e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The functionalities offered by single-molecule electrical junctions are yet to be translated into monolayer or few-layer molecular films, where making effective and reproducible electrical contact is one of the challenging bottlenecks. Here we take a significant step in this direction by demonstrating that excellent electrical contact can be made with a monolayer biphenyl-4,4'-dithiol (BPDT) molecular film, sandwiched between gold and graphene electrodes. This sandwich device structure is advantageous, because the current flows through the molecules to the gold substrate in a 'cross-plane' manner, perpendicular to the plane of graphene, yielding high-conductance devices. We elucidate the nature of the cross-plane graphene/molecule/Au transport using quantum transport calculations and introduce a simple analytical model, which captures generic features of the current-voltage characteristic. Asymmetry in junction properties results from the disparity in electrode electrical properties, the alignment of the BPDT HOMO-LUMO energy levels and the specific characteristics of the graphene electrode. The experimental observation of scalability of junction properties within the junction area, in combination with a theoretical description of the transmission probability of the thiol-graphene contact, demonstrates that between 10% and 100% of the molecules make contact with the electrodes, which is several orders of magnitude greater than that achieved to date in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZUK.
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56
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Dubois V, Bleiker SJ, Stemme G, Niklaus F. Scalable Manufacturing of Nanogaps. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1801124. [PMID: 30156331 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The ability to manufacture a nanogap in between two electrodes has proven a powerful catalyst for scientific discoveries in nanoscience and molecular electronics. A wide range of bottom-up and top-down methodologies are now available to fabricate nanogaps that are less than 10 nm wide. However, most available techniques involve time-consuming serial processes that are not compatible with large-scale manufacturing of nanogap devices. The scalable manufacturing of sub-10 nm gaps remains a great technological challenge that currently hinders both experimental nanoscience and the prospects for commercial exploitation of nanogap devices. Here, available nanogap fabrication methodologies are reviewed and a detailed comparison of their merits is provided, with special focus on large-scale and reproducible manufacturing of nanogaps. The most promising approaches that could achieve a breakthrough in research and commercial applications are identified. Emerging scalable nanogap manufacturing methodologies will ultimately enable applications with high scientific and societal impact, including high-speed whole genome sequencing, electromechanical computing, and molecular electronics using nanogap electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Dubois
- Department of Micro and Nano Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon J Bleiker
- Department of Micro and Nano Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Stemme
- Department of Micro and Nano Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Frank Niklaus
- Department of Micro and Nano Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
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Xiao B, Liang F, Liu S, Im J, Li Y, Liu J, Zhang B, Zhou J, He J, Chang S. Cucurbituril mediated single molecule detection and identification via recognition tunneling. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:365501. [PMID: 29882746 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aacb63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Recognition tunneling (RT) is an emerging technique for investigating single molecules in a tunnel junction. We have previously demonstrated its capability of single molecule detection and identification, as well as probing the dynamics of intermolecular bonding at the single molecule level. Here by introducing cucurbituril as a new class of recognition molecule, we demonstrate a powerful platform for electronically investigating the host-guest chemistry at single molecule level. In this report, we first investigated the single molecule electrical properties of cucurbituril in a tunnel junction. Then we studied two model guest molecules, aminoferrocene and amantadine, which were encapsulated by cucurbituril. Small differences in conductance and lifetime can be recognized between the host-guest complexes with the inclusion of different guest molecules. By using a machine learning algorithm to classify the RT signals in a hyper dimensional space, the accuracy of guest molecule recognition can be significantly improved, suggesting the possibility of using cucurbituril molecule for single molecule identification. This work enables a new class of recognition molecule for RT technique and opens the door for detecting a vast variety of small molecules by electrical measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohuai Xiao
- The State Key laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, People's Republic of China
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Dubois V, Raja SN, Gehring P, Caneva S, van der Zant HSJ, Niklaus F, Stemme G. Massively parallel fabrication of crack-defined gold break junctions featuring sub-3 nm gaps for molecular devices. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3433. [PMID: 30143636 PMCID: PMC6109151 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05785-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Break junctions provide tip-shaped contact electrodes that are fundamental components of nano and molecular electronics. However, the fabrication of break junctions remains notoriously time-consuming and difficult to parallelize. Here we demonstrate true parallel fabrication of gold break junctions featuring sub-3 nm gaps on the wafer-scale, by relying on a novel self-breaking mechanism based on controlled crack formation in notched bridge structures. We achieve fabrication densities as high as 7 million junctions per cm2, with fabrication yields of around 7% for obtaining crack-defined break junctions with sub-3 nm gaps of fixed gap width that exhibit electron tunneling. We also form molecular junctions using dithiol-terminated oligo(phenylene ethynylene) (OPE3) to demonstrate the feasibility of our approach for electrical probing of molecules down to liquid helium temperatures. Our technology opens a whole new range of experimental opportunities for nano and molecular electronics applications, by enabling very large-scale fabrication of solid-state break junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Dubois
- Department of Micro and Nanosystems (MST), School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shyamprasad N Raja
- Department of Micro and Nanosystems (MST), School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pascal Gehring
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Sabina Caneva
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Herre S J van der Zant
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Niklaus
- Department of Micro and Nanosystems (MST), School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Göran Stemme
- Department of Micro and Nanosystems (MST), School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Stefani D, Perrin M, Gutiérrez‐Cerón C, Aragonès AC, Labra‐Muñoz J, Carrasco RDC, Matsushita Y, Futera Z, Labuta J, Ngo TH, Ariga K, Díez‐Pérez I, van der Zant HSJ, Dulić D, Hill JP. Mechanical Tuning of Through‐Molecule Conductance in a Conjugated Calix[4]pyrrole. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201801076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Stefani
- Kavli Institute of NanoscienceDelft University of Technology Lorentzweg 1 2628 CJ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Mickael Perrin
- Kavli Institute of NanoscienceDelft University of Technology Lorentzweg 1 2628 CJ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Cristian Gutiérrez‐Cerón
- Physics DepartmentFaculty of Physical and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of Chile, Av. Blanco Encalada 2008 Santiago Chile
| | - Albert C. Aragonès
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of Natural & Mathematical SciencesKing's College London, Brittania House, 7 Trinity Street London SE1 1DB United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline Labra‐Muñoz
- Physics DepartmentFaculty of Physical and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of Chile, Av. Blanco Encalada 2008 Santiago Chile
| | - Rodrigo D. C. Carrasco
- Physics DepartmentFaculty of Physical and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of Chile, Av. Blanco Encalada 2008 Santiago Chile
| | - Yoshitaka Matsushita
- Research Network and Facilities DivisionNational Institute for Materials Science, Sengen 1-2-1, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan
| | - Zdenek Futera
- School of Chemical & Bioprocess EngineeringUniversity College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Jan Labuta
- WPI Center for Materials NanoarchitectonicsNational Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1–1, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
| | - Thien H. Ngo
