51
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Chen CP, Chern SR, Lee CC, Lin CC, Li YC, Hsieh LJ, Chen WL, Wang W. Prenatal diagnosis ofde novo t(2;18;14)(q33.1;q12.2;q31.2), dup(5)(q34q34), del(7)(p21.1p21.1), and del(10)(q25.3q25.3) and a review of the prenatally ascertainedde novo apparently balanced complex and multiple chromosomal rearrangements. Prenat Diagn 2006; 26:138-46. [PMID: 16470734 DOI: 10.1002/pd.1369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To present the prenatal diagnosis of a de novo complex chromosomal rearrangement (CCR) associated with de novo interstitial deletions and duplication and to review the literature. CASE AND METHODS Amniocentesis was performed at 18 weeks' gestation because of an increased risk for Down syndrome based on maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotrophin screening. Amniocentesis revealed a karyotype of 46,XY,t(2;18;14)(q33.1;q12.2;q31.2),dup(5)(q34q34),del(7)(p21.1p21.1), del(10)(q25.3q25.3). The parental karyotypes were normal. The pregnancy was terminated. The fetus manifested facial dysmorphism, clinodactyly of both hands, and hypoplasia of the left great toe. Spectral karyotyping (SKY), cytogenetic polymorphism, and polymorphic DNA markers were used to investigate the imbalances and the origin of the de novo aberrant chromosomes. RESULTS SKY showed a three-way CCR. Cytogenetic polymorphism investigation of the derivative chromosome 14 of the fetus and the parental chromosomes 14 determined the maternal origin of the translocation. Polymorphic DNA marker analysis confirmed the maternal origin of the de novo interstitial deletions and duplication. No cryptic imbalance at or near the breakpoints of the CCR was detected by the molecular analysis. CONCLUSIONS De novo apparently balanced CCRs may be associated with imbalances in other chromosomes. We suggest further investigation and re-evaluation of cryptic or subtle imbalances in all cases classified as de novo apparently balanced CCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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52
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Sasaki MS. Delayed manifestation and transmission bias of de novo chromosome mutations: their relevance for radiation health effect. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2006; 47 Suppl B:B45-56. [PMID: 17019052 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.47.b45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The origin and transmission of de novo chromosome mutations were reviewed on the basis of our chromosome studies in retinoblastoma patients and male infertility. In a series of 264 sporadic retinoblastoma families, gross chromosome rearrangements involving the RB1 locus were identified in 23 cases (8.7%), of which 16 were non-mosaic and 7 were mosaic mutations. The newly formed chromosome mutations, whether they were non-mosaic or mosaic, had a strong bias towards paternally derived chromosome, indicating that they shared a common mechanism where a pre-mutational event or instability is carried over to zygote by sperm and manifested as gross chromosome mutation at the early stages of development. The de novo chromosome mutations are preferentially transmitted through female carriers. This transmission bias is consistent with the finding of higher frequencies of translocation carriers in infertile men (7.69% versus 0.27% in general populations) in whom meiotic progression is severely suppressed, possibly through activation of meiotic checkpoints. Such a meiotic surveillance mechanism may minimize the spreading of newly-arisen chromosome mutations in populations. A quantitative model of meiotic surveillance mechanism is proposed and successfully applied to the published data on ;humped' dose-response curves for radiation-induced spermatogonial reciprocal translocations in several mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao S Sasaki
- Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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53
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Giardino D, Corti C, Ballarati L, Finelli P, Valtorta C, Botta G, Giudici M, Grosso E, Larizza L. Prenatal diagnosis of ade novo complex chromosome rearrangement (CCR) mediated by six breakpoints, and a review of 20 prenatally ascertained CCRs. Prenat Diagn 2006; 26:565-70. [PMID: 16683274 DOI: 10.1002/pd.1460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the cytogenetic and FISH characterization of a prenatally diagnosed de novo complex chromosome rearrangement (CCR), showing the involvement of four chromosomes and six breakpoints, and review the literature concerning prenatally detected CCRs in order to obtain insights into addressing karyotype-phenotype correlations in prenatal genetic counseling. METHODS Conventional protocols were used to set up cultures and chromosome preparations. Commercial and homemade probes were used for the FISH analyses. RESULTS An apparently balanced de novo t(4;10;20) was prenatally identified by means of cytogenetic analysis. FISH revealed a rearrangement mediated by six breakpoints and the insertion of chromosome 8 material within the 4q region. The pregnancy was interrupted. The fetus showed malformations and anomalous cortical neuron migration. The assembled list of 20 prenatally detected CCRs points to the preferential involvement of chromosomes 4, 6 and 14. The involvement of chromosome 20 is described here for the first time. CONCLUSIONS FISH analysis is essential for the accurate definition of a complex rearrangement. Phenotype description of fetuses carrying CCRs investigated by means of molecular cytogenetic techniques may contribute to improving and personalizing genetic counseling in prenatal diagnosis.
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MESH Headings
- Abnormalities, Multiple
- Abortion, Spontaneous/etiology
- Abortion, Spontaneous/genetics
- Adult
- Chromosome Aberrations/embryology
- Chromosome Breakage
- Chromosome Deletion
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4
- Cytogenetic Analysis
- Female
- Genetic Testing
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Karyotyping
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Outcome
- Prenatal Diagnosis/methods
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- D Giardino
- Laboratorio di Citogenetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
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54
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Sanlaville D, Lapierre JM, Turleau C, Coquin A, Borck G, Colleaux L, Vekemans M, Romana SP. Molecular karyotyping in human constitutional cytogenetics. Eur J Med Genet 2005; 48:214-31. [PMID: 16179218 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2005.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2005] [Accepted: 04/08/2005] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Using array CGH it is possible to detect very small genetic imbalances anywhere in the genome. Its usefulness has been well documented in cancer and more recently in constitutional disorders. In particular it has been used to detect interstitial and subtelomeric submicroscopic imbalances, to characterize their size at the molecular level and to define the breakpoints of chromosomal translocation. Here, we review the various applications of array CGH in constitutional cytogenetics. This technology remains expensive and the existence of numerous sequence polymorphisms makes its interpretation difficult. The challenge today is to transfer this technology in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Sanlaville
- Service de cytogénétique, laboratoire de cytogénétique, hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France.
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55
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Ciccone R, Giorda R, Gregato G, Guerrini R, Giglio S, Carrozzo R, Bonaglia MC, Priolo E, Laganà C, Tenconi R, Rocchi M, Pramparo T, Zuffardi O, Rossi E. Reciprocal translocations: a trap for cytogenetists? Hum Genet 2005; 117:571-82. [PMID: 16041583 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-005-1324-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2005] [Accepted: 04/08/2005] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We report four cases of subjects with phenotypic abnormalities and mental retardation associated with apparently balanced translocations, two inherited and two de novo, which showed, by molecular analysis, a hidden complexity. All the cases have been analyzed with different molecular techniques, including array-CGH, and in two of them the translocation breakpoints have been defined at the level of base pairs via studies in somatic hybrids containing single derivative chromosomes. We demonstrated that all the translocations were in fact complex rearrangements and that an imbalance was present in three of them, thus accounting for the phenotypic abnormalities. In one case, a Prader-Willi subject, we were not able to determine the molecular cause of his phenotype. This study, while confirming previous data showing unexpected complexity in translocations, further underscores the need for molecular investigations before taking for granted an apparently simple cytogenetic interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ciccone
- Biologia Generale e Genetica Medica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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56
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Kline AD, Griffin CA, Haddadin MH, Chudoba I, Morsberger LA, Hawkins AL, Amato RS, Munshi G, Cohen MM. A de novo complex karyotype with two independent balanced translocations and a double inversion of chromosome 6 presenting with multiple congenital anomalies. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 129A:124-9. [PMID: 15316975 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We report a 4-year-old female with a de novo complex karyotype with multiple chromosomal rearrangements and a distinctive phenotype. Her medical history is significant for having been a twin born at 35 weeks gestation, breech presentation, with feeding problems and poor growth as an infant, gastroesophageal reflux disease, peripheral pulmonic stenosis, omphalocele, high myopia, and severe mental retardation. She is small for her age with microcephaly, posteriorly sloping forehead, shallow orbits, long palpebral fissures, prominent nose, wide mouth, absent uvula, kyphosis, brachydactyly, bridged palmar crease, and hypertonia. Peripheral blood lymphocytes revealed a karyotype of 46,XX,t(1;12)(p22.3;q21.3),inv(6)(p24q23),t(7;18)(q11.2;q21.2) in all cells. Parental karyotypes and that of her twin were normal. Spectral Karyotyping (SKY) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with whole chromosome paints for chromosomes 1, 6, 7, 12, and 18 did not reveal additional rearrangements. Prometaphase G-banding analysis suggested that the "inverted" chromosome 6 might contain a cryptic rearrangement. Although no deletion nor duplication was detected using metaphase comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), multicolor high resolution banding (mBAND) demonstrated a double inversion of chromosome 6, resulting in a final karyotype as above but including der(6)(pter --> p23::q21 --> q22.3::q21 --> p23::q22.3 --> qter).