- WPI Center for Materials NanoarchitectonicsNational Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1–1, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Ariga
- WPI Center for Materials NanoarchitectonicsNational Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1–1, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
| | - Ismael Díez‐Pérez
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of Natural & Mathematical SciencesKing's College London, Brittania House, 7 Trinity Street London SE1 1DB United Kingdom
| | - Herre S. J. van der Zant
- Kavli Institute of NanoscienceDelft University of Technology Lorentzweg 1 2628 CJ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Diana Dulić
- Physics DepartmentFaculty of Physical and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of Chile, Av. Blanco Encalada 2008 Santiago Chile
| | - Jonathan P. Hill
- WPI Center for Materials NanoarchitectonicsNational Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1–1, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
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61
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Metal/molecule/metal junction studies of organometallic and coordination complexes; What can transition metals do for molecular electronics? Polyhedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Wang K. DNA-Based Single-Molecule Electronics: From Concept to Function. J Funct Biomater 2018; 9:jfb9010008. [PMID: 29342091 PMCID: PMC5872094 DOI: 10.3390/jfb9010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond being the repository of genetic information, DNA is playing an increasingly important role as a building block for molecular electronics. Its inherent structural and molecular recognition properties render it a leading candidate for molecular electronics applications. The structural stability, diversity and programmability of DNA provide overwhelming freedom for the design and fabrication of molecular-scale devices. In the past two decades DNA has therefore attracted inordinate amounts of attention in molecular electronics. This review gives a brief survey of recent experimental progress in DNA-based single-molecule electronics with special focus on single-molecule conductance and I–V characteristics of individual DNA molecules. Existing challenges and exciting future opportunities are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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63
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64
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Towards Rectifying Performance at the Molecular Scale. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2017; 375:85. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-017-0170-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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65
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Foti G, Vázquez H. Adsorbate-driven cooling of carbene-based molecular junctions. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 8:2060-2068. [PMID: 29090108 PMCID: PMC5647705 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We study the role of an NH2 adsorbate on the current-induced heating and cooling of a neighboring carbene-based molecular circuit. We use first-principles methods of inelastic tunneling transport based on density functional theory and non-equilibrium Green's functions to calculate the rates of emission and absorbtion of vibrations by tunneling electrons, the population of vibrational modes and the energy stored in them. We find that the charge rearrangement resulting from the adsorbate gates the carbene electronic structure and reduces the density of carbene states near the Fermi level as a function of bias. These effects result in the cooling of carbene modes at all voltages compared to the "clean" carbene-based junction. We also find that the direct influence of adsorbate states is significantly smaller and tends to heat adsorbate vibrations. Our results highlight the important role of molecular adsorbates not only on the electronic and elastic transport properties but also on the current-induced energy exchange and stability under bias of single-molecule circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Foti
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnicka 10, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Héctor Vázquez
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnicka 10, Prague, Czech Republic
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66
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Li R, Lu Z, Cai Y, Jiang F, Tang C, Chen Z, Zheng J, Pi J, Zhang R, Liu J, Chen ZB, Yang Y, Shi J, Hong W, Xia H. Switching of Charge Transport Pathways via Delocalization Changes in Single-Molecule Metallacycles Junctions. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:14344-14347. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b06400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruihao Li
- State Key Laboratory
of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhengyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory
of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yuanting Cai
- State Key Laboratory
of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory
of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chun Tang
- State Key Laboratory
of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhixin Chen
- State Key Laboratory
of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jueting Zheng
- State Key Laboratory
of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jiuchan Pi
- State Key Laboratory
of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory
of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Junyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory
of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhao-Bin Chen
- State Key Laboratory
of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory
of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jia Shi
- State Key Laboratory
of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory
of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Haiping Xia
- State Key Laboratory
of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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67
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Jeong H, Kim D, Xiang D, Lee T. High-Yield Functional Molecular Electronic Devices. ACS NANO 2017; 11:6511-6548. [PMID: 28578582 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b02967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
An ultimate goal of molecular electronics, which seeks to incorporate molecular components into electronic circuit units, is to generate functional molecular electronic devices using individual or ensemble molecules to fulfill the increasing technical demands of the miniaturization of traditional silicon-based electronics. This review article presents a summary of recent efforts to pursue this ultimate aim, covering the development of reliable device platforms for high-yield ensemble molecular junctions and their utilization in functional molecular electronic devices, in which distinctive electronic functionalities are observed due to the functional molecules. In addition, other aspects pertaining to the practical application of molecular devices such as manufacturing compatibility with existing complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology, their integration, and flexible device applications are also discussed. These advances may contribute to a deeper understanding of charge transport characteristics through functional molecular junctions and provide a desirable roadmap for future practical molecular electronics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunhak Jeong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Dongku Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Dong Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Information Science and Technology, Institute of Modern Optics, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Takhee Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Korea
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Abstract
Large negative differential conductance (NDC) at lower bias regime is a very desirable functional property for single molecular device. Due to the non-conjugated segment separating two conjugated branches, the single thiolated arylethynylene molecule with 9,10-dihydroanthracene core (denoted as TADHA) presents excellent NDC behavior in lower bias regime. Based on the ab initio calculation and non-equilibrium Green’s function formalism, the NDC behavior of TADHA molecular device and the H2O-molecule-adsorption effects are studied systematically. The numerical results show that the NDC behavior of TADHA molecular junction originates from the Stark effect of the applied bias which splits the degeneration of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and HOMO-1. The H2O molecule adsorbed on the terminal sulphur atom strongly suppresses the conductance of TADHA molecular device and destroys the NDC behavior in the lower bias regime. Single or separated H2O molecules adsorbed on the backbone of TADHA molecule can depress the energy levels of molecular orbitals, but have little effects on the NDC behavior of the TADHA molecular junction. Aggregate of several H2O molecules adsorbed on one branch of TADHA molecule can dramatically enhance the conductance and NDC behavior of the molecular junction, and result in rectifier behavior.