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonie D Kline
- Department of Pediatrics, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21204, USA.
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57
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Rosenberg C, Knijnenburg J, Chauffaille MDL, Brunoni D, Catelani AL, Sloos W, Szuhai K, Tanke HJ. Array CGH detection of a cryptic deletion in a complex chromosome rearrangement. Hum Genet 2005; 116:390-4. [PMID: 15726417 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-004-1248-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2004] [Accepted: 12/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Balanced complex chromosome rearrangements (CCR) are extremely rare in humans. They are usually ascertained either by abnormal phenotype or reproductive failure in carriers. These abnormalities are attributed to disruption of genes at the breakpoints, position effect or cryptic imbalances in the genome. However, little is known about possible imbalances at the junction points. We report here a patient with a CCR involving three chromosomes (2;10;11) and eight breakpoints. The patient presented with behavioural problems as the sole phenotypic abnormality. The rearrangement, which is apparently balanced in G-banding and multicolour FISH, was shown by genomic array analysis to include a deletion of 0.15-1.5 Mb associated with one of the breakpoints. To explain the formation of this rearrangement through the smallest possible number of breakage-and-reunion events, one has to assume that the breaks have not occurred simultaneously, but in a temporal order within the span of a single cell division. We demonstrate that array comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH) is a useful complementary tool to cytogenetic analysis for detecting and mapping cryptic imbalances associated with chromosome rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Rosenberg
- Laboratory of Cytochemistry and Cytometry, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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58
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Hernando C, Plaja A, Català V, Sarret E, Egozcue J, Fuster C. Primary amenorrhea in a woman with a cryptic complex chromosome rearrangement involving the critical regions Xp11.2 and Xq24. Fertil Steril 2004; 82:1666-71. [PMID: 15589876 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2004] [Revised: 05/04/2004] [Accepted: 05/04/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize a complex chromosome rearrangement (CCR) previously detected by G-banding in peripheral blood lymphocytes, as 46,X,-2,-11,-22,-X,+mar 1+mar2+mar3+mar4 in a patient with primary amenorrhea. DESIGN Case report. SETTING University faculty of Medicine and hospital. PATIENT(S) A 36-year-old woman with primary amenorrhea. INTERVENTION(S) Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Use of commercially available M-FISH probe (24 colors simultaneously) and whole chromosome painting probes for chromosomes 2, 11, 22, and X to characterize the CCR. RESULT(S) The use of conventional and multiple FISH allowed the redefinition of the CCR, showing a cryptic insertion of chromosome 11 in marker 3 previously suspected by M-FISH. The combination of G-banding and FISH data revealed that four chromosomes and seven breakpoints, including 2q21, 2q31, 11q22.1, 11q22.3, 22q13.3, Xp11.21, and Xq24, were implicated in this CCR. CONCLUSION(S) This report confirms the importance of a combination of G-banding and FISH (M-FISH and conventional FISH) techniques to characterize the de novo CCR. These techniques also were useful in defining two possible critical chromosome regions, Xp11.21 and Xq24, in which genes of potential interest for a primary amenorrhea could be located.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Hernando
- Departament Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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59
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Coco R, Rahn MI, Estanga PG, Antonioli G, Solari AJ. A constitutional complex chromosome rearrangement involving meiotic arrest in an azoospermic male: Case report. Hum Reprod 2004; 19:2784-90. [PMID: 15513983 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deh506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex chromosome rearrangements are rare aberrations that frequently lead to reproductive failure and that may hinder assisted reproduction. A 25-year-old azoospermic male was studied cytogenetically with synaptonemal complex analysis of spermatocytes from a testicular biopsy and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of lymphocytes. The spermatocytes showed a pentavalent plus a univalent chromosome. Cell death occurred mainly at advanced pachytene stages. The sex chromosomes were involved in the multiple, as shown by their typical axial excrescences. Two autosomal pairs, including an acrocentric chromosome (15), were also involved in the multiple. FISH allowed the definite identification of all the involved chromosomes. An inverted chromosome 12 is translocated with most of one long arm of chromosome 15, while the centromeric piece of this chromosome 15 is translocated with Yqh, forming a small marker chromosome t(15;Y). The euchromatic part of the Y chromosome is joined to the remaining piece of chromosome 12, forming a neo-Y chromosome. The patient shows azoospermia and a normal phenotype. The disruption of spermatogenesis is hypothetically due to the extent of asynaptic segments and to sex-body association during pachytene. This CCR occurred 'de novo' during paternal spermatogenesis. Meiotic analysis and FISH are valuable diagnostic tools in these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Coco
- FECUNDITAS, Instituto de Medicina Reproductiva, Larrea 790, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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60
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Lespinasse J, Réthoré MO, North MO, Bovier-Lapierre M, Lundsteen C, Fert-Ferrer S, Bugge M, Kirchoff M. Balanced complex chromosomal rearrangements (BCCR) with at least three chromosomes and three or more breakpoints: report of three new cases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 47:315-24. [PMID: 15337478 DOI: 10.1016/j.anngen.2004.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2003] [Accepted: 12/10/2003] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Balanced complex chromosomal rearrangements (BCCR) encompass a heterogeneous group of rare chromosomal aberrations. In this paper, we report three cases of BCCRs. In two the probands were referred for either genetic counseling or prenatal management. One case was ascertained after chromosome analysis performed because of psychiatric manifestations; this was an isolated finding. We also outline the molecular cytogenetic techniques, which were essential in confirming and precisely delineating the BCCRs identified in these patients. In addition the various aspects of genetic counseling for this type of chromosomal rearrangement, highlighting the details particular to each individual case are discussed. We discuss the classification for this type of chromosomal mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lespinasse
- Cytogenetic Laboratory, General Hospital, BP 1125, 73011 Chambéry cedex, France.
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61
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Hahn Y, Bera TK, Gehlhaus K, Kirsch IR, Pastan IH, Lee B. Finding fusion genes resulting from chromosome rearrangement by analyzing the expressed sequence databases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:13257-61. [PMID: 15326299 PMCID: PMC516526 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0405490101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal rearrangements resulting in gene fusions are frequently involved in carcinogenesis. Here, we describe a semiautomatic procedure for identifying fusion gene transcripts by using publicly available mRNA and EST databases. With this procedure, we have identified 96 transcript sequences that are derived from 60 known fusion genes. Also, 47 or more additional sequences appear to be derived from 20 or more previously unknown putative fusion genes. We have experimentally verified the presence of a previously unknown IRA1/RGS17 fusion in the breast cancer cell line MCF7. The fusion gene encodes the full-length RGS17 protein, a regulator of G protein-coupled signaling, under the control of the IRA1 gene promoter. This study demonstrates that databases of ESTs can be used to discover fusion genes resulting from structural rearrangement of chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonsoo Hahn
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4264, USA
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62
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Lespinasse J, Bugge M, Réthoré MO, North MO, Lundsteen C, Kirchhoff M. De novo complex chromosomal rearrangements (CCR) involving chromosome 1, 5, and 6 resulting in microdeletion for 6q14 in a female carrier with psychotic disorder. Am J Med Genet A 2004; 128A:199-203. [PMID: 15214017 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A 23-year-old obese woman with a psychotic disorder was found to have a de novo apparently balanced complex chromosomal rearrangement involving chromosomes 1, 5, and 6. Molecular cytogenetic analyses using high-resolution comparative genomic hybridization (HR-CGH) showed a microdeletion at 6q14 in a der(6). Application of HR-CGH facilitated detection of micro-rearrangement of all de novo apparently balanced complex chromosomal rearrangements (CCR) and supported the localization of the breakpoint. According to our knowledge, no constitutional interstitial microdeletion of chromosome 6q14 has been found associated with a schizoid-type phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Lespinasse
- Cytogenetic Laboratory, General Hospital, Chambéry Cedex, France.