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Bandari VK, Varadharajan L, Xu L, Jalil AR, Devarajulu M, Siles PF, Zhu F, Schmidt OG. Charge transport in organic nanocrystal diodes based on rolled-up robust nanomembrane contacts. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 8:1277-1282. [PMID: 28690963 PMCID: PMC5496557 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of charge transport in organic nanocrystals is essential to understand nanoscale physical properties of organic systems and the development of novel organic nanodevices. In this work, we fabricate organic nanocrystal diodes contacted by rolled-up robust nanomembranes. The organic nanocrystals consist of vanadyl phthalocyanine and copper hexadecafluorophthalocyanine heterojunctions. The temperature dependent charge transport through organic nanocrystals was investigated to reveal the transport properties of ohmic and space-charge-limited current under different conditions, for instance, temperature and bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineeth Kumar Bandari
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, TU Chemnitz, Reichenhainer Str. 70, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtz Str. 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lakshmi Varadharajan
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, TU Chemnitz, Reichenhainer Str. 70, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtz Str. 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Longqian Xu
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, TU Chemnitz, Reichenhainer Str. 70, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtz Str. 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Abdur Rehman Jalil
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, TU Chemnitz, Reichenhainer Str. 70, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtz Str. 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mirunalini Devarajulu
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, TU Chemnitz, Reichenhainer Str. 70, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtz Str. 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Pablo F Siles
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, TU Chemnitz, Reichenhainer Str. 70, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtz Str. 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Feng Zhu
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, TU Chemnitz, Reichenhainer Str. 70, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtz Str. 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver G Schmidt
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, TU Chemnitz, Reichenhainer Str. 70, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtz Str. 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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70
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Advance of Mechanically Controllable Break Junction for Molecular Electronics. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2017; 375:61. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-017-0149-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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71
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Liu Z, Ren S, Guo X. Switching Effects in Molecular Electronic Devices. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2017; 375:56. [PMID: 28493206 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-017-0144-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The creation of molecular electronic switches by using smart molecules is of great importance to the field of molecular electronics. This requires a fundamental understanding of the intrinsic electron transport mechanisms, which depend on several factors including the charge transport pathway, the molecule-electrode coupling strength, the energy of the molecular frontier orbitals, and the electron spin state. On the basis of significant progresses achieved in both experiments and theory over the past decade, in this review article we focus on new insights into the design and fabrication of different molecular switches and the corresponding switching effects, which is crucial to the development of molecular electronics. We summarize the strategies developed for single-molecule device fabrication and the mechanism of these switching effects. These analyses should be valuable for deeply understanding the switching effects in molecular electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Shizhao Ren
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China.
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72
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Grellmann T, Mayer D, Offenhäusser A, Wördenweber R. Temperature-Dependent Electron Transport in Single Terphenyldithiol Molecules. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:2911-2917. [PMID: 28375607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b00977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Analyzing the electronic properties of individual terphenyldithiol (TPT) molecules in a temperature range of 30-300 K using cryogenic mechanically controllable break junctions, we observe an unexpected change of the transport mechanism with temperature for this linear and symmetric aromatic molecule. Whereas the work function (∼3.8 eV) and molecular energy level (∼0.8 to ∼1 eV depending on the analysis of the data) of TPT are temperature-independent, elastic tunneling dominates charge transport at low temperatures, whereby an inelastic transport (via hopping) sets in at about 100 K. The molecular level of TPT lies around 1 eV and is temperature-independent. This unusual temperature dependence agrees with recent predictions for other short molecules using density-functional-based transport studies as well as experimental observations obtained for similar relatively short rodlike molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Grellmann
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI) and JARA-FIT Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, Forschungszentrum Jülich , D-52425 Jülich, Germany.,Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - D Mayer
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI) and JARA-FIT Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, Forschungszentrum Jülich , D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - A Offenhäusser
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI) and JARA-FIT Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, Forschungszentrum Jülich , D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - R Wördenweber
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI) and JARA-FIT Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, Forschungszentrum Jülich , D-52425 Jülich, Germany
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73
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Nejedlý J, Šámal M, Rybáček J, Tobrmanová M, Szydlo F, Coudret C, Neumeier M, Vacek J, Vacek Chocholoušová J, Buděšínský M, Šaman D, Bednárová L, Sieger L, Stará IG, Starý I. Synthesis of Long Oxahelicenes by Polycyclization in a Flow Reactor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:5839-5843. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201700341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jindřich Nejedlý
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences; Flemingovo nám. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Michal Šámal
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences; Flemingovo nám. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Rybáček
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences; Flemingovo nám. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Tobrmanová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences; Flemingovo nám. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Florence Szydlo
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences; Flemingovo nám. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Christophe Coudret