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63
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Berend SA, Bodamer OAF, Shapira SK, Shaffer LG, Bacino CA. Familial complex chromosomal rearrangement resulting in a recombinant chromosome. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2002; 109:311-7. [PMID: 11992486 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.10334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Familial complex chromosomal rearrangements (CCRs) are rare and tend to involve fewer breakpoints and fewer chromosomes than CCRs that are de novo in origin. We report on a CCR identified in a child with congenital heart disease and dysmorphic features. Initially, the child's karyotype was thought to involve a straightforward three-way translocation between chromosomes 3, 8, and 16. However, after analyzing the mother's chromosomes, the mother was found to have a more complex rearrangement that resulted in a recombinant chromosome in the child. The mother's karyotype included an inverted chromosome 2 and multiple translocations involving chromosomes 3, 5, 8, and 16. No evidence of deletion or duplication that could account for the clinical findings in the child was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Ann Berend
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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64
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Drummond-Borg M, Kulharya AS, Tonk V, Garcia-Heras J. Maternal complex chromosome rearrangement ascertained through a del (13)(q12.1q14.1) detected in her mildly affected daughter. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2002; 107:61-3. [PMID: 11807870 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.10126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A maternal complex chromosome rearrangement (CCR) involving chromosomes 2, 13, and 20 was ascertained in a normal female through the diagnosis of a deletion of 13q in her daughter. The child has mild clinical features and developmental delay consistent with proximal deletions of 13q that do not extend into band q32 and a del(13)(q12q14.1) that does not involve the retinoblastoma locus by FISH. Maternal studies by GTG banding and FISH showed a complex karyotype with bands 13q12.3-->13q12.1::20p13 translocated to 2p13 and bands 2pter-->2p13::13q12.3-->13q14.1 translocated into band 20p13. This would be the first report of an interstitial deletion of 13q inherited from a parental complex chromosome rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Drummond-Borg
- Division of Genetic Screening and Case Management, Bureau of Children's Health, Texas Department of Health, Austin, Texas, USA
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65
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Kotzot D, Holland H, Köhler M, Froster UG. A complex chromosome rearrangement involving chromosome 8, 11, and 12 analyzed by conventional cytogenetic investigations, fluorescence in situ hybridisation, and spectral karyotyping. ANNALES DE GENETIQUE 2001; 44:135-8. [PMID: 11694225 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-3995(01)01077-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report on a 29-year-old woman with a history of five spontaneous abortions and a balanced complex chromosome rearrangement (CCR) involving break points between chromosomes 8, 11, and 12. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) in combination with giemsa trypsin banding techniques were essential for the identification of the breakpoints. In addition, the results were confirmed by 24-colour FISH using the spectral karyotyping system (SKY). The karyotype was 46,XX,t(8;11;12)(8qter-->8p10::12p10-->12pter;11pter--> 11q14::8p10-->8pter;12qter-->12p10::11q14-->11qter). Application of SKY facilitated detection of all three chromosomes involved and supported the localisation of the breakpoints by a single time and sample saving investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kotzot
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal Str. 55, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
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66
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Wenger SL, Cutenese C, Hummel M. Three-way unbalanced translocation in a mildly dysmorphic mentally retarded child. Clin Genet 2001; 59:139-40. [PMID: 11260219 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0004.2001.590215.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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67
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Kaiser-Rogers KA, Rao KW, Michaelis RC, Lese CM, Powell CM. Usefulness and limitations of FISH to characterize partially cryptic complex chromosome rearrangements. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2000; 95:28-35. [PMID: 11074491 DOI: 10.1002/1096-8628(20001106)95:1<28::aid-ajmg7>3.0.co;2-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Interpretation of a complex chromosome rearrangement (CCR) using only G-band analysis is difficult and potentially inaccurate. We present two patients with de novo, partially cryptic, CCRs that illustrate both the value and limitations of using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) whole chromosome paint probes to characterize these types of rearrangements. In a patient referred because of features of Townes-Brocks syndrome, G-band analysis revealed an unbalanced CCR involving 3 chromosomes (2,11 and 16) and at least 4 breakpoints. A more complex rearrangement involving two cryptic insertions and at least 6 breakpoints, however, was detected using whole chromosome paint probes specific for the 3 chromosomes involved in the rearrangement. In this case, FISH studies were essential for accurate characterization of this patient's rearrangement. In a second patient, G-band analysis revealed that a 12-year-old male with obesity, small genitalia, attention deficit disorder, learning disabilities, and behavior problems, carried a CCR involving 4 chromosomes (3, 5, 10 and 13) with 6 breakpoints. This rearrangement seemed unbalanced, with missing terminal 3p26. 2-pter material. Our G-band interpretation of this karyotype was confirmed by FISH using whole chromosome paint probes specific for the involved chromosomes. Although no evidence of the "missing" 3pter material was observed using a chromosome 3 paint, FISH analysis using a chromosome 3p unique telomere probe identified telomeric 3p material on the distal long arm of the derivative 10 chromosome. This case illustrates the limited value of painting probes to detect small rearrangements, especially those involving terminal chromosome regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Kaiser-Rogers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
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68
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Peschka B, Leygraaf J, Hansmann D, Hansmann M, Schröck E, Ried T, Engels H, Schwanitz G, Schubert R. Analysis of ade novo complex chromosome rearrangement involving chromosomes 4, 11, 12 and 13 and eight breakpoints by conventional cytogenetic, fluorescencein situ hybridization and spectral karyotyping. Prenat Diagn 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0223(199912)19:12<1143::aid-pd730>3.0.co;2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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69
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Joyce CA, Cabral de Almeida JC, Santa Rose AA, Correia P, Moraes L, Bastos E, Llerena J. A de novo complex chromosomal rearrangement with nine breakpoints characterized by FISH in a boy with mild mental retardation, developmental delay, short stature and microcephaly. Clin Genet 1999; 56:86-92. [PMID: 10466423 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0004.1999.560113.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A de novo complex chromosome rearrangement (CCR) involving chromosomes 1, 6, 7, 15 and Y was detected in a boy with mental retardation, short stature, and microcephaly. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) with whole chromosome painting libraries, band-specific cosmids and telomeric probes was essential for the characterisation of the rearrangement. The CCR was shown to be the result of at least nine chromosomal breaks and involved the alternating insertion of two segments of the short arm of chromosome 1 and two segments of the long arm of chromosome 6 into a novel derived chromosome 7. A non-reciprocal translocation between the distal short arm of the same chromosome 7 and the distal long arm of the Y chromosome was also found, together with a paracentric inversion of the long arm of chromosome 15. The only detectable imbalance was a deletion of the heterochromatic Yq telomeric region. FISH investigations in this case have revealed an additional complexity in this CCR, which has implications for reproductive risk assessment and genetic counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Joyce
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury District Hospital, Wiltshire, UK
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70
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Doheny KF, Rasmussen SA, Rutberg J, Semenza GL, Stamberg J, Schwartz M, Batista DAS, Stetten G, Thomas GH. Segregation of a familial balanced (12;10) insertion resulting in dup(10)(q21.2q22.1) and del(10)(q21.2q22.1) in first cousins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19970317)69:2<188::aid-ajmg14>3.0.co;2-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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71
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Gibson LH, McGrath J, Yang-Feng TL. A complex chromosome rearrangement with at least five breakpoints studied by fluorescence in situ hybridization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19970211)68:4<417::aid-ajmg9>3.0.co;2-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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72
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Phelan MC, Blackburn W, Rogers RC, Crawford EC, Cooley NR, Schrock E, Ning Y, Ried T. FISH analysis of a complex chromosome rearrangement involving nine breakpoints on chromosomes 6, 12, 14 and 16. Prenat Diagn 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0223(199811)18:11<1174::aid-pd411>3.0.co;2-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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73
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Lukusa T, Devriendt K, Holvoet M, Fryns JP. Severe mental retardation-distal arthrogryposis in the upper limbs and complex chromosomal rearrangements resulting from a 10q25-->qter deletion. Clin Genet 1998; 54:224-30. [PMID: 9788726 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1998.tb04289.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We present the first report of chromosomal rearrangement involving chromosomes 4, 10 and 12. The proband was a 42-year-old woman with severe mental retardation and multiple congenital anomalies. The most striking physical anomalies were upper limb contractures resulting in distal arthrogryposis. As upper limb flexion contractures have been previously reported in individuals with partial distal 10q deletion, this sign should be considered as part of the clinical manifestations of 10q25-->qter monosomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lukusa
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital of Leuven, Belgium
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74
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Zahed L, Der Kaloustian V, Batanian J. Familial complex chromosome rearrangement giving rise to balanced and unbalanced recombination products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19980827)79:1<30::aid-ajmg8>3.0.co;2-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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75