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences; Flemingovo nám. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Maria Neumeier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences; Flemingovo nám. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Vacek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences; Flemingovo nám. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Jana Vacek Chocholoušová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences; Flemingovo nám. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Buděšínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences; Flemingovo nám. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - David Šaman
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences; Flemingovo nám. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Bednárová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences; Flemingovo nám. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Sieger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences; Flemingovo nám. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
- Department of Physics; CTU in Prague; Faculty of Electrical Engineering; Technická 2 16627 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Irena G. Stará
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences; Flemingovo nám. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Starý
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences; Flemingovo nám. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
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74
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75
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Li X, Hu D, Tan Z, Bai J, Xiao Z, Yang Y, Shi J, Hong W. Supramolecular Systems and Chemical Reactions in Single-Molecule Break Junctions. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2017; 375:42. [PMID: 28337670 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-017-0123-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The major challenges of molecular electronics are the understanding and manipulation of the electron transport through the single-molecule junction. With the single-molecule break junction techniques, including scanning tunneling microscope break junction technique and mechanically controllable break junction technique, the charge transport through various single-molecule and supramolecular junctions has been studied during the dynamic fabrication and continuous characterization of molecular junctions. This review starts from the charge transport characterization of supramolecular junctions through a variety of noncovalent interactions, such as hydrogen bond, π-π interaction, and electrostatic force. We further review the recent progress in constructing highly conductive molecular junctions via chemical reactions, the response of molecular junctions to external stimuli, as well as the application of break junction techniques in controlling and monitoring chemical reactions in situ. We suggest that beyond the measurement of single molecular conductance, the single-molecule break junction techniques provide a promising access to study molecular assembly and chemical reactions at the single-molecule scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Duan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zhibing Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jie Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zongyuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Jia Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
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76
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Cui L, Miao R, Jiang C, Meyhofer E, Reddy P. Perspective: Thermal and thermoelectric transport in molecular junctions. J Chem Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4976982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Longji Cui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Ruijiao Miao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Chang Jiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Edgar Meyhofer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Pramod Reddy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109,
USA
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77
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Cho MR, Jung JH, Seo MK, Cho SU, Kim YD, Lee JH, Kim YS, Kim P, Hone J, Ihm J, Park YD. Universality of periodicity as revealed from interlayer-mediated cracks. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43400. [PMID: 28252036 PMCID: PMC5333109 DOI: 10.1038/srep43400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A crack and its propagation is a challenging multiscale materials phenomenon of broad interest, from nanoscience to exogeology. Particularly in fracture mechanics, periodicities are of high scientific interest. However, a full understanding of this phenomenon across various physical scales is lacking. Here, we demonstrate periodic interlayer-mediated thin film crack propagation and discuss the governing conditions resulting in their periodicity as being universal. We show strong confinement of thin film cracks and arbitrary steering of their propagation by inserting a predefined thin interlayer, composed of either a polymer, metal, or even atomically thin graphene, between the substrate and the brittle thin film. The thin interlayer-mediated controllability arises from local modification of the effective mechanical properties of the crack medium. Numerical calculations incorporating basic fracture mechanics principles well model our experimental results. We believe that previous studies of periodic cracks in SiN films, self-de-bonding sol-gel films, and even drying colloidal films, along with this study, share the same physical origins but with differing physical boundary conditions. This finding provides a simple analogy for various periodic crack systems that exist in nature, not only for thin film cracks but also for cracks ranging in scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Rae Cho
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Jung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Min key Seo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Sung Un Cho
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Young Duck Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Jae Hyun Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Yong Seung Kim
- Department of Physics and Graphene Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, South Korea
| | - Pilkwang Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - James Hone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Jisoon Ihm
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Yun Daniel Park
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
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78
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Direct mapping of electrical noise sources in molecular wire-based devices. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43411. [PMID: 28233821 PMCID: PMC5324066 DOI: 10.1038/srep43411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a noise mapping strategy for the reliable identification and analysis of noise sources in molecular wire junctions. Here, different molecular wires were patterned on a gold substrate, and the current-noise map on the pattern was measured and analyzed, enabling the quantitative study of noise sources in the patterned molecular wires. The frequency spectra of the noise from the molecular wire junctions exhibited characteristic 1/f2 behavior, which was used to identify the electrical signals from molecular wires. This method was applied to analyze the molecular junctions comprising various thiol molecules on a gold substrate, revealing that the noise in the junctions mainly came from the fluctuation of the thiol bonds. Furthermore, we quantitatively compared the frequencies of such bond fluctuations in different molecular wire junctions and identified molecular wires with lower electrical noise, which can provide critical information for designing low-noise molecular electronic devices. Our method provides valuable insights regarding noise phenomena in molecular wires and can be a powerful tool for the development of molecular electronic devices.