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Wieczorek D, Engels H, Viersbach R, Henke B, Schwanitz G, Passarge E. Analysis of a familial three way translocation involving chromosomes 3q, 6q, and 15q by high resolution banding and fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) shows two different unbalanced karyotypes in sibs. J Med Genet 1998; 35:545-53. [PMID: 9678698 PMCID: PMC1051364 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.35.7.545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
We report on a familial three way translocation involving chromosomes 3, 6, and 15 identified by prometaphase banding and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH). Two mentally retarded sibs with different phenotypic abnormalities, their phenotypically normal sister and mother, and two fetuses of the phenotypically normal sister were analysed. The terminal regions of chromosomes 3q, 6q, and 15q were involved in a reciprocal translocation, in addition to a paracentric inversion of the derivative chromosome 15. Conventional cytogenetic studies with high resolution GTG banding did not resolve this rearrangement. FISH using whole chromosome paints (WCPs) identified the chromosomal regions involved, except the aberrant region of 3q, which was undetectable with these probes. Investigation of this region with the subtelomeric FISH probe D3S1445/D3S1446 showed a balanced karyotype, 46,XX,t(3;15;6) (q29;q26.1;q26), inv der(15) (q15.1q26.1) in two adult females and one fetus. It was unbalanced in two sibs, showing two different types of unbalanced translocation resulting in partial trisomy 3q in combination with partial monosomy 6q in one patient and partial trisomy 15q with partial monosomy 6q in the other patient and one fetus. These represent apparently new chromosomal phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wieczorek
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Germany
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76
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Batanian JR, Eswara MS. De novo apparently balanced complex chromosome rearrangement (CCR) involving chromosomes 4, 18, and 21 in a girl with mental retardation: Report and review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19980616)78:1<44::aid-ajmg9>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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77
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Ogilvie CM, Raymond FL, Harrison RH, Scriven PN, Docherty Z. A new approach to the elucidation of complex chromosome rearrangements illustrated by a case of Rieger syndrome. J Med Genet 1998; 35:234-7. [PMID: 9541109 PMCID: PMC1051248 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.35.3.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A patient with a complex chromosome rearrangement and unilateral Rieger syndrome is presented. This rearrangement involves four chromosomes and six breakpoints, one of which is at 4q25, the candidate region for Rieger syndrome. We discuss a novel approach to the elucidation of this case using a multiprobe fluorescence in situ hybridisation method to show rearrangements unpredictable from G banded analysis, and the clear and unambiguous presentation of the karyotype using computer generated colour ideograms.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Ogilvie
- Division of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
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78
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Xu J, Chernos J, Roland B. Trisomy 16pter to 16q12.1 and monosomy 22pter to 22q11.2 resulting from adjacent-2 segregation of a maternal complex chromosome rearrangement. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19971219)73:3<327::aid-ajmg18>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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79
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Stankiewicz P, Kostyk E, Bocian E, Stańczak H, Parczewska J, Piatkowska E, Mazurczak T, Pietrzyk JJ. Familial four breakpoint complex chromosomal rearrangement as a cause of monosomy 9p22-->pter and trisomy 10p11.2-->pter and 11q21 analysed by dual and triple colour FISH. J Med Genet 1997; 34:696-9. [PMID: 9279768 PMCID: PMC1051038 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.34.8.696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A familial four breakpoint complex chromosomal rearrangement involving chromosomes 9, 10, and 11 was ascertained through a child with dysmorphic features, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and hypotonia. A cryptic insertion, invisible in G banded chromosomes was identified by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) using chromosome specific libraries. Possible mechanisms of its formation as well as karyotype-phenotype correlation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Stankiewicz
- Department of Genetics, National Research Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
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80
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Johannesson T, Ehlers S, Wahlström J. Complex chromosome rearrangement involving chromosomes 1, 4 and 16 revealed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Clin Genet 1997; 51:281-5. [PMID: 9184255 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1997.tb02472.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A 7-year-old boy with mental retardation had apparently balanced reciprocal translocations, involving the telomeric regions of chromosomes 1p and 4q, which was detected by routine chromosome analysis. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used and also revealed the telomeric region of chromosome 16p to be involved in a still apparently balanced translocation-complex, impossible to discover with classical cytogenetic analysis. We want to emphasize the importance of FISH in detecting small chromosomal aberrations. We discuss whether the abnormal phenotype is caused by unbalanced karyotype with cryptic undetected translocations or small deletions or mutations in the translocation-breakpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Johannesson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