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79
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Xin N, Wang J, Jia C, Liu Z, Zhang X, Yu C, Li M, Wang S, Gong Y, Sun H, Zhang G, Liu Z, Zhang G, Liao J, Zhang D, Guo X. Stereoelectronic Effect-Induced Conductance Switching in Aromatic Chain Single-Molecule Junctions. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:856-861. [PMID: 28071918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Biphenyl, as the elementary unit of organic functional materials, has been widely used in electronic and optoelectronic devices. However, over decades little has been fundamentally understood regarding how the intramolecular conformation of biphenyl dynamically affects its transport properties at the single-molecule level. Here, we establish the stereoelectronic effect of biphenyl on its electrical conductance based on the platform of graphene-molecule single-molecule junctions, where a specifically designed hexaphenyl aromatic chain molecule is covalently sandwiched between nanogapped graphene point contacts to create stable single-molecule junctions. Both theoretical and temperature-dependent experimental results consistently demonstrate that phenyl twisting in the aromatic chain molecule produces different microstates with different degrees of conjugation, thus leading to stochastic switching between high- and low-conductance states. These investigations offer new molecular design insights into building functional single-molecule electrical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Xin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jinying Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo , Hongo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Chuancheng Jia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zitong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xisha Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chenmin Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Mingliang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shuopei Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Gong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hantao Sun
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhirong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Guangyu Zhang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhui Liao
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
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80
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Wang K, Xu B. Modulation and Control of Charge Transport Through Single-Molecule Junctions. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2017; 375:17. [PMID: 28120303 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-017-0105-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The ability to modulate and control charge transport though single-molecule junction devices is crucial to achieving the ultimate goal of molecular electronics: constructing real-world-applicable electronic components from single molecules. This review aims to highlight the progress made in single-molecule electronics, emphasizing the development of molecular junction electronics in recent years. Among many techniques that attempt to wire a molecule to metallic electrodes, the single-molecule break junction (SMBJ) technique is one of the most reliable and tunable experimental platforms for achieving metal-molecule-metal configurations. It also provides great freedom to tune charge transport through the junction. Soon after the SMBJ technique was introduced, it was extensively used to measure the conductances of individual molecules; however, different conductances were obtained for the same molecule, and it proved difficult to interpret this wide distribution of experimental data. This phenomenon was later found to be mainly due to a lack of precise experimental control and advanced data analysis methods. In recent years, researchers have directed considerable effort into advancing the SMBJ technique by gaining a deeper physical understanding of charge transport through single molecules and thus enhancing its potential applicability in functional molecular-scale electronic devices, such as molecular diodes and molecular transistors. In parallel with that research, novel data analysis methods and approaches that enable the discovery of hidden yet important features in the data are being developed. This review discusses various aspects of molecular junction electronics, from the initial goal of molecular electronics, the development of experimental techniques for creating single-molecule junctions and determining single-molecule conductance, to the characterization of functional current-voltage features and the investigation of physical properties other than charge transport. In addition, the development of advanced data analysis methods is considered, as they are critical to gaining detailed physical insight into the underlying transport mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and NanoSEC, University of Georgia, 220 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Bingqian Xu
- College of Engineering and NanoSEC, University of Georgia, 220 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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81
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Dubois V, Niklaus F, Stemme G. Design and fabrication of crack-junctions. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2017; 3:17042. [PMID: 31057876 PMCID: PMC6444981 DOI: 10.1038/micronano.2017.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanogap electrodes consist of pairs of electrically conducting tips that exhibit nanoscale gaps. They are building blocks for a variety of applications in quantum electronics, nanophotonics, plasmonics, nanopore sequencing, molecular electronics, and molecular sensing. Crack-junctions (CJs) constitute a new class of nanogap electrodes that are formed by controlled fracture of suspended bridge structures fabricated in an electrically conducting thin film under residual tensile stress. Key advantages of the CJ methodology over alternative technologies are that CJs can be fabricated with wafer-scale processes, and that the width of each individual nanogap can be precisely controlled in a range from <2 to >100 nm. While the realization of CJs has been demonstrated in initial experiments, the impact of the different design parameters on the resulting CJs has not yet been studied. Here we investigate the influence of design parameters such as the dimensions and shape of the notches, the length of the electrode-bridge and the design of the anchors, on the formation and propagation of cracks and on the resulting features of the CJs. We verify that the design criteria yields accurate prediction of crack formation in electrode-bridges featuring a beam width of 280 nm and beam lengths ranging from 1 to 1.8 μm. We further present design as well as experimental guidelines for the fabrication of CJs and propose an approach to initiate crack formation after release etching of the suspended electrode-bridge, thereby enabling the realization of CJs with pristine electrode surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Dubois
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Micro and Nanosystem, Osquldas väg 10, Stockholm 100 44, Sweden
| | - Frank Niklaus
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Micro and Nanosystem, Osquldas väg 10, Stockholm 100 44, Sweden
| | - Göran Stemme
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Micro and Nanosystem, Osquldas väg 10, Stockholm 100 44, Sweden
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82
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Carlotti M, Kovalchuk A, Wächter T, Qiu X, Zharnikov M, Chiechi RC. Conformation-driven quantum interference effects mediated by through-space conjugation in self-assembled monolayers. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13904. [PMID: 27996036 PMCID: PMC5187444 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tunnelling currents through tunnelling junctions comprising molecules with cross-conjugation are markedly lower than for their linearly conjugated analogues. This effect has been shown experimentally and theoretically to arise from destructive quantum interference, which is understood to be an intrinsic, electronic property of molecules. Here we show experimental evidence of conformation-driven interference effects by examining through-space conjugation in which π-conjugated fragments are arranged face-on or edge-on in sufficiently close proximity to interact through space. Observing these effects in the latter requires trapping molecules in a non-equilibrium conformation closely resembling the X-ray crystal structure, which we accomplish using self-assembled monolayers to construct bottom-up, large-area tunnelling junctions. In contrast, interference effects are completely absent in zero-bias simulations on the equilibrium, gas-phase conformation, establishing through-space conjugation as both of fundamental interest and as a potential tool for tuning tunnelling charge-transport in large-area, solid-state molecular-electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Carlotti
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry &Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Andrii Kovalchuk
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry &Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias Wächter
- Applied Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Xinkai Qiu
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry &Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Zharnikov
- Applied Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Ryan C Chiechi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry &Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
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83
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Wang Q, Liu R, Xiang D, Sun M, Zhao Z, Sun L, Mei T, Wu P, Liu H, Guo X, Li ZL, Lee T. Single-Atom Switches and Single-Atom Gaps Using Stretched Metal Nanowires. ACS NANO 2016; 10:9695-9702. [PMID: 27704783 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b05676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing individual atoms or molecules as functional units in electronic circuits meets the increasing technical demands for the miniaturization of traditional semiconductor devices. To be of technological interest, these functional devices should be high-yield, consume low amounts of energy, and operate at room temperature. In this study, we developed nanodevices called quantized conductance atomic switches (QCAS) that satisfy these requirements. The QCAS operates by applying a feedback-controlled voltage to a nanoconstriction within a stretched nanowire. We demonstrated that individual metal atoms could be removed from the nanoconstriction and that the removed metal atoms could be refilled into the nanoconstriction, thus yielding a reversible quantized conductance switch. We determined the key parameters for the QCAS between the "on" and "off" states at room temperature under a small operating voltage. By controlling the applied bias voltage, the atoms can be further completely removed from the constriction to break the nanowire, generating single-atom nanogaps. These atomic nanogaps are quite stable under a sweeping voltage and can be readjusted with subangstrom accuracy, thus fulfilling the requirement of both reliability and flexibility for the high-yield fabrication of molecular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Information Science and Technology, Institute of Modern Optics, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ran Liu
- College of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014, China
| | - Dong Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Information Science and Technology, Institute of Modern Optics, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Mingyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Optical Information Science and Technology, Institute of Modern Optics, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhikai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Optical Information Science and Technology, Institute of Modern Optics, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Optical Information Science and Technology, Institute of Modern Optics, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Tingting Mei
- Key Laboratory of Optical Information Science and Technology, Institute of Modern Optics, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Pengfei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Optical Information Science and Technology, Institute of Modern Optics, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optical Information Science and Technology, Institute of Modern Optics, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zong-Liang Li
- College of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014, China
| | - Takhee Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Korea
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84
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Tschudi SE, Reuter MG. Estimating the Landauer-Büttiker transmission function from single molecule break junction experiments. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:425203. [PMID: 27623441 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/42/425203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
When investigating the electronic response properties of molecules, experiments often measure conductance whereas computation predicts the transmission probability. Although Landauer-Büttiker theory usually relates the two, comparison between experiment and computation remains difficult because experimental data (specifically those from break junctions) are statistical and computational results are deterministic. In this work we develop tools to quantitatively estimate-with error bars-the shape of the Landauer-Büttiker transmission function directly from experimental statistics on conductance and thermopower (if the latter is also available). We subsequently apply these tools to existing data, demonstrating a rigorous statistical comparison between experimental and computational results on molecular electron transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E Tschudi
- Department of Applied Mathematics & Statistics and Institute for Advanced Computational Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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85
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Suga H, Suzuki H, Shinomura Y, Kashiwabara S, Tsukagoshi K, Shimizu T, Naitoh Y. Highly stable, extremely high-temperature, nonvolatile memory based on resistance switching in polycrystalline Pt nanogaps. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34961. [PMID: 27725705 PMCID: PMC5057135 DOI: 10.1038/srep34961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly stable, nonvolatile, high-temperature memory based on resistance switching was realized using a polycrystalline platinum (Pt) nanogap. The operating temperature of the memory can be drastically increased by the presence of a sharp-edged Pt crystal facet in the nanogap. A short distance between the facet edges maintains the nanogap shape at high temperature, and the sharp shape of the nanogap densifies the electric field to maintain a stable current flow due to field migration. Even at 873 K, which is a significantly higher temperature than feasible for conventional semiconductor memory, the nonvolatility of the proposed memory allows stable ON and OFF currents, with fluctuations of less than or equal to 10%, to be maintained for longer than eight hours. An advantage of this nanogap scheme for high-temperature memory is its secure operation achieved through the assembly and disassembly of a Pt needle in a high electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Suga
- Department of Technology of Chiba Institute of Technology, 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Narashino, Chiba 275-0016, Japan
| | - Hiroya Suzuki
- Department of Technology of Chiba Institute of Technology, 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Narashino, Chiba 275-0016, Japan
| | - Yuma Shinomura
- Department of Technology of Chiba Institute of Technology, 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Narashino, Chiba 275-0016, Japan
| | - Shota Kashiwabara
- Department of Technology of Chiba Institute of Technology, 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Narashino, Chiba 275-0016, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Tsukagoshi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Shimizu
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, Department of Materials and Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi 1-1-1 Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Naitoh
- Nanoelectronics Research Institute, Department of Electronics and Manufacturing, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi 1-1-1 Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan
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86
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Garcia LC, Caramori GF, Bergamo PA, Parreira RL. Transport properties of ruthenophanes – A theoretical insight. Chem Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2016.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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87
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Kumar S, van Herpt J, Gengler RYN, Feringa BL, Rudolf P, Chiechi RC. Mixed Monolayers of Spiropyrans Maximize Tunneling Conductance Switching by Photoisomerization at the Molecule-Electrode Interface in EGaIn Junctions. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:12519-26. [PMID: 27602432 PMCID: PMC5053170 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b06806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the photoinduced switching of conductance in tunneling junctions comprising self-assembled monolayers of a spiropyran moiety using eutectic Ga-In top contacts. Despite separation of the spiropyran unit from the electrode by a long alkyl ester chain, we observe an increase in the current density J of a factor of 35 at 1 V when the closed form is irradiated with UV light to induce the ring-opening reaction, one of the highest switching ratios reported for junctions incorporating self-assembled monolayers. The magnitude of switching of hexanethiol mixed monolayers was higher than that of pure spiropyran monolayers. The first switching event recovers 100% of the initial value of J and in the mixed-monolayers subsequent dampening is not the result of degradation of the monolayer. The observation of increased conductivity is supported by zero-bias DFT calculations showing a change in the localization of the density of states near the Fermi level as well as by simulated transmission spectra revealing positive resonances that broaden and shift toward the Fermi level in the open form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jochem
T. van Herpt
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Régis Y. N. Gengler
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Petra Rudolf
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ryan C. Chiechi
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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88
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Dubois V, Niklaus F, Stemme G. Crack-Defined Electronic Nanogaps. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:2178-82. [PMID: 26784270 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201504569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Achieving near-atomic-scale electronic nanogaps in a reliable and scalable manner will facilitate fundamental advances in molecular detection, plasmonics, and nanoelectronics. Here, a method is shown for realizing crack-defined nanogaps separating TiN electrodes, allowing parallel and scalable fabrication of arrays of sub-10 nm electronic nanogaps featuring individually defined gap widths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Dubois
- Department of Micro and Nanosystems, School of Electrical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Frank Niklaus
- Department of Micro and Nanosystems, School of Electrical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Stemme
- Department of Micro and Nanosystems, School of Electrical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044, Stockholm, Sweden
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89