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81
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Wallerstein R, Gibas L, Anderson CE, Jackson L. Diagnosis of a complex chromosomal rearrangement using fluorescent in situ hybridisation. J Med Genet 1996; 33:793-4. [PMID: 8880585 PMCID: PMC1050739 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.33.9.793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We report the use of fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) to clarify a complex chromosomal rearrangement (CCR) carried by a woman presenting with recurrent miscarriages. CCRs are rare cytogenetic rearrangements involving three or more chromosomes, which can be difficult to interpret using routine cytogenetic studies with GTG banding. FISH was used to establish a correct interpretation of the maternal karyotype before amniocentesis in a present pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wallerstein
- Division of Medical Geńetics, Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107-5563, USA
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82
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Ruiz C, Grubs RE, Jewett T, Cox-Jones K, Abruzzese E, Pettenati MJ, Rao PN. Prenatally diagnosed de novo apparently balanced complex chromosome rearrangements: two new cases and review of the literature. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1996; 64:478-84. [PMID: 8862625 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19960823)64:3<478::aid-ajmg6>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Complex chromosome rearrangements (CCR) are rare structural rearrangements. Currently six cases of prenatally diagnosed balanced de novo CCR have been described. We present two new cases of prenatally ascertained balanced de novo CCR. In the first case, an amniocentesis revealed a balanced de novo three-way CCR involving chromosomes 5, 6, and 11 with a pericentric inversion of chromosome 5 [four breaks]. In the second case, a balanced de novo rearrangement was identified by amniocentesis which involved a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 3 and 8 and a CCR involving chromosomes 6, 7, and 18 [six breaks]. The use of whole chromosome painting helped elucidate the nature of these rearrangements. A review of the postnatally ascertained cases suggests that most patients have congenital anomalies, minor anomalies, and/or developmental delay/mental retardation. In addition, there appears to be a relationship between the number of chromosome breaks and the extent of phenotypic effects. The paucity of information regarding prenatally diagnosed CCR and the bias of ascertainment of postnatal CCR cases poses a problem in counseling families.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ruiz
- Department of Pediatrics, Bowman Gray School of Medicine of Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA
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83
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Engelen JJ, Loots WJ, Albrechts JC, Motoh PC, Fryns JP, Hamers AJ, Geraedts JP. Disclosure of five breakpoints in a complex chromosome rearrangement by microdissection and FISH. J Med Genet 1996; 33:562-6. [PMID: 8818941 PMCID: PMC1050663 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.33.7.562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Microdissection and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) were used to elucidate the nature of a complex chromosome translocation, after GTG banding failed in the complete characterisation of the structural rearrangement between chromosomes 6 and 12. These chromosomes were painted with chromosome specific paints and one of the chromosome regions involved in the translocation was isolated by microdissection. Ten copies of the microdissected region were collected with microneedles from GTG banded metaphases, transferred to a collecting drop, and amplified by means of DOP-PCR. The PCR product was labelled with biotin-14-dATP and used as a FISH probe for hybridisation to normal metaphase chromosomes and metaphase chromosomes of the patients (microFISH). FISH with this chromosome region specific painting probe and with chromosome band specific probes enabled the characterisation of a complex chromosome rearrangement with five breakpoints in two chromosomes. This resulted in the following karyotype: 46,XY,t(6;12)(6pter--> 6q12::12q24.1-->12qter;12qter-->12q13.3:: 6q16.2-->6q26::12q13.3-->12q24.1::6q12--> 6q16.2::6q26-->6qter).
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Engelen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Limburg, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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84
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Reid E, Morrison N, Barron L, Boyd E, Cooke A, Fielding D, Tolmie JL. Familial Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome resulting from a cryptic translocation: a clinical and molecular study. J Med Genet 1996; 33:197-202. [PMID: 8728691 PMCID: PMC1051867 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.33.3.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We present three cousins who have normal karyotypes, despite having clinical features of Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation techniques confirmed that all three relatives were monosomic for the distal short arm of chromosome 4 and that a cryptic translocation involving chromosomes 4 and 11 was segregating within the family. Segregation analysis indicated that the risk of an affected child being born to a parent carrying the translocation was 15%. Molecular analysis showed that loci D4S111 and D4S115 were not deleted in the proband, thus excluding these loci from the "Wolf-Hirschhorn critical region". Surprisingly, DNA studies also suggested that the translocation breakpoint on chromosome 4 was within the region of a preexisting paracentric inversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Reid
- Duncan Guthrie Institute of Medical Genetics, Yorkhill NHS Trust, Glasgow, UK
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