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Xiang D, Wang X, Jia C, Lee T, Guo X. Molecular-Scale Electronics: From Concept to Function. Chem Rev 2016; 116:4318-440. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 816] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xiang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for
Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Key
Laboratory of Optical Information Science and Technology, Institute
of Modern Optics, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for
Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chuancheng Jia
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for
Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Takhee Lee
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for
Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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90
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Kladnik G, Puppin M, Coreno M, de Simone M, Floreano L, Verdini A, Morgante A, Cvetko D, Cossaro A. Ultrafast Charge Transfer Pathways Through A Prototype Amino-Carboxylic Molecular Junction. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:1955-1959. [PMID: 26835843 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b05231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Charge transport properties of a vertically stacked organic heterojunction based on the amino-carboxylic (A-C) hydrogen bond coupling scheme are investigated by means of X-ray resonant photoemission and the core-hole clock method. We demonstrate that hydrogen bonding in molecular bilayers of benzoic acid/cysteamine (BA/CA) with an A-C coupling scheme opens a site selective pathway for ultrafast charge transport through the junction. Whereas charge transport from single BA layer directly coupled to the Au(111) is very fast and it is mediated by the phenyl group, the interposition of an anchoring layer of CA selectively hinders the delocalization of electrons from the BA phenyl group but opens a fast charge delocalization route through the BA orbitals close to the A-C bond. This evidences that hydrogen bonding established upon A-C recognition can be exploited to spatially/orbitally manipulate the charge transport properties of heteromolecular junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Kladnik
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana , Jadranska ul. 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Michele Puppin
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste , via A. Valerio 2, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- CNR-IOM Laboratorio TASC , Basovizza SS-14, km 163.5, I-34012 Trieste, Italy
| | - Marcello Coreno
- CNR-ISM, UOS Trieste , Area Science Park Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Monica de Simone
- CNR-IOM Laboratorio TASC , Basovizza SS-14, km 163.5, I-34012 Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Floreano
- CNR-IOM Laboratorio TASC , Basovizza SS-14, km 163.5, I-34012 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alberto Verdini
- CNR-IOM Laboratorio TASC , Basovizza SS-14, km 163.5, I-34012 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alberto Morgante
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste , via A. Valerio 2, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- CNR-IOM Laboratorio TASC , Basovizza SS-14, km 163.5, I-34012 Trieste, Italy
| | - Dean Cvetko
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana , Jadranska ul. 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Albano Cossaro
- CNR-IOM Laboratorio TASC , Basovizza SS-14, km 163.5, I-34012 Trieste, Italy
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91
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Tawfik SA, Cui XY, Ringer SP, Stampfl C. Enhanced oscillatory rectification and negative differential resistance in pentamantane diamondoid-cumulene systems. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:3461-3466. [PMID: 26794415 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr07467c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new functionality for diamondoids in nanoelectronics. Based on the nonequilibrium Green's function formalism and density functional theory, we reveal that when attached to gold electrodes, the pentamantane-cumulene molecular junction exhibits large and oscillatory rectification and negative differential resistance (NDR) - depending on the number of carbon atoms in cumulene (Cn). When n is odd rectification is greatly enhanced where the rectification ratio can reach ∼180 and a large negative differential resistance peak current of ∼3 μA. This oscillatory behavior is well rationalised in terms of the occupancy of the carbon 2p states in Cn. Interestingly, different layers of C atoms in the pentamantane molecule have different contributions to transmission. The first and third layers of C atoms in pentamantane have a slight contribution to rectification, and the fifth and sixth layers have a stronger contribution to both rectification and NDR. Thus, our results suggest potential avenues for controlling their functions by chemically manipulating various parts of the diamondoid molecule, thus extending the applications of diamondoids in nanoscale integrated circuits.
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92
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Villagómez CJ, Castanié F, Momblona C, Gauthier S, Zambelli T, Bouju X. Adsorption of single 1,8-octanedithiol molecules on Cu(100). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:27521-27528. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04449b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
STM experiments and calculations have allowed identifying the most favorable conformation of a single octanedithiol molecule on a copper surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J. Villagómez
- Instituto de Física
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Mexico
- CEMES-CNRS
- 31055 Toulouse Cedex 4
| | - Fabien Castanié
- CEMES-CNRS
- 31055 Toulouse Cedex 4
- France
- Université de Toulouse
- UPS
| | - Cristina Momblona
- CEMES-CNRS
- 31055 Toulouse Cedex 4
- France
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragoń (INA)
- Edificio i+d
| | | | - Tomaso Zambelli
- CEMES-CNRS
- 31055 Toulouse Cedex 4
- France
- Swiss Fed. Inst. Technlo
- Inst. Biomed. Engn
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93
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Frisenda R, Parlato L, Barra M, van der Zant HS, Cassinese A. Single-Molecule Break Junctions Based on a Perylene-Diimide Cyano-Functionalized (PDI8-CN2) Derivative. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2015; 10:1011. [PMID: 26216013 PMCID: PMC4516147 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-015-1011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this letter, we report the single-molecule conductance properties of a cyano-functionalized perylene-diimide derivative (PDI8-CN2) investigated with gold nano-electrodes. This molecule is of large interest for the fabrication of high-performance and air-stable n-type organic field-effect transistors. Low-bias experiments performed on mechanically controllable break junctions reveal the presence of two different values of the single-molecule conductance, which differ by about two orders of magnitudes. Up to date, this feature was never observed for other perylene-diimide compounds having alternative chemical moieties attached to the basic aromatic core. Theoretical calculations suggest that the highest single-molecule conductance value here observed, comprised between 10(-2) and 10(-3) G0, is related to a charge transport path directly linking the two cyano groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Frisenda
- />Kavli Institute of Nanonscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Loredana Parlato
- />CNR-SPIN and Physics Department, University of Naples, Piazzale Tecchio 80, I-80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Barra
- />CNR-SPIN and Physics Department, University of Naples, Piazzale Tecchio 80, I-80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Herre S.J. van der Zant
- />Kavli Institute of Nanonscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Cassinese
- />CNR-SPIN and Physics Department, University of Naples, Piazzale Tecchio 80, I-80125 Naples, Italy
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94
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Kudr J, Skalickova S, Nejdl L, Moulick A, Ruttkay-Nedecky B, Adam V, Kizek R. Fabrication of solid-state nanopores and its perspectives. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:2367-79. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Kudr
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Sylvie Skalickova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Nejdl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Amitava Moulick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Branislav Ruttkay-Nedecky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Rene Kizek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
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95
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96
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Quan R, Pitler CS, Ratner MA, Reuter MG. Quantitative Interpretations of Break Junction Conductance Histograms in Molecular Electron Transport. ACS NANO 2015; 9:7704-7713. [PMID: 26168212 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b03183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We develop theoretical and computational tools for extracting quantitative molecular information from experimental conductance histograms for electron transport through single-molecule break junctions. These experimental setups always measure a combination of molecular conductance and direct electrode-electrode tunneling; our derivations explicitly incorporate the effects of such background tunneling. Validation of our models to simulated data shows that background tunneling is crucial for quantitative analyses (even in cases where it appears to be qualitatively negligible), and comparison to experimental data is favorable. Finally, we generalize these ideas to the case of molecules with a destructive interference feature and discuss potential signatures for interference in a conductance histogram.
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97
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Smaali K, Desbief S, Foti G, Frederiksen T, Sanchez-Portal D, Arnau A, Nys JP, Leclère P, Vuillaume D, Clément N. On the mechanical and electronic properties of thiolated gold nanocrystals. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:1809-1819. [PMID: 25518743 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr06180b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a quantitative exploration, combining experiment and simulation, of the mechanical and electronic properties, as well as the modifications induced by an alkylthiolated coating, at the single nanoparticle (NP) level. We determined the response of the NPs to external pressure in a controlled manner using an atomic force microscope tip. We found a strong reduction in their Young's modulus, as compared to bulk gold, and a significant influence of strain on the electronic properties of the alkylthiolated NPs. Electron transport measurements of tiny molecular junctions (NP/alkylthiol/CAFM tip) show that the effective tunnelling barrier through the adsorbed monolayer strongly decreases by increasing the applied load, which translates in a remarkable and unprecedented increase in the tunnel current. These observations are successfully explained using simulations based on the finite element analysis (FEA) and first-principles calculations that permit one to consider the coupling between the mechanical response of the system and the electric dipole variations at the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Smaali
- Institute of Electronics, Microelectronics and Nanotechnology, CNRS, Avenue Poincaré, 59652, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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98
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Jeong H, Kim D, Kim P, Cho MR, Hwang WT, Jang Y, Cho K, Min M, Xiang D, Park YD, Jeong H, Lee T. A new approach for high-yield metal-molecule-metal junctions by direct metal transfer method. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:025601. [PMID: 25513936 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/2/025601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The realization of high-yield, stable molecular junctions has been a long-standing challenge in the field of molecular electronics research, and it is an essential prerequisite for characterizing and understanding the charge transport properties of molecular junctions prior to their device applications. Here, we introduce a new approach for obtaining high-yield, vertically structured metal-molecule-metal junctions in which the top metal electrodes are formed on alkanethiolate self-assembled monolayers by a direct metal transfer method without the use of any additional protecting interlayers in the junctions. The fabricated alkanethiolate molecular devices exhibited considerably improved device yields (∼70%) in comparison to the typical low device yields (less than a few %) of molecular junctions in which the top metal electrodes are fabricated using the conventional evaporation method. We compared our method with other molecular device fabrication methods in terms of charge transport parameters. This study suggests a potential new device platform for realizing robust, high-yield molecular junctions and investigating the electronic properties of devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunhak Jeong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
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Cespedes O, Wheeler M, Moorsom T, Viret M. Unexpected magnetic properties of gas-stabilized platinum nanostructures in the tunneling regime. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:45-50. [PMID: 25531537 DOI: 10.1021/nl504254d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured materials often have properties widely different from bulk, imposed by quantum limits to a physical property of the material. This includes, for example, superparamagnetism and quantized conductance, but original properties such as magnetoresistance in nonmagnetic molecular structures may also emerge. In this Letter, we report on the atomic manipulation of platinum nanocontacts in order to induce magnetoresistance. Platinum is a paramagnetic 5d metal, but atomic chains of this material have been predicted to be magnetically ordered with a large anisotropy. Remarkably, we find that a gas flow stabilizes Pt atomic structures in a break junction experiment, where we observe extraordinary resistance changes over 30,000% in a temperature range up to 77 K. Simulations indicate that this behavior may stem from a previously unknown magnetically ordered, low-energy state in platinum oxide atomic chains. This is supported by measurements in Pt/PtOx superlattices revealing the presence of a ferromagnetic moment. These properties open new paths of research for atomic scale "dirty" magnetic sensors and quantum devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Cespedes
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds , Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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Garg K, Majumder C, Gupta SK, Aswal DK, Nayak SK, Chattopadhyay S. Stable negative differential resistance in porphyrin based σ–π–σ monolayers grafted on silicon. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra09484d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Two Si–porphyrin hybrid monolayers showed room temperature negative differential resistance (NDR) property. The monolayer with a fluorophenyl porphyrin moiety showed a better peak-to-valley ratio due to compact packing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Garg
- Bio-Organic Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai
- India
| | | | - Shiv Kumar Gupta
- Technical Physics Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai
- India
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